We demonstrated the self-organization of high-density GaN nanocolumns on multilayer graphene (MLG)/SiO2 covered with a thin AlN buffer layer by RF-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. MLG/SiO2 substrates were prepared by the transfer of CVD graphene onto thermally oxidized SiO2/Si [100] substrates. Employing the MLG with an AlN buffer layer enabled the self-organization of high-density and vertically aligned nanocolumns. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that no threading dislocations, stacking faults, or twinning defects were included in the self-organized nanocolumns. The photoluminescence (PL) peak intensities of the self-organized GaN nanocolumns were 2.0–2.6 times higher than those of a GaN substrate grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Moreover, no yellow luminescence or ZB-phase GaN emission was observed from the nanocolumns. An InGaN/GaN MQW and p-type GaN were integrated into GaN nanocolumns grown on MLG, displaying a single-peak PL emission at a wavelength of 533 nm. Thus, high-density nitride p–i–n nanocolumns were fabricated on SiO2/Si using the transferred MLG interlayer, indicating the possibility of developing visible nanocolumn LEDs on graphene/SiO2.


Industrial crowd and specialization by the regional high technology industrial complex can maximize the synergy effect by economical effect and value chain in a dominant position, support the appropriate industrial environment that the industrial technology development by region technology renovation system construction and the product system of the flexible speciality. There are three common points to be found in the general selecting standards for upbringing high technology industrial business in Gwangju. First, the growth motive power of the globe promising high technology industry are; information technology industries, confrontation of industries due to advanced age, global environmental allied industries, and the undeveloped allied industries(such as new materials, mechatronics, space aeronautics, traffic industries, etc). Second, Nation wide promising high technology industry should be; industries based on 5-year plan with industrial technology development. industries based on national vision and development of the strategies. promising industry based on technology. Third, the regionally located industries and the specialized industries such as optical industries. The successful reasons of upbringing high technology industrial are supporting with high qualified human resources, good condition on circulating capital, perfect infra system, developing the consumer market. reliable circulation system, economical network system construction based on renovation, convenient shipping system construction, various tax benefits, neighboring districts civilization, etc. Thus, regional industry accumulating complex upbring the technology renovation high technology industries can increase the industries of international competitiveness, national industrial economic promotion, the consummation of provincial promotion and territorial balanced development, and right to appropriate the government's budget based on the investment plan on concentrated industrial complex. They can strengthen the national competitiveness.


Young's modulus is an important physical quantity to describe the deformation resistance of solid materials, and it is one of the commonly used parameters in engineering technology. A device for measuring Young's modulus of wire by automatic counting of interference ring is mainly composed of an automatic counter of interference ring, a Michelson interferometer, a tension tester and a wire to be tested. The elongation of wire is recorded by recording the number of interference fringes and rotating coarse adjusting knob by using the automatic counter of interference ring, and at the same time measuring the tension applied on the wire to be measured by using the digital explicit tension measuring device, and substituting the calculation formula. The Young's modulus of the wire to be measured can be obtained directly.


New mobility concepts are solutions in cities to limit and reduce individual car traffic. Can those concepts be transferred into developing and emerging countries? The focus of the investigation is on carsharing with a special emphasis on the role of e-mobility. As study area Jiading, a district of the mega city Shanghai is carried out. The investigation includes an empirical study, which analysis the willingness and acceptance of new mobility concepts as well as e-mobility. The impact evaluation regarding traffic and environment is conducted in the form of scenario analysis using a traffic simulation tool – SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility).


The European integration process continues to amaze both its supporters and critics, this recording a too fast rhythm for some states and too slow for others. This process of integration becomes very important for the 500 million people directly involved but also because Europe accounts for a quarter of the world economy, half of world trade and one third of global capital markets, the European integration influencing life of most of the non-Europeans. The purpose of this paper is to provide an accessible presentation of the events afferent to this process to better understand the reasons that led to the introduction of the euro, the existing theories and controversies, my approach being based on economic principles, since the process started with the economic integration even since 1948, when the European Organization for Economic Cooperation was established. But the economy does not mean everything, so I will analyze also political, cultural and historical factors.


The night soil is the combo of resource, contamination and infectant. It is important to dispose the night soil by the principle of decreasing, innocuity and reclamation. The questions of the night soil's reclamation and the advanced feasibility of the vacuum disposal system is discussed, which is also a high efficiency technology about the reclamation of the night soil from the vacuum disposal system.


The medial femoral circumflex artery (MFC) is important in its supply to the head and neck of the femur and to the adductor and hamstring muscles, several of which, notably the gracilis and biceps femoris, are used commonly in reconstructive surgical procedures. Considering the clinical significance of this artery, it is somewhat surprising to note the present lack of clarity of description and inconsistency of the nomenclature for this vessel and its branches, as seen in respected sources. This project was undertaken 1) to reexamine the origin, course, and distribution of the MFC and 2) to reevaluate the nomenclature in the anatomic and clinical literature for this artery and its branches. In 30 cadaveric specimens the MFC arose most commonly from the deep femoral artery (53%) or the femoral artery (40%). The MFC typically gave origin to two major ventral muscular branches and a small trochanteric branch before passing from the adductor compartment into the flexor compartment of the thigh. Thereafter, the MFC divided into an ascending branch to the hip and a descending branch to the hamstrings and sciatic nerve. We recommend the use of the terms "ascending" and "descending," which are listed in the 6th Edition of the Nomina Anatomica, and the deletion of "transverse," "superficial," and "deep" as named branches of the MFC. We question the description of the "crucial" or "cruciate anastomosis," as usually taught to medical students. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


CO2 laser scattering from plasma density perturbations which are not wave-like in nature moving through the beam is calculated for various geometries and scale-lengths. Exact expressions are found for the heterodyne detector currents as a function of time, and for the corresponding frequency spectra. In particular, the cases of small-scale rotating density perturbations in cylindrical plasmas and off-axis rotation of the entire plasma column are analyzed in detail. By way of illustration, the theoretical results are compared with some measured scattering spectra from a magnetized arc.


type="main"> This paper examines union grievances dealing with the body, appearance and demeanour fought by the Canadian Air Line Flight Attendants Association, on behalf of its female and male members over a 30-year period. Taking a historical, materialist-feminist approach, we examine how workers used the grievance system to resist regulations they believed contradicted their right to dignified labour. We ask how and why bodily regulation differed for men and women, and how this changed over time, as the union merged its male and female job occupations. Using arbitrated grievances, union records and discussion of these issues in the mass media, we show how both feminism and service union activism encouraged flight attendant resistance to airlines' efforts to regulate the appropriate body and attire for male and female workers. The use of labour law offered workers some respite from regulation, but did not facilitate fundamental questions about the power of management to 'dress' its workers.


COVID-19 infection, caused by the virus SARS-Cov 2 is growing at a rapid rate. As an efficient cure has not been available, early detection is integral for disease cure and control. Predictive algorithms are useful in this scenario. Here, estimation is performed on patients who are likely to come in contact with COVID-19 disease, using clinical predictive models with the help of deep learning. The most informative features are extracted from chest X-ray images for COVID-19 patients and non COVID-19 patients. These images are used for COVID detection. Patients with other chronic diseases are more vulnerable to COVID-19. Hence, we put forward a Heart Disease Prediction system based on machine learning algorithms. The feature selection algorithms are utilized in the feature selection procedures for enhancing the classification accuracy and for minimizing the execution time of the classification system.


This paper presents a new highly integrable hybrid step-down converter that merges switched-inductor and switched-capacitor operations and significantly reduces onboard loss by using the input cable's parasitic inductance as its main inductor. This converter has the inductor placed at the input with a smaller voltage swing, leading to possible use of a smaller inductor and low-voltage rating switches that generally translate to reduced conduction losses. Analyses of converter operation and losses to reveal its original characteristics and design guidelines are presented to facilitate the components optimization. The converter architecture is verified by a proof-of-concept 15-W inductor-less lithium-ion battery charger prototype that uses a 1-m USB 3.0 cable as inductor. The converter, switched at 2 MHz from a 5-V input, experimentally achieves 89.7% peak efficiency and 6% higher efficiency at full load than a Buck converter counterpart. This high efficiency and zero onboard inductor yield a relative 45.7% onboard loss reduction at full load, promising excellent integration feasibility and superior system thermal management.


Sayyed Rashid Ali Shah‡ The study investigates the effectiveness of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Public sector colleges of Pakistan. The experimental study traces improvement in comprehension and writing skills of intermediate level students (studying in grades 11 and 12). An experiment group and a control group are used to study the effects of CLT on learners' progress. A pre-test and post-test are carried out to measure any improvement in the students' cognitive learning process. The experiment group is given treatment through vigorous intervention of CLT based activities. The control group is taught through the traditional method of GTM. The data collected from the two groups are analyzed using SPSS. The results show a significant improvement in the learning process, comprehension and writing skills of the students in the experiment group. The analysis proves the appropriateness of CLT for Pakistani ESL context. * Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics, UMT Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.


