In Indonesia, there is still no national legal entity regarding the inheritance law that can be applied to all Indonesian citizens. Therefore, the inheritance law that is applied to all Indonesian citizens is still different due to the classifications of the citizens. This study basically describes the inheritance rights of Foreign Citizens (foreigners) over fixed objects (treasure) especially the land in Indonesia. In the legal structure in Indonesia until now there has not yet been established national inheritance law provisions that regulate the rights of inheritance from foreign citizenship, while in the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) Law. No. 5 0f 1960, foreign nationals may not obtain ownership rights over land. Marriage law is legal, if it is done according to the law of each religion and belief as explained in article 2 paragraph (1) of law number 1 of 1974 concerning the marriage. Thus differences in citizens do not prevent a person from marrying and obtaining his inheritance rights, this difference in citizenship is a series of existing laws that are subject to customary law, how in terms of inheritance that are fixed objects will they be synchronized with International Civil Law (ICL) in obtaining objects that are usually done by way of buying and selling, grants, or by inheritance. The result of this study are the transfer of the inheritance of Foreign Citizens, especially regarding the land. Foreign citizens must relinquish their rights as heirs to the land, and within one year have to relinquish their rights. The rare several obstacles in the application of this law because there is no national inheritance law that regulates such cases because in religious and customary laws, there are no rules that limit the inheritance rights of foreign countries in Indonesia.


Objective:To construct XcmⅠ-based TA cloning vectors and test their effectiveness in cloning of PCR products. Methods:Two complementary oligonucleotides were synthesized. After denaturation,the two oligonucleotides were annealed and cloned into the multiple cloning sites(MCS) of plasmid pUC19. In this way,two XcmⅠ sites were introduced into the pUC19 MCS. This plasmid was digested with XcmⅠ to derive a T-vector with a 3' overhang T base. To increase the efficacy of the above vector,the sequence between the two XcmⅠ sites was adjusted to exclude the possibility of white colonies generated by self-ligation of the vector and thus greatly reduce the percentage of the false positive white clones. Furthermore,to enhance the separation of the fully digested T-vector DNA molecules from the partially digested or un-digested vector molecules,a DNA fragment was inserted into the plasmid between the two XcmⅠ sites. Results:The T-vectors constructed were efficient in cloning PCR products,with an improved T-vector achieving a cloning efficiency of 95%. Conclusion:The XcmⅠ-based TA cloning vectors were constructed,and the improved versions of the T-vector demonstrated very high cloning efficiency.


Over the past decade, remote sensing has been used increasingly in the study of active volcanoes and their associated hazards. Ground‐based remote sensing techniques, such as those aimed at the analysis of volcanic gases or fumarole temperatures, are now part of routine monitoring operations with additional satellite‐based remote sensing methods. It is likely that the use of satellite‐based systems will be most beneficial for volcano monitoring in developing country regions and remote areas. In such situations, an operational real‐time satellite remote sensing system could provide rapid assessment of volcanic activity levels and potentially be used to derive crucial information for disaster prevention. This would allow key at‐risk areas to be rapidly and appropriately targeted. An operational test of such a system has been carried out in the past 3 years in Central America, based on local reception and analysis of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery. Here we analyse the performance and data quality for recent activity of Fuego volcano (Guatemala). We assess the ability of the system to detect, quantify and monitor periods of heightened activity and consider the benefits of such information being available in near‐real time to local geoscientists and for hazard mitigation. We show that the system is able to detect significant changes in volcanic activity (November and December 2004, February and December 2005). There are good comparisons for these events with large‐scale monitoring systems using additional remote sensing data. This paper provides one of the few evaluations of the direct application of operational AVHRR data to volcanic hazard monitoring and disaster management in developing countries.


We study the coupling of fermions to Yang-Mills matrix models in the framework of emergent noncommutative gravity. It is shown that the matrix model action provides an appropriate coupling for fermions to gravity, albeit with a non-standard spin-connection. Integrating out the fermions in a nontrivial geometrical background induces indeed the Einstein-Hilbert action for on-shell geometries plus a dilaton-like term. This result explains UV/IR mixing as a gravity effect. It also illuminates why UV/IR mixing remains even in supersymmetric models, except in the N=4 case.


Railway identification is the key to dividing the dangerous area and safety area of the rail surface. It is also the key technology for the detection of rail surface obstacles. The problem is that the traditional rail detection edge detection effect is not good and the illumination environment is seriously affected. This paper proposes a track recognition detection system based on deep learning. The system can not only identify the rails, but also plan the dangerous areas, apply the convolutional neural network, extract the feature information of the rails in different environments, and use the Mask R-CNN instance segmentation algorithm. The identification of the rails and the division of the dangerous areas are carried out to achieve accurate and rapid detection. The test results show that the system has high anti-interference and accuracy.


Latent inhibition, the retardation of Pavlovian conditioning after pre-exposure to the to-be-conditioned stimulus, has been suggested as a tool for assessing attentional malfunctioning in schizophrenia. The present research investigated whether retarded learning as observed in an instrumental trials-to-criterion task displays two characteristics of latent inhibition: stimulus specificity and increased retardation with increased pre-exposure. Retarded learning was evident after pre-exposure to the to-be-conditioned stimulus and to an experimentally irrelevant stimulus. Increased numbers of pre-exposure trials did not seem to enhance the retardation of learning in pre-exposed participants, but enhanced learning in controls. The present results suggest that retarded learning in the trials-to-criterion task may reflect a process that is different from latent inhibition.


Global virtual teams are faced with the challenge of developing trust in a technology-mediated context to overcome anxiety and uncertainty in their interactions. Research shows that adjustment is a function of an individual's ability to manage his or her anxiety and uncertainty in an unknown context (Gudykunst, 1995). We propose that the type of cross-cultural training (CCT) received can influence cognitive adjustment in global virtual teams. Building on phenomenology and sense-making theory, we argue that training needs to develop global virtual team members' capabilities in dealing with the unknown rather than providing ready-made concepts of cultures. Managerial implications of our theoretical discussion of cognitive adjustment and how CCT influences it are discussed, as are directions for future research. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The following report covers a study of the electrical properties of the Morrison formation in the Uravan mineral belt of the Colorado Plateau province where it is indicated that there is a significant correlation between electrical resistivity and the relative favorability for occurrence of ore. This report presents the measurements of resistivity trends.


Grad-div stabilization has recently been found to be an important tool for finite element method simulations of incompressible flow problems, acting to improve mass conservation in solutions and reducing the effect of the pressure error on the velocity error. Typically, the associated stabilization parameter is chosen globally, but herein we consider local choices. We show that, both for an analytic test problem and for lift and drag calculations of flow around a cylinder, local choices of the grad-div stabilization parameter can provide more accurate solutions.


The paper reviews the applications of ion beam-based techniques such as ion implantation and ion beam milling, for HgCdTe detector fabrication. Fabrication of large-format arrays and two-color arrays necessitate the use of dry processes. Ion irradiation causes type conversion in HgCdTe. The type conversion is far beyond the damage sites because of Hg in-diffusion to interstitial sites. The dry processes combine high anisotropy, faster etch rates, and better dimensional control, than wet etch processes, but require the damaged region to be removed.Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(4), pp.395-400, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.1539


In this work, we derive important properties regarding matrix invariants that occur in the theory of differential equations with reflection.


While key for human-robot interaction, natural language interpretation is a notoriously difficult task, especially because the interaction context is at the same time essential for dialogue understanding, difficult to build for machines, and depends on each speaker point of view. However, robots as embodied artifacts, can perceive their environment and interactors, and hence compute symbolic models from various perspectives. This allows in turn to build symbolic contexts for dialogues. In this paper, we introduce DIALOGS, a component for natural language interpretation that relies on these structured symbolic models of the world to ground verbal interaction.


Since the government transformation in 1994, various efforts have been made in South Africa to institute a developmental local government system to facilitate and enhance growth and development in all sectors of society and to (re)structure and (re)develop the fragmented urban regions in the country. This article argues that the local government system (including the municipal development planning system) in South Africa is not appropriate to effectively facilitate the type of development that is required in this country (and in this globalising space and time). In view of the above, this exploratory inquiry aims to unpack and explore the developmental status and characteristics of local government in South Africa. The article concludes with some challenges, questions and propositions in an attempt to stimulate interest, debate, further research and to determine a possible path towards a 'new developmental local state'.


Dear Editor, The global coronavirus pandemic contributed to a silent myopic pandemic and digital eye strain among children.[1] Myopia is the most common refractive error worldwide, and the rise in its number of cases during the lockdown has also added to the global prevalence of myopia.[2] Aside from conventional methods, the use of low‐dose atropine in controlling myopia progression has been well documented. We read the interesting article by Li et al.[3] on the effects of low‐concentration atropine eye drops on the optical quality of the eyes in myopic children, and we must congratulate the authors on this innovative article. However, we have a few critical observations and suggestions to make that we believe will benefit all of our fellow ophthalmologists.


Fierce competition in industrial markets is pushing companies to seek sources of cost reduction and control rise. Stable cross-sectoral links within value chains contribute to the emergence of the possibility of integrating business structures. To make a competent decision to merge, a consistent analysis of the situation in the industry market, in the technological chain and at a particular enterprise is required. For this purpose, in this article, general methodological approaches and assessment indicators are collected in an algorithm, recommendations are given for determining the feasibility of vertical integration.


