This paper aims to identify the authority types underlying the Romanian leadership and their correlation with 1) CEO's dominant motivation, 2) organization type of led organization and 3) the field of activity the organization belongs to. The present study must be exclusively seen as a research in progress because it is only a part of a more extended research processing a rich data base created during the international investigation of GLOBE 3 CEO Study in more than 60 countries. There are authors who already published remarkable studies in this project. Some conclusions concerning Romanian leadership in comparison with that from other countries are already in the field literature (Catana/Catana/Gheorghita 2003, Catana/Catana 2003, Alas/Alt/ Catana/Catana/Lang/Steyrer 2003, Lang/Catana/Catana/Steyrer 2004, Finlay/Neal/Catana/Catana 2005). Anyway, our paper presents only a few ideas to be developed based upon the debate, leading to new research directions. The conceptual basis of this research are offered by Implicit Leadership Theory (Lord/Bining/ Thomas 1978, Lord/Foti/de Vader 1984, Lord/deVader/Alliger 1986, Lord/Maher 1991), Max Weber research on authority (Weber 1947) and McClelland model of leaders motivation (McClelland 1973, 1975). The study is based upon the data collected using GLOBE 3 methodology, from 43 Romanian CEOs and 92 executives, CEOs direct subordinates. The companies belong to three fields of activity (forestry and mining, manufacturing and constructions, services) and two types of companies: entrepreneurial and non entrepreneurial. 1 Implicit Leadership Theory was created by R. Lord and his associates (Lord/Bining/Rush/Thomas 1978, Lord/Foti/ DeVader 1984, Lord/DeVader/Alliger 1986, Lord/Maher 1991) and represents an important contribution to leadership research. Implicit Leadership Theory approaches the evaluations individuals make about leaders and the cognitive process beyond these. In short, Implicit Leadership Theory starts from the idea that a leader is defined not so much by his behaviour, but the way of being perceived by the others (working with him). The assessment an individual makes about the leader is an evaluation of his behaviour, based upon some pre existent prototypes ("ideal types") in the evaluator's mind. Leadership Authority and CEO Motivations in Romania: Max Weber Revisited 2 The research instrument used in identifying the authority forms is based upon Weber's (1947) "ideal types of authority" (charismatic, rational-legal, traditional) to which the authors added the interactive type, operationalized by Neal and Finlay (2004). Has to be mentioned this working instrument complements existing measurements in Implicit Leadership Theory. The general conclusion of the study is that in selected sample, in the Romanian leaders behaviour prevail the interactive authority values, followed, in order, by those of rational-legal, charismatic, and, respectively, traditional authority. Relatively surprising is that the authority type in terms of Implicit Leadership Theory does not shows statistic significant difference with respect of leaders dominant motivation, entrepreneurial/non entrepreneurial type of activity or the company's field of activity. In the same time, the authority types are not significantly influenced by the above mentioned variables. This result can be considered, on one hand, another proof of Weberian concepts of authority (Ali 1989, Finlay/Neal/Catana/Catana 2005). On the other hand, it rein forces the belief that leadership styles based upon respective forms of authority have a very strong cultural determination.


The authors have made an attempt to study the millimeter-wave properties and noise performance of Si~Si1-xGex anisotype heterojunction Double-Drift Region (DDR) Mixed Tunneling Avalanche Transit Time (MITATT) devices operating at 94 GHz. A computer simulation technique based on driftdiffusion model is used for the present study. Two different mole fractions, x = 0.1 and x = 0.3 of Ge and four types of device structure are considered for the simulation. The results show that the n-Si0.7Ge0.3~p-Si heterojunction DDR structure of MITATT device excels all other structures as regards DC to RF conversion efficiency (20.15%), CW power output (773.29 mW) and noise measure (33.09 dB).


Helical Compression Springs finds wide application in automobiles as shock absorbers. Springs stores the energy of deformation due to applied load and retain its original position, shape or size after the load is removed. Springs can be further classified as leaf springs, torsion springs. The basic design parameters for spring manufacturing consists of spring index, pitch, free length, wire diameter, flat ends, circular ends, number of turns etc. Various research scholars have performed successful investigation on springs with different software packages. Our end goal in present work is to determine relationship between wire diameter and number of turns on load bearing capacity. The concept of Full Factorial Design is studied for obtaining the desired result. Pareto Chart along with OVAT analysis shows impact of factors on response. Further ANOVA analysis is carried out for determining the validity of the proposed model.


The cycloisomerization of vinyl silicon-tethered 1,7-enynes has been accomplished using catalytic Cp*Ru(COD)Cl. The products possess a new silane moiety and trisubstituted alkenes as part of the diene system. The reaction scope includes aryl, alkyl, vinyl, and cyclopropyl alkyne functionalities. Silicon was found not to be a mandatory component of the tether. The utility of the products was demonstrated through manipulation of the vinyl silane and Diels-Alder chemistry.


This demonstration allows the class to compare hydrochloric and acetic acid quantitatively and actually determine the ionization constant of acetic acid using a standard classroom conductivity apparatus.


this paper, we made out blocking probability analysis for a new authentication structure for reducing the certificate acquisition time which is one of the factors that should be improved in a conventional wireless PKI. A conventional key exchange method simply performs the key exchange setup step based on discrete algebraic subjects. But the mutual-authentication procedure of wireless PKI for reducing authentication time uses an elliptical curve for a key exchange setup step. Besides, we proposed advanced handover method and blocking probability analysis for wireless PKI. Proposed handover method shows reduced handover processing time than conventional method since it can reduce CRL retrieval time. Also, we compared proposed authentication structure and conventional algorithm, and simulation results show that proposed authentication method outperforms conventional algorithm in all environment regardless of call arrival rate, queue service rate, queue size


The conclusion on page 2623 was incorrectly printed; it should read as follows: (5) If, in fact, a low mass single star (e.g., the 0.8M⊙ stars in GCs) cannot form a PN, then, contrary to common belief, it becomes questionable whether a single 1 M⊙ star (e.g., the Sun) will go through a PN phase. The uncertainty in the initial-to-final mass relation at low masses is sufficiently large that the future evolutionary path of the Sun may need to be reevaluated.


Using physical properties of microbubbles and coating materials, therapeutic gene have been incorporated into ultrasound contrast agents. Genebearing microbubbles can be injected IV and ultrasound energy applied to the target region. As the microbubbles enter the region of insonation, the microbubbles cavitate, locally releasing gene, and microvessel walls and cell membranes can be permeabilized, so that it can improve the efficiency of gene transfection and transgene expression in cells. Microbubble targeting can be more promoted through the attachment of site-specific ligands. Cavitation also likely causes a local Shockwave that improves cellular uptake of gene.Ultrasound contrast agents can be used to develop new, more effective vectors for drug and gene delivery.


For the first time, a few layer graphene was grown on the surface of the polar X ‐cut (110) of a piezoelectric La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 crystal by the CVD method. This polar X ‐cut is characterized by a good matching of the crystal lattice parameters of La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 and two‐dimensional graphene crystal, as well as the presence of piezoelectric fields on the surface of the substrate, which could affect the graphene growth process. Raman spectroscopy investigation has shown the ability for direct growth of graphene on the piezoelectric crystal. The NEXAFS spectroscopy studies of the film grown on the surface of the X ‐cut of an La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 crystal also confirmed that the grown film is graphene. Moreover, the NEXAFS spectra enable the conclusion that additional electron states are formed as a result of chemical bonding between the atoms of graphene and the substrate which proceeds through hybridization of the valence electron states of the substrate and graphene atoms. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Equations are derived for calculating ionization rates for three basic types of electron energy spectrum distributions. These can be combined to model observed auroral electron energy distributions, in order to simulate auroral effects and effects due to electron precipitation, Calculated auroral 5577 A0/3914 A0 intensity ratios, using the ionization rates obtained by means of the derived equations, at the altitudes of 120, 160 and 200 km, show good agreement with observations.


E-commerce offers various merchandise for selling and purchasing with frequent transactions and commodity flows. An accurate prediction of customer needs and optimized allocation of goods is required for cost reduction. ,e existing solutions have significant errors and are unsuitable for addressing warehouse needs and allocation. ,at is why businesses cannot respond to customer demands promptly, as they need accurate and reliable demand forecasting.,erefore, this paper proposes spatial feature fusion and grouping strategies based onmultimodal data and builds a neural network predictionmodel for e-commodity demand. ,e designed model extracts order sequence features, consumer emotional features, and facial value features from multimodal data from e-commerce products. ,en, a bidirectional long short-term memory network(BiLSTM-) based grouping strategy is proposed. ,e proposed strategy fully learns the contextual semantics of time series data while reducing the influence of other features on the group's local features. ,e output features of multimodal data are highly spatially correlated, and this paper employs the spatial dimension fusion strategy for feature fusion. ,is strategy effectively obtains the deep spatial relations among multimodal data by integrating the features of each column in each group across spatial dimensions. Finally, the proposedmodel's prediction effect is tested using e-commerce dataset. ,e experimental results demonstrate the proposed algorithm's effectiveness and superiority.


Approximation problems of Gamma operators are studied in Orlicz spaces by using Taylor inequality,Hardy-Littlewood maximal function and Jensen inequality,and the degree of approximation and equivalent approximation theorem are obtained.