This study examines whether residential and commercial real estate risks carry positive risk premiums. Real estate assets have been excluded from most of the empirical asset pricing literature because of perceived data and measurement problems. This paper shows, on the contrary, that the available data are sufficient to capture risks inherent in holding real estate assets. Using both Fama-MacBeth cross-sectional regression techniques and a stochastic discount factor GMM framework, I test whether the cross-sectional explanatory power of well-known asset pricing models can be improved by adding a real estate factor. I find strong evidence for the hypothesis that both residential and commercial real estate risks are priced by the market and therefore have a definite role in empirical asset pricing specifications. The main finding that returns to real estate improve the performance of empirical asset pricing specifications is not sensitive to the choice of assets being priced and holds for size and pre-beta sorted portfolios, size and book-to-market sorted portfolios, and portfolios in which assets are sorted initially by market value and then by sensitivity to a real estate index. The research set forth in this study is not only relevant for a better understanding of the empirical performance of linear asset pricing models but also has implications for the development of optimal investment strategies. Since most equity market investors are homeowners, the existence of a common real estate factor in asset prices has to be considered in portfolio choice decisions.


The basic theories of TOPSIS and grey correlation are studied firstly. Aiming at the quality evaluation of equipment in use-phase, the comprehensive evaluation model combined TOPSIS and grey correlation theory is built. On this basis the model is verified by the related equipment quality data of three engineering units. According to the calculation results, the evaluation method is demonstrated feasible and effective.


Pregnancy is the most attractive stage in a woman's life. Signs of risk of pregnancy include bleeding, fluid leakage from the vagina, unusual abdominal pain, cramping, pelvic pressure, headaches or blurred vision, marked swelling in the hands and face, burning urination, foul odors, chills or fever, reduced fetal movements and others with all those the mother need to knowledgeable. A descriptive (cross-sectional) design study was conducted in Al.Hilla city from the period1 st September/2018-13 th July/2019, to assess the knowledge toward the obstetric warning signs during pregnancy and to find out the relationship between the knowledge of the study sample and their demographic characteristics with obstetrical history). The sample of the study was non- probability (convenient sample)consist of(250)pregnant women. Data was collected through the use of interview technique, each participant needs(25-30)minutes to complete the form. The questionnaire was validated through a committee of(19)experts. A pilot study was conducted to determine the reliability of the instrument. The data were analyzed using statistical and descriptive data analysis methods carried out by(SPSSversion20). The results of the present study shows that the overall knowledge assessment of the pregnant women were good responses regarding warning signs during pregnancy.


This part is an aggregation of methods calculating thermodynamic properties of pseudo-components of crude oil. It plays an important role, together with the aggregation of methods calculating physical properties, in the software modeling and optimizing crude distillation based on Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems. It gives the engineers more chances to choose those methods which fit the special distillation process of their factories most. It gets good results in application to some distillation processes of a refinery.


The single-coating solid acid catalyst S /MCM-41 was synthesized by coating MCM-41 with sucrose which then was carbonized and sulfonated.After that,a double-coating catalyst P-S / MCM 41 was prepared by loading certain amount of phosphotungstic acid on the solid acid S / MCM-41.It was confirmed that the double-coating catalyst performed better than the single-coating catalyst during the biodiesel production from soybean oil and oleic acid simulated swill-cooked dirty oil.The optimal reaction conditions of biodiesel production from swill-cooked dirty oil with P-S / MCM-41 as catalyst were as follows: reaction time 7 h,reaction temperature 115 ℃,molar ratio of methanol to oil 15∶ 1,catalyst dosage 10%(based on the mass of oil).Under the conditions,the maximum yield of biodiesel could reach 94%.


Binders for at least 50 wt%, comprising the oligomer or polymer composition is formed from monomeric units of vinyl esters of versatic acid, self-polishing and / or antifouling coating composition.


Disassembly of lignin was examined in a water-phenol mixture at 673 K. No char formation was found and the 99 wt% of the products was soluble in tetrahydrofuran. We confirmed depolymerization of lignin by gel-permeation chromatography that showed smaller molecular-weight component in the product. Lignin was almost depolymerized within 6 min. The longer reaction time increased smaller molecular-weight components as low as 100 to 300. Reaction in either water or phenol resulted in the formation of char. These results indicate that water and phenol play synergetic effect in depolymerizing lignin.


When analyzing the structure of the soul, Aristotle distinguished three faculties: the theoretical, the practical and the technical one. The latter two are the focus of this paper. The division could be perceived as an abstract description of diverse functions and purposes of the faculties, but it does not imply factual dissociation between them if we take under consideration their functioning. On the contrary, Aristotle suggested that it would be impossible to detach the practical reasoning from the operational one, for the former stipulated the goal, whereas the latter provided the means for its fulfillment. The genuine intellectual disposition, which supplements the practical reason with the proper means was referred to as 'cleverness' (δeινότης). Cleverness has usually been associated with the technical faculty but it also seems to be, first and foremost, the disposition to inventiveness in a broader sense. Although Aristotle did not formulate this directly, it is plausible to view the practical and technical faculty as depending on each other, as far as their products and works are useful to pursue the practical goals and the practical reasoning determines the extent of the possibilities and limitations of their utility in the field of politics. The disposition to cleverness made the cooperation of those faculties possible.


Giovanni Andrea Doria was a prominent citizen of the Republic of Genoa as well as Prince of Melfi in the kingdom of Naples. A subject of King Philip II of Spain, King of Naples, Doria was also bound to the Spanish crown through a contractual relationship as naval condottiero, hiring out a number of his vessels to the Spanish and commanding a squadron of galleys on behalf of the king. Doria reentered the mainstream of Mediterranean history with the war for Cyprus and the naval campaign culminating in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. Doria, more than the Spanish ambassador, was able to represent Spanish interests to the Republic's senate and, through his clientele system, he was able to ensure the election of pro-Spanish figures to key posts in the Republic's government. Keywords:Giovanni Andrea Doria; King Philip II; Prince of Melfi; Spain


The purpose of this study was to establish different levels of learning satisfaction concerning bakery and confectionery institute students in relation to their educational environment as well as to determine the relationships between variables. A questionnaire was distributed to 260 students enrolled in the bakery and confectionery institute at Gyeongju in the Pohang and Ulsan area, and 242 were used in the final analysis. Collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 12.0 Windows. Results of this study can be summarized as follows. The students were mostly satisfied with the learning environment and teaching methods of the institute. A significant difference was observed between male and female students for recognizing teaching methods and major recognition. Furthermore, the educational environment and major recognition of students were positively related with learning satisfaction. Therefore, the staff at the bakery and confectionary institute should provide the proper curriculum and facilities for the students.


Although the concept of digital comes with an assumption of placelessness and detachment from physical space and geographical location, these matters still play a significant role in the way the digital humanities research is practiced today, and also in the future. The location, the surroundings and infrastructure open the questions of accessibility and equality: space shapes the opportunities for doing digital humanities research, both enables and hinders collaboration, and both unifies and divides scholars. The purpose of this special issue is to examine the different aspects of situated research practices of the digital humanities covering two perspectives: physical and virtual. The physical places of research refer to the various digital humanities sites (laboratories, centers, departments) all over the world and more widely to the surroundings a location in a particular city, country, cultural sphere or continent affecting research practices. As virtual environments of digital humanities scholarship, we define the digital internet-based platforms, services, and tools that enable research and scholarly collaboration. The aspects that determine digital humanities research in both physical and virtual places are infrastructure (material and non-material), social interaction (communication and collaboration), and context (social, cultural, and political situatedness). The aspects influence each other and changes in one of them can affect the others. They have also impact on what is studied, the ways research can be done, and, in the end the results of our knowledge, what kind of knowledge digital humanities research can provide. Digital Humanities Places and Spaces Although working in the same university and being interested in similar issues, we, the editors of this special issue, had never met until recently. As it often goes, sitting in different buildings belonging to different departments at the Otaniemi campus of the Aalto University, we were separated by the physical space and organizational structures of the university. Only the lucky coincidence that one of us had a short presentation at the "Aalto HELDIG DH pizza" event, and the other came to listen to that talk took us to the same room to talk to each other. Meeting on the same physical premises enabled us to see how close our interests and thoughts were, not only regarding pizza, but also in scholarly terms. Our story is not unique. Exploring the digital humanities (DH) matters, one cannot avoid noticing how the establishment of various DH places and their organizational changes influences how, where, and with whom we do DH research. Place plays a role in all academic disciplines, affecting the way we construct knowledge. In the DH field, which comes with a promise of utilization of "nonmaterial" and ubiquitous digital resources, there is a threat that we will forget how the place is also entangled in the digital. DH scholars work together in a physical place — a center and a laboratory — in which an infrastructure, facilities, and equipment determine the knowledge creation practices. DH researchers also collaborate in virtual space — online platforms and virtual research environments — in which an infrastructure, connection, and operation affect the work and research communication. The algorithms and designs of digital analysis and collaboration tools direct the way we work and what kinds of practices are not doable. Further, DH scholars also practice and collaborate in temporary places like hackathons and summer schools established around particular topics


Health Net, Inc. is a publicly traded health plan that provides benefits to approximately 6.7 million individuals across the country through group, individual, Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE and Veterans Affairs programs. Our organization first considered a residency program in managed care to be a "


Dissociations and reactions induced by impact of acetonitrile monomer ions (CH3CN+, CD3CN+), dimer ions [(CH3CN)2+, (CD3CN)2+] and trimer ions [(CD3CN)3+] on a hydrocarbon-covered stainless-steel surface were investigated over the projectile energy range of 3–70 eV. Both simple dissociations of the projectile ion and chemical reactions of H-atom transfer from the surface material (followed by dissociations of the protonated projectile ion formed) were observed for the monomer ions. Results obtained for the dimer ions (CD3CN)2+ indicate the formation of the protonated acetonitrile ions via surface-induced reactions in two ways: (i) an intracluster ion–molecule reaction followed by dissociation to form CD3CND+, and (b) a hydrogen pick-up reaction from the surface material during the interaction of the dimer ion with the surface leading to CD3CNH+. A simple model based on the Brauman double-well potential—suggested earlier to explain the occurrence of analogous reactions in acetone cluster ion/surface intera...


