Quanta Dialysis Technologies has developed a compact, powerful personal haemodialysis system intended for home and self-care use designed in collaboration with patients and healthcare practitioners. Human factors testing is necessary to demonstrate ease of use with minimal up-front training.

 In compliance with FDA guidance and EU standards, the user interface of the system was evaluated through human factors testing to assess the safe and effective use of SC+. This included a series of user-based tasks whereby representative users independently setup SC+ into a simulated treatment, managed alarms to resolution and external SC+ cleaning/disinfection.
 All participants received an introduction to SC+ and completed a competency sign off at the end of training. 17 healthcare professionals (6 renal nurses, 8 dialysis technicians, 1 patient care technician) received up to 4 hours of structured training followed by a 1-day learning decay period. In addition, 10 lay users (8 dialysis patients, 2 caregivers) received between 5.5 and 7.5 hours training followed by a 2-day learning decay period.

 Between the two user groups, there were a total of 8,110 opportunities for use errors to occur. Despite minimal training and representative learning decay, only 4 significant use events were observed requiring some user manual enhancements. Other use errors captured were minor or could not be mitigated further due to clinical practices and shared inherent risks across all haemodialysis systems.

 The results of the human factors testing demonstrated that healthcare practitioners, patients and caregivers successfully operated SC+ independently with a high level of use safety, despite minimal training and learning decay. The SC+ user interface is optimized for safe and effective use under FDA guidance and EU standards.


Controlling the speed of a DC motor in proportion to changes in temperature of a K-type thermocouple uses a Programmable Logic Controller and the Human Machine Interface  to enable monitoring of the temperature and speed of the Direct Current  motor from changes in the thermocouple sensor as input in the form of temperature data reduced to analog. to digital converter  in the form of digital data and controls the speed of the DC motor by adjusting the Pulse Width Modulation. DC motor speed control for temperature changes from a thermocouple sensor with a control system using a Programmable Logic Controller and displayed on the Human Machine Interface. In this test, only heating the sensor at a temperature of 30 oC to 100 oC and the speed of the DC motor where the temperature is greater, the PWM value makes the DC motor rotate faster. In controlling DC motors with PWM using a frequency of 10 Hz to get a PWM value of 0% - <54% the motor will rotate at low speed. PWM  54% - <84%, the motor will rotate at medium speed. PWM 84% - >90%, the motor will rotate at high speed


There are many results for sufficient conditions of functions f(z) which are analytic in the open unit disc to be starlike and convex in . In view of the results due to S. Ozaki, I. Ono and T. Umezawa (1956), P.T. Mocanu (1988), and M. Nunokawa (1993), some sufficient conditions for starlikeness and convexity of f(z) are discussed. Key word and phrases: Univalent, starlike, convex.


Method bush arrangement of oil wells and the method of this embodiment relate to the petroleum industry and may be used in the systems of the collection and transportation of oil in producing fields. The method consists in the fact that measured by measuring units of group products in each individual oil well oil wells bush enters the oil-gathering collector. The novelty of the method of arrangement of the bush of oil wells and options for its implementation lies in the fact that the input of the booster pump station products supplied via the multiphase pump mounted on the oil collecting reservoir. Method and embodiment thereof provide a high consumer properties of the object. 2 n.p.f. 1 yl.


Cuticle thickness was measured, either by direct microscopic examination or as weight per unit area, for the astomatous cuticle from the. upper leaf surface of nine species and from tomato fruit. Thickness ranged from 1.4 fLm for peach leaf cuticle to 10.8 /um for oleander leaf cuticle, and the weight from 0.19 mg/cm2 to 1.26 mg/cm2, respectively. Cuticles were isolated by the pectinase method and permeability to 2,4-D was determined. There was no correlation between cuticle thickness and penetration of 2,4-D, either for non-dewaxed cuticles or after chloroform extraction of waxes. Penetration of 2,4-D was increased following wax removal, but there was no correlation between wax content and the magnitude of the increase. It is suggested that cutin and wax qualitative composition are probably more important than thickness in determining relative permeability of cuticle from different plant species to 2,4-D.


a practical topology analysis method for water shed simulation is suggested.The main idea of the method is to conceptualize the watershed as a nodded graph and to analyze its properties,form of linking and topology relations.The adjacent list,adjacent matrix and depth-first-transverse method are used to solve the integration of the model.This method is useful in flood forecasting and dispatching decision support system and helps to elevate the operation efficiency of the system.


We present a novel reversible data hiding scheme for point-sampled geometry in the spatial domain. To the best of our knowledge, our scheme is the first in the literature for recovering the original point-sampled model using little amount of information. In contrast, other schemes generally need to store an extra large amount of bit size equal to the payload size for reversibility. Our scheme first employs principal component analysis (PCA) for the point-sampled model to produce three principal axes and to construct a PCA-coordinate system. We then translate the coordinates of the original points to the PCA-coordinate system in order to achieve robustness against translation, rotation, and uniform scaling operations. Second, we sort the points' coordinates for each axis to yield intervals which are the embedding positions. Finally, we utilize the left-shift operator to shift the bit of the state value of the interval left by c bits (c≥1) so that it creates c bits extra storage space for embedding the payload and we store the original state value for achieving reversibility. Experimental results show that our scheme can embed large amounts of data with insignificant visual distortion of the original model. The data capacity in bits achieves nearly 1.5c times the number of points in the models.


Objectives: The paper of 2001, China Medicine junguiyak stomach sickness9) proposed by the stomach is associated with digestive function, using dialectical gisulpyo PMS group to assess the patient's stomach function was to evaluate the diagnostic features. Methods: October 1, 2010 to November 15, 2010 women of childbearing age against a total of 25 people have responded to the survey was a random survey, 23 patients except two who were against the PMS 10 and 13 who were classified non-PMS group. Results: 1. Age group and non-PMS PMS theses, menstrual period is there was no statistically significant difference between the history of both the pill and had no information available on careers. 2. When comparing the total score PMS score was higher than in non-PMS group. This is a non-PMS PMS patients than in patients stomach functions normally fall. 3. Digestive function of the type of group, less PMS GanGi-woolche, Ganwool-Bihu, Bihu-Damsub, Hanyul-Chakchab significant difference in the items were found. 4. Digestive function of the type of group, less PMS GanGi-woolche the most significant was the type of apologetics. Conclusions: GanGi-woolche type was the most significant mental stress and autonomic tone of the PMS group, the higher the patient was likely to be included. Previously associated with HRV in the GanGi-woolche in a study evaluating the autonomic nervous system can be said to have relevance.


The existence of tracks of electric current in the skeletal muscles was checked by electron-microscopic investigations in animal experiments on rats. Hypercontraction bands alternating with dilated sarcomeres and tumefaction of tubular apparatus and mitochondria with cristiolysis were established. The most severely expressed alterations were found in the vicinity of the electrodes and adjacent to the joints; they are thought to be caused by electrically induced tetanus and local hyperthermia. The forensic aspects of these findings are discussed


CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is one of the most effective countermeasures against the global warming. Although CO2 aquifer storage is considered a main stream as CCS technology, there is a possibility that the capacity of the aquifer storage is limited and may not sufficient to meet the target reduction of CO2 emission. Therefore, it is good to have other CCS options. In this study, we focus on CO2 storage in the form of gas hydrate. In this method, CO2 is injected into the sub-seabed sand sediments at the condition of low temperature and high pressure, under which CO2 hydrate can stably form. A large amount of CO2 is sequestered as hydrate in the sediments by the reaction with pore water. However, hydrate formation has a great risk to reduce permeability and this may lead to the blockage of gas flow. In order to ensure large sequestration space, it is important that gas front expands over a wide area with avoiding such large permeability reduction. In this study, at first, we conducted experiments, in which CO2 was injected into sand sediment and CO2 hydrate formed in the sediment, to understand the blockage phenomena. Next, based on the experiments, we modelled the gas-water two-phase flow with hydrate formation in the sand sediment and developed a one-dimensional numerical simulator. Finally, we simulated the two-phase flow under the experimental conditions and revealed the blockage mechanism due to hydrate formation.


In this article, an iterative, bracketing and derivative-free method have been proposed with the second-order of convergence for the solution of non-linear equations. The proposed method derives from the Stirling interpolation technique, Stirling interpolation technique is the process of using points with known values or sample points to estimate values at unknown points or polynomials. All types of problems (taken from literature) have been tested by the proposed method and compared with existing methods (regula falsi method, secant method and newton raphson method) and it's noted that the proposed method is more rapidly converges as compared to all other existing methods. All problems were solved by using MATLAB Version: 22.214.171.1242 (R2014a) on my personal computer with specification Intel(R) Core (TM) i3-4010U CPU @ 1.70GHz with RAM 4.00GB and Operating System: Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise Version 10.0, 64-Bit Server, x64-based processor.


tL~.MASWAM~V (1930), Robertson and Fox (1930) and Bhagavantam (1930) simultaneously and independently observed the Raman spectrum of diamond and found one sharp strong line with a frequency shift of 1332 cm. -1 As was pointed out by Ramaswamy and later fully confirmed by the theoretical invesfigations of Nagendra Nath (1934) and of Venkatarayudu (1938), this frequency represents the fundamental vibrafion of the diamond structure, ViZo, the mode in which the two interpenetrating Bravais lattices of carbon atoms osciUate against each other. This mode, according to the usual selection rules (Placzek, 1934) should be active in the Raman effect. The researches of Nayar (1941, 1942)on the luminescence and absorption spectra of diamonds have, however, demonstrated the existence of many more vibrations of the diamond structure with discrete frequencies, besides the one found in the Raman effect. Nayar's results have been confirmed and extended by the investigations of (Miss) Mani of which a report appears elsewhere in this symposium. The appearance of several discrete monochromatie frequencies in the vibration spectrum of the diamond lattice is unintelligible on the basis of the older theories of the specific heat of solids. It, however, finds a natural explanation in the new theory of the dynamics of crystal lattices due to Sir C. V. Raman (1943). On the basis of the Raman dynamics, the possible modes of atomic vibration in diamond have been fully worked out and described by Chelam (1943) and by Bhagavantam (1943). They have both given explicit expressions for the frequencies in terms of the force constants. There are, on the whole, eight fundamental frequencies, of which only the one having the highest frequency is active in the Raman effect. Though the seven other vibrations are forbidden as fundamentals, they are allowed as octaves in light-scatte¡ according to the usual selection mies. Besides overtones, some of the combinations may also be Ramanactive. There is thus a clear possibitity that octaves and combinations of the eight frequencies of the diamond lattice might appear recorded in strongly exposed Raman spectra. The present research was undertaken to investigate this possibility. Its successful confirmation places the Raman dynamics of crystal lattices on a tima foundation of experimental reality.


