Abstract The tribe Bactrophorini of the Bactrophorinae is briefly reviewed. Two new genera are erected: Mayalina, and Hylaezentia. Three new species (M. cohni, M. teapensis and M. chajulensis) of Mayalina are described. A key to the genera of the tribe is included. A cladistic analysis of morphological characters indicates that the Bactrophorini genera fall into two well-supported clades. The first, ("Hyleacrae", after its most basal member) has as its basal branches, the exclusively Amazonian Hyleacris and the Amazonian and Central American Bactrophora; as its crown group it contains all the remaining Central American genera except Mezentia. The Central American genera of the Hyleacrae fall into two lineages: first, the sister genera Cristobalina and Mayalina (the "Cristobalina genus group") of Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, and secondly the "Rhicnoderma genus group", composed of four genera (Rhicnoderma Gerstaecker, 1889, Lempira (Rehn, 1938) and Pararhicnoderma Rowell, 2012, which occur from Southern Mexico south to Panama, plus the Panamanian endemic Panamacris Rehn, 1938, which is apparently the sister genus of Rhicnoderma). The second clade of the tribe ("Borae", after its most basal member, Bora) contains four exclusively Amazonian genera, plus the fifth and most derived genus, Mezentia, which has both Central American and Colombian species. In the Borae there is a second basal genus, Silacris, and then a crown group consisting of three very closely related genera, Mezentia, Andeomezentia and Hylaezentia, here referred to as the "Mezentia genus group".


The migration of virtual router has attracted a lot of attention from researchers in the new network architecture field, due to the potential to cope with emerging challenges, such as energy consumption and resource fragmentation problem. In this paper, we focus on general virtual router architecture VRSM (Virtual Router Supporting Migration), composed by a cluster of servers. Compared with other architectures, VRSM introduces intelligently interface plane, management switch and data switch. The interface plane is used to switch data traffic to new forward instances and other two switches can guarantee bandwidth separation between migration traffic and data traffic in migration process. Based on VRSM architecture, we put forward a migration strategy DMVR (Dynamic Migration of Virtual Router), which can dynamically migrate a virtual router instance from one physical server to another without disrupting the network topology. Our experiment shows that DMVR strategy results in minimal impact in the data plane and brief downtime in the control plane.


Extracted from text ... Number 48 - Part 2
EG van den Berg
Securitisation and asset-backed securities in South Africa
Part two - Rolling the securitisation dice: mathematical logistics pertaining to securitisation in S.A.
1. Introduction
In crystallising the understanding of the concepts of securitisation, it is necessary to look at the mathematics involved when costing
securitisation and pricing asset-backed securities. These issues are explained here using mortgage securitisation as the example. Mortgage
securitisation was the base from which securitisation developed internationally. The objective of this article is to illustrate the costing and
pricing mechanics involved in securitisation, with the aim of broadening the ..


Abstract : Future military operations are likewise very likely to include allies, long term partners or ad hoc coalitions, and this can be either a boon or a curse to the operational commander who must take into account political and other considerations when conducting operational planning. In some regards, having multinational partners proves beneficial to operations, but, at other times, problems with command and control, political sensitivities and other issues will cause the commander to question the value of having a partner at all. Integrating foreign partners into the operation can be very complex and requires much understanding, patience and diplomatic skill on the part of the commander and his staff; and many of the problems faced by operational commanders could be overcome early on, during the planning stages, if the staff and commander keep in mind certain realities concerning the ups and downs of coalition operations. Through the course of this paper, I hope to explore some of the complexities of working with multinational partners and show some benefits as well as limitations. I will open with a short discussion on multinational operations, and also on alliances, and ad hoc coalitions, defining their roles and formative characteristics. From there, I intend to break off into discussions on some specific areas of the principles of war and operational functions where coalition partners come into play and some planning considerations the operational commander should take into account when determining how he can best use them (partners) to his advantage, or mitigate their limitations. I will close with an attempt to gauge the overall worth of partnerships to the operational commander and offer an opinion as to how to start to consider the use of coalition partners.


Ecosystem of arid and semiarid regions of the world, much of the country lies in the sensitive and fragile environment Canvases are that factors in the extinction and destruction are easily destroyed in this paper, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are introduced to obtain improved regional low-flow estimates at ungauged sites. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) network is used to identify the functional relationship between low-flow quantiles and the physiographic variables. Each ANN is trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. To improve the generalization ability of a single ANN, several ANNs trained for the same task are used as an ensemble. The bootstrap aggregation (or bagging) approach is used to generate individual networks in the ensemble. The stacked generalization (or stacking) technique is adopted to combine the member networks of an ANN ensemble. The proposed approaches are applied to selected catchments in the Lorestan province, Iran, to obtain estimates for several representative low-flow quantiles of summer and winter time. The jackknife validation procedure is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed models. The ANN-based approaches are compared with the traditional parametric regression models. The results indicate that both the single and ensemble ANN models provide superior estimates than these of the traditional regression models. The ANN ensemble approaches provide better generalization ability than the single ANN models..


Interest in Blockchain technology gradually developed after Bitcoin was introduced in 2008, and has grown exponentially as Blockchain can be applied in many scenarios that require coordination among parties that do not typically trust each other. Due to its popularity and wide applications, enormous number of Blockchain systems have been proposed in the past few years. One way to understand the performance is to build a benchmarking tool to evaluate different systems under different scenarios. A few research teams have build their benchmarking tools, such as BLOCKBENCH and HFBench. Unfortunately, there are several limitations of these tools. In this paper, we enumerate these limitations and challenges. We then present our tool – Boston Blockchain Benchmarking (BBB), which is more configurable and extensible than prior benchmarking tools. Moreover, BBB allows us to evaluate the impact of some common attacks against Blockchains. Finally, we present some preliminary results using BBB.


Colour has the important role in creating the observer's opinion about observed object or scene. Certain colours emits certain signals so it is very important to determine proper colour palette. In design, the key element is choice of colour which will assure achieving contrasts and harmony of composition elements, which will assure observer's positive reaction and acceptance. When the right balance of shapes and colours is achieved, it can be said that the harmony is achieved. Scenes in which the colours and shapes are positioned in harmonious relations induce the sense of inner peace and balance. In paper, based on analyses performed as part of the graduate thesis of undergraduate student Antonija Laštro, the possibility of applying the methods of computer colour evaluation in purpose of colour relations evaluations and placing colours in harmonious relations, was investigated. Using the objective colour parameter values according to CIELab system and analysing the position of colour in L*a*b* colour space, the possibility of assuring the objective harmonious matching of colours was analysed. The analysis performed in paper is based on two methodology of Johannes Itten, for colour coordination regarding their contrast characteristics, and these are the methodology of placing colours in proper complementary relations (contrast) and methodology of triad.


Human capital – the knowledge, skills and competences instilled in workers – has long been recognised as the engine of growth. The importance of human capital to enterprise performance and overall industrial productivity has been underlined by both the 2001 OECD Growth Study and the 2004 OECD Growth Follow-Up Project. Studies show that OECD countries can realise growth in GDP per capita by raising educational attainment and improving the average quality of their workforce. Other growth drivers – such as innovation and information technology – are not effective without a stock of trained personnel to realise their benefits. Also essential are the management and organisational structures in enterprises that enable productive use of knowledge workers.


More than industrial trash, household liquid waste is a societal concern caused by human activities. Using Pumakkal starters, this research turns domestic liquid waste into organic fertilizer. This research was conducted in several stages. The first was to make household waste liquid fertilizer with pumakkal formula P1 (3 bacterial isolates), P2 (6 bacterial isolates), P3 (9 bacterial isolates), P4 (12 bacterial isolates), P5 (15 bacterial isolates). The second was the test quality of household waste liquid fertilizers. The results showed the levels of NPK have quality standards of 2-6% with grades N (0,337), P (1,755), and K (3,818) at the highest treatment, and the values of N, P, K meet SNI. The C-Organic levels have a quality standard (minimum 10) with the value of 15,706 in the P5 treatment, and thus C-Organic exceeds SNI. The ratio level of C/N has a quality standard (≤25) with a value of 93,191 at the smallest P5 treatment compared to other treatments resulting in the ratio of C/N exceeding SNI. The pH has a quality standard (4-9) with a value of 6,176 on the P5 treatment, so the pH has met the SNI.


As technology rises in innovation and proliferation in the present times, with everyday life melding into the digital realm, so too rise the dangers and threats that such a digital dimension presents. In an age where cyber space has become so synced with physical lives, we must learn the need for cyber security and endeavor to propagate awareness for the same. In this paper, we explore and summarize concisely the various threats we face in cyber space and ways to combat them.


Remanufacturing has attracted a lot of attention as the best form of resource utilisation for used products and the important way of energy saving and emission reduction. In this article, a version of production planning problems with remanufacturing and back-ordering is discussed, in which there are multiple factories in a cooperative relationship to produce new products, or remanufactured ones, or both. And all products are transported to different demand sites, but back-ordering is allowable. For this planning problem, three different models are proposed. The first model is a basic model, the objective of which is to maximise the total profit of all factories without considering the individual profit of each factory. The second model introduces the individual profit constraints of each factory, so as to maximise the total profit on the basis of achieving the individual profit matching with the production scale of each factory. The third model allows a kind of appropriate compromise form between the total profit and the individual profit. Then, the solution approach for these models is designed based on self-adaptive genetic algorithm with population division (SAGA-PD). Finally, a numerical example is suggested to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed models and solution approach, and solution results of three models are compared and analysed.