System Management Mode (SMM) is a special x86 processor mode that privileged software such as kernels or hypervisors cannot access or interrupt. Previously, it has been assumed that time spent in SMM would be relatively small and therefore its side effects on privileged software were unimportant; recently, researchers have proposed uses, such as security-related checks, that would greatly increase the amount of runtime spent in this mode. We present the results of a detailed performance study to characterize the performance impacts of SMM, using measurement infrastructure we have developed. Our study includes impact to application, system, and hypervisor. We show there can be clear negative effects from prolonged preemptions. However, if SMM duration is kept within certain ranges, perturbation caused by SMIs may be kept to a minimum.


(Each chapter begins with an Introduction and ends with Conclusions.) Preface. Can We Really Cover All That? Book Organization. Acknowledgments and Reflections. 1. What Is a Network Application Framework? Object Technology and Distributed Objects. The Study of Object-Oriented Concepts and Component Models. Categories of Object Technology. Object Terminology and Concepts. Directory Services. Characteristics of Directory Services. Directory Services and the Network. Transaction Services. Security Services. Networking Services. Retransmission and Flow Control. Byte Overhead. Character Echo. Packet Size and Queuing. Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and Development Platform Services. File- and Printer-Sharing Services. 2. Core Network Application Framework Technologies. Core Security Technologies. Public Key Cryptography. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocols. IP-Level Security (IPSEC). Kerberos. Remote Procedure Call (RPC). Application Development Concerns. Standard RPC Implementations. Data Representation. Transactional RPC (TxRPC). Security. API Programming. Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA): Awakening of the Object Web. Introduction to CORBA. Interfaces: Standardizing Information Passing Between Objects. Hop on the Object Bus: The Object Request Broker (ORB). Static Versus Dynamic Object Discovery. Distributed Object Communication: Inter-ORB Standards and IIOP. CORBA Value-Added Services. CORBA Versus RPC. X.500 and Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Version 3 (LDAPv3). X.500. LDAPv3. 3. The TCP/IP Protocol Suite. IP, TCP, and UDP. IP in Detail. TCP in Detail. UDP in Detail. Application Design. TCP and UDP Security and WAN Efficiency. Protocol Security: A Closer Look. Tapping and Sniffing. TFTP and Security. BOOTP/DHCP and Security. DNS and Security. SNMP and Security. Efficiency: A Closer Look. TELNET and Efficiency. X-Terminal and Efficiency. TFTP and Efficiency. SNMP and Efficiency. The World of Internet Addressing. Subnet Masks: Organizing Your Network Address Space. Variable-Length Subnet Masks (VLSM): Conserving Your Address Space. 4. IP Routing. The Autonomous System (AS): Keeping Things Separate. Fundamental Routing Characteristics. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). ARP Example. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) for IPv4. IP Routing Protocols. Routing Information Protocol Version 1 (RIPv1). Routing Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2). Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Protocol. Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) and Enhanced Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4). 5. Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6). Datagram Header Format and Options. The Minimum IPv6 Header. Extension Headers. Addressing. Hexadecimal Representation. Structure and Assignment. Autoconfiguration. Address Resolution. Impact on Applications. IPv4/IPv6 Migration and Interoperability. 6. The Open Group Distributed Computing Environment (DCE). DCE: Not Necessarily an Operating System. DCE Security Service. Tickets and PACs. Security Database. Security API. DCE Directory Service. DCE File Service (DFS). DCE Time Service (DTS). DCE Threads. A Platform-Independent API. Threads Application Development. DCE and CORBA. DCE Interoperability. 7. Microsoft and WOSA. Vision. Components of the Microsoft Network Application Framework. Service Provider Interface (SPI) Architecture. Multitasking, Synchronization, and Threads. Local Interprocess Communication. Networking. Transports. Remote Interprocess Communication. WNet( ) APIs. NetBIOS. Berkeley (BSD) Sockets and Windows Sockets Specification (WinSock). Open Database Connectivity (ODBC). Messaging API (MAPI). Simple Microsoft Messaging API (MAPI). Common Messaging Call (CMC). Extended MAPI. Telephony API (TAPI). Microsoft Distributed Object Framework. Evolution of COM: The Art of All That Is "X". COM Wrapping: Microsoft Interface Definition Language (MIDL). COM: A Binary Standard. ActiveX Security. Containers. COM, Clustering, and Middleware. Microsoft Message Queue Server (MSMQ). Distributed COM (DCOM): COM with a Longer Wire. COM+. Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS): Managing Objects in the Enterprise. MTS Services and Architecture. MTS and Object Pooling. MTS and Object Creationism. MTS and Object Security. COM Transaction Integrator for CICS and IMS (Cedar): Integrating with SNA/Mainframe Technology. COM, CORBA, and JavaBeans: Friendly Fire and Interoperability. COM Versus Java RMI Versus CORBA. COM/CORBA Interoperability. Universal Data Architecture (UDA), ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), and OLE-DB. Internationalization. 8. The NT 4 Directory Service. Directory Structure. The Application of Groups Within Domains. Domains in More Detail. Domains and Groups. Access Control Lists. Trust Management. Directionality of Trust and Human Relationships. Summary of Design Rules. Directory Service Topologies. Single Domain. Single Master Domain. Multiple Master Domain. Complete Trust. Interoperability and Migration. 9. NT 5 Active Directory Services. Standards Supported. DNS. Kerberos and SSPI. X.500. ADSI, LDAP, and MAPI. Directory Structure. Objects, Users, Groups, Resources, and OUs. Naming, Domains, and Trees. Kerberos: Guarding the "Forest." The Global Catalogue: Make It Snappy. Domain Controllers. Name Interference. Trust Management. Interoperability and Migration. 10. Novell NetWare. NetWare 3.x. Core Protocols and Functions. Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX). Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX). Service Advertisement Protocol (SAP) and the Bindery: Precursor to a Directory. Routing Protocols: RIP, NLSP, and EIGRP. NetWare Core Protocol (NCP). Application Development. NetWare 4.x/IntraNetWare. NetWare Directory Services (NDS). Containers and Leaf Objects: Organizing People, Resources, and Services. Trust Management and Inherited Rights Filter (IRF). Security: Authentication and Authorization. Partitions and Replicas: Designing for Reliability and Performance. NDS for NT: Integrating with Microsoft NT Domains. LDAP Services for NDS. NetWare 3.x/4.x Integration with TCP/IP. NetWare and IBM SNA Integration. NetWare 5: The Dawn of Native TCP/IP over NetWare. Modern Novell Application Development: Java, CORBA, and the Directory Service. 11. IBM. An IBM Time Line and Computer Systems Overview. The Time Line. Processors and Architectures. Mainframe Operating Systems and Applications. Mainframe Access with Terminals. SNA Components: Physical Units and Logical Units. The Systems Network Architecture (SNA) Layered Model. IBM Networking. The First Networking Intelligence Assumption: The Desktop Has None. Making It Dynamic: APPN. Networking Media and Methods. IBM Transaction Series Systems: The Customer Information Control System (CICS). Integrating CICS with the Web. CICS Gateway for Java. CICS Internet Gateway. The IBM 3270 Java Emulator. 12. Design Rule Summary. Tables. Index. 0201309505T04062001


A study of the causes of sudden natural deaths associated with commercial air travel, during the period February 1979 to January 1982 at the world's busiest international airport (Heathrow, London) was undertaken. Amongst long-distance passengers, fatal pulmonary embolism caused 18 per cent of deaths, 81.8 per cent occurring amongst females.


Mark G. Malvasi teaches history at Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, Virginia, and is the author of The Unregenerate South: The Agrarian Thought of John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate, and Donald Davidson (Louisiana State University Press, 1998). The theme of this "historical meditation" is the crisis and decline of civilization in the West during the twentieth century. That perspective is the product both of an individual temperament and also of a historical consciousness. One hundred, or even fifty, years hence neither the temperament nor the perspective may matter very much. But I am of the twentieth century and can see only where the past has brought us, not where the future may take us. I am a skeptic and a pessimist, although I am not a fatalist. Somewhat like those scientists who discern evidence of divine intelligence in the order and intricacy of nature, I have sought always to glimpse the hand of God moving beneath the surface of this confusing and chaotic age.


The present invention discloses a binder for a lithium or lithium-sulfur battery, and a method of manufacturing a pole piece and a battery. The binder for a lithium battery or a lithium sulfur battery is esterified pectins and derivatives thereof, having excellent adhesion and water-soluble, no special treatment may be prepared directly a homogeneous slurry with the present binders invention can be prepared a dense and uniform pole pieces. Meanwhile, the binder of the present invention may also be a composite with one or more other water-soluble binder to form a composite water-soluble binder. According to the present invention and an adhesive sheet made of a composite electrode type water-soluble binder of the present invention is applied to lithium ion batteries and lithium sulfur batteries, lithium ion batteries and capable of lithium-sulfur battery with high capacity and good cycle characteristics .