Population aging is a global phenomenon that is demanding the partnership of actions of the Government. Brazilian law has advanced significantly from the 1988 Federal Constitution with regard to social protection for the elderly, especially the National Health Policy for the Elderly (PNSPI) published in 2006. One can observe that the issue of qualification of workers the Unified Health System is regulated in PNSPI and various legal provisions. This research aims to analyze the PNSPI implementation process in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ with emphasis on the training of mid-level workers and health technicians. It features the history of the professional qualification discussing Gramsci's proposal for a training which combines manual and intellectual work, knowledge as the basis of practice, guiding reflection on the formative trajectory of workers and identifies requirements for training and continuing education within gerontology. This is a qualitative research with data collection through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and focus groups. The data were analyzed through the use of content analysis technique proposed by Bardin.


ABSTRACT This article discusses the recent report of the Commission on Religious Education on "Religion and Worldviews". While it praises the report for its honest critical evaluation of the current situation of Religious Education in England as well as for the effort of improving this situation by suggesting far-reaching amendments at a systemic level, the article also raises a number of critical questions. These questions refer to the relationship between state and religion, to problems arising from the ill-defined term 'worldview', to unresolved problems concerning teacher education in the area of worldviews as well as to the lack of attention to research on Religious Education in the report. Altogether it does not appear necessary to give up the subject of Religious Education in order to improve the situation and not enough good reasons have been presented for switching to a new subject which, in other countries, has in fact created many new problems.


BACKGROUND: A clinically meaningful test for platelet (PLT) quality could improve the transfusion management of patients. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether a new measure of PLT quality and function based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) correlates with transfusion outcome.


Background:
 Superficial femoral artery (SFA) chronic total occlusion (CTO) peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) is a challenging procedure given the longer procedure times, larger amount of radiation dose, and lesser procedural success. The aim of this single center analysis is to determine if patency and symptom relief is improved using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) based Ocelot versus conventional guidewires in SFA CTO PVI.

 Methods:
 We retrospectively analyzed 213 patients with SFA CTO undergoing PVI with either traditional techniques or the Ocelot device. Outcomes measured were death, vascular complications, procedural success, Rutherford class improvement, and a composite endpoint of ABI improvement above 0.9, ultrasound duplex velocity less than 250 m/s and Rutherford improvement. Unadjusted and multivariate analyses were performed.

 Results:
 36 cases of SFA CTO were performed with the Ocelot device, while 177 were performed with traditional guidewire techniques. Both improvement in Rutherford Class and the composite endpoint of success were significantly better with using the Ocelot device in the unadjusted analysis. They remained significant after performing multivariate analysis.

 Conclusion:
 The Ocelot device is a revolutionary device the successful and effective management of SFA CTO PVI. Symptomatic relief and patency are demonstrated here to be significantly improved when utilizing the Ocelot device. Further analysis of lesion length and calcium burden are needed to determine its optimal use for procedural and long term success.


Abstract : The signature tables used in TAC ASSESSOR were assumed to be representations of some corresponding value functions evaluated at certain levels of the input features. The theoretical mean-squared-error due to this substitution was calculated for signature table 1 and table 5 in the FAC Target Importance Tables. The calculations were performed under two different assumption concerning the assumed value functions. Case 1 was that the signature table values resulted from evaluating the assumed value function at the given input feature values. Case 2 was that the function was evaluated at some feature values in the given quantization level indicated by the input feature. Next, an evaluation simulation was performed on three sets of 30 targets whose features were generated using uniform, exponential, and normal random variate generators scaled to the appropriate feature limits. Finally, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to test the null hypothesis that there was no association between the evaluation methods.


We propose a new approach to solve inter-temporal unit aggregation issues under maximum opening size requirements using two models. The first model is based on Model I formulation with static harvest treatments for harvest activities. This model identifies periodic harvest activities using a set of constraints for inter-temporal aggregation. The second model is based on Model II formulation, which uses dynamic harvest treatments and incorporates periodic harvest activities directly into the model formulation. The proposed approach contributes to the literature on spatially constrained harvest scheduling problems as it allows a pattern of unit aggregation to change across multiple harvests over time, as inter-temporal aggregation under a maximum opening size requirement over period-specific duration. The main idea of the proposed approach for inter-temporal aggregation is to use a multiple layer scheme for a set of spatial constraints, which is adapted from a maximum flow specification in a spatial forest unit network and a sequential triangle connection to create fully connected feasible clusters. By dividing the planning horizon into period-specific durations for different spatial aggregation patterns, the models can complete inter-temporal spatial aggregation over the planning horizon under a maximum opening size requirement per duration.


The particle swarm algorithm helps computer scientists and engineers solve hard problems, and also suggests insights into the computational power of social interaction. The method evolved out of social psychological simulations of social influence processes featuring a positivity bias in self-presentation and a proclivity for mimicry, with some random noise added. In this talk I will introduce the algorithm, show its connections to social behaviours in humans and other species, and discuss effects of variations in rules and parameters. I will tend to emphasise research that simplifies the algorithm rather than making it harder, as researchers come to understand what is essential for intelligence to emerge in a population of simple interacting entities.


Abstract Background. The increasing incidence of cancer combined with prolonged survival times seen throughout the western world increases the need for rehabilitation. Diagnosis and treatment for cancer may have substantial effects on the patients' physical, psychological, social and existential well-being. The aim of this paper is to describe the current situation in cancer rehabilitation in the Nordic countries, the Netherlands and Germany. Material and methods. Description of the current situation in cancer rehabilitation in the Nordic countries and literature review. Results. Rehabilitation as defined by multiple organizations covers a multidimensional view on chronic disease and its effect on the patient's life. The rehabilitation systems in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands differ depending on the differing social security and health-care systems, but rehabilitation provided is largely based on a similar, multidimensional and multidisciplinary understanding of cancer rehabilitation. Research on rehabilitation efforts in European countries indicates that there is substantial evidence with regard to single interventions which can be part of cancer rehabilitation. Discussion. In order to assure patients and families continuing quality of life, rehabilitation should be an integral and continuous part of all cancer care.


I've taken on a new challenge this past January. At the beginning of the new year, I began teaching a reading and reading practices course at Dalhousie University. With my background in readers' services, practical experience, and attendance at numerous readers' advisory conference sessions, webcasts, and talks, I knew I was up for the challenge. However, devoting twelve weeks to the theory of reading, reading behaviours and models, practices in readers' services, and more, I realized that the learning opportunities provided to practicing professionals on reading and reading practices only manage to capture the top of the reading iceberg. Why do I compare reading, readers, and readers' advisory services to an iceberg? Icebergs seem relatively simple and straightforward when viewed from the shore or the deck of a boat. They are recognizable, easy to identify and navigate around, and appear--ahem--harmless. But we know better. Lurking beneath the water is a massive, complex, and unseen mass of ice much larger and difficult to navigate than what we observe on the surface. Unfortunately, in our busy professional lives, the one-hour webinar or two-day readers' advisory course offered by our library systems are often the only formal training opportunity we have to expand our skills and find out about to new ideas or resources. In essence, we are only glimpsing the top of the iceberg. But what if we had the chance to think about, consider, and theorize as students do? What if we had twelve weeks to devote to learning about reading, readers, and readers' advisory services? As I sit here writing this article, I am halfway through the semester and am taking the opportunity to reflect on key points and issues we've discussed in class. Trying to narrow down the topic for this article has been difficult. With such a wealth of rich information and theory to explore (that hulking mass of iceberg that lies beneath the surface of the water), I've decided that some of the easiest questions are often the most difficult to answer. As such, I've decided to explore the idea of reading, readers, and what, in this age of technology, defines pleasure reading. How do we determine what is pleasure reading when there is such a mash-up of formats and reading opportunities? The goal of this article is to examine the definition of what a reader is and to challenge the traditional definition of a reader. In addition, I will seek to push the boundaries of pleasure reading, briefly touching on the shortcomings and strengths of our current readers' advisory tools to address different forms of pleasure reading. Finally, considering perhaps a new definition of reader and pleasure reading, a brief exploration as to whether pleasure reading is declining will be presented. SEEKING A NEW DEFINITION OF READING AND PLEASURE READING "I'm not a reader!" We often hear this from friends and family members who don't like to read books. But what makes a reader? What do we define as reading? Do you have to read books to be considered a reader? As readers' advisors, we are put to the task of suggesting titles to readers who enjoy an ever-growing number of genres for both fiction and nonfiction. We rely on experience and knowledge, as well as print and web-based tools to help guide us in providing suggestions that offer options to our readers. But how often do we reflect on the definition of a reader and what constitutes pleasure reading? Do we include this in our staff training and manuals, or is it something we take for granted: pleasure readers read fiction or nonfiction books and we seek to connect each reader with another great read. IS THAT NECESSARILY ACCURATE? Let's take a look at some scenarios. For example, Iris considers herself an avid reader. Two of her favorite authors are Rosamunde Pilcher and Maeve Binchy Never having learned to read, she listens to books and absorbs the reading experience aurally Eddie, on the other hand, can't remember the last time he read a book. …


