Some forty years ago, the American historian of France David Pinkney formed what came to be known as the "Pinkney thesis," suggesting that Americans could never rival the French in writing French history. The French were in place and had daily access to the archives, while Americans could only briefly glance at the archives and would have to depend on a lot of printed materials available in the States, and at best come up with a synthetic work that might be able to reinterpret a particular epoch or phenomenon. Not being French and living with the suppositions of Frenchmen, Americans might—Pinkney suggested—view the past in a new and different way. Many American scholars have been able to do at least as well as this, but they have also been far more in the archives than Pinkney could have imagined. How do people become French colonial historians? Some twenty-five years ago I was assigned the task of interviewing Henri Brunschwig, the then dean of French colonial history, for the Proceedings of our society. I came prepared with questions, assuming that biographical details about Brunschwig's life would be a key to understanding why he had chosen to write about France's interaction with peoples overseas. Brunschwig was born of a Jewish family in Alsace and was a concentration-camp survivor. I assumed that this


Software-Defined Networking paradigm has been proposed for the integrated 5G-satellite network to achieve better flexibility, scalability and reliability. A particularly important task in such the SDN-enabled unified architecture is that of the joint gateway and controller placement problem to meet various requirements, especially for the network reliability and latency. In general, an exhaustive evaluation of all placements can produce optimal results but having exceptionally long running time. In this paper, we proposed two metaheuristic approaches that can achieve approximate optimal performance with much lower computational complexity. A Simulated Annealing based algorithm called Double Simulated Annealing is proposed. Further, a Genetic Algorithm based method was developed to achieve the near-optimal of both controller and gateway placements simultaneously. Comprehensive experiments were carried out to select the best hyper-parameter settings for both algorithms. Simulation results demonstrated that the Double Simulated Annealing algorithm outperformed the state-of-the-art Simulated Annealing and Clustering Hybrid Algorithm in terms of solution accuracy with a small trade-off of running time. Moreover, the Genetic Algorithm based approach can provide a near-optimal solution with better precision and lower computational complexity in comparison with the Simulated Annealing and Clustering Hybrid Algorithm.


From near-bankruptcy in 1987, Texaco Inc.—one of the largest companies in the world—has experienced a rapid return to profitability. Texaco's turnaround is attributed at least in part to Total Quality Management and a dramatic change in corporate culture that has led to empowerment of the workforce. This case study focuses on empowerment, describes the change that has taken place over the last five years and in particular examines the Information Technology (IT) Division. Within this division 131 "natural work groups" form the core of a team approach that embodies new responsibilities, authorities and team processes. People and quality have been emphasized and a process of continuous improvement has commenced. These changes reflect significant empowerment of the workforce. As a result there is tangible evidence of success both in regard to the efficiency and effectiveness of IT services. IT personnel feel good about the quality of their output and user satisfaction is high. Texaco's IT Division has been cited both internally and externally for its exemplary and world-class performance in quality through team empowerment. The case concludes with lessons that other corporations might learn from the Texaco experience.


The aim of this article is to determine the feasibility of the use of infrared thermography in the diagnosis of heat stress in industrial welders. It is a non-experimental, transverse, correlational study. Data were collected from 12 welders (men) from the Colombian metalworking and construction sector. Their internal body temperature was measured with a personal thermal stress monitor (tympanic temperature, °C) and 456 thermographic records(external temperature,°C) of 6 quadrants of the back were made, and the maximum temperature in each of the quadrants was determined. The Pearson statistical test was applied to determine the correlation between the values of the internal temperature and the maximum temperatures in each of the quadrants of the thermogram. A linear regression was also applied to establish a prediction model of the internal temperature from the temperatures of the quadrants of the back. The resulting thermograms of quadrant 3 would predict the internal temperature of the welder monitored in 51% of cases. In conclusion, it was found out that infrared thermography is an effective method for the prediction of thermal stress by heat in welders and is valid for the evaluation of occupational exposure.


Abstract It is the responsibility of any Muslim to engage in belief topics consciously. Especially, Kalam/?Aqâid (Islamic Theology) as a discipline is straightforwardly interested in the belief?s topics. In addition, the ilm-i hal (the works explaining the basic principles of Islam) and tasawwuf are interested in the belief?s topics indirectly. Ilm-i hal and tasawwuf have considered the topics of belief in a conventional way. The preachers must benefit from these traditional books as well as trying to find new solutions to the problems related to faith. The fact that there are many religious and sectarian movements in modern day Turkey requires us to scrutinize these basic belief topics more closely on the one hand and think about the novel ways of imparting them to the common people on the other.


In the context of acute myocardial infarction, we propose that Low Energy Ultrasound (LEUS) exposures might attenuate the detrimental effects of ischemia and reperfusion injury. Specifically, our goal is to quantify and monitor the effects of ultrasound using an in vitro cardiac cell model of ischemia-reperfusion. The study was conducted using a mono-layer cell model (H9C2 cardiomyoblasts) exposed to a prolonged hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) challenge. Two groups were formed: i). HR: cells submitted to hypoxia followed by reoxygenation period, and ii). HR+PostCond-LEUS: LEUS applied repeatedly for 20 min starting at the onset of reoxygenation. Cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry for each group at the end of US exposure. Cell viability was clearly improved in the HR+PostCond-LEUS group, at all time points during reoxygenation. This study suggests a potential protective effect of LEUS on cardiomyoblasts exposed to a prolonged hypoxia-reoxygenation insult. More complex in vitro models exploring potential protective mechanisms (SAFE and RISK signaling pathways and in vivo models will be required for a better comprehension of the underlying mechanisms.


300 Background: The National Radiation Oncology Registry (NROR) is developing an IT infrastructure to support the efficient collection, aggregation, and analysis of data concerning cancer patients treated with radiotherapy across the United States.

METHODS
Detailed requirements were developed to emphasize the following distinguishing goals for the system: 1) streamline the process of data collection by minimizing manual data entry; 2) support the collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and their linkage with clinician-observed outcomes; 3) facilitate data integration within the NROR and between the NROR and other registries; 4) allow for evolution of the system in response to new learning; and 5) promote sustainability and ongoing improvement through an open standard of interoperability.

RESULTS
An innovative technical architecture has been designed to meet the goals described. The system maximizes efficiency through automated extraction and electronic transfer of data from radiation oncology information systems. PROs are collected directly from patients via a web-based portal and linked to data submitted from participating institutions. A data dictionary has been developed based on national standards and controlled vocabularies to facilitate data integration. Contemporary forms-based database technology is used in combination with traditional relational technology to permit both flexible evolution of the system and efficient data analysis. A unique "gateway" architecture and open transmission standard makes it possible for commercial products to interoperate with the registry in the future.

CONCLUSIONS
The NROR prototype system will be launched later this year to collect data for a pilot registry of prostate cancer patients. Its performance and usability will be important factors in the success of the pilot. If effective, the platform will support the expansion of the NROR to benefit patients, clinicians, researchers, payors, device manufacturers, and policy-makers by capturing reliable, population-based information on radiation treatment delivery and health outcomes.


The emergence of industrial biotechnology in the last years has created the need to accelerate the tasks of strain development, as most strains have naturally evolved for growth and not for the production of desired compounds. Moreover, in many cases, microbial strains are being used to produce compounds that are not native to their metabolism, requiring the addition of heterologous genes. Thus, concurrently with fast and novel developments in molecular biology, there has been a significant investment in modelling and computational tools to aid rational strain design efforts. In our research group, we have been involved in several projects where relevant tools have been developed such as the user-friendly, widely used software tool OptFlux [1]. More recently, we have also launched the merlin tool [2] for aiding in genome-scale model reconstruction processes. Based on the knowledge accumulated in the in silico metabolic engineering field, the spinoff company SilicoLife was launched in 2010 to answer some market needs that could not have been addressed through the University. SilicoLife is now a fully independent company specialized in designing in silico metabolic engineering solutions for industrial biotechnology, having projects with some of the major players in the field worldwide, both from industry and academia. SilicoLife has several proprietary technologies, from a pipeline for microbial model reconstruction to tools that aid the identification of non-trivial interventions such as gene knockouts and over/underexpressions for re-directing the metabolic fluxes to the desired target.