Smoking is one of the major modifiable etiological factors of multiple morbidities. Convincing evidences are available to establish the causal influence of smoking on cancers, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory morbidities and reproductive dysfunctions. The main culprit responsible for smoking-associated morbidities and mortality is nicotine. Youngsters accidentally experiment smoking, get addicted to smoking which pushes the into the dark era of associated morbidities. With a view of reducing exposure to toxicants in cigarettes, reducednicotine cigarettes (RNCs) were introduced with a belief that they would reduce the incidence of addiction and thus the incidence of associated morbidities. These RNCs were introduced as a result of nicotine reduction policy implemented by the US government. Recent evidences have demonstrated that RNCs are safer than conventional cigarettes in many aspects. This article describes the challenges involved in effective functioning of nicotine reduction policy and adds a note on future prospects to enhance the outcomes.


Based on the demonstration application and integrated innovation of green highway construction in Sanming section of Puyan expressway, this paper comprehensively implements the new concept, new technology and new system of green highway construction, promotes the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements of green highway, and improves the management level of highway construction.


Can the "Martians" and the "Venusians" stop arguing long enough to figure out a way to retrieve the students lost in cyberspace? Mr. Wagner may have the answer. With due apologies to John Gray, it isn't just men and women who live on different planets; it is also most of the people who say they want school reform. Liberals are from Mars; conservatives are from Venus. The students are lost in cyberspace. The "high-standards" Martians believe that schools must hold all students and teachers accountable for dramatically higher standards of achievement and performance. They talk a lot about "outcomes," "benchmarks," "rubrics," and new curriculum "frameworks." With all this Martianese in the air, it's hard to know what their real vision for school reform is. But, in fact, what they probably want is for most public schools to look like the better private schools where most students take three years of tough math and science courses, learn how to write critical essays about Shakespeare, and so on. Now these "high-standards" folks seem to think the combination of new state curriculum guidelines and big bucks for "professional development" will get us good public "private" schools. In their view, all that schools really need to get better are the right curriculum and properly trained teachers. (They don't talk much about things like school boards and district offices. Perhaps they believe they're going to go away.) Then there are the "back-to-the-basics" folks from Venus. They believe the new teaching reforms that the liberal Martians are so proud of - whole language, cooperative learning, heterogeneous grouping, "outcomes-based" education, and so on - are part of the problem, not part of the solution! All this talk about improving students' self-esteem and all this fuzzy language about "problem-solving," they believe, has "dumbed down" the curriculum. "Why can't we just go back to teaching the three R's?" they want to know. And while we're at it, let's make sure there's more safety, order, and discipline! And then there are the "character education" folks. They're often allied with the "back-to-basics" Venusians, but they're less interested in school reform than in reforming student character. They want to make sure lots of "moral" books are read and discussed, so that the values of patriotism, honesty, respect for authority, and so on are inculcated. And finally, there are the "free market" folks, who conduct trade between planets. They're really not on anybody's side when it comes to the content of school reform. They believe that bureaucratic monopolies are the problem and that more autonomous schools and free market "choice" are the solutions. Let parents decide whether they want new curriculum frameworks and authentic assessment or the three R's, desks in rows, and multiple-choice tests every Friday. With this kind of polarization and angry debate becoming increasingly common in many communities, it is no wonder that schools aren't changing. There is no agreement about what they should change to. Meanwhile, no one is talking about how we're going to motivate children to learn. Whether it's high standards or the basics, whether it's in suburban schools or urban schools, whether parents choose the schools or not, today's young people are less motivated to learn. An increasingly serious side effect of our consumer-driven, high-tech age is the addiction of many students to passive consumption and instant gratification. Like an atrophied muscle, students' capacity for concentration has also been diminished by this addiction to the no-effort, multimedia drug. Many students are truly lost in cyberspace, caught halfway between television fantasies of fame and fortune and the netherworld of Nintendo. If you think students are as easy to teach as they have always been, go visit some classrooms, and see the intellectual and physical slouching for yourself. Then talk to the teachers - or better, the students. …


Several lines of evidence suggest that humans may be sensitive to the scale at which environmental problems occur, and that humans perceive to be more urgent those environmental problems that happen over relatively shorttime duration and at relatively local-spatial scales, compared with those that happen over greater spans of time and space. If this is true, then solutions to environmental problems should be planned accordingly: i.e. incentive-based strategies to promote some type of conservation may be more easily implemented, and most appropriately socially-based, for environmental problems that occur at the smaller societal scales. For those that occur at the larger societal scales, incentive-based strategies may be most appropriately economically-based, and are likely to be more difficult to implement, than the socially-based ones at the smaller societal scales. This theory is explored in the context of municipal solid wastes. There is some support for the general arguments in that various types of economic incentives have been effective in reducing household wastes across the scale of cities, and some more socially-based incentives appear to be effective in small town/neighbourhood settings, though much work on these issues remains to be done.


This paper presents kinematic equations and solutions for an in-parallel actuated robotic mechanism based on Stewart's platform. These equations are required for inverse position and resolved rate (inverse velocity) platform control. NASA LaRC has a Vehicle Emulator System (VES) platform designed by MIT which is based on Stewart's platform. The inverse position solution is straight-forward and computationally inexpensive. Given the desired position and orientation of the moving platform with respect to the base, the lengths of the prismatic leg actuators are calculated. The forward position solution is more complicated and theoretically has 16 solutions. The position and orientation of the moving platform with respect to the base is calculated given the leg actuator lengths. Two methods are pursued in this paper to solve this problem. The resolved rate (inverse velocity) solution is derived. Given the desired Cartesian velocity of the end-effector, the required leg actuator rates are calculated. The Newton-Raphson Jacobian matrix resulting from the second forward position kinematics solution is a modified inverse Jacobian matrix. Examples and simulations are given for the VES.


Provided are a semiconductor package and a method of fabricating the same. The package substrate includes a hole, which may be used to form a mold layer without any void. The mold layer may be partially removed to expose a lower conductive pattern. Accordingly, it is possible to improve routability of solder balls.


ABSTRACT. Yaws is a chronic, relapsing disease of skin, bone, and cartilage caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue. Yaws was last reported in Nigeria in 1996, although neighboring countries have recently reported cases. We investigated serological evidence for yaws among children aged 0–14 years in Nigeria by measuring antibodies to the treponemal antigens rp17 and TmpA in blood specimens from a 2018 nationally representative HIV survey using a multiplex bead assay. The presence of antibodies to both antigens ("double positive") likely reflects current or recent treponemal infection. Overall, 1.9% (610/31,549) of children had anti-TmpA antibodies, 1.5% (476/31,549) had anti-rp17 antibodies, and 0.1% (39/31,549) were double positive. Among households, 0.5% (84/18,021) had a double-positive child, with a clustering of double-positive children. Although numbers are low, identification of antibodies to both TmpA and rp17 may warrant investigation, including more granular epidemiologic and clinical data, to assess the potential for continuing yaws transmission in Nigerian children.


This paper describes a pioneering design and optimization methodology that provides a remarkable die area reduction of robust analog Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) Integrated Circuits (ICs) by using a computational tool based on artificial intelligence (iMTGSPICE) and the Diamond layout style for MOSFETs. The validation of this innovative optimization strategy for analog CMOS ICs was made for an Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTA) by using 180 nm CMOS ICs technology. The main finding of this work reports a remarkable reduction of the total die area of a robust OTA around 30%, regarding the use of Diamond MOSFETs with alfa angles of 45° when compared to the one implemented with standard rectangular MOSFETs.


Summary form only. Recently there is a growing interest in atmospheric trace pollutants detection. One way to measure it is to use optical methods, i.e. laser absorption spectroscopy. As most of pollutants have absorption lines in the infrared region, a good way to detect them is to use a tunable infrared source with a high sensitivity detection method. The whole device we use with intracavity difference frequency generation+cavity ring down spectroscopy is a promising tool to measure atmospheric pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOC).


Objective: To investigate the effect of high glucose on the production of NO, NOS and ICAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV304), and to further study the intervention of tea polyphenols (TPs). Methods: ECV304 was cultured in DMEM medium with or without high glucose. The experiment was divided into four groups randomly: control group, high glucose group, TPs group and TPs treatment group. Metabolic production of NO, NO2-/NO3-(NOX-) and the activity of NOS in supernatant were detected by HNO3 reductase and spectrophotometry assay respectively. Meanwhile ICAM-1 mRNA expression in cells were measured by RT-PCR and protein levels on cell membrane was determined by ELISA. Results: The content of NO, the activity of NOS, ICAM-1 mRNA expression and protein level were found to be significantly increased in high glucose group compared with control group(P 0.01), and ICAM-1 protein expression was time-dependent; compared with high glucose group, the content of NO, the activity of NOS, ICAM-1 mRNA expression and protein level were found to be markedly decreased in TPs treatment group(P 0.01). Conclusion: Results suggest that the activation of NOS and NO release , the up-regulation of ICAM-1 mRNA and protein expression in endothelial cells under high glucose play an important role in the early phase of diabetes mellitus and TPs has a significantly protective effect.


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Pemphigus is often difficult to manage disease, which involves, apart from the pharmacological management, maintaining the environmental temperature and humidity within a narrow range as the loss of skin easily result in thermal and hydration imbalance.1 While this might be easy to do this in a well-equipped hospital with airconditioning, but turns out to be difficult in a low resource set-up.