Objective To determine the sequence of gene for encoding β-lactamase of Klebsiella mobile strains. Methods VITEK2-compact sensitivity analysis system AST-GN13 and K-B tests were performed to detect antimicrobial sus- ceptibility of the 24 Klebsiella mobile strains, and PCR was used to detect the genetic sequences of the 26 kinds of β-lactamases of the strains. Results The 24 Klebsiella mobilis strains were highly sensitive to carbapenems, but the sensitivity to the fourth, third, second generation of Cephalosporin showed a gradient descent. In gene of class A β- lactamase, TEM, SHV and CTX-M-1 were detected and their positive rates were 100%, 12.50%, 8.33% respectively. The genes of Class B ~ D β- lactamases were not detected. Both transposase of transposon and tnp-TEM(TEM type beta-lactamase genes) were detected in 4 strains, the positive rate was 16.70%. Conclusion The TEM + CTX-M-1 group and TEM + SHV were positive simultaneously may aggravate the degree of resistance to β-lactam drugs. If tnp-TEM linkage detection was positive, TEM gene may have a high expression so that may aggravate the degree of resistance to β- lactam drugs.


"If we analyze the causes of general mortality in Brazil by region, we shall see that in the north, northeast, and west-central regions infectious and parasitic diseases are the leading cause of death, while in the south and southeast regions degenerative diseases (diseases of the circulatory system and various types of cancers) are the most important, as is the case in the more develo$ed countries. However, even in the south and southeast infectious diseases are important, since well-developed and poorly developed zones exist in all cities. In all the regional capitals, taken together, the category of infectious diseases causing the most deaths is that of g&troenteritis and other diarrhea1 diseases. . . . "<It should be noted that mortality statistics alone are insufficient to give an idea of the influence of certain infectious and parasitic diseases on the health picture of Brazil. In OUT country about 10 million people are infested by Schistosoma mansoni, several millionssuffeerfrom other worm diseases and Chagas' disease, nearly 800,000 have tuberculosis, and thousands are victims of malaria, leprosy, venereal diseases, and other ailments that reduce their capacity to work and enjoy lafe. I' (1)


-- Face Recognition is considered to be the most suitable technique for the real-time application. This technique is commonly used for the security purposes of authentication in computerized fields. Previously various algorithms and techniques were used for the purpose of security and authentication, but they were having several pitfalls like time consumption, pose and illumination problem along with age differences. Keeping these things in mind along with the available literature review a hybrid technique for face recognition is proposed in this work. In the proposed method, face recognition is done by combining two most commonly used techniques and making it hybrid in nature which would combine their advantages and reduce the false matching rate along with fast key generation time.


Abstract : A description is given of grinding studies aimed at overcoming a production problem on the dry grinding of hardened steel gears for aircraft gas turbine engines, in which grinding abuse in the form of both a softening and hardening of the steel led to high rejection rates. By using a combination of reduced grinding wheel speed and graded finishing cuts, gears could be produced without showing any signs of grinding abuse. A feature of the grinding was the occurrence of redeposition, and the extent of the microstructural changes in relation to redeposition under different grinding conditions is discussed. Keywords: Ground surfaces, Australia.


PVDF/ZrO2hybrid membranes was synthesized by blending the PVDF casting solution and ZrO2 nanoparticles whose surface was modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and thermal analysis were used to character the membranes. The results showed that the functionalized ZrO2nanoparticles were deposited on the surface and entrapped into the inner pores of PVDF. The pore size of PVDF was affected by ZrO2additions,which were enlarged as the ZrO2 loading amounts increased. The adsorption experiments of BHb showed that an enhanced adsorption capacity was observed for PVDF/ZrO2hybrid membranes. When the initial concentration of BHb was 150 μg/mL,the pH value was 7 and the contact time was 45 min,the maximum capacity of hybrid membrane was 0. 181 mg/cm2. Its adsorption kinetics was in accordance with the first order kinetics model,and the adsorption isothermal was fitted to the Langmuir equation.


This study aims to determine how the implementation of listening learning for students who are non native speakers at the Madrasah Aliyah, and whether the factors that influence the differences in the implementation of listening learning for non-native students at the Madrasah Aliyah. This research is a qualitative descriptive study by describing the implementation of listening learning for non-native students at Madrasah Aliyah. The subjects of the study were Arabic Madrasah Aliyah teachers and students in Malang, East Java Regency. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews and observations. From this research, it is known that the implementation of listening learning for non-native speakers at Madrasah Aliyah level is divided into 3 categories, which are always applied, often applied, and sometimes applied. Each of these categories includes learning objective, material, method, media, and evaluation. Factors that influence the differences in the implementation of learning are differences in teacher creativity, material; media, evaluation; and limited facilities.
Keywords: Listening Learning; non-native students; Madrasah Aliyah


Recent reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of measles in young children emphasize the need for physician awareness of the risks of measles acquired during international travel and of the importance of early vaccination.

In January and February, seven cases of measles


This paper combined extrusion-expanding technology and malt-flavor chocolate coating technology,studied the processing flow,technology operating essential and quality controlling ways in producing process,made successfully the malt-flavor chocolate expanding food.It can be used widely in beverage field of goblet,support rods and egg roll category,attract customers′attention.And so malt-flavor chocolate expanding food has a prospect for the application.


In this paper we give an overview an integrated autonomous protection system against voltage instability that can be readily integrated in the controller of each bulk power delivery LTC transformer. The protection system will identify an imminent voltage instability and will subsequently apply the necessary corrective measures to restore stable operation by properly adjusting the distribution voltage setpoint of the LTC. Application of this system on a 52-bus test system showed excellent performance for two unstable cases. (8 pages)


The current-limiting interrupting device(CLID)is a higher level outcome of the traditional circuit breaker development.Traditional contact switch(or trigger gap)being appropriately hybridized with contactless device,i.e.GTO,super conducting device and thermal sensitive device will dominate the future development of switchgear.Through explaining several typical CLID principles,this paper analyzes the tendency of hybrid switchgear and suggests that switchgear works should step up the research and development of such device.


The sensitivity of the atmospheric radiation budget to ignoring small ice particles (D 100 m) in parameterization of the mean effective size of ice particles was investigated by using the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) third-generation general atmospheric circulation model (AGCM3). The results indicate that small ice particles play two crucial roles in the radiative transfer that influence the simulated climate. First, they inhibit the IR radiation from escaping to space and, second, they enhance the scattering of solar radiation. On average, these two effects tend to partially cancel each other out. However, based on AGCM simulations, the small ice crystals make clouds more opaque to IR radiation. Generally, 5-yr seasonally averaged GCM results suggest that the strongest anomalies in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) are found in the Tropics, reaching 15 to 25 W m 2 in areas where cold high cirrus anvil clouds are prevalent. The global average change in net cloud radiative forcing was 2.4 W m 2 in June–August (JJA) and 1.7 W m 2 in December–February (DJF). The change in globally averaged 5-yr mean cloud forcing was close to 1.9 W m 2 . When the small particles were included, the globally averaged 5-yr mean precipitation decreased by about 8%, but cloudiness increased only slightly (by 2%). The 5-yr averaged global mean surface (screen) temperature also increased slightly (about 0.2°C) when the small ice particles were included.


the phrase "post-9/11" seems inserted merely to create the semblance of fitting in with the title of the book. Perhaps Wilhite's breadth is a tad too far-ranging in the incorporation of certain articles, therefore causing the collection to miss its mark. While all the articles are well written and contain soundly supported arguments, their accumulated failure to provide a broader, more cohesive, understanding of the city since 9/11 leaves this reader wondering why there was need to publish, in book format, these varied articles. Wayne E. Arnold The University of Kitakyushu, Japan


Vegetation structure was surveyed in gullies developed by the melting of ice wedges along the Kolyma River, northern Siberia, using 72–50 × 50 cm plots. The mean total plant cover was approximately 50% on gley soils, which were only distributed in the gullies. Based on twinspan cluster analysis, four vegetation types were recognized: (i) Agrostis purpurascens grassland with Ceratodon purpureus moss carpet; (ii) Matricaria matricarioides forbland; (iii) Chamaenerium angustifolium and M. matricarioides forbland; and (iv) Descurainia sophia grassland. Species that produce seeds capable of long-distance dispersal established well. Of the environmental factors surveyed, the gully scales (height and width) and elevational difference within a plot were primarily related to the vegetation development. The gully height was correlated with soil pH and compaction that might be related to intensities of ground surface disturbances. Agrostis purpurascens established in large gullies, while Equisetum arvense and Salix alaxensis established in small gullies. Soil compaction was also related to the vegetation establishment patterns (e.g. Rumex sibirica did not establish on hard soils). We concluded that the gully scales primarily determine soil conditions, including ground surface instability as a function of slope and soil compaction, and subsequent community structure.