As the title indicates, "Clinical Implications of Sex in Acute Temporomandibular Disorders" by Drs. Phillips, Gatchel, Wesley and Ellis (January JADA) addresses several important topics. I wish to comment on three: 1) how subjects were designated as either acute or chronic; 2) whether grouping by sex was a proxy for grouping by temporomandibular disorder, or TMD, subtype; and 3) how subjects were diagnosed as to disorder. The authors state, "We classified patients as having acute TMD if they had never been diagnosed as having TMD or had been diagnosed less than six months before this evaluation. This was determined to be the most objective and accurate method of classification, since memory of past symptoms is often inaccurate." According to the authors, one can, for example, experience symptoms for anywhere from one month to 30-plus years and still meet criteria for the acute category, as long as one remains undiagnosed with TMD. This definition of "acute" differs from that used by the community of pain clinicians and researchers. The customary cut point between acute and chronic pain is a report of symptom onset within the past six months. Although the authors state that recall of pain onset is inaccurate, research on recall of facial pain onset suggests otherwise: "... high intraclass [ICC] correlations indicate that patients' dating of pain onset may have satisfactory reliability for research purposes, when comparing a group of patients to one another to assess relative chronicity of pain." This latter study showed that 125 myofascial face pain patients could, in aggregate, recall pain onset ranging from one to 22 years (average seven years) reliably (ICC = .80 for the full sample). Lack of comparability between the authors and the pain community in defining "acute" pain seriously hinders interpretation of their conclusion regarding acute vs. chronic groups. The authors then make another critical departure regarding diagnostic issues. As is often the case in TMD literature, they begin by acknowledging that the term TMD refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders and end by concluding that "significant differences exist between men and women in regard to acute TMD symptoms." They apply the Research Diagnostic Criteria, or RDC, for temporomandibular disorders, which recognizes three groups: Axis I Group 1 disorders (myofascial type TMD); Axis I Group 2 disorders (disc dysfunction); and Axis I Group 3 disorders (arthritis, and so forth). Try as I might, I was unable to determine the number or percentage of men and women in each of the three TMD groups. Furthermore, we could find no explanation for why TMD Group 2 was omitted in the results. The latter may have contributed to the fact that proportions of each TMD group, broken down by sex and chronicity, in no category totaled 100 percent (see Table 2). Herein lies the second major problem. As all acknowledge, TMD is a heterogeneous group of disorders. Thus, for example, it would be uninformative to compute the average age of TMD patients because the subtypes have such different age distributions. Group 1 typically has a mean of about 38 years, Group 2 occurs at almost all ages, and Group 3 usually affects people older than 50 years. For the same reasons, one cannot speak meaningfully of the incidence, prevalence, sex ratio or most any characteristic of TMD. Moreover, specifically regarding classifying patients as acute or chronic, the same problem of heterogeneity persists. The symptoms of Groups 1, 2 and 3 are all characterized by different temporal patterns of onsets and offsets. In the absence of the ability to calculate onset of TMD, determining chronicity is impossible. TMD is not analogous to breast cancer, in which the prevalence among women and men is markedly different while the histology appears to be the same. Reporting TMD male/ female differences in psychological factors would be comparable to reporting sex differences in the rates of "pancreatic disease" when the category includes both pancreatic cancer and diabetes. Any difference L E T T E R S


As a result of increasing the level of interest in living and living systems (biophilia), it will be possible to educate more protectionist individuals against nature and the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nature education activities on biophilia levels of science teacher candidates. This research was conducted at public research university in Bayburt, Turkey, in the Department of Science Education during the spring semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. The activities were done in an integrated manner to the Environmental Science course. The study group included a total of 62 science teacher candidates. These students were distributed equally to the experiment and control group. The study was used a quasi-experimental method with a group of experiments and control. In the study, the Biophilia Scale was applied as a data collection tool. Independent samples t-tests and dependent samples t-tests were used for analyzing the data. As a result of the analysis, the findings indicated that nature education and in-class activities positively affected teacher candidates' biophilia levels. The findings also indicated that the knowledge and experience they gained due to students' scrutiny, touching, smelling, and even tasting the species at in-class and nature activities affected their biophilia levels.


In this work, we investigate a practical consideration for Electromagnetic (EM) side-channel analysis, namely, positioning EM probe at the best location for an efficient attack, requiring fewer traces to reveal the secret key of cryptographic engines. We present MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) based probe positioning and EM analysis method, defining it as a classification problem by dividing the chip surface scanned by the EM probe into virtual grids, and identifying each grid location by a class label. The MLP, trained to identify the location given a single EM trace, achieves 99.55% accuracy on average for traces captured during different acquisition campaigns.


Each year when we revisit the BMJ' s mission and strategy, we aim to improve our services to readers, contributors, and reviewers. One step we believe will help is to introduce a formal "fast track" system for urgent or important papers. Our new fast track system begins today. We hope it will attract researchers with high quality studies to submit them to the BMJ , and we hope it will serve readers by helping us to attract better papers. But because fast tracking a paper is demanding of editorial and reviewers' time, we will focus the service on a very small number of papers.

From now on we will be able to offer publication of a paper which meets our criteria for fast track review within four weeks of its registration in our office. In the past we have resisted the idea of fast track publication, because we believe all papers we publish are important or interesting and we feared that the time and attention consumed by a minority of fast track papers …


Summary The plastination techniques, originally developed for macroscopy, were modified in order to prepare plasti-nated sections for microscopy. A particularly good penetration of the specimen occurred during the preparation of the histological section when the described techniques for freeze substitution, defatting and forced impregnation with resin were employed. The different polymer mixtures were compared, in order to determine their particular advantages and disadvantages. The sectioning technique and the use of histological stains were described both for the undecalcified, as well as decalcified bones. The production of a deplastinated thin section presents a particular problem which can be addressed by this method. The modified Spalteholz technique with decalcification of sections and "Nach-Plastination" was described for the preparation of plane-parallel standardized sections for morphometric examination of the vascular structure of the bone. The possible uses of plastination, for running histological examination procedures such as fluorescence microscopy, microangiography and microradiography, were shown. The validity of different microangiographic techniques could be determined only through the use of the further-developed Spalteholz and plastination techniques. Thus, the plastination technique appears to be an especially useful procedure for the examination of microscopy specimens. It is recommended as well for other disciplines unrelated to bone, for example in pathology and anatomy. The plastination is a very modern technique to produce anatomical teaching specimens and to prepare tissue very naturally without artefacts. Some technical modifications allow the transfer to histologic preparations including bone histology.


We investigated the interrelated antihypotensive effects of static magnetic fields (SMF) and plasma catecholamine levels in reserpine‐induced hypotensive Wistar‐Kyoto rats. Seven‐week‐old male rats were exposed to two different ranges of SMF intensities, 3.0–10 mT (Bmax) or 7.5–25 mT (Bmax) for 12 weeks. Six experimental groups of 10 animals each were examined: (1) no exposure with intraperitoneal (ip) saline injection (sham exposed control); (2) 10 mT SMF exposure with ip saline injection (10 mT); (3) 25 mT SMF exposure with ip saline injection (25 mT); (4) no exposure with ip reserpine injection (RES); (5) 10 mT SMF exposure with ip reserpine injection (10 mT + RES); (6) 25 mT SMF exposure with ip reserpine injection (25 mT + RES). Reserpine (5 mg/kg) was administered three times a week for 12 weeks, and 18 h after each injection, arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate, skin blood flow, plasma nitric oxide metabolites, plasma catecholamine levels, and behavioral parameters of a functional observational battery (FOB) were monitored. The action of reserpine significantly decreased BP, reduced plasma norepinephrine (NE), increased the FOB hunched posture score and decreased the number of rearing events in the RES group, compared with the respective age‐matched control group. Exposure to 25 mT, but not 10 mT, for 2–12 weeks significantly prevented the reserpine‐induced decrease of BP in the 25 mT + RES group compared with the respective RES group. Moreover, exposure to 25 mT for 5 weeks partially suppressed the reserpine‐induced NE reduction, but did not bring about a complete reversal of reserpine effects. NE levels for the 25 mT + RES group for 5 weeks were significantly higher compared with the RES group, but still lower compared with the control group. In addition, the FOB hunched posture score for the 25 mT + RES group was significantly lower and the number of rearing events was higher compared with the RES group, but these behavioral parameters did not revert to control levels. There were no significant differences in any of the physiological or behavioral parameters measured between the 10 mT + RES and RES groups, nor between the two different SMF groups and the control group. These results indicate that 25 mT SMF with spatial gradients significantly suppressed the reserpine‐induced hypotension and bradykinesia. The antihypotensive effects of SMF on the reserpine‐treated group might be at least partially related to the inhibition of NE depletion. Bioelectromagnetics 26:36–48, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This article aims to update the checklists of MSS. of Augustine's De civitate Dei published in the 20th century, in order to gather and assess data for a future critical edition of this work. The research has been conducted through a wide bibliographical recognition, which has taken into account the physical resources available at the KU Leuven Special Collections as well as a wide selection of online digital tools. This research has resulted in a coherent prospect of selected data, which would otherwise be disseminated in the secondary literature.


