The widespread use of rotary Stirling coolers in high performance thermal imagers used for critical 24/7 surveillance tasks justifies any effort to significantly enhance the reliability and predictable uptime of those coolers. Typically the lifetime of the whole imaging device is limited due to continuous wear and finally failure of the rotary compressor of the Stirling cooler, especially due to failure of the comprised bearings. MTTF based lifetime predictions, even based on refined MTTF models taking operational scenario dependent scaling factors into account, still lack in precision to forecast accurately the end of life (EOL) of individual coolers. Consequently preventive maintenance of individual coolers to avoid failures of the main sensor in critical operational scenarios are very costly or even useless. We have developed an integrated test method based on 'Micro Electromechanical Systems', so called MEMS sensors, which significantly improves the cooler EOL prediction. The recently commercially available MEMS acceleration sensors have mechanical resonance frequencies up to 50 kHz. They are able to detect solid borne shock pulses in the cooler structure, originating from e.g. metal on metal impacts driven by periodical forces acting on moving inner parts of the rotary compressor within wear dependent slack and play. The impact driven transient shock pulse analyses uses only the high frequency signal <10kHz and differs therefore from the commonly used broadband low frequencies vibrational analysis of reciprocating machines. It offers a direct indicator of the individual state of wear. The predictive cooler lifetime model based on the shock pulse analysis is presented and results are discussed.


SOLA-VOF is a program for the solution of two-dimensional transient fluid flow with free boundaries, based on the concept of a fractional volume of fluid (VOF). Its basic mode of operation is for single fluid calculations having multiple free surfaces. However, SOLA-VOF can also be used for calculations involving two fluids separated by a sharp interface. In either case, the fluids may be treated as incompressible or as having limited compressibility. Surface tension forces with wall adhesion are permitted in both cases. Internal obstacles may be defined by blocking out any desired combination of cells in the mesh, which is composed of rectangular cells of variable size.


Today, more nurses are entering the field of transcultural nursing and taking courses in anthropology. They are realizing that anthropology has something important to offer nursing and, especially, to expand their worldview and the differences and similarities among cultures. Although some anthropologists show interest in nursing, they have done less to discover nursing's contribution to extend their clinical care and health knowledge from a nursing viewpoint. In a figurative sense, the two worlds of nursing and anthropology are orbiting, but there have been fewer "touchdowns" to pause and examine the actual and potential commonalities and differences between the two disciplines. For these reasons and others, it is important to explore some critical interdisciplinary issues and trends to stimulate future research, theory, and practices between nursing and anthropology. The purpose of this paper is to identify a few contemporary issues and trends between nursing and anthropology, and discuss their actual or potential impact to facilitate future developments between the two disciplines. For the past three decades, nurses studying in the field of transcultural nursing have identified anthropological concepts and research findings that seem pertinent to nursing or that need further study in relation to nursing's clinical and theoretical interests. On the other hand, very few non– nurse-anthropologists have drawn on nursing's concepts, theories, and research findings. Some anthropologists are just discovering that nursing is a discipline that is developing its own unique body of knowledge. A major difference between nursing and anthropology is that nursing is a profession and its members are licensed to serve society, whereas anthropologists do not have this societal mandate. Chrisman and Maretzki (1982), strong supporters of nurse-anthropologists' contributions, substantiate further these points with their statements that anthropology does not have a "socially sanctioned (and therefore morally experienced), clinical, or


Introduction: Studies conducted in different countries suggest that HIV infected drug users have a higher chance of acquiring pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in comparison to general population. However, there is no information about the prevalence of PTB among HIV infected drug users in Nepal.


Accurate photovoltaic (PV) power prediction is of great significance for the stable operation of PV system, but the PV power sequence is nonstationary, so it is difficult to establish the prediction model effectively by a simple neural network. In this study, the MCVMD‐MI‐SWATS‐Codec (multidimensional constraints variational mode decomposition‐mixed initialization‐switching from Adam to stochastic gradient descent‐codec) that is based on the idea of deep model fusion is proposed to predict PV power generation. MCVMD method with parameter K determined by multidimensional constraint criterion is used to decompose the PV power data, and the frequency of each component sequence is analyzed after decomposition to explore the physical characteristics and application value of each component frequency. Then, a hybrid ResNet‐LSTM (residual network‐long‐ and short‐term memory) model based on codec mechanism integrates input data with different dimensions, such as weather conditions and historical IMF (intrinsic mode function), into dense vectors with the same dimension. The experimental data of polysilicon PV array in the Australian desert environment are used to test the proposed fusion neural network model and the other six competitive models. The results show that MCVMD algorithm is significantly helpful in decomposing the nonstationary data to improve the prediction accuracy, and MCVMD‐MI‐SWATS‐Codec model has high prediction accuracy and robustness in both stable and unstable weather conditions.


The 3-D motion of the relativistic electrons is analysed under the combination of a cylindrical waveguide TE mode (or TM mode) and an axial guide field. Both linear and nonlinear calculations are carried out. Generally speaking, the projection of the electron orbits onto the transverse plane is an annulus, the thickness of which is dependent on the amplitude of the electromagnetic wiggler. However, the electron orbits may diverge when ω+kzvzo+ ( m±1 )ωc≈0 Discussion is also given to the special case that the electromagnetic wiggler is a slow wave propagating parallel to the electron motion.


This article analyzes some funda - mental texts and ideas of Marx in order to think about their contemporary relevance. Marxism has to get rid of the base—superstructure schema, and recognize that the theory of value is too speculative. It should also rethink the differ - ent meanings of what Marx called "science", and have in mind the Hegelian legacy in Marx's thought. In historical terms, it should not forget the context in which Marx lived (first industri- alization) and the kind of revolution that he in - voked in his writings. It is also useful to read Das Kapital as nothing more (and nothing less) than a language game, and to go against the concep - tion of history of the introduction to the Grun - drisse . We have to read Marx with all his con - tradictions.


Introduction: Hemophagocytic lympho-histiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and lifethreatening disorder characterized by proliferation of the mononuclear phagocytic system resulting in marked hemophagocytosis. While HLH may occur as a consequence of a herpes viral infection, this usually arises in immunocompromised individuals. We report a rare case of HLH with Kaposi sarcoma triggered by human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection in an immunocompetent adult.


Electrical insulating mineral oils in a number of transformers contain measurable amounts of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The handling, maintenance and disposal of these transformers and oils would be simplified if the PCBs in the oil were reduced to less than 2 ppm ({mu}g/g). A successful process should efficiently and reliably eliminate PCBs. In addition, the processed oil should be suitable for continued use as a dielectric fluid and it should not present an unusual problem to the environment. The goal of the project reported here has been to develop such a process. Four possible approaches seemed particularly promising initially. These were (1) liquid-liquid extraction; (2) extraction with critical fluids; (3) reaction with organo-sodium reagents; and (4) irradiation with high energy electrons. After weighing the relative effectiveness of each of the four candidates, liquid-liquid extraction -- using methyl Carbitol {reg sign} ( MeC'' -- the monomethyl ether of diethylene glycol) as the extractant -- was chosen for pilot plant evaluation. The pilot plant was operated with two unusual modifications; refluxing a portion of the still bottoms of the extraction liquid to minimize feed oil losses, and a two step solvent separation and purification process to minimize degradation of the refluxing oilmore » from the still bottoms. Cost estimates were made for several scale-up scenarios using results from this pilot plant study. Another segment of the work was the evaluation of the reusability of oil treated by the processes considered here. These treatments did not generally harm the oils and often returned them to a condition approaching that of new oils. It does appear that, done carefully, PCBs can be removed from transformer oil by a wide range of processes, resulting in oils that are suitable for reuse.« less


This book documents the "Implementing a Resilience Framework to Support Climate Change Adaptation in the Mt. Elgon Region of the Lake Victoria Basin" project, which was funded by USAID and implemented by the IUCN Uganda Office.


Effects of blade thickness on discrete frequency noise (DFN) have been investigated using symmetrical NACA blades of three different thicknesses. It was clarified that the mechanism of DFN generation was different depending on the thickness of the blade. In the case of a thin blade, NACA 0008, the air flow was separated upstream of the trailing edge on the suction side of the blade, but was attached to the trailing edge of the blade on the pressure side. Therefore the frequency and the sound pressure level of DFN were varied with the variation of the attack angle. On the other hand, in the case of a thick blade, NACA 0015 or NACA 0018, the flow was separated upstream of the trailing edge on the pressure side while it was attached to the trailing edge on the suction side. The frequency and sound pressure level of DFN did not vary with the variation of the attack angle in these cases. The location of the rolling up of Karman vortices was very important in the generation of DFN. When rolling up of the Karman vortex took place far from the trailing edge of the blade, the Karman vortices did not have a strong effect on the flow around the blade. However, when Karman vortices rolled up in the vicinity of the blade, the interaction of the Karman vortices with the blade was strong, causing DFN generation.


To GAAP or Not to GAAP:  A Guide to Financial Reporting for Small Organizations Featuring Other Comprehensive Bases of Accounting


Results from risk estimations based on data from the Norwegian National Travel Survey are presented. The overall injury risk is unchanged from 1979 to 1984/85. The risk development of different road users follows largely the pattern that is found during the same period in Sweden; risk is highest among young car drivers and motorcyclists. Contrary to Swedish findings, an increase in risk is found among car passengers.