Aim: To determine whether gender‐specific responses to perinatal and neonatal events and exposures explain the male disadvantage in early childhood outcomes. Methods: Infants were in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network, born 1/1/1997–12/31/2000, <28 wk, with neurodevelopmental follow‐up at 18–22 mo corrected age. We evaluated and compared univariate and multivariate associations of risk factors with neurodevelopmental outcomes for girls and boys. Neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) was one or more of the following: moderate–severe cerebral palsy (CP), Bayley Mental (MDI) or Psychomotor (PDI) Development Indices <70, deafness or blindness. Results: Boys (n=1216) were more likely than girls (n=1337) to have adverse outcomes (moderate–severe CP: 10.7% vs 7.3%; MDI<70: 41.9% vs 27.1%; NDI: 48.1% vs 34.1%). Major risk factors were also more common in boys. Independent multivariate associations of risk factors with outcome differed by gender, but not consistently in favor of girls. In multivariate models including both girls and boys, male gender remained an independent risk factor for MDI<70 (2.0, 95% CI 1.6–2.5) and NDI (1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.2).


Unfractionated heparin (UFH) has almost always been the drug chosen for controlled anticoagulation in cardiac surgery (1). Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was first undertaken in 1953 (2). Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) has not been established as definitively superior to CABG using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Important complications with either technique include death, perioperative myocardial infarction, bleeding, stroke, defects in postoperative neurocognitive function, and renal failure and are still relatively frequent compared with other common operations (3).

There are many factors in the causation of these problems (4–6). The management of anticoagulation may affect the complex interplay between the endothelium, drugs, the coagulation cascade and the inflammatory response which characterizes all cardiac surgery (7).


Article deals with a review of contemporary methods that provide the ability to determine the functional state of the stomach, esophagus. Due to the improvement of modern research methods, methods that are capable of graphic registration of physiological processes are particularly important. Progression of technical capabilities contributed to the development of techniques, the essence of which lies in the long-term recording of sensors located on the intracavitary catheters. Thus, the method of endocavitary pH-measurement facilitates the diagnosis of intragastric pH and, very importantly, intraesophageal. Until now, the method of intraesophageal pH-monitoring was considered the «gold standard» for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The results of own researches of intraesophageal pH-monitoring in patients with GERD are provided. But many hours of pH monitoring of the esophagus showed only acid reflux, but alkaline and slightly alkaline refluxes remain outside of this method of investigation, so for the final identification of the causes of GERD symptoms the technique of impedance-pH-monitoring is being proposed. Impedance-pH-monitoring was proposed in 1991 by J. Silny as a method based on the evaluation of the motion of fluid, gas in the esophageal lumen by multiple impedance measurement with simultaneous registration of the pH. Technical capabilities of the impedance-pH-monitoring enabled to broaden our understanding of the physiological processes in the esophageal lumen and to determine the role of mixed, alkaline reflux in the development of GERD symptoms. This article presents the results of several studies conducted in different groups of patients with pathology of the upper digestive tract, which showed the superiority of impedance pH-monitoring and its high level of sensitivity and specificity in terms of reflux detection. The widespread introduction of new techniques and technologies into clinical practice will improve the efficiency and timeliness of medical care, avoiding time consuming for the selection of therapy, evaluation of its effectiveness.


Phase behavior for the mixed aqueous surfactant systems of cationic octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC)/anionic ammonium dodecyl sulfate (ADS)/water was examined. Below the total surfactant concentrations of 1.5 m molal, mixed micelles were formed. At the total surfactant concentrations higher than 1.5 m molal, there appeared a region where mixed micelles and vesicles coexist. As the surfactant concentration increased, the systems looked very turbid and much more vesicles were observed. The vesicles were spontaneously formed in this system and their existence was observed by negative-staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and encapsulation efficiency of dye. The vesicle region was where the molar fraction α of ADS to the total mixed surfactant was from 0.1 to 0.7 and the total surfactant concentration was above 5 × 10 −4 molality. The size and structure of the vesicles were determined from the TEM microphotographs and the SANS data. Their diameter ranged from 450 nm to 120 μm and decreased with increasing total surfactant concentration. The lamellar thickness also decreased from 15 nm to 5 nm with increasing surfactant concentration and this may be responsible for the decrease in vesicle size with the surfactant concentration. The stability of vesicles was examined by UV spectroscopy and zeta potentiometry. The vesicles displayed long-term stability, as UV absorbance spectra remained unchanged over two months. The zeta potentials of the vesicles were large in magnitude (40-70 mV) and the observed longterm stability of the vesicles may be attributed to such high ζ potentials.


The paper presents a review of the main obstacle that occurs in electrical equipment wireless communication networks. Wireless communications represent one of the biggest advantages in today's technology evolution. Remote access to the monitoring of electrical equipment is a necessity nowadays. All wireless connectivity devices are susceptible to wireless interference, communication devices within electrical equipment are no exception. There are many obstacles in the construction of power management equipment and buildings that can interfere with wireless communication signals. However, often the building elements of electrical equipment are more difficult to replace. The paper proposes a presentation of the main types of obstacles known in wireless communications. Also, it was proposed solutions to diminish the influences on the wireless communication network, in order to avoid operation malfunction of the electrical equipment.


In spite of meticulous planning, good documentation and proper process control during software development, occurrences of certain defects are unexpected. These are may lead to degradation of the quality which might be the underlying cause of failure. In today's situation, it's necessary to make conscious efforts to control and minimize defects in software engineering. However, these efforts cost, time and resources. This paper identifies important factors which in turn suggest the solutions to improve software quality and productivity. The paper also shows on how the various defect prediction models are implemented resulting in reduced magnitude of defects. Keywords--Defect Density, Defect Prediction, Machine Learning Algorithms, Software Defects, Software Quality


Objective To study the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on hyperoxia and ventilator induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats.Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: group A received large tidal volume with room air, group B received large tidal volume with 100% O2, group C was interfered with N-acetylcysteine. Arterial blood gases were measured every one hour to calculate oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2). Wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) of left lung was counted. WBCs, neutrophils, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the lung were assayed respectively.Results PaO2/FiO2 increased significantly in group C than that in group B. W/D of left lung, WBCs, neutrophils, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-2 levels in BALF, MDA levels in the lung were significantly lower, but the levels of SOD significantly increased in group C than those in group B.Conclusions N-acetylcysteine has obviously protective effects on hyperoxia and ventilator induced ALI in rats.


The electronic structure of Mn doped GaAs and GaN have been examined within a multiband Hubbard model. By virtue of the positioning of the Mn d states, Mn doped GaAs is found to belong to the p-d metal regime of the Zaanen-Sawatzky-Allen phase diagram and its variants while Mn doping in GaN belongs to the covalent insulator regime. Their location in the phase diagram also determines how they would behave under quantum confinement which would increase the charge transfer energy. The ferromagnetic stability of Mn doped GaAs, we find, increases with confinement therefore providing a route to higher ferromagnetic transition temperatures.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a terminal block device which sufficiently increases the degree of freedom of wiring in a connection direction and prevents a creep phenomenon without casting a conductive member.SOLUTION: In a terminal block device, first wiring is electrically connected with second wiring. The terminal block device includes: a terminal block body 27 formed by an insulation material; a cover body 28 formed by an insulation material and covering the terminal block body 27; a shaft member held by the terminal block body 27 and engaged with a crimp contact 24 of the first wiring and a crimp contact 26 of the second wiring; a cylindrical relay terminal 30 into which the shaft member is inserted, the cylindrical relay terminal 30 penetrating through the cover body 28 to be held; and a fastening member attached to the shaft member and fixing the crimp contact 24 of the first wiring and the crimp contact 26 of the second wiring. The relay terminal 30 includes: a first seating surface which contacts with the crimp contact 24 between the terminal block body 27 and the cover body 28; and a second seating surface which contacts with the crimp contact 26 at the outer side of the cover body 28.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6


This article deals with the dilemma of man's expectations from the environment and the responsiveness of the environment to man's desires. Can we find harmony between these opposing forces? The important issue is to pursue our honorable goals, hopefully, in the expectation of finding every element of harmony we can in the relationship between ourselves and the rest of nature, rediscovering old harmonies and perhaps finding some new ones too. This study focuses on some sample studies such as the Kohala Coast on the island of Hawaii and Abbas Abad hills in Tehran, to clearly play the concepts of preference and affordance against each other and use the criteria for sustainability as a framework. It concludes that in interpreting nature man reeducates himself and in the process his value system changes. Therefore in the long run a new culture will emerge which is more in harmony with the natural processes.


Maintaining brain slices in 95%O2 produces hyperoxia, oxidative stress and increased cell death, whereas decreasing control O2 to 20‐40% significantly decreases both oxidative stress and cell death (J. Neurophysiol. 98:1030‐41, 2007) and maintains neuronal excitability (Matott et al., this meeting). In this study, beginning at 20‐40%O2, we tested the hypothesis that acute hyperoxia and hypoxia both increase the rate of superoxide (·O2−) production in NTS neurons. Medullary slices (400μm, weaned rats, 36‐37oC) were maintained using 2‐sided superfusion. Intracellular ·O2− production was measured using dihydroethidium (DHE, 2.5μM) added to the superfusate. The rate of ·O2− production (δfluorescence intensity units/min, δFIU/min) increased during hypoxia (40/20%(0%O2) and was blocked by myxothiazol (10μM; inhibits ·O2− produced by mitochondrial Complex III). ·O2− production also increased during hyperoxia (20(95%O2), but to a lesser extent than during hypoxia, and was not blocked by myxothiazol. We propose that NTS neurons undergo redox stimulation and/or stress via increased ·O2− production during both hypoxia (Complex III) and hyperoxia (Complex I ?). We also hypothesize that the smaller increase in δFIUDHE/min during hyperoxia reflects increased production of ·NO during hyperoxia, which reacts with ·O2− (and thus consumes ·O2−) to yield peroxynitrite. ONR N000140710890, NIH R01 HL 56683‐10


This study was designed to explore how the electronic learning community (eLC) process at an established state virtual high school (SVHS) supported new and veteran online high school teachers through the communities of practice (CoP) framework. Specifically, this study focused on the institutionally-driven nature of the eLC process, using Wenger's CoP framework to analyze institutional factors that influenced the eLC process. Case study methods, including observation, interviews, and document analysis, were used to provide a rich and dynamic analysis of the eLC process in light of what research says about preparation and support for quality online teaching. While the institutionally-driven nature of the eLC process posed some barriers to alignment with the domain and community elements of the CoP framework, case study participants expressed that the eLC process impacted their practice and connected them to colleagues with which they could collaborate and problem solve. The use of strategies such as valuing the work of eLCs, removing barriers, and connecting the eLC process to the organizational strategy served to facilitate alignment with the CoP framework and overcome some of the potential disadvantages of an institutionally-driven eLC process.