Iapplaud two recent articles by Decker, et al. 1 and DeGue, et al. that discussed sexual and intimate partner violence. These remain enormous problems leading to severe physical, sexual, and mental health consequences among adolescents and adult women. The increasing incidence, devastating results, and need for prevention require urgent attention. Dating violence must also be addressed in the public health forum. Dating violence is a type of intimate partner violence that can be physical, emotional, or sexual. It may occur in person or electronically and can lead to serious violence like rape. Because of fear, it is commonly unreported. In 2009, about 10% of students nationwide reported being physically hurt by a boyfriend or girlfriend. The effects of dating violence are poor performance in school, depression, use of drugs or alcohol, eating disorders, and thoughts of suicide. This experience may also increase the risk for victimization while in college. About 20 percent of women and 14 percent of men who ever experienced rape, physical violence, or stalking first experienced some type of partner violence between the ages of 11 and 17 years. More than 75% of female victims of completed rape were first raped before their 25th birthday, with 42.2% experiencing this trauma before the age of 18 (29.9% between 11 and17 and 12.3% at or before the age of 10). Four out of ten of female victims report being raped by an acquaintance. There is also evidence that victims of violence commonly carry the pattern of violence into future relationships. We must make a concerted effort to end dating violence. One in 10 high school students experienced physical violence from a dating partner in 2011. The societal efforts must encompass reducing disparities that exist with respect to sex, race, and income. Respectful healthy relationships are promoted by instituting practices that decrease inequalities. The federal government could offer high school seniors college scholarships for creating and implementing innovative programs to educate their peers about the negative effects of dating violence. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has instituted a comprehensive teen dating violence prevention program, Dating Matters. It focuses on the age group 11 to 14 and will be implemented in middle schools in Baltimore, Chicago, Ft. Lauderdale, and Oakland. The program offers interactive training to help educators and other groups working with teenagers identify risk factors for dating violence. Dating Matters also developed strategies to involve teens, their parents, and the community to prevent this trauma and to understand the root causes. It is clearly a step forward in combating this devastating problem. All communities should implement evidence-based prevention approaches in schools, places of worship, and public forums. All teenagers need to be taught and comprehend the importance of self-respect and respect of others. High schools should participate in active education of students to ensure respectful dating practices and communicate that behavior of abuse must be reported and will not be tolerated. This topic could be incorporated into health classes as part of the curriculum. All school counselors and nurses must be trained to effectively deal with the problem of dating violence, and schools need to implement appropriate protocols. This requires the active participation of school administrators, parent-teacher associations, and school boards. There is no doubt that respect in the home facilitates the ability to negotiate with nonviolent communication and fosters relationships of trust and belief in one's partner's right to autonomy. Family dynamics that include shared decision making, respect, and learning to adjust to stress with appropriate strategies is also paramount to decreasing aggressive behavior. Programs for counseling of families regarding prevention of violence in the home should be fostered by city government agencies. Developing such local public health initiatives to guide families would create better role models for young children. They would learn to substitute aggressive behavior with problem solving with open, calm communication. This behavior would then be replicated with their peers in school and when dating begins as teenagers.


The role of carbonaceous species on the activity of hydrotreating catalysts has been controversial for a long time. On one hand, carbon deposit is known to be one cause of catalyst deactivation, and on the other, the presence of organic thiocompounds (DMDS, tertiononyl-pentasulfide, etc.) or gas–oil during the sulfidation is recognized to provide an activity enhancement. In this work, we attempted to investigate the effect of carbon on the HDS properties of an industrial CoMo catalyst. For this purpose two carbon-containing catalysts were compared to a carbon-free catalyst. Carbon introduction was performed either by impregnating the oxide precursor with a C20 gas oil cut and subsequent drying, or by contacting the precursor with a solution of a commercial coleseed oil and further coking. After activation by H2/H2S, the catalytic properties of the catalysts were evaluated in thiophene conversion and real feedstock desulfurization. In both cases, and for the two preparations, a positive effect of C was observed. Several characterizations were performed (TEM, XPS, TPO, BET-BJH, EXAFS) in order to determine the role of carbon, starting from several assumptions. From these results, it was concluded that at least one identifiable beneficial effect of carbon is a geometrical one. However, structural effects may not be excluded.


This book is devoted very largely to the family life of William Andrews Clark, former copper magnate and senator from Montana, and that of his children. The author was for thirty years the general business agent for one of the sons. Approximately a third of the volume is given to the life of the head of the family and describes his rise from humble origin, his ruthless fight for control of copper mines, his corrupt struggle for a senatorship, and his varied family problems. With the possible exception of the last topic, this account provides nothing of importance that cannot be found written up in more detail elsewhere. The more original portion of the book is that devoted to the lives of the senator's children, and throughout, attention is largely concentrated on the more sordid and unsavory aspects, chiefly those of family life. If purely scientific objectives were back of this production, the technique employed


We shall introduce the TP4 session on Lunar Science and Exploration and present a status report of ILEWG/COSPAR International Lunar Exploration Working Group to EPSC 2015. 1. Lunar session description This TP4 session will highlight latest lunar science and exploration results, and recent missions. It will address key questions on lunar geochemistry, geophysics, evolution, environment, volatiles relevant for planetary research. We plan overview talks, contributed oral or poster presentations and workshop discussions. In the last decade, an international fleet of orbiters (SMANRT-1, Kaguya, Chang'E1 & 2, Chandrayaan1, LRO/LCROSS, Artemis, LADEE, GRAIL ) has unveiled new faces of the Moon with new discoveries and questions. The Chang'e 3 lander and rover have opened a new lunar decade of surface activities towards a lunar robotic village with strong opportunities for science and exploration, and preparation for humans. We shall discuss EPSC community inputs developing ILEWG/COSPAR, ISECG and other global roadmaps for robotic/human exploration. How can the community support and prepare for upcoming lunar landers or orbital missions? The workshop will include the discussion of strategic measurements needed for exploration, and of possible science, instruments, terrestrial field work and simulation preparations. 2. ILEWG report The International Lunar Exploration Working Group (ILEWG) was established in April 1995 at a meeting in Hamburg, Germany. As established in its charter, this working group reports to COSPAR and is charged with developing an international strategy for the exploration of the Moon. It discusses coordination between missions, and a road map for future international lunar exploration and utilisation. It fosters information exchange or potential and real future lunar robotic and human missions, as well as for new scientific and exploration information about the Moon. We refer to COSPAR and ILEWG ICEUM and lunar conferences and declarations [1-19], present the GLUC/ICEUM11 declaration and give a report on ongoing relevant ILEWG community activities. We discuss how lunar missions SMART-1, Kaguya, Chang'E1&2, Chandrayaan-1, LCROSS, LRO, GRAIL, LADEE, Chang'E3 and upcoming missions contribute to lunar exploration objectives & roadmap.


A 50-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of a mildly itchy plaque on his right forearm. There was no history of trauma, insect bite or systemic symptoms. Physical examination revealed a single well-defined erythematous infiltrated shiny plaque approximately 60 9 40 mm in size with central crusting, multiple yellowish irregularly shaped structures within the plaque, and satellite papules (Fig. 1a). Dermoscopy (Dermlite DL4; 3Gen Inc., San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA) in polarized mode revealed erosion covered with yellow crust, background erythema, yellow teardrop structures and hairpin vessels (Fig. 1b). A diagnosis of localized acute cutaneous leishmaniasis was made. The patient was treated with oral ketoconazole 200 mg twice daily, which led to the resolution of the lesion with scar formation after 6 months of treatment. The patient remained diseasefree for next 6 weeks; however, at this point he sustained trauma to the scar site, leading to purpura and reappearance of erythematous shiny papules after about 4 weeks (Fig. 2a). Repeat dermoscopy of the relapsed lesions showed white starburst patterns and milia-like cysts (Fig. 2b). The patient was restarted on oral ketoconazole 200 mg twice daily, which resulted in complete clearance of the lesions in 12 weeks, thus oral ketoconazole was stopped. Histopathological findings


Background: Since biodiesel (BD) combustion produces less particulate matter than diesel (D), BD exposure is expected to cause less adverse effects on allergic asthma. However, limited data is available regarding BD health effects. Objective: This study was designed to determine whether biodiesel exhaust (BDE) exposure in a mouse model of allergic asthma shows different effects on inflammatory and functional responses compared to DE exposure. Methods: BALb/c mice were sensitized weekly with 100µg HDM dissolved in 50 µL of PBS, or solely PBS. From day 9 till day 17 they were exposed daily to filtered air, 600 µg/m 3 diesel emissions or 600 µg/m 3 BD emissions. Total and differential BAL cell counts, BAL cytokine levels and lung function were assessed 24 hours after the last exposure. Results: Total cell counts of sensitized mice exposed to diesel (DS) were significantly higher than both sensitized mice exposed to filtered air (FAS) and biodiesel (BDS) (p=0.021; p=0.03 respectively). This was also evident in differential cell counts for neutrophils (p=0.005; p=0.004) and macrophages (p=0.01; p=0.036 respectively). IL1β showed a significant increase for DS compared to FAS (p=0.009), and control mice exposed to diesel (DC) showed higher IL1β levels than control mice exposed to filtered air (FAC) (p=0.042). There were no significant differences between DE and BDE exposures. Airway hyperresponsiveness in control groups was lower in BDE exposed mice as compared to DE. Sensitized mice remained similar. Conclusion: The results indicate that BDE has less effect on inflammatory and functional parameters than DE in both allergic asthmatic and control mice.


A new ligand N-((E)-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene)cyclohexanamine (L A ) having nitrogen and oxygen atoms was synthesized from cyclohexylamine with piperonaldehyde the yield was 75.8%. Metal complexes were synthesized were prepared by reaction of the new ligand with the copper (II), cobalt (II) as nitrate salts and with rhodium (III) as chloride salt. All the new compounds were characterized using different physico-chemical techniques including NMR spectrometry UV-Visible, magnetic susceptibility, IR spectroscopy, molar conductance, and Metal content. The paramagnetic copper complex and cobalt complex are proposed to adopt square planner and octahedral geometry respectively while diamagnetic rhodium complex shows octahedral geometry ,


The objective of wireless location is to determine the mobile station (MS) location in a wireless cellular communications system. When signals are propagated through non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths, the measurements at the base stations (BSs) contain large errors which result in poor detectability of an MS by the surrounding BSs. In those situations, it is necessary to integrate all available heterogeneous measurements to improve location accuracy. This paper presents hybrid methods that combine time of arrival (TOA) at three BSs and angle of arrival (AOA) information at the serving BS to obtain a location estimate for the MS. The proposed methods mitigate the NLOS effect by using the weighted sum of the intersections between three TOA circles and the AOA line without requiring the a priori knowledge of NLOS error statistics. Numerical results show that all positioning methods offer improved estimation accuracy over those which rely on the two circles and two lines. The proposed methods always achieve better location accuracy than the Taylor series algorithm (TSA) and the hybrid lines of position algorithm (HLOP) do, regardless of the NLOS error statistics.