Sub-terahertz (sub-THz, 100–300 GHz) communications promise to bring extraordinary rates in future 6G systems. High path loss and blockage effects will limit the coverage of base stations (BS) to a few hundred meters making deployment of such systems along the roads expensive. As a way to decrease the BS density, relaying has been proposed. However, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) propagation is characterized by different sets of communications paths depending on the antenna locations raising the question of their optimal positions. In this paper, by utilizing IEEE 802.15.3d parameters and 300 GHz propagation measurements, we develop a mathematical framework for comparison of multi-hop relaying systems with different antenna locations. We utilize coverage, BS availability, and the data rate over a multi-hop path as metrics of interest. Our results show that the windshield location is characterized by lower data rates and larger coverage while bumper and engine levels are similar in terms of these metrics. For the windshield location, the coverage is extended by 50% with BS availability 0.95. The windshield location is recommended as it is less sensitive to the technology penetration rate and is characterized by larger coverage. The proposed approach shows gains of up to 32% in terms of required BS density for the range of vehicles density (10-40 units/km).


This article introduces the notion of clouds in asynchronous cellular automata (ACAs). We show that the cloud behaviour of ACAs has similarity with natural clouds across the sky, election model of parliamentary democratic system, and electron cloud around nucleus. These systems, therefore, can be modelled by the ACAs.


BACKGROUND
The volume of a bulky venous air emboli (VAE) can be estimated based on the calibration curve generated by injections of minute amount of air into the right atrium (RA) of dogs. We speculated that in patients similar VAE calibration curves could be generated using CO2 injections. As part of pre-clinical evaluation of the usefulness of CO2 injection, the present study was designed to determine whether injection of CO2 into the RA would cause less hemodynamic changes in dogs as compared with that of air or O2.

METHODS
Twenty-one anesthetized mongrel dogs were divided into 3 groups, i.e., groups air, CO2 and O2 (n = 7 each). Animals were injected a bolus of gas (air, CO2 or O2) in increasing volumes (from 0.25 to 4.0 mL/kg) into the RA via a central venous catheter at 10-min intervals. We measured the maximal changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), central venous pressure (CVP), end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2), heart rate (HR), and mixed venous O2 saturation (SvO2).

RESULTS
After venous injections, dogs receiving O2 or air showed greater decreases in MAP and ETCO2 as compared with those receiving CO2 (volume > 2.5 mL/kg; P < 0.05). The increases in PAP and CVP bore direct relation to O2 and air volume. In the CO2 group, the maximal changes in PAP and CVP were subtle as compared with the baseline (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in HR and SvO2 among three groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Injections of CO2 in increasing volumes into the RA of dogs caused less hemodynamic changes in comparison with that of air and O2.


The purpose of this investigation case is to describe how the poor hotel infrastructure affects the tourism development generated by the disinterest of the authorities in the quality of hotel services, as well as the low budget and ignorance of the consumer profile, it is possible to emphasize the objective of this case study is to describe how hotel infrastructure contribute to the tourism development of the Canton Duran.
For which the exploratory, bibliographic and descriptive research methods were used, where deeper and clearer information on the problem could be obtained through the execution of surveys and observation sheet. As a result, the implementation of a feedback system in the hotel establishments of the city is proposed to obtain customer satisfaction and make the necessary changes for their prompt return


ABSTRACT This research is meant to find out the influence of product, service, place, word of mouth to the customer loyalty at KFC. The research population is all customers who have ever purchased product at KFC. The sample collection technique has been conducted by using purposive sampling with the number of samples are 100 respondents. The data analysis technique has been carried out by using path analysis.The result of this research shows that product give significant and direct influence to the customer loyalty, and product has significant and indirect influence to the customer loyalty through customer satisfaction, so that these variables has been stated as the temporary intervening variable. Then, service has significant and indirect influence to the customer loyalty, and service has significant and indirect influence to the customer loyalty through customer satisfaction, so that these variablesare stated as the intervening variable. Place give direct and insignificant influence to the customer loyalty, and place give indirect and significant influence to the customer loyalty through customer satisfaction, then these variables are stated as the intervening variable. Word of mouth give direct and siginificant influence to the customer loyalty and word of mouth give indirect and significant influence to the customer loyalty through customer satisfaction therefore these variables are stated as the temporary intervening variable Keywords: Product, service, place, wom, customer loyalty, customer satisfaction.


The theoretical problem in reducing PbO_2 is discussed and the process fortreating PbO_2 and Pb contained in lead baffery scrap with FeSO_4+H_2SO_4 as reducing-transforming agent is researced.The theoretical analysis and the experimental resultsshow that the theoretical force fdr reducing-transforming PbO_2 and Pb into PbSO_4 withthe reducing-transforming agent is great.Besides,the process presnts stability and fastreaction,high rate of recovery of lead from waste baffery sludge.


During the last decades planning systems in Europe have been changing towards more openness and extended possibilities for market players to take responsibilites in planning – market oriented planning. This paper discusses private actors' rights to initiate statutory plans for property development. This is done in the light of the planning and building legislations in Norway and Sweden. Although the two countries have a lot in common, and have influenced each other in many ways, the right to initiate development plans has been treated differently. In Norway this right has been an integral part of the planning and building legislations since 1924, and the right as such has never been disputed. In Sweden the right for market players to initiate development plans is a recent invention, 2011, and is substantially more restricted compared to the Norwegian legislation. In planning theories external players' rights to initiate and prepare plans for development projects is regarded a key-indicator of market intrusion in spatial planning. However, to what degree the planning systems in Norway and Sweden open up for market forces in practice can be discussed – the outset of the formal planning and permit system is one thing; the way matters work in practice may be very different (Cullingworth and Nadin 2006). In both systems, municipal governments are still in a strong position for formulating visions, setting agendas for overall development and projects, and allocate resources for the implementation of plans.


In this paper, a high accuracy stereo reconstruction method for surgery instruments positioning is proposed. Usually, the problem of surgical instruments reconstruction is considered as a basic task in computer vision to estimate the 3-D position of each marker on a surgery instrument from three pairs of image points. However, the existing methods considered the 3-D reconstruction of the points separately thus ignore the structure information. Meanwhile, the errors from light variation, imaging noise and quantization still affect the reconstruction accuracy. This paper proposes a method which takes the structure information of surgical instruments as constraints, and reconstructs the whole markers on one surgical instrument together. Firstly, we calibrate the instruments before navigation to get the structure parameters. The structure parameters consist of markers' number, distances between each markers and a linearity sign of each instrument. Then, the structure constraints are added to stereo reconstruction. Finally, weighted filter is used to reduce the jitter. Experiments conducted on surgery navigation system showed that our method not only improve accuracy effectively but also reduce the jitter of surgical instrument greatly.


Abstract This paper investigates the construction of BiOCl with different dominant exposed facets and Ag/BiOCl. And their application as photo-catalysts was also evaluated by photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, and N2–adsorption–desorption. This excellent photocatalytic activity was attributed to the exposure of (001) facet, which facilitated the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. It reveals that the Ag depositing on BiOCl could result into enhanced photocatalytic activities compared with that of the pure BiOCl. The photocatalytic mechanisms were analyzed by active species trapping experiments, indicating that the h+ plays a major role on photocatalytic degradation reaction of RhB with Bi-H2 and Ag/BiOCl.


This paper compares the proposed technique with various MATLAB-built-in deconvolution-functions with regard to deconvolution errors, which have a crucial impact in reversing the effects of convolution with Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) on overall SRAM margin variations. The proposed technique successfully circumvents the issue of ringing error thanks to eliminating the need for any operations of differential, division, and maximum-likelihood gradient sequence. This advantage over the MATLAB-built-in deconvolution-functions has been demonstrated for the first time with applying it to a real analysis for the effects of the RTN on the overall SRAM margin variations. It has been shown that the proposed technique can reduce its cdf errors of the convolution of the deconvoluted-RTN with the Random Dopant Fluctuation (RDF) (i.e. fail-bit-count error) by 101-1016 fold compared with the MATLAB-built-in deconvolution-functions.


Several benzothiophene-based compounds, including 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid, exhibit a wide variety of pharmacological activities. They have been extensively used to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic effectiveness. In this contribution, the crystal structure of a new polymorph of 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (BTCA) was determined from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data with DASH, refined by the Rietveld method with TOPAS-Academic, and optimized using DFT-D calculations. The new form of 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid crystallizes in space group C2/c (No. 15) with a = 14.635(4), b = 5.8543(9), c = 19.347(3) Å, β = 103.95(1)°, V = 1608.8(6) Å3, and Z = 8. The structure is a complex 3D arrangement which can be described in terms of hydrogen-bonded dimers of BTCA molecules, joined by the acid–acid homosynthon, which interact through C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds to produce tapes further connected through head-to-tail π⋯π and edge-to-face C–H⋯π interactions. A comparison with a previously reported triclinic polymorph and with the related 1-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid (BFCA) is also presented.


Significance Our ability to predict and manage metapopulations depends on our understanding of their underlying population dynamics. Differences in local dynamics and environmental stochasticity can result in independent population fluctuations but have vastly different implications for population management and predicting how populations will respond to environmental change. Quantifying heterogeneity in local dynamics is particularly challenging because many factors can contribute to differences in local dynamics. Using blue crabs as a case study, we present an approach which can differentiate dissimilar local dynamics from similar local dynamics driven by disparate environmental conditions. This methodology can help us differentiate among mechanisms that decorrelate population trajectories and provide insight into the spatial structure of population dynamics. Populations of many marine species are only weakly synchronous, despite coupling through larval dispersal and exposure to synchronous environmental drivers. Although this is often attributed to observation noise, factors including local environmental differences, spatially variable dynamics, and chaos might also reduce or eliminate metapopulation synchrony. To differentiate spatially variable dynamics from similar dynamics driven by spatially variable environments, we applied hierarchical delay embedding. A unique output of this approach, the "dynamic correlation," quantifies similarity in intrinsic dynamics of populations, independently of whether their abundance is correlated through time. We applied these methods to 17 populations of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) along the US Atlantic coast and found that their intrinsic dynamics were broadly similar despite largely independent fluctuations in abundance. The weight of evidence suggests that the latitudinal gradient in temperature, filtered through a unimodal response curve, is sufficient to decouple crab populations. As unimodal thermal performance is ubiquitous in ectotherms, we suggest that this may be a general explanation for the weak synchrony observed at large distances in many marine species, although additional studies are needed to test this hypothesis.