Luminescent materials simultaneously exhibiting aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), superior luminous efficiency, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties in amorphous phase are eagerly required for highly efficient nondoped organic light‐emitting diodes. In this contribution, an acridine/sulfone derivative, bis(3‐(9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine)phenyl)sulfone (mSOAD), designed and synthesized by combing a diphenylsulfone (DPS) core with bi‐9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DMAC) substituted at the 3,3′‐positions is demonstrated. The highly twisted zig‐zag configuration endows the compound with desired frontier orbital distribution for extremely small energy gap between singlet and triplet states (ΔEST = 0.02 eV) of TADF molecule and prominent AIE characteristic. More importantly, its amorphous sample displays enhanced quantum fluorescence yield as well as superior TADF characteristic, which exhibits advantage for device fabrication under thermal evaporation. Taking its suitable highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels together, a nondoped blue electroluminescence device (CIE (0.18, 0.32)) based on mSOAD as the emitter yields an excellent maximum current efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 31.7 cd A−1, 28.4 lm W−1, and 14.0%, which are 1.38‐, 1.25‐, and 1.25‐fold higher than those of its linear isomer DMAC–DPS (ΔEST = 0.18 eV, with bi‐DMAC linked to DPS via 4,4′‐positions)‐based device, respectively.


This paper focus on the optimization method for chaotic ant swarm algorithm, we proposed the dimension reconstruction method for chaotic ant swarm algorithm. When using the chaotic ant swarm algorithm for multi-dimension function optimization, it's easier to convergence to local minima than global minima, the dimension reconstruction method can deal with it. In this paper, a specific example is calculated with the optimization method and original method, the results show that the optimization method can control the overall search process to the optimal value, and the optimization method can search the precision value.


1. The myelinated fibre spectrum of the plantar nerve of reptile consists of a unimodal distribution corresponding approximately to the delta elevation in mammalian nerve and contains a variety of receptor categories similar to those of mammals except for the obvious absence of structures related to hairs.


A patient with a previous diagnosis of lymphoma showed signs of dysphagia. Endoscopy found a lesion of the esophagus. Brush cytology and biopsy sampling were accomplished. The biopsy showed inflammation and granulation tissue but no tumor. The cytology specimen, however, was diagnostic of lymphoma. This case emphasizes the need for obtaining cytologic specimens concurrently with biopsies of esophageal lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:167–169; DOI 10.1002/dc.10078 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In response to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (CoViD-19) pandemic, national and local institutions have issued public-health orders to slow the spread of the disease. Comparing CoViD-19 trends over time and place may thus provide important public health insights about the impact of different strategies. To aid these comparisons, we illustrate the properties of three comparative indicators of CoViD-19 mortality using estimates and projections for the world most affected areas. We first demonstrate how a Crude CoViD-19 Death Rate (CCDR) incorporates the temporal dimension of CoViD-19 mortality. We also show how the advantage of the indirectly age-standardized Comparative CoViD-19 Mortality Ratio (CCMR). Finally, we calculate declines in life expectancy at birth that translate CoViD-19 mortality projections into an easily interpretable metric. Projections used to illustrate this yields a .3 of a year decline in life expectancy at birth for the U.S.A., for instance, which would be comparable to the decline in life expectancy at birth between 1992 and 1993 (AIDS mortality) and between 2014 and 2017 (opioid-overdose mortality). Data about the pandemic are changing too rapidly to draw any conclusion from the current values of the indicators, however, and there are multiple reasons to expect upward revisions of these projections.


Injection sclerotherapy was performed in two patients with esophageal varices who had undergone a total gastrectomy and Roux‐en‐ Y esophagojejunostomy for gastric cancer. Both of the patients were diagnosed as having postnecrotic liver cirrhosis due to serum hepatitis. The first patient developed esophageal varices after surgery. The second patient had recurrent esophageal varices after surgery for both gastric cancer and the esophageal varices. Five percent ethanolamine oleate was the sclerosant used together with the contrast medium iopamidol (5% EOI). After intravariceal injection, the flow of the sclerosant was followed by fluoroscopy. The esophageal varices were fed by the branches of the jejunal vein of the arcade of the ascending jejunal limb. The esophageal varices and branches of the jejunal vein were destroyed by three consecutive sessions of sclerotherapy. No complications occurred during or after the therapy. Therefore, injection sclerotherapy, along with varicealography, is one of the most effective methods of treating esophageal varices arising after a total gastrectomy.


The challenges faced in making sales transactions are the main trigger for this research, which is faced by the current rampant online buying and selling system, especially among students of the Islamic Economics and Business Faculty IAIN Pekalongan. The shopee marketplace is one of the trends where the products available are varied and the convenience provided when buying and selling at shopee. This study uses quantitative research methods with sampling technique using the slovin formula. Validity test, reliability test, normality test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test, T test and F test, and the coefficient of determination test were all used in the data collection stage. The results show that (1) In the Islamic economic perspective, motivation has a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions in the Shopee marketplace (2) In the Islamic economic perspective, lifestyle has a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions in the Shopee marketplace (3) In the perspective of the Islamic economy Islamic economics, trust has a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions in the Shopee marketplace (4) In the perspective of Islamic economics, motivation, lifestyle, and trust have a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions in the Shopee marketplace.


Basal ganglia stroke in  infants is commonly associated with minor fall. Affected infant present with hemiparesis and facial paresis after injury. On neuroimaging small infarcts in basal ganglia are detected. We report a case of acute basal ganglia stroke after minor trauma in infant associated with mineralization of lenticulostriate arteries detected on MDCT. It is a distinct clinico-radiological which needs further research for cause of mineralization of lenticulostriate arteries. Neurological outcome in most children is good.


This paper proposes a method for efficient identification of instruction-dependent sources on a printed circuit board (PCB) by localizing magnetic field sources from a limited number of measurements around the PCB. We first excite the processor by generating an artificial leakage signal at a specific frequency that is directly related to processor instructions. Then, we collect all three components of the magnetic field, but only at locations around the edge of the board. Furthermore, we model these magnetic field sources and then solve a forward–backward optimization problem using the model and measured data to identify the locations of the magnetic field sources, the magnitudes of the moments, and their orientations. The localization results are first verified using simulations, then tested when noise is added to the simulation results, and finally verified against measurements on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and internet of things (IoT) development boards. The results show that the number of strong magnetic field sources on a board depends on the instructions used to excite the board. Furthermore, the results show that the proposed localization algorithm can accurately identify those sources, regardless of the frequency at which the measurements are conducted and the instruction pairs that are executed. Finally, the proposed method can significantly reduce the number of measurement points and the time needed to identify magnetic field sources on a PCB.


Free fatty acid 2 receptor (FFA2) is highly expressed on neutrophils and, when activated by its cognate ligand acetate, generates potent anti‐inflammatory activities. The roles of FFA2 and acetate have not been explored in ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). We therefore examined the function of FFA2 and the therapeutic potential of acetate to reduce tissue injury in an acute model of intestinal IRI. The superior mesenteric artery of wild‐type (WT) and FFA2−/− mice was briefly occluded then reperfused following treatment with acetate or vehicle. The absence of FFA2 resulted in intestinal injury similar to that observed in WT mice, indicating a minimal causal role for FFA2 in this model. Acetate treatment to WT mice prior to ischemia profoundly protected the intestine from IRI‐induced damage. Amelioration of IRI was also observed, although to a lesser extent, when acetate was administered to FFA2−/− mice demonstrating that certain protective effects of acetate were FFA2‐independent. Remarkably, despite the lack of tissue damage following IRI, acetate‐treated mice had markedly increased neutrophil infiltration to the reperfused intestine which was dependent on FFA2. These studies reveal a minimal causal role for FFA2 in intestinal IRI but highlight the novel therapeutic potential for acetate in the amelioration of ischemia‐mediated tissue damage.


With the increasing requirements of helical gears for high strength and low noise, it is significant to improve the accuracy of the load distribution ratio depending on the minimum elastic potential energy (MEPE) model. In this paper, an improved distribution model is developed to replace the theoretical contact ratio with the actual contact ratio and introduce the potential energy of the fillet foundation for comparison. Then, the operation process of the helical gear is divided into seven cases. Finally, combined with the finite element method, the accuracy of the improved model is confirmed. Results indicate that the load distribution model with fillet foundation energy is only effective under the front or the full tooth meshing. When the gear meshing includes the rear part of a tooth, the inclusion of the actual contact ratio and fillet foundation energy should be considered.


Optimizing the diversity product of two-antenna diagonal space time codes can be phrased as nding, for a given integer L, the maximum over all positive integers u < L of the minimum over all positive integers x < L of the expression j sin( x=L) sin( xu=L)j. We establish a relationship between this optimization problem and the elementary theory of continued fractions. In particular, we show that the u that maximizes the diversity product must have the property that u=L cannot be \approximated too well" by fractions a=b with b < L. Inspired by the well-known fact that quotients of Fibonacci numbers have such a property, we study the case where L is a Fibonacci number and derive bounds for the best diversity product.


Considering the snow effect on land and atmospheric processes, accurate representation of seasonal snow evolution including the distribution and melt volume, is highly imperative to strengthen water resources development trajectories in mountainous regions. However, along with the high sensitivity to climate change, the limitation of reliable snow-melt estimation in these regions is further exacerbated with data scarcity. This study thus attempts to develop relatively simpler degree-day snow-models driven by freely available gridded datasets for data scarce snowfed regions. The methodology uses readily available MODIS imageries to calibrate the snow-melt models on snow-distribution instead of snow-amount. In addition, freely available cloud masks from geostationary satellites are also used to complement the snow-melt models. The major advantage of this approach is the possibility of regional calibration using freely available reasonably accurate climate data, without the need of direct snow depth measurements. These models offer relative simplicity and plausible alternatives to data intensive physically based model as well as in-situ measurements and have a wide scale applicability allowing immediate verification with point measurements.


Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) encompasses a collection of distinct forms of diabetes, which are inherited in an autosomal-dominant mode from the maternal or paternal side of the family or occasionally occur as a de novo mutation. All the genes involved affect either β-cell sensing or insulin secretion (1). The clinical presentations of MODY are heterogeneous, reflecting the different gene mutations involved, and the glucose dysregulation observed ranges from a relatively innocent rise in the fasting glucose to frank diabetes with neurological involvement (2,3).

An exact MODY prevalence within the general diabetes population has proven difficult to assess because of underrecognition and lack of routinely available and affordable diagnostic tools. A further confounder is that the reported regional prevalence of specific MODY mutations varies considerably (4). Conservative estimates suggest that between 0.14–1.8% of all cases of diabetes could be attributable to MODY (4). It is to be expected that among women screened for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) the prevalence of MODY will be higher, reflecting both the proportionately lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women of this age group and the probability that those with undiagnosed MODY will screen positive (5). From the few population studies reported, mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 α ( HNF1a ) gene (MODY 3) and glucokinase ( GCK ) gene (MODY 2) account for the majority of cases (6).

MODY 2 is characterized by its high penetrance, early onset, and lifelong fasting hyperglycemia. It is due to mutations in the pancreatic GCK gene, which acts as the β-cell glucose sensor, setting the glucose threshold at which amplification of insulin …


AbstractFor scientific and reasonable decision making regarding the through scheme of arterial highways in city areas, the grey correlation is commonly used to measure the closeness between an alternative scheme and an ideal scheme. In this paper, a grey lattice order decision-making method is proposed, and using the proposed method, the through schemes of arterial highway G204 in Yancheng City are compared. The analysis indicates that from the aspects of economic and environmental impacts, the through model that bypasses the city is the best through scheme despite an increase in detour distance of the vehicles using the route. The application results show that the grey lattice order method combines the advantages of the grey correlation and lattice order methods to better reflect the relative relationships of the pros and cons between alternatives.


G-code is the language used to control computer numerical control (CNC) machines. Although most CAD/CAM softwarecan generate G-code based on a design and machine tools needed, the ability to understand G-code is valuable, especiallywhen a machining job does notrun smoothly.Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) have been shown to be successfulin helpingstudents to learn programming. However, G-code is different from general purpose computer programming languages.CNC programming also requires that students master many hardware-related facts and concepts, such as cutting speedand feed rate, and tools for several types of drilling. We built a web-based ITS for CNC programming called CNC-Tutor,and proposed a data-driven approach to generate proper hints and feedback during students' problem-solving process.The approach is based on finding past submissions that are most similar to a student's solution. The similarity is measuredusing a ''behavior & machine state distance'' metric. The system was evaluated by 93 undergraduate students. Resultssuggest that the design is instructionally effective, and that students' subjective impressions of the system were positive. Italso appears that CNC Tutor's explanations and feedback are a good fit for active, visual learners.


This paper is a numerical study of thermal performance of a convective-radiative fin with simultaneous variation of thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient, and surface emissivity with temperature. The convective heat transfer is assumed to be a power function of the local temperature between the fin and the ambient which allows simulation of different convection mechanisms such as natural convection (laminar and turbulent), boiling, etc. The thermal conductivity and the surface emissivity are treated as linear functions of the local temperature between the fin and the ambient which provide a satisfactory representation of the thermal property variations of most fin materials. The thermal performance is governed by seven parameters, namely, convection–conduction parameter Nc, radiation–conduction parameter Nr, thermal conductivity parameter A, emissivity parameter B, the exponent n associated with convective heat transfer coefficient, and the two temperature ratios, θa and θs, that characterize the temperatures of convection and radiation sinks. The effect of these parameters on the temperature distribution and fin heat transfer rate are illustrated and the results interpreted in physical terms. Compared with the constant properties model, the fin heat transfer rate can be underestimated or overestimated considerably depending on the values of the governing parameters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20408


Abstract Oxidation of some hydrocarbons dissolved in acetic acid by cerium(IV) sulphate at 100 °C in the presence of traces of iridium(III) chloride (catalyst-substrate 1:56818 to 151515) in the solution phase resulted in good to excellent yields of corresponding carbonyl compounds. In the cases of cyclohexane and benzene, 44% and 51.8% yields of corresponding carbonyl compounds were obtained, whereas in other cases, yield ranged from 34.9 to 99.8%. Yield decreased when reactions were performed in a microwave oven by adsorbing reactants (except acetic acid) on alumina. Decrease in the yield was probably due to the high temperature generated during the course of the reaction, resulting in the loss of organics from evaporation. Conditions were optimized for the highest yields under ambient conditions.


Low carbon economy is causing the implementation and development of carbon markets that affect an increasing organizations number. These markets entail new challenges to accounting practitioners. The aim of this paper is, on the one hand, to know how the financial statements are being affected by the obligations of companies to control and compensate their carbon emissions, by analyzing the different positions adopted by both regulatory organizations and companies in the practice; and, on the other hand, to analyze the content and specific problematic of accounting statements that report on emissions in physical terms. This paper considers the accounting treatment of new carbon assets and liabilities which external information is not sufficiently regulated. Also, the paper analyzes the new contractual relationships that are being developed such as complex derivative structures, purchasing carbon units through ERPAs (Emissions Reduction Purchase Agreements), carbon monetization, carbon collateralization and carbon funds. Finally, new report requirements to companies that are arising, like Carbon Accounting or risks and strategies regard to climate change (Carbon Reporting), are also analyzed.


Supply chain risk management has been well researched over the years. However, management of social risks in bioenergy supply chains has been studied less in contemporary research. The ability of bioenergy companies to identify, properly address, and communicate social sustainability has become crucial for many global producers. In order to meet current EU's energy and climate targets, the development of sustainable bioenergy production is vital. However, over last decade, research of bioenergy production supply chains has indicated that upstream areas of global bioenergy production systems are vulnerable in terms of social sustainability risks. The main objective of this research was to demonstrate how the socially sustainable supply chain practices in bioenergy supply chains can help a production company manage social risks and resources-use related conflicts upstream of the supply chain. These practices can be applied in the process of negotiation between bioenergy producers, local authorities, and communities for creating win-win situations for all parties while planning new bioenergy production systems. This study pays special attention to social sustainability risks at the upstream of the supply chain in countries of raw material origin. Use of social sustainability practices intends to help identify, assess, and address social risks of supply chain activities for bioenergy companies. Moreover, such practices aim at supporting companies and their stakeholders in making right choices and preparing effective strategies ahead of time. We based our research on empirical evidence and offer solutions to multi-national bioenergy production companies on how to manage social risks, allowing them to make the right decisions and necessary adjustments before entering potential markets. Our findings show that even avoidance of market entrance can carry sustainability-related social risks for both the company and the local communities. We suggest that although the financial element plays an important role in decision-making, the no-go decision often means missed opportunities for local communities to improve their respective sustainability states.


Field road accessibility is an important index of cultivated land quality. In this paper, field road accessibility was defined from the perspectives of traffic capacity, and an evaluation model was constructed based on weighted network data set. The case study was carried out in Dingzhou City of Hebei Province, and GF-2 satellite images were adopted to acquire basic data including field roads and cropping plots. The results showed that, (1) Overall precision of field roads and cropping plots based on GF-2 images were above 90% and 89.13%, respectively, meeting the precision requirement for acquisition of field road accessibility; (2) Field road accessibility of the study area ranged from 0.6 to 3.7 and the plots were divided into 4 levels from high to low. The plots in Level- I area, showing strongest accessibility, were with the maximum quantity of high-level roads, and facilitate the input and output of agricultural materials; The plots in Level-II area, showing stronger accessibility, were always connected to high-level roads and middle-level roads; The plots in Level-III area, showing ordinary accessibility, were mainly linked with middle-level roads and low-level roads; The plots in Level-IV area, showing weakest accessibility, were difficult for large machines to pass through because of the low-level roads.


Luukkainen T. The effect of testosterone, progesterone and estrogen on the acetylating activity in rat liver and kidney.

The acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid has been studied in vitro in rat liver and kidney preparations after the treatment of the rats with gonadal steroids. It was observed that none of these steroids in the doses used had any effect on the acetylation in the liver tissue. In the kidney tissue of male rats estrogen treatment clearly decreased the acetylation, progesterone had no effect, and testosterone may increase the acetylating kidney tissue in female rats.


Corruption in the public and private sector has become a major problem to the government. Corruption is a serious problem that has become a topic of debate lately, especially in the mass media. Several negative effects will arise as a result of this corruption problem. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the prevailing corruption in land administration. Thus, the trend of corruption in land administration is deeply rooted and it could jeopardize public confidence in the institution of land office. This paper aims to identify the factors of the problem of corruption, recommendations and solutions to curb these crimes from occurring and to identify whether Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC Act 2009) is able to provide solutions to the problems of the crime. The library research and content analysis method are being used in this study. The finding of this research shows that there are several factors of corruption have been identified occurring in the land administration. The MACC Act 2009 appears to have a lot of loopholes in the effort to curb the problem of corruption. This study will highlight some of the proposed recommendations according to Islamic perspective to ensure the interests and rights of all parties involved.  Keywords: corruption, land administration, Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2009, recommendations and solutions according to Islamic law.


Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite presenting an overlapping distribution with T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, in a wide geographical area in Latin America. Despite considered as non-pathogenic for man, T. rangeli shares several characteristics with T. cruzi such as vertebrate and invertebrate reservoirs, vectors and approximately half of the soluble antigenic determinants. Despite the importance of specific detection, little is know about T. rangeli


In this paper I wish to make a philosophical suggestion concerning the nature of fictional characters. The usual strategy for making a philosophical claim might be called a "topdown" strategy where the thesis is argued at an abstract level, and concrete examples come into play only as illustrations or practical applications of the separately established thesis. In this paper I wish to pursue a "bottom-up" strategy by engaging in the concrete problem of gauging the fictional character played by Charlie Chaplin in his silent films. In particular, I shall start by urging that Walter Kerr is mistaken in his analysis of that character in his otherwise admirable book, The Silent Clowns.' In an almost complete about-face, I shall then argue that taken in a certain way, Kerr is right in what he says. The attempt to resolve these conflicting results will allow us to say something philosophical about the nature of fictional characters and to isolate a confusion or fallacy Kerr may well have fallen prey to. By following this "bottom-up" strategy I hope to arrive at a philosophical conclusion whose plausibility and relevance derive from the concrete problems of film criticism it resolves.


"Precipitating causes" can only be meaningfully evaluated within the context of the individual's total biography and from the perspective of what these situations have meant to him. The process whereby the adolescent comes to view suicide as the "only solution" is seen to result from a progression of his problems through three stages: 1) a long-standing history of problems; 2) a period of "escalation" of problems by the introduction of new problems associated with adolescence within the last five years; and 3) a final stage—a recent onslaught of problems usually characterized by a chain-reaction dissolution of any remaining meaningful social relationships. This progressive social isolation constitutes "the problem" and at the same time serves to prevent the adolescent from securing any possible means of resolving it.


This article investigates the impact of the United States subsidies on world cotton price in a structural framework. It starts with a simultaneous equations model of world cotton market, and then, it focuses on the reduced form. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds tests of Pesaran et al. (2001), no evidence of cointegration is found between the underlying variables. This contrasts with results found in the classical framework, which highlight a strong evidence of a negative impact of subsidies on cotton price, either in the short or long run.


In the course of screening for 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase inhibitors from food ingredients, the methanol soluble fraction of green tea and black tea, which were expected to be rich in catechin and theaflavin content, showed potent inhibitory activity. (−)-Epigallocathechin gallate and theaflavin 3-O-gallate with a pirogallol moiety significantly inhibited C17,20-lyase activity on IC50 values of 24.5 μM and 11.5 μM respectively. They had potent cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer LNCaP cells (IC50=28.1 μM and 37.4 μM).


A detailed ethnographic and historical analysis of how traditional Tongan values continue to play key roles in the way that Tongans make their way in the modern world.


This paper presents a novel parallel RLC resonant load emulation technique for anti-islanding test. In an anti-islanding test setup, the load parameters R, L and C vary as they are dependent on the distributed generation (DG) rating. With the proposed emulation technique, the parameters R, L and C of the load can be controlled, while preserving the dynamic behaviour of the passive load, under all operating conditions. Two different current control methods for emulation are discussed. A two-level voltage source inverter (VSI) is used to emulate the RLC load. The results are verified using detailed time domain modelling in PSCAD/EMTDC for different type of DGs. The steady state performance of the proposed emulation technique is verified experimentally for different type of loads.


BACKGROUND
Clinical trials and meta-analyses provide some evidence for effectiveness of forgiveness therapy delivered individually or in groups. To date, however, forgiveness therapy has not been evaluated with mentally disordered offenders. Given the high prevalence of experienced and perpetrated trauma among such people, this population may particularly benefit from such an intervention.

AIM
The aim of this study is to test the feasibility and impact of a 'learn to forgive' group programme among mentally disordered offenders on a specialist secure hospital setting.

METHODS
We conducted a non-randomised trial with 36 offenders with mental disorders and 29 comparison patients. The intervention group engaged in a six-week manual-based 'learn to forgive' treatment programme, while the comparison group watched a 90-minute video on forgiveness. Both groups completed measures of anger, depression, stress, forgiveness and satisfaction with life at baseline and then 6 and 18 weeks later. A repeated measures mixed-effects model was used to investigate the association between affective outcomes and type of intervention received, after adjusting for baseline characteristics.

RESULTS
The group completion rate was over 90%. The treatment and comparison groups were similar on baseline demographic and criminological measures, but the treatment group had higher baseline anger and depression scores. While both groups showed improved capacity to forgive and reduced negative affect over time, those in the 'learn to forgive' programme showed significantly more improvement in forgiveness and on anger measures.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Forgiveness training can be delivered effectively to offenders with mental disorders in clinical settings. Its range of benefits, including reduction I in anger as well as improved capacity to forgive, suggest that it may have longer term implications for personal safety and reintegration into mainstream societal settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFC), which can operate at 600 °C or lower, have recently emerged as a promising technology for widespread applications because of their low costs and...


Harmonic stability is easily excited once there are non-characteristic harmonics in HVDC transmission, who operates on the unbalance condition or has disturbance of converter control system. This paper concerns the core-saturation-type harmonic instability, and presents a new concept that using inductive filtering method to solve harmonic instability fundamentally. First, the mechanism of harmonic instability generation is analyzed. Then, a new HVDC transmission based on inductive filtering method is introduced briefly, and its equivalent impedance network is established. Based on this, a frequency scanning method is presented to get the impedance-frequency characteristics of the new HVDC transmission. Besides this, for comparative study, the CIGRE HVDC benchmark model is also analyzed. Research results indicate that the application of inductive filtering method changes the resonance frequency, and it can avoid the harmonic instability caused by low-order harmonic resonance.


Properties of ultra-thin films deviate from those of the corresponding bulk material already because of the mere reduction of dimensionality and, related to that, the reduction of symmetry. This applies to all types of collective phenomena as, e.g. geometrical structure, electronic properties and magnetism [1]. Also, the alternating combination of different film material stacked perpendicular to the surface can lead to completely new physical phenomena as, e.g., the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect, i.e. the enhanced sensitivity of the electrical resistivity to external magnetic fields. Within only about one decade after its discovery, the first GMR-based read-head devices appeared in commercial hard disks, and the near future might bring even non-volatile magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices based on this technology [2,3]. For these reasons, thin films of magnetic materials have attracted a great deal of research attention. Yet in addition to the reduced dimensionality, there is another factor with tremendous impact on the film properties: When the film is grown on a crystalline substrate it tends to assume the latter s lateral periodicity. Such pseudomorphic growth is realized when the energy costs for the distortion of the film s native lattice is overbalanced by the energy gained by the formation of the film–substrate interface. This is frequently the case when the substrate s binding-potential surface is strongly corrugated. In these cases, the thin film is an artificial material whose surface parallel lattice parameter deviates from that of the bulk material (usually accompanied by a tetragonal distortion). A completely different crystal structure may even result. An example for the first case is Ni on Cu(100), which simply continues the substrate lattice parameters up to a thickness of about 20 monolayers (ML) before it gradually converts towards Ni s bulk structure. In the whole pseudomorphic range, the film exhibits a constant, laterally expanded lattice parameter ( 2.5%) and likewise contracted layer distances ( 3%) [4]. In contrast, cobalt––whose native structure at room temperature


The development of bamboo handicraft business can't be separated from the important role of capital, KUR is a working capital or investment financing specifically intended for SMEs in the field of productive and feasible business. This study aims to analyze the interest of bamboo handicraft industry business owners in KUR program, and analyze the partial and simultaneous effect of program socialization, knowledge, interest rate perception and revenue on the interest of bamboo handicraft industry owners in KUR program in Bangli regency. In this study dependent variable is dummy and primary data type. Data analysis technique used is logit model. The result of analysis shows that bamboo handicraft business owners who are interested in KUR program are 74.74 percent. Program socialization, knowledge, interest rate perception and revenue have a positive and significant effect to interest of bamboo handicraft business owners in KUR program either partially or simultaneously.


Direct determination of the conformational properties of polypeptides and proteins reconstituted in phospholipid bilayer membranes is not easily achieved, since the main high-resolution structural methods (X-ray crystallography and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy) are rarely applicable to membrane systems. It is expected that solid-state NMR methods will make increasing contributions in this area [l], although some methods of sample preparation (e.g. oriented bilayers obtainable only at low hydration levels) can perturb the structure and orientation of the membrane-bound polypeptides. This is particularly the case for ion channel and membranelytic peptides whose amino acid composition and structural properties result in membrane-bound forms 'poised' between surface and membraneinserted states [2-41. In the light of these difficulties, extraction of the (normally helical) polypeptide into an 'isotropic' environment (a non-aqueous solution or detergent micelle) suitable for high-resolution NMR spectroscopy is often used to obtain structural and dynamic information [5]. Such studies are undertaken with the implicit assumption that the polypeptide has 'intrinsic structural properties' that can be assessed in the environment used to substitute for the membrane. Several questions follow that are the subject of this brief review. First, to what extent can intrinsic conformational properties really be defined and second, to what extent are they relevant for the membrane-bound polypeptide? Third, if a polypeptide has intrinsic (helical) properties, can these be predicted either by simulation or by comparison with semi-empirical methods for defining sequence-dependent helical propensities. The latter point is of interest in relation to the 'two-stage model' for membrane protein folding proposed by Popot and Engelman [6], in which the transmembrane helices of membrane proteind are proposed to be autonomously stable in a bilayer environment. If the limits of stable hydrogen bonding in transmembrane helices can be defined accurately, either by prediction from their sequences, by definition of 'intrinsic' helical


Conclusion
Mouse mammary tumour virus has been extremely useful for the investigation of steroid hormone activation and the early steps of mammary tumorigenesis. We have dealt with some of the molecular mechanisms: transcriptional regulation and its correlation with DNA modification, glucocorticoid regulation of transcription and the hormone-independent enhancement of genes in the vicinity of proviral DNA. The expression of MMTV in many cell types from different species, infected or transfected in vitro, contrasts with the strong tissue specificity of MMTV expression in vivo. The investigation of the determinants of tissue specificity of MMTV expression will be of importance in the future.


