Using the numerical data of MHD simulation for active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets based on our "sweeping magnetic twist model," we calculated the Faraday rotation measure (FRM) and the Stokes parameters to compare with observations. We propose that the FRM distribution can be used to discuss the three-dimensional structure of magnetic field around jets, together with the projected magnetic field derived from the Stokes parameters. In the present paper, we assumed the basic straight part of the AGN jet and used the data of axisymmetric simulation. The FRM distribution that we derived has a general tendency to have gradient across the jet axis, which is due to the toroidal component of the helical magnetic field generated by the rotation of the accretion disk. This kind of gradient in the FRM distribution is actually observed in some AGN jets, which suggests a helical magnetic field around the jets and thus supports our MHD model. Following this success, we are now extending our numerical observation to the wiggled part of the jets, using the data of three-dimensional simulation based on our model, in an upcoming paper.


In the last few years there has been an extraordinary growth in the field of herbal & ayurvedic medicines. Herbal formulations have less side effects and are safe to use. The goal of the present study is involves preparation & evaluation of polyherbal hair oil using plant materials. The different extracts of different part of plant showed promising pharmacological activities. Formulation of polyherbal hair oil prepared by using extract of hibiscus rosa sinensis flower and powder of curry leaves, henna leaves, fenugreek seeds, tulsi leaves & shikakai. After preparation capsules of vitamin B7 is added in oil, it stimulates keratin production. The prepared polyherbal hair oil evaluated different parameters such as phytochemical screening, organoleptic characterization, physical evaluation, specific gravity, pH and also stability study. Antimicrobial assay of the polyherbal hair oil was carried out by using cup plate method and these helps reduces dandruffs and scalp of hairs. And to provide nutrition's to hairs. The antioxidant activity of the oil was studied by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Hence, these polyherbal hair oil increases hair growth, reduces hair loss, providing protection against dandruff.


This article presents a reading of Louis-Ferdinand Céline through the concept of trolling. A relatively new phenomenon, trolling denotes an attempt to elicit a negative response in a chosen target via deliberate provocation or incitement. While inextricable from the online social media platforms that have facilitated its emergence as a discursive mode, trolling is dependent on rhetorical strategies that are hardly new: irony, self-referentiality, effrontery, aggression, etc. Trolls seek to cultivate a brand around the antipathy they delight in triggering. I contend that Céline attempted to do just this in the postwar period, and more specifically in the series of interviews he conducted at Meudon in the last decade of his life. I thus argue against some recent scholarship that claims that Céline attempted to regain, by expressing contrition, a sympathetic audience following his condemnation for having published a series of egregiously antisemitic pamphlets. Rather, I suggest that he sought to instrumentalize his notoriety for his own advantage; some readers, he likely reasoned, are drawn to him because, not in spite of, his infamy. My argument draws on a body of recent writing on the relationship between humour, new media and far-right politics.


The formation of an initial humus horizon on the tailings of strip mines under pine cultures is examined. This process is closely connected with gradual changes in phytocenoses, microbocenoses, and complexes of invertebrates. It is shown that an accumulative horizon with high biological activity, which affects all the components of a young cultural forest biogeocenosis, forms within the span of 10-11 years.


The current study seeks to identify the mechanism responsible for the instability leading to unsteady flow in horizontal convective flow. A one-dimensional (1D) linear stability analysis algorithm is developed which linearises the momentum and energy equations under the Boussinesq approximation, and is applied to vertical velocity and temperature profiles extracted from computed two-dimensional flow solutions. It is demonstrated that a Rayleigh–Bénard type transverse roll instability within the thermal layer ultimately leads to formation of plumes and consequently gives rise to unsteady flow in horizontal convection.


The Russian system of pre-school education is unique both in its mass character and in the diversity of services; today it is the most intensively developing sector in the education system. The situation related to preschool education in Russia can be called a crisis. The main problem is the impeded accessibility of preschool education, which is currently not implemented in a proper way. The growth in the number of places in preschool institutions is catastrophically behind the growth in the number of children. Revealing the accessibility and differences in locating preschool institutions can be solved through using geoinformation technologies. As a result of our research, we specified the population coverage with the service of children's preschool institutions in Leninsky district, Saransk, RF. The peculiar properties of preschool institutions placement are defined and the assessment of children's preschool institutions' service availability according to demographic structure of the population is carried out. As a result, a population density map of Leninsky district of Saransk was created. As part of the research, we developed a method of making a map of the preschool institutions accessibility. To value the provision of population with these institutions, several zones were identified taking the area of service into account. Using this technique, evaluation maps characterizing the provision of the population with children's preschool institutions in the Leninsky district, Saransk, RF were made. The results of the research can be used by local authorities at assessing the state of the city's infrastructure.


ABSTRACT Every week in the time before COVID-19, the members of the Shadhili Sufi order in Singapore convened in their lodge to participate in a ritual of sound and movement called the hadra. In March 2020, Singapore's lockdown measures brought these ritual movements to a stop. In response, the group started participating in online gatherings, sacrificing the affective dimensions of their ritual. This article captures this transformation, focusing on the sensorial challenges that these Sufis were faced with due to the failure of technology to translate the atmospheric elements of their practice and how listening became the focus of their ritual engagement online. The article argues that these Sufis demonstrate that research in the sensory, embodied, and mediated elements of religious experiences need to take into consideration the spiritual dispositions of religious practitioners as spiritual dispositions can go past technological dysfunctions and make the external elements of worship internally effective.


The aim of this study is to analyze the quality factors that influence on the user loyalty and to verify the moderating effect of that influential relationship, 1000 of smartphone users were surveyed. As a result, First, perceived value in terms of contents quality, gives positive influence on the loyalty, However, in terms of system quality, it gives negative impact. Second, there were no significant changes on the moderating effect of motivation of smartphone use. In detail, the motivation for obtaining information as a moderating variable serves to mitigate the relationship between the system quality and the user loyalty. The motivation for pursuing entertainment as a moderating variable serves to enhance the relationship between the cost quality and the user loyalty in the positive direction. The motivation for pursuing self-expression as a moderating variable has impact on the relationship between the content quality and the user loyalty in the positive direction. However, the motivation for pursuing self-expression has impact on the relationship between the cost quality and the user loyalty in the negative direction. However, the motivation for pursuing communication as a moderating variable has no significant impact on the relationship at the confidence level.


In this project, an efficient method is proposed to remove the high level of salt and pepper noise in image using median filter. The objective of any noise removal technique is to remove the noise completely from the image, such that the resulting image is better than original image. Salt and pepper noise can be added to image during acquisition process. This noise is removed by the proposed method. This plays a vital role in digital images. The proposed approach is used to improve the quality of the image by removing high tone salt and pepper noise. The time consumption for removing salt and pepper noise in image can be reduced in this approach. The verification is based on filtered images. The resultant image is the converted into binary code. Then the binary code of the resultant image is simulated in Xilinx software. Then it is implemented in FPGA kit using Xilinx software. The resultant image will have good noise removal efficiency.


In the presence work, mycelial growth, sclerotia formation, polygalacturonase, a-amylase and cellulase activities of a Belarusian fungal isolate Sclerotinia sclerotiorum KK-1 collected from infected сarrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) were analyzed. It was established that polygalacturonase was induced by pectin and subject to catabolite repression by glucose. The ability of the isolate to produce oxalic acid, an important factor of pathogenesis, was observed throughout fungus incubation on PDA medium amended with bromophenol blue. Glyphosate (commercial counterpart «Tornado») starting from its level in the medium of 200 mg/L caused a significant inhibition of mycelial growth and sclerotia formation. It was observed that a-amylase and cellulase activities were inhibited by glyphosate unlike polygalacturonase activity.


This paper shows a mechanism to aggregate bandwidth of multiple network interfaces on a computer under mobile environment. Recently, researches and development of wireless technologies are active. As a result, various kinds of wireless media are emerging and they are installed on a computer. However, the demands for fast connection have not been met yet. To offer fast connectivity using wireless interfaces on a computer, we designed and developed a socket-level bandwidth aggregation mechanism (SBAM). SBAM utilizes most of the interfaces on a computer and offers fast network connectivity. The most distinctive feature of SBAM is that the mechanism is implemented as a feature of an operating system. This involves the following two benefits: first, it is easy to deploy SBAM to many computers. If the aggregation is achived in a network stack, the new stack should be implemented in all of the computers in the Internet. However, implementing in socket layer enables SBAM to decide whether the mechanism can be activated or not. Second, it does not require modification to most of the existing software. For example, if the mechanism is achieved as a feature of a transport protocol, like TCP, all the application which uses TCP must be re-written to adapt to the new transport layer protocol. However, SBAM does not require it, since the socket hide the existence of the mechanism. We evaluated SBAM under actual wireless network environment. We achived the throughput increase by a factor of 1.6. SBAM offers fast network connectivity by utilizing various wireless devices on a computer while it avoids modification to existing environment.