While no specific therapeutic agents have been introduced to retard the inexorable progress of amaurotic familial idiocy (Tay-Sachs' disease), adjunct measures, such as the antibiotics, have led in recent years to a protracted clinical course of this uniformly fatal infantile disorder. Thus, whereas medical texts of a few decades past mention an average life span of somewhat less than 18 months,1-3the 50 children in the presently reported series survived to an average age of 28 months. No deviation in the early disease phases of these cases was forthcoming to suggest any fundamental variant from the classical disease. All the children were normal at birth, displayed arrest of development before the 10th month of life, and followed a pattern of continued clinical deterioration, including macular degeneration, amaurosis, peripheral paralysis, and hyperacusis. It was during the protracted aspect of the disease that certain features emerged which had not been associated


In recent years, in all fields of knowledge, a data-driven approach has spread according to the new scenario defined by the Big Data era. The so-called data deluge has started a season where an impressive amount of data constitutes a valuable research material for scholars. In this new context, the data-driven approach enables academics and scientists to examine and organize data with the goal of increasing knowledge in many research areas. The deluge of data today allows us to plan new analyses on a variety of unstructured data that are produced in major part by web navigation. Recent estimates maintain that 80% of all data is textual data. Furthermore, information that comes from social networks and social media, like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, produces unstructured data in real time. Unstructured data is not organized according to a predefined scheme, and information resulting from these sets of data is typically text-heavy. Anyway, it may contain data such as dates, numbers, and facts as well. This results in irregularities and ambiguities that make it difficult to understand their meaning using traditional programmes as compared to data stored in structured databases. This flow of data has allowed the development of new methods and models, i.e. sentiment analysis to measure the mood of individuals and capture gender differences in language. Sentiment analysis, which is also called opinion mining, has been one of the most active research areas in natural language processing since early 2000 (Liu, 2015), and the constant refinement of analytical tools is offering a richer array of opportunities to analyse these data for many different purposes. These broad assets of data are nowadays available and largely accessible. They represent both a strategic opportunity and a powerful challenge for researchers enabling them to find out new paths for social life exploration, and, more specifically, for the comprehension of the complex relationships intersecting some key concepts in gender, feminist and women/ men sexual identity studies. Data is mainly textual and produced by fertile human communication and exchange activities that take place on an increasing number of social platforms with a powerful viral potential. Human relationships are shaped at different levels of abstraction, fluctuating in the virtual space of the web-net. In these virtual spaces people are actively engaged, performing their agency, and managing their voice contributing to the 'reproduction of or the resistance to gender arrangements' in a community (Holmes & Meyerhoff, 1999:180). For this reason, it is worth studying how the concept of gender is built in the social practice of everyday life through multiple interactions, on the one side – and how it intersects other concepts and dimensions of the same research field, on the other. The Community of Practice approach, proposed by Holmes and Meyerhoff (1999), is actually compatible with the social-constructionist theory. This new kind of data has also changed qualitative research in gender studies. Kumsal Bayazit, Chief Executive Officer of Elsevier (2019) said 'To make progress in gender inclusion, we need to be able to measure where we are and where we want to be'. An increasing number of scholars states the importance of carrying out research based on multiple-approaches methodologies, combining the strength points of micro–macro level analysis techniques (Bergvall, 1999). In fact, there are two main needs: on the one hand, the need to locate the speech in


Progress is reported on the following research projects: studies on organization of chromosomes using sedimentation analysis, electron microscopy, and radiosensitive site analysis; studies on organization of nucleoproteins and DNA using thermal denaturation experiments; distribution of radiosensitive sites in mitotic and intraphase CHO cells using track and alpha particle irradiation; gamma ray and particle irradiation studies of cellular and nucleoprotein damage; and studies of semiconductor properties of biomolecules and applications to melanin-containing cells. (HLW)


The utility model discloses a digital fire-fighting detection and evaluation system, which comprises a fire alarm host and a parallel port printer which is connected with the fire alarm host through a parallel printing bus, and is characterized by also being provided with a personal computer (PC) with a monitoring function and a fire signal intercepting device for acquiring information from the fire alarm host to the bus of the parallel port printer, wherein a general packet radio service (GPRS) wireless communication module for receiving and transmitting data is arranged on the fire signal intercepting device; the PC communicates with the fire signal intercepting device through an internet network and a GPRS network; and a water pressure acquirer for acquiring the water pressure of a fire-fighting water pressure transmitter also can be arranged. By the digital fire-fighting detection and evaluation system, the information of various fire alarm hosts is acquired, temporarily stored and transferred, so that the running state of the conventional alarm host can be detected, and the conventional alarm host can be networked; and the pressure state of a hydrant on the spot can be detected, so that the situation of non-pressure fire-fighting water is avoided. The system is reasonable in circuit structure, and convenient to apply and popularize, and has a good beneficial effect.


This is a description of a multipurpose simulation platform that includes numerous simulation engines and is intended for application in a variety of engineering domains. The platform supports model-based software development and uses structural synthesis of programs for translation of declarative specification of simulation problems into executable code. The platform is being developed as open software and its extensions can be written in Java and C, and included into the simulation packages by using the language development tool called Class Editor.


In various embodiments, the present disclosure describes a carbon nanotube having peeled. Even when it is not being dispersed in a medium such as a polymer or a liquid solution, the carbon nanotubes can maintain its peeled state. The method of preparing the release of carbon nanotubes include carbon nanotubes suspended in a solution containing a nanocrystalline material, the solution was precipitated from the release of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube separation peel. Nanocrystalline materials may also include nanorods, hydroxyapatite, and various derivatives of hydroxyapatite. In some embodiments, the method of preparing the release of carbon nanotubes comprises preparing a solution of carbon nanotubes in acid and the solution was filtered through a filter and the release of carbon nanotubes was collected on a filter. In some embodiments, the acid concentration of carbon nanotubes below the percolation threshold. In other various embodiments described herein containing carbon nanotubes peel energy storage devices and polymer composites. Energy storage means may be comprising at least two electrodes and at least two electrodes in contact with the electrolyte of the battery. Energy storage device preferably contains at least one electrode peeling carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes and polymers prepared by mixing the polymer composite material peeling. After mixing the polymer material, the carbon nanotubes to maintain its state of peeling.


Title: Langerhans cells in hypospadias: An analysis of Langerin (CD207) and HLA-DR on epidermal sheets and full thickness skin sections Authors: Bernhard Haid (firstname.lastname@example.com) Daniela Reider (email@example.com) Felix Nägele (firstname.lastname@example.com) Anne-Françoise Spinoit (firstname.lastname@example.com) Elisabeth Pechriggl (firstname.lastname@example.com) Nikolaus Romani (email@example.com) Helga Fritsch (email@example.com) Josef Oswald (firstname.lastname@example.com) Version: 1 Date: 10 Oct 2019 Author's response to reviews: Dear Mrs. Cryer! Dear Editor!


Results are presented for a finite element modal analysis of a centrally cracked rectangular plate made of linearly elastic material. The objective is to assess the effect of crack size on the natural vibration frequencies of the cracked plate. Only the in-plane vibration modes are studied. The results presented are finite-element mesh-size dependent. Namely, shrinking the mesh size, especially in the crack tip region, would change the magnitudes of the natural frequencies, and the trends would be the same as shown in the present note.


Let α, β be automorphisms of a semiprime ∗ -ring R. We show that: (i) If F : R → R is an additive mapping, where R is a 2-torsion free semiprime ∗ -ring and D an (α, β)-derivation of R, satisfying F(xx ∗ )= F(x)α(x ∗ )+ β(x)D(x ∗ ) for all x ∈ R, then F is a generalized (α, β)derivation. (ii) If F : R → R is an additive mapping, where R is a 6-torsion free semiprime ∗ -ring and D a Jordan triple (α, β) ∗ - derivation of R, satisfying F(xyx )= F(x)α(y ∗ x ∗ )+ β(x)D(y)α(x ∗ )+ β(xy)D(x) for all x, y ∈ R, then F is a Jordan triple generalized (α, β) ∗ -derivation. (iii) Let R be a 2-torsion free semiprime ∗ −ring . If F : R → R is a left generalized (α, β) ∗ -derivation with associated left (α, β) ∗ -derivation D of R such that [F(x)+D(x) ,α (x ∗ )] = 0 for all x ∈ R, then D(x) ∈ Z(R).


Good results are obtained using Non-local Means algorithm to filter noise for underwater images.It can filter most of the noise while maintain the clear edge of objects in the images.It is fit for image pre-processing of underwater images which have much of grain noise.Compared with the median filter and the mean filter,it can improve the signal to noise ratio better.


Developing countries like Nepal face challenges in accessing health services due to sparse distribution in communities, difficult geographic terrain, limited transportation, poverty, and lack of health human expertise in rural areas. The COVID-19 pandemic added woes to the wound. To address this gap, the Hospital for Children, Eye, ENT, and Rehabilitation Services adopted an innovative approach to remote rural patient care using telehealth and artificial intelligence in close coordination with IT professionals and healthcare professionals. We developed a deep learning-based disease prediction model that incorporates telemedicine with AI for screening and diagnosing Eye and ENT diseases using nonspecialist health workers. Deep learning-based disease prediction models in Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Glaucoma added quality specialized services to telehealth. This paper presents the adoption of digital innovations and the incorporation of telehealth to tackle various diseases. To predict DR, 61,458 colorful retinal photographs from fundus photography and 1500 for Glaucoma were used. To reduce the biases, EyePACS data sets were also incorporated. Inception V3 transfer learning model was used for DR and employed DenseNet architecture for Glaucoma. An accuracy of more than 90 %in both models was achieved. Accurate specialized diagnosis, better medical care, patient monitoring, limited specialized hospital visits, and easier with shorter wait times are now possible. In the future, this successful model can be replicated nationally and in other developing countries.


A model is developed for the calculation of the spatial properties of the noise field produced in a stratified ocean by the action of wind at the surface. The random noise sources are represented by correlated monopoles distributed over an infinite plane located an arbitrary depth below the surface. Wave‐theoretical methods are applied to derive expressions for the intensity and spatial correlation of the noise field. A normal‐mode representation of the noise field is used to reduce these expressions to forms which allow physical interpretation and are suitable for numerical computation. Examples are given of intensity profiles and spatial correlation in the vertical for three generic sound‐speed profiles. The results show that the sound‐speed profile and the presence of the bottom can be important in determining the spatial properties of the noise field. An example is given of a calculation of the horizontal spatial correlation using the fast field program (FFP).