LTHOUGH subdural effusions have been recognized since 19502 as a complication of purulent meningitis in infants, the precise role of these fluid collections and associated membranes on the course and sequelae of the meningitis is not clear. Effusions have been implicated as a cause of seizures, persistent fever, focal neurological deficits, a poor or relapsing clinical course, and increased intraeranial pressure. However, in as many as 50% of cases of meningitis without such manifestations, "routine" subdural taps may reveal fluid accumulations, a,a4 and, conversely, effusions may be absent when clinically suspected. 11 There is a divergence of opinion as to the optimal management of postmeningitic effusions. Since many effusions following meningifts are encapsulated and resemble infantile subdural hematomas, techniques already in vogue for treating the latter have been applied to the former. 4,a Ingraham and his associates e-s have popularized the concept that eraniotomy for stripping of subdural membranes is essential for achieving the best results. However, this notion has not gone unchallenged. Recently, some neurosurgeons, no longer convinced that removal of subdural membranes is necessary for sueeessful treatment, have proposed various operations to shunt subdural fluid to other body cavities. ~,1~ Pediatricians, who have had the most experience in treating and following infants with meningitis and its complications, generally favor nonoperative management of subdural effusions and refer only recalcitrant cases for neurosurgical treatment.a,5,1a This is a study of 30 selected cases of postmeningitic subdural effusions treated by repeated taps which were often followed by burr holes and craniotomy. Our analysis has


Abstract Objective To examine whether the recent increasing prevalence of obesity was accompanied by variations in energy and macronutrient intakes by weight status. Design Time series of cross-sectional surveys. Setting National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) in the USA. Subjects Adult participants of NHANES I (1971–1974), II (1976–1980), III (1988–1994) and continuous (1999–2004). Results Daily energy intake increased over time for men (9832 to 11 652 kJ, P < 0·01) and women (6418 to 8142 kJ, P < 0·01) in all BMI classes. Percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate increased over time (men: 42·7 % to 48·0 %, P < 0·01; women: 45·4 % to 50·6 %, P < 0·01), whereas percentage of energy intake from fat (men: 36·7 % to 33·1 %, P < 0·01; women: 36·1 % to 33·8 %, P < 0·01) and protein (men: 16·4 % to 15·1 %, P < 0·01; women: 16·9 % to 14·7 %, P < 0·01) decreased. With surveys combined, daily energy intake varied among BMI classes for women (underweight/normal weight: 7460 kJ; overweight: 6799 kJ; obese I: 7033 kJ; obese II/III: 7401 kJ; P < 0·01) but not men. Percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate decreased with increasing BMI class (men: 46·6 % to 45·5 %, P < 0·01; women: 49·0 % to 48·6 %, P < 0·01) whereas percentage of energy intake from fat (men: 34·3 % to 36·5 %, P < 0·01; women: 34·4 % to 35·4 %, P < 0·01) and protein (men: 15·3 % to 16·5 %, P < 0·01; women: 15·2 % to 16·0 %, P < 0·01) increased. Interactions of survey period and BMI class were not statistically significant. Conclusions Time trends in energy and macronutrient intakes were similar across BMI classes. Research examining how individuals respond differently to varying dietary compositions may provide greater insight about contributors to the rise in obesity.


New information is needed about the potential sources and pathways of trans-Atlantic dust plumes. Such knowledge has important implications for the long-distance transport and survivability of microorganisms. Forward trajectories of transAtlantic dust plumes were studied over a 14-year period, between 2008 and 2021 (n =>500,000 trajectories). Two major dust transport patterns emerged from these analyses. First, summer trajectories (June – August) that arrive in the southeastern regions of the United States and the Caribbean basin and travel above the marine boundary layer at an average altitude of 1,600 m. Second, winter trajectories (December – February) that arrive in the Amazon basin and travel within the boundary layer at an average altitude of 660 m. Ambient meteorological conditions such as solar radiation and relative humidity along dust trajectories suggest a more suitable condition for the survivability of microorganisms reaching the Amazon during the winter with a lower mean solar radiation flux of 294 W m-2 and mean relative humidity levels at around 61% as compared to averages of 370 W m-2 solar radiation and 45% relative humidity for summer trajectories intruding the Caribbean basin. Nevertheless, 14% of winter trajectories (4,664 out of 32,352) reaching the Amazon basin face intense precipitation of higher than 30 mm and get potentially removed as compared to 8% of trajectories (2,540 out of 31,826) intruding the Caribbean basin during the summer. Collectively, our results have important implications for the survivability of microorganisms in trans-Atlantic dust plumes and their potential for major incursion events at receptor regions. Hosted file 958887_0_art_file_10814181_rrsrgm.docx available at https://authorea.com/users/598324/ articles/630955-long-term-seasonal-trends-in-sources-and-pathways-of-trans-atlanticdust-plumes-and-their-implications-for-transport-of-microorganisms Hosted file 958887_0_supp_10814182_rrsrgm.docx available at https://authorea.com/users/598324/articles/ 630955-long-term-seasonal-trends-in-sources-and-pathways-of-trans-atlantic-dust-plumesand-their-implications-for-transport-of-microorganisms


In this paper we prove existence and uniqueness results for nonlinear parabolic problems with Dirichlet boundary values whose model is \[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} b\mbox{in }(0,T)\times\Omega,\\ b\mbox{in }\Omega,\\ u\mbox{on }(0,T)\times\partial\Omega. \end{aligned} \right. \] where $\Delta_{p}u=\text{div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)$ is the usual $p-$Laplace operator, $b$ is a increasing $C^{1}-$function and $\mu$ is a finite measure which does not charge sets of zero parabolic $p-$capacity, and we discuss their main properties.


Objectives To evaluate the urodynamic characteristics of the hemi-Kock and "W"-configured ileal reservoirs utilized for orthotopic urinary diversion after radical cystoprostatectomy in our center. Patients and Methods One hundred patients (52 with hemi-Kock and 48 with "W" neobladders) who were free of stones, strictures or reflux after one year of follow-up were evaluated. Clinical and bacteriological examinations were done for every case. Radiological evaluation was done prior to inclusion of the patients in the study to exclude the presence of pouch stones, strictures of the urethra or pouch-ureteral reflux. Urodynamic studies were done including uroflowmetry, medium-fill enterocystometry and urethral pressure profilometry. Results A univariate analysis showed a comparable outcome of both reservoirs regarding continence rate, voiding efficiency and bacteriological studies. The enterocystometric characteristics were comparable in both groups except for two variables. The pressure at maximum pouchometric capacity was significantly higher in the hemi-Kock pouch (mean 26.7 ± 10.8 cm H2O) than in the "W" neobladder (mean 21.7 ± 10.7 cm H2O) (P=0.02). Also, the compliance in the last 5 minutes of filling was significantly less in the hemi-Kock pouch (mean 28.3 ± 14.5 ml/cm H2O) than in the "W" neobladder (mean 40.5 ± 25.9 ml/cm H2O) (P=0.003). The urethral pressure profiles as well as flow rates of "W" and hemi-Kock pouches (16.7 ± 8.3 and 17.7 ± 7.4 ml/sec, respectively) were also comparable. Conclusion Both types of reservoirs have near optimum urodynamic properties with an excellent functional outcome. There are few pouchometric differences, which in our study did not affect the functional outcome of the procedure. African Journal of Urology Vol. 7 No. 2 (May 2001): pp 66-73 Les Caracteristiques Urodynamiques des Reservoirs Ileaux Orthotopiques: Une Comparaison entre l'Hemie-Poche de Kock et la Neovessie en "W" Evaluer les caracteres urodynamiques des reservoirs ileaux configures en "W" et de l'hemie-poche de Kock utilises pour la derivation urinaire orthotopique apres cystoprostatectomie radicale dans notre centre. Patients et Methodes Cent patients (52 avec hemie-poche de Kock et 48 avec neovessie en "W") qui n'avaient ni calculs, ni retrecissement, ni reflux apres un an de suivi ont ete evalues. Les examens cliniques et bacteriologiques ont ete pratiques chez chaque patient. L'evaluation radiologique a ete faite avant l'inclusion de chaque patient dans l'etude pour exclure la presence de calcul dans la poche, de retrecissement urethral et de reflux poche-ureteral. Les etudes urodynamiques pratiquees comprenaient la debimetrie, l'enterocystometrie a moitie pleine et la profilometrie de la pression urethrale. Resultats Une analyse univariable a montre un resultat comparable des deux reservoirs en tenant compte du degre de continence, de l'efficacite de la vidange et des etudes bacteriologiques. Les caracteres enterocystometriques etaient comparables dans les deux groupes sauf pour 2 variables. La pression a la capacite maximale pouchometrique etait significativement elevee dans l'hemie-poche de Kock (moyenne: 26,7 ± 10,8 cm H2O) que dans la neovessie en "W" (moyenne: 21,7 ± 10,7 cm H2O) (p = 0,02). La compliance de remplissage dans les 5 dernieres minutes etait aussi significativement basse dans l'hemie-poche Kock (moyenne: 28,3 ± 14,5 ml/cm d'H2O) que dans la neovessie en "W" (moyenne: 40,5 ± 24,9 ml/cm d'H2O) ( p = 0,003). Les profiles des pressions urethrales aussi bien que les debits de l'hemie-poche de Kock et de la neovessie en "W" (16,7 ± 8,3 et 17,7 ± 7,4 ml/sec, respectivement) etaient aussi comparables. Conclusion Les deux types de reservoirs ont des proprietes urodynamiques optimales voisines avec un excellent resultat fonctionnel. Ils ont quelques differences pouchometriques, qui dans notre etude n'affectent pas le resultat fonctionnel de la procedure. African Journal of Urology Vol. 7 No. 2 (May 2001): pp 66-73


Abstract SINCE the isolation of vitamin B12, distillers dried solubles (DDS), dried whey, butyl fermentation solubles, fish meal, grain juice concentrate, condensed fish solubles, liver preparations and dried brewers yeast have been shown to promote chick growth, even when the diets were considered to be complete with respect to all known nutrients (Hill et al., 1944; Carlson et al., 1949; Menge et al., 1949; Arscott and Combs, 1950; Hill and Briggs, 1950; Sunde et al., 1950; Combs, 1951; Couch et al., 1951; Heuser and Norris, 1951; Kohler and Graham, 1951; Reed et al., 1951). The subject has since been reviewed by Menge et al. (1952); Branion and Hill (1953); Rasmussen et al. (1956); Reid et al. (1958); Couch et al. (1960). Hill et al. (1944) were the first to show that DDS contained unidentified growth factor activity; this was later confirmed by Novak et al. (1947). Attempts to identify the growth. . .