One new terphenyl glycoside (1), gliocladinin D, together with 4 known compounds (2-5) were isolated from the sponge-derived fungus Trichoderma reesei (HN-2016-018). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by the comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Compound 3 exhibited moderate Topo I inhibitory activity.


Now more than ever, corporations the world over are scrambling to redefine the processes, techniques, and strategies they need to survive in an age of uncertainty. Businesses today seek an effective corporate performance measurement system to maximize the bottom line. With the advent of the Internet, ongoing globalization, and standardization in management systems, business leaders must focus on how to measure performance to monitor their continued viability and success. Many existing performance measurement systems were designed to support business practices and to monitor progress. With shrinking margins and competitive pressures, however, corporate performance measurement systems must do more than monitor. They must identify opportunities for optimizing profitability and growth, without pitting one against the other. The idea is to use performance measures to add value, instead of simply measuring for a formality. The Six Sigma method is not only a trendy "new solution", it is not a business whim linked to a single method or strategy - the study trying to draw attention to the fact that Six Sigma is a flexible system to improve the management and the performance of companies. The research paper seeks to demonstrate that the Six Sigma method refers to both the passion for customer service and a drive for new ideas, and to statistics and processing numbers, finding application in the fields of marketing, services, human resources, finance and sales, as well as in production and engineering.


Multi-label submodular Markov Random Fields (MRFs) have been shown to be solvable using max-flow based on an encoding of the labels proposed by Ishikawa, in which each variable <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X_i$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="ajanthan-ieq1-2819675.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is represented by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="ajanthan-ieq2-2819675.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> nodes (where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="ajanthan-ieq3-2819675.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is the number of labels) arranged in a column. However, this method in general requires <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\;\ell ^2$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="ajanthan-ieq4-2819675.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> edges for each pair of neighbouring variables. This makes it inapplicable to realistic problems with many variables and labels, due to excessive memory requirement. In this paper, we introduce a variant of the max-flow algorithm that requires much less storage. Consequently, our algorithm makes it possible to optimally solve multi-label submodular problems involving large numbers of variables and labels on a standard computer.


In recent years, universities have been accused in news stories of becoming "trademark bullies," entities that use their trademarks to harass and intimidate beyond what the law can reasonably be interpreted to allow. Universities have also intensified efforts to gain expansive new marks. The Ohio State University's attempt to trademark the word "the" is probably the most notorious. There has also been criticism of universities' attempts to use their trademarks to police clearly legal speech about their activities. But beyond provocative anecdotes, how can one assess whether a particular university is truly bullying, since there are entirely legitimate reasons for universities—like all trademark holders—to assert their rights? Online "rankings" of trademark bullies have obscure methodologies. We lack both an empirical account of major aspects of the landscape, and a rigorous case study giving individualized, almost ethnographic, information about what the accused academic trademark bullies think they are doing. What are their legal arguments and how would impartial experts assess those claims? What is their


Granular track supports built over compacted clay or silt subgrades are often susceptible to excessive settlement failure due to lateral spreading of the ballast, initiated by the seasonal softening of a thin upper layer of the subgrade. The inclusion of geosynthetic geogrid reinforcement within the granular support is investigated as a method of reducing the settlement of these structures. The investigation was conducted in the laboratory using a small-scale model of a track-ballast system overlying artificial subgrades of different compressibilities, including a rigid subgrade. The model was subjected to a program of repetitive loading, using a cyclic load that returned to zero at the end of each cycle. The performance of test configurations reinforced with a single layer of geosynthetic geogrid was compared with unreinforced configurations. When placed at the optimal depth, the geosynthetic geogrid reduced the rate at which accumulated plastic settlements were generated for all the subgrade conditions.


Process planning represents an important link between product design and product manufacturing. The quality and reliability of generated process plans, carried out in this early stage of production, affects the productivity of the whole production chain. The paper presents a novel concept for simulation based process planning for metal cutting processes supporting the planning quality and flexibility by using gentelligent technologies in terms of production. The ambition of the simulation based process planning is the verification of alternative process sequences using a technological manufacturing simulation, predicting technological quantities as well as geometrical quality indicators.


The availability of food for the zooplanktivorous seabirds, such as an endemic High Arctic alcid, the little auk ( Alle alle ) is essential for its population status and in consequence for fertilizing nutrient-poor Svalbard tundra. Since the zooplankton composition and concentration vary over time and space on foraging grounds, it is chal-lenging to monitor these changes and it could be facilitated by using original machine-learning methods. We propose to use supervised arti fi cial neural network (ANN) with back-propagation algorithm, in which we rank each zooplankton taxonomical category (ZTC) based on its share in biomass of little auks ' diet. The highest rank was assigned to the largest and most frequent prey, for example, fi fth copepodid stage (CV) of Calanus glacialis (0.75), amphipod Apherusa glacialis (0.17) and females of Calanus hyperboreus (0.12). In order to qualify the potential foraging grounds for little auks, zooplankton


This paper summarizes conclusions reached in Polachek and Xiang (International Organization, 2010). It shows how gains from trade decrease the probability of war in an incomplete information game. The result reaffirms how opportunity costs explain the inverse trade-conflict relationship found in current empirical literature on the subject. The ensuing discussion puts the result in the broader context of peacekeeping.


In narratives of young Slovenes in bilingual southern Carinthia (Austria) a latent tone of sadness prevalent. The analysis of sequences of their life stories indicates that this phenomenon may be the rest of unresolved and unassimilated historical traumas experienced in the past by former generations (paren and grandparents) and passed on to the young generation through a kind of "collective memory". During the narrative their expression of emotions tend to be inappropriate. The postadolescent interviewees to me about their life experiences, about the stigma that they felt being a member of an ethnic minori l and about structural violence, all in an seemingly effortless way of speaking (e.g., laughing). Some of interviewees emphasised that they are leaving Carinthia to withdraw from the accumulating conflicts and problems. Both minority/majority conflicts and interminority tensions are the problem areas causing stress on part of the interviewees.


In this article,it introduced the working principle and equipment characteristics of AUT and PAUT detection technologies,analyzed and compared detection precision of two methods under the same condition.Through field tests,it studied the difference of the said two detection methods used in submarine pipeline detection from three aspects,such as defect detection rate,defect size and detection time,and discussed the advantages and disadvantages.The test results showed that during LS36-1 submarine pipeline laying,the detection precision of PAUT is equal to that of AUT,which can be used as an alternative scheme.


Nitrogen (N) is one of the essential macronutrients and plays a major role in plant growth and crop productivity. Plants take up nitrogen from the soil in two inorganic forms, ammonium ion (NH4 + ) and nitrate ion (NO3 − ). Several works have been reported on whether ammonium or nitrate is the better form of N for rice plants. For example, Bonner (1946) concluded from culture experiments that rice plants utilized ammonium in preference to nitrate, while Malavolta (1954) reported that rice plants grew well in media containing nitrate as the sole N source. However, rice is cultivated in flooded paddy fields and that it prefers ammonium as the nitrogen source has been well established (Wang et al., 1993). Ammonium also constitutes the major form of nitrogen in the bulk soil (Bouldin, 1986). Another reason behind ammonia being preferred over nitrate is the lower energy requirement for its assimilation (Bloom et al., 1992). Use of ammonia based fertilizers is also in practice to achieve high yield rice variety (Choudhury and Kennedy, 2005). This is primarily because most of the rice soils of the world lack enough nitrogen and biological nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria and diazotrophic bacteria can only fulfill a fraction of the


The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy and long-term outcome of percutaneous and surgical treatment in patients with postoperative biliary stricture. The subjects consisted of 19 patients with postoperative benign biliary stricture secondary to bile duct injury or fibrosis at the bilioenterostomy. All of the patients were initially managed by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Five patients failed to achieve internalization across the stricture and then underwent a wide hilar hepaticojejunostomy. An additional 4 patients required surgery because of a complex injury involving the right hepatic artery in one and the occurrence of so-called "blind-loop syndrome" in 3. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy clearly demonstrated a functional obstacle in the bile flow in these patients. Percutaneous management with an internal/external catheter placement was accomplished in 10 patients. A successful outcome was achieved in all patients with a mean follow-up 6.7 (range 2-12) and 5.2 (range 1-12) years for the surgical and percutaneous treatment, respectively. Conclusively, postoperative biliary stricture requires multidisciplinary management. The surgical repair should therefore be carefully considered for cases with tight stricture, a complex injury, or blindloop syndrome. In order to accurately characterize the biliary flow and to select the optimal treatment, hepatobiliary scintigraphy may thus provide us with helpful information. ACTA MEDICA NAGASAKIENSIA 53: 23-28, 2008


After analyzing the climatic condition of Anfu county during the tobacco manufacturing process , we bring forward material measure to tend towards benefit and keep away from harm . That is to seed and replant in time and fertilize reasonably after ditching waist canal and bounding canal with changing bare-soil planting to film-covered planting and implementing high-ridge-and-single-row planting and broad-row-and-narrow-seedling . In this way , the tobacco can be fertility and high-quality and planting tobacco can become one of support industry of Anfu county .