Abstract : The flow in a floating element flow meter (rotameter) was studied with laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). With the help of refractive index matching to eliminate optical distortion by the flow tube, the laser Doppler anemometer permitted non-intrusive velocity measurements in all regions of the flow including the immediate vicinity of the float. The computational investigation allowed an insight to the flow structure, particularly with respect to the strong velocity gradients in the gap around the float and the recirculation zone above the float. Results were obtained for various flow rates, different densities of the float material and two heights of the float in the tube.


Objective
To survey the prevalence and distribution of sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and to analyze the influencing factors.

Methods
The prevalence and distribution of sleep disorders were surveyed with Parkinson Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) among 206 PD patients. The association of sleep disorders with age, course of disease, cognitive function, motor function, depression, and the equivalent dose of levodopa (LED) was analyzed.

Results
The overall PDSS score in 206 patients was (116.9±21.4). The three most frequent items of sleep disorders were the overall sleep quality(181/206, 87.9%), difficulty in maintaining sleep(160/206, 77.7%)and nocturnal enuresis(151/206, 73.3%); the three least frequent items were early awaking(87/206, 42.2%), urinary incontinence(56/206, 27.2%)and hallucination(44/206, 21.4%). The three items with the lowest average scores were nocturnal enuresis(6.9±3.1), difficulty in maintaining of sleep(7.1±2.7)and overall sleep quality(7.1±2.0); three items with the highest average scores were audiovisual illusion(9.3±1.8), incontinence caused by motion disability(9.0±2.1) and early awaking with upper and lower limb pain(8.7±2.1). PD patients were divided into group 1 [Hoehn-Yahr(HY F=3.27, P=0.04) between group 1 and group 3. The linear regression analysis showed that the HAMD and the LED scores had the greatest influence on PDSS score (R2=0.142, 0.196).

Conclusion
PD patients have a variety of sleep symptoms. The treatment of large doses of dopamine and depression contribute to the occurrence of PD sleep disorders.

Key words:
Parkinson disease; Sleep disorders; Depression; Questionnaires


Two X-type chromophores, 2-[4-(4,5-di(4-nitrophenyl) imidazolyl) phenyl]-4,5-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-imidazole (DNPIPDMOPI), 2-[4-(4,5-di(4-nitrophenyl)-imidazolyl) phenyl]-4,5-di(4-aminophenyl)-imidazole (DNPIPDAPI), were synthesized and characterized. The results show that they possess good nonlinearity, considerable blue-shifted absorption (385 nm and 379 nm in THF) and high decomposition temperature (377℃ and 405℃). These mean that the X-type chromophores possess a rather good nonlinearity-transparency-thermal stability trade-off. The multi-step corona-poling technique at elevated temperature and in-situ SHG measurements were used to obtain and evaluate the poled films of these chromophores doped in PMMA. The largest SHG signals appeared at 110-120℃, which are 12.5 pm/V and 16.7 pm/V respectively. The dependence of poling induced orientation stability on temperature was measured by depoling experiments and the results indicate that the poling-induced orientation of the films is stable at about 100℃. Theoretic analyses imply that better orientation stability arises from the X-type structure of chromophore. The X-type chromophore has two crossed intramolecular CT, both βxxx and βxyy can contribute to the second-order susceptibility, and the ratio of the tensorial components (γ = βxyy/βxxx) is about 1/3, so the orientation decay of the films induced by rising temperature will provide a certain compensation for the contribution of βxyy of chromophores.


A nationwide study has been carried out linking the National Birth Register and the National Psychiatric Register, using the identification of the mother as linkage. The study comprises all women who during the period from 1 January 1973 to 31 December 1983 gave birth to a child and who during a period from 2 years before to 2 years after the childbirth were admitted to a Danish psychiatric institution. Data are presented about admission patterns for psychotic and non-psychotic women, diagnostic consistency over time, age, parity, civil status, and birth weight and malformation in the child.


The Mo(W,V)/S/Cu(Ag,Au)cluster compounds were classified and summarized.Primarily,the third-order nonlinear absorption and refraction of a series of Mo(W,V)/S/Cu(Ag,Au)cluster compounds were investigated.The correlation between nonlinear optical properties and structural types was also discussed preliminarily.


Ecosystem water-use efficiency (WUE) has been central in revealing the variability in terrestrial carbon and water cycles. Short-rotation plantations such as Eucalyptus plantations can simultaneously impact net primary production (NPP) and actual evapotranspiration (ETa), components of WUE, resulting in changes in terrestrial carbon and water cycles. However, there are few detailed studies on the changes in the WUE of Eucalyptus plantations at the catchment scale with high spatial remote sensing imagery. Here, we present the changes in the WUE of Eucalyptus plantations and its driving factors (i.e., NPP and ETa) using satellite-based models combined with 5-m spatial resolution RapidEye imagery in a small county in South China. The increases in ETa of Eucalyptus plantations are primarily the result of climate warming and result in low WUE of Eucalyptus plantations. The management practice used (short rotation in this study) can enhance the effect of climate warming on WUE by varying the NPP of Eucalyptus plantations. A high value of NPP leads to a high WUE of Eucalyptus plantations at the end of a short rotation, while a low value of NPP results in a low WUE at the beginning of another short rotation. Changes in the WUE of Eucalyptus plantations indicated large spatial and temporal variability, associated with climate warming and short-rotation practices.


DNA computing maps the instances of a reality problem onto specific nucleic acid molecules and protocols so that the result contains the answers to the problem's instances to enable successful extraction.Good DNA sequences prevent unwanted hybridization errors during the computation and enable easy retrieval the answers in the extraction phase.At first,the paper introduces two typical nucleic acid sequence methods,free energy based method and Hamming distance based method,and analyzes the influence of constraints on the quality of DNA sequences.In addition,the paper has compared the integrity and computational cost of two methods for excluding the non-specific hybridization sequence.At last,the paper analyzes the efficiency of two nucleic acid sequence design methods.Through the comparison we can see that the Hamming distance based DNA sequence design method can only approximately estimate the thermodynamic stability of DNA hybridization,and can not be a perfect substitute for the minimum free energy method.Further analysis shows that when only consider the free energy of Watson-crick base pairs,the calculation of free energy will be equal to the Hamming distance method.So,if the precision satisfied the requirement of experiment,Hamming distance based DNA sequence design method,not only can effectively distinguish between specific and non-specific hybridization,and effectively reduce the amount of calculation,improve the efficiency of the DNA sequence designing.


The paper introduces the application of Minesight software in open pit boundary optimization by comparing it with conventional boundary optimization method and concludes some solutions by using the software in design application of open pit mines.


The article gives an introduction to constitution and configuration of head-up display(HUD) system and the basic principle for system design and installation from the view of civil aircraft certification.The HUD systems installed on B737 and B787 are illustrated to show the development of the system.A preliminary analysis is given on system composition and certification issue of Enhanced Flight Vision System(EFVS),which is an extended application of HUD system.


According to Israeli Judge Oded Gershon's opinion in Estate of Rachel Corrie v. The State of Israel in August 2012, Corrie's death by Caterpillar bulldozer was an "unfortunate accident," Rachel's own fault: "Even when she saw the mound of earth moving towards her," Gershon opined, "she did not move away. The accident was caused by the deceased." This essay argues for a different verdict, and examines the several biographical narratives that complicate the judiciousness of Judge Gershon's opinion—those of Corrie herself, of other Palestinians who have died in the course of Israeli house demolitions, and Caterpillar's own relationship with the state of Israel and the US government—in the larger context of the Alien Tort Statute and its "political question doctrine" in US courts, which also found the Corries' claims against the multinational corporation to be dismissable.


Microblogging in-depth impact on the students' learning and life, through the analysis of the pros and cons of microblogging, explore the "microblogging" effectively applied to students learning strategies and methods, give full play to the characteristics of the microblogging is superior to other educational media, and thusbuild a new type of the diverse interactive learning microblogging platform new model.


This study was designed to investigate the antagonistic effect of Curcuma wenyujin on immunologic genetic injury of ICR mice induced by ultraviolet rays(UV).The polychromatic erythrocyte(PCE) micronucleus test in the mouse mallow was processed.Hemogram,hemoglobin content,the catalase(CAT) activity in liver,thymus and spleen index,and PCE micronucleus frequency were measured in this research.The results show that Curcuma wenyujin under experimental dose could obviously ascend the reduce of thymus and spleen index,number of erythrocyte,leukocyte and platelet(PT),hemoglobin and CAT count induced by UV.And it could also recover the uptrend of PCE micronucleus frequency in mallow cell.The conclusion was that Curcuma wenyujin has some antagonistic effect on immune genetic injury of male mice induced by UV.


Christian theology has developed a new implication to the ancient Greek term «hypostasis» conferring to it the new properties that had not been previously attributed with it, neither by philosophy nor by theology. The concept of «knowledge», seemingly belonging to the mental nature, is considered by Christian theology as a more profound entity than a series of informational fields. From the inseparable connection of the concept of «knowledge» with a transformed by Christian philosophy notion of «hypostasis» a number of properties of knowledge are derived which should be taken into account by theology of education and pedagogy: the hypostatic-natural quality of knowledge, its irreducibility to mentally-natural aspect of being; an inalienable religious, morally-practical, creative and free constituents of the cognitive process; personal communicativity, openness, uniqueness, dynamism, hierarchy, purposefulness and hypostatic synthetism.