The cloud computing is one of the technologies less known by many organizations and especially users, being a new technology based on the Internet, through which the information is stored on servers and is provided as a pay-for-usage service. The business benefits of the cloud extend to people with disabilities and industry needs to improve access to the cloud by ensuring that their cloud services are not limited to their own ecosystem, but they are following the W3C web accessibility requirements based on WCAG 2.0 and other requirements. The purpose of this paper is firstly to know the current situation of cloud computing and web accessibility from the perspective of the company, reviewing the existing literature. Secondly, we analyze the situation of the accessibility of cloud computing from a double scope: the European Union and, in particular, the situation in SMEs. Finally, the strategic positions of the European Commission about the consequences of the adoption of the cloud paradigm will be reviewed.


Introduction: Low-back pain syndromes are a common problem. The authors estimate that this ailment is experienced by more than 80% of populations in developed countries. The treatment of spine pain syndromes is an interdisciplinary issue. Therefore, a proper therapy must be multifactorial and take into consideration all aspects of a patient's life. The aim of this work was to compare subjective evaluation of the process of rehabilitation of patients suffering from ailments related to lumbar spine pain who received physiotherapy within the health insurance reimbursement in Poland and in France. Material and methods: The study included 100 patients who underwent physiotherapy due to lumbosacral spine pain complaints. The study group consisted of 50 participants who received physiotherapy in Poland and 50 subjects who underwent it in France. The authors' own questionnaire was employed in the study. It was prepared in two language versions, i.e. Polish and French. The questionnaire consisted of 34 questions on demography, pain complaints, the process of physiotherapy and the evaluation of pain on the VAS scale, before and after physiotherapy. Results: The assessment of the promptness of the employed treatments was statistically higher in the case of the patients in France (p=0.039). The general assessment of the physiotherapy process by the examined patients in Poland and in France was similar. No statistically significant differences were revealed in this respect (p=0.240). The process of the therapy was most often regarded as very good (66%). Conclusions: The patients with chronic lumbar spine pain undergoing therapy in France evaluated it higher than the patients in Poland. The effectiveness of physiotherapy in both countries did not vary considerably. France respects the rules of early intervention and extensiveness of physiotherapy to a larger degree than Poland. physiotherapy, spinal pain, kinesiotherapy, manual therapy email: firstname.lastname@example.com The research was finances from the authors' own resources Rehabilitation Advances in Rehabilitation/Postępy Rehabilitacji (2), 21–28, 2019 A – preparing concepts B – formulating methods C – conducting research D – processing results E – interpretation and


provides in a method for optical scanning and measuring an environment of a handheld scanner (100) which receives its surroundings and data to a control and evaluation device (122) which processes data provided by the hand-held scanner (100) and from 3D scan with a three-dimensional point cloud (3DP) is generated, a camera (113) captures a video image (VL) of the environment, which is displayed on a display (130) of the control and evaluation device (122), wherein the representation of the video image (VL) and / or the three-dimensional point cloud (3DP) by movement of the hand scanner (100) is controlled.


The taxonomic study of 20 populations of the Xiphinema americanum - group, collected from the Western Cape Province in South Africa, revealed the occurrence of three species: X. incognitum, Lamberti et Bleve - Zacheo, the most common, X. americanum sensu stricto Cobb, also widespread and X. pachtaicum (Tulaganov) Kirjanova, more restricted in its distribution. Identifications were confirmed by principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis of 17 morphometric characters, that indicated a clear separation of the three species among themselves and from X. diffusum Lamberti et Bleve-Zacheo and X. taylori Lamberti et al. to which some populations of X. incognitum were biometrically close.


Pulsed laser holography was applied to study the residual stresses and strains of friction welding joints between GH4169 and other different metals. The interference fringes pattern of the residual stresses and strains was gained by experiments and tentative analysis was made on the results of experiment.


Purpose: To investigate factors affecting business success in Nepal's micro-hydro sector.
Design/methodology/approach: The causal-comparative research design was adopted. It is based on primary data. The necessary data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 40 micro-hydro construction companies having 99 respondents. The data have been analyzed by estimating econometric models and correlation analysis through SPSS.
Results/findings: The paper concludes the company's success is positively impacted by financial resources for expansion, network ties, trust, and years of schooling with a higher impact. On the other side, determinants like initial investment, shared vision, and experience have a lower impact on the company's accomplishment.
Originality/value: No such study uses recent data related to Nepal's micro-hydro sector is accessible. The paper, therefore, is valuable for private companies, development actors, and policymakers to create an enabling environment for the company's accomplishment. This work may potentially be useful to academia for future studies.
Future Avenue: The expansion of this study may be achieved by investigating ways to motivate current employees and policy preparation friendly to acquire finance for the company's expansion instead of its establishment.
Paper type: Empirical research


The impulse that gave the ecclesiastic hierarchy to the development of the JOC must be interpreted in the context sealed by the working conflict, activated by the strikes of the sugar unions. It is held as hypothesis that, in this frame, the JOC acquired special relevancy as an alternative proposal of the Church to be inserted into disputes over union leadership model. The Church offered across the JOC a model of working catholic leader, under the values of productivity, conciliation of classes and opposition to the strikes as method of protest.


According to the actual power demand of bus, parameters of the power system are designed. In this process, the lowest fuel oil consumption is taken as the goal, and the basic power demand is satisfied. The dynamic performance's simulation of the plug-in vehicle model in Cruise is realized using the control strategy model established in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation result indicated that the plug-in HEV designed can achieve the anticipated target, the engine's operating performance is improved, and the efficiency is enhanced.


Several methods have been used to prepare s-RNA* from micro-organisms, usually involving either direct phenol extraction of whole cells (Holley, 1963) or phenol extraction of a ribosomefree supernatant fraction (Tissi6res, 1959). Some techniques have involved only protein removal, and these preparations are usually heterogeneous and may contain several minorRNA components having no transfer function (Brown, 1963; Richards & Gratzer, 1964). Only further purification by methods such as the use of Sephadex G-100 (Schleich & Goldstein, 1966a) will result in the isolation of uncontaminated t-RNA. We have examined by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels s-RNA preparations from Eseherichia coli obtained both from whole cells and supernatant fractions by using modifications of the methods of Holley (1963) and Tissieres (1959). Such s-RNA preparations, when analysed by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation as described by Cannon, Krug & Gilbert (1963), sediment as single peaks with no apparent contamination from other RNA. We now show, however, that, though supernatant preparations show exclusively one component on gel electrophoresis, whole-cell preparations yield mainly two components, the second ofwhich derives entirely from the ribosomes. E. coli (strain B 163) was grown, harvested and washed as described by Cannon (1966). s-RNA was isolated by two different methods. In the whole-cell method, cells were harvested and washed and then suspended in water (2g. wet wt. in 15ml.). The suspension was then mixed with an equal volume of phenol (90%, w/v) (Kirby, 1956) and shaken for 60min. at room temperature. The mixture was centrifuged to separate the two phases and the top aqueous layer was collected. The phenol layer was extracted for a further 15min. with an equal volume of water and centrifuged. The combined aqueous layers from the two extractions were centrifuged (700g) to remove traces of phenol, 0-2vol. of 5MNaCl was added and theRNA was precipitated with 2 vol. of 95°% (v/v) ethanol. The RNA was collected


Abstract Effective parent involvement programmes depend primarily on the capacities of teachers to work effectively with families in school- based initiatives. However, teachers generally receive little preparation for parent involvement. Responding to this need, an in-service teacher education programme has been introduced at a South African university. Teachers enrolled in the programme are required to complete a field-based assignment entailing the implementation of a parent involvement activity in their schools. A grounded theory inquiry was conducted to explore how teachers made this happen and to develop a substantive theory in this regard. Teachers' written accounts of the activity were selected over a twoyear period by means of theoretical sampling and were then analysed, using grounded theory coding and constant comparative analysis. The emerging substantive theory suggests that the core categories at work in the schools interact and form a pattern that could be repeated over time to improve the ...


In Tax Case No 1837 (71 SATC 177 (2009)), Van Reenen J delivered a judgment in the Cape Tax Court in an appeal by a taxpayer against an assessment by the Commissioner of the South African Revenue Service. This assessment disallowed a claimed deduction from income of legal costs incurred by the taxpayer in resisting a civil claim of defamation.


Application is described of a PLC (programmable logic controller) for the gathering of data from solid-state motor protective devices and displaying that information in a control room some distance away. The PLC logic programming and BASIC programming required to accomplish this display of information are described. Programming tools and techniques to aid the engineer in implementing such a system are discussed.<<ETX>>


OBJECTIVE: Although the effect of individual enzyme inhibitors on hepatic microsomal enzyme activity has been studied extensively, little data exist on the effects of combinations of inhibiting agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of a second hepatic oxidative enzyme inhibitor on the inhibition of metabolism in subjects already maximally inhibited by cimetidine. Ciprofloxacin was used as the second inhibitor.