The paper is devoted to an analysis of the problem of the significance and mechanisms of inflammation and oxidative stress participation in the development of cardiovascular pathology, first of all – in heart and vascular wall damaging and remodeling and in the development of arterial hypertension. An interrelation is traced between the reninangiotensin, sympathoadrenal and immune systems in the development of oxidative stress as a component of innate and adaptive immune responses.


Superconducting Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder (SMILES) is to be operated aboard the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) of the International Space Station (ISS) in 2007. SMILES uses two Superconductor‐insulator‐superconductor (SIS) mixers for submillimeter‐wave atmospheric observation, and they are cooled to 4 K levels by a cryogenic system with a two‐stage Stirling cooler, a Joule‐Thomson (JT) cycle cooler and a cryostat composed of three stages. The cooling capacity is designed as about 20 mW at 4.5 K, 200 mW at 20 K and 1 W at 100 K with the total input power of approximately 140 W. The proto‐flight model (PFM) of the cryogenic system has achieved such cooling capacity with significantly less input power, as well as mechanical capability required for launching conditions.


The blood and lymph vessels of a few mammals have been quite extensively studied by electron microscopy (3, 4, 5, 15, 22, 23, 2.J). By contrast, in lower animals even the blood vessels have been relatively neglected. to say nothing of the lymphatics. The few studies which have been made indicate that in reptiles (2), amphibians {31) and teleosts (15) the blood vessels are similar to those in the mammals. In the elasmobranchs, however, the interendothclial junctions appear less firmly closed, the basement membranes are more tenuous and the venous vessels are intermittently attached to the connective tissue by fine fibrils ( 11). These three features are strongly reminiscent of mammalian lymphatics and arc probably associated with the low blood pressure of these fish, whid1 is sometimes "negative" in the venous vessels (13, 30). It is of great interest that even in the fairly prim itive elasmobranchs, those which lack true lymphatics (32) still have fenestrated capillaries in some organs {11 ). There is evidence that the fenestrae allow the entry of large molecules and fluid into the venous limbs of capillaries (7, 8, 11 ), both in these anima ls and in the higher vertebrates, where they are very common in some regions. They may well supplement the lymphatic system, especially in relatively motionless regions, or where the lymphatics are infrequent. It appears, however, that the hagfishcs lack fenestrae, but have some open junctions in their encocrine capillaries (9a). Thus their blood capillaries have some features in common with the lympha tics of higher vertebrates. ( either open junctions nor fenestrae seem to be present in the cerebral capill a ries of the myxines (27), but we have no information about the rest of their vessels.) The invertebrates have had even fewer studies of their vasculature. Only the cephalopocis ( 1) and earth-worms {17, 19. 20) have had any detailed description. The crustaceans have been briefly mentioned (19) and the leech's neural ·endothelium • has been described ( 12~, but it is evident that this is very unusual in site, structure and function. In their major vessels the cephalopods have per icytes with myofibrils, thick basement membranes and endothelium which is nearly continuous, but with a few open junctions. In the more peripheral vessels, the endoth elial cells gradually come to lie further and further apart, until there are quite wide gaps 1- 10!! between them. However, the basement membranes are always present, as is a complete investment of pericytcs - which come to lack the myofibrils. The pericytes have closed junctions which, though they are not "tight june-  tions" {16), contain dense material whid1 may present a considerable barrier to the passage of large molecules. The higher blood pressures and plasma protein concentra tions in the cephalopods have obviousl y caused developments analogous to those in the higher vertebrates, but differing in d etail. The situation in the more primitive earthworm is similar, but the endothelium is discontinuous even in the major vessels ( 17, 19, 20). (A point of nomenclature should be noted .h5:re: ·workers on the earthworm have called the pericytes "endothelium", or "myoendotheliu~ and considered the endothelium to be "amoebocytes lying on the basement membrane", which they considered lay on the " lumenal side of the endothelium."' It was pointed out by Barber and Gra:ialdei (1), however, that the true amoebocytes arc morphologica lly, and presumably functionally, distinct from the true endothelium since they contain many granules, more mitodlondria, etc. Hence they considered that there was true endothelium - though often very discontinuous- inside the basement membrane, as in the mammals, and that it was pericytes which contained the myofi brils.) In order to help bridge the gap between the invertebrates a nd the vertebrates, it was decided to study amphioxus, one of the most primi tive of chordates. Its low blood pressure and plasma protein levels. and generally primitive development might be expected to be associated with vascu lar structural and functional peculiarities. These would not only be interesting in themselves, but, by their contrasts, might help to clarify what is found in the higher vertebrates. In particula r, the way in which large molecules enter these vessels from the ti ssues would be of significance both for the study of the lymphatic system, and of the fenestrated blood capillaries. The vascular structure of amphioxus detectable with the light microscope has been well reviewed by Kampmeier (21), whose description has been used as the basis for this paper. Briefly, there is a contractile ventral aorta, which pumps blood through the giU arches and nephridiae, which then fl ows into the pair of dorsal aortae. These merge on the stomach and intestine and supply the intestinal sinusoids, which run forwards on the "liver ". Some of these converge into tbe contractile subintestinal vein, which supplies the "liver" sinusoids, which in turn flow jnto lhe hepatic vein, and thence into the ventral aor tae. In addition to this branchioenteric circulation. the dorsal aortae supplies sinusoids to the segments of the body wall, which flow into the "cardinal" veins. (I shall use "cen tra l" or "major" vessel to include the aortae and the main veins; "peripheral" vessels refers to the rest of the vessels, which are basically sinusoids, i.e. they have wide, irregular, often flat tened lumens, with - electron microscopicall y - gaps between the endothelial cells.) Kamfnneier mentions a number of problems whid1 have been answered in the present work, viz. the nature of the sinusoids, whether only the aortae have endothelial linings, and the nature of the "lymph·· spaces. The way in which large molecules and pa rticles enter the s inusoids of the gut and the vessels of the body wall has also been studied.


&NA; This is a 2‐part series written by the Research Committee of the Oncology Section, APTA that introduces the various aspects of rehabilitation research and the need to address quality of life issues in all survivors of a cancer diagnosis. Part I will provide justification for physical therapy research, prompt the reader to generate the research question, and offer suggestions for completing a literature search. Part II will assist the researcher in the design, execution of a research endeavor, and strategies for attaining resources for funding to conduct clinical trials in various cancer populations. It is the intent of this series to assist and expand horizons for clinicians in oncology settings.


* Acknowledgments * Paradoxes of Race and Ethnicity in America Today * The Puzzle of Ethno-Racial Change * Solving the Puzzle: A New Theory of Boundary Change * Contemporary Dynamics of Minority Mobility * An Extraordinary Opportunity: The Exit of the Baby Boomers * The Contingencies of Change * Imagining a More Integrated Future * Notes * Index


This paper describes the meaning of radiometer calibration, the calibration methods, classification, and the comparison of the methods, classification, and the comparison of the methods, especially discusses the two-point itemized calibration equation and its error sources. It also analyses the calibration error caused by system mismatch in detail and quantitively estimates its error value. We've used above method to calibrate K and K a band radiometers.


As the low economic value, many available chemical and physical properties of coarse tail coal-slime used to be ignored. In this paper, coarse tail coal-slime is used as the filer medium for the treatment of circulating water in coal preparation plants. Because coarse tail coal-slime has great adsorption performance, appropriate particle size composition and mechanical strength, it is used as filter medium for pressure feeding filtering equipment in this study, to probe the feasibility of the treatment of circulating water. The results show that with using coarse tail coal-slime as filter medium in pressure feeding filtering tank, the concentration of circulating water can be reduced to below 5 g/L, it will meet the requirements; the particle size and thickness of coarse tail coal-slime have great influence on the capacity and concentration. This method does not need settlement reagents, and it makes full use of coal preparation plant waste.


Lipid bilayers serve as model surfaces that are often used to understand the behavior of actual cell membranes. Cell adhesion (1, 2), membrane fusion (1), binding-unbinding transition (3), self-assembly, and related phenomena govern an astounding array of biological functions; for example, sperm-egg fusion is the basis of mammalian reproducion (1). These phenomena are dictated by a complex interplay between the various attractive and repulsive forces that mediate between biological membranes. The key role is played by a repulsive force termed "steric hindrance," or simply entropic pressure, the origins of which lie in the thermally excited fluctuations of membranes. Nearly four decades ago, in a landmark paper, Wolfgang Helfrich (4) proposed both the concept and the quantitative nature of this force. Freund (5) reexamines this paradigm in PNAS, and finds that the entropic force is of a remarkably different character than hitherto believed.


Nowadays, users are encouraged to activate across multiple online social networks simultaneously. User identity linkage, which aims to reveal the correspondence among different accounts across networks, has been regarded as a fundamental problem for user profiling, marketing, cybersecurity, and recommendation. Existing methods mainly address the prediction problem by utilizing profile, content, or structural features of users in symmetric ways. However, encouraged by online services, information from different social platforms may also be asymmetric, such as geo-locations and texts. It leads to an emerged challenge in aligning users with asymmetric information across networks. Instead of similarity evaluation applied in previous works, we formalize correlation between geo-locations and texts and propose a novel user identity linkage framework for matching users across networks. Moreover, our model can alleviate the label scarcity problem by introducing external text-location pairs. Experimental results on real-world datasets show that our approach outperforms existing methods and achieves state-of-the-art results.