A list of 209 rust species recorded from East Himalaya, southeastern Xizang during a survey in 1982—1983 is given, Among them 15 species are described as new ones and 28 species are new records for China. All speciments are kept in the Herbarium Mycologicum Instituti Micribiologici Academiae Sinicae, Beijing.


Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples: Nutrition, Botany, and Use. Harriet V. Kuhnlein and Nancy J. Turner. Volume 8 in the Food and Nutrition in History and Anthropology Series, edited by Solomon Katz. New York and Philadelphia: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1991. Pp. xi, 620. 48 figures, 3 maps. $88.00 (hardbound), $38.00 for individuals who are members of Science and Arts Society. ISBN 2-88124-465-3.


Building Sustainable Behavior through Social Marketing: Encouraging Reusable Shopping Bag Use at Stadium Thriftway in Tacoma, WA – A Case Study


There are some issues in The Yangtze River Economic Belt on the construction of transport facilities such as unbalanced development,incompatible with economic development,and so on.So we should make the Yangtze River as main pumping and make the construction of the Yangtze River Shipping as the key.Accelerate the construction of the river railways,highways and other transportation facilities.To become fast,supporting and unimpeded west-east traffic artery.Another,we should build some vertical radiation north-south railway and highway transport facilities.To become efficient,unimpeded and reasonable three-dimensional transportation system.Thus to realize the coordinated development of the Economical Belt traffic of theYangtze River.


Abstract— This paper presents a study of a three-phase transverse flux generator with permanent magnets to be applied to low speeds sources of energy. One type of low speeds energy is offshore wind systems, the exploration of this kind of source is characterized by adverse environmental conditions and very low working speeds, resulting high forces. Therefore the main concerns are the maintenance costs and the generator reliability. The use of direct drive generators instead of generators with gearboxes reduce the founts of failure and, with a large number of poles, raises the electrical frequency and reduces the number of parts in the machine. This study consists on an analysis of the electromagnetic, thermodynamics and mechanicals characteristics of one topology and its possible design. It was built a model in order to demonstrate and understand the mechanical issues emerge to the topology studied and were suggested some mechanical solutions to the future construction of a prototype.


We consider an agent-based model (ABM) for integrated pest management (IPM). The model incorporates stage structure for both the pest species and the predator species. The two control strategies of augmentation of the predator species and application of pesticide and the pest births occur periodically at possibly different frequencies. Moreover, the amount of augmentation depends on the ratio of the population densities of the pests and predators. We determine conditions under which pest eradication occurs and under which both species persist. We further investigate how varying the frequencies of the control strategies affects the amounts pesticide and augmentation needed to obtain pest eradication or persistence. To provide further insight to the dynamics of the ABM, we compare the model to analogous impulsive differential equation model that exhibits similar behavior, for which we prove conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the pest eradication solution and the permanence of the systems.


Defects of components of road-building machines operating in a humid environment and in a contact with different liquids have been analyzed. It is found out that the main defects of the components operating in a humid environment are corrosion, cracks in body components, blowholes and malfunction of hole geometry. Traditional methods for removal of the defects, as well as the possibility of the use of polymer composites materials for repair of components of road-building machines operating in a humid environment are described.


A new technology for coring of weakly consolidated sediment is proposed. The technology includes the original coring system and the way it is operated. The technology is based on a number of original solutions: 1) unification of the elements of the drill string, where household pipes made of PVC are used as a sampler and rods; 2) the use of the valve mechanism of a simple conical construction; 3) the method of vertical freezing of the core in open air. The coring system makes it possible to obtain the cores of the bottom sediment in winter from ice at a depth of up to 710 meters. Field tests have shown that the proposed system is inexpensive, easy to assemble and operate, but at the same time very effective and reliable. The new system can be as an alternative or complement to existing systems for coring of bottom sediments.


Free-standing nanowire arrays were fabricated by a simple and controllable method.Metal nanowire arrays of Cu,Ag and Au were electrodeposited using cyclic voltammetry with assistance of anodic aluminum oxide template.Scanning electron microscope(SEM) results demonstrated that the percentage of pore filling was very high.X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns of metal nanowries were indexed to face-centered cubic structure.Aspect ratio of nanowire arrays can be tuned by changing the electrodeposition time in cyclic voltammetry.After the template was removed,the nanowire arrays with a high aspect ratio normally collapse into an entangled mess.While the high density and free-standing nanowire arrays can be easily obtained on the conductive substrate when the aspect ratio of nanowire is in a range.


An integrated approach for efficiently coupling thermal and stress analyses of structures with radiation heat transfer is presented. A new integrated one dimensional element based on a nodeless variable formulation is introduced. Lumped and consistent formulations of the nonlinear radiation heat transfer matrix are presented. The accuracy of the integrated approach is assessed by comparisons with analytical solutions and conventional finite element thermal-structural analyses. Results show that the nodeless variable thermal element yields accuracy equivalent to a higher order element but permits a common discretization with a lower order congruent structural element. The integrated element thus provides improved accuracy and efficiency of thermal stress analysis for structures with complex temperature distributions.


Comparative numerical analysis of electromagnetic processes in the end zone of powerful turbogenerators has been carried out at changes in reactive load from rated duty to underexcitation, as well as performance parameters of static overload that determine the stability of synchronous operation of turbogenerators in the power system. It was demonstrated that the representation of magnetic field sources and calculation results in the form of rotating waves allows simplifying and speeding up the solution of threedimensional electromagnetic problems in the turbogenerator end zone. Using a previously developed calculation method, the electromagnetic fields and processes in over- and underexcitation modes, in particular, peculiarities of shielding in turbogenerators are studied. It was established that the added losses and electrodynamic forces in underexcitation modes acting on the outermost core packages, pressure plate, and stator shield increased by 1.5–3.0 times, resulting in accelerated aging of the turbogenerator end zone. An appropriate margin shall be provided in the cooling system and the structural design of the turbogenerator end zone. Static overload capacity in nominal conditions is determined by the ratio of maximum power to rated power. An analytical functional relationship between static overload capacity and load conditions was established. It was demonstrated that when switching to the underexcitation mode while maintaining the active load due to a decrease in the excitation current and maximum power, the static overload factor decreases to unity, that there is virtually no static stability margin of the turbogenerator in this mode. Calculations were made for turbogenerators with a capacity of 200–1111 MVA. It is recommended to limit the operation of turbogenerators in underexcitation modes and to use specialized compensators more extensively.


The paper shows that the waves of anomalous amplitude are long-lived formations. They drift in the direction of the wave motion with the group velocity of the wave packet, which is half the phase velocity of the main wave. The swing of the wave (the distance from the hump to the trough) of the anomalous amplitude is more than three times the average value of the sweep of the wave motion. The modulation instability of this wave form a perturbation spectrum, the energy of which is twice the energy of the main wave in the developed process mode. The spatial size of the wave packet practically does not change, the amplitude of the swing in the maximum first increases, then gradually decreases. The number of such waves in areas of strong wind exposure is much larger than the statistics of random interference processes allow. This is due to the influence of the main wave (its amplitude remains noticeably greater than the amplitudes of each of the modes of the wave packet) on the behavior of each pair of modes from the wave packet of the perturbation. In the laboratory system, the duration of the anomalous wave coincides qualitatively with the time of existence of the Peregrin autowave. Although the Peregrin autowave corresponds to a different physical reality, where the dispersion of the wave is weak. Gravitational surface waves have a strong dispersion, and the NSE equation in this case is noticeably modified. However, in rest system of the wave packet (moving relative to the laboratory system) the abnormal amplitude wave lifetime is much longer. The distance that the wave packet travels with a persisting anomalous sweep is at least equal to several hundred wavelengths and can reach hundreds of kilometers. A simple calculation of such waves by means of space monitoring due to the small viewing area (frame) may be inaccurate. Once formed, such waves are able to drift over considerable distances. However, they may well get into the next frame of view. That is, estimates of the number of such waves can be overestimated.


Objective
To understand the implementation effects of control measures and the dynamic prevalence of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Shandong Province.

Methods
From 2013 to 2017 in Shandong Province drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas, in accordance with the method of simple random sampling, 10 monitored counties were selected, 10 water fluorine decreasing projects were investigated of its running effect, and water fluoride was detected. In each monitored county, 3 villages in the diseased areas were selected as fixed monitored villages. If the monitored village had changed its water, the operation of the project would be investigated. If the monitored village had not changed the water, one water sample would be collected according to 5 directions of east, west, south, north and middle to determine the water fluorine. All children aged from 8 to 12 in the village were also examined for dental fluorosis. X-ray fluorosis and urinary fluorosis in adults aged over 25 were detected in 2013 and 2017.

Results
From 2013 to 2017, in monitored counties, the normal operation rate of improved-water defluoridation projects was 99.19% (368/371), the qualified rate of water fluoride content was 66.85% (248/371). In 128 improved water projects, the normal operation rate was 100.00% (128/128), the qualified rate of water fluoride content was 67.19% (86/128). The average detection rate of dental fluorosis and community fluorosis index (CFI) in children aged 8 - 12 were 33.92% (2 608/7 689) and 0.68 in all monitored counties from 2013 to 2017. The detection rate presented a declining trend year by year (χ2= 152.47 P < 0.01). The average detection rate and CFI in the villages with normal operation projects and qualified fluoride content were 26.10% (1 311/5 023) and 0.47. The detection rate presented a declining trend year by year (χ2= 207.67 P < 0.01). The detection rate and CFI in the villages with water improvement projects under abnormal operation or excessive fluoride were 48.65% (1 297/2 666) and 0.90. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in the villages with normal operation projects and qualified fluoride content was lower than the rate of the villages with water improvement projects under abnormal operation or excessive fluoride (χ2= 193.98, P < 0.01). In 2013 and 2017, X-ray detection rates of skeletal fluorosis in adults aged over 25 were 8.04% (119/1 481) and 6.04% (81/1 342), respectively. The adult urinary fluoride geometric mean values (1.24, 1.49 mg/L) were lower than the normal limit of 1.6 mg/L both in qualified villages of water fluoride content and exceeding-standard villages in 2017.