Pasta is a popular food item among consumers all over the world. They have high energy value, low cost and long shelf life. However, the biological value of these products is quite low. Adding components rich in dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals to their composition will significantly improve their nutritional value. The purpose of the article is to analyze the possibility of producing pasta with the addition of derivatives from the processing of wild berries Sambucus nigra, Viburnum opulus, Hippophae rhamnoides L., which have a rich nutrient composition and are available raw materials. The technology, developed in the work for processing berries by osmotic dehydration, allows the use of gentle drying modes, which contributes to the maximum preservation of their biological value. Sensory evaluation of pasta was carried out according to the Croatian Official Methods, moisture content of pasta was determined by drying to constant weight. Sensory analysis of pasta showed that the addition of powders does not lead to a deterioration in their quality. Their appearance, taste, smell, shape and elasticity are improved. The quality of the pasta samples, containing 5 % of the powder, was determined as "good" according to the results of the evaluation of the tasting group. And the samples with a powder content of 10 % have a "high" quality. The addition of powders has practically no effect on the drying conditions and moisture content of the finished products. With the addition of Viburnum opulus powders, the moisture content is reduced compared to controls. Humidity of all samples is within the permissible limits, which indicates their resistance to storage


The Two-degree-of-freedom direct drive induction motor, which is capable of linear, rotary and helical two, has a wide application in special industry such as industrial robot arms. It is inevitable that the linear motion and rotary motion generate coupling effect on each other on account of the high integration. The analysis of this effect has great significance in the research of two-degree-of-freedom motors, which is also crucial to realize precision control of them. The coupling factor considering the coupling effect is proposed and addressed by 3D finite element method. Then the corrected mathematical model is presented by importing the coupling factor. The results from it are verified by 3D finite element model and prototype test, which validates the corrected mathematical model.


Students of the philology program at Rēzekne Higher Education Institution have been participating in field research since 2002. The subject of field research conducted in Viļaka – folk belief and superstition – was not chosen by chance. While conducting an expedition, information was received that Viļaka has several natural observers who study and record beliefs; however, during the period of field research only Vilis Bukss, one of Latvia's most famous naturalists, agreed to share his experiences. 58 respondents were surveyed in Viļaka, and 130 beliefs were recorded between 19 respondent interviews. Linguoculturological and linguocognitological analysis principles were used in the research (Wierzbicka 1997, Krasnikh 2003, Maslova 2004, Sabimova 2013, Fattakhova, Kulkova 2015). As previously mentioned, the empirical material consists of Bukss' catalogue of beliefs (529 units), in addition to those collected in Viļaka (~130 units), illustrating comprehension on the part of the respondents of contemporary genres of belief. The article is divided into two main sections: the genres and functions of beliefs, and Bukss' calendar of beliefs and language profile. Contemporary belief is studied from the perspective of genre as well as language. There are various definitions that describe the genre of belief. In this article – belief is a genre of short folklore that influences human behavior, and which is primarily implicated in connection with natural phenomena, the qualities of objects and life events. Estrangement from nature, trust in various sources of information and the negative, skeptical attitude of the church frames belief as meteorological, minimizing discourse of its ability to explain regularities in life; however, at the same time real superstitious beliefs are still clearly visible – premonitions associated with visceral reactions, vegetable planting, growth observations, etc., and the discourse of belief is certainly present for the people of Viļaka. In general, however, superstitions have lost their regulative and informative functions, and the prognostic function is more associated with a desire for peace of mind, rather than reliance upon self-evident assumptions to forecast the future. Bukss' natural observation calendar shows that belief today is of fundamental importance to the world order, natural processes and the modeling and interpretation of human behavior.


In 1970, the US Atomic Energy Commission established a transuranic'' (TRU) waste classification. Waste disposed of prior to the decision to retrievably store the waste and which may contain TRU contamination is referred to as buried transuranic-contaminated waste'' (BTW). The DOE reference plan for BTW, stated in the Defense Waste Management Plan, is to monitor it, to take such remedial actions as may be necessary, and to re-evaluate its safety as necessary or in about 10-year periods. Responsibility for management of radioactive waste and byproducts generated by DOE belongs to the Secretary of Energy. Regulatory control for these sites containing mixed waste is exercised by both DOE (radionuclides) and EPA (hazardous constituents). Each DOE Operations Office is responsible for developing and implementing plans for long-term management of its radioactive and hazardous waste sites. This comprehensive plan includes site-by-site long-range plans, site characteristics, site costs, and schedules at each site. 13 figs., 15 tabs.


UTI caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) is reportedly the most common infection. According to current knowledge, antimicrobial resistance of these gram-negative bacteria especially to Beta-lactam antibiotics, further add on to the problem. Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli in urine cannot be detected by routine disk diffusion susceptibility test, which may lead to inappropriate use of antibiotics and thus ineffective treatment. The aim of this study was thus to determine the susceptibility pattern and phenotypic detection of ESBL producing E. coli from UTI patients. A total of 247 E. coli isolated insignificant number from UTI patients were included in the study and identified by conventional biochemical tests as per laboratory protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method for ten antibiotics of different groups. Isolates showing resistance to thirdgeneration cephalosporin were further tested for confirmation of ESBL production by Double disc approximation test, combined disc diffusion test and confirmed by ESBL E-test. During the study period 6084 urine samples from suspected UTI patients were tested. 56% (3397) were found to be caused by E. coli. Out of which 247 E. coli isolates chosen for the study. 20% were found to be ESBL producers by various phenotypic methods. The majority of the isolates were from males i.e., 53.8% (133) and females were 46.2% (114). UTI was observed highest amongst outpatients (61.9%) followed by various IPD wards (34.8%) and ICUs (0.3%). Among the isolates high degree of resistance was seen against Norfloxacin (81.7%), ciprofloxacin (77.7%) followed by amoxyclav (70.4%). Results indicate that UTI due to ESBL producing E. coli is common in the community. Thus, routine ESBL detection should be made compulsory not only in indoor patients but in outdoor patients also.


The present invention relates to ( "HEV") system and method for a hybrid electric vehicle trailer towing stability. The system includes a regenerative braking system, a regenerative braking system and a non-stabilized system. The stabilization system and determines a steering speed HEV, HEV and compared with a predetermined low speed threshold value and a predetermined threshold speed. When the speed is less than or equal to a predetermined low speed threshold, the stabilization system indicates a regenerative braking system braking at least one wheel; when the speed is greater than a predetermined threshold speed, braking and regenerative braking system indicating at least a steering wheel opposite, and indicating a non-regenerative braking system and a regenerative braking system to the at least one steering wheel provided with at least one additional stabilization reverse braking torque.


Isolated defects induced by water and acid gases have been extensively characterized in ZIF-8, a prototypical metal–organic framework material, but there is little understanding regarding how these...


Objective To study the location diagnostic value of inching test and routine EMG in Cubital Canal Syndrome. Methods 87 patients with Cubital Canal Syndrome were treated with the incling test together with the the routine EMG.Results One or more indexes of inching test were abnormal in 78 nerves(86%); all the 91 patients were divided into group A (slight) with 33 cases, group B (mild) with 23 cases, group C (severe) 31 cases. The highest positive rate was the reducing of amplitude, then was the significant changes of wave form and the extended duration, and the reducing of conduction velocity. The reducing of amplitude were more than 30% in all the three groups. The incling test hase the highest positive rate(P0.01)compared with the routine EMG(69%).Conclusion The incling test might have an important role in the location diagnosis of Cubital Canal Sydrome. The significant decrease of amptitude migh has higher positive rate compared with that of the conduction velocity.


Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala azar is caused by the parasite Leishmania donovani. VL is associated with high fever, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly and if untreated, it can be fatal Current first-line chemotherapy against VL rather depends on a limited number of drugs like pentavalent
antimonial, amphotericin B, and miltefosine, but these drugs have serious problems associated with them as emerging resistance, high toxicity, serious side effects, or high costs. Inactivation of cell-mediated immune system results in parasite-specific clinical symptoms like fever, cachexia, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and blood cytopenia during VL. Immune response against microbes including, Leishmania is directed via pro-inflammatory and modulatory cytokines. Th1/Th2 paradigm is shifts in favour of Leishmania, and thus parasite survival, during infection resulting in impaired microbicidal machinery of macrophages as evidenced by modification.. IL-12 driven increase in Th1 cells,
macrophage activation, through production of IFN-γ and generation of ROS and NO contributes to the control of L. donovani infection. Th1 cytokine generation and production of ROS is mediated by fucoidan, so we tested its therapeutic
efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo model of visceral leishmaniasis. Our data demonstrated that fucoidan could confer complete protection to both antimonysusceptible
and –resistant L. donovani strains by switching the functional differentiation of Th2-type CD4+ cells to Th1-type as well as up regulation of NO and ROS. NO and ROS generation is a protective strategy of macrophages to clear the Leishmania parasites, which survives within the hostile environment of macrophages by hindering their microbicidal mechanisms of production of ROS and NO. Numerous pathways are intimately involved in strictly regulating the
macrophage effector response and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway is
80
one of the most ancient and conserved pathways, which plays an important role in
generation of ROS and NO. Leishmania parasite promotes its survival within the
macrophage by dysregulating PKC pathway. PKC is activated via its membrane
insertion and, lipophosphoglycan (LPG), a leishmanial surface molecule is known
to negatively regulate typical PKC isoforms by inhibiting their membrane
insertion. Leishmania is known to increase the expression of atypical PKC
isoforms (PKC-e and ζ), while Ca2+ dependent PKC-β expression decreases
during infection. IL-10 production is a characterstic Th2 cytokine which
increases during infection and Leishmania parasite are known to increase IL-10
production via deactivation of PKC-β. Moreover NF-κB, a major transcription
factor known to assist host immune system in clearing the parasite burden is also
dysregulated by Leishmania, via modulation of PKC signaling. MAPK pathway,
which is upstream to NF-κB is also known to be inhibited by Leishmania
parasites for its survival with the host. Activation of MAPK signaling pathways
by various stimuli induced NF-κB activation either through the phosphorylation
of its inhibitor, IκB or by direct post-transcriptional modification of its p65
subunit. Thus, Leishmania successfully evades the macrophage microbicidal
machinery and thrives in, through deregulating production of NO and ROS.
Establishment of an effective immune response therefore may depend on
stimulation of PKC signaling as well as MAPK-mediated activation of NF-κB,
which may prove a potential advancement in therapy of leishmaniasis.
Previously we have already established that fucoidan can completely cure
both antimony-susceptible and-resistant strains of L. donovani through NO and
ROS upregulation. Shifting of Th1/Th2 paradigm in favour of host was the main
effect of fucoidan, which ultimately resulted in increased production of NO and
ROS and clearance of parasetimia. Our present study clearly demonstrated that
antileishmanial response of fucoidan was mediated via induction of iNOS and
pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as activation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK,
which in turn activated NF-κB. Interestingly, further investigations illuminated
the functional involvement of distinct PKC isoforms in fucoidan-mediated MAPK
activation. Moreover, the present investigation provides the first in vivo evidence
81
for the fact that activation of NF-κB by fucoidan may be a prerequisite for shifting
the cytokine balance toward disease-resolving Th1 mode for complete elimination
of organ parasite burden.
Chapter III
Natural compounds are gaining importance since it has filled the void in
the search of the alternative compounds with anti-parasitic activity. Many dietary
compounds have assessed as potential chemopreventive agents. Fucoidan, a
polyanionic, sulphated polysaccharide mainly consisting of L-fucose, is known to
maintain the cell wall integrity of brown algae, and has many important biological
functions including anti-angiogenic, anti-tumour, antimalarial, contraceptive and
immuno-modulatory activities. Immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of
Fucoidan may be mediated by the release of NO and ROS from macrophages.
Phosphorylation of kinase plays an important role in activation of macrophages,
but uncontrolled activation of anything is harmful which could be detrimental for
the cell. It is necessary for the cells that both the protein kinases and phosphatases
maintain their physiological balance to sustain a normal regulation of events. The
present investigation was aimed towards exploring whether ROS has any effect
on the kinase phosphatase balance maintained by fucoidan mediated
antileishmanial effect in macrophage culture as well as in animal model of
visceral leishmaniasis. Moreover, we found that ROS quencher NAC can revert
the beneficial effects mediated by fucoidan as Th1 cytokine production, activation
of p38 and ERK MAPK.


The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Manggarai Regency in 2019 is 535 people and some of them have diabetic foot ulcers. Patients with diabetic foot ulcers had a higher risk of falling than others.This study was to determine the risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers and the risk of falls in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A quantitative study using a cross-sectional study was conducted at BLUD RSUD dr. Ben Mboi  in April-June 2020 (n = 51).The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a questionnaire of diabetic foot screening and risk stratification form and Morse scale. Logistic regression results showed that there was a significant relationship between claudication (AOR: 8.409, 95% CI 1.664-42.500, p value 0.010), history of previous diabetic foot ulcers (AOR: 5,680, 95% CI 1,151-28,035, p value 0.033) with diabetic foot ulcers. There was a significant relationship between hypertension (AOR: 0.152, 95% CI 0.028-0.834, p value 0.030), diabetic foot ulcers (AOR: 11.392, 95% CI 1.277-101.651, p value 0.029) with the risk of falling for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Assessment of the risk of diabetic foot ulcers and the risk of falls should be done in patients with diabetes mellitus with or without neuropathy peripheral


Abstract Multiple diffraction techniques for quantitative phase determination of macromolecular crystals are briefly described and overviewed. The modified second-order iterative approximation [Chang, S. L.; Tang, M. T.: Acta Cryst. A44 (1988) 1065] is employed to derive analytic expressions for the phase sensitivity of multiple diffraction and the visibility of multiple diffraction line profiles. Calculated visibility and sensitivity of three-beam cases of the protein, aldose reductase, are illustrated. The functions used for intensity profile fitting in the quantitative phase determination procedure are also modified accordingly. This calculation provides an effective way of choosing appropriate reflections for experimentally generating useful three-beam diffractions for phase analysis. Other practical issues are also addressed.


The proportion of very elderly people within the general population is steadily increasing. These people, who often have coexisting medical problems and a limited life expectancy, may pose a dilemma for Orthopaedic Surgeons when referred for elective Orthopaedic procedures. The purpose of this study is to review the outcome of primary hip and knee arthroplasty in patients aged 90, and over, who are registered with the Trent Regional Arthroplasty Database. Between 1990 and 2000, prospective data was collected on patients aged 90, and over, undergoing primary total hip and knee arthroplasty. Data collection was carried out on behalf of the Trent Regional Arthroplasty Audit Group. The present living status of these patients was confirmed using patient administrations systems of the hospitals involved. Missing data was obtained from the Office for National Statistics. Those patients alive at one year were sent a simple satisfaction questionnaire regarding their operation. 144 patients underwent 149 hip or knee arthroplasty procedures over this eleven year period. The group comprised 122 (85%) females and 27 (15%) males. There were 93 (62%) total hip replacements and 56 (38%) total knee replacements. Ostcoarthritis was the predominant reason for surgery. There was only one intra-operative complication, comprising a fractured femur during a total hip replacement. 78 patients have died since their surgery. The crude mortality rate at one year was 11. 5%. The median survival was 34 months. 51% of the patients returned satisfaction questionnaires one year after the operation. From this group the satisfaction rates for hip and knee arthroplasty were 93. 6% and 92. 6% retrospectively. With suitable pre-operative assessment, primary total hip and knee arthroplasty can be a successful operation with a high satisfaction rate. This is an age group with a high mortality regardless of surgery, and age alone should not be a determining factor in deciding whether a patient will benefit from primary hip or knee arthroplasty.


The Magellanic Stream is unique to sample the MW potential from ~50 kpc to 300 kpc, and is also unique in constraining the LMC mass, an increasingly important question for the Local Group/Milky Way modeling. Here we compare strengths and weaknesses of the two types of models (tidal and ram-pressure) of the Magellanic Stream formation. I will present our modeling for the formation of the Magellanic System, including those of the most recent discoveries in the Stream, in the Bridge and at the outskirts of Magellanic Clouds. This model has been successful in predicting most recent observations in both properties of stellar and gas phase. It appears that it is an over-constrained model and provides a good path to investigate the Stream properties. In particular, this model requires a LMC mass significantly smaller than 110^{11} Msun


1 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in many biological processes. It is known that aberrant miRNA expression contributes to some pathological conditions. However, it is not known whether miRNAs play any role in the development of insulin resistance in adipocytes, a key pathophysiological link between obesity and diabetes. 2 To investigate the function of miRNAs in the development of insulin resistance, using miRNA microarray analysis we compared miRNA expression profiles between normal insulin‐sensitive 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes rendered insulin resistant following treatment with high glucose (25 mmol/L) and high insulin (1 µmol/L). Furthermore, adipocytes were transfected with specific antisense oligonucleotides against miRNA‐320 (anti‐miR‐320 oligo) and the effects on the development of insulin resistance were evaluated. 3 We identified 50 upregulated and 29 downregulated miRNAs in insulin‐resistant (IR) adipocytes, including a 50‐fold increase in miRNA‐320 (miR‐320) expression. Using bioinformatic techniques, the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) was found to be a potential target of miR‐320. In experiments with anti‐miR‐320 oligo, insulin sensitivity was increased in IR adipocytes, as evidenced by increases in p85 expression, phosphorylation of Akt and the protein expression of the glucose transporter GLUT‐4, as well as insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake. These beneficial effects of anti‐miR‐320 oligo were observed only in IR adipocytes and not in normal adipocytes. 4 In conclusion, the miRNA profile changes in IR adipocytes compared with normal 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Anti‐miR‐320 oligo was found to regulate insulin resistance in adipocytes by improving insulin–PI3‐K signalling pathways. The findings provide information regarding a potentially new therapeutic strategy to control insulin resistance.


Condition monitoring helps to avoid unexpected failures of equipments. Rolling element bearings are critical components in rotating equipments. Vibration analysis is a common method used for defect detection and diagnosis of rotating equipments without effecting their operation. The measured vibration signal contains noise, modulations and low frequency components due to unbalance, misalignment, structural losseness etc. Since the impulses due to bearing defects are having low amplitude, it is difficult to detect and identify the location of bearing defect from raw vibration signals, especially during the initial stages of defect development. Since there are more transfer segments, detection of inner race and rolling element defects are also challenging. Morlet wavelet filter (MWF) can be used for denoising of vibration signals so that condition monitoring of bearings can be performed from the denoised signals. The parameters of the wavelet need to be optimized before denoising is performed. Two algorithms used for optimization of MWF are compared in this paper. First algorithm use Shannon entropy and kurtosis for optimization of shape factor and scale of the wavelet respectively. Second algorithm uses kurtosis for optimization of wavelet parameters. Experiments are performed to obtain vibration signal of bearings with defect induced in the rolling element. MWF optimized using the proposed methods were used to denoise the vibration signals. The filtered signals are compared and performances of the algorithms are evaluated.