OPC appearance is application procedure and locale course application that sets up bridge based on Windows,it regulates the interface standard,so that the users can use uniform mode to visit it in different hardware equipment.Therefore,it realizes a whole automatization integration scheme.When different businessmen provide the subsystems,the series products of over network SCALANCE X based on Simens industry build an optical fiber redundant ring net.Network internet and data exchange are set up through OPC technology.At the same time,the central monitoring system is built,it bears monitoring platform,data integration,filing,promulgation and alarm.The scheme gets rid of heavy and complicated communicating design.The structure is clear,simple and convenient and bears a strong and extending capacity.It provides a pursuant example for the central monitoring system design.


subjected to much repetitive study with the result that any new publication on this subject will inevitably face difliculties in attracting scholarly attention. What happened in Bengal in the late eighteenth and nineteenth century was indeed very interesting and can be the subject of a long series of studies and research monographs. But the social, cultural and intellectual processes of the period have almost invariably been considered in terms of individual roles, social reform movements, new education, etc. The historian need not consciously interpret past events in terms of contemporary reality but he can ignore this reality at his own peril. The questions that are now being asked of Bengal's past may not all have an academic value, but they, nevertheless, reflect a genuine frustration with the academic or semi-academic works on the Bengal renaissance.


How can bearings run even faster and however stay reliable? This is the complex question that try to answer
manufacturers using hybrid bearings with steel rings and ceramic rolling elements. Under extreme conditions, as for
example within an airplane turbofan, bearings need to be simultaneously efficient at high speeds and robust facing the
recurrent problem of debris contamination. This study highlights the new perspectives, offered by the use in bearings
of such hybrid ceramic/steel couples. The work compares particle flow simulations that reveal particle entrapment
tendencies with experiments using contaminated lubricant that report effective debris entrapments. Thus it allows to
underline both the interesting abilities and the remaining issues of this technology.


Powder-based additive manufacturing of polymers and metals has evolved from a prototyping technology to an industrial process for the fabrication of small to medium series of complex geometry parts. Unfortunately due to the processing of powder as a basis material and the successive addition of layers to produce components, a significant surface roughness inherent to the process has been observed since the first use of such technologies. A novel characterization method based on an elastomeric pad coated with a reflective layer, the Gelsight, was found to be reliable and fast to characterize surfaces processed by selective laser sintering (SLS) of polymers. With help of this method, a qualitative and quantitative investigation of SLS surfaces is feasible. Repeatability and reproducibility investigations are performed for both 2D and 3D areal roughness parameters. Based on the good results, the Gelsight is used for the optimization of vertical SLS surfaces. A model built on laser scanning parameters is proposed and after confirmation could achieve a roughness reduction of 10% based on the Sq parameter. The Gelsight could be successfully identified as a fast, reliable and versatile surface topography characterization method as it applies to all kind of surfaces.


The resolution of the problems in the de-ironing operation of valveless filters enables them to meet the designed capacity, improves their operating stability, and heighten the pass rate of their water quality to or over 98%. What's more, it's easier to operate and manage them with the improvement.


any physically reasonable set of transition-state and Eckart barrier parameters. Similarly, the fitted TST-Eckart curve was also found to be lower than the data points of Anastasis based on the rate of disappearance of methyl radicals, which, however, have been shown to be subject to substantial error due to the omission of other potential CH3 loss reactions.25 Our success in modeling the experimental data suggests that it is not necessary to appeal to an additional high-temperature reaction channel in order to explain the non-Arrhenius behavior. This is a reassuring conclusion, since the other likely candidate, CH, + C H 2 0 C H 3 C H 0 + H, involves a much tighter transition state and was shown by kinetic modeling to be unimportant


Through the combination of recursive formulas of Volterra Series and Block-Pulse Function Tranform (BPFT), a new method of hybrid model identification was proposed for a class of nonlinear dynamic networks, and the corresponding expressions and the solution methods for dynamic responses were derived. Based upon this hybrid model, the fault location method for nonlinear networks was proposed by using multipreset models. This method could avoid the current model of the on-line computer system. Therefore, it is easy to realize on-line fault location.


The article establishes a dialogue between the "activity theory" by Leontiev (1960), and continuing education of teachers in service by Alvarado Prada (2010), thus contributing to the conceptual and practical field of teacher education. For Leontiev adult human psyche develops at work and in their relations with other men. Alvarado Prada addresses the continuing education of teachers in service as that which occurs in the space / time teacher's work and its training content to their own pedagogical practice. The major contributions and reflections made by Alvarado Prada point to a fruitful dialogue with the foundations of activity theory of Leontiev, since, by defending the training of teachers in service as something essential for the development of this work, builds his conception of training based on the principle that man is formed in the core of his material life, as well as proposed Leontiev.


In this paper,a new simple MANETs MAC scheme ---distributed asynchronous PRMA(DAPRMA)is pre-sented.It' s major characteristics are a reserv ation mechanism for voice traffic wi thout relying on any central entity a nd a simple solution for the asynchrony clocks a mong nodes within the MANETs,it can a void difficulties in realization of synchronization in MANETs.


As a result of advances in photography and printing by the 1860s, the American Civil War was the first conflict with extensive visual documentation. Even with the many photographers and artists in the field covering life in camp, on the march, and the battlefield, huge gaps exist in the visual record of the war. Still, the photographers and artists of the era captured far more of war than had previously been possible. Whether from the relative comfort of their studios or in the field with the troops, photographers captured images of the war's people and places. Artists, often traveling with the armies, sketched scenes of life in camp, on the march, and in battle. Prints of these works filled the pages of periodicals such as Harper's Weekly and Frank Leslie's Illustrated Weekly, serving as an important visual source of the war. Soldiers and sailors engaged in art to pass the time and document their experience. From the routine and whimsical to the bloody horrors of battle, their art remains a significant resource. The Filson has been collecting and preserving photographs, prints, and artwork since its founding in 1884. In the one hundred thirty years since then, it has amassed a large and important collection of Civil War images. Some images date from The Filson's founders who served in the conflict; others have been acquired more recently. Altogether, the collection provides a significant pictorial source for documenting soldiers and their families, for understanding the appearance of the countryside and towns in the 1860s, and for visualizing the battles and campaigns of the war. The images that follow represent only a small cross-section of the images in The Filson's collection that document this tragic and most bloody of conflicts in American history. James J. Holmberg Curator of Special Collections Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner (1823-1914), Confederate States Army. Photograph by Phillips & Krementz, Louisville. Photographers commonly copied the work of others, especially of popular figures such as generals of both armies. Phillips & Krementz likely did so here, because Buckner almost certainly did not visit Louisville in uniform during the war or in the immediate postwar years.


The behavior of crystalline α-quartz under hydrostatic pressure is studied via total-energy calculations based on the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave method, within the local-density approximation. By examining recent experimental data and our theoretical results, the structural properties of α-quartz near and above the transition to the amorphous state are determined. Our results indicate that the SiO 2 tetrahedra distort, with a regular and slight decrease of the mean distance Si-O; the interpolyhedral Si-O-Si angles and the O-O distances decrease below the smallest value experimentally observed on ordered silicates, with a dramatic reduction of the structural voids


The paper is focused to provide the insights of climate to the clients from various businesses, e.g, agriculturists, researchers etc., to comprehend the significance of changes in climate and atmosphere parameters like precipitation, temperature, humidity etc. Precipitation estimate is one of the critical investigations in field of meteorological research. In order to predict precipitation, an endeavor is made to a couple of factual procedures and machine learning techniques to forecast and estimate meteorological parameters. For experimentation purpose daily observations were considered. The accuracy assessment of forecasting model experimentation is done using validation of results with ground truth. The experimentation demonstrates that for forecasting meteorological parameters ARIMA and Neural Network works best, and best classification accuracy in comparison to other machine learning algorithms for forecasting precipitation for next season was given by Random Forest model.


MgO{center{underscore}dot}nAl{sub 2}O{sub 3} spinel single crystals can be deformed plastically at high temperatures, displaying a range of interesting features. Stress-strain curves often exhibit strong work hardening followed by prominent work softening due to glide and climb processes. The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) at a given temperature decreases dramatically, by almost 2 orders of magnitude, with increasing deviation from stoichiometry, i.e., as n increases from 1 to 3.5. The CRSS is proportional to exp({minus}T/T{sub 0}) and to [V{sub c}]{sup {minus}2}, where T is the temperature in kelvin, T{sub 0} a characteristic temperature, and [V{sub c}] the concentration of charge-compensating cation vacancies. The Burgers vector is 1/2{l{underscore}angle}110{r{underscore}angle}, and slip can occur on {l{underscore}brace}111{r{underscore}brace} and {l{underscore}brace}110{r{underscore}brace} planes. Slip on {l{underscore}brace}111{r{underscore}brace} planes is believed to occur between the Kagome cation layer and the adjacent anion layer. Slip on {l{underscore}brace}110{r{underscore}brace} planes is slightly easier (and has a higher T{sub 0}), because the planes are more widely separated. The temperature dependence of the CRSS can be explained in terms of the Peierls stress for partial dislocations, either in terms of a steep and high Peierls potential or in terms of temperature and stress-dependent kink diffusion. The dependence of CRSS on [V{sub c}]{sup {minus}2} can bemore » explained in terms of kink nucleation at cation vacancies.« less


In this paper, we investigate a relay-assisted cooperative spectrum sharing for the considered non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme in cognitive radio networks, where the relay node assists the base station (BS) to transmit the superimposed composite signal to two receivers by utilizing an amplified-and-forward (AF) technique with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). The exact expressions for outage probabilities of two receivers are derived in closed forms. Moreover, a joint optimization of power allocation and the proportion of information splitting for energy harvesting is proposed in terms of energy efficiency (EE) maximization under required data reliability. Simulation results validate the analytical results since the analytical results match well with simulation results and demonstrate the performance advantages of the proposed scheme over other schemes and direct transmission.