Scalar conservation laws hyperbolic systems of conservation laws an outline of Godunov-type schemes the Godunov method for scalar laws in one dimension the Godunov method for systems of conservation laws higher-order schemes multidimensional schemes large-time-step algorithms concluding remarks. Appendices: notions in mathematics Riemann solvers sample codes.


There has been an exponential growth and availability of data, both structured and unstructured. Massive amounts of data are available to be harvested for competitive business advantage, sound government policies, and new insights in a broad array of applications (including healthcare, biomedicine, energy, smart cities, genomics, transportation, etc.). Yet, most of this data is inaccessible for users, as we need technology and tools to find, transform, analyze, and visualize data in order to make it consumable for decision-making. Meaningful data integration in a schema-less, and complex Big Data world of databases is a big open challenge. This survey paper presents a holistic view of literature in data integration and Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) techniques. Limitations and gaps in existing approaches are identified and open research challenges are discussed.


The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between role conflict, role
ambiguity, job promotion, working conditions and workloads to job stress. The survey method was used to collect the primary data through the use of a questionnaire to the community college academic staff in Pahang. 103 of
questionnaire were distributed and all 103 questionnaires were successfully collected. The descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. The results of this study showed that role conflict, role ambiguity, job promotion, working conditions and workloads are all positive correlated to job stress. Role conflict, workloads and job promotion are moderately correlated with job stress. While role ambiguity and working conditions factors is low correlation to job stress. This results of this study provides information about job stress among college community academic staff in
Pahang to policy maker for improvement the community college management


Configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations in the grand-canonical ensemble are employed to compute adsorption isotherms of methane, ethane, propane, butane and binary mixtures of methane–ethane, methane–propane, ethane–propane, and methane–butane in the zeolite silicalite. Comparison of the simulation results with the limited expetiniental data available shows good agreement. For ethane at room temperature, a small inflection point in the isotherm was observed due to a surprising ordering of the ethane molecules in the zeolite. For the simulation of a methane–ethane mixture, at low pressure ethane is preferentially adsorbed, while at high pressures methane replaces ethane due to entropic effects.


Within this paper, a brand new single-phase cascaded multilevel inverter is suggested. This inverter is composed of a set connection from the suggested fundamental unit and has the capacity to only generate positive levels in the output. Therefore, an Hbridge is put into the suggested inverter. Decrease in the amount of power switches, driver circuits, and electricity current sources are the benefit of the developed single-phase cascaded multilevel inverter. Consequently, cellular phone space and price from the inverter are reduced. These functions are acquired through the comparison from the conventional cascaded multilevel inverters using the suggested cascaded topology.


Abstract:This essay focuses on Daniel O'Quinn's argument that Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's letter book can be read as a "counter-epic." Comparing O'Quinn's approach to other influential accounts of the role of epic in eighteenth-century literature, it explores how translations of and allusions to Virgil's Aeneid shape the ways in which intercultural contact can be represented and understood.


The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of data configuration method,Device,System and docking station,Electronic equipment,Docking station itself is able to detect that whether connected external equipment being capable of normal work,When external equipment is in abnormal operating state,I.e. cisco unity malfunction when,Illustrate that docking station and the voltage and EQ values of external equipment are mismatched,Due to currently having prestored multigroup voltage and EQ values,Can be from multigroup voltage and EQ values,Determine one group of target voltage and target EQ values,During the target voltage and target EQ values stored into the DP HUB into docking station,Now docking station can carry out matching and is connected by this group of target voltage and target EQ values with external equipment,If external equipment normal work still can not be caused,Then,Can continue to change,Untill external equipment normal work is enabled to,The embodiment of the present application realizes the purpose for a docking station is adapted to multiple different external equipments,So as to improve the compatibility of docking station.


Summary.

1.—A comparative study is presented of some of the physical, administrative and educational conditions prevailing in residential schools for the maladjusted and ordinary boarding schools.
2.—General features, such as size, staffing, the children's age and length of stay are compared and contrasted. The incidence of educational retardation among maladjusted children was found to be much more extensive and the degree of it more serious.
3.—While the incidence of problem behaviour was, of course, much greater in schools for the maladjusted, all the symptoms listed were also found among the pupils in ordinary boarding schools.
4.—All schools for the maladjusted considered child-adult relationships to be of great importance, as well as the maintenance of close liason with the children's homes. More liberal staffing conditions seem essential if these two conditions are to be met satisfactorily.


This brief commentary draws on Stuart Elden's thought provoking article, 'Terrain, Politics, History', to make two interventions. The first argues that understandings of terrain and Earth's materiality would be enriched by engaging with 'pluriversal' perspectives where Earth is inherently animated, lively, and heterogenous. This includes indigenous perspectives and those attending to non-human animal life. The second calls for a more concerted engagement within geography with terrains as voluminous constructs, whether that be in mountains, the air, or increasingly in artificial environments. It concludes by advocating for a further stretching of 'terrain' as presented in the paper to see where diverse understandings of terrain might land or indeed, climb, float, sink, or soar.


Submitted for publication December 7, 2015 Accepted for publication December 16, 2015 From the MedStar Health Research and Diabetes Institutes, Washington, DC. Address correspondence to Michelle F. Magee, MedStar Health Research and Diabetes Institutes MDI, 100 Irving Street NW, EB4114, Washington, DC 20010. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com DOI:10.4158/EP151162.CO To purchase reprints of this article, please visit: www.aace.com/reprints. Copyright © 2016 AACE. Abbreviations: A1C = glycated hemoglobin A1C; GLP-1 = glucagonlike peptide-1.


Bottled water, from enchantment to grave.  The water bottle is one of those objects that have become an essential part of our daily lives. Our focus was on the combination of the two materials : the resource and its plastic envelope. Both have a body, cognitive and emotional language that we present. Water is first and foremost the subjetc of messages and images that individuals appropriate in an intimate and collective way. It is a matter of reverie and incorporation. The plastic bottle makes it possible to contain, in a practical form, a word of meanings widely used by brands. However, despite the use of a technology that claims to be environmentaly friendly, plastic is a problem: it spreads out before our eyes to give way to new imagination, that of welding and pollution and pollution, which invite us to think about the programmed end of plastic.


Dear OJ-CAS Readers, Happy 2021 and welcome to the second volume of the IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems (OJ-CAS).


We study the problem of distilling knowledge from a large deep teacher network to a much smaller student network for the task of road marking segmentation. In this work, we explore a novel knowledge distillation (KD) approach that can transfer 'knowledge' on scene structure more effectively from a teacher to a student model. Our method is known as Inter-Region Affinity KD (IntRA-KD). It decomposes a given road scene image into different regions and represents each region as a node in a graph. An inter-region affinity graph is then formed by establishing pairwise relationships between nodes based on their similarity in feature distribution. To learn structural knowledge from the teacher network, the student is required to match the graph generated by the teacher. The proposed method shows promising results on three large-scale road marking segmentation benchmarks, i.e., ApolloScape, CULane and LLAMAS, by taking various lightweight models as students and ResNet-101 as the teacher. IntRA-KD consistently brings higher performance gains on all lightweight models, compared to previous distillation methods. Our code is available at https://github.com/ cardwing/Codes-for-IntRA-KD.


The microwave spectrum of phenol(H2O) has been recorded using a pulsed molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. Twenty a‐type transitions have been observed and assigned. All a‐type transitions are doublets with splittings varying from 1.13 to 4.01 MHz. These splittings are interpreted to result from the internal rotation of the water molecule. The ground state of this torsional motion is split into two levels with different spin statistical weights. Both torsional levels are treated independently as asymmetric rotor states. The resulting rotational constants are A=4291.486 MHz, B=1092.1484 MHz, and C=873.7263 MHz for the lower torsional level (σ=0) and A=4281.748 MHz, B=1092.329 55 MHz, and C=873.906 81 MHz for the upper level (σ=1). A fit of the molecular structure is performed by optimizing the intermolecular OO distance and two angles, describing the H‐bonding arrangement. The resulting trans‐linear structure is in reasonable agreement with the ab initio calculations


Valve seat is one of the important parts of internal combustion engine,and its working environment is bad,it is often out of work because of the excessive wear,valve seat materials and wear mechanism had been a hot research for a long time.Present status of valve seat wear mechanism and materials were introduced,and tendency of the research is presented.


This paper analyzes the history of human rights institutions, discourses, and daily life with respect to the period preceding the Civil Rights Movement in Korea, which began in the mid-1970's. At that time, an authoritarian regime politicized human rights, 'anti-communism,' and 'homeland' modernization in order to obtain legitimacy; furthermore, a formal human rights program was started. However, people did not have a clear understanding of human rights as a concept. At first it was formulated as a system and actively used as a form of police violence and a survival strategy for the regime; The concept of human rights became internalized; this time was not the 'Era of Darkness', but rather a time when the literal meaning of human rights was systematized and accepted by society. In other words, this time was the beginning of the civil rights movement. After the importance of human rights was recognized in principle, regardless of what the government originally intended, it was understood as an important realization of the values we hold paramount in life.