The polarization of the 27.5 GeV electron/positron beam of the HERA ep collider ring is routinely measured with two independent Compton polarimeters. The transverse Compton polarimeter was developed as a tool for the HERA operators to tune the machine for high beam polarization. Currently it is also used to provide reliable beam polarization measurements for the HERMES experiment which investigates the spin structure of the nucleon. An additional Compton polarimeter, which was commissioned over the last twelve months, provides an independent measurement of the longitudinal beam polarization between the spin rotators at the HERMES experiment. The operation of the two polarimeters is presented and compared to each other.


In this paper, the potential of cloaking an active radiating element in the presence of an obstacle is studied. It focuses on using modal stored energy analysis and inter-modal coupling coefficient to determine how to successfully cloak a radiating antenna through the scattering cancellation scheme. The obtained result consist in the first step in providing a general approach for cloaking arbitrary active antennas with metamaterial.


Abstract The insanity defence has long been the focus of controversy and academic study. It impinges on a number of subjects and areas of expertise including psychiatry, law, ethics, and morality. The origins of the defence go back centuries both in statute law and case law. The crystallization of the defence occurred in the seminal M'Naghten's case (1843). From there the eponymous M'Naghten rules were exported and modified in various jurisdictions around the world. However, the focus of this short paper is on the history and meaning of the defence as it currently applies in English and Welsh law. An account of legal theory forming the foundation to the defence is provided. Historical case law pre-M'Naghten and post- M'Naghten is explained with particular emphasis on the meanings attached to the four elements making up the defence. The bulk of the material relates to the statutory insanity defence available for trials on indictment at the Crown court. However, there is also a pre-existing and ancient common law insanity defence available for cases in summary trial at the magistrates court. This latter defence is briefly reviewed towards the end of the paper.


The present invention relates to a drug delivery device for dispensing a dose of a medicament, comprising: -a first housing component (12), and -a second housing component (16) welded with the first housing component (12) by means of at least one induction heatable component(50; 52; 58).


Existing research into generational differences in Hungary was based primarily on adapting findings from
studies undertaken in Western Countries. If we consider not only the comparative history and wealth but also
the cultural differences between Hungary and the countries in which these studies took place, then the apparent
adaptability is brought into question. This study aims to examine the nature of millennial students in Hungary
by building up the characteristics from the ground up rather than adapting data from other countries.
The findings of the pilot study indicate that the instrument is of suitable length and clarity, and that a printed format is the most likely to produce a high response rate, despite its disadvantages. The findings also confirm the results of previous studies concerning the preference of students in Hungary for a clan type of organisation. There are also initial indications that Hungarian millennials have a high potential for entrepreneurialism.


This paper addresses the effect of transients on the operation of a 1-V programmable Josephson voltage standard for frequencies ranging between 125 Hz and 4 kHz. A detrimental effect of the transients occurring during the transition between different voltage steps is to make the ac Josephson voltage dependent on the bias current in the junctions. In other words, the current margins where the array behaves as a quantum standard are reduced to zero: the voltage steps have a slope. However, by using square waveforms, the effect of the transients can be reduced to a level where this slope is no longer measurable. This observation will probably lead to a simplification in the development of a new type of high-precision Josephson-based waveform synthesizer.


. Rice products come from paddy cultivated by farmers. Farmers as upstream actors in rice agribusiness obtain lower exchange rates than paddy and rice traders. This condition reflects the low purchasing power of farmers from paddy farming for the products consumed (e.g., rice). This study aims to (1) determine the welfare of paddy farmers and (2) analyze the effect of paddy prices at the farm level on rice prices at the district level. This research was carried out in the Candipuro and Jatiroto districts in Lumajang regency. The regency was chosen as the research site as it is one of the food-storage areas in East Java, with paddy as the main commodity. The respondents were paddy farmers. The Snowball method was operative upon gaining the research sample. The primary research data were obtained from farmers through a direct interview, while the secondary data were obtained from the Department of Agriculture and Central Agency of Statistics (BPS) of Lumajang Regency. To address the first research objective, farmers' share was put under analysis. Multiple linear regression was performed to address the second objective. The results highlighted the following findings: (1) the paddy farmers in Jatiroto district were prosperous, while those in Candipuro district were found to have fair prosperity; and (2) Paddy rice at the farm level in Candipuro district and Jatiroto district influenced rice prices in Lumajang regency. Partially, the price at the farm level in Jatiroto district posed no significant effect on the rice price in the regency level, while the paddy price at the farm level in Candipuro district had a significant effect on the rice price at regency level.


Continuous integration (CI) practices encourage developers to frequently integrate code into a shared repository. Each integration is validated by automatic build and testing such that errors are revealed as early as possible. When CI failures or integration errors are reported, existing techniques are insufficient to automatically locate the root causes for two reasons. First, a CI failure may be triggered by faults in source code and/or build scripts, whereas current approaches consider only source code. Second, a tentative integration can fail because of build failures and/or test failures, whereas existing tools focus on test failures only. This article presents UniLoc, the first unified technique to localize faults in both source code and build scripts given a CI failure log, without assuming the failure's location (source code or build scripts) and nature (a test failure or not). Adopting the information retrieval (IR) strategy, UniLoc locates buggy files by treating source code and build scripts as documents to search and by considering build logs as search queries. However, instead of naïvely applying an off-the-shelf IR technique to these software artifacts, for more accurate fault localization, UniLoc applies various domain-specific heuristics to optimize the search queries, search space, and ranking formulas. To evaluate UniLoc, we gathered 700 CI failure fixes in 72 open source projects that are built with Gradle. UniLoc could effectively locate bugs with the average mean reciprocal rank value as 0.49, mean average precision value as 0.36, and normalized discounted cumulative gain value as 0.54. UniLoc outperformed the state-of-the-art IR-based tool BLUiR and Locus. UniLoc has the potential to help developers diagnose root causes for CI failures more accurately and efficiently.


Summary A tracer dose of tritiated testosterone was injected into 6 normal male and 4 normal female subjects and the excretion pattern studied. Ninety per cent or more of the radioactivity appeared in the first 24 hours. Minute but detectable amounts of free testosterone, androsterone and etiochol-anolone were found. Testosterone glucuronide averaged 75 μg and 4 μg respectively in this group of male and female subjects, about 1% of the injected dose, and 0.1% of the dose was present as a pH 1 hydrolyzable fraction. Most of the radioactivity recovered was found in the C19O2 glucuronide and sulfate fractions. Comparison of specific activities suggested that a third of the androsterone and etiocholanolone (totaling about 2.5 mg) was derived from testosterone.


The text argues that social suffering - particularly when manifest in the form of depression - is inherent to the current configuration of the world of work and affects the most diverse professional occupations, all of them marked by dissociation and overwork. Paradoxically in an era involving the overestimation of mental disturbances and the medicalization of society, suffering at work is expelled from the clinical, theoretical and political field.


The containment of oven door leakage has presented challenges to coke producers for many years as the requirements of environmental regulatory agencies have become increasingly stringent. A description and evaluation of past door modifications, leakage control methodologies and luting practices on Armco Steel Company, L.P.'s Ashland No. 4 Battery is detailed to provide a background for recent work, and to expand the industry's technology base. The strict door leakage standards of the 1990 amendments to the USA Clean Air Act has prompted additional technical studies. Both a joint Armco committee's evaluation of successful systems world wide and test door installations at Ashland were incorporated to determine compliance strategy. The eventual installation of Ikio Model II coke oven doors, along with modifications to ancillary equipment, has resulted in door leakage rates approaching zero. Associated methods, problems, results and evaluations are discussed.


This work evaluates the use of statistical design of experiment on the development of formulations for ceramic tiles production, trying to minimise the empirical character industrially found on this processing step. Mixtures of three raw materials used in tile production (clay, feldspar and quartz sand), were processed under standardised conditions, aiming at the quantification of the contribution of each raw material influence on mechanical strength and water absorption of the bodies after sintering. The influences of two process variables, pressing and sintering temperature, were also evaluated. Results obtained show the potential on utilising statistical design of experiments with mixtures and process variables techniques on the study and development of formulations for ceramic tiles.


A boy was referred at 8 weeks of age for failure to thrive. Cytogenetic and molecular studies showed that he had a large proximal deletion of the maternally derived chromosome 15q. He did not have Angelman syndrome, but at 2 years of age was severely globally delayed. He died at 2 1/2 years of age.