Objective To investigate and analyze the psychological characteristics and problems of migrants in the three gorge reservoir area,and provide scientific basis for government to make resettlement policy.MethodsThis study applied a method combined by quantitative study and qualitative study,they quantitative method mainly used investigation with questionnaires;Qualitative method was mainly included in-depth interview for migrants and key-informant interview for the leaders of relocating.ResultsThe constituent ratio of occupations,main economic sources and general life quality of migrants had great changed after migrating. The levels of psychosocial stress of migrants were significantly higher than that of local residents,who had obvious anxious psychology,and the psychological problems of old and female migrants became more serious.ConclusionGovernment should increase economic support for migrants,and the work of psychological health should be emphasized on aged people and women.


Alone together is a situation where someone is in a situation of being together with other people, but the person prefers to be cool with himself until togetherness is felt to be less meaningful. This is thought to be triggered by the uncertainty of the relationship caused by lack of skills in milki in building social relations. In undergoing interactions with people, communication is said to be effective if it is characterized by good interpersonal relationships. The need to have interpersonal communication skills within oneself is able to build social relationships of each individual and be able to reduce Alone together. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of interpersonal communication with Alone together in public spaces. This study used quantitative correlational research with UCLA Loneliness Scale and Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale as the instrument. Furthermore, the research used Accidental Sampling Technique to pick 305 respondents as the research subject. The result of the study that gained from Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were resulted (r -0,559 and sig < 0,000). It can be concluded that there is a relationship between interpersonal communication and alone together in public space. In a sense, the higher the interpersonal communication skills of individuals, the lower the feelings of Alone together are felt.


Generally, mine planning is undertaken towards the development of production plans using fixed parameters, which provide little flexibility towards changing production plans in case of unplanned events. Therefore, it is important to introduce variables during the planning process, which would allow the mine planning to have a better alignment with real mining conditions and would allow the decrease in the operational uncertainty towards the development of a more agile production plan. The mine layout grows every day but it is very common that the equipment productivity is calculated with fixed parameters, which does not consider the size of the new developments and, thus, it does not consider the changing performance of the equipment, which will affect the mine production because of the associated changes in haulage time, variability in the equipment ́s tasks and other influences resulting from the changing mine layout. This paper evaluates influence of the changes in the equipment performances over a shortand medium-term mine plans on the mine production. The results show that the change in scheduling and sequencing of the activities and the new mine plan are more realistic when equipment performance is included in the evaluation in comparison with a scheduling that only considers resources constraints. The methodology was developed using tools currently available at the DELPHOS Mine Planning Laboratory, UDESS and DSIM, and by simulating the working scenario with varying performance of the equipment.


Like many other European countries, Denmark has also had challenges in promoting integration in health care. The Danish health care system is well organised in both its primary health care (general practitioners and municipalities) and secondary health care (hospitals) sectors. However, the relation between the two sectors often lacks coordination and other mediating structures.The latest and most comprehensive reform of Danish local administration, the 'structural reform' from (2007) has tried to address these grey zones, silo-style-thinking and unclear division of responsibility. In the meantime, the reform can hardly be labeled a resounding success in terms of improving integration in the Danish health system. It has turned out that integration and coordination problems in health care cannot be solved simply by administrative restructuring.


List of Figures. Preface. Introduction. 1 Policy Matters! 2 Discipline and Chaos: the New Right and Discourses of Derision 3 The New Right and Education Policy 4 Industrial Training or New Vocationalism? Structures and Discourses 5 Towards the Post-Fordist School? 6 Curriculum plc: the ERA, policy, partnerships and the school curriculum 7 Colouring in the boxes: the struggles over a National Curriculum 8 Endnote. Appendix 1 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations. Appendix 2 List of Interviewees and Comment on Interviews. References. Index.


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Leaves of Phaseolus coccineus were exposed to high concentrations of KCI (0.1-0.3 M) for periods of 4-5 hr, or to ethyl alcohol (5-30%) for periods of 2 hr. The treatment started at various phases of the free-running circadian rhythm in continuous light. Whereas the K+ pulses induced only advance phase shifts, i.e., shortening of the periods, the alcohol pulses caused stronger advances and also slight delays, i.e., lengthening of the periods. These delays became stronger with lower concentrations of alcohol (1.7%) applied for a longer time. The lengthening effect by alcohol supplied continuously depends on the intensity of light. The rather high intensity of 3500 lux, resulting in very long free-running periods of about 29 hr, inhibits a further strong lengthening by alcohol. The phases reacting with advances to K+ and to alcohol are about the same phases that respond to light pulses with advances. The advances are reached at earlier phases of the circadian cycle when the concentration of alcohol or the strength of the light pulse is increased. The phases that respond with advances are those which, according to earlier publications, are within the energy-independent part of the cycle. The phases responding with delays belong to the energy-requiring part of the cycle. Consequently, it is suggested that advances are due to accelerated membrane depolarization and delays are due to stabilizing effects on membranes. Light-dark cycles usually are the most effective means to entrain the circadian rhythms of plants and animals to exactly 24 hr. This entrainment is possible by phase shifts which are either advances (shortening of the periods) or delays (lengthening of the periods). Certain phases of the circadian cycle react with advances, other phases with delays, to light perturbations offered during continuous darkness (DD). Experiments testing the several phases of the whole circadian cycle result in well-known phase-response curves. The phase-response curves are similar when pulses of high-intensity light are offered during continuous light (LL) of lower light intensity. These phase shifts are connected with influences on K+ fluxes (1). Consequently, high K+ pulses (2), as well as influences of valinomycin on the K+ fluxes (3), can result in phase shifts, which to a certain extent resemble the light-induced phase shifts. Valinomycin, on the other hand, does not influence the final K+ concentration, but only accelerates the equilibration (4). Thus the process underlying light-induced phase shifts must be more complex. Pulses of valinomycin can induce strong advances of the circadian rhythm in Phaseolus, but the possible delaying effect of valinomycin is much smaller than the possible delaying effect of light. Consequently, valinomycin proved to have no lengthening effect on the periods when supplied continuously over several periods. But continuous white or red light results in an increase in the periods of Phaseolus by about 2 hr, as compared with the DD controls. In the experiments described here, we attempt to further elucidate these phenomena by a systematic investigation of the influences of pulses of K+ and of ethyl alcohol. The continuous presence of alcohol is known to have a strong lengthening influence on the periods in plants (5) and in animals (6). This influence is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the above-mentioned influence of LL in the case of Phaseolus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiments were performed with detached plants of Phaseolus coccineus in growth chambers at 210 and with white LL of 3500 lux, from fluorescent tubes. The periods of the free-running rhythm are about 29 hr under these conditions. Pulses of KCl or of ethyl alcohol reached the leaves by way of the transpiration stream. All the values given in the text and in the figures are mean values from 5 to 11 experiments. Standard errors were always around i 1 hr.


The fact that Thailand's energy policy has set a new renewable energy target of 30% of 10 total final energy consumption by 2036. It also has the potential of solar energy and community 11 demands in remote areas. However, most of the renewable energy technology will still be able to 12 achieve renewable energy goals, similar to the case of the national policy that promotes Solar Home 13 System (SHS) in remote areas, lack of good handling. Therefore, achieving the goal of the renewable 14 energy policy should be in position using the right strategy. This article presents the result of a case 15 study in the Akha upland community, northern Thailand, where we used the mixing method and 16 factor analysis to analyze strategies for SHS related criteria. The key scopes and challenge included 17 bottom-up planning concepts and subsidies from expert persons, while contributions to factors have 18 an impact on developing sustainable SHS, include the creating approval of SHS technologies, 19 developing of SHS management, promoting of SHS technologies, and supporting of SHS policies, 20 respectively. Mainly, social factors provide positive effects, which thus influence the sustainable 21 development of process SHS in terms of the creation of approval. Furthermore, there should be 22 managed appropriately for each community, for the positive imagery of solar power. 23


The vertebrate skin is a barrier-forming organ in which keratinocytes form a highly organized, stratified epithelium protecting the organism from the outside environment. One of the major regulators of this structure is Notch signaling. Notch is a transmembrane receptor interacting with ligands expressed on the surface of neighboring keratinocytes. Keratinocyte-specific deletion of Notch signaling pathway impairs epidermal differentiation, resulting in skin-barrier defects and skin carcinogenesis. Our laboratory, by a genetic approach in mice, demonstrates that combined inactivation of Epsin1 and Epsin2 genes leads to embryonic lethality around E9.5-10. The phenotype of Epn1;Epn2 double knockout is characterized by a subversion of the three main developmental programs active at this developmental stage, i.e., cardiovascular development, somitogenesis, and neural tube differentiation. Collectively, these morphological alterations resemble the developmental defects observed in mutants of Notch genes or in genes essential for the activation of the Notch signaling pathway, suggesting a crucial role of Epsin in enabling Notch signaling during embryogenesis. Intriguingly, the apparently healthy Epn1+/-;Epn2-/- shows an high incidence of squamous papillomas on their skin. Furthermore, expression of another epsin family member originally localized exclusively to surface epithelia, Epsin3, dramatically increases in the hyperplastic lesions of the three-allele mutants and in human basal carcinomas. In order to get further insight on Epn3 function we performed morphological expression analyses during mouse development. In contrast with initial reports, both in embryos and adults, we could detect various levels of Epn3 expression in several tissues, i.e., surface epithelia, neural tissue and heart. Moreover, in vitro studies performed on human keratinocytes in culture show a prominent role of this Epsin in the regulation of Notch signaling in this cell compartment.