There are presently 161 reported cases of vCJD in the UK, with three cases associated with the receipt of blood components. However, there is currently no routine large‐scale screening test for vCJD in humans. The NHSBT considers that it is essential to be in a position to validate emerging tests for vCJD as quickly as possible, to ensure that suitable tests can be implemented in a timely manner, if required by the DoH. NHSBT is proactively preparing a panel of samples that will be used in assessing tests, to determine if they are operationally fit for purpose. This work is being undertaken in a specifically designed Test Assessment Facility (TAF) at Manchester Blood Centre, which went live in November 2005. To manage the panel, the Thermo Nautilus Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) has been installed. Nautilus is a highly configurable LIMS, capable of handling large amounts of data. Irreversible anonymisation, integration with robotic equipment, and the ability to interrogate other data systems and retrieve information, are key features. Whole blood donations are received into the TAF and are logged into the LIMS, which retrieves basic donor demographic information, then irreversibly anonymises it. Red cell, buffy coat and plasma components are then prepared, and robot sample handlers sub‐aliquot them. The LIMS then references a data output file, and processes the sub‐aliquot information, creating a detailed inventory. Wireless technology is used for plate storage. The LIMS underwent extensive validation, including the use of designated test scripts to challenge and validate all aspects of the system, plus verification of compliance with GMP and GAMP regulations. The panel builds at a rate of around 125 donations per week, equating to 18,000 individual sub‐aliquots, all managed by the LIMS. The panel will take 2 years to complete, when it will consist of samples from 10,000 donations(5000 from UK donors and 5000 from US donors), producing a panel size of 1,440,000 sub‐aliquots. The use of Nautilus LIMS in the TAF has proved invaluable to the project, and has contributed to its successful implementation. Furthermore, it will continue to manage the panel, and all associated activities.


1. Policy and inequality in primary education 2. Understanding learner identities in the early years classroom 3. Assessing learners in the first year of school 4. Assessing a 'difficult intake': race, religion, class and gender in Reception 5. 'Good' and 'bad' learners in the classroom 6. Playing with numbers: learner identities and assessment 7. Policy, equality and 'learning'


Guinuo 558 was a hybrid waxy corn with high quality that could be both fit for fresh-eat and deep processing,selected by College of Agriculture,Guizhou University.The average fresh peel-free yield was 13 483.5 kg/hm2,16.0% higher than Zhunuo 2(CK) in the fresh corn hybrid group of the regional test in 2005-2006,the yield of Guinuo 558 increased in 11 sites of all 12 test sites and the yield was the highest in five sites of all 12 test sites,the increased sites accounted for 91.7% of the total number of pilot sites.The gross starch content of Guinuo 558 was 68.95%,the amylopectin content was 99.39% in total starch,while the gross protein was 11.71%,lysine was 0.33%,and tryptophan was 0.13%,respectively.Its total scores of appearance and cooking quality was 77.5(reaching secondary standard) on-the-spot evaluating.The variety has characteristics such as easy to come out and stuggy growth of seedling,high integrated resistance,high yield and quality,stability,wide adaptability,perfect external quality and commercial value.It was appropriate to be planted in middle and high fertility soils in Guizhou and surrounding provinces and cities,or even all over the southeast coast.


This study focuses on two-dimensional fluid flows in a straight duct with free-slip boundary conditions applied on the channel walls y=0 and y=2πN with N>1. In this extended wall-bounded fluid motion problem, secondary fluid flow patterns resulting from steady-state and Hopf bifurcations are examined and shown to be dependent on the choice of longitudinal wave numbers. Some secondary steady-state flows appear at specific wave numbers, whereas at other wave numbers, both secondary steady-state and self-oscillation flows coexist. These results, derived through analytical arguments and truncation series approximation, are confirmed by simple numerical experiments supporting the findings observed from laboratory experiments.


When consumers trade financial products, they typically use well-identified service providers that operate under government regulation. In theory, decentralized platforms like Ethereum can offer trading services 'on-chain' without an obvious entry point for regulators. Fortunately for regulators, most trading volume in blockchain-based assets is still on centralized service providers for performance reasons. However this leaves the following research questions we address in this paper: (i) is secure trading (i.e., resistant to front-running and price manipulation) even feasible as a fully 'on-chain' service on a public blockchain, (ii) what is its performance benchmark, and (iii) what is the performance impact of novel techniques (e.g., 'rollups') in closing the performance gap? To answer these questions, we 'learn by doing' and custom design an Ethereum-based call market (or batch auction) exchange, Lissy, with favorable security properties. We conduct a variety of optimizations and experiments to demonstrate that this technology cannot expect to exceed a few hundred trade executions per block (i.e., 13s window of time). However this can be scaled dramatically with off-chain execution that is not consumer-facing. We also illustrate, with numerous examples throughout the paper, how blockchain deployment is full of nuances that make it quite different from developing in better understood domains (e.g., cloud-based web applications).


Even for existing coal based plants, the opportunity for sensors and controls to improve efficiency is great. A wide range of gas species are of interest for relevant applications. Functional sensor layers for embedded sensing must be compatible with extreme conditions (temperature, pressure, corrosive). Au incorporated metal oxides have been looked at by a number of other authors previously for gas sensing, but have often focused on temperatures below 500{degree}C. Au nanoparticle incorporated metal oxide thin films have shown enhanced gas sensing response. In prior work, we have demonstrated that material systems such as Au nanoparticle incorporated TiO{sub 2} films exhibit a potentially useful optical response to changing gas atmospheres at temperatures up to ~800-850{degree}C. Current work is focused on sputter-deposited Au/TiO{sub 2} films. Au and Ti are multi-layered sputter deposited, followed by a 950{degree}C oxidation step. Increasing Au layer thickness yields larger particles. Interband electronic transitions significantly modify the optical constants of Au as compared to the damped free electron theory. A high temperature oxidation (20%O{sub 2}/N{sub 2}) treatment was performed at 700{degree}C followed by a reduction (4%H{sub 2}/N{sub 2}) treatment to illustrate the shift in both absorption and scattering with exposure to reducing gases. Shift of localized surfacemore » plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption peak in changing gas atmospheres is well documented, but shift in the peak associated with diffuse scattering is a new observation. Increasing Au layer-thickness results in an increase in LSPR absorption and a shift to longer wavelengths. Diffuse scattering associated with the LSPR resonance of Au shows a similar trend with increasing Au thickness. To model the temperature dependence of LSPR, the modification to the plasmon frequency, the damping frequency, and the dielectric constant of the oxide matrix must be accounted for. Thermal expansion of Au causes a decrease in free-carrier concentration and plasmon frequency with increasing temperature. Increased scattering of electrons with increasing temperatures results in an increased damping frequency for free carriers. The thermo-optic coefficient of TiO{sub 2} is assumed to be constant or decreasing with increasing temperature. A Custom Designed System Can Be Used to Monitor Optical Transmission and Reflection of Films at Elevated Temperatures and Upon Exposure to Changing Ambient Gas Atmospheres. The calculated extinction peak broadens and reduces peak height with increasing temperature. Extinction spectra measured using the elevated temperature system deviate from measurements performed with an integrating sphere. Modifications to measured transmittance and reflectance spectra are observed with increasing temperatures. Optical constants of Au nanoparticles were measured for elevated temperature. The thermo-optic coefficient of TiO{sub 2} strongly affects the shift in LSPR absorption peak. Peak broadening is dictated by the increased damping frequency of Au. In all cases of the theoretical modeling, we are assuming a particle of Au embedded in a TiO{sub 2} matrix without any interparticle interaction. Localized surface plasmon resonance in noble metal nanoparticles is associated with the free electrons. Surface charges create an internal field that acts as a restoring force on displaced charge carriers resulting in an oscillation with an associated resonance. An estimate of the sensitivity as a function of wavelength for sensing done using a single wavelength transmission measurement can be derived by focusing on the partial derivative of Q{sub abs} with respect to the material parameter that we assume is changing during the experiment. We focus on the free carrier density. However, other material parameters may also change in some cases. Peak sensitivity for transmission or absorption based sensing occurs on either side of the LSPR absorption peak maximum. Theoretically predicted wavelength dependence is consistent with the literature. The wavelength of LSPR absorption peak sensitivity shifts with increasing temperature due to broadening and peak shifting. The maximum sensitivity decreases with increasing temperature. The sensitivity should also depend on the mechanism responsible for the solid-gas interaction.« less


The experience in Eccles was that schools played no significant part in the spread of infection. Two-thirds of the total cases and one-half of the cases among schoolchildren occurred during the time the schools were closed for the summer holidays. No infection could be traced to school contact. Notification should include abortive or non-paralytic cases. It has already been noted that these cases are many times more prevalent than the frank paralytic cases, are known to be infectious, are rarely recognized as such, and play a major part in the spread of infection-certainly a much more important part than the frank paralytic case in hospital. It would be an advantage if the present regulation requiring the separate notification of polio-encephalitis and poliomyelitis was superseded by one reverting to the more accurate and comprehensive term of polio-encephalomyelitis, with perhaps a further subdivision into paralytic and non-paralytic or abortive cases. This would encourage more frequent and earlier notification and greatly assist the medical officer of health or those responsible for control and prevention. As over two-thirds of the cases in England and Wales occurred in persons over the age of 5 the term " infantile paralysis'" must now be regarded as a misnomer. The isolation period usually recommended is three weeks (Memo. to Ministry of Health, 1947). In view, of the findings of Horstmann et al. (1944, 1946) that 50% of patients are still excreting the virus in the stools between the third and. the fourth week, this period is theoretically too short. The collected findings of Brown et al. (1948) that 20% of family contacts excrete the virus would indicate that isolation measures should, ideally, include the whole family. Viewing in retrospect the wide distribution of cases (Map 4) and the high attack rate (Table I) one cannot help feeling critical of the efficacy of the accepted preventive measures. It must be realized, however, that although these measures are not likely to stop an epidemic they will certainly slow down its spread. Since epidemics nearly always abate with the onset of cold weather; this " slowing downs" may be expected to result in a large number of susceptible persons remaining untouched who would otherwise become permanent cripples.