"While the recent tendency in the apple industry has apparently been to centralize fruit evaporation in distinct commercial establishments having considerable capacity and requiring capital to construct and equip, there sill remain large regions in which there is a considerable surplus of fruit that is unsuitable for packing and shipping in almost every crop year.... Encouragement of evaporating, canning, cider making, and other methods of utilization therefore appears desirable, and of these evaporating is the one that is most applicable at present to a wide range of conditions, and therefore of most importance to the average farmer." -- p. 2. Types of evaporators, methods of preparing and drying fruit, and the marketing and packing of apples are discussed.


This work is dedicated to the study of elements that caused the invisibility of women's work in artisanal fishing. To this end, an analysis of Brazilian fisheries legislation is carried out from the moment of the institutional recognition of the colonies, by maritime registration, in 1846, until the 1990s, pointing out who was considered the subject of fishing rights before the State in this period. period, whether male or female. It also analyzes the double workday of women as a determining element for their lack of professional recognition. The main bibliographic sources used were the pertinent legislation and fishing logbooks of Colony Z-1, in the city of Rio Grande, as well as the scientific literature on the subject. Ultimately, the research aims to point out that, despite the historical participation of fisher women and fishing workers in the fisheries production chain, they still face difficulties for professional recognition and the acquisition of social rights resulting from labor in the activity fishing.


In vivo 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMRS) of the limbic temporal lobe in schizophrenia. The study of glutamate and schizophrenia via in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of metabolic alterations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopment. 31Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain in schizophrenia. 31Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) in schizophrenia. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in psychoses: psychopharmacological studies. Applications of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo to investigate sodium lactate infusion. Measurement of brain lithium levels by in vivo lithium (7LI) magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of choline in brain and red blood cells: effects of lithium therapy by Edward F. Domino, MD. 19Flourine magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F MRS): a new tool for psychopharmacology. Free fatty acid (FFA) release in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Index.


"Our study showed that at least with the regimen used in our trial, patients can have chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy without any fear that it will impair their quality of life," says researcher Robert A. Huddart, MD, PhD.


Abstract In this study, we use a dual technique that combines the Laplace residual power series method (LRPSM) and the new iteration method, both of which are combined with the Caputo operator. Our primary goal is to solve two unique but difficult partial differential equations: the foam drainage equation and the nonlinear time-fractional Fisher's equation. These equations, which are crucial in modeling complex processes, confront analytical complications, owing to their fractional derivatives and nonlinear behavior. We develop exact and efficient solutions by merging these unique methodologies, which are supported by thorough figures and tables that demonstrate the precision and trustworthiness of our methodology. We not only shed light on the solutions to these equations, but also demonstrate the prowess of the LRPSM and the new iteration method as powerful tools for grappling with complex mathematical and physical models, significantly contributing to advancements in various scientific domains.


Recently, researchers have focused their attention in investigating how much energy is consumed within optical Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) networks, as energy requirement is becoming one of the main constraints in their design. Several solutions, typically exploiting optical switching technologies, have been proposed to reduce the excess of optical/ electronic/optical (OEO) signal conversions and electronic processing operations, which are known to be particularly power-hungry. However, most of the studies developed so far provide results that closely related to the specific case-study topologies under consideration, and the resulting conclusions may tend to be topology-dependent. In this paper, we consider a large set of randomly-generated topologies, characterized by different values of the network connectivity index (i.e., a measure of the average number of links per node within the network) and study the influence of this parameter on the energy consumption of different IP-over-WDM network architectures, namely Basic, Transparent and Opaque IP-over-WDM. We aim at quantifying how the the energy consumption of these different IP-over-WDM network architectures depends on network connectivity, geographical dimension and offered traffic.


Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. It is characterized by abnormal transformation and uncontrolled clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM), which can destroy bone structure and inhibit hematopoiesis. Although there are new therapeutic methods, they are not curative, mainly because it is difficult to deliver an effective amount of drug to BM, leading to a failure to eradicate MM cells inside the BM. BM homing is an important and unique characteristic of MM cells and it is mainly affected by surface molecules on the tumor cell membrane. Inspired by this mechanism, an MM‐mimicking nanocarrier is developed by coating bortezomib (BTZ)‐loaded poly(ε‐caprolactone)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCEC) nanoparticles with the MM cell membrane. The MM‐mimicking nanoparticles can enter the BM based on BM homing as a "Trojan horse" and target the tumor cells through homologous targeting. In this way, drug availability at the myeloma site is enhanced so as to inhibit MM growth. In addition, these MM‐mimicking nanoparticles can escape phagocytosis by the MPS and have a long circulation effect. The in vivo therapeutic results demonstrate an excellent treatment efficacy for MM. Accordingly, this strategy may be a promising platform for the treatment of MM.


Background/Objectives: The objective of this paper is to model Topology-Aware Task Allocation and Scheduling (TATAS) issue for the data in real time combination applications, the objectives proposed are to map the tasks on to the processors by scheduling the tasks in a three stage effective and experimental way to illuminate the (TATAS) problem. Statistical Analysis/Methods: In a Network implanted sensor frameworks, information combination is a feasible arrangement to significantly lessens and vitality utilization while accomplishing constant guarantee emerging information combination applications request effective errand designation and scheduling techniques. Be that as it may, existing methodologies can't be adequately connected concerning both system topology and remote correspondences. Findings: Our technique and behavior tests were taken into an account in a reenactment environment. The Proposed technique can accomplish huge vitality sparing and adequately meet the genuine time requirements as well. In this proposed framework, the hubs are in settled number and the undertakings are varying in way. While shifting the undertakings time and vitality connection needs to observe in the reproduction, likewise look at the chart results at various errands task to the fixed number of hubs. Same with respect to the planning length versus time relation graphs must be analyzed in recreation process. By watching the simulation results, the vitality utilization of the sensor hub in the system can be visualized. Based on the reproduction comes about then the system lifetime can be calculated and can expands the system lifetime by TATA'S calculation. Applications: Improved in the system lifetime to meet genuine time requirements the energy efficiency can be achieved for the algorithm.


Cloud radio access network (CRAN) has been seen as an effective means to address the challenges faced by cellular radio networks, such as high capital expenditure and operating expense, high energy consumption and low spectral efficiency. Especially, CRAN has the potential to equip a cellular network with the load-balancing capability to cope with the non-uniformly distributed traffic in the service area. In this paper, we develop an optimal load balancing scheme for CRAN-based cellular systems by employing an infinite optimization technique. A fairness index is defined to measure the load balancing level of the cellular system and monitored by periodically inspecting the load distribution among all cells. When the fairness index is below a warning threshold, we divide the service zone into compact and connected subregions based on an infinite optimization formulation. Each subregion served by a cell has almost equal area and almost equal throughput requirement. To avoid yielding ill-shaped subregion that is difficult to be covered by a practical cell, a penalty term is introduced to the objective function. Then we update the cell association of each user so that the fairness index return to an acceptable level. Numerical experiments show that our proposal can provide performance-guaranteed load balancing for the cellular network with almost no additional operating expense.


Information, as we all know, is an asset. But like most other assets, it conveys no benefit until it is put to use. Land is of no benefit unless you cultivate it, or build on it, or sell it. Diamonds may be a girl's best friend but, locked in a bank, they don't do anything for her except, perhaps, provide the warm feeling of potential benefit.


There is a growing demand for nondestructive geophysical investigation in archaeology, especially in an urban context. This is a result of taking our heritage more seriously than in the past. Since excavations are possible only over a very limited area, any a priori information brought by geophysical methods can help to focus these excavations. The classical geophysical methods used in archaeology (resistivity, magnetism) are not applicable in an urban context with problems of accessibility and inherent electromagnetic noise. The potential of the combined use of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electrostatic (ES) quadrupole data is demonstrated in the investigation of the floor of the cathedral of Girona in northern Spain. A 1.3 × 1.3 m electrostatic quadrupole was towed continuously over a set of parallel profiles to produce a resistivity map for a 20 × 60 m area. A set of resistive anomalies corresponds with known structures (probably graves). The largest observed anomalies appear to be related to fou...


The effect of ammonium nitrogen on the growth and efficiency of nitrogen fixation by A. lipoferum and A. brasilense grown under various growth conditions was investigated.


The technology for reducing the amount of power required to activate the piezoelectric actuator 150 of the micro-electromechanical (microelectromechanical) structure is provided. Insulating layer 85 is deposited on the piezoelectric layer (165). Insulating layer 185 is exposed to the piezoelectric layer 165 is etched in the etched region to remove portions of the layer. Electrode layer 170 is deposited on the piezoelectric layer 165 and the insulating layer 185.


In this essay a path is tracked through Dante's masterpiece in search of allusions to food, in relation to the Medieval concept of gluttony and the punishment gluttons deserved in Hell and Purgatory. The terms hunger and food in the Divine Comedy are analysed with precise references to the expressions in the text; these words convey two different, opposite semantic values: one linked to the earthly world, which appears in the first two parts, and another figurative, expressing the thirst for an intellectual and moral knowledge, which is found in Paradise.


This paper expounds the connotation of the library consortium, probes into the necessary and feasibility of establishing the library coalition of the public security colleges and universities, introduces the main tasks of establishing the library coalition of the public security colleges and universities, and puts forward some countermeasures for establishing the library coalition of the public security colleges and universities.