The density and viscosity of synthesized 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ([Cnmim]I, n = 4, 6, 8) were measured in the wide range of temperature of (298 to 393) K. Using a vacuum line, measurements of the viscosity were made under a water-vapor free atmosphere. The viscosity decreases sharply with temperature and increases as the alkyl chain length increases. The molecular dynamics simulation was performed for the densities of these ionic liquids to remedy the lack of literature experimental data. The results are quite in agreement with the experiments, with a maximum deviation of 3.00 % due to [C8mim]I at 358 K. The viscosities fit best in the modified Arrhenius, Vogel−Fulcher−Tammann (VFT), and Litovitz equations. The viscosities also fit in the simple linear equation we proposed recently with accuracies comparable with Litovitz and VFT.


The present invention, salt gel composition, to the use of the manufacturing methods and the compositions of the composition. In particular, a gel containing magnesium salts, and their cosmetic, therapeutic, and to industrial use. At least 50% by weight of MgCl Preferred gelling agents are hydroxypropyl derivatives of starch or cellulose. .BACKGROUND


Recently, social games have been attracting attention. Social games can be enjoyed more by building a relationship with other players. However, many users are playing social games only with their friends. There are functions to find friends through social games and social networking services, but these existing functions are not enough to find friends easily. In this paper, we consider the function to find friends in social game to find friends easily. In addition, we examine the method of visualizing and representing the friend candidates. We find that our visualization method may be effective to find good "likeminded people" easily. Keywords-social game; SNS; network analysis; community forum; visualization


In this letter, preliminary results on the feasibility to use optical fiber sensors coated by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)-based sensitive materials for hydrogen detection at cryogenic temperatures are presented. The optical probes have been realized by the Langmuir-Blodgett deposition of close-end and open-end SWCNTs on the distal end of standard optical fibers. The results obtained from hydrogen detection testing, carried out at a temperature as low as 113K, demonstrate the excellent potentiality of the proposed configuration to sense very low percentages of gaseous hydrogen (<5%), with good recovery and reversibility features as well as fast response times.


In order to characterize the sealing capacity of faults during hydrocarbon migration most studies use sealing indexes based on one or two parameters. However, these indexes, may successfully used in some areas but not in others, since fault sealing is the consequence of many geological processes that cannot be simply described by so few factors. We present an empirical method (termed fault-connectivity probability method) for assessing the long-term sealing capacity of a fault for hydrocarbon migration. This method is based on the observational evidence of the opening or closing behavior of the fault during the entire process of hydrocarbon migration. In practice, petroleum leakage through an element of fault is identified by the existence (or not) of hydrocarbon-bearing layers on both sides of this element. The data from the Wangjiagang Oil Field in the South Slope of the Dongying Depression in the Jiyang Sub-basin in Bohai Bay Basin, NE China, are used to develop this method. Fluid pressure in mud-rocks, normal stress perpendicular to fault plane, and clay smear are identified as the key factors representing fault seal capacity. They are combined to compose a non-dimensional Fault Opening Index, FOI. The values of FOI are calculated from the key factors measured on elements, and the relationship between FOI and fault-opening probability on any an element is established through a statistical analysis: when FOI is 3.5, the fault-opening probability is 1. Then, the values of fault-opening probability can be contoured on a fault plane, to characterize the variations of seal capacity on the fault plane.


Objective. To assess the level of commitment of doctors secondary health care level clinical protocol of the Kyrgyz Republic for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly example. Methods. 252 hospital chart of elderly patients (from 65 to 80 years) treated for 2011–2013 with a clinical diagnosis of «community-acquired pneumonia» in three secondary level health institutions. Results. Analysis of the results shows that a relatively adequate level of commitment to the quality of the choice of starting empirical antibiotic monotherapy and ambiguous set of recommendations on the levels of execution and stepwise of combination therapy. The highest percentage of the empirical treatment according to clinical protocol in the City Clinical Hospital (Bishkek) – 87,6 %. Concerning the mono and combined therapy doctors strictly followed recommendations of the clinical protocol. But in step therapy there are irrational transitions of 28,7 %. Good observance by doctors of the Jalal-Abad joint regional hospital in a choice of one antibacterial preparation. However, the combination therapy of the five combinations of four irrational. In step therapy in 41,6 % of cases didn't correspond to the protocol. In the Osh city clinical hospital the level of commitment of doctors – 49,6 %. In monotherapy of 70 % of implementation of the protocol, and in the combined therapy antibacterial preparations corresponded to the clinical protocol only in 28,5 % of cases. In step therapy in half of cases according to the protocol. Conclusions: Thus the analysis of the received results testifies about the standards of treatment of extra hospital pneumonia which are available in real clinical practice not observance recommended by the clinical protocol of the Kyrgyz Republic. Level of commitment of doctors to the clinical protocol in three establishments of secondary level of health care it is various. Doctors Bishkek good adherence protocol than doctors in regional institutions.


sustainability approach: the Global Action Plan, the Religious Society of Friends (Quaker), and the permaculture movement. The successful experience of these groups offers real hope and potential for lessons to be spread and taught. As Global Action Plan discovered over time, a collective, community-based approach can be very effective. Like many anthologies, the eleven papers are wide ranging, but they are generally of high caliber. The book would be of interest to anyone interested in new work on consumption from an environmental perspective. If there is a central takeaway of the book, it is that this area of research is rapidly growing, for good reason. The world's natural scientists are converging on compelling evidence of humanity's deleterious impact on the planet, and we need multidisciplinary approaches that dive into both theory and concrete strategies for grappling with this problem. We simply may not have much time to quibble. As the self-described "gadfly" in the anthology states, "there is nothing like a crisis looming on the horizon to put disciplinary boundaries and disputes over methodology into proper perspective."


We have studied the oxygen permeation through different polymer films and a polymer glass composite by four different methods. The films have been chosen to cover three orders of magnitude in permeability. Results show that there is reasonable agreement between the permeability data obtained by different methods. We discuss advantages of the individual methods and points to take into account in a permeability experiment. These findings are important for extending permeability measurements to other gases than oxygen and to gas mixtures.


We present results of IUE observations (λλ1200-3200) of the erupting system HD 5980 obtained in 1994 November and December. The 1994 spectrum presents emission lines from ions such as N III, Si II-III and Al III which were absent in 1991. There is a systematic tendency towards higher degrees of ionization over the 44 days covered by the present observations. At the start of the observations on HJD 2449674 the UV continuum flux at 1850 A is a factor of ~2 larger than in 1991, declining by 30% in 18 days, followed by a tendency to once again increase. FES magnitudes indicate a rapid decline in visual brightness after maximum in the eruption. Wind speeds as high as ~1700 km s-1 are measured although the P Cygni absorption components are highly peculiar, containing several emission-like "bumps," the most prominent of which lies at 920 km s-1. We conclude that the eruption occurred in the primary star of the 19.3 day orbital pair, the one classified as WN4 by Breysacher et al. and which now is displaying an LBV-type event. The phenomena in HD 5980 provide evidence supporting evolutionary scenarios in which pulsationally unstable, H-rich WN stars precede the LBV phase.


The article analyzes the cause of lowefficiency in teaching Eloquence and Writing in Higher Vocational Colleges and puts forward some countermeasures. The fundamental reason of low efficiency is that traditional teaching patterns cannot help achieve the curriculum goal. Practical teaching must be undertaken as a major teaching method, and practical teaching model must be constructed.


Purpose: The aquatic environment, including rivers and lakes, is crucial for the breeding and survival of fish and other animals.
Findings: However, these environments are vulnerable to both intentional and unintentional environmental pollution, which can have detrimental effects on the ecosystem and its inhabitants.
Methodology: Therefore, there is a pressing need for continuous monitoring of the aquatic environment to detect and address pollution in a timely manner. The challenge lies in establishing a monitoring system that can provide a continuous flow of information regarding the quality and health of the aquatic environment. Traditional monitoring methods often involve costly and time-consuming procedures, limiting their effectiveness in providing real-time data.
Recommendations: To address this, there is a demand for low-cost and timely sensor technologies that can be deployed extensively to monitor various parameters of the aquatic environment, such as water quality, pollution levels, and ecosystem health. The proposed system one step for developing and implementation a low-cost sensor technology that are capable of monitoring various parameters of the aquatic environment. To be established a robust and scalable monitoring system that can handle large-scale deployment of sensors in rivers and lakes.