An effective strategy for circumventing problems of interference by electroactive species during the detection of hexacyano- ferrate at the carbon paste electrode (CPE) is described. The concept relies on the incorporation of octadecylamine within the carbon paste. The electrochemical characterization of the modified electrode (potential range, background current, stability, permslectivity) has been investigated by amperometry and linear scan and cyclic voltammetry in aqueous media with different ionic strengths and in hydroalcoholic media. The interference of analytes such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and dopamine can be eliminated totally by appropriate adjustment of the amount of octadecylamine within the carbon paste matrix


Photooxidation of alkenes by molecular oxygen and visible light in the presence of tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP), tetramesitylporphyrin (H2TMP), tetrakis pentafluorophenylporphyrin (H2TPFPP) and tetrakis(2,3-dimetoxyphenyl)porphyrin T(2,3-OMeP)P and metalloporphyrins such as ClFeTPP, ClMnTMP, ClMnTPP, ClMnTPFPP, ClCoTPP and ZnTPP has been performed. Photooxidation of alkenes with tetraphenylchlorin (H2TPC) as the sensitizer with visible light has also been studied. The conversion rates for alkene oxidation were in the order of free-base porphyrins > chlorin > metalloporphyrins. In the presence of NaN3/Na2SO3 the yield of oxidation products and conversion percentage is considerably reduced, confirming involvement of 1O2 in the mechanism.


: During the past 15 years, the biological and scientific knowledge of the pleiotropic properties of vitamin D and its metabolites has expanded beyond the well-understood effects of vitamin D in calcium home-ostasis and skeletal health. Many, recently published peer-reviewed articles clinical and epidemiological studies support multiple extra-skeletal beneficial effects of having adequate serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. However, this knowledge has not translated into clinical practice. Consequently, thousands of people are developing (and existing disease are getting worse) vitamin D deficiency release and complications, otherwise could have been prevented.


protection against rival protection organizations. Second, private pro? tection thrives where shops are inspected frequently by many agen? cies, indicating that disorganized regulation increases informal activity and promotes private protection. In addition, businesses that renovate their shops are more likely to have contact with a private protection organization, indicating that PPOs prey on shops that reveal that their wealth. Thus, demand from busi? nesses and the incentives facing PPOs determine the scope of PPO activity. Third, on balance, managers viewed PPOs as doing more harm than good for their business.


These new editions for Australian and Global Politics and Sociology will address the new VCE Study Designs to be implemented from 2018.


The following concerns a small table and an explanatory text which somehow got connected (but without good reason) with some manuscripts of the Handy tables. I found this text first in Ambrosianus H 57 Sup (fol. 102b/103a) . In the meantime D. Pingree established that the Ambrosianus is derived from Laurentianus Plut. 28,7 (where our text and table are found on fol. 59b) , and that Halma gives the same text on the basis of Paris. gr. 2493 (fol. 53b) in vol. iii, p. 144 of his Tables manuelles (1825), while the table (from fol. 49a) is found in vol. ii, pp. 92/93 (1823) (not on p. 76, to which vol. iii refers). Halma obviously did not grasp the purpose of the table, substituting a senseless heading "degrees/ minutes" for what should be "degrees of the Sun" (,\) for the column of entries and "minutes/seconds" for the tabulated coefficients of interpolation f('\). I reproduce here (in Table I) only the numerical table. The explanatory text actually expla.ins little and can be read in Halma's translation. The function j'(a) increases more or less like sin ,\ from 0 to 1. But a look at the differences 0 makes it evident that we are not dealing with trigonometric functions. As Table 1 and Figure 1 show, the values of 0 are stretchwise constant and these constants form again an arithmetical sequence of constant difference 0;0,4 0;1 0;0,56 0;0,52 ... 0;0,8 0;0,4. (1)


From the standpoint of economic development food processing may offer an alternative to many areas not meeting the skilled labor requirements of high-technology industry, and it is increasingly mentioned as a development strategy as many communities seek "value added" industries in the agricultural sector. This study focuses on food processing firms located in the three state area of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida and is designed to measure the relationship between the organizational characteristics of a firm and the type of input/market linkages formed by the firm.


ABSTRACT System development has become more and more concentrated on development for the Web and this has resulted in larger target groups. It will most surely continue to be so considering that th ...


We theoretically investigate the origin of the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra at the K edges of Mn and Ga in the ferromagnetic phase of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}\mathrm{GaC}$ on the basis of an ab initio calculation. Taking account of the spin-orbit interaction in the local density approximation scheme, we obtain the XMCD spectra in excellent agreement with the recent experiment. We have analyzed the origin of each structure, and thus elucidated the mechanism for inducing the orbital polarization in the p symmetric states. We also discuss a simple sum rule connecting the XMCD spectra with the orbital moment in the p symmetric states.


In recent years,struck by lightning events often occur in rural areas,first,is farmers are poor knowledge of lighting protection,second,is phones,computers est.home appliances are widely used,but the main reasons are lack of lihting measares,especially the self-built housing of farmers,as a result of the current situation of farmers,the majority of residential facilities are still gap in lighting measures.In this paper,by analysis of the actual situation of rural housing and the characteristics of rural areas,puts forward the lightning protection measures of built residential and building residential construction.


Most of the current processor architectures have word-addressable internal memories and wide data paths that are efficiently utilized whenever data is aligned according to word locations. However, in video coding the operands are typically 8to 16bits, so the architecture would be inefficiently exploited. Common solutions are to modify the data path so that multiple subwords can be processed in parallel and to provide dedicated instructions for data alignment. However, internal parallel memory architectures with versatile memory access properties have not been widely used. This thesis provides new insight into the design of internal on-chip data memory architectures for standards based video compression. The results can be employed in both programmable and hardware oriented solutions. This work shows that internal parallel data memory can be a viable design choice for the subword parallel and SIMD parallel processors performing video coding applications. Based on the analysis of the key functions of a video codec, a conventional word addressable architecture needs an average cycle count higher by a factor of 1.44-1.98 and an average instruction count higher by a factor of 1.22-1.62 than the proposed parallel memory. With a modulo addressable parallel memory, the external memory bandwidth can be decreased by about a factor of 1.6, while preserving efficient memory access performance in block matching operations. Enhanced memory access benefits of the parallel memory are application specific and need to be judged against the complexity of the design task. When compared to a conventional word-addressable memory, the parallel memories studied required larger silicon area (1.14-1.93), had higher power consumption per memory access (1.30-2.77), and longer total memory access delay (1.16-2.36). The results improve the understanding of design trade-offs related to video codecs. Furthermore, they provide the implementors data on the gate counts, area, power consumption, cycle times, and other performance figures of parallel memory solutions.


Sceloporus jarrovi *exhibits intraspecific differences in temporal and micro- habitat resource usage. During the summer months of 1974 and 1975, most adult activity occurred in the early morning while most juvenile activity occurred near noon. Lizards were active an average of only 2.5 days/wk. Because the animals were active on different days and at various times of the day, defended territories sometimes overlapped spatially. Terri- toriality of S. jarrovi is closely tied to the maintenance of an adequate food supply; a temporal distribution of territories may increase feeding efficiency. Perch site differences were also noted.


The successful establishment of a purpose-built innovative school designed to support new ways of teaching and learning in the senior secondary years, particularly in the area of science and mathematics, required a comprehensive and research-based professional development policy and program. Planning professional learning opportunities for the teachers located within the Australian Science and Mathematics School (ASMS) emerged from reviewing the literature on effective professional development and collaboration between the ASMS leadership team and staff from Flinders University. In keeping with honouring the individual teachers and their specific learning needs a professional learning program that provided a range of options was developed. This article reports on the reasoning behind the design of the professional development policy and two specific strategies used to support teachers' learning and practice in this innovative environment.


Objective:To explore the effect of Suanzaoren decoction(SZRD) on the expression of astrocytes and microglia cells in the dorsal raphe nuclei(DRN) insomnia rats.Method: The insomnia rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of DL-4-Chlorophenylalanine(PCPA)at the dose of 350 mg · kg-1 for two days.Rats were divided into control group,model group,SZRD groups,and estazolam group.The SZRD groups were treated by intragastric administration of SZRD at 15,7.5,3.75 g · kg-1 each day for seven days.The estazolam group was treated the same way using estazolam at 2 mg · kg-1 for 7 days.HE staining was use to check the neural damage in the DRN and test animal's midbrain glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP);and OX42 expression was examined using immunohistochemical staining.Result: The level of neural damage in the DRN was significantly higher in the insomnia model group than in the control group(P0.01).Insomnia model group rats showed significantly higher levels(P0.01) of GFAP and OX42 positive cells in the DRN than control animals.Treatment animals receiving a high dose of SZRD(15 g · kg-1) showed significantly lower levels(P0.01) of GFAP and OX42 positive cells in the DRN than insomnia model group animals.This treatment group showed no significant difference when compared to animals treated using estazolam.Conclusion: PCPA can damage the DRN neurons.Insomnia induced by PCPA can activate midbrain astrocytes and microglia.SZRD reduces midbrain GFAP and OX42 expression,and reduces the damage from PCPA.This may be one of the mechanisms for SZRD in treatment of insomnia.