A multifunctional set enables an exchange of information between users via a network or independently of any network. User input to the set is by means of keyboard sensors 1,1', a multifunction keyswitch 20, and a microphone 19. The sensors couple the user's body-field to the gate of a field-effect transistor (9, Fig 3) of the set's circuitry. The keyswitch 20 (detailed in Fig 2) includes a roller (1'), a cylinder (1), provides five rotational and one translational degrees of freedom (e.g. for control of a displayed cursor), and has a security key/lock mechanism (9', 17', 23'). The set has a loudspeaker output, and a swivelling cover 23 on to which an image is projected by an integrated diode display and optical system in adjustable support arms 18. The cover includes a dipole antenna 4. Functions of the set include storing and editing data, translation of written and/or spoken language, use as a cordless video-phone or TV remote control, accessing on-line services and voice-mail.


Fabrication of a modified glucose pH enzyme electrode, using cellulose acetate instead of cellophane, and its performance are described. A physico-mathematical model that considers glucose transport across the membrane from the bulk into the enzyme solution layer, subsequent proton generation as a consequence of glucose oxidation by the enzyme glucose oxidase, and proton transport back through the membrane into the bulk solution is developed. Proper rate equations are simultaneously solved. Experimental and theoretical results are compared.


LED light fittings are highly efficient. As a downside, due to the high power density, efficient cooling solutions are needed. This paper presents a comparison between a high-power COB (chip-on-board) LED light fitting that uses the passive cooling method with heat sink and heat pipe and one using the active cooling method with heat sink, fan and heat pipe. This paper discusses how fans, heat pipes and passive heat sinks can be combined to cool high power COB LEDs without significantly increasing the dimensions, mass and complexity of the fitting, and without significantly increasing its power consumption. Although the use of fans and heat pipes for LED cooling is not new, in this paper a comparison is made between the two methods in terms of fitting temperature, LED direct voltage, total power consumption as well as from the point of view of illumination.


It is the early evening of Friday the 16th October 1987. In the equity markets it has been an unusually turbulent week which has seen the S&P 500 index fall by 9.21%. On that Friday alone the index is down 5.25% on the previous day, the largest one-day fall since 1962. Against this background, a young employee in a risk management division of a major bank is asked to calculate a worst case scenario for a future fall in the index. He has at his disposal all daily closing values of the index since 1960 and can calculate from these the daily percentage returns ( gure 1). The employee is fresh out of university where he followed a course in extreme value theory as part of his mathematics degree. He therefore decides to undertake an analysis of annual maximal percentage falls in the daily index value. He reduces his data to 28 annual maxima, corresponding to each year since 1960 and including the unusually large percentage fall of the present day. These maxima are:


This study aims to analyze the influence of fundamental factors on systematic risk. Fundamental factors are represented by the current ratio (CR), debt to equity ratio (DER), return on equity (ROE), and price earning ratio (PER). While the systematic risk for this study is calculated using the beta value of the stock. The research uses a quantitative approach with verification research methods. The sample used in this study is issuers who are members of the LQ 45 group during the 2017-2021 period. The analysis technique used is multiple regression. The results showed that DER and PER partially affect systematic risk, while CR and ROE partially have no effect on systematic risk. However, simultaneously these factors affect the systematic risk.


In this study, a novel approach to measure the absolute cytoplasmic Ca concentration ([Ca]cyt) using the Ca 2+ indicator fluo-3 AM was established. The parameters associated with the probe fluo-3 AM were optimized to accurately determine fluorescence intensity from the Ca-bound probe. Using three optimized parameters (final concentration of 6 mM probe, incubation time of 135 min, loading probe before plasma treatment), the maximum fluorescence intensity (Fmax=527.8 a.u.) and the minimum fluorescence intensity (Fmin=63.8 a.u.) were obtained in a saturated Ca solution or a solution of lacking Ca. Correspondingly, the maximum [Ca]cyt induced by cold plasma was 1232.5 nM. Therefore, the Ca 2+ indicator fluo3 AM was successfully applied to measure the absolute [Ca]cyt in Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulated by cold plasma at atmospheric air pressure.


The verb paradigms of declarative clauses in Unua (an Oceanic language of Malakula, Vanuatu) have a distinct Irrealis prefix b- contrasting with zero marking for the Realis. In relative clauses, however, the Irrealis b- contrasts with a prefix m- encoding realis interpretations. On the basis of comparative evidence, the synchronic m- prefix is a remnant of an earlier Realis *mw- that has become specialized for use in relative clauses. The diachronic loss of overt morphology in unmarked categories is not unusual. What is unusual in the Unua case is the retention and specialization of the morphology for the unmarked category in a sub-class of constructions, relative clauses. This paper sketches out the likely significant factors in the historical changes giving rise to the synchronic state. These include conditioned phonological weakening and effects of the salience of the m- prefix in the cross-construction noun modification functional role.


How does stock market volatility relate to the business cycle? We develop, and estimate, a no-arbitrage model to study the cyclical properties of stock volatility and the risk-premiums the market requires to bear the risk of uctuations in this volatility. The level of stock market volatility cannot be explained by the mere existence of the business cycle. Rather, it relates to the presence of some unobserved factor. At the same time, our model predicts that such an unobservable factor cannot explain the ups and downs stock volatility experiences over time - the "volatility of volatility." Instead, the volatility of stock volatility relates to the business cycle. Finally, volatility risk-premiums are strongly countercyclical, even more so than stock volatility, and are partially responsible for the large swings in the VIX index occurred during the 2007-2009 subprime crisis, which our model does capture in out-of-sample experiments.


In recent years, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted tremendous attention for their excellent performances of increased luminous efficiency and improved color rendering for the solid-state lighting application, such as street illumination, display backlighting, and automotive lighting. With the ever-growing attention on energy saving, the luminous efficiency becomes the most fundamental evaluation criterion of the LED design. Moreover, most commercial LEDs are with a circular-symmetry-based radiation pattern, which provides a nonuniform illuminance distribution. In other words, LEDs without packaging design cannot directly meet the requirements of general applications. Therefore, the lighting pattern should be taken into consideration as a key factor. In addition, high-quality lighting always provides uniform color distribution. Optical-design-based LED packaging makes it possible to achieve high luminous efficiency, controllable light patterns, and high color uniformity simultaneously. However, optical designs for LED packaging are confronted with various technical challenges. A deep and comprehensive consideration of existing problems enables the advancement of processes and designs in LED packaging. In this paper, we summarize the recent progresses of optical designs to improve lighting performance for LED packaging. This summarization of recent significant progresses provides a comprehensive understanding of the methods for promoting the development of LED packaging and application technologies.


The staff is enterprise mainstay as well as persons to create the best profits for their enterprise.So one of enterprise core tasks is to give full play to the staff's work initiative.The author advocates cultivating their master consciousness,strengthening their democracy consciousness,meeting their demands for becoming talented persons and decreasing their psychological pressure.


Recently "Earthquake Resistance Design Regulations for Subway structures" has been established. It is the first time in our country. In this paper the regulations is reviewed and expalined briefly. Contents for the Performance Based Design Criteria and the estimation method for the design earthquake reponse spectrum in underground structures are reviewed. Earthquake resistance design for the evaluation of liquifaction, boundary spring coefficients for structural analysis modelling and soil response displacements are investigated and described also. Earthquake resitance design details shall be explained.


Zhu et al. : Study of Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Clopidogrel on Progressive Ischemic Stroke To investigate the efficacy of low molecular weight heparin calcium combined with clopidogrel in treating progressive ischemic stroke is the objective of the study. 150 patients of progressive ischemic stroke in 3201 hospital were divided into observation group and control group, 75 patients in each group. In addition to conventional therapy, the control group was treated with low molecular weight heparin calcium while the observation group was treated with low molecular weight heparin calcium and clopidogrel. The efficacy of the two groups after drug treatment, National institutes of health stroke scale score, neuropathy disability score and serum C-reactive protein level before treatment, and 7 d and 14 d after treatment was compared and analyzed. The effective rate of observation group was 86.7 % and the control group was 76.0 %. Serum C-reactive protein levels were compared between the two groups before treatment (p>0.05). The C-reactive protein values were decreased in both groups, but the C-reactive protein values in observation group and 7 d and 14 d after treatment were reduced more obviously than control group (all, p<0.05). Low molecular weight heparin combined with clopidogrel can effectively treat progressive ischemic stroke and improve the neurological function of progressive ischemic stroke patients, which is worth of clinical application.


SINCE the Mental Hygiene Clinic of the Veterans Administration began operation in Boston on March 18, 1946, a number of questions have been asked concerning the management of patients, the therapeu...


This paper gives a brief description of the DUET blind source separation algorithm, and applies the technique to synthetic seismic signals, to separate explosive sources in a volcano. The source separation method worked successfully to separate two contemporary explosive sources in a 3D structural model of Mt Etna. The sources were separated almost perfectly (with a 15dB signal to interference ratio).


Abstract The paper introduces a motion simulation, monitoring, and controlling system based on a three-degree-of-freedom (3DOF) motion platform, stereographic display, and network communication. Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and fuzzy logic (FL) controllers are applied to control the motion platform and to compare their control qualities with each other. Two applications of the present system are demonstrated. One is a car simulator, in which the motion platform simulates the behaviour of a car running on the road. The other one is an animated virtual reality (VR) remote control system. By cooperating with real-time virtual scene reconstruction, users can remotely monitor and control the motion platform in real-time.