An 80-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with pain in the right groin. Subsequently, she developed more generalized abdominal pain that was associated with nausea and vomiting. On examination, she had generalized abdominal tenderness and hyperactive bowel sounds. Blood tests revealed a leucocytosis (19.7 ¥ 10/L) and a minor increase in C-reactive protein (28 mg/ L). A plain X-ray of her abdomen showed diffuse dilatation of the small bowel (Fig. 1). A computed tomography (CT) scan (Fig. 2) showed small bowel protruding through the right obturator foramen (arrow). Surgery was performed using an extraperitoneal approach. An obturator hernia was confirmed and a loop of viable ileum was removed from the hernia sac. The hernia was then repaired taking care to avoid injury to the obturator nerve and vessels. An obturator hernia is a rare disorder that mostly occurs in elderly women, particularly after significant weight loss. The hernia passes through the obturator canal that is bounded above by the superior pubic ramus and below by the free upper edge of the obturator membrane. The obturator foramen is larger in women than in men and is usually filled with fat as well as the obturator vessels and nerves. When hernias occur, the most common complication is incarceration of a small bowel loop with strangulation and small bowel obstruction. In a minority of patients (20%), this is associated with a mass high on the medial aspect of the thigh. Less common presentations include strangulation without bowel obstruction (Richter's hernia), recurrent episodes of bowel obstruction and pain that radiates down the inner aspect of the thigh. In the setting of small bowel obstruction, a preoperative diagnosis is uncommon as most patients do not have a palpable mass. A CT scan was helpful in the patient described above but the sensitivity of CT or ultrasound for the diagnosis of strangulated obturator hernias remains unclear. In patients with a preoperative diagnosis, the best surgical procedure involves a midline incision and an extraperitoneal approach. However, a transperitoneal approach will be necessary in those patients with intestinal obstruction of unknown cause.


Almost stirring devices used blades to stir materials, by the existence of which some efforts were necessary to wash stirring tanks or to exchange materials. So the purpose of this study was to develop devices to stir materials by Coriolis force with no blade. A cylinder rotating around horizontal axis was put on the turntable rotating around vertical axis. The vortex in the rotating cylinder was inclined in the directions upper right or lower right by the effects of Coriolis force. As the speed of turntable was increased, the vortex was collapsed. The phenomena were expected applicable to stirring process and washing process. To examine the effects of stirring process, two types of material were used, that is, undiluted solution of the aqueous paint and washing paste (polyvinyl alcohol). As a result, successful conditions of stirring process became clear with the relations among rotation numbers of capsule, rotation numbers of turntable and diameters of capsule. As an application to cooking, milk shake was cooked at various rotation numbers, and it became clear that it was cooked well when successful conditions were satisfied. As an application to washing, small pieces of the cotton cloth were colored with red ink, and they were washed in a capsule at various rotation numbers, and it became clear that they were washed well, when successful conditions were satisfied.


In esophageal cancer, metastases in regional lymph nodes occur early and are a poor prognostic factor. We studied intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic vessel density, and intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion using D2-40 immunohistochemical staining in 74 resected esophageal cancer specimens and correlated results with patients' clinicopathologic features and outcomes. Results were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression as well as univariate and multivariate survival analysis. The peritumoral lymphatic vessel density was significantly higher than the intratumoral lymphatic vessel density (p < 0.001). The peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and intratumoral lymphatic vessel density positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage, depth of tumor invasion, and residual tumor. Positive intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor size, tumor depth, stage, and residual tumor. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified intratumoral lymphatic vessel density (p = 0.028) and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion (p = 0.036) as risk factors of lymph node metastasis. Cox regression analysis showed that intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion are independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival (p = 0.018, p = 0.021), cancer-specific survival (p = 0.016, p = 0.025), and overall survival (p = 0.017, p = 0.02). Intratumoral lymphatics and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion are predictive factors of lymph node metastasis. Intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion are independent prognostic factors in locally advanced esophageal cancer.


Accompanies Oyster Mortality Study, 1966/1967 report. "Tables 1 through 5 give salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and pH data for Yaquina Bay while Table 6 gives temperature and salinity for Tillamook and Coos bays." "This information appears in the quarterly and annual reports as either mean values or ranges, but is presented in the following tables as collected. It is hoped that this information can be used for comparison in areas where high oyster mortalities occur." (from the Introduction)


An experimental study on the stresses in the blades of Marine Propellers due to centrifugal forces and hydrodynamically generated steady and unsteady loadings is presented. The fundamental relations between the propeller blade stresses and the conditions of propeller loading, propeller speed and ship speed were verified by means of model experiments. According to the general laws of similarity, extrapolation factors are derived for the prediction of the stresses to be expected at full size.


The Poet deuised the Eglogue long after the other dramatick poems, not of purpose to counterfait or represent the rusticall manner of loues and communication, but vnder the vaile of homely persons and in rude speeches to insinuate and glaunce at greater matters, and such as perchance had not bene safe to haue beene disclosed in any other sort, which may be perceiued by the Eglogues of Virgill, in which are treated by figure matters of greater importance than the loues of Titirus and Corydon. These Eglogues came after to containe and enforme morall discipline, for the amendment of mans behauiour, as be those of Mantuan and other moderne Poets.George Puttenham, The Arte of English Poesie (1589) The modern attitude to ancient pastoral — that is to say, the attitude of the contemporary reader of ancient poetry, in which I naturally include the contemporary teacher of ancient poetry — is in need of reformation. Misformed by the preciosity of eighteenth century bucolic and the reductive strictures of Johnsonian rationalism, misshaped by the nineteenth century's post-Romantic aversion to 'imitation" and 'artifice" (the aberrations of Conington and Page — 'The Eclogues idealise reality and render it artificial" — are still in evidence) and by its limited conceptions — 'misconceptions" would be more accurate — of 'originality', 'spontaneity', 'sincerity', 'reality" and 'truth', misfashioned by the hierarchical imperatives of the theory of literary kinds, the prevalent contemporary attitude (there are distinguished exceptions) to ancient pastoral poetry is distancing, trivialising, condescending and cosy — 'cosy" because unaffected by the spiritual life of the poems themselves, their intellectual, moral and aesthetic stringency, determination, significance.


An expert system for evaluating rotary ultrasonic machining, in concurrent engineering environment and based on object oriented techniques, is developed. The design specification is obtained through a feature based approach.  Different classes of design features are interactively acquired. The attributes of different hard and brittle materials like glass, composite, stone and ceramic as work piece materials are stored in database. The system is also linked with tool material and machine databases. For each design feature, information is needed in manufacturing, such as machining cycle time, and cost, penetration rate, and efficiency are estimated by the expert system. Software system such as expert system based on object oriented technique is used to develop the expert system. The system links with a feature based CAD system in order to extract design data. The expert system provides useful information such as machining cycle time and cost, penetration rate, efficiency of machining of the selected design feature for product designers and advises of manufacturing engineers to select optimum machining parameters. In order to test the validity of the system, results of expert system is compared with the results of experimental rotary ultrasonic machining.


To interrogate the inequitable amount of feedback provided by the instructor to each student in class, this study targeted at exploring the possibility of facilitating learning via peer feedback. Learning with peers is found to be beneficial to both disciplinary skills and learning motivation. Without time and space limits, educators can easily take advantage of social media develop online learning communities that empower students to conduct peer learning by giving feedback to each other. This research collected peer feedback in a Facebook private group of an introductory statistics course at a national university in northern Taiwan. Participants were 34 graduate students in the course. After analyzing and coding messages in the Facebook group into four levels (i.e., task, process, self-regulation, and self), this study found that students primarily received task-level feedback (40.79%) but infrequently received self-level feedback (8.48%). In addition, this study utilized machine learning techniques to examine the effect of different feedback levels on students' learning motivation. Results showed that self-regulation-level feedback stimulated autonomous regulation, but process-level feedback undermined it. From a student-centered perspective, this study proposed a practical framework promoting learning equity about receiving feedback. The present study implemented learning analytics, linking empirical evidence and motivational theory. It implies that teachers can promote learning equity by engaging students to initiate self-regulation level feedback for each other.


Surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles causes, among other optical effects, the enhancement of Raman signal known as SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) and the increase of local temperature. In this work, we present an experimental (SERS)/theoretical (Mie theory) study of such effects for cresyl violet (CV) adsorbed on Au nanoparticle clusters.


The authors explore the difficult fate of high relief, which was a part of the monument to Empress Catherine the Great, which was built in Simferopol to the 100th anniversary of the joining of Crimea to Russia. The monument was destroyed after the establishment of Soviet power in the peninsula, but the high relief preserved in the collection of the Crimean Regional Museum. Before the beginning of the Nazi occupation its evacuation in Armavir was carried out. During this time it was lost and found again, but the history of the origin of the valuable exhibits was forgotten. In 2015 the museum workers of Kuban and Crimea established the identity of Armavir high relief and evacuated from Simferopol fragment of the monument to Empress Catherine.