Abstract. We deal with the problem of blind parameter estimation of signal-dependent noise from mono-component image data. Multispectral or color images can be processed in a component-wise manner. The main results obtained rest on the assumption that the image texture and noise parameters estimation problems are interdependent. A two-dimensional fractal Brownian motion (fBm) model is used for locally describing image texture. A polynomial model is assumed for the purpose of describing the signal-dependent noise variance dependence on image intensity. Using the maximum likelihood approach, estimates of both fBm-model and noise parameters are obtained. It is demonstrated that Fisher information (FI) on noise parameters contained in an image is distributed nonuniformly over intensity coordinates (an image intensity range). It is also shown how to find the most informative intensities and the corresponding image areas for a given noisy image. The proposed estimator benefits from these detected areas to improve the estimation accuracy of signal-dependent noise parameters. Finally, the potential estimation accuracy (Cramér-Rao Lower Bound, or CRLB) of noise parameters is derived, providing confidence intervals of these estimates for a given image. In the experiment, the proposed and existing state-of-the-art noise variance estimators are compared for a large image database using CRLB-based statistical efficiency criteria.


Lugovaya Nika Vyacheslavovna The article deals with the metaphor as an integral component of the ornamental prose. It is assumed that the paths based on the similarity of the compared concepts mean in a literary text the presence of not only common knowledge, but also the copyright implications of that destination singled out and decrypted. It takes into account the cognitive theory, according to which the metaphor is one of the fundamental ways of modeling reality. It creates a picture of the object, and promotes the formation of a certain style of thinking about it. Analysis of the novel by B. Poplavsky «To Home from heaven» with regard to these theoretical premises (regulations) allows to see that the basis of the artistic world lies in the basic linguistic metaphor "man - animal", which includes a number of sub-fields: the name of animal species; the habits and actions of the animals; body parts of animals, as well as words with seme 'beast', 'animal', 'cattle'. Implementation metaphor generates numerous «animal» metamorphosis of female images and transformation taking place with the main character. Metaphorical transformation corresponds to the complex relationships of the characters with Tanya and Katya on the background of his spiritual quest. The basic metaphor and its implementation are updated by the author's intent, helping to reveal the philosophical idea of the novel. Key words : basic language metaphor, to home from heaven, lexico-semantic field


A quantum efficiency close to 1% has been demonstrated for stable and atmosphere tolerant photocathodes for a photoinjector producing short electron bunches with current 100-500 A. Experimental study of electron emission during ferroelectric polarization reversal by high voltage pulses has been performed. Emission current density reached 400 A/cm2, which was limited by space charge effects.


It is wel knowne ... that in the realme of Ingland at this day, there are three different and opposite bodies of religion that are of the most bulk and that do carry most sway and power, which three bodies are knowne commonly in Ingland by the names of Protestants, Puritanes, and Papists, though the latter two do not acknowledge these names, and for the same cause would I not use them neither, if it were not only for cleerness and brevities sake, for that, as often I have protested, my meaning is not to give offence to any side or partye. The idea for this paper came to me a dozen years ago while re-reading Will Herberg's Protestant - Catholic - Jew, subtitled 'An Essay in American Religious Sociology'. Mr Herberg made extensive use of survey data which, of course, are not available to the student of Elizabethan-Stuart England, but some of his most pertinent insights came from his analysis of manners of contemporary American speech. I began at that time to note and classify the ways in which Englishmen of this period described religious beliefs and attitudes. The conviction slowly formed that terminology not only flowed from religious thought and belief but in its turn influenced religious thought.


The utility model discloses a four-drive ship type tractor. A diesel engine is connected with a clutch manipulator through a power output conveyor belt; the clutch manipulator is connected with a variable speed transmission box; left and right travelling shafts extend out of the variable speed transmission box and are connected with two rear wheels through gears; the travelling shafts are connected with a front wheel through a universal joint transmission shaft and a front half axle box; a hull plate is arranged on the lower part of the frame; a suspended hoisting frame is arranged on the rear part of the frame; a rotary tillage working component is arranged on the lower part of the suspended hoisting frame; and a hydraulic ram is arranged on the suspended hoisting frame. By adopting a multi-gear transmission system with 6 forward gear speeds and 2 reverse gear speeds and the detachable hull plate, the utility model has the advantages that 1, the tractor can be driven on single side and facilitates steering; 2, the tractor can be matched with various agricultural implements such as a rotary tiller a plough, a rake and a cattail roll; 3, the tractor is suitable for paddy fields and droughty soil; 4, the tractor can run on the land; 5, the agricultural implements can be hydraulically lifted; and 6, the tractor is provided with an electric starting device.


ABSTRACT Background To evaluate choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and to investigate the association of CVI with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an indicator of inflammation in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Material and Methods This prospective study included newly diagnosed OCD patients and healthy controls. All patients underwent EDI-OCT imaging to assess the subfoveal choroidal thickness (sCT) and peripapillary CT (pCT). CVI was defined as the ratio of luminal area to stromal area after binarization on EDI–OCT images. Results A total of 39 patients with OCD and 25 controls were included. The sCT, pCT, and CVI values were significantly higher in the OCD vs. control group (p˂0.05 for all). The NLR values were significantly higher in the OCD vs. control group (p = .007). A significant positive correlation was noted between CVI and NLR (p = .039). Conclusion Our findings suggest that systemic inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of OCD.


Objective : To establish the possible role of imprinting in ovarian cancer, we determined the imprinting status of both IGF-2 and H-19 genes in ovarian cacner, borderline tumors of ovary, benign ovarian tumor and normal ovarian tissues. Methods : An allelictyping assay was performed using a PCR-RFLP-based method for identification of heterozygous informative cases. The usage of Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-2) promoters was examined by RT-PCR using promoter-specific primers. The mRNA expression of IGF-2 and H19 was quantified using a densitometer. Results : Loss of imprinting (LOI) of IGF-2 was observed in the order of borderline tumor (77%)>cancer (71%)>benign tumor (60%)>normal ovarian tissues (50%) respectively. And the LOI of H19 gene was not detected in the normal and benign tissues but observed in the borderline tumor and cancer tissues, respectively. The usage of promoter P1, P2, P3 and P4 were observed different pattern in normal, benign tumor, borderline tumor and cancer tissues. The activity of mRNA expression of promoter P4 was higher than other promoters. The cancer tissues predominantly used promoter P1, P2 with relative silencing of the promoter P3. The ovarian cancer tissues showed the higher expression levels of the IGF-2 but a downregulation of the H19 relative to normal tissues. Conclusion : These results suggest that LOI, deregulation of the IGF-2 promoters, and the altered expression levels of the IGF-2 and H19 gene might be associated with progression of ovarian cancer.


ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to examine outdoor environments to understand whether or not young children had access to play materials and loose parts to enhance their playful experiences. This study sought to gather the availability of SAFE and quality play opportunities in early childhood outdoor environments. The study took place in one state of the United States. The study found 75% of outdoor spaces had a playground structure that including a place for children to climb and slide down. The study found 83% of programs had appropriate surfacing materials provided in the outdoor play environment. Loose parts, such as toys, balls, and action figures were also included in the outdoor play and learning environment. The significance of play that this study shows is outdoor environments have an abundant opportunities to support the developmental characteristics of children.


The banking industry is recently experiencing a renewed focus on retail banking, a trend often attributed to the stability and profitability of retail activities (Hirtle and Stiroh, 2007). This paper examines operations management in bank interest margin when foreign-denominated loans are squeezing a country as its currency falters. In a call-option model with fat-tail distribution framework where structural changes from exchange rate depreciated dramatically are the source of uncertainty (we call such changes bad events), exchange rates or bad events have direct effects on the bank's optimal interest margin. A depreciation in the domestic currency results in an increased interest margin. We conclude that retail banking may be a relatively shrinking lending activity but it is a high return one when an observed bad event from the domestic-currency depreciation is becoming worse.


We propose an implementation of the parametric amplification of an arbitrary radiation-field state previously prepared in a high-Q cavity. This nonlinear process is accomplished through the dispersive interactions of a single three-level atom (fundamental |g>, intermediate |i>, and excited |e> levels) simultaneously with (i) a classical driving field and (ii) a previously prepared cavity mode whose state we wish to squeeze. We show that, in the adiabatic approximantion, the preparation of the initial atomic state in the intermediate level |i> becomes crucial for obtaining the degenerated parametric amplification process.


Ecological researchers have recently begun to explore the potential of remote sensing in addressing questions about the structural and functional properties of ecosystems. The objective of our research is to analyze the relationship of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data and field-collected measurements of forest productivity in southern Illinois. In addition to TM data, such site characteristics as slope angle and position, soil productivity indexes, and sun radiance factors were incorporated in the analysis. Techniques for using image and geographic information system data in relation to productivity measurements taken in the field are discussed. Correlation and multiple regression results revealed the importance of TM band ratios 7:4 and 2:1 and of the woodland productivity indexes of soils in predicting forest productivity. Directions for further research in this area are suggested.


Poloxamer 188 (P188) is a copolymer surfactant. Its protective effects against ischemic injury, cardiomyopathy, and intracerebral hemorrhage have been shown in studies from rats and mice. The underlying protective mechanisms are unclear. This study investigated its effects on blood volume in pigs after severe traumatic hemorrhage and hypotensive resuscitation.