With the rapid development of UHV/EHV power grid as cross-regional,inter-provincial backbone network,the electromagnetic radiation under transmission lines become one of hot issues.In this paper,the spatial distribution properties of electric field under transmission lines of a 500 kV single circuit is discussed with charge simulation method(CSM) firstly,and sensitivity analysis based on multi-element function of the transmission-line parameters on distribution characteristics of the electric field is also analyzed.Secondly,aiming to optimize the non-equilibrium distribution of electric field intensity and excessive field strength of some areas,the effect of diameter and location parameters of the ground shielding wire is analyzed using sensitivity method and the best diameter and location parameters of the ground shielding wire is also given.


Poly(arylene ether diketone)s were prepared by the aromatic nucleophilicdisplacement reaction of 4,4'-difluorobenzil with different bisphenols in the presence of an-hydrous potassium carbonate in diphenylsulfone at elevated temperature. The polymersobtained had inherent viscosity of 0.51 ~ 0.63 dL/g, and exhibited glass transition temper-ature ranging from 136 ~217℃ mainly depending on the bisphenols used in the polymersynthesis. Thermogravimetry of these polymers showed excellent thermal stability, indi-cating that 10% weight losses of the polymers were observed in the range above 428℃ and438℃ in air and nitrogen, respectively. The mechanical properties of these polymers werealso described and the permeability of five polymers for H_2, O_2 and N_2 was determined at30℃.


From the general position of logistics, forest harvesting technological complexes are multi-factor logistic flows formed by target operations of a complex production process. System analysis is included in forest harvesting logistics by constructing the functional time of the integrated connectivity of the operations performed. Minimum time of storage operations and maximum synchronization of operations in functional time are necessary conditions for optimizing logging production technologies.


A new formalism is presented for the construction of the two-nucleon potential, whose salient characteristic is that it involves an expansion only in the number of mesons exchanged, the self-mesonic field of each nucleon being treated, in principle, exactly. Access to the potential is achieved through the intermediary of the scattering matrix. With the assumption that nonlinear meson propagation may be neglected, alternative versions of this matrix are derived, only one of which is exploited in this paper. The connection between the scattering matrix and the potential is discussed, and it is emphasized again that the transition between the two requires a knowledge of non-energy-conserving matrix elements of the potential, which can be obtained only if the underlying Schr\"odinger equation is known. The potential involving the exchange of at most two $P$-wave mesons is computed and shown to depend on the renormalized coupling constant, the single-nucleon source function, and the total cross sections for pion-nucleon interaction. The numerical evaluation of these formulas is not here attempted.


British English and American English are two major varieties of English.My paper will make a brief study on them.First,I will talk about their historical developments and then focus on their disparities,list their major differences in vocabulary,pronunciation,spelling and grammar.The existence of these differences is natural and inevitable because of the different historical and cultural development of Britain and America.So we should take positive attitudes towards them.


Polarization hysteresis loop of CaBi4Ti4O14 thin film has been studied in the frequency range from 200 Hz to 600 KHz for different applied voltages. It shows that the hysteresis loop is frequency- and voltage-dependent. The maximum polarization decreases logarithmically with the increase of frequency. In contrast, the remanent polarization exhibits a decrease up to about 100 KHz followed by an increase. It seems that the polarization increases with the applied voltage V ac with an exponential law of exp(-(V ac /α) n ) (α∼7V, n∼2).


This paper mainly analyzes methods and technology of three-dimensional terrain with terrain module in MultiGen Creator2.6.According to character of real-time,accuracy and reality in terrain modeling,it gives the application scheme based on the terrain of space launch site.An new source data of terrain(grid map) conversion method is proposed.The authors sum up paste texture with contour strip and also put forward an method of combining Polymesh/Irregular Mesh algorithm with sampling mesh predigestion algorithm.Projection method and ellipsoid,setting LOD are chosen,an effective 3D terrain application project is given.This paper generates a three-dimensional terrain of space launch site with perfect visual effect,and the terrain has been applied to the three-dimensional simulation system.


We have grown Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ thin films on CdTe[111]B and GaAs[111]B substrates by the conventional co-deposition method using molecular beam epitaxy. In order to investigate and reduce the antisite defects, we varied the relative ratio of the flow-rates of Sb and Te. X-ray diffraction patterns (/spl theta/-2/spl theta/ scans) of the films show that they are well aligned with their (00.1) axis normal to the substrates, regardless of the relative flow-rate ratio. The measurement of the rocking curves of the films shows that they are of high quality, despite a rather large lattice mismatch between the substrate and the film deposited at 200/spl deg/C, with a rocking curve FWHM less than 0.17/spl deg/. The change in the relative flow-rate ratios of Te to Sb causes a remarkable shift in the temperature-dependent thermopower, resistivity, and Hall coefficient of the films. These results demonstrate that by controlling the antisite defects, Sb/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ can be a promising thermoelectric material.


There is still no consensus regarding a generally accepted factor model to assess risk-adjusted hedge fund performance. In this paper, we compare three alternative factor models: the widely used Fung and Hsieh (2004) seven-factor model, a recently proposed extension to an eight-factor model, and a model that selects the relevant risk factors based on a forward stepwise regression approach. Over a fairly long time period from 1994 to 2009, the differences in alphas resulting from the three alternative factor models are small. However, during crisis periods, such as the recent credit crisis, we find a substantial difference in alphas resulting from the Fung and Hsieh (2004) seven-factor model as compared to the other two models. The emerging markets factor, which is included in the eight-factor model and is chosen by the stepwise-based model for 7 out of 11 hedge fund strategies, seems to capture a large part of hedge fund return volatility during crisis periods. Both the stepwise and the eight-factor model generate qualitatively similar results even on the strategy level. Unlike the stepwise-based factor model, the eight-factor model uses the same set of risk factors for all hedge fund strategies. Given its much easier implementation, the eight-factor model seems to be a good choice for a broadly used factor model and a suitable successor for the widely used seven- factor model.


Compared with API (American Petroleum Institute) OCTG (Oil Country Tubular Goods) thread, Non-API thread OCTG has excellent sealing performance and high joint strength for greater depth, higher pressure and temperature, other more rigorous working conditions as well. This paper describes the special structures of a kind of Non-API connection in specific, which is widely used in domestic oil field and gas storage, detailed examination of this connection and recommended practice to measure its thread. So as to provide some useful reference and help for field inspection, it also focuses on the connection's unusual measure items and points some problems in the process of thread inspection.


Purchase-inventory models with price breaks are mathematically discussed by Churchman, Ackoff and Arnoff (I957). The same problem is also considered by Hadley and Whitin (I963). Johnson (I97I) described an easy graphical approach to price break analysis. The concept of Johnson is further developed by Wilkinson and Green (I972). However, all of them agreed in one basic assumption that the quantity received to meet the future demand is precisely the same as the quantity ordered, with purchased amount subject to quantity discounts. In practice, situations may sometimes arise where the amount received deviates from the amount ordered. However, in these circumstances, the whole-saler may ensure the supply of a fixed proportion of the ordered amount, the vf'Jue of the proportion being again dependent on the amount ordered-larger amount ordered will get higher proportion. Deficit amount will also be supplied depending on chance, i.e. amount received besides the fixed proportion of the original order is a random one. Thus, here supply is pgptly deterministic and partly probabilistic. For analytical simplicity the delivery lag is treated here to be virtually zero. While it is possible to develop this type of the inventory problem for each of the models considered in Chapter 8 of Churchman (I957); we will exhibit this problem only with respect to the so-called static, or single-period, model in which a single inventory decision is made in anticipation of future demand, which is viewed as a random variable.


We investigate the effect of coach dismissals on team performance in the Colombian Professional Soccer League. We use 5,600 observations encompassing first-division games played between 2003 and 2010. Because firing a coach might depend on team performance, we use the number of remaining matches in the season and the stage of the tournament as sources of exogenous variation in the probability of a coach dismissal. We find that firing a coach does not have a statistically significant effect on team performance measured by the number of points, the goal difference, the number of goals scored or the number of goals allowed. We relate our findings to the existing literature.


In greenhouse experiments, Pratvlenchus brachyurus (Godfrey 1929) Filipjev and Stekhoven 1941 and Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus (Steiner 1945) Golden 1956 as individual pathogens did not suppress the top growth and root weight of sugarcane. Histological studies of the roots showed damage to cortical and stelar tissues by P. brachyurus and eggs were laid in the metaxylem, while activities of H. pseudorobustus was limited to the cortical tissue. Although, both species are parasitic to sugarcane, only P brachyurus showed pathogenic potential.


In the context of the recently observed and also projected upward sloping trend in EU carbon prices as well as rising global awareness regarding climate change impacts, it is highly vital to understand the response of the future electricity generation sector to higher carbon prices. Therefore, this research paper investigates the effect of carbon prices adequate to the estimated social costs of carbon emissions on European electricity spot markets by applying the unit commitment model MICOES-Europe for the year 2030. The results show that adequate carbon pricing is an effective measure to reach significant emission reductions with in the power sector through fuel switching from coal to gas. Moreover, the impact of the fuel-switch on emission reductions is highly dependent on the initial relationship of fuel prices for gas and coal given low carbon prices. Conversely the dependency decreases with higher carbon prices. Overall, the marginal benefit of ambitious carbon prices is capped by the capacity utilization of gas-fired power plants. The rate of additional emission mitigation is highest at carbon prices in the range between 50-100€/tCO2, an increase beyond 150 €/tCO2 results in minor further emission reductions.


In this paper we address the problem of estimating the parameters of two dimensional FIR system from the cumulant statistics of the system output. Our approach permits that the measurement noise sequence is colored Gaussian and the system model is non minimum phase, and non separable denominator.