The objective of this paper is to reveal the factors that determine customers' satisfaction of eMarketplaces in Saudi Arabia. Six hypotheses were postulated based on an extensive literature review in terms of security, complementary services, strong infrastructures, reliability and regulatory requirements of eMarketplaces. A survey (n=337) was carried out using convenience online tools. The sample comprised participants who have involved on eMarketplaces activities. Participants then been divided into two different groups based on their age, experience and their involvement in the technology. The first group was students (n=156) and the second group was non-students (n=181). An exploratory factor analysis followed by a confirmatory factor analysis run in SPSS which been used to test the validity of the model for each group. The survey results support all five factors from the original model with differences between the two groups regarding the strong infrastructures and regulatory requirements factors, indicating that the modified, model labeled M2 can be utilized in enhancing customer satisfaction with eMarketplaces among Saudi users.


Abstract : Studies of solid Bi2Te3 thermal conductivity at high temperatures, particularly above its melting point, remain practically incomplete. The experimental device described herein features melt qualities, unobtainable with other equipment, and yielding greater accuracy and reliability when measuring solid or liquid state thermal conductivity alone or in conjunction with thermo-emf over a wide temperature range.


The effects of Hall currents have been studied on the hydromagnetic stability of a self-gravitating, incompressible, viscous and finitely conducting plasma of variable density. For a uniform and horizontal magnetic field which is present, it is shown that the problem is characterized by a variational principle. Making use of this, proper solutions have been obtained for a semi-infinite plasma in which the density varies one-dimensionally (exponentially) along the vertical. The dispersion relation has been solved numerically for the different values of the parameters involved. It is found that the growth rate increases with both the Hall currents and resistivity, showing thereby the destabilizing character of these effects. However, the influence of viscosity is found to be stabilizing as the growth rate decreases with viscosity.


It depends on the artist . . . a lot of artists are more socially engaged, like myself. I'm very interested in political situations, particularly now and how personal politics have become. When you talk about politics in this country now, you're not talking about European trade agreements. You're talking about Newt's book deal, Bill and Hillary, OJ. Simpson. All of these issues, for example, the biggest one, which is, is there an ideal family . . . so, you've got like powerful things being played out, powerful personal things being played out in the political arena. And it's a very, very fascinating time now to see how the personal and the political intersect. So, I think in those cases, some artists have responsibilities.


Besides, the following properties are usually required: (i) high purity, avoiding either catalyst poisoning or the promotion of unwanted side reactions, (ii) large volumes of meso/macropores to avoid diffusion limitations, and (iii) potential specific metalsupport interactions that can have positive effects on the catalytic activity and selectivity. Amongst the many carbon supports available, carbon nanofilaments (carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibres) [3] and carbon xerogels [4][5][6] fulfill the mentioned requirements.


Polarized infrared (IR) absorption measurements on CN - or OH - centers in cadmium halide and PbI 2 crystals were carried out at 6 K with a high spectral resolution of 0.025 cm -1 at 2000 cm -1 by using a FTIR spectrometer. Several sharp absorption lines with widths less than 0.1 cm -1 are observed in the energy region of the stretching vibration, i.e. 2000 to 2250 cm -1 for CN - and 2500 to 4500 cm -1 for OH - . These lines are classified into several groups attributed to (1) an isolated center simply substituted for a halogen ion, (2) an interstitial center located between the cadmium and halogen ion sheets and (3) a coupled center with an anion vacancy or a host metal ion. Almost all of the dipole axes (bond axes) of the CN - ions doped in MI 2 (M = Cd or Pb) are parallel to the crystal c -axes, while those of the isolated and coupled CN - centers in CdX 2 (X = Cl or Br) lean away from the direction of the c -axis. The most OH - ions doped in CdX 2 (X = Cl, Br or I) and PbI 2 are arranged in the haloge...


In the horizon of psycho-philosophy,marriage is not just the combination of two individuals(husband and wife),and romantic love cannot be the emotional foundation of marriage.Only when the individuals are integrated into the ethical substance of marriage by spirit,and the romance love turns into an ethical emotion,can their marriage be a harmonious one.Therefore,enhancing the ethics education and guiding marriage activities with marital ethical norms can be viewed as effective approaches to tackling relevant marital issues in current society.


EDITOR—In its preoccupation with cancer, heart disease, and mental health, the Department of Health has begun to lose sight of the quality of life issues surrounding long term illness. Although the BMJ special issue on chronic diseases addressed the importance of considering the needs of people with chronic conditions, I was disappointed not to see any examples from dermatology …


The main contents of this article are the practical application of a new technology about the tension online detection and control, including the tension control in the production process and the winding process. For example, the optical fiber winding, the winding of roving, the winding of loose cone frame, special fancy yarns winding and so on. The new function is so strong that can be used in many aspects, which can meet the special production requirements and improve the product quality.


Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the results of our therapeutic recommendations for EMR and surgical operation using thin-probe EUS for patients with early colorectal neoplasms. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic recommendation for using EUS and the results in 63 lesions of 63 patients. When the depth of the change for the third layer (submucosal layer) was 1 millimeter or more, we recommended surgical operation(EUS operation-recommended group). Results: Surgical operation was suitable for all of lesions in the EUS-operation-recommended group (23 lesions of 23 patients). Conclusion: We think that a change of 1 millimeter or more in the third layer (corresponding to the submucosal layer) in EUS for colorectal neoplasms may be a useful finding for surgical decision making. Correspondence to: Hideo Yanai, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kanmon Medical Center, 1-1 Sotoura, Shimonoseki-752-8510, Japan, Tel: +81-83-2411199; Fax: 81-83-241-1301; E-mail: yanaih@kanmon-mc2. hosp. go. jp


Yellow poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera ) was chosen as the woody biomass for the production of charcoal for use in a liquid fuel slurry. Charcoal produced from this biomass resulted in a highly porous structure similar to the parent material. Micronized particles were produced from this charcoal using a multi-step milling process and verified using a scanning electron microscope and laser diffraction system. Charcoal particles greater than 50 µm exhibited long needle shapes much like the parent biomass while particles less than 50 µm were produced with aspect ratios closer to unity. Laser diffraction measurements indicated D10, D50, and D90 values of 4.446 µm, 15.83 µm, and 39.69 µm, respectively. Moisture content, ash content, absolute density, and energy content values were also measured for the charcoal particles produced. Calculated volumetric energy density values for the charcoal particles exceeded the No. 2 diesel fuel that would be displaced in a liquid fuel slurry.


The infrared multiphoton (IRMP) induced photolysis of several oxetanes is examined at low pressures (ca. 100 mtorr) while experimental variables such as laser frequency, laser energy, bath gas, and bath gas pressure are altered. The products of the IRMP induced photolysis of 2-acyl-3-ethoxy-2-methyloxetane, Ox1, are primary biacetyl and ethyl vinyl ether. When the photolysis is run with the collimated beam of a CO/sub 2/ laser (1-3 J/cm/sup 2/) luminescence is observed. The intensity of the luminescence varies with the efficiency of the unimolecular decomposition of the oxetane. On the basis of the spectral distribution and temporal behavior of the luminescence following irradiation of Ox1, the emitter is believed to be vibrationally hot electronically excited biacetyl. Similar experiments with 2,2-dimethyl-3-ethoxyoxetane give a weaker emission apparently due to excited-state acetone. Results are discussed in terms of the reverse of the Paterno-Buchi reaction - a diabatic retrophotocycloaddition. 52 references, 6 figures, 3 tables.


We study one-dimensional Schr\"{o}dinger operators $\mathrm{S}(q)$ on the space $L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$ with potentials $q$ being complex-valued generalized functions from the negative space $H_{unif}^{-1}(\mathbb{R})$. Particularly the class $H_{unif}^{-1}(\mathbb{R})$ contains periodic and almost periodic $H_{loc}^{-1}(\mathbb{R})$-functions. We establish an equivalence of the various definitions of the operators $\mathrm{S}(q)$, investigate their approximation by operators with smooth potentials from the space $L_{unif}^{1}(\mathbb{R})$ and prove that the spectrum of each operator $\mathrm{S}(q)$ lies within a certain parabola.


in view Dr. Mellone has put the alternative proposition alongside of the old disjunctive and made a brief statement about relational propositions. But the new material is quite slight in its extent, and it makes no change in the author's point of view. The other reason for making a new book was that Dr. Mellone had come, quite rightly, to think that his former book, like most textbooks for beginners, made the treatment of the theory of induction and the exposition of the inductive methods unnecessarily difficult by mixing it up with criticism of Mill's empiricism. If any depth is lost by the avoidance of a preoccupation with Mill's views and errors, there is a corresponding gain in simplicity and clarity which will be welcomed by students. For it is a mistake to attempt more in a beginners' book than merely to suggest the deeper logical problems: if they ever come to study the more advanced problems, they ought to have passed beyond a beginners' textbook. Dr. Mellone is a good expositor, and his new book will be found quite useful by teachers who maintain that a study of formal logic and of elementary induction still have an educational value. But he might have made up his mind more firmly about what was necessary for the presentation of the subject. If the distinction between absolute and relative names is "of no logical importance" (p. 29), surely it ought not to have been mentioned at all: and the same may be said of a similar remark on page 210. It was the less necessary to cumber the text with obsolete or unnecessary matter, presumably on the poor ground that some examiners might require it, inasmuch as Dr. Mellone appends an admirable glossary in which technical terms are briefly and clearly explained. Misprints have not been eliminated from the review copy. There is a bad one on page 104, where from has crept into the text, and there are others on page 190 {have employed for have been employed), page 193 (pully for pulley— but this may be Dewey's American spelling), and page 195 (affirmative for affirmation).