Conclusions
In Shandong Province, the effective water improvement has acquired some effects in control of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis. But the water fluoride content of improved water defluoridation projects exceeds the national standard seriously and fluorosis has not been effectively controlled.

Key words:
Fluoride poisoning; Health survey; Rural area; Drinking water


Suzaku observed results of Cyg X-2 are reported. Cyg X-2 is a Low-Mass X-ray Binary (LMXB) with a weakly-magnetized neutron star (NS) and its luminosity is always close to the Eddington luminosity. Suzaku observed the source in the normal branch (NB) and flaring branch (FB). Seven spectra were extrated according to different positions in the color-color diagram. The continuum of these spectra is moderately well described with the Eastern model, a conbination of soft disk blackbody and hard black body emission. However, all the spectra have broad excess around 1 keV. This excess cannot be explained with the contribution of dust scattering and is thought to be related with the source itself, since comparison of spectra come from including and excluding the central core of the X-ray image does not show any difference in their spectral shape. The broad excess can be represented by either a broad Gaussian with the center energy of ∼ 0.7 keV or a blackbody model with the temperature of ∼ 0.2 keV. When the broad Gaussian model is applied to all the 7 spectra, the center energy and width are obtained as almost constant at 0.7 keV and 340 eV, respectively, and the equivalent width is 170 – 300 eV which increases continuously from NB to FB. The equivalent width obtained by Suzaku is much larger than the total of narrow lines detected by previous grating observations. In additon, if the line is assumed to be broad, the estimated line emitting region becomes too close to the NS to prevent ions from the fullyphotoionized plasma. These results indicate that the 1 keV excess cannot be explained by the line components physically. Therefore, we suppose that this excess is represented by the 0.2 keV blackbody component. Such a temperature is lower than neither that of the NS surface (∼ 2 keV) nor the innermost temperature of the accretion disk (∼ 1 keV), the 0.2 keV emission is thought to be from the outer part of the disk. This interpretation is consistent with the picture of a slim disk, where the relative flux from the outer disk (the lower temperature emission) to that from the inner part increases compared with the standard disk.


The fabrication of robots and their embedded systems is challenging due to the complexity of the interacting components. The integration of additive manufacturing (AM) to robotics has made advancements in robotics manufacturing through sophisticated and state-of-the-art AM technologies and materials. With the emergence of 3D printing, 3D printing materials are also being considered and engineered for specific applications. This study reviews different 3D printing materials for 3D printing embedded robotics. Materials such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), flexible photopolymers, silicone, and elastomer-based materials were found to be the most used 3D printing materials due to their suitability for robotic applications. This review paper revealed that the key areas requiring more research are material formulations for improved mechanical properties, cost, and the inclusion of materials for specific applications. Future perspectives are also provided.


www.escholarship.org/uc/item/56v8v1kp UCB Paleoethnobotany Lab Report #62 Analysis of Macrobotanical Remains from Rancho Ires, Site CR-337 Prepared by Shanti Morell-Hart, U.C. Berkeley Introduction: This report summarizes the results of the macrobotanical analysis of flotation samples recovered from excavation at the archaeological site CR-337, Rancho Ires, Honduras. The samples analyzed include several taken from various loci during excavations carried out during the 2003 field season. Bulk sediment samples were recovered from the excavation units and floated during the same field season. The floated ("Light Fraction") materials were sorted at the University of California at Berkeley Paleoethnobotany Lab. Unfortunately, few taxa were recovered in the sorting process, and many of these could not be identified, due to the generally poor preservation of the macrobotanical materials. Botanical materials were classified into general categories of Wood, Lumps (mostly parenchymous tissue), Seeds, Other, and Unidentifiable. Taxa in the Arecaceae, Cactaceae, Poaceae, Solanaceae, and Cyperaceae families were tentatively identified at the family, genus, or species level. The counts and weights of the suite of recovered botanical materials are here analyzed in relation to their various loci. The following pages summarize the field methods, laboratory methods, results, and conclusions of the paleoethnobotanical analysis. Methods: Field methods: Excavations at each locus proceeded according to the standard methodology employed by the Rancho Ires Project, and were conducted under the direction of Kira Blaisdell-Sloan. Sediment samples were taken from each excavated locus and bagged. The volume of each of these sediment samples varied from 4.5 to 10.0 liters. After excavations, the bulk sediment samples were floated in a modified SMAP machine during the 2003 field season, under the direction of Kira Blaisdell-Sloan. In the course of this process, each sample was divided into Light and Heavy Fractions. A Flotation Log was maintained for this procedure. After flotation, each sample was thoroughly dried, then labeled and inserted into a plastic bag. The bags were labeled with provenance information and the contents (Heavy Fraction or Light Fraction). The Light and Heavy fractions were both eventually removed to the University of California at Berkeley Paleoethnobotany Lab, although only the Light Fraction has been analyzed at this time. Laboratory methods: Once in the laboratory, the Light Fraction samples were weighed. The samples varied in weight from 0.32 to 2.61 grams. Each of the nine Light Fraction samples was then assigned a flotation and sort number, in each case as a single Site-Flotation Number string. The Light Fraction samples (hereafter simply referred to as the "samples") were divided with the use of brass geological screens into four particle sizes: >2mm, 1-2 mm,


Any medically qualified personnel with a General Medical Council approved degree. You must also have one year's full time ophthalmology experience to be eligible for the exam.

In November 2002, during my first year as a locum senior house officer in ophthalmology. I had more than two years of ophthalmology experience in India.

Because I wanted to get the feel of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) exam before going in for the Part 2 exam. Moreover, a …


In this article, we take the 1/4 vehicle model as an example, according to the requirements of the driving performance of vehicles. We establishes the dynamic model of the vehicle, and use the linear quadratic optimal control theory to design the LQG controller of the active suspension, and use MATLAB/simulink to simulate the vehicle dynamic model. The results show that the active suspension with LQG controller has a good effect on the improvement of vehicle running stability and riding comfort.


A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Quantum information processing with a Josephson ring modulator NICOLAS BERGEAL, FLAVIUS SCHACKERT, MICHAEL METCALFE, R. VIJAY, VLADIMIR MANUCHARYAN, LUIGI FRUNZIO, ROBERT SCHOELKOPF, STEVEN GIRVIN, MICHEL DEVORET, Yale University — We have developed and operated a new type of phase preserving parametric amplifier, the Josephson Parametric Converter, which approaches the quantum limit. Our device consists of two microwave resonators coupled to each other through a Josephson Ring Modulator. This latter element resembles a DC-SQUID, but has four junctions, and four active current modes instead of two. A pump line is nonresonantly coupled to one of the modes of the ring while the signal and idler are serviced by two others and are tuned in the band of the resonators. The fourth mode, which is the dc superconducting circulating current in the ring, is biased with half a flux quantum. Our design ensures that the non-linearity presented by the Ring Modulator is pure and involves the minimal number of modes, thus placing the JPC very close to the ideal non-degenerate parametric amplifier. This is supported by recent results on the amplification and frequency conversion operations. Furthermore, measurements of the noise temperature with an auto-calibrated source based on a nanowire in the hot electron regime will be presented. In combination with correlation measurements of the noise at the signal and idler ports, these results show that the JPC can perform two-mode squeezing of quantum noise. Flavius Schackert Yale University Date submitted: 21 Nov 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


In the European Parliament seats are distributed according to a principle of degressive proportionality that privileges smaller member states. While serving the principle of state equality, this arrangement seems to violate the principle of citizen equality. In this article, I consider whether a deviation from the equal representation of citizens can be justified in the context of a supranational political community. The main thesis is that the conflict between citizen and state equality can be dissolved if we understand the European Union as based on a pouvoir constituant mixte. Today, each European finds herself in a dual role as an EU citizen and a state citizen. While the member state peoples strive for supranational democracy, they have an interest in preserving their domestic structures of self-government. Thus, the rules of representation in the EP can be reconstructed as an expression of the legitimate will of a dual constituent subject.