STAT5, represented by the highly homologous isoforms STAT5A and STAT5B, is an essential transcription factor for the proliferation, survival and di erentiation of myeloid cells1. Hematopoietic cytokines such as erythropoietin (Epo), thrombopoietin and GM-CSF activate Janus tyrosine kinases (JAKs) resulting in transient phosphorylation of STAT5 at a single conserved tyrosine residue (Y694 in STAT5A, Fig. 1a). Subsequently, STAT5 dimers are formed through reciprocal intermolecular phosphotyrosine-SH2 domain interactions. ese dimers accumulate in the nucleus to induce target gene expression2,3. Persistently activated STAT5 has been observed in a variety of hematological disorders, including chronic (CML) and acute (AML) forms of myeloid leukemias4,5. Likewise, constitutive STAT5 signaling is associated with cKitD816V-positive systemic mastocytosis (SM)6,7 and several myeloproliferative neoplasms with mutated JAK2, MPL or calreticulin8. Importantly, STAT5 represents a vulnerable signaling node regulating tumor cell maintenance in the oncogenic networks of CML and AML cells, a feature known as non-oncogene addiction (NOA)4,9,10. Furthermore, the introduction of arti cial gain-of-function mutants such as STAT5AS710F into mice identi ed STAT5 as a putative oncogene capable of inducing tumor initiation in many hematopoietic cell types, independent of dysregulated upstream kinases11. In addition to these functions in physiologic and malignant myelopoiesis, STAT5 represents a master regulator of lymphopoiesis, controlling the proliferation and di erentiation of T and B cells through various cytokines including IL-2 and IL-712,13. Accordingly, activating somatic mutations in the SH2 domain and the following C-terminal tail segment (CTS) of STAT5 (Fig. 1a) have been discovered in distinct types of Tand NK-cell lymphomas such as large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL), acute T-cell leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL)14–19. e addiction to STAT5-mediated signal transduction processes has been considered to be a potential Achilles heel in leukemic signaling networks, resulting in intense research aiming at the pharmacological inhibition of


S.R. Christofoletti & M.M.T. Moreno - Characteristics of the rocks from the Corumbatai Formation used in the floor tiles industry. The rocks from Corumbatai Formation, successfully used by the floor tiles industries of the Ceramic Cluster of Santa Gertrudes (SP, Brazil). This cluster is located in the region of the cities of Santa Gertrudes, Rio Claro, Cordeiropolis, Limeira and Araras. Geologically, the rocks may be classified into five ceramic lithofacies, as follows: massive, laminated, intercalated I, intercalated II and altered. Chemically, they are considered as clays with medium amount of fluxing agents, and their composition of Na 2 O+K 2 O ranges from 2.9% in the altered lithofacies up to 4.31% in the intercalated I lithofacies .The main clay minerals are illite and kaolinite (both always present), but montmorillonite often occurs in the intercalated I and II, and in the laminated lithofacies. The other main minerals are quartz, albite-type feldspar and calcite. Based on the ceramic characterization the lithofacies are classified, according to the Floor Tiles Classification, within the group BIIb (BII stands for mechanical resistance ranging from 180 to 300 Kgf/cm 2 , and b stands for water absorption ranging from 6 to 10 %), except for some intercalated I and II and altered lithofacies samples, which presented water absorption values above 10%.


I thank Dr. Saltonstall for the comments and interest in this guideline.1 The development of a guideline covering 23 medications and 143 randomized trials, as well as 30-plus recommendations and multiple development steps, is complex to the point of being overwhelming. We appreciate Dr. Saltonstall's careful reading of this document.


present study has been done aiming at evaluation of the pattern of man – elephant conflict in the district and analysing the history of elephant presence in the district. It has tried to include in it different aspects of man –elephant conflict and take into account the percep tions of the local people towards management of the problem. The study has tried not only to find the cause of the problem but also evaluate the effectiveness of the existing elephant control measures and work out strategies for awareness and conservation of elephant as well as forest in the region.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate caseload midwifery care in comparison to traditional 'shared care'.

DESIGN
Comparative study with area randomisation.

SETTING
District general hospital in England.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
'Known carer at delivery,' 'normal vaginal delivery' and 'obstetric intervention'.

SUBJECTS
All pregnant women delivering in the six areas chosen for the study.

MAIN FINDINGS
A highly significant difference was found between caseload and traditional care groups in terms of level of 'known carer at delivery' (696/770 94.7%; cf. 52/735 (6.7%), p < 0.001). However, no differences in 'normal vaginal delivery' rates were found (542/770 (70%) cf. 509/735 (69%). There were fewer 'obstetric interventions' in the caseload group, particularly epidural analgesia (80/770 (10%) cf. 110/735 (15%) p = 0.01) and oxytocin augmentation (351/77 (46%) cf. 387/735 (53%), p = 0.01). There were no significant differences found in terms of neonatal outcome.

CONCLUSIONS
Caseload midwifery results in high levels of 'known carer at delivery' which appears to be associated with a reduction in augmentation and epidural rates but which were not associated with an increase in normal vaginal delivery rate.


vessels are printed at 1:2 (a few lamps at 1:1) and coarser vessels at 1:4. Toned sections are used here also. One major criticism must be made, however. All the fabric descriptions of the illustrated vessels are virtually unusable, because textures and inclusions are only generally described in the course of the main discussion of the types. Furthermore, the Munsell Rock-color Chart is used for colour description, without the merest hint of a verbal description. This work is not easily accessible, and on most occasions only a general idea of fabric colour is required. This is not to criticize the use of standardized colour references, however, which for more detailed work is absolutely essential and long overdue. In the same way that the Neuss volume demands a sequel on kilns (and a fulllength book from H. von Petrikovits?) the Vindonissa volume demands sequels on the pottery of the two further legions which occupied Vindonissa down to 1 o 1. The effects on the pottery of the arrival of XXI Rapax from the lower Rhine, followed by XI Claudia p.f. from Dalmatia may have been considerable, as Dr. Ettlinger has already shown in the case of some wares associated with the latter. Whatever criticisms are made of these Neuss and Vindonissa reports, they have nevertheless set a very high standard of publication which reflects the rapidly increasing awareness of the fundamental importance of Roman pottery. Had they contained more objectively presented material they would have been difficult to surpass in our present state of knowledge. Although they contain little or no discussion of the economic and cultural implications of the pottery, the information is at least published well enough to be used by others seeking such aspects. Any future reports from Britain will be failing if they do not at least equal the attainments of Filtzinger and Tomasevic.


One of the great ironies of reform movements, which seek a fuller embodiment of love and justice in society, is that they frequently experience internal strife and division. Organizations formed for the elimination of war and the promotion of peace have proven themselves equally guilty of the tendency for conflict throughout history. Valarie Ziegler, in this study of peace reform prior to the Civil War now released in paperback, demonstrates that sad reality anew. Shall reform bodies seek an absolute point of view or embrace differing opinions in the interest of a common goal? Is the paramount issue adherence to pristine means or can tactics vary as long as the ends are achieved? Must one undertake a sectarian rejection of the broader society or can one make use of society's institutions in pursuit of reform? Ziegler shows that these questions, and still others, rent the antebellum peace societies. Interesting and important as those issues are, their demonstration is not Ziegler's purpose in this very fine monograph. She wants, rather, to determine how it happened that those who campaigned so vigorously against violence could zealously support war in the cause of national union. She concludes that the answer lies in theological assumptions of early national evangelicalism that constituted the context of peace activism. Peace reform, Ziegler shows, underwent a "theological shift from an unconditional ethic of love to a qualified acceptance of an ethic of coercion" (10) in the years preceding the Civil War. The American Peace Society (APS) was founded in 1828. From the beginning it encompassed what Ziegler calls moderate and radical factions, represented originally by Noah Worcester and David Low Dodge, respectively. In ten short years William Lloyd Garrison would lead the radicals out of the society to form the New England Non-Resistance Society. Ziegler pursues her argument by analyzing developments in each group through the early days of abolitionism, war with Mexico, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, and the secessionist crisis. Although they differed significantly in their understanding of peace reform, the two organizations manifested parallel changes that led them to support war. Both groups built their opposition to war on the Sermon on the Mount, which they believed precluded individual or national resort to arms. The believer was bound to obey this law of the gospel, a deontological stance Ziegler calls the ethic of love. The APS, seeking to cast its net as widely as possible, simply stated that they opposed war, leaving it to their members to interpret that to mean opposition to all war or only offensive war—to say nothing of the right of individuals to use force for personal or familial self-defense. The nonresistants argued that the ethic of love broached no equivocation; their name indicated their absolute refusal to endorse the use of violence under any circumstances. The moderates of the APS also affirmed, with reference to Romans 13, the necessity of governments using force to preserve order for their citizens—maintaining police, punishing criminals, and suppressing rebellion. The Garrisonian nonresistants argued in sectarian fashion that earthly governments were established only because of human sin. True believers, as they approached millennial perfection, should eschew participation in politics. Many nonresistants even refused to vote.


AbstractBuilding renovation is an effective way to revive the use of a building, the use efficiency of which is primarily determined by its layout. However, in architectural practice, architects and building owners renovate buildings based on their personal subjective perceptions of how occupants use the building instead of systematically analyzing their use behaviors. This study proposes a model, called the Function-space Assignment and MOvement Simulation (FAMOS) model, which integrates radio frequency identification (RFID), fast messy genetic algorithms (fmGA), and movement simulation techniques to solve the function-space assignment problem. The RFID equipment is specifically used to track the occupants' movement data in a building, the fmGA is employed to identify the optimal result of function assignment, and the movement simulation technique is adopted to verify the result and support the decision-making of function-space assignment. This study presents a real case study to demonstrate the use of F...