Background To determine the feasibility of secondary biopsy of metastatic castration-resistance prostate cancer based on the "4W1H—When, Who, Why, Where, How" principle and analyze the factors that affect tumor detection. Its application will further direct the patients for individualized precision therapy. Methods A total of 55 patients were collected for secondary biopsy (27 prostate biopsies and 55 metastases biopsies). The parameters of biopsy location, computed tomography attenuation coefficient, lesion size, core number, laboratory tests, and the use of bone protection were evaluated. Histopathological data and the pathogenesis and etiology classification were used to guide precision treatment. Results Fifteen/27 patients had a positive prostate biopsy, and 47/55 had positive metastasis biopsy. Bone metastasis biopsy was positive in 21/29 of cases. Also, parenchymal organs and lymph node biopsies were positive. In the prostate rebiopsy, significant differences were observed between total prostate volume (P=0.028), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density (P=0.047), PSA velocity (P=0.036), and positive biopsy results. In the bone metastasis biopsy, we divided the patients into biopsy-positive and -negative groups. The computed tomography attenuation coefficient, PSA, alkaline phosphatase, and hemoglobin were related to tumor positive detection. However, the lesion size, core number, bone-sparing agents and previous treatments did not affect tumor detection. Conclusions In metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, the "4W1H" principle was applied in the second biopsy. The biopsy site, image, and laboratory variables affected the positive of tumor tissue. Further pathological analysis of tumor tissue is essential to guide the precision medicine of mCRPC etiological classification.


Ill-health is seen as a great factor that brings about the absenteeism of individuals at work as well as the absence of the person(s) attending to the needs of the sick. This greatly reduces the income that can accrue to individuals due to loss of man days at work which in turn increases the poverty level of individuals. In order to prevent this, curative measures are used. In recent times, there seems to be a drastic shift by some people from orthodox drugs to herbal products in curing their ailments. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the determinants of consumer preferences for medicinal plants in Oyo Metropolis in Nigeria. The methodology employed includes the use of primary data and simple random sampling of 120 respondents from 10 different locations in the study area. The analysis of medicinal plants preference was done by using descriptive and probit model analytical techniques. The result shows that 62% of the respondents have between 1 and 6 persons per household. Preference for medicinal plants is high among male respondents and the married respondents. 72.5% of the respondents that have rural background preferred medicinal plants to prescriptive drugs, while all the respondents with no formal education have preference for medicinal plants. The result of the probit model shows that accessibility of the medicinal plants, knowledge of the potency of the plants and palatability of the plants are the determinants of consumer preference for medicinal plants. Preference for medicinal plants increases with age but decreases with increase in the level of education. It is concluded that the consumption of medicinal plants is still predominant in rural setting, especially among those with rural background and low level of education. It is therefore, recommended that adequate education is given to the rural dwellers on the appropriate usage of medicinal plants by the government at all levels and all the stakeholders in the health ministry and parastatals.

 Key words: Nigeria, consumer, preference, medicinal plant, health.


This research is a correlation research. There are two variables used in this
research; variable X and variable Y. The subject of this research is the second year
students of SMAN 3 Kampar, while the object is students' Mastery in Using
Sentence Connectors and Their Writing Production.
The research had been conducted to the second year students of SMAN 3
Kampar. The total number of population is 107 students and the writer took 33
students as samples of this research by using random sampling. There are two
formulations of the problems presented in this research, they are as follow:
1) How is the students' mastery in using sentence connectors at SMAN 3
Kampar?
2) Is there any significant correlation between students' mastery in using
sentence connectors and their writing production at the second year of
SMAN 3 Kampar?
To collect the data, the writer used test to know about the students'
mastery in using sentence connectors and students' writing production. To analyze
the data, the writer used the formula as follow:
 2 2


x y
xy
r
xy
Then to analyze the data, the writer used SPSS for windows. The result
shows that there is significant correlation between students' mastery in using
connectors and their writing production at the second year students of SMAN 3
Kampar. This correlation is showed by the significant score rxy = 0.305 is lower
than rt (5% is 0.325, 1% 0.418.). It means there is low correlation between the two
variables. Consequently, the alternative hypothesis (Ha is rejected). It indicates
that there is low correlation between students' mastery in using connectors and
students' writing production at the second year of SMAN 3 Kampar.


A discussion of influenza vaccines, inactivated and live cold adapted attenuated virus; influenza virus and the immune response in children; and the differences in immune response elicited by both types of vaccine.


The stability of a sufficiently thin, supported, homopolymer film against the development of local thickness fluctuations which can become amplified, eventually leading to structural destabilization of the film, is typically determined by long and short-range intermolecular forces. In A-B diblock copolymers, the connectivity between the blocks, the preferential attraction of one block to an external interface, combined with an incompatibility between the A-B segments, the situation is very different. Two cases, largely dictated by χN, wher χ is the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter and N is the degree of polymerization, can arise in thin copolyme films. When χN is large, thin films exhibit comparatively stable topographical structures, where the dimensions of the topographies normal to the substrate reflect a natural length-scale associated with phase separation in the material. In the other situation, where χN is sufficiently small, the copolymer bulk structure is homogeneous. An ordered structure can be induced into the otherwise compositionally homogeneous structure in the vicinity of a substrate. Here, depending on film thickness, a series of transient and stable topographies can develop. Wetting, early stage structural destabilization dynamics leading to the formation of droplets, and late stage coarsening of the droplets are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2219–2235, 2003


Abstract : The 1993 World Trade Center bombing, followed by the sarin gas attack in the Tokyo subway and the tragic events that unfolded at the Oklahoma City Federal Building in 1995, led to a new appreciation of America's vulnerability to terrorist attacks, including attacks that might include the use of chemical or biological agents. Similarly, North Korea's Taepodong missile launch in 1998 led to a reassessment of the threat posed to U.S. territory by rogue states and the need for a National Missile Defense system. In the course of the discussion of the range of actions that the United States would need to take to counter and respond to these threats, the term Homeland Defense came into vogue. The 1997 Quadrennial Defense Review, the report of the National Defense Panel, and the findings of the U.S. Commission on National Security in the 21st Century (Hart-Rudman) all addressed this topic.


Many analyses of multivariate data are focused on evaluating the dependence between two sets of variables, rather than the dependence among individual variables within each set. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a classical data analysis technique that estimates parameters describing the dependence between such sets. However, inference procedures based on traditional CCA rely on the assumption that all variables are jointly normally distributed. We present a semiparametric approach to CCA in which the multivariate margins of each variable set may be arbitrary, but the dependence between variable sets is described by a parametric model that provides low-dimensional summaries of dependence. While maximum likelihood estimation in the proposed model is intractable, we develop a novel MCMC algorithm called cyclically monotone Monte Carlo (CMMC) that provides estimates and confidence regions for the between-set dependence parameters. This algorithm is based on a multirank likelihood function, which uses only part of the information in the observed data in exchange for being free of assumptions about the multivariate margins. We apply the proposed inference procedure to Brazilian climate data and monthly stock returns from the materials and communications market sectors.


NUKAT is the union catalogue of research libraries and special libraries in Poland with collections of particular interest to scholarship and the broader culture. NUKAT is managed in accordance with international guidelines, and the observance of the principles ensures its continuing development and high quality data.


We studied the effects of interleukin-1α (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), alone and in combination, on MCF-7 breast cancer cells to determine whether these cytokines alter cell growth, TNF gene expresssion, and TNF secretion. We found that IL-1 alone and TNF alone inhibited cell growth in a dosedependent manner. Each cytokine arrested growth in the Go/G1 phase of the cell cycle, with maximum growth inhibition at 1000 U/ml (P < 0.05) and 100 U/ml (P < 0.01), respectively. However, the combination of these two cytokines did not result in greater growth inhibition or a greater percentage of cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle compared with each cytokine alone. We examined the effect of exogenous IL-1 and TNF on TNF gene expression by Northern blot analysis. In the absence of any cytokine, these cells do not express TNF mRNA. Exposure to IL-1 (1000 U/ml) induced TNF mRNA at 3 h; however, mRNA levels diminished thereafter to barely detectable levels by 24 h. Exposure to TNF (1000 U/ml)...


Taking Shiguai District,Baotou City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Jiawang District,Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province as typical mountain and plane area individually,the ability of new constructed land monitoring using GF- 1 satellite imagery is analyzed. Results show that the attribution interpretation accuracy of new constructed land monitoring,the area accuracy of cultivated land occupation and non- cultivated agricultural land occupation,the minimum area of monitored plot can meet the regulatory requirements of land use dynamic monitoring project.


Manganese oxides are attractive catalyst candidates for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) given their natural abundance and low toxicity. alpha-MnO2, in particular, exhibits high ORR activity in an alkaline medium. The hybrid concept provides a way to obtain enhanced ORR performance and long-term durability through an optimized metal oxide-support interaction. Herein, we synthesized a carbon nanotube (CNT)-graphene-alpha-MnO2 hybrid in a hydrothermal reaction in which the MnO2 nanosheets were deposited on the interior and exterior surfaces of the CNT channels. The resultant hybrid displayed very high ORR activity that is only marginally less than the performance of a commercial 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst and showed even better stability. The excellent ORR activity was attributed to two main factors, that is, the mesoporous architecture of the catalyst and the strong electron coupling between the encapsulated metal oxide and the support. We also showed that the preferential deposition of MnO2 nanosheets within the CNT channels provides enhanced ORR performance relative to deposition on the exterior surfaces of the channels only. This in turn demonstrates unequivocally the confinement effect that the CNT exerts on the encapsulated metal oxide component, which can be exploited as a route to enhanced ORR activity.