Transient simulations of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are performed in which a deep donor and a deep acceptor are considered in a semi-insulating buffer layer. Quasi-pulsed I-V curves are derived from the transient characteristics, and are compared with steady-state I-V curves. It is shown that the lag phenomena and current collapse could be reproduced. Particularly, the gate lag is correlated with relatively high source access resistance of the FETs. The current collapse is shown to bemore pronounced when the deep-acceptor density in the buffer layer is higher and when an off-state drain voltage is higher, because trapping effects become more significant. It is suggested that to minimize current collapse in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, an acceptor density in the buffer layer should be made low, although the current cutoff behavior may be degraded. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Introduction MPRAGE is a widely used pulse sequence for 3D T1-weighted anatomical imaging consisting of an inversion recovery (IR) pulse followed by a rapid gradient echo readout. Unlike at lower field strengths, it has been reported that the blood appears extremely bright in MPRAGE at 7 Tesla, and provides excellent vascular information [1,2]. However, the mechanism for this has not been completely explained. Others have optimized MPRAGE parameters to maximize the amount of blood inflow enhancement and background tissue suppression, at the expense of T1-weighted anatomical image quality [2]. The present work aims to explain the primary source of bright blood MPRAGE at 7 Tesla, and based on this understanding proposes a new technique providing simultaneous high-resolution T1 MPRAGE imaging and non-contrast angiography with excellent background suppression. Methods Simulations of the MPRAGE pulse sequence were performed to compare the signal levels of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), CSF, and blood at 3T and 7T, both with and without the presence of IR pulses. The T1 values for the simulation were taken from the literature [3]. The adiabatic inversion pulse in MPRAGE is optimized to give uniform inversion in the presence of B1 inhomogeneity. Slab-selectivity is not required for good image quality, so it is common to use non-selective IR pulses. Slice-selective adiabatic IR pulses designed for 2D imaging (i.e. FLAIR) will not give good slab-selectivity if simply extended to a large 3D slab-thickness, because of the resulting extremely weak slab-selective gradient. So in practice, IR pulses in MPRAGE are usually effectively non-selective. However, if the reference gradient used in the design of the adiabatic IR pulse is increased, the slab-selectivity can be greatly improved. An MPRAGE pulse sequence was implemented using such an optimized slab-selective IR pulse. Experiments were performed at 3 and 7 Tesla (Siemens Trio a Tim System and MAGNETOM 7T). Identical protocols were run on each system, as well as protocols using the TI/TR/FA that provide optimal MPRAGE anatomical image quality. The RF coils used were: 3T CP birdcage transmit-receive (Tx-Rx) head coil, 3T 12-channel phased array Rx-only head coil (Siemens), 7T 8-channel phased array Tx-Rx head coil (Rapid). A high quality MPRAGE protocol used for structural imaging (1mm isotropic voxels, 10 minute scan time) was modified to run in approximately half the time using iPAT=2. Two measurements were performed, one with a non-selective IR pulse and the other with the improved slab-selective IR pulse. The two measurements were then averaged to restore the SNR of the original longer scan without iPAT, so that it could still be used for high quality structural imaging. The two measurements were also subtracted to yield an image of only the inflowing blood with the stationary tissue suppressed. Results and Discussion An often proposed explanation for the increased blood brightness in MPRAGE at 7 Tesla is the longer blood T1 at higher field. However, this would actually have the opposite effect, because the longer the T1 the quicker the blood will saturate during the gradient echo readout, and the slower the longitudinal magnetization will recover for a given TR. The purpose of using gadolinium-based contrast agents for angiography is to decrease the T1 of blood so that it will not saturate as quickly to make blood brighter, which is contrary to the idea that a longer T1 at 7T explains bright blood MPRAGE. A major difference between research 7T scanners and clinical 3T scanners is the lack of body RF transmit coils at 7T, while at 3T it is most common to use a body RF coil for transmit and a local receive-only head array coil for signal reception. At 3T, a non-selective IR pulse will be transmitted by the body coil and will invert blood far outside the imaging volume, including the neck, aorta, and even the heart. At 7T, a non-selective IR pulse will be transmitted by the head coil and will only be able to invert blood within reach of this local coil. Typically, 7T head coils do not reach inferior to the cerebellum. This means that with a Tx-Rx head coil a non-selective IR pulse is effectively a slab-selective IR pulse. Fig. 1 shows a numerical simulation of signal values over the MPRAGE gradient echo readout for typical T1 values at 3 Tesla. The blood signal brightness will be between CSF (dark on T1 weighted images) and gray-matter. However, if the blood does not experience an IR pulse, it will be much brighter for most of the readout. It can also be seen that the blood signal saturates slightly faster at 7T, as expected because of the longer T1. It was found that for all protocols at 3T, the blood was much brighter throughout the head when using a Tx-Rx head coil. The bright blood did not persist as far superiorly in the brain compared to 7T, because the 3T Tx-Rx coil had a larger RF coverage compared to 7T and was still inverting blood beyond the imaging volume when using an effectively non-selective IR pulse. Only when using the optimized slab-selective IR pulse did the blood vessels become as bright at 3T as on 7T, regardless of the coil used at 3T. Fig. 2 depicts an axial slice near the midbrain using the 3T Rx-only head coil, using the non-selective and the improved slab-selective IR pulses. The average of the two images is shown, demonstrating a high SNR anatomical image. The difference images are shown in Fig. 3 as sagittal, coronal, and axial minimum intensity projections with excellent vessel enhancement and background suppression. There is no blood signal loss in the vertebral arteries as often seen in traditional time-of-flight scans, because here vessel enhancement is due primarily to inflow of un-inverted blood signal. In conclusion, the primary source of bright blood MPRAGE at 7T has been explained, and a new method yielding simultaneous high-quality T1 images and non-contrast angiography has been demonstrated at 3T. References [1] Maderwald, MAGMA 2008 21:159-67. [2] Zwanenburg, JMRI 28:1519-1526 (2008). [3] Rooney, MRM 57:308-318 (2007).


The generation of thiirenes in the thermal and photochemical nitrogen elimination of 1,2,3-thiadiazoles is discussed in relation to oxirene formation. Isotope labelling experiments were performed with 4-phenyl-[4-13C]-1,2,3-thiadiazole (7) as the substrate.


Introduction Japan is the most endemic of the developed nations in terms of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Japan has been tackling HTLV-1 infection and has made remarkable progress. In ophthalmology, awareness of the association between HTLV-1 infection and uveitis has been increasing since the 1990s, when the relationship was first established. Here, we describe a nationwide survey and analysis of the current state of medical care for HTLV-1-associated uveitis (HAU) at ophthalmic facilities in Japan. Methods A questionnaire survey covered all university hospitals in Japan that were members of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society and all regional core facilities that were members of the Japanese Ocular Inflammation Society. Survey data were collected, and nationwide data on the state of medical care for HAU were tallied and analysed. Results Of the 115 facilities, 69 (60.0%) responded. HAU was most commonly diagnosed 'based on blood tests and characteristic ophthalmic findings'. Overall, 86.8% of facilities perform testing for HTLV-1 antibodies during medical care for diagnosing uveitis, with 58.3% routinely performing testing. Facilities with experience in providing medical care for HAU accounted for 67.6%. The survey also revealed that 85.5% of facilities had seen no decrease in the number of patients with HAU. Conclusions In the two decades since the establishment of HAU as a pathological entity, the majority of facilities in Japan have started performing testing for HTLV-1 antibodies when considering differential diagnoses for uveitis. Our data suggest that providing information on HTLV-1 infection to ophthalmologists in Japan has been successfully implemented.


A compact micro strip patch antenna became a very useful in communication systems. Properties such as compactness, light weight, high bandwidth make it a good candidate of communication system. This paper reviews the performance analysis of bandwidth enhancement of a monopole patch antenna with V-shaped slot for car-to-car and WLAN communications (2016), omnidirectional wideband E-shaped cylindrical patch antennas (2016), design of wideband/dualband E-shaped patch antennas with the transmission line mode theory (2016), patch size reduction of rectangular micro strip antennas by means of a cuboid ridge (2015) and micro strip rectangular patch antenna for S and X Band Applications (2016). The paper also discusses the technology used in order to bring the required changes in terms of improved performance characteristics.


I will describe a label-free-biosensor that exploits the local surface-plasmon-resonance of noble metal nanostructures; and a polymer-brush-interface on glass that abolishes non-specific adsorption leading to a femtomolar limit-of-detection of protein analytes in whole blood.


to biomechanical deformation and peripheral neuropathy, and this risk was associated with older age and greater pain symptomatology. LH and FSH were within normal ranges (1.2mIU/mL and 4.2mIU/ mL, respectively). TSH, though still elevated (47.35mU/ mL; n=0.3-4.7mU/mL), was significantly reduced compared to the prior measurement (1620mU/mL). Serum levels of Free T4 increased to 1.06mcg/mL (n=4.9-11.4mcg/mL). Levothyroxine was titrated up and a repeated pituitary MRI demonstrated a significant decrease in the size of the mass with resolution of the suprasellar extension and mass effect on the optic chiasm. Further, the patient's menses ceased and thelarche resolved upon correction of T4 and regression of the pituitary mass. Conclusions: While rare, primary hypothyroidism and TSH-driven pituitary hyperplasia can result in a large mass effect with suprasellar extension, causing secondary hyperprolactinemia by a mass effect and central precocious puberty. This case highlights the benefits for evaluating underlying hypothyroidism as a cause for hyperprolactinemia and sellar/suprasellar mass.


Objective To investigate the synergistic effects of Herceptin and 9-cis-RA on the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Methods MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells were treated with 5 μg/ml Herceptin or 1 μmol/L 9-cis-RA or both for 24, 48 or 72 h. The proliferation of MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells was determined by MTT, the pro-apoptotic effects were detected by TUNEL, the cell cycle phase was detected by FCM. Results As compared with control group, Herceptin and 9-cis-RA synergistically inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells, and the percentage of G_ 0 /G_ 1 cells increased after treatment with Herceptin and 9-cis-RA for 72 h. Simultaneously, Herceptin and 9-cis-RA synergistically induced the apoptosis of MDA-MB-453 cells. Conclusion Herceptin and 9-cis-RA could synergistically and effectively inhibit MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells by blocking their cell cycle progression and inducing their apoptosis.


This paper presents a time-efficient 4-bits carry select adder (CSA) using the arithmetic A2 redundant binary representation. This structure is very suitable for implementation in VLSI of simple mixed-signal neural networks with on-chip learning. This adder is based on a classical weighted binary carry-select adder with two input/output trans-coders. Comparisons with another FPGA-based A2 adder show that the proposed CMOS structure offers a significant increase in speed, while consuming a little more area.