There was studied lipid composition of blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes, physiological characteristics of erythrocytes in divers, exposed to extreme factors of the hyperbaric environment in the process of the occupational activity. There was observed a group of 10 male divers from 25 to 30 years of age, whose work is associated with the systematic implementation of submarine dives at medium and large depths (20-60 m) using compressed air for breathing. The influence of hyperbaric stress was shown to be accompanied by the change in a ratio of fatty acids in the total lipids of blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes. In total lipids of blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes the number of all kinds of saturated fatty acids (myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid), the monounsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic acid) was increased and an amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-6 family (arachidonic acid) and n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) was reduced, which caused a change in physicochemical properties of erythrocytes, permeability, and lability. The increase in the amount of cholesterol in the erythrocyte membranes correlates with its elevation in blood plasma. There was an increase in the volume of erythrocytes by 5% and diameter by 13%, due to the inclusion of cholesterol in the membrane. It was recorded a shift in the threshold of hemolysis start at 0.50 ± 0.02% NaCl and its completion at 0.40 ± 0.01% NaCI. Preventive administration of the Kalifen food supplement for two months before the dive would help to remove metabolic disorders caused by the hyperbaric factors.


The evolution of the chemical abundances at the surface of both components of Algol-type binaries is examined. First, we have examined some mixing processes which can affect element distribution in components of Algol-type stars. Second, the C abundance determinations from theoretical models are compared with values known from observational analysis. We conclude that there is no significant difference in chemical composition in components between case AB and early case B mass transfer. We have found a real difference between systems which evolve from initial mass ratios of 10/4 and 10/9.


Because of aging of the population, epidemic of obesity and irreversibility of the disease process, osteoarthritis is going to be one of the main public health concerns in the next few years all around the world. Since no curative treatment is available, chronicity of the disease is inevitable. Thus, the role of the patient in the management of pain and loss of function becomes critical on a day-to-day basis. For this aim, quite all the national and international organizations/societies recommend encouraging self-management in OA. Self-management can be defined as the control of pain and dysfunction by the patient him(her)self. It is usually based on programs developed by health professionals but it can also be implemented by the patient alone independently of any medical supports. The usual objectives of such programs can target maladjusted behaviours, inappropriate self medication, non-adherence to pharmacological therapies or to diet programs, and sedentarity. This lecture will review the level of evidence according to the main outcomes: time for exercise, decrease in pain, weight loss. Taken together the evaluation of the evidence for efficacy of such programs is a challenge since the content of these programs differs from one study to another one. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


The Global Reference Analysis and Visualization Environment (GRAVE) is a research prototype multimedia system that manages a diverse variety of data types and presents them to the user in a format that is geographically referenced ton the surface of a globe. When the user interacts with the globe, the system automatically manages the `level-of-detail' issues to support these user actions (allowing flexible functionality without sacrificing speed or information content). To manage the complexity of the presentation of the (visual) information to the user, data instantiations may be represented in an iconified format. When the icons are picked, or selected, the data `reveal' themselves in their `native' format. Object-oriented programming and data type constructs were employed, allowing a single`look and feel' to be presented to the user for the different media types. GRAVE currently supports the following data types: imagery (from various sources of differing resolution, coverage, and projection); elevation data (from DMA and USGS); physical simulation results (atmospherics, geological, hydrologic); video acquisitions; vector data (geographical, political boundaries); and textual reports. GRAVE was developed in the Application Visualization System (AVS) Visual Programming Environment (VPE); as such it is easily modifiable and reconfigurable, supporting the integration of new processing techniques/approaches as they become available or are developed.


The geochemistry and mineralogy of lamproites from south‐western Anatolia can be used as a snapshot of the lithospheric composition beneath the Menderes Massif. High and near‐constant K2O contents, the presence of mantle xenocrystic phlogopite and olivine, highly magnesian olivine phenocrysts and Cr‐rich spinel inclusions all indicate that the lithospheric mantle was phlogopite‐bearing ultradepleted harzburgite at the time of lamproite eruption (20–4 Ma). This mantle assemblage most probably originated in a complex multistage process, including (intra‐oceanic) supra‐subduction zone depletion during the final stages of southern Neotethyan ocean closure, and accretion of the forearc oceanic lithosphere as shallowly subducted material to the already assembled Anatolia. The data presented here support shallow subduction of the oceanic lithosphere as a cause of the uplift of the Menderes Massif, in contrast to the traditional core‐complex model.


The execution of Yangtze valley flood control plan will remarkably upgrade the flood control standard of flood protected zone, and produce remarkable economic, environmental and social benefits. But the flood control projects will bring about a series of changes to the river channel evolution of the Yangtze, the river lake relation and hydrologic regime etc.. Considering the status quo of rare aquatic animal and fish resources, this paper discusses and analyses the complex influence after the implementation of the proposed flood control projects. For example, the construction of upstream flood control reservoirs and other cascade projects will produce remarkable influence on upstream rare and unique fish resources, the proposed control projects for Dongting lake and Poyang lake at middle stream might have remarkable influence on rare aquatic animal and fish resources in middle and lower stream of the Yangtze.


Optimal operation of repeatedly fed‐batch was determined by the continuous maximum principle for the constant yield case. The objective of maximum cell productivity for a fixed cell concentration was achieved by finding the substrate feeding policy that minimized the processing time. Analytical criteria for the optimal filling policy show that an exponential policy is optimum when the specific growth rate has a maximum, and also that operation in the simple repeated batch mode is optimum when the specific growth rate is monotonic increasing. Comparisons between optimal repeated fed‐batch culture and other modes of operation were made for the case of substrate‐inhibited growth. Cell productivity by repeated fed‐batch exceeds both batch and continuous operation for the case of low residual substrate concentration.


University of Tunas Pembangunan Surakarta is one of the universities in Surakarta. University of Tunas Pembangunan utilizes IT in the utilization and management of its organizational processes, especially in payments using financial information systems. The focus of the problem by the payment service provider is the information system that has not been integrated with the bank, data input is still using proof of payment from the bank and then in the manual input by staff BAUK. Problems that occur are the strokes in inputting data, the number of queues during student activation, and the length of the flow during KRS activation. This research uses COBIT 4.1 Framework with DS1 and DS11 domain process. The degree of maturity to evaluate payment service providers for Financial Information Systems is at Level 3 (Process Defined). This is in accordance with the current state of financial information management. The expected maturity level in BAUK is 5 (Optimized) then from what it is and there should be a gap emerging then given recommendations to make improvements to the desired level of maturity achieved.


Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) scores gathered from 18 female adolescent anorectic patients with very early onset of the disease were compared with existing literature, and analyzed in terms of their relationships to clinical and background variables and other scales measuring anorectic behavior. Trans-cultural comparisons revealed that this sample of German patients had lower scores than Canadian, British, and Dutch samples of older age. The scores of the EAT were independent of denial of illness. Vomiters and lower-class patients had fewer abnormal scores. Therapeutic change between admission and discharge from inpatient treatment was reflected in improved EAT scores. A number of significant correlations with other scales measuring anorectic behavior were detected.


In the sand-casting magnesium alloys Mg-5Al-0.4Zn-0.2Mn-Sr-Ti-xCa, existedα-Mg, (α+ Al2Ca) eutectic and Mg17Al12 when x=0.37, 0.70,0.93,1.69, or α-Mg and (α+(Mg, Al)2Ca) eutectic when x=2.93. With increasing x, the room temperature mechanical properties (σb,δ) of the alloys decreased, meanwhile the strength at 200 ℃ increased first and then decreased slightly, and the elongation decreased rapidly. The yield strength at 200℃(σ0.2,200℃) of the alloys was greatly improved with the increase of x value. DSC analysis proved that the thermal stability of Mg17Al12 phase was improved by dissolution of Ca. The grain boundary strength at 200℃ was improved through the formation of the Al2Ca or (Mg, Al)2Ca phases at the grain boundary. TEM analysis shows that the dislocations slip not only at the basal slip plane (0001), but also at the (1010) prismatic slip plane and (1121) pyramidal slip plane at 200℃. The dislocation can be piled up by Al2Ca phases at the grain boundary resulting in the higher yield strength of the alloy containing Ca than those without Ca at 200℃.


Based on the fractal theory,using both population size and built-up area to indicate city size,this paper conducts an empirical study of China's 200 cities from 1994 to 2004. The following conclusions are reached:in terms of both population size and land size,city size distribution of China perfectly accords to rank-size law; with the increase of the migrants and the rapid expansion of city sizes,the city development shows the inclination of agglomerating in high-ranked cities; yet,the basic characteristics of the city size structure do not change much since the city system is fully developed; the development prospect of high-ranked cities is still promising. Finally,it argues that how to measure the city sizes more accurately,how to promote the rational development of cities and the health of size structure would be the most pressing issues for the development of Chinese cities.


A general approach for computing the inductance of the via hole is given. The [L] matrix calculation is performed with the potential vector given in its integral form, taking into account the current density distribution (J) in the conductor. The partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method is used for this calculation. An analytical formula easy to use in CAD is proposed to calculate this inductance. These results are compared with measurements performed in the frequency range of 1-30 GHz.


Since its creation in 1999, Santa Maria Cathedral Foundation in Vitoria-Gasteiz has been committed to a process for restoring the monument that is characterized by the application of compatible new technologies to the conservation of cultural and historic heritage. Concepts related to three-dimensional visualisation, representation and management have been part of this project since the very beginning. Therefore, a 3D model was created using photogrammetry as a basis for the later development and management of multidisciplinary studies. All this information was digitalised and linked to a cartographic model, creating a System of Geographical Information about the Monument (SIM). A series of applications based on 3D mesh models in mesh has also been developed to help the development of the restoration project and its public diffusion. The most recent of the many initiatives that have been carried out is the development of a light projection system for the historical reconstruction of the polychromy applied to the cathedral's portico. This system is the result of a study in which specialists and companies from different disciplines have taken part. This research has revolutionised the interpretation of chromatic integration of monuments. This document provides a detailed description of the entire process the Foundation has undergone since it decided to research different possible methods of projection until the final light projection project was materialized.