An observational study was carried out with student subjects from a programming class. The goal of the study was to understand the impact of diierent programming languages on the productivity of the students. Students used a language of their choice (C or SML) for the homeworks and recorded eeort expended to complete the assignments. An automated infrastructure was created for homework submission. Data analysis showed that in one of the four programming homeworks students using a functional language (SML) were more productive than students using an imperative language (C) (p < 0:05). There was no signiicant diierence for the other three homeworks.


Swales Aerospace is engaged in the development of a Centralized Thermal Bus (CTB), which stands to significantly increase the capability, flexibility, and scalability of a small or micro-sat bus. The CTB is a multievaporator hybrid loop heat pipe (MEHLHP). It combines the best qualities of both capillary pumped loops and loop heat pipes while improving operational robustness, simplifying mission modes and system deployment/startup. Key benefits of the CTB are: multiple load heat transport, heat load sharing, eliminating thermal attitude constraints, and increasing operational reliability. These capabilities offer the spacecraft bus designer new design solutions. For instance, the CTB enables the designer to package/locate components independently of the thermal design, offering the mechanical designer opportunities to reduce packaging volume and associated mass (Swales' EO-1 smallsat example will be presented, increasing available payload mass by >18%). In addition, the CTB optimizes the thermal design of the satellite system by sharing the heat loads from components that are powered on with those that are powered off, thus eliminating the majority of survival heaters, switching circuits, and associated thermostats (significantly reducing thermal control power). Key developments (from Space Technology 8 [ST-8] and Swales IR&D) and testbed validation results and progress will be presented in order to familiarize the small/microsat community with this emerging capability. A "Futuresat" analysis of space, surface, and exploration systems provides a suite of application reference missions to enable a full understanding of the CTB adaptability.


An interline-transfer CCD imager with "floating photodiodes" is described and demonstrated. The new cell design combines the transfer gate and a gate electrode of the vertical shift register into a single gate, eliminating the first level polysilicon layer, It consequently requires two levels of polysilicon instead of three, and results in a simple structure. The floating photodiodes fabricated by ion implantation provide high sensitivity even at short wavelengths. A quantum efficiency of 20% at 400 nm light has been obtained from the 488 × 385-element imager fabricated using a two-level polysilicon gate technology. This cell design offers significant advantages in high performance and potentially high yield.


A mathematical model for simulating the penetration, propagation and absorption of radiation within crop canopies of random leaf distribution is presented. Although the treatment of radiation penetration is based on well known theory, a new approach is developed for tracing the quantity and direction of reflected and transmitted radiation. This approach allows for multiple reflection and transmission up to any required level of accuracy, reflection from the soil, upward as well as downward flux and provides an explicit account of the quantities and direction of scattered radiation. These features will be of most significance at wavelengths where absorption is lowest such as the near-infrared wavebands which are important in remote sensing applications. The approach taken also allows for more flexible consideration of foliage angle which will be most relevant in the photosynthetically active waveband where absorption is high.

The predictions of the downward and upward travelling flux densities are compared under ideal conditions with measurements made in canopies of known architecture with three different species, under both clear and overcast skies. Good agreement was obtained in all cases. The expected model deviation in the case of non-random foliage distribution is demonstrated, and the implications for further model development indicated.


The present invention addresses the problem of deterioration of cooling performance when stabilizing cooling performance in refrigeration system using refrigerant circulation. The cooling device according to the present invention comprises: a heat receiving unit which receives heat in order to generate a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant; and a refrigerant processing device which separates the gas-phase refrigerant contained in the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, causes the gas-phase refrigerant to heat exchange with high-temperature refrigerant liquid flowing from a heat exchange system, and supplies the gas-phase refrigerant to the heat exchange system.


In 2013-2014, a new software and hardware controlling complex was developed and installed on the UTR-2 radio telescope. Controlling complex is designed for planning observations of discrete cosmic radio sources and areas of the celestial sphere, for programming control of UTR-2 pattern position with UTC time scale synchronization, for monitoring of control codes execution, as well as for control of other UTR-2 systems. Operating and control of the radio telescope parameters are carrying out by a host computer in a local area network or by Internet via a control and monitoring unit based on the ARM microcontroller STMicroelectronics of the STM32 set. The functionality of the new complex significantly automates the radio telescope operation. The report describes the structure of this complex, basic functionality and implemented radio telescope operating modes.


These poems attempt to make sense of, or render more endurable, acute marriage difficulties. From this painful, raw material, the poet constructs a vivid portrait of conflict and estrangement, lightened by tender recollections, darkened by moments of despair. The power of these poems, their ability to transcend the casual or confessional, owes much to Houston's artful use of traditional forms, especially the villanelle and sonnet. Astringent, intelligent, and lyrical, these poems have much to offer the discerning reader.


According to the Department of Business, Innovations and Skills (BIS 2013), the United Kingdom's construction industry in 2011 consisted of 280,000 firms employing close to 3 million people. This number contrasts with the newest data reported by the European Center for Small and Medium Enterprises (EU SME 2013) showing that China's number of construction employees declined from 42 million in 2010 to 36 million people in 2012. It is apparent that both countries are served by large numbers of construction companies providing work for employees but that the number of such companies is 10 times higher in China than in the United Kingdom. As will be discussed later, such vast industries on two different continents require special consideration in the design and execution of scientific surveys. Data collected without adhering to basic standards that ensure statistical validity lead to misleading and often incorrect conclusions even if proper mathematical procedures are used.


Let $\E$ be an ordinary elliptic curve over a finite field $\F_{q}$ of $q$ elements and $x(Q)$ denote the $x$-coordinate of a point $Q = (x(Q),y(Q))$ on $\E$. Given an $\F_q$-rational point $P$ of order $T$, we show that for any subsets $\cA, \cB$ of the unit group of the residue ring modulo $T$, at least one of the sets $$ \{x(aP) + x(bP) : a \in \cA, b \in \cB\} \quad\text{and}\quad \{x(abP) : a \in \cA, b \in \cB\} $$ is large. This question is motivated by a series of recent results on the sum-product problem over finite fields and other algebraic structures.


Abstract There are various methods for measuring flow rates in rivers, but all of them have practical issues and challenges. A period of exceptionally high water levels revealed substantial discrepancies between two measurement setups in the same waterway. Finding a causal explanation of the discrepancies was important, as the problem might have ramifications for other flow-rate measurement setups as well. Finding the causes of problems is called diagnostic problem-solving. We applied a branch-and-prune strategy, in which we worked with a hierarchy of hypotheses, and used statistical analysis as well as domain knowledge to rule out options. We were able to narrow down the potential explanations to one main suspect and an alternative explanation. Based on the analysis, we discuss the role of statistical techniques in diagnostic problem-solving and reasoning patterns that make the application of statistics powerful. The contribution to theory in statistics is not in the individual techniques but in their application and integration in a coherent sequence of studies – a reasoning strategy.


This article presents all views put forward so far about the identity of the inventor of Hunminjeongeum and seeks to find an evidence-based answer to this question by examining each of these views. The debate as to who is the inventor of Hunminjeongeum arose from the intuitive doubt about the possibility of a King creating an elaborate writing system alone and the lacking records about the from the process of the creation of Hunminjeongeum from beginning to end in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. Seong Hyeon's Yongjaechonghwa substantially contributed to the birth of the myths that Hunminjeongeum was invented by the collaboration of Munjong and Jiphyeonjeon scholars. Seong Hyeon influenced many scholars of his time and later the scholars of the School of Practical Learning. Writings that deny the sole inventorship of King Sejong without presenting reliable evidence cannot be accepted as reliable resources. There are a number of reliable historical documents that prove that King Sejong invented Hunminjeongeum alone. Denying the sole invention of Hunminjeongeum by King Sejong without presenting any evidence that can override the veracity of the historical resources of the official records and publications can be defined as the results of unscientific imagination.


The high traffic volume in Chinese universities brings issues including accessibility and safety, which requires careful evaluation of campus-traffic with a quantitative and qualitative method. A multilevel index system based on attribute mathematical recognition is proposed. The upper-level includes five indexes, namely efficiency, accessibility, comfort, safety and traffic calming, which are further divided into the lower-level indexes. The indexes' weights are determined by variation coefficient method and the campus traffic level was identified by the confidence rules to avoid unreasonable estimation. A case study of Sun Yat-sen University East Campus is presented, whose travel environment was just passable in 2007 but greatly improved since 2009 after the road reconstruction and traffic regulations suggested by the authors. The evaluation accords with the opinion poll and the method is practical, rational and suitable for comparison.