The biochemical mechanisms of action available in the diet in the summer of coffee sludge on metabolic processes in the body and productive performance of cows are poorly understood. The purpose of the study was to metabolism of nitrogenous compounds in liquid capacious rumen, milk production and composition of milk cows in the presence of the coffee slurry in the diet in the summer. Higher levels of fat obtained by the addition to the diet of cows coffee sludge. Cows fed feed consisting of coffee slurry in an amount of 8 and 16%. Established that the average daily feed of cows in the body, which together with the young grasses and legumes and forage fed coffee sludge reported in 4.2 and 11.2% more neutral detergent and 4.5 and 12.2% acid detergent fiber. Feeding cows coffee sludge results in reduction of nitrogen ammonia and amino nitrogen in their liquid roomy scar regardless of time relative to the start of feeding. Thus, the amount of protein nitrogen in the rumen fluid of cows increased research at the 10th hour from the start of feeding, and general – to 7–10th. As a result of feeding the young grass, fodder and coffee sludge cows increased average daily milk yield. At the same time research in the milk of cows increased protein, fat and lactose. The most pronounced effect on the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds in the rumen of cows and productive performance makes extra feeding cows with young grasses and legumes and forage, coffee slurry in an amount of 16% by weight of feed.


This paper describes the design of RF link between RSE and OBU of ETCS and the analysis of the antenna beam pattern to get a proper communication area in the cross direction and traveling direction of lanes. This stage should be performed prior to determination of system requirements of ITS service based on active DSRC. This study is important and fundamental technical analysis to design and implement base station of ETCS.


A 44 year-old female, known to have Li-Fraumeni syndrome, was discovered to have a retroperitoneal mass on surveillance ultrasound. Computerized tomography revealed a 2.0 cm non-cystic, enhancing soft tissue mass abutting the postero-superior margin of the right kidney. She underwent radical nephrectomy, adrenalectomy and en bloc resection of the tumor. Pathology showed a grade I, well-differentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma with negative surgical margins. She recovered well from surgery and continues to remain recurrence free at 12 months based on serial CT imaging.


BHOLA D. PANTH has produced a book with the above title, published by the Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1944 (pp. 138), which supplies an excellent account of the calendar, and also shows the great difficulties that beset the path of those who desire calendar reform. Details concerning the basic concepts of ancient calendars among the Babylonians, Egyptians, Hebrews, Mohammedans and others will prove helpful to many, more especially as such information is no longer supplied in every issue of the Nautical Almanac. Chapter 4 is devoted to a consideration of various proposals for calendar improvement. Reference to some of these proposals has been made in Nature (153, 229; 1944), and it is unnecessary to deal further with the different suggestions made to simplify our calendar. The Special Committee of Enquiry into the Reform of the Calendar of the League of Nations in 1926, in Geneva, received 185 plans from 33 different countries, and although this was evidence of keen interest in the subject, it also showed that a certain amount of opposition is inevitable whatever plan be adopted. It does not seem highly probable that the nations of the world are yet prepared to accept any particular scheme, though some reform on the lines indicated in this book would certainly simplify matters in many ways. At the end of the book there is a short table which enables the reader to determine the day of the week by the Julian Calendar, A.D. 1–2099, or by the Gregorian Calendar, A.D. 1582–2099.


ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cost evaluation is a key tool in monitoring expenditure for budget management. It increases the efficiency of possible changes through identifying potential savings and estimating the resources required to make such changes. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the total cost of hospitalization up to the clinical outcome, regarding patients admitted for kidney transplantation. Likewise, there is a lack of data on the factors that influence the amounts spent by hospital institutions and healthcare systems. OBJECTIVES: To describe the costs and determining factors relating to hospitalization of patients undergoing kidney transplantation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach based on secondary data from 81 patients who were admitted for kidney transplantation at a leading transplantation center in southern Brazil. METHODS: The direct costs of healthcare for patients who underwent kidney transplantation were the dependent variable, and included personnel, expenses, third-party services, materials and medicines. The factors that interfered in the cost of the procedure were indirect variables. The items that made up these variables were gathered from the records of the internal transplantation committee and from the electronic medical records. The billing sector provided information on the direct costs per patient. RESULTS: The estimated total cost of patients' hospitalization was R$ 1,257,639.11 (US$ 571,010.44). Out of this amount, R$ 1,237,338.31 (US$ 561,793.20) was paid by the Brazilian National Health System and R$ 20,300.80 (US$ 9,217.24) by the transplantation center's own resources. The highest costs related to the length of hospital stay and clinical complications such as sepsis and pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: The costs of hospitalization for kidney transplantation relate to the length of hospital stay and clinical complications.


Background: During recent years the wide availability of firearms has resulted in a sharp increase in the number of gunshot victims presenting with a wide variety of complicated wounds over the extremities. A limited number of local axial flaps can be used to cover these challenging defects. The use of perforator flaps has offered another option for local coverage. This study explored the use of ulnar artery perforator flaps in the coverage of firearm defects over the forearm and hand. Methods: This study included 6 patients presenting with firearm injuries, presenting with defects over the hand and forearm. Five patients presented with shotgun injuries from a close range, while one patient had a gun shot injury. The locations of ulnar artery perforators were detected by duplex studies and free style perforator flaps were then used to cover the defects. Results: Successful stable coverage was achieved in all 6 cases. Four cases healed uneventfully while minor complications were encountered in 2 cases in the form of partial loss and infection. Four cases were designed as propeller flaps and rotated 180o while 2 cases had a skin pedicle and were rotated 90o. Conclusion: Ulnar based perforator flaps offer a reliable method for reconstruction in the forearm and proximal hand. They are suitable in the treatment of cases that have suffered extensive soft tissue loss second to firearm injuries. The flaps are thin, pliable, and robust. The skin is not hirsute. The scar is relatively inconspicuous. It is also a one stage procedure and does not require the sacrifice of a main vessel.


The current air cargo environment and the relevance of advanced technology aircraft in enhancing the efficiency of the 1990 air cargo system are discussed. NASA preliminary design studies are shown to indicate significant potential gains in aircraft efficiency and operational economics for future freighter concepts. Required research and technology elements are outlined to develop a better base for evaluating advanced design concepts. Current studies of the market operation are reviewed which will develop design criteria for a future dedicated cargo transport. Design features desirable in an all-freighter design are reviewed. NASA-sponsored studies of large, distributed-load freighters are reviewed and these designs are compared to current wide-body aircraft. These concepts vary in gross takeoff weight from 0.5 Gg (one million lbs.) to 1.5 Gg (three million lbs.) and are found to exhibit economic advantages over conventional design concepts.


Various flood disasters in the last decade have confirmed that the risk from flooding has been increasing significantly worldwide. The driving factors for the risk are the unabated increase in global population, the concentration of people in high-risk areas such as coasts and flood plains, the rise in vulnerability of assets, infrastructure and social systems, and the consequences of climate change. Risk reduction is based on comprehensive risk management from identification of the hazard and assessing the risk to building defences. To achieve this, general awareness at all levels in a society is key. It is not suf- ficient merely to be aware of the situation - findings must be acted upon with no significant delay. Flood- related computations have progressed considerably in recent years, but model results can only be as good as their input data. Modelling floods and flood losses is very complex, as model parameters are subject to change during an event and conditions sometimes greatly depend on small-scale factors.


The proliferation of medical information online, without physicians or peer reviewers as gatekeepers, has made e-health an important focus for credibility research. Web 2.0, enabling lay users to contribute content, has complicated patients' challenge of deciding who to trust. To help inspire trust, an e-health website must convey a credible ethos in its homepage and other pages that constitute a user's first impression of a site. This chapter compares the visual and textual ethos strategies of three major e-health sites that represent a continuum from informational to interactive: a government site, a commercial site, and a patient social networking site. The findings reveal a variety of features, such as scientific imagery, privacy seals, and video of patient stories, that can ultimately contribute to an ethos based in expertise and/or in community. This study has implications for the design and evaluation of trustworthy e-health communication.


An attempt is made to show the consequences of a single European market. "Nineteen ninety-two" will have a significant effect on a firm's internal and external environment. Shifts in geographic segmentation strategies will occur and possible clustering of "Euro-Consumers" are also possibilities. In distribution, a concentration of buying and selling power had taken place, at different channel levels. More products may be sold under one (global) label, but their composition will have to take local preferences into account. Growith in "Euro-brands" will lead to advertising aimed more at the entire European market, aided by deregulation and advances in technology in the communications industry. However, we expect that there will only be a limited blending of habits, customs, and tastes, culminating in similar preferences and buying behavior.


Conventional design standards for urban drainage systems are not set to deal with extreme rainfall events. As these events are becoming more frequent, there is room for proposing new planning approaches and standards that are flexible enough to cope with a wide range of rainfall events. In this paper, a semi risk-based approach is presented as a simple and practical way for the analysis and management of rainfall flooding at the precinct scale. This approach uses various rainfall events as input parameters for the analysis of the flood hazard and impacts, and categorises the flood risk in different levels, ranging from very low to very high risk. When visualised on a map, the insight into the risk levels across the precinct will enable engineers and spatial planners to identify and prioritise interventions to manage the flood risk. The approach is demonstrated for a sewer district in the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, using a one-dimensional (1D)/two-dimensional (2D) flood model. The risk level of this area is classified as being predominantly very low or low, with a couple of locations with high and very high risk. For these locations interventions, such as disconnection and lowering street profiles, have been proposed and analysed with the 1D/2D flood model. The interventions were shown to be effective in reducing the risk levels from very high/high risk to medium/low risk.