Using panel data of China's provinces for the period 2000 to 2008,this paper tested the effect of rural financial development on poverty reduction.The results indicate that rural financial have both direct effect and indirect effect on poverty reduction in China.Moreover,the effect of indirect effects was significantly higher than the direct effect.Thus,the policy of rural finance in the future should focus on the indirect effects of rural finance,rather than simply emphasis on the direct effect and ensure the development of rural finance can be more effectively achieve the policy objectives of rural poverty reduction.


Secondary metabolites in marine algae are becoming the focus of biological researchers due to its varied therapeutic values. Preliminary comparative screening studies have been performed between Gracilaria. crassa and Asparagopsis taxiformis, which belongs to Rhodophyta group of marine algae, for the presence of bioactive components by extracting them with suitable solvents and studying their antimicrobial activities using disc diffusion method. Gracilaria crassa was found to have better antimicrobial potency compared to Asparagopsis taxiformis. An attempt has also been made to separate the unknown antimicrobial compounds using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and purify the extracts using column chromatography since not much work has been carried out in these species.


The density functional theory (DFT) method has been employed to unravel mechanistic intricacies of the 1,4-polymerization of 1,3-butadiene mediated by the [(η3-RC3H4)FeII(C15H11N3)(η2-C4H6)]+ terpy...


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are widely applied in various disease diagnoses and scientific research projects as noninvasive methods. However, lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), B1 inhomogeneity, motion-related artifact, susceptibility artifact, chemical shift artifact and Gibbs ring still play a negative role in image quality improvement. Various techniques and methods were developed to minimize and remove the degradation of image quality originating from artifacts. In the first part of this dissertation, a motion artifact reduction technique based on a novel real time self-gated pulse sequence is presented. Diffusion weighted and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging techniques are generally performed with signal averaging of multiple measurements to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the accuracy of diffusion measurement. Any discrepancy in images between different averages causes errors that reduce the accuracy of diffusion MRI measurements. The new scheme is capable of detecting a subject's motion and reacquiring motion-corrupted data in real time and helps to improve the accuracy of diffusion MRI measurements. In the second part of this dissertation, a rapid T1 mapping technique (two dimensional singleshot spin echo stimulated echo planar image--2D ss-SESTEPI), which is an EPI-based singleshot imaging technique that simultaneously acquires a spin-EPI (SEPI) and a stimulated-EPI (STEPI) after a single RF excitation, is discussed. The magnitudes of SEPI and STEPI differ by T1 decay for perfect 90 o RF pulses and can be


The present study derives the distribution of secondary masses M2 for the 67 exoplanets and very low-mass brown-dwarf companions of solar-type stars, known as of April 4, 2001. This distribution is related to the distribution of M2 sini through an integral equation of Abel's type. Although a formal solution exists for this equation, it is known to be ill-conditioned, and is thus very sensitive to the statistical noise present in the input M2 sini distribution. To overcome this diculty, we present two robust, independent approaches: (i) the formal solution of the integral equation is numerically computed after performing an optimal smoothing of the input distribution and (ii) the Lucy-Richardson algorithm is used to invert the integral equation. Both approaches give consistent results. The resulting statistical distribution of exoplanet true masses reveals that there is no reason to ascribe the transition between giant planets and brown dwarfs to the threshold mass for deuterium ignition (about 13.6 MJ). The M2 distribution shows instead that most of the objects have M2 10 MJ, but there is a small tail with a few heavier candidates around 15 MJ.


In the last years, various experimental works investigated the efficiency of different type of promoters over CO 2 absorption. The absorption process is recommended for removal of acidic contaminants from flue gases and for obtaining new products. The absorption with chemical reaction (chemisorption) can be done in: potassium carbonate solution promoted with amines; aqueous solution of the amines; ammonia solution, hydroxide solution etc. Chemisorption in potassium carbonate solution with the addition of amines, as promoters, at 343-353 K has larger used due to the following advantages: lower cost, easy regeneration, nontoxic, noncorrosive, etc. In this paper the post-combustion CO 2 capture in potassium carbonate solution promoted by amines is presented. It is known that physico-chemical fluid property values, crucial in the modeling of the reactor, are necessary to be determined for particular systems. The aim of this study is to measure the densities and viscosities of potassium carbonate solution with the addition of ethylenediamine and to evaluate the performance of the promoter content and temperature over the enhancement factor into a bubbling reactor. Experimental results showed that the enhancement factor values between 1.8 and 3 could be achieved, demonstrating the possibility of using ethylenediamine in bubbling absorption reactor.


Improved data collection techniques as well as increasing computing power are opening up new opportunities for the development of sophisticated models that can accurately reproduce hydrodynamic and biochemical conditions of water bodies. While increasing model complexity is considered a virtue for scientific purposes, it is a definite disadvantage for management (engineering) purposes, as it limits the model applicability to what‐if analysis over a few, a priori defined interventions. In the recent past, this has become a significant limitation, particularly considering recent advances in water quality rehabilitation technologies (e.g., mixers or oxygenators) for which many design parameters have to be decided. In this paper, a novel approach toward integrating science‐oriented and engineering‐oriented models and improving water quality planning is presented. It is based on the use of a few appropriately designed simulations of a complex process‐based model to iteratively identify the multidimensional function (response surface) that maps the rehabilitation interventions into the objective function. On the basis of the response surface (RS), a greater number of interventions can be quickly evaluated and the corresponding Pareto front can be approximated. Interesting points on the front are then selected and the corresponding interventions are simulated using the original process‐based model, thus obtaining new decision‐objective samples to refine the RS approximation. The approach is demonstrated in Googong Reservoir (Australia), which is periodically affected by high concentrations of manganese and cyanobacteria. Results indicate that significant improvements could be observed by simply changing the location of the two mixers installed in 2007. Furthermore, it also suggests the best location for an additional pair of mixers.


Orientation and density of trabecular pattern observed in a bone is closely related to its mechanical properties and deseases of a bone are appeared as changes of orientation and/or density distrbution of its trabecular patterns. They have been treated from a qualitative point of view so far because quantitative analysis method has not be established. In this paper, the authors proposed and investigated some quantitative analysis methods of density and orientation of trabecular patterns observed in a bone. These methods can give an index for evaluating orientation of trabecular pattern quantitatively and have been applied to analyze trabecular pattern observed in a head of femur and their availabilities are confirmed. Key Words: Index of pattern orientation, Trabecular pattern, Pattern density, Quantitative analysis


We present deep 3.8 µ m L ′ imaging observations of the Trapezium cluster in Orion obtained with the ESO VLT. We use these observations to: 1) search for infrared excess emission and evidence for protoplanetary disks associated with the faint, substellar population of this young cluster, and 2) investigate the nature and extent of a recently discovered population of deeply embedded sources located in dense molecular gas behind the cluster. We detected 38 L ′ sources with substellar luminosities. In addition, we detected 24 L ′ sources that were spectroscopically classified as substellar objects in previous studies. Examining the infrared colors of all these sources we determine an infrared excess fraction of 50 ± 20 % from the JHK s L ′ colors for both the luminosity selected and spectroscopically selected substellar samples. This finding confirms the presence of infrared excess, likely due to circumstellar disks, around a significant fraction of the cluster's substellar population, consistent with the indications of earlier observations obtained at shorter ( JHK s ) wavelengths. Our deep L ′ imaging survey also provides new information concerning the deeply embedded population of young objects located in the molecular cloud behind the cluster and revealed in an earlier L band imaging survey of the region. In particular, our present L ′ survey doubles the number of sources in the cluster region known to possess extremely red K - L colors. These objects exhibit K - L ′ colors indicative of deeply buried, possibly protostellar, objects that likely mark the site of the most recent and ongoing star formation in the region. We find the surface density distribution of the deeply embedded population to follow that of the background molecular ridge and to be highly structured, consisting of a string of at least 5 significant subclusters. These subclusters may represent the primordial building blocks out of which the cluster was and perhaps still is being assembled. These observations may thus provide insights into the early stages of cluster formation and appear consistent with recent simulations that suggest that the Trapezium cluster may have formed from numerous but small primordial subclusters. (Lada & Lada 2003). In a previous infrared imaging study Lada et al. (2000) obtained extensive JHKL photometry of the cluster. These observations were used both to measure the frequency of infrared excess emission in order to constrain the circumstellar disk fraction in the cluster population and to identify heavily buried protostellar candidates in this young region. They found a relatively high excess fraction of ∼ 80% for the cluster membership, indicating that the vast majority of stars in the cluster were born surrounded by protoplanetary disks. Their observations also revealed a new population of heavily reddened objects deeply buried in molecular gas behind the main cluster. These sources are probably extremely young and mark the location of the most recent and active star formation in the Orion Nebula region. An appreciable fraction of these sources could be protostellar objects.


Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technology has been in development for several decades; however, there are notable barriers to its widespread deployment. To advance ITS beyond its current scope, research efforts in the 21st century will need to pursue an agenda that integrates social, political/legal, energy/environmental, and economic/technology realization factors in the technical design process. The Integrated Active Transportation System (IATS) project seeks to achieve this agenda towards creating a seamless transportation system by incorporating a broad interdisciplinary approach to the development of a long-term vision for transportation in the United States (U.S.). As part of this effort, researchers examined previous ITS projects; interviewed experts in the field; formed and consulted with a project steering committee; and conducted two expert scenario workshops to develop plausible futures and to understand their possible effects on the transportation system. Barriers and opportunities for implementing advanced seamless transportation systems were identified for the 20- and 40-year timeframes. The most significant barriers identified were funding, technology adoption and obsolescence, and social acceptance. Opportunities include natural disasters; climate change; and adaptable, integrated technology/infrastructure deployment within the transportation system. Equipped with this understanding, researchers are now developing a research roadmap for U.S. transportation systems that address both technical and non-technical factors to the realization of IATS in the future.