Let R be a commutative ring with nonzero identity. Then the Jacobson graph of R, denoted by 𝔍R, is defined as a graph with vertex set R\J(R) such that two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if 1 - xy is not a unit of R. We obtain some graph theoretical properties of 𝔍R including its connectivity, planarity and perfectness and we compute some of its numerical invariants, namely diameter, girth, dominating number, independence number and vertex chromatic number and give an estimate for its edge chromatic number.


Abstract To cryopreserve cells, it is essential to avoid intracellular ice formation during cooling and warming. One way to achieve this is to convert the water inside the cells into a non-crystalline glass. It is currently believed that to accomplish this vitrification, the cells must be suspended in a very high concentration (20–40%) of a glass-inducing solute, and subsequently cooled very rapidly. Herein, we report that this belief is erroneous with respect to the vitrification of one-cell rat embryos. In the present study, one-cell rat embryos were vitrified with 5 µL of EFS10 (a mixture of 10% ethylene glycol (EG), 27% Ficoll, and 0.45 M sucrose) in cryotubes at a moderate cooling rate, and warmed at various rates. Survival was assessed according to the ability of the cells to develop into blastocysts and to develop to term. When embryos were vitrified at a 2613 °C/min cooling rate and thawed by adding 1 mL of sucrose solution (0.3 M, 50 °C) at a warming rate of 18 467 °C/min, 58.1 ± 3.5% of the EFS10-vitrified embryos developed into blastocysts, and 50.0 ± 4.7% developed to term. These rates were similar to those of non-treated intact embryos. Using a conventional cryotube, we achieved developmental capabilities in one-cell rat embryos by rapid warming that were comparable to those of intact embryos, even using low concentrations (10%) of cell-permeating cryoprotectant and at low cooling rates. Summary sentence Rapid warming (18 467 °C/min) of vitrified one-cell rat embryos results in high rates of development to blastocysts (58.1%) and pups (50.0%), even with cryotubes. Graphical Abstract


To accommodate urban concentration of population, multi-purpose super-tall buildings have been introduced, but they induce many travel demands causing regional traffic problems. While several travel demand management policies such as transit promotion or parking limits are presented to alleviate such problems, transportation infrastructure are still insufficient to meet high demands. In this study, super-tall buildings are categorized by scale and purpose, then mode-specific derived demand is estimated using modal share of each category. Optimal transportation infrastructure level is determined by condition-based average changing amount yielded by street network delay (in case of road) or the number of transit routes (in case of transit).


Abract: Knowledge is decide about development of modern economy. Entrepreneurs who can use its resources they create more added value than competitors. So many political documents in UE or Poland shows on the special role of innovation as a key factor building the competitive position of enterprises but for now was no significant improvement in our position in this terms compared to other leading areas. An obstacle in introducing innovative technological and product solutions in enterprises is most of all high cost of developing and implementing them. Lack of developed legal and institutional infrastructure which favors the implementation of new ideas causes that investing in new services and creating new innovative ventures is too risky. The article attempts to assess the application of cluster initiatives for the development of innovative activity and making of innovation.


This study was conducted to develop a severity-adjusted LOS(Length of Stay) model for knee replacement patients and identify factors that can influence the LOS by using the Korean National Hospital Discharge in-depth Injury Survey data. The comorbidity scoring systems and data-mining methods were used to design a severity-adjusted LOS model which covered 4,102 knee replacement patients. In this study, a decision tree model using CCS comorbidity scoring index was chosen for the final model that produced superior results. Factors such as presence of arthritis, patient sex and admission route etc. influenced patient length of stay. And there was a statistically significant difference between real LOS and adjusted LOS resulted from health-insurance type, bed size, and hospital location. Therefore the policy alternative on excessive medical utilization is needed to reduce variation in length of hospital stay in patients who undergo knee replacement.


The issue of fisheries subsidies has attracted increasing public attention in recent years. This has led to fisheries subsidies discipline being singled out by the WTO Doha statement as one of negotiating issues. This paper examines the international debates on the definition, classification and effect related to fisheries subsidies, analyzes the status of fisheries resources and fisheries subsidies in China,and puts forward some suggestions to adjust China′s fisheries subsidies policy.


Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) method for measuring the pharmic concentration of quercetin in extract of hawthorn leaves in rats and to study its pharmacokinetics. Methods Blood sample were collected through venous plexus in rat eye at different time after oral administration of the extract of hawthorn leaves. After liquide extraction with acetonitrile,the concentration of quercetin in plasma was measured. Then pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated with 3P97 program. Results The results showed that quercetin plasma concentration-time curves in rats coincided with two-compartment model,quercetin was absorbed fast in rats,and it has twin peaks. peak concentration( Cmax) of quercetin in rat plasma was( 1. 209 ± 0. 298)mg / L. It has a secondary absorption peak at 3 h. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: elimination half time( T1 /2β)was( 35. 461 ± 13. 75) h,rate constant of central chamber and peripheral chambers( K21) was( 1. 135 ± 0. 462) /h,elimination rate constant of central chamber( K10) was( 0. 193 ± 0. 252) /h,rate constant of central chamber and peripheral chambers( K12) was( 8. 067 ± 4. 658) /h,area under the concentration-versus-time curve( AUC0- t) was( 1. 209 ± 0. 298) mg·h/L. Conclusions HPLC method is accurate and sensitive. The twin peaks indicats that quercetin has a reabsorption in the intestines.


Now a days, flavoured beverage become most nutritive for all age of people. In recent time, nutrient-rich flavored milk is available in different variety of flavors and offers unique nutrient package of nine essential nutrients as unflavored milk. The present study was conducted to know the sensory attributes of flavoured milk with Wheat grass powder and Honey. In this study, flavoured milk was prepared from tonned milk. Honey was added with different levels viz. 7% (T1), 8% (T2), and 9% (T3) of milk and Wheat grass powder was added @ 8 percent of milk. Addition of wheat grass powder and honey improved sensory quality and acceptability of the product. The most acceptable quality flavoured milk could be prepared by using honey at the rate of 10 percent of the tonned milk.


The outhors discuss a kind of geometrical problems reflated to inequation by app lying Galois'theory and give the computer algorithm which can be used to judge t he pro blems ,whether it can be solved with construction by rule and compass or by elem entary method. The algorithm depends upon decomposing integral coefficient polyn omials and distinguishing irreducible polynomials in rational field.


Recognition of an item from a list is typically modeled by assuming that the representations of the items are activated in parallel and combined or summed into a single measure (sometimes termed 'familiarity' or 'degree-ofmatch') on which a recognition decision is based. The present research asks whether extra items (length), or extra repetitions (strength), increase this activation measure. Activation was assessed through examining hits and false alarms as the length or strength of word categories were varied. The use of a categorized list insured that response criteria were not changed across the length and strength manipulations. The results demon-strated that: 1) The activation does not change with an increase in the strength of presented items other than the test item; and 2) The activation is increased by an increase in the number of presented items in a category. The results provide important constraints for models of memory, because most models predict or assume either that activation grows with both length and strength, or grows with neither. In fact, the only extant model that can predict both the length and strength findings is the differentiation version of the SAM model (Shiffrin, Ratcliff, & Clark, 1990).


The paper presents a chaotic system.Some basic dynamical behaviors of the system are further explored by calculating its Lyapunov exponent spectrum and bifurcation diagrams.It is transformed from chaos to quasi-period and period.A digital circuit is designed to the chaotic system by DSP Builder in Simulink of Matalab,the circuit is translated into the VHDL code and downloaded into target hardware.It shows a good agreement between system simulations and experimental results.Furthermore,a method for digital implementation of a continuous chaotic system is proposed by using Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) technology and Electronic Design Automation(EDA) tool.


ABSTRACT This article examines the cycle of violence within the context of individual and family dynamics as well as its interdependence with the larger whole—in particular, school experiences and societal norms. Through an exploration of the inter-relationship between small and larger systems, the authors emphasize that an individual and collective cognitive-cultural transformation needs to be embraced in order to attentively promote and continue to support non-violent behavioral patterns as well as strengthen the well-being of youth. The authors present practical strategies with the purpose of advocating for changes at the small and large system capacity. Implications for the developmental process of children/youth, family interaction, school, as well as social policies are discussed.


The oxidation of C2-hydrocarbons (ethane, ethylene, and acetylene) was studied with a shock tube connected with a mass spectrometer over the temperature range from 1300 to 2000 K and the total pressure ranging from 200 to 400 Torr in the O2/fuel ratios 1.25 - 4.5. The induction period (τ) was determined by monitoring the oxygen concentration, and the following equations were found to hold:Ethane; τ=1.15×10-10 [C2H6]1 [O2]-1 exp (30000/RT),Ethylene; τ=2.45×10-14 [O2]-1 exp (23000/RT),Acetylene; τ=9.94×10-14 [O2]-1 exp (17000/RT),where τ and the concentrations are expressed in s and mol/cm3, respectively.


A theoretical description of recovery voltage on oil-paper insulation systems based on interfacial charge movements is proposed as an alternative to traditional RC-circuit model. The traditional model produces responses that are linear superposition of exponential functions. However, the recovery voltage observed in actual time-domain measurement does not conform to the exponential descriptions. This is especially true to the tail of recovery voltage which decay sub exponentially at the rate of 1//spl radic/t rather than exponentially. More data points need more time constants to describe because the curve is intrinsically non-exponential. The interfacial charge model also suggests that the recovery voltage of pressboard can be viewed as reflecting two major processes of charge movements and transfer.


ABSTRACT This article provides guidance in using the needs assessment process as a planning tool specifically for library services supporting distance learning programs. The first section covers pre-assessment planning activities, which include defining the specific purpose or purposes of the assessment, assigning responsibility for various aspects of the project, establishing time frames, and defining target groups. The section related to conducting the assessment itself discusses, along with other issues, selecting data collection tools and constructing questions. Promotion of the assessment and methods of encouraging participation are also considered. Since Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery personnel are an integral part of library services, they may be called upon to support distance learning programs. Thus, topics discussed in this article will be applicable to their situations.