Variable step size LMS(VS-LMS) algorithms improve the performance of the LMS algorithm by means of varying the step size. This paper presents a new VS-LMS algorithm using normalized absolute estimation error. Normalizing the estimation error to the expected value of the desired signal, we determined the step size using the relative size of estimation error. Because the parameter and computational load is less, our algorithm is easy to implement in hardware. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed theoretically and estimated through simulations. Based on the theoretical analysis and computer simulations, the proposed algorithm is shown to be effective compared to conventional VS-LMS algorithms.


The article analyzes primary meanings of architectural activity as the art of natural territories organization and reveals the philosophical and religious foundations of a building culture. It then discusses evolutionary and revolutionary historical processes of the development and degradation of the skill of architects and planners. The crisis in the functioning of the profession of architect and urban planner of modern times is being acknowledged. The necessity of returning to the traditions of cultivation of architecture with the aim of returning it its high status in the system of the arts on the new basis is being


This research investigates the variables affecting Malaysian consumers' continuous intention to utilise food delivery mobile applications. The target population is Malaysian mobile app users 18 years old and above with an online food ordering experience. The Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) and SPSS were used to scrutinise the data collected. Through the Google form URLs posted on social media, 275 complete survey surveys were gathered. The study's findings showed that system quality, service quality, and information quality significantly affect customer satisfaction. Subsequently, customer satisfaction greatly impacts how likely people are to use mobile applications for food delivery. Better consumer loyalty and higher customer repurchase intent would follow from this outcome. The IS success model was used in this research to analyse the continuous intention to utilise food delivery mobile applications since similar studies from the emerging country view remain underexplored. This research will help corporate executives create more effective marketing plans for targeting their market and expanding established consumer loyalty expertise in mobile app quality and customer demand.


Objective: To study effects of Boaiwan on inducing apoptosis and correlative gene expression of human hepatoma cell strain HepG-2.Method: Apoptosis of human hepatocarcinoma cell strain HpeG-2 was detected by using flow cytometer. Expression of correlative gene Bax, Bcl-2 and P53 were observed by using immunohistochemistry method.Results: (1) Apotosis rates(%) of HepG-2 cell were obviously higher than non-drug control-group (P0.05), after giving different efficacious concentrations as 10% and 15% of Boaiwan drug serum 48 hours. Apotosis rate of 15% Boaiwan drug serum group had no difference with the positive group (P0.05). (2) The three efficacious concentrations as 5%, 10% and 15% of Boaiwan drug serum could increase the expression of Bax and P53 genes, and had remarkable differences in comparison with which in non-drug control-group (P0.01). The effection of 15% Boaiwan drug serum group had no difference with the positive group (P0.05).Conclusion: Boaiwan drug serum could induce HepG-2 cell apoptosis and up-regulate the expression of Bax and P53 genes.


A field experiment was conducted during Summer and Kharif seasons of 2007-08 and 2008-09 at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India to study the effect of hand weeding and Pretilachlor 50 EC @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence on weed management of different varieties of hybrid and high yielding rice. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications for both the years. It has been observed that Pretilachlor 50 EC @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 has a significant effect to control complex weed flora both in hybrid and high yielding varieties of rice but hand weeding twice gave the better result as expected. Among the varieties, the hybrid varieties recorded 36% and 32% more grain yield in Summer and Kharif seasons respectively than high yielding varieties (HYV). The high yielding variety 6444 (V2) showed more grain yield during Summer and Kharif seasons than that of the hybrid 6129 (V1), 97158 (V6), and 96110 (V3), respectively. Regarding weed management, hand weeding twice recorded (13% & 36%) higher grain yield during Summer than that of the chemical treatment and unweeded check, and (20% & 42%) during Kharif seasons respectively. Among the interaction, hand weeding combined with all varieties of hybrid rice recorded higher yield in comparison to other treatment combinations.


The book describes the author's new software package, called "The Virtual Leader". Although it does not seem so at the first glance (because of the rather formal cover design), this book attracts you like a good novel and as you start to read it then you read it every evening till you are through. In the book after the description of his earlier professional functions the author describes his way of thinking (and of course the contributions of his working team) that led him to the idea and the project described in the book. This is especially interesting for us, who are working on similar topics. You can compare his experience with your own and often they are strikingly similar in spite of the fact that we live in different parts of the world.


Two series of films has been prepared by using a new regime of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) in the region adjacent to the phase transition from amorphous to crystalline state. The photoelectronic properties of the films have been investigated as a function of crystalline fraction. In comparison with typical a-Si:H, these diphasic films with a crystalline fraction less than 0.3, show a similar optical absorption coefficient, higher mobility life-time product (/spl mu//spl tau/) and higher stability upon light soaking. By using the diphasic nc-Si/a-Si films as the intrinsic layer, a p-i-n junction solar cell has been prepared with an initial efficiency of 9.10% and a stabilized efficiency of 8.56% (AM1.5, -100 mW/cm/sup 2/).


Bedbugs are increasingly encountered in hotels, motels, office buildings, movie theaters, and modes of transport—anywhere the turnover of occupants is constant.


Recent computer technology has made significant progress, and various radio propagation simulation techniques are utilized for the performance evaluation and design of wireless networks. In the simulation, constructing the correct communication environment model is essential for the reliability of the simulation. In this paper, we developed a measurement system based on the free space method to estimate the material parameters of the environment objects. The permittivity, the conductivities, and the thickness of the material are jointly estimated by a maximum likelihood (ML) based algorithm. The experiment was conducted in the 33 GHz band, and the material parameters of a door glass were estimated. The estimation result entirely matched the measurement, and it showed that our proposal is effective in obtaining equivalent material parameters for radio propagation simulation. Further experiments with various building materials and their utilization for radio propagation simulations are future works.


An optimising method to improve the speed of a source-coupled-logic static frequency divider is presented. A piecewise linear transistor model is applied to simplify the large-signal analysis. The optimised circuit parameters can be quickly estimated from the analysis result. The simulation and measurement results on a 0.35 mum CMOS process have been used to demonstrate this optimisation method


Anti‐neurofascin 155 (NF155) antibody has been discovered in chronic demyelinating conditions. However, the positive rate and clinical description were insufficient in acute demyelinating conditions, such as Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). This study aimed to explore the positive rate of anti‐NF155 antibody in GBS patients and determine whether there were unique clinical characteristics in these patients.


The significance, approaches, and instruments of knowledge and capacity development (KCD) in water management are reviewed, and priorities for the future are proposed. These concepts have become more mainstream, critical in helping water organisations decide on and implement policies, and generating economic returns. Their application still tends to be often limited to education or 'training'. KCD requires an understanding of the physical world, how institutions must be strengthened to manage it, and how pedagogical and knowledge-management tools, in turn, strengthen the institutions. The private sector first applied knowledge management. The international development theory highlighted the deficiency of governments in implementation capacity. The health and environmental communities are developing an 'implementation science' to enhance the capacity to operationalise know-how faster. Advances in KCD include the following: (1) knowledge and capacity converging in nested levels (individual, organisational, institutional, and societal) to cause effective action; (2) six arenas/contexts of KCD application; and (3) pedagogy and knowledge-management through which learning occurs and knowledge is imparted. KCD is a 'sticky', slow process. Policy analyses tend to overlook the role of KCD. The water sector is facing acute challenges: a new one of building resilient water-and-land systems and adapting to climate change, and the outstanding one of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Thus, the current KCD must be scaled up, and also structured with a longer-term perspective to support change and reform at policy and organisational levels building on iterative adaption. Policies should become pro-active shaped by modelled forecasts; and organisations more able to change and adapt to future scenarios that are complex, uncertain, and evolving rapidly. Enhancing the capacity to implement policies, establish 'learning organisations', and design iterative adaptive pathways requires sustained political commitment. While adopting a long-term programme, supportive KCD activities should stay realistic and manageable.


Network security comes with the development of computer application, with the gradual increase of computer popularity, computer application system has been formed in different industries, and network security has become one of the important contents related to the benign development of computer application. Based on this, this paper discusses the network security countermeasures in the computer application. This paper studies the specific network security test experiment, evaluates and forecasts the situation value and comprehensive situation of confidentiality in the experiment. With the change of time, the two values are also changing. On the first day, they are 13.933, 16.689 the final situation value of confidentiality is 8.464, showing a downward trend, and the comprehensive situation value is 19.794, keeping at a high level. The test shows that its function and design have basically achieved the design goal, and each function has met the requirements as expected.


Chera King Cheraman, Chozha King Cochenganan, Pugazh Cholan, Manuneethi Chozhan, CoonPandiyan (NindraSer Nedumaran), Iyyadigal KaadavarKone, Kazhar Singar, Idankaziyar, Narasingha Munaiaraiyar, Meipporular, Kurruvar were mentioned in Periyapuranam. Their Devotion and their service to the temples were also manuscripted. They offered donations and lands for conducting rituals and poojas. This article focuses how their dedicated service reached the temples. More over Rulers worshipped and respected the ardent devotees of Shiva. They fullfilled all their needs. This article discuss that how devotees were treated and protected in their Kingdom with solid evidences.


In this article, the frequency variation control strategy for an induction heating L-LC resonant inverter is analyzed. The control consists of three loops, which are analyzed and reduced to their corresponding small-signal block diagrams. From these diagrams, the optimal structure of the compensation network and the design boundaries for first order closed-loop response are derived. The special case of phase limitation is analyzed because it is unstable in open-loop operation. Finally the implementation of the control circuit is described and experimental results are shown.