Different graph partitioning methods, i.e., linear partioning, parallel hypergraph (PHG) partioning, and two approaches using ParMETIS, are considered to generate an unstructured decomposition of the second-level coarse operator of three-level FROSch (Fast and Robust Overlapping Schwarz) preconditioners in the Trilinos software library. In our context, the parallel hypergraph method shows the most consistent results. 1 Three-Level FROSch Preconditioners FROSch (Fast and Robust Overlapping Schwarz) [7] is a parallel implementation of the Schwarz framework and is part of the software library Trilinos [1]. It provides parallel implementations of the GDSW (Generalized Dryja–Smith–Widlund) [5, 4] and RGDSW (Reduced-dimension GDSW) [6] overlapping Schwarz preconditioners, which make use of exotic coarse spaces. We consider the extension of these methods to three-level (R)GDSW preconditioners [9, 10], which arise from the recursive application of the two-level methods. They are therefore based on a hierarchy of decompositions of the original domain Ω; the domain is decomposed into non-overlapping subregions {Ωi0}i=1,...,N0 , which are further decomposed into non-overlapping subdomains {Ωi}i=1,...,N . Here, in order to build the subdomain hierarchy, we proceed in reverse order: We first partition Ω into the non-overlapping subdomains. Then, we build the dual graph of this decomposition based on the connectivity and obtain the subregions by partitioning this graph. The non-overlapping subdomains are then extended by layers of elements, resulting in overlapping subdomains {Ωi}i=1,...,N with overlap δ, and the subregions are extended by layers of subdomains to obtain the overlapping subregions {Ω′i0}i=1,...,N0 with overlap ∆.


Drawing on cinematic GoPro 8 footage collected in Vancouver from April to June of 2020, this chapter describes the metaphor of a 'double-edged sword' of people's changed mobility behaviour as a result of the pandemic; there is simultaneously a resurgence of 'slow' mobility like walking and cycling in public space, but also an expansion of private car use. While the latter is certainly concerning, the COVID-19 crisis proved that transport behaviour is not as difficult to change as people had assumed. Using the framework of mobility justice, the chapter suggests how expanding cycling in the post-COVID city might proceed in a more socially and ecologically equitable manner, by targeting the inner suburbs.


This essay considers two questions about how laches fits into contemporary American law. One is whether it applies to all claims or only to claims for equitable remedies. The other is how it is affected by a federal statute of limitations. Is laches displaced, on the theory that Congress has spoken by enacting the statute of limitations, so that it would violate separation of powers for a court to substitute its own equitable doctrines? Or does laches remain and coexist with the statute of limitations, on the theory that Congress legislates against the background of traditional equitable principles? These questions are squarely raised by Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc., a pending case in the U.S. Supreme Court.After examining the doctrine, history, and theory of laches, this essay reaches two conclusions. First, laches is and should remain an equitable defense. Second, laches is available unless Congress makes a clear statement abrogating it, and the mere enactment of a statute of limitations is not a clear statement of abrogation. Given these conclusions, the Court should take a middle course in Petrella: Retain the defense of laches, but apply it only to claims for equitable remedies.


Using the one-dimensional periodic Anderson model coupled to a linear harmonic chain, we derive a phonon-mediated attractive interaction for Cooper pairs and calculate the superconducting transition temperature for various types of Cooper pairs rather quantitatively based on the first principle calculation. The result shows that because of the strong Kondo volume collapse effect as observed the phonon-mediated effective attraction can overcome the intra-atomic Coulomb repulsion and stabilize the spin-singlet Cooper pairing state when the heavy electron's band width is rather wide.


RSSI is widely used to measure the distance in the location of wireless sensor network. There are random errors and outliers in the RSSI signal. Usual algorithms cannot be used to delete the influence of the mixed errors. A location method is proposed for which removal of RSSI ranging error mixed in this paper on the analysis of error. The proposed method can delete outliers and filter random errors, improve the accuracy of the location and coverage rate of nodes. The simulation experiments show that our proposed method works well.


fiaoe lour after the operatioh, Irwas Utet for,-as there was a good do4liof biieding. Onitakingdiowithe dreosinis, a large: blood-clot was fouriid distending thd 'wotkd,and passing uhder the -sulrroundia ns. Having cleired oW the -clots, a mall vehsel as ulautd *R1 siured,after which there Way" no ;fuTther trouble. Had the peuing, inl&1the peritoneal cavity.*t b6entbfficiently closed, ito dodbt-internal bleeding would have gone on, to a possibly fatal extent. tSubsequently, the patient had very violint diairheea, and gradually sank. She died omithe't&nth day after operation. At the post Ahortom examination, it mas found that a small portion of the intestine (about the size of a) thr6epenny-pieee) which had octupied the hertnia had sloughed ; ther abdominal opening was closed by aiplug of lymph, -and from t spiralW radiating fdtlds of peritoneum could be traced for -a tonsiderabIe dis, t a, adherent in many places by, recent lymph to the attached peri. toaeal $urfaOe; showing, when the specimen was recent, very beautifully the result of torsion.-, 'M yexperience of this operation is as yet but small; I trust, howekri' that the present communication may be the means of inducing other,surgeons to give this method a fair trial, so that soon we may haive sufficient statistics from which to draw conclusions; and I am d&nvinced that a large number of permanent and complete cures will dreatually be credited to the operation b_y torsion of the sac.


We study, from an experimental point of view, the main ways to detect standard high mass Higgs bosons (from 300 Gev up to about 1 TeV) when they decay into W- and Z- pairs at the SSC. We also consider the corresponding W- and Z"-pair continuum which may itself provide interesting physics, and we pay some attention to the case of an intermediate mass charged Higgs decaying into rvr, (met =300 GeV). We first explain why and how high energy pp colliders may search for Higgs' and we compare their possible performances to those of the e+e- and ep colliders at all possible m-s scale (from few tens of GeV's up to 1 TeV). We then estimate the rates of the signals and the main backgrounds. Wede5ne the main characteristics of these events as reproduced by M.C. generators (especially implemented with these processes) and simulated through an idealiied In fine-grained calorimeter. A trigger strategy for W- and Z-pairs is derived from this study.


This aim of this study, the sub-title of which is "Logical Limits of the Field of Application and Validity of the Results of Expansion Tests on Cement in Steam-Curing Cabinets", was to investigate cement specifications and test methods with regard to expansion and its effects. Attention is drawn to the fact that cement expansion tests in steam-curing cabinets should only be carried out on blast-furnace slag cement or pozzolan cement. For other types of cement, far more rigid expansion criteria must be used. Mention is made of the long-standing Le Chatelier method which can be subsituted for the expansion test on steam-curing cabinets. /TRRL/


Objective The present study was to find out the actual situation of the infectious diseases reports of Shanxi Province, so as to find the existing problems of the work, and search for the corresponding ways to solve the problems. Methods Kinds and levels of hospitals where the reported number of Hepatitis B incidence was higher comparatively were sampled for investigating and verifying the follows: the bases for the infectious diseases reports of medical organizations and the proportion of laboratory diagnosis, clinical diagnosis, suspected case and pathogen carrier, the flow for reporting infectious diseases of medical organizations, and the situations of examining and verifying, correcting, or confirming in the disease control institutions. Results The coincidence rate of laboratory diagnosis was 73.57%, and that of clinical diagnosis was 24.41%, yet that of HBsAg carrier was merely 4.26%, and misinformation occupied over 30% of the number that had already been reported. Conclusion The cause that resulted in misinformation has been found, and methods and suggestions for settling problems were provided for medical organizations and disease control institutions.


Introduction: Inflammation is a response to any noxious stimuli such as physical, chemical, immunological or infection, which produces cellular damage. Inflammation is characterized by the classic signs of rubor, calor, tumor, dolor, and functiolaesa. Baclofen is a selective GABAB agonist. Diclofenac is an NSAID acts by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzyme. Baclofen is known to interfere with the functions of proinflammatory chemokine receptors In this present study, baclofen was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity in acute inflammation.AIM: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of baclofen in adult albino male rats. MethodS: Eighteen adult male albino rats weighing about 150-200gms were used for this study. They were divided into 3 groups of 6 rats in each group I control normal feed and water group IIstandard normal feed and water and received diclofenac 10 mg/kg orally and group III received normal feed and water and baclofen 8 mg/kg orally.Carrageenan was used to induce edema in mice and antiinflammatory effect was evaluated using mercury plethysmography Results: There was a statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity with Baclofen comparable to Diclofenac, after three hours. The percentage inhibition of edema was 64% with diclofenec (group II) and 56.5% with baclofen (Group III). Conclusion: Study showed that baclofen has significant anti-inflammatory activity in acute inflammatory animal model.


Load testing of IT applications is fraught with the challenges of time to market, quality of results, high cost of commercial tools, and accurately representing production like scenarios. It would help IT projects to be able to test with a small number of users and extrapolate to scenarios with much larger number of users. This in turn will cut down cycle times and costs and allow for a variety of extrapolations closer to production. We present a simple extrapolation technique based on statistical empirical modeling, which we have found to be more than 90% accurate across a range of applications running across a number of hardware servers. The technique has currently been validated for scenarios where the hardware is the bottleneck and is extensible to a wider range of scenarios as well.


The implementation of the dynamic IR image simulation on space target outer aerosphere is introduced.On the basis of establishing the 3D model and the motion model of the space target,the infrared radiation characteristics of the target are emphatically analyzed.As the same time,the infrared heat radiation model of the space target outer surface is built with a new method,which can improve the traditional network-node method.The calculation results are quantized into gray-scale values.And then,the dynamic IR image is generated by using the computer graphics method according to the gray-scale values.