BackgroundPostpartum depression is a global phenomenon. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate the Spanish version of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS). MethodsEight translators representing the predominant Hispanic groups in the United States translated the PDSS into a Spanish version. A total of 377 Hispanic mothers completed the PDSS-Spanish Version within 12 weeks postpartum at two sites: Connecticut and Texas. Confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory analysis were conducted to assess construct validity. ResultsFor the total sample of 377 Hispanic women, the alpha reliability for the total PDSS was .95; dimension-level alphas ranged from .76 to .90. The total PDSS alphas by group were as follows: .94 (Mexican), .96 (Puerto Rican), and .93 (Other). Confirmatory factor analysis provided empirical support for the existence of the hypothesized constructs assessed by the PDSS. Item response theory analysis supported the adequacy of the construct definitions and confirmed that the response options for the Likert categories were an "ordered" attitude continuum in which higher responses corresponded to higher levels of "agreement" with the depressive symptomatology items. ConclusionsWhen compared to the original English PDSS, the reliability and validity psychometrics for the Spanish version were slightly lower, but still within the acceptable range.


The way 'stories' about a child's early experiences are presented in the media has the potential to influence both political and public opinion, yet just how accurately are research findings reported?


Objective: Practice guidelines for the initial treatment of bipolar II (BP II) major depressive episode (MDE) recommend mood stabilizer (MS) monotherapy or combined MS plus antidepressant drug (AD) therapy. We hypothesized that initial AD monotherapy would be superior to MS monotherapy for BP II MDE with a low hypomanic switch rate. Methods: Bipolar II MDE patients were randomized to a 12-week open-label treatment with either venlafaxine monotherapy (n = 43) or lithium carbonate monotherapy (n = 40). The primary outcome measure was the 28-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D 28). The secondary outcome measures included the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), clinical global impressions severity and change ratings, and the proportion of patients classified as responder (with ≥50% reduction in baseline HAM-D score) or as remitter (final HAM-D score, ≤8). Results: Thirty-four venlafaxine-treated patients (79.1%) and 15 lithium-treated patients (37.5%) completed the trial (P < 0.0005). Venlafaxine monotherapy produced a greater reduction in HAM-D 28 scores, with a difference in change of −6.57 points (95% confidence interval, −11.97 to −1.18) (P = 0.017) between treatment conditions. There was a greater proportion of venlafaxine-treated (vs lithium-treated) patients classified either as treatment responder (58.1% vs 20.0%; P < 0.0005) or as treatment remitter (44.2% vs 7.5%; P < 0.0005) for the HAM-D 28 scores. There was no significant increase in mean YMRS scores over time in the venlafaxine (vs lithium) treatment condition, and no significant increase in mean YMRS scores at any study visit compared with baseline for either treatment. Conclusions: Results from this study suggest that AD monotherapy with venlafaxine may be an effective initial therapy for BP II MDE with a low hypomanic switch rate.


The lndira Gandhi National Open University has recently launched the Bachelor's Degree Programme in Science as apilot project. The authors have estimated student workload for physics electives on offer at the first level and provided a possoble framework for future action in this area. They are of the view that in the thinkingof the programme designers, goals of distance education have not sufficiently replaced the norms and requirement of the conventional system. This hascreated an imbalance which may be detrimental to distance education students. They advocate a more realistic application of the norms of distance education to the courses designed for B.Sc. students. Here it needs to be noted that academic conservatism shall not favour reduction of academic inputs in distance education courses in comparison with those in the corresponding conventional courses. For the sake of credibility. the practitioners of distance education would not like to favour such reduction either Isn't it reasonable, therefore, to fix a realistic period of time, longer than the present three years, as the minimum duration to complete the BDP programme?


Discipline is one of the highest priority concerns in public schools today. Like other critical challenges facing educators, such as the low achievement of disproportionately high numbers of studen...


Wiriyamu in the future (p.18). The book includes a foreword by Professor Jeanne Penvenne, a preface, an introduction, seven chapters, and a conclusion. Each chapter brings together a set of interviews addressing a different side of the story. The first chapter, titled 'The Colonial War and the Wiriyamu Triangle', deals with the liberation struggle in colonial Mozambique and how this affected the Wiriyamu area. The second chapter, 'The Anatomy of the Massacres', includes six witnesses' accounts of the killings and constitutes the most vivid and compelling part of the book. The third chapter, 'Gathering and Surveying the Evidence', gives voice to those who first came to know about the massacre while attending to survivors. The rest of the book deals with the aftermath of the massacre and the subsequent efforts to let the story be known internationally. The fourth chapter, titled 'The First Public Outing of the Wiriyamu Narrative', documents early and successful attempts by two priests to secretly transfer written records outside Mozambique. The fifth chapter, 'The Final Revelation', reproduces three interviews with members of the London-based Catholic Institute for International Relations, documenting their key role in disclosing details of the Wiriyamu story in the United Kingdom. The sixth and seventh chapters, titled 'The British Fact-Checkers' and 'The Final Act – Witness Protection' respectively, address a relatively marginal part of the story, namely Western journalists' attempts to gather more evidence and missionaries' endeavours to protect a key eyewitness of the massacre. Although related to the broader picture, these last two chapters are more relevant for an understanding of the ways that the late Portuguese colonial regime worked in Mozambique rather than exploring aspects of the massacre itself. Overall, the book's selection of interviews makes for a very good read, although a 'tough' one 'to absorb in one sitting' as the author acknowledges (p.69). These stories offer important insights not only into the brutality of the massacre but into everyday life in Wiriyamu before and after the killings. They also contribute to our understanding of the ways people put together, report, and make sense of their memories of traumatic events. A more comprehensive discussion of the contextual setting of late colonial Mozambique would have rendered the stories more accessible for an audience unfamiliar with the topic. This is, nevertheless, a minor fault. The stories collected in this book are a precious gift to be added as teaching materials to modules on colonial history and oral history methods. The Wiriyamu Massacre will certainly be of great interest to students and scholars of modern Africa.


The tiny neutrino masses can be explained naturally by extending the standard model with right-handed Majorana neutrinos in low-scale seesaw mechanism, and the CP violation effect induced by Majorana phase is interesting and worth studying at colliders. In this paper, we investigate the prospects for measuring CP violation in top quark pair production and rare decay via Majorana neutrinos at the LHC. The CP asymmetry stems from the significant interference of contributions from two different Majorana neutrinos and can be appreciable when the two neutrino masses are nearly-degenerate. It is found that in the Majorana neutrino mass range of 10 GeV<mn<80 GeV, the CP asymmetry is independent of the Majorana neutrino mass at the LHC. Any possible new observation of CP violation will be the clear evidence of new physics beyond the standard model.


* Foreign and International Law Librarian and Lecturer in Law, D' Angelo Law Library, University of Chicago Law School. The compiler welcomes news and information on conferences and other meetings of interest to IALL members. Please contact her via email at llou@midway. uchicago. eduor letter at D'Angelo Law Library, University of Chicago School of Law, 1121 E. 60 St., Chicago, IL60637, U.S.A.; tel: (773) 702-9612; fax: (773) 702-2889. The closing date for this column was August 15, 2002. For up-to-date information, check the Calendar at the IALL website at http://www.iall.org.


Cisplatin had shown anti-leishmanial effect both in vitro and in vivo against murine visceral leishmaniasis. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of cisplatin on gonads of Leishmania donovani infected BALB/c mice. In drug treated animals, mild reduced spermatogenesis was observed but when antioxidants were supplemented along with cisplatin, the morphological characteristics of testes were comparable to those in control groups. Moreover, the ovary was also found to be normal in the oestrus phase with development of corpus luteum. The above findings showed that damage caused by cisplatin to gonads was ameliorated by administration of antioxidants.


The preparation of the title compound and its reactions with acrylic and propiolic esters, acryloyl chloride, chloro- and aceto-acetic esters, and ethoxymethylenemalonate to give imidazo- and pyrimido-[2,1 -b] quinazolines are reported. Structures are assigned principally on the basis of 1H n.m.r. and u.v. spectral data.


This paper mainly studies and discusses the changes of library acquisition and cataloguing work in the era of big data, and puts forward effective optimization measures in view of its current changes. Library acquisition and cataloguing personnel must innovate acquisition and cataloguing ideas, optimize acquisition and cataloguing mode, implement scientific and standardized management, integrate information technology, and achieve double improvement of acquisition and cataloguing work quality and time, optimizing the process of acquisition and cataloguing and improving the actual effect of acquisition and cataloguing in order to better enhance the social and cultural influence of the library.


Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine whether there are differences in use of price sources in online and offline shopping contexts, and the effect of time spent online on these potential differences.Design/methodology/approach – A quasi‐field experimental design with shopping channel and online usage as factors is used. MANOVA was used to analyze the data collected from 180 subjects (54 percent female; mean age of sample=27 years).Findings – The findings revealed context specificity in the use of price sources. Prices previously seen in traditional media are more likely to be used while shopping offline, while prices previously seen on the internet are more likely to be used while shopping online. The extent of time spent online would also lead to more use of prices previously seen on the internet.Research limitations/implications – The research examined consumer intentions of using price sources within the accessibility‐diagnosticity framework. Future research should measure accessibility...