The invention discloses a method for rapidly determining the content of total iron in nitrided ferrovanadium. The method comprises the steps of: 1, decomposing a nitrided ferrovanadium sample by an alkali fusion method to obtain an alkali fusion sample; 2, leaching the alkali fusion sample by hydrochloric acid, adding sodium hydroxide to a leaching solution for precipitation, and filtering and separating the solution to obtain a ferric hydroxide precipitate; 3, acidifying the ferric hydroxide participate by hydrochloric acid, heating the acidified precipitate to a boiling point, dropwise adding stannous chloride to the heated precipitate to reduce ferric iron into ferrous until the stannous chloride is excessive; and 4, oxidizing the excessive stannous chloride by mercuric chloride, titrating the oxidized stannous chloride by a potassium dichromate standard solution with sodium diphenylaminesulfonate being an indicator, thus calculating the content of the total iron of the nitrided ferrovanadium sample. The method is capable of separating vanadium and ferrum and eliminating interference of high vanadium to determination of the total iron, thereby ensuring the accuracy of a determination result. The method is used for directly determining the content of the total iron in the nitrided ferrovanadium, the detection time is shortened from original 10h to 1h, and the detection speed is greatly enhanced. The method has the characteristics of being direct, simple, convenient and feasible.


The paper describes the background of the European Harmonized Reference Value for the cubic meter of Natural Gas at high pressure, which is in use in Germany, The Netherlands and France since May 4th , 2004. The harmonization process began on November 1st , 1999 between Germany and The Netherlands and has been finalized on May 4, 2004 due to the incorporation of the French LNE to the Harmonized Reference Value. The outcome was named: "Harmonized European Natural Gas Cubic Meter" as realized by three independent National Metrology Institutes. The prerequisites of the harmonization process, underlying procedures, results obtained so far and the mutual benefits will be pointed out as well as the economic consequences for the European market as well as for the international user. The paper shows the degree of equivalence between the three participating NMIs PTB, LNE and NMi-VSL. Under auspices of the BIPM (International Bureau for Weight and Measurers) as well as the CIPM (International Conference for Weight and Measures), which is the highest metrological authority worldwide, so called Key Comparisons (KC) have been conducted to get international reference values for all quantities of interest. Among these KCs, the flow area is of economic importance and Key Comparisons for natural gas flow at high pressure and larger flow rates have been conducted successfully. The outcome of such a KC is the international Key Comparisons Reference Value (KCRV), which is then considered to be the worldwide best available realization of Natural Gas Flow at high pressure. These KCs have been conducted among the National Primary Standards of all nations worldwide, represented by their National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and have been finalized in December 2004 and the KCRV has been approved by the BIPM in April 2005. It turns out at last that the international recommended reference value is exactly the same as the above mentioned European Harmonized Reference Value.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


This paper presents our arrival at a method for authoring a responsive digital narrative that is fragmented and distributed for the audience in space and time. We framed a simple, generalizable framework for use by content creaters. Our method emerged via exploration of one user scenario: an audience wandering across a remote outdoor landscape with a handheld computer and a few mobile environmental sensors, including GPS. We developed a prototype set of narrative bits and an application on the iPaq which allowed participants to physically navigate the story web, collecting and screening weather-based audio and images. With this narrative scenario we sought to provide media scenes that would be experienced in particular outdoor places in order to amplify the setting (rather than compete with it). We sought to provide a coherent cumulative story experience, ensuring character development, narrative climax, and a singular conclusion to everyone regardless of their strategy for navigating the story space. In this paper we expand on these goals in context of their inheritance and departure from existing work in the field. Then, we detail our challenges in developing a narrative which fulfilled these goals, including a description of the final story framework, which may be reused. We discuss the results of user trials and suggest future application possibilities. Our method of arrival at the framework, in addition to the framework itself, may be adapted to other creators of distributed, context-aware digital stories.


Cubic responses in photoelectron emission from a , 02 activated GaAs layer, illuminated by a Q-switched Er ,Thi,Ho : YLF laser ( 2 .O6um) both at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature ( 77K ) were investigated . Photocurrent density proportional to the cubic of intensity of incident light over three orders of magnitude at both temperatures shows not only thatthe electron emission is three-photon photoemission, but also that thermal emission is nebligible at room temperature in our case. The photoemissive current from a P-type monocrystal GaAs substrate activated only by caesium shows six power dependence on light intensity . Comparisons of measured three-photon photoemission coefficient of GaAs(Cs,02) with a theoretical estimated values and with four-photon photoemission coefficient of a Cs3Sb photocathode are given.


The structural phase state of hot-rolled St08ps steel on different scales was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Attention was given to the formation of dislocation substructures; bending-torsion of the a-phase lattice was revealed, as evidenced by the presence of bend extinction contours. The main sources of stress fields were found to be grain and fragment boundaries.


Abstract : Epigenetic changes, including hypermethylation of DNA, are fundamental to progression and maintenance of epilepsy. Using silk-based brain implants engineered to release adenosine we demonstrated that reversal of epigenetic changes prevents epileptogenesis. We identified a novel mechanism by which adenosine reduces DNA methylation in the brain and translated those findings into a new therapeutic strategy (biodegradable silk-based brain implants) to prevent epileptogenesis long term. These findings constitute a novel scientific advance with direct clinical implications. Specifically, using bioengineered silk-based brain implants we demonstrated that transient delivery of a defined focal dose of adenosine to epileptic rats can reverse pathological DNA hypermethylation. Further, we showed that this treatment can prevent epileptogenesis as assessed by the analysis of two independent outcome parameters (seizures and mossy fiber sprouting). To our knowledge this is the first study where a robust antiepileptogenic effect has been demonstrated after the onset of epilepsy. Adenosine and silk are FDA approved; thus our findings have direct translational value. In summary, we demonstrated that DNA methylation changes are integral to initiation and progression of epilepsy; these epigenetic changes are modulated by adenosine, which is dysregulated in epilepsy; focal transient silk-based adenosine augmentation reduces epilepsy associated DNA hypermethylation and halts disease progression.


We developed a highly efficient, broad-band optoelectronic stimulus probe head employing a 1.55-/spl mu/m waveguide p-i-n photodiode (WGPD). The novel multimode waveguide structure of the WGPD and optical lens-based rigid coupling assembly yielded a very high responsivity of 0.75 A/W. The OE probe has an effective 3-dB bandwidth of 50 GHz which is currently limited by the frequency dispersion of the CPW used in the probe, 2-mW, 64-Gb/s RZ optical pulse patterns were successfully able to be converted to 200 mVpp electrical pulses.


Aimed at the problem that common methods have difficulty in searching out multiple extrema of multi-medal func- tion optimization,referred to the relevant mechanism of biology immune.system,multi-modal function optimization algorithm based on artificial immune network is presented and is applied to some typical test functions in this paper.The experiment re- suits show that the algorithm has better global and local searching ability,and can.preferably hold antibodies'diversity,then can obtain all or part optimum solutions of multi-modal function.


Most investigators agree that acute leukemia in the adult is more difficult to treat than acute leukemia in the child. Bross (1), for example, in his statistical analysis of results of mercaptopurine therapy, noted that children do better than adults; the rank t-test yielded the highly significant result of 14.1, derived from Burchenal's series of 89 children and 49 adults. The folic-acid antagonists ("antimetabolites") likewise have been more effective in children than in adults, as shown by Stickney (2), Burchenal (3), and Scott (4). Cortisone or corticotropin therapy has been followed by a higher remission rate than has antimetabolic treatment; moreover the onset of remission is more rapid, though of shorter duration. Again the results have been better in children (4, 5, 6). Wintrobe et al. (7) stated that hormone therapy is contraindicated in acute granulocytic and monocytic leukemia-types which are relatively much more common in the adult. Recent reports on results of treatment in large series of cases of acute leukemia have been most pessimistic, especially with respect to survival time (4, 5, 8). Scott (4) and Haut et al. (5) were unable to find statistically significant differences in survival of treated and untreated cases of acute leukemia. Bernard and Deltour (9) in 1953 reported good results from the use of massive doses of cortisone (1 gram) repeated twice weekly for four to six weeks. Later, single doses as high as 5 grams in one day were found effective in producing remissions. In 1955, Hill and Vincent (10, 11) reported the results of massive and sustained therapy with 9-alpha-fluorohydrocortisone in 14 cases of acute leukemia; there was complete remission in 7 cases and partial remission in 3. Dosages ranged up to 400 mg. daily. Later this series was increased to 21 cases; there were 9 complete and 4 partial remissions, with a maximum dosage


The invention discloses a biological feed additive capable of improving meat quality and promoting growth for fattening pigs, and belongs to the field of feed additives. The biological feed additive comprises refined yam flour, dark plum powder, licorice powder, radix astragali powder, Chinese wolfberry powder, acanthopanax powder, tea polyphenols, a microbial ecological agent, multivitamins, a complex enzyme preparation, lysine, methionine, arginine and a carrier. The biological feed additive is capable of obviously increasing the lean meat percentage of the fattening pigs, enabling meat to be ruddy and tender, promoting the growth of the fattening pigs and increasing the utilization rate of feed, and has very prominent help for improvement of meat quality of the fattening pigs, a very good effect on increasing of daily gain of the fattening pigs and reduction of feed conversion ratio and very hopeful market prospect.


the article deals with the study of EMG signals and their characteristics using the
method of fractal dimensions for the task of constructing a database of features that allows you to recognize the movement of the fingers of the human hand.