Abstract Only one retrospective of Yves Klein was presented during the artist's lifetime, in 1961 at Museum Haus Lange, a gallery in the city of Krefeld, Germany, housed in a little-known brick villa designed by Mies van der Rohe in 1927. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how Klein challenged the limits of the exhibition, transforming it into a privileged space for the nascent utopian discourse of 1960s European architecture. The exhibition's intense dialogue with the interior and exterior spaces of the Miesian villa afforded an opportunity to test ideas that would have been difficult to accommodate in other circumstances. Klein sought to insert visitors without any notice or warning into a dramatic environment that was the only physical manifestation of his theory of Air Architecture.


AbstractTo understand the effect of an air injector on airlift performance, an experimental study of the influence of air exit-port arrangement on the mass flow rate of solids and lifting efficiency was performed. An airlift with a riser 1,500-mm long and 40-mm diameter was designed and tested. At a constant submergence ratio, the mass flow rate of solids and lifting efficiency were significantly affected by the air exit-port arrangement. As the air flow rate increased, the mass flow rate of solids increased to a maximum value and then decreased slightly. The curve relating the air flow rate to lifting efficiency was m-shaped, i.e., it contained two local maxima. The air flow rate at the second efficiency maximum was approximately equal to the air flow rate at which the solid mass flow rate was maximal. When the measurement results were expressed in dimensionless form, the relation between the volume flow of slurry and air flow rate was approximately the same for all air exit-port arrangements, and was in...


Data driven classification models are useful to assess quality of manufactured electronics. Because decisions are taken based on the models, their veracity is relevant, covering aspects such as accuracy, transparency and clarity. The proposed BB-Stepwise algorithm aims to improve the classification model transparency and accuracy of black box models. K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) is a black box model which is easy to implement and has achieved good classification performance in different applications. In this paper KNN-Stepwise is illustrated for fault detection of electronics devices. The results achieved shows that the proposed algorithm was able to improve the accuracy, veracity and transparency of KNN models and achieve higher transparency and clarity, and at least similar accuracy than when using Decision Tree models.


In this article Azerbaijan's dynamic "input-output" model with the methodological basis of the inverse models of recursion was developed. The interbranch relations in Azerbaijan economy have been studied by means of a developed model, including mutually related oil and non-oil sectors. Dynamic model with inverse recursion refers to the type of dynamic "input-output" models. In this model, endogenous (found) parameters are total output and investments sectors. More precisely, the forecasted output volume for the final year of the sectors' and the total volume of capital investments for the entire period in each and every sector are found. The yearly distribution of capital investment is realized via an exogenously given parameter. The calculation in this model is implemented in two stages. In the first stage, the total output volume of the sectors for the final year and the total volume of capital investments in each sector for the entire forescasted period are determined. In the second stage, the volume indicator of the gross output for each year of the forecasting period is calculated. The realization of the model has been implemented based on Azerbaijan's National Accounts and statistical input-output tables, as well as other relevant data.


The commentaries on the books, which include summaries of their contents, would also have been more useful if more strictly technical and less padded out with such bookseller's flannel as "best and most complete edition ...". Although this monument to Roberts's assiduity as a collector will certainly have its uses to those who can obtain it, its production in this grossly inflated form has wasted a good opportunity. With only a little extra effort, a full-scale bibliography ofmechanics as a subject could have been attempted without biographies and with more technical comments. Books from Roberts's library could have been distinguished typographically and used as sources for illustrations. At the same time had there been less desire to produce a luxury item, the disaster that occurred to the original copper-plate of Vertue's portrait of Newton prepared for the third edition ofPrincipia, might have been avoided. Being used to print copies ofthe portrait for binding in the deluxe edition ofthis catalogue, the plate was irreparably damaged by maladroit cleaning. The perpetrators of this deed deserve the broadside erroneously used on page 301 to describe a broadsheet.


The authors have developed a way to solve the inverse problem of integrated environmental assessment with the help of geographic information systems, and the objective function models based on available in the Atlas of Mangystau region map with pre-integrated environmental assessment, take into account effect all exposure sources. Results of these calculations showed that oil and gas producing complex provides an additional contribution to the degradation of soil cover in excess of the average for all anthropogenic sources in the 19.31%, in relief degradation 18.3%, vegetation 16.7%. In this article considered impact assessment in the oil and gas complex ground water. Key-Words: Mangistau region, oil and gas complex, the degree of anthropogenic disturbance underground water natural protection of groundwater geographic information system, objective function.


Without initial imperfection and damage evolution model, it is difficult to analyze the necking behavior by finite element analysis with continuum theory. Moreover, the results are greatly dependent on the size of the initial imperfection. In order to predict necking phenomenon without geometric imperfection, in this study, a crystal plasticity model was introduced in the 3-dimensional finite element analysis of tensile test. Grains were modeled by an octahedron and different orientations were allocated to each grain. Damage model was also used to predict the sudden drop of load carrying capacity after necking and to reflect the void nucleation and growth on the severely deformed region. Well-known Cockcroft-Latham damage model was used. Void nucleation, growth and coalescence behavior during necking were predicted reasonably.


The authors present a model of coupled oscillating neural networks which can simultaneously perform segmentation and binding. The two networks have memory patterns which are independent of one another, yet the input contains them in pairs as, for instance, objects and attributes. When presented with a mixture of such pairs in a constant input, the activities of the corresponding patterns oscillate in a staggered fashion, exhibiting segmentation. Moreover, the phases of the pairs lock with each other, demonstrating binding. The underlying networks are feedback systems which are composed of excitatory neurons grouped into cell-assemblies representing the memories and inhibitory interneurons to which they are connected. The oscillatory nature comes about by dynamic thresholds which implement a fatigue effect for the excitatory neurons.<<ETX>>


As the arctic opens to more development and increasing ship traffic, coastlines are at greater risk of oil pollution resulting from these operations. Fjords are one feature common throughout the arctic, with many dotting the coast of Norway. While these fjords often remain ice free year-round, some fjords in both southern and northern Norway (notably Oslofjorden for the former) can experience variations in ice extent from year to year. The properties of this ice, including porosity, can differ from that of the sea ice found in the open ocean given the influence of various factors including freshwater input, bathymetry, and climatic and oceanographic conditions. Given these variations, oil would likely interact with the ice in a way different from that expected with either sea ice or fresh water ice. To begin understanding the causes and extent of these variations and their potential impact on oil movement through the ice, observations of ice conditions and measurement of ice properties were made in fjords throughout northern Norway between January and May 2018. Results reveal significant variations in ice properties between fjords located geographically near to each other. The data provide a starting point to improve our understanding of why ice extent and properties vary between fjords and our ability to predict ice conditions on a more detailed scale in fjords and along arctic coastlines.


Due to the need of cooperation among nodes to relay packets, wireless sensor networks are very vulnerable to attacks in all layers of the network. One of these severe attacks is the wormhole attack. Detection of wormhole attack is hard, because it can be easily implemented by attacker without having knowledge of nodes in the network or it can be compromised by any legal node in the network. To date, the most of proposed protocols to defend against wormhole attacks are made by adopting synchronized clocks, directional antennas or strong assumptions in order to detect wormhole attacks. A method based on clustering is presented in this paper to detect this type of attacks. This method is implemented in static and mobile networks. The superiority of our protocol is that during the attack prevention or attack detection, the malicious nodes are detected and requires no additional hardware or complex calculations. Simulation results are perused with the NS-2 simulator and the protocol has been evaluated in terms of packet drop ratio, throughput, delay and energy consumption compared to a network without or under attack. Simulation results show that our protocol is practical and effective in improving resilience against wormhole attacks.


Let me begin by asking you to consider some thought experiments. Suppose that you are being pursued by the police and you go to your family home and ask them to hide you. You would expect that they would do so. It would be abnormal if they did not. Consider again the reverse situation. You know that one of your parents or one of your children is guilty of a sordid crime and nonetheless he or she asks for your protection, asks to be hidden from police inquiries. Many of us would be willing to perjure ourselves in order to supply such a child or parent with a false alibi. But if an innocent person would then be wrongly convicted as a result of our perjury, most of us would be torn by a conflict between loyalty and justice. Such a conflict will be felt, however, only to the extent that we can identify with the innocent person whom we have harmed. If the person is a neighbour the conflict will probably be intense. If a stranger, especially of a different race or class or nation, it may be considerably weaker. There has to be some sense that the victim is one of us before we start being tormented by the question of whether we did the right thing when we committed perjury. So it might be equally appropriate to describe us as torn between conflicting loyalties — loyalty to our family and loyalty to some group large enough to include the victim of our perjury, rather than torn between loyalty and justice. Our loyalty to such larger groups will however weaken or perhaps vanish when things get really tough. Then people whom we once thought of as like ourselves will be excluded. Sharing food with impoverished people down the street is natural and right in normal times but perhaps not in a famine when doing so would amount to disloyalty to one's own family. The tougher things get, the more ties of loyalty to those near at hand tighten and those to everyone else slacken. Consider another example of expanding and contracting loyalties: our attitude toward other species. Most of us are at least half convinced that the vegetarians have a point that animals do have some sort of rights. But suppose that the cows or the kangaroos turn out to be carriers of a newly mutated virus which, harmless to them, is fatal to humans. We would then, I think, shrug off accusations of 'speciesism' and we would participate in the necessary massacre. The idea of justice between species would then become irrelevant, because things have gotten very tough indeed and our loyalty to our own species must come first. Loyalties to a larger community — that of all living creatures on our home planet — under such circumstances, would quickly fade away. As a final example consider the tough situation created by the accelerating export of jobs from the first world to the third world. There is likely to be a continuing decline in the average real income of most American and European families. Much of this decline can be attributed to the fact that you can hire a factory worker in Thailand for a tenth of what you would have to pay in Ohio or in Brabant. It has become the conventional wisdom of the rich that United States and European labour is over-priced on the world market. When American business people are told that they are being disloyal to the United States by leaving whole cities without work or hope, they reply that they place justice over loyalty. They argue that the needs of humanity as a whole take moral precedence over the needs of their fellow citizens and override national loyalties. Justice, they say, requires that they act as citizens of the world. Consider now the plausible hypothesis that


Four members of a family had comedo-like lesions in which distinctive dykeratotic changes were found histologically. After studying the familial aspect of this disease, with discussion of the differential diagnosis, we have given it the proposed name, familial dyskeratotic comedones. To our knowledge, these are the first such cases reported in the English literature.