Most research involving phloem proteins is done with phloem exudates, which are not easily obtained from many plants. We report here on the use of tissue cultures to study phloem proteins. Monoclonal antibodies against the filamentous phloem protein, P-protein, were made by injecting mice with a phloem-enriched fraction isolated from Streptanthus tortuosus callus grown on a medium that stimulates the differentiation of xylem and phloem (phloem[+] cultures). Monoclonal antibodies specific for P-protein were identified by incubating free-hand stem sections of S. tortuosus in hybridoma supernatants, then in a goat anti-mouse antibody conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and observing the FITC under an epifluorescence microscope. Antibodies specific for P-protein in stem sections were used to probe nitrocellulose blots of polyacrylamide gels separating proteins isolated from both phloem(+) and phloem(-) tissue cultures. Immunoblots were incubated overnight in hybridoma supernatants followed by a secondary antibody conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. Three monoclonal antibodies-RS21, RS22, and RS23-bound to an 89-kD band in the phloem(+) lanes but failed to bind to any proteins in the phloem(-) lanes. In leaf sections of Arabidopsis thaliana processed by freeze-substitution, a mixture of RS21 and RS22 bound to the P-protein filaments in sieve elements, but not to any proteins in adjacent cells. A control antibody specific for tubulin did not bind to the P-protein filaments.


Criminal governance is a new object on the Colombian security-related investigation agenda. In Colombia, the constant presence of illegal groups affects regions far from urban centers. Based on the foregoing, the State has been supplanted in territorial control affecting binational ethnic communities on the border between Colombia and Ecuador. Empirical evidence shows that since the signing of the peace agreement in 2016, the presence of criminal governments defined by Lessing (2019) as the governance of criminal actors over populations within an economy, ethnic group or territory, has been increasing. The objective of this research proposal is to determine the factors that converge within the new dynamics of transnational organized crime after the FARC. To this end, the tentative question is the following: How is the relationship between regional and extra-regional criminal governments on the Colombian-Ecuadorian border configured with ethnic communities between 2016 and 2019? For methodological purposes, a review of the literature will be made under the conceptual framework of 'criminal government' proposed by Benjamin Lessing (2019). Indeed, analyzes of the border have been able to determine that the area is of strategic importance for criminal organizations. These groups are not exclusively dedicated to drug trafficking, but also to human trafficking, extortion, and fuel smuggling, factors by which criminal organizations compete or cooperate for control of the area through legitimacy within the border population.


Earthquake grid is a dummy research community that connects different earthquake instruments,datum and researchers.Ef-fective monitoring will promote more reasonable development and deployment of the system,improve its resource efficiency and mana-gement.Firstly several available infrastructures,end-end infrastructure,GMA(grid monitoring architecture) and OGSA(open grid service architecture) are analyzed,then the structure of earthquake grid monitoring system based on OGSA is given,finally the key implementing technologies of the system are discussed.


There is a need to search for high-efficiency Pb-free metal halide perovskites. Here we report a novel organic cation (Acetamidinium) for substituted formamidimium tin iodide perovskite. Using the acetamidinium-substituted formamidinium tin perovkite as the absorber, we demonstrate solar cells in the p-i-n configuration. The best device exhibited a power conversion efficiency ≈ 1%; with a short-circuit current density ($J_{sc}$) of 8.53 mA/cm2, open circuit-voltage ($V_{oc}$) of 0.3V, and fill-factor (FF) of 39%. Poor $V_{oc}$ of the device is due to conduction band offset of absorber layer with PCBM and interfacial recombination.


By distributing the intelligence of a drive to a control unit and one or more intelligent power modules using a high-performance serial interface standard for connection of these components is achieved that various service components can be recognized with their performance and also diagnosed. Furthermore, independent innovation of the components are possible without having a corresponding effect on the other components.


Remote Memory Access (RMA) extends the communication mechanisms of MPI by allowing one process to specify all communication parameters, both for the sending side and for the receiving side. This mode of communication facilitates the coding of some applications with dynamically changing data access patterns where the data distribution is fixed or slowly changing. In such a case, each process can compute what data it needs to access or update at other processes. However, processes may not know which data in their own memory need to be accessed or updated by remote processes, and may not even know the identity of these


Traditionally, the detection of high-resistance earth faults has been a difficult task in compensated medium-voltage (MV) distribution networks, mainly due to its very low-current fault. To date, several techniques have been proposed to detect them: using current injection in the neutral, superposing voltage signals, varying the value of the arc suppression coil, etc. These techniques use different detection parameters, such as fault resistance to earth, line asymmetries, or partial residual neutral voltages. In this paper, phase asymmetry is defined as a new parameter that can be used, together with the aforementioned techniques, in order to improve the reliability and efficiency of the detection process in single-phase earth faults, especially for compensated networks. The use of this parameter has been validated through extensive simulations of resistive faults up to 15 kΩ , with the use of RESFAL software, which is based on Matlab/Simulink.


Microwave enhanced chromium extraction from sewage sludge and soil-sludge mixtures was carried out using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and more biodegradable chelating agents: methyleneglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), S, S'-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) and S-carboxyl-L-cysteine (SCLC). Raising the temperature using microwave energy had particularly strong effect on Cr extraction efficiency with MGDA from all the investigated biosolids. The higher was the temperature, the larger amount of metal was extracted – maximum removal efficiency with MGDA at 150 o C was 38 times higher than that at 20 o C. The effect of microwave-assisted extraction duration was also significant – extraction effectiveness increased by 40-60 % at 150 o C while increasing duration from 15 min up to 60 min, depending upon the type of biosolid tested. MW-enhanced chromium efficiency from sludge mixture with clay soil was in all cases significantly lower than that from the raw sludge samples as well as sludge mixture with sandy soil. Extraction study showed that such readily degradable agents as EDDS and MGDA can be successfully used to wash biosolids in the presence of chromium contamination instead of persistent EDTA when microwave energy is applied, while SCLC was less efficient. According to the complexation efficiency, the investigated chelants can be ranked in the following order: EDTA≈MGDA>EDDS>SCLC, while the overall chromium removal capacity of MGDA was better than that of EDDS.


"INTERACTION EFFECTS OF TRICHODERMA WITH RHIZOBIUM AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS IN CHICKPEA WITH RESPECT TO NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND YIELD" by PITCHAIAH RAPURI A candidate for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (AGRICULTURE) in AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI 413 722, DIST. AHMEDNAGAR, MAHARASHTRA (INDIA) 2006. Research Guide : Dr. P.V. Wani Department : Plant Pathology and Agril. Microbiology Abstract A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2005-2006 at Instructional farm of Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, to study the "Interaction effects of Trichoderma with Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms with respect to nutrient uptake and yield" using cv. Vishwas.A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2005-2006 at Instructional farm of Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, to study the "Interaction effects of Trichoderma with Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms with respect to nutrient uptake and yield" using cv. Vishwas.


Abstract Al–8·5Fe–1·3V–1·7Si (wt-%) alloy consolidated and rolled into sheet from pulverised planar flow cast material has been subjected to exposure times up to 575 h at 625°C. Both as received and exposed samples were investigated to reveal the effect of the exposure on microstructural stability, including dispersoid size. Microstructural characterisation was performed by a combination of X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed the presence of coarse plate shaped Al13Fe4 particles after 2 h at 625°C and additional polyhedral shaped Al13(Fe,V)3Si particles were observed evenly distributed within the matrix after exposure at 625°C for 290 h. Even after 575 h at 625°C, the silicide phase in the material retained the same bcc structure as in the as received condition but with a slightly increased lattice parameter. The experimentally determined coarsening rates of silicides in the material were a factor of 2 to 3 lower than predictions based on control by volume diffusion of V in the α-Al matrix.


There is no doubt that surveyors involved in any aspect of the offshore survey industry have an absorbing job. It is equally certain that they are in a difficult business. These difficulties do not arise only from the ever increasing complexity of the technology; there is just as much need for care and preparation in tackling the administrative and contractual aspects of the work. Where surveyors get a chance to get together at various symposia and conferences it is a fairly safe prediction that the whole of the programme will be taken up with study of the techniques and technology of their work. Few would deny that, as professionals, we have tended to skimp on consideration of the equally important management problems. This session at Hydro 86, devoted to aspects of the latter subject, is therefore particularly welcome. This is a discussion paper. The views expressed in it are personal; they do not necessarily reflect the thinking of any corporate organisation.


In the new age, Deng Xiaoping established the road of peaceful development for China, proposed the thought of achieving peaceful coexistence with each country and initiated China's peaceful development. Under the new situation, Jiang Zemin put forward the thought of promoting peace with difference and consolidated China's peaceful development. Faced with the new requirements of the times, Hu Jintao has advanced the thought of building a harmonious world, which will certainly elevate China's peaceful development.


Evaporated squarilium-based, malonitrile-based merocyanine, metal-complexes on dithiolate base, ketocyanine and phtalocyanine (Pc) dyes form smooth films, which show high optical absorption and reflection in visible and near- infrared regions. Co-deposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Pc dyes showed that the films obtained consist of the PTFE matrix filled by Pc particles of 10 - 30 nm size. Recording on dye film is performed in ablative mode by 9 mW of semiconductor laser, if PTFE sublayer is used. Three types of hole opening mechanisms were obtained by choosing dye and substrate with properties needed.


Does competition spur productivity? And if so, how does it do so? These have long been regarded as central questions in economics. This essay reviews the literature that makes progress toward answering both questions.