This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of microbial phytase and dietary calcium levels on performance, tibia ash percentage and some blood factors in male broiler chickens. Three hundred sixty male broiler chickens from Arbor Acres plus (AA+) strain were used in a completely randomized design as a 2×3 factorial with five replicates and 12 chickens in each floor pen. Broiler chickens were fed two levels of dietary calcium (NRC recommended level and 80% of it) and three levels of microbial phytase (0, 300, and 600 FTU/kg of diet) during 7-42 days of age. Experimental diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous with similar nutrients with the exception of calcium and total phosphorus. During the experiment, body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were measured weekly. Tibia ash percentage and blood serum factors were measured on 28 days of age. Mortality rate was recorded daily through the experiment. Low dietary calcium level had no significant effect on body weight, daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, serum calcium concentration and tibia ash percentage, while phosphorus concentration of blood serum decreased and activity of serum alkaline phosphatase increased (p<0.05). Phytase level, significantly improved body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, tibia ash percentage and serum phosphorus concentration (p<0.05). Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased by phytase level (p<0.05). Phytase had no significant effect on feed intake and serum calcium concentration. There was no significant difference between the effects of 300 and 600 FTU on the performance of broiler chickens.


Branding has been pursued as a deliberate strategy by politician in order to catch positive image. Jokowi's style tends to be more emphasized on direct approach to Indonesian people, as a clean leader and brings changing. Jokowi in general election and during his first six-month presidency has gained a great changing and this fenomena has been proven through media. This research uses qualitative approach with description method. Data collection technique is deep interview. Informant is 4 Jakarta profesionals who have great intention to politics, besides and there are also 2 informants ; Minister for Social Affairs and one of Jokowi's debate team. Jokowi's personal branding perception are based on 8 laws of personal branding which are proposed by Peter Montoya. Based on the result of the perception of informants about Jokowi at the debate and during his presidency, it is shown that personal branding of Jokowi has changed in three parts , respectively law of leadership, law of distinctiveness and law of persistence.


It is somewhat of an understatement to say that this past year has been a challenging one on multiple levels, challenging being the euphemism in vogue for difficult. As the medical environment has degenerated, I began to develop a steadily escalating commitment to deliver to you a stimulating, positive, uplifting presidential address, but as I began to dissect out the components of our present medical environment, I became mortified with fear that I could not fulfill this task, somewhat paralyzed as I physically sat down to construct this presentation. It is no secret that organized medicine has been a prime target of a witch hunt by a society that, despite the addition of initially perceived revolutionary approaches to the administration of health care, has provided no sustaining solutions to any of the issues germane to the escalating cost of medical care or the fiscal and resource burden of treating the uninsured. And no one has been more consistently confronted with this dilemma in a more dramatic way than the head and neck surgeon.


INTRODUCTION: Kidney disease is becoming a worldwide public health problem with an increase in incidence and prevalence, poor outcomes and high cost. Rational prescription is necessary in kidney disease patients. These patients are at higher risk of developing drug related problems since they need complex therapeutic regimens that include comorbid conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease and infection that require frequent monitoring and dosage adjustment. Inappropriate use of medications can increase adverse drug effects, which can be reflected by excessive length of hospital stays, excessive health care utilization and cost. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to assess, evaluate and analyze the prescribing pattern of drugs in kidney disease and their dose adjustments in medicine and emergency department of tertiary care teaching hospital. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted for a period of 6 months. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee of S C S College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli. Collected data was analyzed to identify the current prescribing trend and dosage regimen in the management of renal failure patients and to know whether the prescribing rationality was obtained in Medicine and Emergency unit in hospital by using KDIGO guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients were enrolled in the study according to the inclusion criteria in which 104 were males and 36 were females. 134 CKD cases and 6 AKI cases were found. In the study, 105 (75%) patients were hypertensive, 62 (44.28%) patients were anemic, 54 (38.57%) patients were diabetic and dyslipidemia was associated with 21 (15%) patients. 87 patients were on hemodialysis. On the basis of ATC classification of drugs, cardiovascular system (35.7%) class of drugs was the commonly prescribed followed by drugs for alimentary tract and metabolism (25.97%), anti-infective (10.11%) and blood and blood forming agents (7.97%). Out of 1028 studied drugs, only 105 (10.21%) required dose adjustment where 76 (72.38%) were adjusted and 29 (27.61%) were not adjusted. CONCLUSION: This study illustrates the need for proper dose adjustment and drug utilization pattern in patients with renal failure. Appropriate dosing of antibiotics as well as other drugs, including narrow therapeutic drugs play a vital role in preventing dose related adverse reactions and toxicities. This study will provide an outline for management strategies and will influence the decision making process in clinical practice.


Composite FeRh/FePt for heat-assisted magnetic recording media is investigated with micromagnetic simulation. It is found to potentially lower recording temperature, while retaining high anisotropy field gradient. The transition width is predicted to depend on the media cooling rate. The thickness of the FeRh layer and the applied field can significantly affect the switching time of the FePt layer, and therefore alter recording performance. Applied field magnitudes and angles are identified that allow successful switching within 100 ps. It is shown that using up to 15 nm of FeRh with 6 nm of FePt, the jitter for 5.6 nm grains can be nearly equal to the grain-size limited value, for head velocities as high as 20 m/s.


Vitellogenin (Vg) was purified from white spotted-charr Salvelinus leucomaenis serum and biotinylated (b-Vg). The b-Vg was digested under mild acidic conditions by bovine cathepsin-D (BCD) or a water soluble fraction of charr eggs (WSF), Digests were analyzed by 5.0-22.5% gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Westem blotting, and gel filtration on Superose 6. Westem blotting was done using: 1) streptavidin coupled to horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) to identify biotinylated products of b-Vg digestion, and 2) antisera against lipovitellin (a-Lv) or β-component (a-β') to immunologically relate digestion products to specific charr egg yolk proteins. With respect to antigenicity and apparent molecular weight, fragments resulting from digestion of b-Vg by WSF or BCD were almost indistinguishable from those found in charr egg yolk, except for phosvitin (Pv). Pv-related phosphorus in BCD digests eluted at a position corresponding to a molecular weight slightly greater than that of Pv in egg yolk. The present study is the first to demonstrate in vitro conversion of salmonid Vg to its related egg yolk proteins. The similar catalytic effect of WSF or BCD on in vitro generation of egg yolk proteins suggests that cathepsin-D, present in WSF or intact eggs, may play a key role in natural yolk formation in salmonids.


During the past four decades, the randomized clinical trial has evolved as a major research methodology for the rigorous evaluation of new medical interventions and therapies. The role of statistics in clinical trial methodology and the organizational structure of clinical trials have also evolved. More recently, there has been a shift in the funding of clinical trials, from the public (eg, National Institutes of Health, or NIH) to the private (pharmaceutical and device industries) sectOK This paper describes an Industry-Modified NIH Model for the conduct of industry-sponsored clinical trials that involves a distinct statistical analysis center (SAC) and data management centeer, as opposed to the single unit, or coordinating center, utilized in most NIH-sponsored trials. The role of the SAC in support of the monitoring activities of an independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) is described in detail. Since the Greenberg Report was published in 1967, the number of multicenter confirmatory clinical trials that have an IDMC has steadily increased, and the recent International Conjerence on Harmonisation (ICH) E9 regulatory guideline on clinical trials supports this trend, This manuscript provides explicit guidance regarding the activities of an independent SAC for industry-sponsored clinical trials based on our experiences as a SAC for a number of such trials. Activities discussed include protocol development, drafting of written operuting procedures for an IDMC and summary notes of its meetings, and preparation of an interim analysis plan and interim analysis reports.


The Fallacies of Social Science questions whether the natural science model is suitable, or even possible, at all for social science. It begins its task by differentiating the organism from society as two analytically exclusive categories. By critically looking at the assumptions and methods of this natural science model, such as use of statistics and scientific language, the book first points out the inherent fallacies of the one-dimensional model of analysis and then offers a three-dimensional social science as an alternative.


Summary Molecular analyses of the elements that provide cell specific expression of genes in development, or co-ordinate the expression of a family of genes in a given cell type are reviewed. A number of genes have been shown to give rise to multiple transcripts. Gene transfer experiments have shown that many genes require large regions of flanking DNA to ensure their correct developmental regulation.


Six new metal complex or coordination polymer incorporated Anderson–Evans cluster based solids, (H24-pyc)2[{Na(4-pyc)2}{CrMo6(OH)8O16}]·4H2O, 9, (H24-pyc)2[{Ni(4-pyc)2(H2O)4}{CrMo6(OH)7O17}]·10H2O, 12, (H23-pyc)2[{Na(3-pyc)2}{CrMo6(OH)8O16}]·2H2O, 13, and [{M2(2-pzc)2(H2O)4}{CrMo6(OH)7O17}]·17H2O (M = Co, 14 and Cu, 15; 4-pyc = pyridine-4-carboxylate, 3-pyc = pyridine-3-carboxylate, and 2-pzc = pyrazine-2-carboxylate) were crystallized in aqueous solution at room temperature. 9 shows alternating Anderson–Evans cluster and sodium complex {Na(4-pyc)2} coordinately linked forming one-dimensional (1-D) chains and free protonated H4-pyc moieties occur in between. 10 and 12 show the aggregation of a discrete Anderson–Evans cluster, metal complex, {M(4-pyc)2(H2O)4} (M = Ni and Cu), free protonated H4-pyc moieties, and water through extensive nonbonding interactions. Crystallization in the presence of H3-pyc, an isomer of H4-pyc yielded only a sodium based solid, (H23-pyc)2[{Na(3-pyc)2}{CrMo6(OH)8O16}]·2H2O, 13; ...