Over the last 20 years, the number of countries with Internet (ARPAnet in the mid-1970s) connectivity has increased from about a halfdozen to over 170. Growth rates for the number of hosts and users have been around 100% annually for a decade. Although this extraordinary diffusion has been truly global, it has not been uniform. A few large areas have been slow to acquire or absorb this technology, including many extremely poor countries in sub-Saharan Africa and small island states in the Southwest Pacific. In terms of population, wealth, and geography, the most striking under-representation in this Internetted world is the 51 members of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC). Stretching from Guinea-Bissau on the west African coast to Indonesia in Southeast Asia, the OIC covers a wide spectrum of geography, demography, and economic well-being (Figure 1). In late 1993, of the roughly 15,000 nets then comprising the global Internet, the OIC total was 42, with 29 in Turkey and Indonesia [4]. Even within the OIC, among the slowest to join the world's Internet community have been the nations of the Persian Gulf. These nine petrochemically endowed countries range from tiny Bahrain and Qatar (each with about 600,000 people) to much larger Iran (70 million), Iraq (21 million), and Saudi Arabia (20 million). Per capita GDP (adjusted for purchasing power) varies from Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (about $$15,000–$20,000 each) to Yemen (about $1,600— although not on the Persian Gulf, Yemen is included to complete the Arabian Peninsula). The ninth, Oman, ranks in the middle. In January 1994, the Persian Gulf had no TCP/IP hosts when the rest of the world had over 2.2 million. By January 1995, Kuwait had modest, and Iran fairly minimal, connectivity. Now all but Iraq are connected, some with impressive growth percentages (Table 1). Why was there so little of the Internet in this part of the world for so long? And what has brought about its acceptance in so many countries in a short time? International Perspectives


Gradient of temperature and chemical potential can be produced in a semiconductor sample by applying a localized microwave field. The nonequilibrium statistical opertor method is generalized and applied to study the transport coefficients of a hot-electro


Some species of coastal sage and chaparral shrubs of California are extremely tolerant of tissue dehydration, surviving water potentials as low as -9 MPa during dry summer months. Such low water potentials (high tensions on xylem water) are known to cause severe embolism formation in the xylem vessels of woody plants, blocking water transport and potentially causing shoot dieback. Thus drought hardy species of coastal sage and chaparral are either extremely resistant to water stress-induced embolism or they become severely embolized during summer drought. We compared the seasonal changes in xylem water potential and xylem embolism (percent loss in hydraulic conductivity of stem segments due to air emboli) between co-occurring Salvia mellifera (coastal sage) and Ceanothus megacarpus (chaparral) growing in the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California. We also determined the relative sensitivity of each species to water stress- induced embolism by artificially dehydrating branches and measuring percent loss in hy- draulic conductivity of xylem tissues at a given water potential. We found that both species experienced the same minimum in seasonal water potentials (-8 MPa) but the xylem of S. mellifera lost 78% in hydraulic conductivity whereas the xylem of C. megacarpus lost only 17% in hydraulic conductivity. These values for a natural plant community were within 10% of those predicted by our artificial dehydration curves. Our estimate of sus- ceptibility to water stress-induced embolism indicated that 50% loss in hydraulic conduc- tivity would occur at -4.5 MPa for S. mellifera but at -11 MPa for C. megacarpus. Irrigation of S. mellifera for one summer reduced loss in conductivity from 78 to 38% and increased leaf areas 10-fold, indicating that xylem embolism and leaf drop were drought induced. Our results show that xylem tissues of S. mellifera are more sensitive to water stress and tissue dehydration than those of co-occurring C. megacarpus. The observed ability of S. mellifera to inhabit drier sites than C. megacarpus may result from drought deciduousness in summer and high growth rates in spring that facilitate rapid construction of new xylem and leaf tissues. It may be that facultative drought deciduousness in coastal sage is tightly coupled to drought-induced embolism of xylem tissues.


Diabetes mellitus is one of the endocrine metabolic disorders that has caused morbidity and mortality worldwide. Α-glucosidase inhibitor which plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism is needed to avoid postprandial hyperglycemia. A bioactive peptide derived from soy protein was chosen as an alternative treatment for diabetes because of its therapeutic potential. Several bioactive peptides have been shown to inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme, such as the bioactive peptide LLPLPVLK, SWLRL, and WLRL. This study aims to identify and evaluate molecular interactions that occur between bioactive peptide molecules and α-glucosidase enzyme macromolecules using protein-peptide docking methods through in silico. Bioactive peptide sequencing was first modeled using the PEP-FOLD software. The best conformation was chosen for an interaction study of the α-glucosidase enzyme macromolecule using HPEPDock software. Further exploration was carried out on the molecular interactions formed using BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020 software. Based on the results of molecular docking, the WLRL bioactive peptide has the best affinity against the α-glucosidase enzyme, with a binding free energy value of −748.12 kJ/mol. Therefore, the bioactive peptide is predicted to be a suitable candidate for the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitor.


This article explores how ideas of environmental consciousness are explored within two Old English prose versions of The  Life of St Cuthbert, alongside an Old English poem Guthlac A and a Latin version of The Life of St Guthlac. It  seeks to challenge the assumptions of monolithic belief in the early medieval period and to situate an ecocritical analysis  within the context of contemporary focus on the Anthropocene. The article analyses episodes of interaction between the  human and non-human in the texts, reading them through this dual lens. It argues for a complexity of beliefs regarding man  and nature in the early medieval period that is characterised by a theology of both dominion and duty of care.


Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been widely deployed in IoT-enabled applications because of its cheapness, simultaneous multi-item-identification, and strong information storage capability. In a large-scale RFID system, all tags belong to different groups according to the item-associated brand, value, or danger class. However, the existing works assume that groups equally share the maximum identification efficiency 36.8% under the optimal parameter settings. This letter proposes a Priority-based Tag Identification (PTI) protocol for RFID systems. In PTI, the high priority group enjoys a higher identification efficiency than the low priority groups. This is achieved by using the priority queue technique, which enables the reader to detect the tags with the highest priority and only allows them to respond to the reader. Our experiments show that due to the benefit of priority queues, the maximum slot efficiency of the PTI protocol can be improved to 78.9%.


In this paper,some design techniques of formwork bracing system for cast-in-situ girder of an overbridge were analyzed.The strength,stiffness and stability of this bracing system were checking calculated.The construction practice proved that this supporting system is feasible and the mechanical calculation is scientific and reasonable.


1. The oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of normal non-nucleated red corpuscles stored in the ice-chest is very slow; in the ice-chest, the temperature of which is 4°-7°C., in about 70-80 hours the oxygen content of the blood is lost by about 50-80%, while in blood mixed with adrenaline there is only a decrease of about 15-40% in the same time. 2. The rate of reduction of normal blood stored in the incubator of 34°-38°C. is very great in comparison with that in the ice-chest; in about 10 hours it acquires a darkish red colour, and in about 15-50 hours the oxygen content is lost by about 80-100%, while in blood mixed with adrenaline, there is only a decrease of about 50-60%. 3. Adrenaline decreases the rate of the increase in the carbon dioxide content of the blood stored in the ice-chest or the incubator. Generally, the influence of adrenaline on the production of carbon dioxide is greater than that on the oxygen consumption; in both the blood with and that without adrenaline, the oxygen consumption and the carbon dioxide productgion do not run closely parallel to each other; even after the entire loss of the oxygen content, the production of carbon dioxide can continue. 4. There is fairly large variation in the results of experiments on the gaseous metabolism of blood stored in the ice-chest and the incubator; this variation is due especially to the temperature and the haemoglobin content. 5. While the effect of adrenaline on the gas metabolism of blood is very marked, it has no influence on the oxygen capacity of the blood. 6. The reduction of haemolyzed blood, compared to that of normal blood is very remarkable; when the blood is haemolyzed, the time taken for complete reduction is shortened and by storage in the incubator for ten hours its oxygen content is entirely lost, while of adrenaline is added, the rate of the reduction of blood is markedly retarded and nearly equal to that in the case of non-haemolyzed normal blood. No difference in the efficacy of adrenaline on the haemolyzed blood and the non-haemolyzed is found. The action of adrenaline on the gaseous metabolism of blood does not depend on the presence or not of plasma membrane of blood corpuscles. 7. Adrenaline reduces also the gaseous metabolism of serumless washed corpuscles as distinctly as that of normal blood; namely the efficacy of adrenaline has no relation to the presence or not of serum. 8. Adrenaline acts similarly on the gaseous exchange of washed and haemolyzed blood. Thus it has no relation to cell membrane, cell structure or serum. 9. Adrenaline retards the rate of reduction of oxyhaemoglobin solution in which no stroma is contained, thus the action of adrenaline has no relation to stroma of red corpuscles. 10. The inhibitory action of the adrenaline solution on the gaseous metabolism of blood is notdue to chloretone contained in it, nor is it due to its acidity. Hydrochloric acid solution of the same acidity increases the rate of reduction of blood. 11. Adrenaline also retards the rate of reduction of blood when it is treated with reducing gas. When the blood is reduced with carbon dioxide gas, the effect is more marked than when nitrogen gas is used. 12. Adrenaline does not accelerate the rate of oxidation, but on the contrary has a tendency to retard it. 13. For a few minutes after the intravenous injection of adrenaline, just during the rise of the blood pressure the blood of the external jugular vein is red-colored; the difference between the quantities of oxygen contained in it and in the arterial blood becomes small. This action of adrenaline has no relation to the state of the blood flow. 14. The effect ofadrenaline injected into the body can be proved in vitro in the blood; of the blood taken within a few minutes after the intravenous injection of adrenaline, the gaseous exchange in vitro is markedly decreased.