Recent advances in CMOS technology adds more transistors to the chip that are utilised for improving processing capability by adding multiple processing components. These multiple cores raise the data demands leading to larger on-chip caches. Together, these add to the energy consumption as well as heat dissipation. Increase in chip temperature requires efficient cooling mechanisms as high temperatures can damage the onchip circuitry. Thus, the performance enhancement comes at the cost of higher power budget as well as temperature. Large onchip caches occupy significant area of the chip and are major contributors to leakage energy. It is known that as technology scales leakage becomes a prominent component which also affects the chip temperature. This paper aims to control the chip temperature by controlling the leakage energy dissipated by the last level caches (LLCs). Towards this we propose a hybrid LLC that uses a combination of SRAM cache banks and non-volatile memory (NVM) technology based STT-RAM banks. STT-RAM technology has the advantage of high density and low leakage.We demonstrate that low-leakage STT-RAM banks help in reducing the temperature of the tile in which they are located and it also assists in reducing the average chip temperature. Experimental evaluation on an isoarea and iso-capacity architecture that uses a hybrid LLC shows reduction the average chip temperature as well as gives gains in static energy and EDP compared to baseline architecture.


Currently, delayed signal cancellation (DSC) is the most popular and widely used technology owing to its robust performance and effectiveness, however, there are time delay in transient response. This paper proposed a method to choose delay factors of cascaded delayed signal cancellation-PLL (CDSC-PLL), which fast convergence and can extract fundamental frequency positive sequence(FFPS) in diode rectifier exactly. Frequency adaptive DSC operator can well adapt the grid frequency variations, however, increases the complexity and hard to establish its transfer function. This paper established the linear function of frequency adaptive CDSC-PLL in small signal method, and design the parameters of control system. Verify the correction of the linear model by MATLAB/Simulink and experiment. Also compare the performances with original schemes. The results shown that the small signal model is correct and the system performance is preferable in chosen parameters.


The specific determination of fluorine in NaUF/sub 5/ and UF/sub 4/ with cationic resins, involves the following procedure: The sample under test is decomposed with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The solution is passed through a column filled with a cationic ion exchange resin type IR 120 and the obtained anionic solution is titrated with standard 0.05 N thorium nitrate. The procedure for the preparation of standard thorium nitrate and the method of conversion of resin into a hydrogen form is also given. A general description of the method of analysis, discussion on the result obtained, and main advantageous features of the new analytical method are presented. (auth)


Plasma fluphenazine concentrations were measured by neuroleptic radioreceptor assay in 17 outpatients receiving chronic treatment with intramuscular fluphenazine decanoate. The range of concentrations was 0.5–2.4 μg/L over the dosage range of 0.30–3.2 mg/d. Age, sex and smoking status had no influence on plasma fluphenazine concentrations, which were not correlated with dose (expressed as mg/kg/d). There was no significant correlation between plasma concentration and clinical status of the patients. No difference in plasma concentration between patients with extrapyramidal signs or tardive dyskinesia and those without signs were observed.


ABSTRACT The effect of planting time on plant growth, dry matter and oil yields, and oil quality of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) in Central Uttar Pradesh was investigated. Maximum dry matter and oil yield were obtained from peppermint planted on December 30, a time when superior crop growth, as compared with other planting dates, could be attributed to favorable light and temperature conditions. Peppermint planted in December produced essential oil high in menthol and menthyl acetate and low in menthone.


Aim. Integral rating system approbation of the Russian Federation regions using weight coefficients based on indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the organization of medical care in cardiovascular surgery.Methods. The study included 6 indicators with the highest final rating and expert agreement coefficient (based on data from the previous study). The values of the indicators were calculated for 38 Russian Federation regions supervised by the national medical research centers in cardiovascular surgery based on the statistical data provided by the Russian Federation regions and compared with the data of federal statistical observation forms. Further, all indicators were transferred to a point scale to form a single integral rating. The value in points for each of the indicators was multiplied by the corresponding weight coefficient for each subject of the Russian Federation. At the end, we performed a comparative analysis of the two integral ratings and expert validation.Results. It was found that the Moscow Region is in first place (880.00 points) based on the results of building an integral rating using weight coefficients. In second place instead of the Tambov region is the Republic of Bashkortostan (760.71 points). The third position of the Lipetsk region is occupied by the Samara region (750.89 points). The Smolensk region (259.28 points) occupies the 38th place in the integral rating with the use of weight coefficients, as well as in the ranking without the use of weight coefficients. The Republic of Ingushetiya (+18 seats) and the Republic of Dagestan (+17 seats) are characterized by the greatest positive change in the number of seats. The Kirov region (-16 places), the Penza region (-16 places), as well as the Tula region (-11 places) and the Vladimir region (-11 places) are characterized by the greatest change in the number of seats in the negative direction.Conclusion. Presented system of integral rating of the Russian Federation regions with weight coefficients demonstrated the principal adequacy of all proposed approaches in relation to the real situation with the organization of medical care in the Russian Federation regions, and also made it possible, through the use of weight coefficients, to take into account the varying degree of contribution of the indicators used to the integral rating of the Russian Federation regions. In the same time the indicators should be choose very careful.


Social media are becoming new venues for more and more people to get information, express opinions, and connect with others. Various online communication behaviors carry and, meanwhile, are influenced by certain emotions. This study adopted a mixed method of survey and in-depth interviews to examine how the emotionally loaded content influenced people's online engagement. The targeted population focused on those active users on Chinese social media. The results revealed a unique phenomenon on social media in post-Covid China that both joy and anger attracted greater attention and more interaction. Also, the emotion of shock turned out to be unexpectedly influential on people's sharing behavior. It ranked ahead of anger and was second only to joy in getting people's attention. Furthermore, this study found that the content virality depended on the intended audience groupthat people tended to forward the angry messages to friends in private and retweet the joyful content publicly. These findings added nuances to previous literature concerning the role of emotions on social media. It reflected a relatively new reality of the post-Covid online phenomena in China.


We prove the existence of two fundamental solutions Φ and $\tilde \Phi$ of the PDE \input amssym $$F(D^2\Phi) = 0 \quad {\rm in} \ {\Bbb{R}}^n \setminus \{ 0 \}$$ for any positively homogeneous, uniformly elliptic operator F. Corresponding to F are two unique scaling exponents α*, $\tilde\alpha^*$ > −1 that describe the homogeneity of Φ and $\tilde \Phi$. We give a sharp characterization of the isolated singularities and the behavior at infinity of a solution of the equation F(D2u) = 0, which is bounded on one side. A Liouville‐type result demonstrates that the two fundamental solutions are the unique nontrivial solutions of F(D2u) = 0 in \input amssym ${\Bbb{R}}^n \setminus \{ 0 \}$ that are bounded on one side in both a neighborhood of the origin as well as at infinity. Finally, we show that the sign of each scaling exponent is related to the recurrence or transience of a stochastic process for a two‐player differential game. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Modeling and analyzing survivability in network security management systems is a very import research hotspot.There are some imitations in the existing two methods for network security management systems.A method for analyzing the relationship between the nodes is proposed to calculate system survivability,in which the mathematics model is used and the program of the arithmetic is given.This method shows that how an indirect relation of survivability can be established between two indirect nodes.Theoretical analysis and results indicate that the model and algorithm are feasible and effective.The survivability of networks can be evaluated under different states,the applicability and efficiency are better.


A wide class of second order linear autonomous delay differential equations with distributed type delay is considered. By the use of two distinet real roots of the corresponding characteristic equation, a new result on the behavior of the solutions is obtained.


Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Hetero2 effective for leaching of metal sulfide was isolated. From the results of a single metal sulfide leaching experiment using this microorganism, metal ions from ZnS and CuS were enriched in leachate at 2,350 and 190 ppm for 630 hours, respectively. In term of the ferrous iron effect, ZnS was leached in proportion to the initial Fe concentration. When a mixture of ZnS and CuS was added to the leaching culture, ZnS was more enriched in leachate at same initial Fe concentration than ZnS alone. This was because the leached Cu reacted with the less stable ZnS to be precipitated as sulfide and ZnS was dissolved instead of Cu. Comparing mixtures of ZnS and PbS, Zn was less leached than with CuS, because the affinity for PbS as an energy source was larger than CuS. Cu from CuS was more enriched when coexisting with PbS than with ZnS due to the above relation. From the result of mixtures of metal sulfides leaching experiment, the affinity of T. ferrooxidans Hetero2 for metal sulfide as energy source was ZnS>PbS>CuS. For PbS, the biological leaching capacity was not observed, because of its precipitation with SO as PbSo. For iron sulfide, FeS could be leached at 1,600 ppm for 220 hours while FeS, a very stable metal sulfide, was not leached at all.


condition is frequently the most striking feature of the case; but the practitioner will rarely succeed in curing it _ unless the underlyin'g condition is attacked as well. In this case for three months no attention seems to have , been given to the seborrhooa, while many and diverse remedies were applied to the superadded pyogenic condition. > ~he case ,also illustrates the' futility of applying strong antiseptics to a septIC dermatitis, and the following paragraph from Dr. Mackenna's book on diseases of the s,kin is well worth quoting. "In suppurative skin conditions, do not aim at destroying all the organisms in situ by the use of strong antiseptics. Leave something to Nature and do not interfere with her functions ~ damaging the body tissues in an end~avour to kill microorganisms. A pyogenic dermatitis which has resisted strong antiseptic applications will often yield to an applicatIOn of calamine lotion and preci'pit~ted sulphur (eleven grains in an ounce)." 'l'he case also illustrates the importance of treating theseborrhooa ,of the scalp. A seborrhooa of the body usually resists all remedies applied localiy, unless the scalp lItlso is treated. In this case, the'seborrhooa disappeared from the body without any local treatment, as soon as the scalp was vigorously dealt with. I am indebted to Major F. S. Tamplin, R.A.M.C. 0.0., tile Military Hospital, Chester, in consultation with whom this case was treated, for permission to publish these notes. " ,