To express the recombinant C-terminal fragment of SARS virus S1 protein and to study its role in SARS immune response. The gene encoding C-terminal 311 amino acid residuals of SARS virus S1 subunit was cloned and expressed in E.coli. After purification, the recombinant protein was identified from serum sample of patients recovered from SARS. The serum sample of health donor, which was collected befove outbreak of SARS, was used as negative control. Sequencing analysis confirmed that the recombinant protein has the same sequence of natural N-terminal of SARS virus S1 subunit. The recombinant S1 protein could react with the sample from recovered SARS patients, and showed a specific band at 59 000 Mr, but not the control sample in the result of Western blots. The recombinant N-terminal of SARS virus S1 subunit may provide us a good tool in the research of immune response to SARS virus in vivo and in vitro.


Thermal stability of proteins can be improved by evolutionary molecular engineering, without the knowledge about 3D structures of the proteins nor the principle that governs the protein stability. The method will provide a way of improving the thermal stability of industrially important proteins. It can also be used as a tool to study protein stability. There are a substantial number of examples now. Our recent study suggested that it is easy to obtain thermo-stabilized proteins by single-base substitution. Although, it requires further improvement of the method to obtain mutants with double-base substitution within a codon.


The past and recent results of optical searches for simultaneous and quasisimultaneous/fading counterparts of GRBs are discussed. Although no convincing counterparts have been found so far, I show that this does not necessarily mean that there are no flaring/fading optical counterparts but there may also be other reasons such as insufficient instrumental responses and threshold limits and/or time delays. I outline results obtained so far by various experiments and show that there is still an obvious lack of sensitive simultaneous observations as well as deep follow-up observations covering the full areas of error boxes less than a few hours after a GRB. Further instrumental improvements are needed to be able to made final conclusions as to whether there are optical emissions accompanying GRBs.


HE RETURN to prominence of the radical right1 in recent years has stimulated discussion in many areas, precipitating considerable concern regarding its nature and its bases.2 Of the many interpretations, the most popular has treated this new right trend as a spontaneous collective response to alienation, disaffection, and frustration. A characterization of this approach, which will serve as a useful initial formulation, is presented in The Authoritarian Personality. "The ethnocentric conservative is the pseudo-conservative, for he betrays in his ethnocentricism a tendency antithetical to democratic values and tradition." 3 Hofstadter, in a somewhat similar vein, has commented on the pseudo-conservative revolt of the early fifties: ". . . pseudo-conservativism is in good part a product of the rootlessness and heterogeneity of American life, and above all, of its peculiar scramble for status and its peculiar search for secure identity." 4 Hofstadter describes two types of politics, the second of which is characteristic of pseudo-conservatism: "Interest politics, the clash of material aims and needs among various groups and blocks; and status politics, the clash of various projective rationalizations arising from status aspirations and other personal motives." 5 The former tends to be programmatic while the latter tends toward vindictiveness. Both the aristocratic, who feel threatened from below, and the upward moving, who have not yet gained all the accoutrements of high status, are considered subject to status anxieties leading to status politics. In discussing some of the ramifications of status anxieties in politics Lipset has argued: "The political consequences of status frustrations differ considerably from those resulting from economic deprivation in that there is no clear-cut political solution for the problem." 6 Riesman and Glazer, in their discussions of the anxieties of the newly prosperous as well as the problems of the Old Families, state: "But among the youth, too, are many people who are at once the beneficiaries and the victims of prosperity, people made ill-at-ease by an affluence not preceded by imagining its reality, nor preceded by a change in character-structure more attuned to amenity than to hardship." 7


Cancer Research has benefitted from substantial expenditures by federal and nonprofit organizations. The resulting success in patient care has been uneven. Two lessons from the 20th century history of science suggest infrastructural changes that can boost success. We need to better organize big science, explicitly aiming for expedient clinical translation. In parallel, resource allocation should enable investigator-initiated exploration on the basis of productivity per research dollars spent.


To describe the climate regime of intra-annual precipitation, generally identified lapses greater and less than the arithmetic mean of the 12 monthly values ...


Women administrators in undergraduate social work education are making gains in representation and salary equity that are atypical of much of academia. In this article, which reports on a 1988 reassessment of academic administrators, reversals in the gaps in salaries are identified for female and male assistant and associate professors. Women in this study continued to be poorly represented at the rank of full professor. Although two points in time are not sufficient to predict trends in equity, particularly when gender and salary are affected by social and economic factors, the study found that rank, tenure, and institutional size are important factors in gender-related disparities.


OBJECTIVES
The authors identify market, operational, and financial characteristics associated with the default of hospital revenue bonds using logistic regression analysis.

METHODS
Data from 22 defaulted hospitals and 260 nondefaulted hospitals from 1988 to 1992 are analyzed.

RESULTS
Findings indicated that defaulted hospitals had smaller market shares, were located in near-urban markets, and incurred higher expenses per discharge than nondefaulted hospitals. Defaulted hospitals also were highly leveraged and had lower debt service coverage ratios compared with nondefaulted hospitals.

CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that market share, ability to generate sufficient case flow to meet debt service, and amount of debt on hand are critical factors in avoiding a bond default but not government payer mix.


Two cases of Candida albicans infections following total hip replacement are presented. The first case describes a patient with bilateral hip prosthesis and peritoneal dialysis. Revision surgery of the left hip, with exchange of a loosened acetabular cup, revealed C. albicans in 5 tissue specimens. This prosthetic infection was probably a result of hematogenous seeding from an infected peritoneal dialysis catheter. The second case describes a patient who had C. albicans superinfection after 2 surgical revisions on early deep infection following a primary total hip replacement. Direct inoculation of skin microflora at time of surgery is the most probable explanation. Both patients had predisposing factors as comorbidities and complicated prosthetic surgery. Treatment was a combination of revision surgery and antimicrobial therapy with fluconazole.


During the covid-19, social distancing is required to prevent the spread of the covid-19 virus. Therefore, in the world of education, the government applies distance education or what is often referred to as online learning. There are obstacles in online learning, such as an indication of student in discipline, which is caused by boredom with online learning, lazy to study, lack of understanding of the material being taught. This study aims to determine the impact of online learning on Buddhist students, and to determine the discipline of Buddhist students when participating in online learning. The method in this study uses a qualitative approach, namely a case study conducted at SMAN 1 Donorojo. The resultsand conclusions in this study indicate that there are positive and negative impacts arising from online learning. The positive impact is that students can recognize and operate technology well. The negative impact is that students are not able to learn independently because they do not understand if the material is not explained in detail, besides that students feel bored because of the lack of interaction with friends and teachers. Through online learning, it can be concluded that online learning makes students less disciplined, this is because students experience learning burnout due to boredom about monotonous material and the pressure from many tasks given by the teacher who are targeted to be completed on the same day. Therefore, students are lazy and bored with studying, so students are late in submitting assignments.


Purpose of review Numbers of women seeking consultation for pelvic floor disorders, a large portion of which will involve pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and lower urinary tract dysfunction, are expected to reach epidemic proportions within the next decade. A full understanding of the complex impact of pelvic organ prolapse on lower urinary tract function is crucial to successful management. Recent findings Recent data lend support to the concept that women with POP, but no associated urethral dysfunction, may be best served by a surgical repair that carefully avoids dissection in the periurethral area. Conversely, preoperative evaluation will often reveal bladder outlet obstruction concomitant with 'hidden', 'potential', or 'occult' stress urinary incontinence when the prolapse is reduced. Many of these women will not have incontinence symptoms in daily life. Paradoxically, the mechanical bladder outlet obstruction may induce detrusor instability with subsequent obstructed/overactive bladder symptom complexes not dissimilar to those of men with prostatic bladder outlet obstruction. Anatomic research shows that the vessels and nerves supplying the urethra are particulary vulnerable to surgical techniques used in pelvic organ prolapse repair. Summary This mix of obstructed, overactive bladder with hidden stress incontinence increases with degree of POP, and all women with severe prolapse will fair best if evaluated for all three conditions prior to surgical repair.


Legal intrusion into the research process is an extreme threat to the viability of field research, but one that research experience shows need not be fatal. We explore the problem by describing and discussing Mario Brajuha's experiences in the legal system and at his research site when both federal and state prosecutors subpoenaed his testimony and field notes. After an account of the research and the long court battle over field note confidentiality that ensued, we discuss the impact of legal intrusion on Mario's fieldworker roles, scholarly identity, and social support network. The many temporary and lasting changes in the research wrought by legal intrusion are recounted, and the implications of the legal case for Mario, field researchers, and social scientists generally are discussed, with attention to issues of research practice, legal constraint, and ethical commitment.


The present invention, at least one antigen binding site comprising a glycosylated asparagine (Asn) in the variable region of the heavy chain (V More specifically, it is possible specifically recognizing the beta-A4 peptide / A? 4, pharmaceutical compositions and diagnostic compositions comprising the antibody molecules and antibody mixture is provided. The present invention is particularly, one or a mixture of antibodies containing two glycosylation antigen binding sites with a glycosylated asparagine (Asn) in the variable region of the heavy chain, i.e., glycosylation Asn in the variable region of the heavy chain (V Compositions and antibody preparations specifically including glycosylated antibody isoforms are also disclosed. Furthermore, pharmaceutical uses and diagnostic use of these antibodies are provided. Antibodies isoforms example, it may be used in the pharmaceutical intervention of amyloid formation or amyloid plaque formation and / or amyloid formation or diagnosis of amyloid plaque formation.