This paper concerns the chydorid cladoceran Leydigia (Neoleydigia) cf. striata Biraben, 1939 in plankton samples from Cienaga El Convento, Colombia. The specimen from Colombia bears the diagnostic features of L (N) cf. striata as redescribed by Kotov and Elias-Gutierrez (2003), Kotov et al. (2004), and Kotov, (2009). However, this particular specimen shows some subtle differences in the morphology of basal spine of claw, spine-like setules on first and second endopod segments of antenna II, and striation on valve. In the Neotropics, L. (N.) cf. striata Biraben, 1939 most closely resembles L. (N.) cf. ipojucae Brehm, 1938 in the structure of thoracic limb II and postabdominal claw, but can be separated from the latter by differences in setules in lateral fascicles on labrum, postpore distance (PP), shape of postabdomen, preanal margin of the postabdomen, and seta 2 of thoracic limb III.


The axial response of a basic confocal microscope is determined when the sample is a thick cylindrical or tubular structure. The response from the back wall of the cylindrical sample is split into two separate signals due to basic aberration or astigmatism effects.


With seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris as material,sand culture were adopted,root activity,chlorophyll content,resistance physiology rule(proline,MDA,SOD,POD) were tested under 15,30,60,90,150,200 mmol/L NaCl stress.The results showed that root activity,SOD activity and POD activity showed increasing first and then decreasing trend with Na+ stress concentration increased.The maximum value was reached under 30,150,90 mmol/L NaCl stress,112%,198% and 219% than the control,content of chlorophyll a,b decreased with the stress of Na+ concentration increased,but content of MDA and proline increased.


This study aimed to investigate the effects of aqueous-alcoholic extract of Ducrosia anethifolia (DC.) Boiss. leaves on the fetal heart tissue changes in the diabetic rats. Forty-eight female rats weighing 200-220 g were fertilized with eight male rats weighing 230-250 g. After ensuring the pregnancy, the females became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (80 mg kg-1 body weight) on the first day of pregnancy, and were randomly grouped. Groups included Control (healthy rats without treatment), Sham 1 (healthy rats receiving 1 ml D. anethifolia extract), Sham 2 (diabetic rats without treatment), and three groups of treatments which respectively received 1 ml D. anethifolia extract at the doses of 250, 500, and 1000 kg kg-1 body weight of the diabetic rats from 6th to 20th day of the pregnancy by gavage. On the 20th day of pregnancy, after anesthetizing the rats and taking 2 ml of blood from their hearts, the fetuses were removed from their uterus. The fetal hearts were isolated and fixed in the 5% solution of formalin. After the tissue processing, the five-micron sections were prepared by the stereological method and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The heart circumference and its wall thickness were measured by the image analysis software, and the number of heart cells was counted by the Grids-stero lite software. The data were analyzed by the ANOVA and the means were compared by the Tukey test (p ≤0.05). The findings showed an increase in the blood glucose, density and length of cardiocytes, and heart circumference in all the diabetic groups compared to the control, which were significantly reduced in the diabetic rats treated with D. anethifolia extract compared to the diabetic group without treatment. According to the results, the aqueous-alcoholic extract of D. anethifolia leaves could slightly compensate the destructive changes caused by diabetes in the fetal cardiovascular tissue by reducing the blood glucose in the diabetic rats.


AbstractAccurate prediction of mixing at cross junctions is important in water quality models because most of the intersecting pipes use cross junctions in water distribution systems. To describe the characteristics of complex mixing phenomena, an empirical mixing model at the cross joints is proposed based on a large number of experimental data. The orthogonal experiments by numerical simulations show that the diameter ratio of inlets and the Reynolds number ratios of inlets and outlets have a dominant effect on the solute mixing at cross junctions. These dominant parameters are then chosen to investigate the cross-joint mixing in the experimental setup. The results indicated that the cross joint connected by pipes with a large size difference has a more complete mixing than the one with a small pipe size difference, if other conditions are kept the same. The mixing formulas for solute concentrations at outlets are fitted by an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based on the experimenta...


In modern DSL systems, multi-user crosstalk is the major source of performance degradation. Optimal Spectrum Balancing (OSB) is a centralized algorithm that optimally allocates the available transmit power over frequencies, thereby mitigating the effect of crosstalk. OSB uses Lagrange multipliers to enforce constraints that are coupled over frequencies. However, finding the optimal Lagrange multipliers can become complex when more than two users are considered. Starting from the single user case, this paper presents a number of properties, which are then extended to the multi-user case and lead to an efficient search algorithm for the Lagrange multipliers. Simulations show that the number of Lagrange multiplier evaluations is as small as 40, independent of the number of users, which is much faster than currently known search algorithms.


Cellular heterogeneous networks (HetNets), which are realized through shared carrier deployments of macrocells and small cells, are widely seen as a potential solution to serve growing data capacity demands. While these networks pose significant challenges in interference management, much of the focus in earlier efforts has been limited only to small-cell range expansion in the downlink. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of interference management techniques applicable to the uplink of cellular HetNets, with the goal of characterizing and improving edge user (e.g., 5th percentile) performance. In particular, we propose and study virtual soft-handoff (VSHO), which offers a low-complexity and low-overhead solution that exploits the link asymmetry observed in the uplink geometry of HetNets. VSHO exploits the fact that, in the uplink, an edge macro user who suffers from very low throughput may be closer to a nearby small cell than its own macrocell. The intuition is that such macro users should have better decoding opportunity when their signals are processed at the nearby small cell with better channel conditions. We also study how interference cancelation (IC) and interference avoidance through resource blanking can be incorporated into our VSHO proposal for further throughput gains. In addition to the VSHO techniques outlined in this paper, we also analyze other candidate techniques available in the Third Generation Partnership Project Long-Term Evolution (3GPP-LTE), such as cell-range expansion (CRE) and joint processing, to present a unified view of interference management options available in HetNets.


Abstract Fast-growing hybrid poplars have been tested for their potential to remove trace elements (TE) from polluted soil in several temperate regions. Despite their potential, they have rarely been tested in countries with a cold temperate climate. The current study screened four different Populus hybrids for phytoextraction of four TEs (i.e., As, Cu, Pb, and Zn) on an abandoned brownfield site in southern Quebec (Canada). The main results showed that under the current experimental conditions, the most important traits determining the actual phytoextraction rate are Biological Concentration Factor (BCF) and TE accumulation in the aboveground biomass, rather than biomass productivity. Although the overall performance of the chosen hybrids was rather poor, the presence of poplar stands enhanced the movement of mobile contaminants in soil, which led to an increase in their concentration in the root zone. This aspect suggests possible strategies for using these plants with high transpiration rates in future phytoremediation projects, including either possible rotation with more effective TE phytoextractor plants (e.g., hyperaccumulators) that can remove high TE amounts that have migrated from the deeper soil layers following poplar plantation, or phytostabilization. NOVELTY STATEMENT Although the use of fast-growing woody species is commonly reported as a feasible option for the phytoextraction of TEs in temperate climates, most available information pertains to only a few species, mostly willows. This is one of the few studies reporting the results of a field test carried out in a cold temperate region, in which different poplar hybrid clones were tested for their potential in TEs phytoextraction. This research determined that although the studied poplar genotypes have no potential under these experimental conditions, the increase in TE concentration observed in the rhizosphere after two years suggests possible alternative phytoremediation strategies (phytostabilization) for managing polluted sites in cold temperate climates.


The present invention relates to compounds of general formula I and their use as inhibitors of protein kinases Src and Abl and process for obtaining them. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising these compounds.


It is shown that the molecular ion H ++ 3 does not exist in a form of the equilateral triangle. To this end, a compact variational method is presented which is based on a linear superposition of six specially tailored, Coulomb-type trial functions containing non-linear parameters. Careful optimization of a total of fifteen parameters gives consistently lower variational results for the electronic energy than can be obtained with standard methods of quantum chemistry even with huge basis sets as large as mcc-pV7Z. Taking the proton (electron) charge as a continuous parameter the critical charges are found where the ion H ++ 3 becomes (meta)-stable.


With the growing of environmental and energy crisis in the world,more attention are being paid on the new form energy,especially ocean energy. In this research,wave energy,offshore wind energy resources assessment method and the current developing and utilizing status were discussed. And,the categories of wave power devices,especially some advanced wave power devices home and abroad were introduced. The future of wave and wind power generation,as well as other measures to alleviate global energy crisis,were prospected.


COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in children is relatively mild, so it is easy to make a misdiagnosis in the early stages if it presents only with respiratory symptoms. At the time of the pandemic, testing for SARS-CoV-2 is important in all paediatric patients who have fever and acute abdominal pain with diarrhoea or vomiting, to differentiate acute COVID-19 or possible multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) from acute appendicitis, and thus avoiding unnecessary surgery. On the other hand, early accurate diagnosis and consequent appropriate surgical and antibiotic treatment of appendicitis are important because they can prevent complications such as abscess formation and other postoperative complications. Delayed diagnosis can lead to significant morbidity that can outweigh the damage caused by COVID-19 alone. The fact that at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic radiological examination also has its limitations and can very often show a false-positive finding in children with MIS-C must also be taken into account. It is very important that paediatric surgeons are aware of the gastrointestinal manifestations of acute COVID-19 or MIS-C, and are able to distinguish this new entity from the surgical pathologies it often mimics.