How to cite this article: Goztepe Gumus I, Tutarel Kislak S. The predictive role of forgiveness and the level of repetitive thinking on mental health and marital adjustment in married individuals. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2019;32:236-245. The predictive role of forgiveness and the level of repetitive thinking on mental health and marital adjustment in married individuals


T he Model Driven Development (MDD) is an approach that has gained more space in industry and academia, bringing great benefits such as increased productivity. One way of working in teams with MDD is using an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) with a versioning system. However, to collaboratively work with an IDE and a versioning system may have implications and problems for the development as: conflicts of models, documentation discontinued, difficulties for stakeholders to use versioning systems, etc. In this context, this work proposes an approach to use a wiki to develop MDD, so that the developer is able to create models, generate source code, sharing and versioning models and also to collaboratively document, in a more simple and easy way than the traditional approaches. This enables non developers can participate more in the development process and also allows increasing productivity. To try to show that a wiki can be used to develop software, we created a Domain Specific Language (DSL) in a wiki and were performed three case studies: one with high school students and represent the non developers, another one with four graduate students with experience in software development in the industry, and the last case study was conducted with 48 participants among developers and graduate students in Computer Science. The case studies showed the feasibility of using a wiki for development, that non developers adapted well to the approach and 86 % of the developers would use a wiki to develop MDD. The study also raised the main barriers to increase the acceptance of the approach. Therefore, this work presents also a relatively new approach in the literature and results on the use of versioning systems, IDEs and collaboratively development.


For a measurable cocycle over a measurable flow with values on a Banach space, we give a complete characterization of its nonuniform hyperbolicity in terms of an evolution semigroup on L p . We consider the general cases of a space L p determined by a Borel measure that need not be invariant and of an evolution semigroup that need not be strongly continuous, which makes it impossible to use generators. A nontrivial application of our work is the robustness of the hyperbolicity, either uniform or nonuniform, for measurable cocycles over a measurable flow: namely, the robustness of the hyperbolicity for the evolution semigroup yields the robustness of the hyperbolicity for the corresponding cocycle.


Solid-self-emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SEDDS) of paclitaxel (Ptx) was developed by the spray drying method with the purpose of improving the low bioavailability (BA) of Ptx. 10% oil (ethyl oleate), 80% surfactant mixture (Tween 80ź:źCarbitol, 90ź:ź10, w/w), and 10% cosolvent (PEG 400) were chosen according to their solubilizing capacity. The mean droplet size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of the prepared S-SEDDS were 16.9 ± 1.53źnm, 12.5 ± 1.66źmV, and 56.2 ± 8.1%, respectively. In the S-SEDDS, Ptx presents in the form of molecular dispersion in the emulsions or is distributed in an amorphous state or crystalline with very small size. The prepared S-SEDDS formulation showed 70 and 75% dissolution in 60 and 30źmin in dissolution medium pH 1.2 and 6.8, respectively. Significant increase (P≤0.05) in the peak concentration (Cmax), the area under the curve (AUC0–∞), and the lymphatic targeting efficiency of Ptx was observed after the oral administration of the Ptx-loaded S-SEDDS to rats (20 mg/kg as Ptx). Our research suggests the prepared Ptx-loaded S-SEDDS can be a good candidate for the enhancement of BA and targeting drug delivery to the lymphatic system of Ptx.


In Montalban Anticline North Zone (Paleozoic basement of the lberian Chain) a
magmatism with calc-alkaline affinity, characterized by numerous Stephanian-Permian
hypovolcanic intrusions, wich intruded in both carboniferous and devonian sediments, is
well represented.
Sorne examples about the intrusions emplacement forms as well as a preliminary
analysis of the country rock structure are shown.


Summary.  Knowing the likely distribution of intervals from hepatitis C infection to first RNA‐negativity is important in deciding about therapeutic intervention. Prospectively collected sera and data from the Transfusion‐transmitted Viruses Study (1974–1980) provide specific dates of infection and pattern of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations. We examined frequency, timing and correlates of spontaneous resolution for 94 acutely infected transfusion recipients followed for a median of 9.5 months. Later, follow‐up sera (>10 years) were available for 27 of the 94 cases from a Veterans Administration (VA) Study (1989–1990). Twenty‐five (27%) of the 94 cases were classified as probably resolved during the episode itself. First RNA negativity occurred at 6–50 weeks (median, 19.5 weeks) after infection, and 5–43 weeks (median, 11 weeks) after ALT elevation. Thirteen of the 25 cases remained RNA‐negative subsequently; 12 others had 1–6 RNA‐positive sera intercalated between first and last RNA‐negative results. RNA negativity, therefore, began variably and was interrupted in 12 cases of 25 (48%) by transient RNA‐positive sera. Five of these 25 patients who were RNA‐negative in the last study specimen had late, Veterans Administration Study follow‐up; none showed viraemia. Of the remaining 69 transfusion transmitted virus study recipients, whose last serum was RNA‐positive, two cleared viraemia after the last study serum but before late follow‐up. Eleven (16%) had 23 intercalated RNA‐negative sera before last positivity. RNA status, therefore, needs monitoring for many months before judging the spontaneous outcome as transient negativity may occur. Resolution was significantly more common in women and symptomatic cases; it was not associated with viral load in the infectious donation, HCV genotype, or the recipient's age.


Mercury (Hg) is one of the most pervasive and bio-accumulative metals in the environment. Yet, effective in situ remediation technologies have been lacking. This study investigated the effectiveness of a class of soil-deliverable FeS nanoparticles for in situ immobilization of Hg in two field-contaminated soils from a New Jersey site and one sediment from an Alabama site. The nanoparticles were prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a stabilizer. Transmission electron microscopy measurements revealed a particle size of 34.3 ± 8.3 nm (standard deviation), whereas dynamic light scattering gave a hydrodynamic diameter of 222.5 ± 3.2 nm. Batch tests showed that at an FeS-to-Hg molar ratio of 28:1–118:1, the nanoparticles reduced water-leachable Hg by 79%–96% and the TCLP (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure) based leachability by 26%–96%. Column breakthrough tests indicated that the nanoparticles were deliverable in the sediment/soil columns under moderate injection pressure. However, once the external pressure was removed, the delivered nanoparticles remained virtually mobile under typical groundwater flow conditions. When the Hg-contaminated soil and sediment were treated with 52–95 pore volumes of a 500 mg l−1 FeS nanoparticle suspension, water-leachable Hg was reduced by 90%–93% and TCLP-leachable Hg was reduced by 65%–91%. The results warrant further field demonstration of this promising in situ remediation technology.


Klaas Meilier, Brigitta. Hochsaison in Sils-Maria: Meta von Salis und Friedrich Nietzsche. Zur Geschichte ihrer Begegnung. Basel: Schwabe, 2005.439 pp. euro36.50 hardcover. Not since Swiss Germanist Doris Stump published Sie toten uns, nicht unsere Ideen in 1986 has a book-length study been devoted to Swiss historian, poet, and journalist Meta von Salis (1855-1929). While Brigitta Klaas Meilier focuses the greater part of her study on the friendship between von Salis and Friedrich Nietzsche, her meticulously researched historical biography contributes in general to a better understanding of aristocratic women's history in Switzerland, offering a more conciliatory tone vis-a-vis feminist aristocrats than scholars have in the past. In addition, Klaas Meilier's work provides a history of how 19th-century friendship networks functioned beyond national and familial boundaries. The author demonstrates an impressive ability to keep dates, times, places, and stories clear while constructing a rather non-linear historical narrative around a complicated and ever-mobile circle of friends. Divided into twelve chapters, the book slowly unfolds with two chapters on the von Salis family, one of the oldest and most powerful in the Swiss canton of Graubtinden. In chapter three, the author introduces Malwida von Meysenbug, whose three-volume Memoiren einer Idealistin (1876) inspired numerous kindred spirits to travel to Rome to meet her, including von Salis and Nietzsche. Through her, they learn about each other (around 1879) and eventually meet in 1884. From chapter three on, Klaas Meilier weaves a complicated biographical narrative that connects von Salis and Nietzsche to friends such as Richard Wagner, Lou von Salome, Paul Ree, Emma von Wohrmann, Theophanie Schucking, Resa von Schirnhofer, Franz Overbeck, and Heinrich Koselitz. We learn of von Salis's central role in Swiss women's efforts to gain financial freedom via employment and education. She graduated from Zurich University as the first woman PhD in the field of history in 1887 and wrote a novel, two volumes of poetry, and many articles. In the main chapters of the book (six through eleven), Klaas Meilier explains and reiterates various events in von Salis's and Nietzsche's lives that define their friendship. By the time they spend the summer of 1887 in Sils-Maria (together with von Salis's companion Hedwig Kym), von Salis and Nietzsche have both experienced personal and professional successes and failures. Klaas Meilier convincingly argues that what they experience is akin to a marriage of the minds. Von Salis overcomes restrictive aristocratic decorum and Nietzsche transcends his reputed extreme civility: "Nach all dem zuvor Gesagten muss kaum noch hervorgehoben werden, wie unkonventionell es gewesen sein muss, zwei Damen zu sehen, die einen Herrn uber den See ruderten-und nicht umgekehrt" (217). …


This paper deals with the problem of calculating the polarization and spatial characteristics of laser radiation scattered by the eye tissues. Multiple scattering effects simultaneously with the degree of near order for scattering particles were taken into account.