Reading development is a complex cognitive process, and instruction must be guided by the science of what works, for whom, and under which conditions. Students with learning disabilities (LD) in reading require high-quality reading instruction and, often, intensive intervention delivered by knowledgeable teachers. Yet, many teachers enter the field unprepared to teach reading. This special series in Intervention in School and Clinic brings together teacher-educators and reading researchers for a collection of articles that address critical issues related to training future special education teachers. These articles describe the design and delivery of reading methods courses in special education teacher preparation programs, including usable, practical strategies for teacher-educators to implement.


We report a twelve-wavelength hybrid microdisk laser array coupled to a SOI bus waveguide through DVS-BCB bonding technique. Twelve-wavelength output is achieved with channel spacing of about 1.5 nm, and the thermal resistance of 3.17 K/mW is predicted.


This paper presents a novel approach to the design of filters which are suitable for eventual realization in monolithic form. The method is based on the use of sampled-data-analog signals and is related to the wave digital filter in its design techniques. Designs for a prototype sixth-order Chebyshev bandpass filter and a third-order low-pass filter, containing zeros of transmission at de and infinity, are presented. Good agreement with theory is obtained for the practical circuits realized in discrete form.


The study was performed with financial support from the RF Presidential Grants programme for Russian beginner researchers who are PhD holders (MК-6409.2018.6). This article provides description of the psychological adaptation mechanisms in Arctic oil and gas rotational workers belonging to different occupational categories. Although the mechanisms of human adaptation to harsh climate and rotational work in general have been addressed in numerous publications that give insights into their medical and psychological sides, they lack systematization and classification, in particular with regard to psychological and socio-psychological adaptation patterns in mining workers. Our study covered the oil and gas industry employees working on a rotation basis in Nenets Autonomous Area – a total of 70 individuals aged between 24 and 60. Such processes as self-regulation, psychological defense and socio-psychological adaptation have been found to vary in oil and gas belonging to different occupational categories.


The paper aims to present the procedure applied to the monitoring and diagnosis of thermal stresses of electrical equipment by means of infrared technique. A case study is presented with an analysis of an event identified by infrared thermography. The warmer the body in question, the higher the energy emitted in the form of infrared radiation. Basically, infrared (IR) thermography also allows us to see what we cannot normally see with the naked eye. Infrared thermographic cameras allow viewing the thermal spectrum and identifying problems by quantifying them in a non-contact measurement and presenting the results obtained in the form of technical reports. If either faulty electrical equipment or unsuitable electrical charging conditions, or damaged metal or non-metallic components are encountered, they are usually due to abnormal temperature patterns that can be highlighted by infrared thermographic cameras. Monitoring and diagnosing the thermal stresses of electrical equipment by infrared thermography is one of the most common methods currently applied in transformer substations.


We present a theory that explains long time delays. Q-switching and related phenomena in GaAs junction lasers, based only on processes known to occur in these lasers.


Experiments were conducted in the green house and laboratory premises of Kyungpook National University from June to September, 2008 to compare flowering characteristics, pollen viability and germination rate of transgenic rice line(leaf-folder resistant rice) and non-transgenic rice cultivar, Nakdongbyeo. The study on flowering characteristics showed that non-transgenic cultivar, Nakdongbyeo had 2-3 days earlier flowering than that of transgenic line, however there was overlapping of 2-3 days in flowering between two genotypes. Moreover, flowering completed within 14 days irrespective of seeding and transplanting dates because of photoperiod and temperature sensitivity of rice genotypes. The reaction of pollen with 3- {4,5 dimethylthiazolyl-2 }-2,5-diphenyl monotetrazolium bromide(MTT) as a staining chemical immediately after pollen dehiscence showed pollen viability of 72% in Nakdongbeyo and 61% in transgenic rice line. The mean difference of pollen viability between non-transgenic cultivar and transgenic line was not significantly different by F-test indicating transformation did not affect pollen viability of the cultivar, Nakdongbyeo. Our preliminary experiment on pollen germination showed that Nakdongbyeo, had germination rate of 26, 16 and 14%, while that of transgenic line had 20, 13 and 12% on sucrose, boric acid and calcium nitrate media, respectively. Result of this study on flowering characteristics, pollen viability and germination has elucidated that transgenic line might not be different from that of non-transformed cultivar, Nakdongbyeo, for all those characteristics thereby indicating possibility of pollen-mediated gene flow to compatible cultivated and weedy species. However, further study on in vitro pollen germination rate of transgenic line would elucidate fully regarding potential threat on pollen-mediated gene flow.


USING in situ hybridization histochemistry we have studied the effect of glucose and fat deprivation on galanin-R1 receptor (GAL-R1-R) mRNA levels in the rat paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei after single and repeated i.p. administration of a glucose antimetabolite 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DG), as well as of a fatty acid antimetabolite, sodium mercaptoacetate (MA), treatments known to increase food intake. Both DG and MA injections caused an increase in levels of GAL-R1 mRNA transcripts in the PVN and SON. These results indicate that glucose and fat deprivation increase the sensitivity of PVN and SON neurons to galanin, and that regulation of receptor levels may be an important mechanism in galaninergic signalling.


INTRODUCTION: The extracellular matrix (ECM) derived bioscaffolds, specifically the porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS), have been used to improve the healing of ligament and tendon injuries in orthopedics with success [1, 2]. Yet, since they are mostly xenografts, there are immunogenic concerns regarding their application in human. Recently, a gene-knockout pig has been developed, in which a major antigenic epitope, the Gal α 1-3 Gal β1-4 GlcNAc (Gal), which causes the acute rejection of porcine xenografts in humans has been eliminated [3]. The ECM bioscaffolds derived from these pigs (Gal knockout bioscaffolds), therefore, have the advantage of eliciting limited immunorejection responses, which is promising to promote their application in humans to enhance ligament and tendon healing. Nevertheless, it is important to confirm that the knockout bioscafolds have similar properties to the wild type ones. One of the major properties of the ECM bioscaffolds for their effectiveness in healing is that they contain bioactive factors, such as fibronectins (facilitating host cell attachment, cell growth and differentiation) and growth factors like TGF-β (regulating cell differentiation, matrix protein productions, etc.). Therefore, the research question under study was whether the Gal knockout SIS still contained these bioactive factors. The objective was to confirm that the presence of Gal epitopes was eliminated in the Gal knockout SIS and determine the expressions of fibronectin and TGF-β in it via immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining.


A novel Physical Layer Security (PLS) framework is conceived for enhancing the security of the wireless communication systems by exploiting multi-domain polarization in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. We design a sophisticated key generation scheme based on multi-domain polarization, and the corresponding receivers. An in-depth analysis of the system's secrecy rate is provided, demonstrating the confidentiality of our approach in the presence of eavesdroppers having strong computational capabilities. More explicitly, our simulation results and theoretical analysis corroborate the advantages of the proposed scheme in terms of its bit error rate (BER), block error rate (BLER), and maximum achievable secrecy rate. Our findings indicate that the innovative PLS framework effectively enhances the security and reliability of wireless communication systems. For instance, in a $4\times4$ MIMO setup, the proposed PLS strategy exhibits an improvement of $2$dB compared to conventional MIMO, systems at a BLER of $2\cdot 10^{-5}$ while the eavesdropper's BLER reaches $1$.


A considerable number of instances are known in which an extrachromosomal element induces hybrid inviability or sterility in interracial or interspecific crosses. The element does not appear to be harmful to its carrier. However, it becomes harmful when combined with the foreign genome of other races or species (e.g., Drosophila, Ehrman, 1960, Dobzhansky and Pavlovsky, 1967; mosquito, reviewed by Laven, 1967; Epilobium, Michaelis, 1959; maize, reviewed by Duvick, 1965; wheat, reviewed by Kihara and Tsunewaki, 1967). Thus, the extrachromosomal element, even if it is a symbiotic microorganism, appears to be concerned with reproductive isolation by integrating into the genetic system of a race or species. At the initial stage of speciation, the element may be harmful or unfavorable to the carrier and carried by only a few members of the population. However, if the element becomes favorable to the carrier in the process of speciation, the number of carriers might increase, and, finally most members of the population would carry the element. Although nothing is actually known of this process, the problem is very interesting to students of population genetics. The extrachromosomal element, delta, reported on in a previous paper in this series (Minamori, 1969a) was recognized because it produces ratio distortion in matings between certain second chromosome lines, denoted as sensitive chromosome lines. The distortion was interpreted to be due to differential mortality of zygotes; namely, zygotes carrying two sensitive chromosomes may be killed by delta more frequently than those carrying one sensitive chromosome. The killing action of delta was expressed near the time of hatching, as egglarval mortality. There were two, kinds of sensitive chromosomes. One kind induced the distortion when females of this kind mated with males of any sensitive line (e.g., bwD, S-5, S-7, S-9; Minamori, 1969a; symbolized Sb). This kind of sensitive chromosome was assumed to carry a semidominant gene(s) which allows the multiplication of delta (loc. cit.). The other kind induced the ratio distortion solely when males of this kind mated with females of the above noted Sb chromosome line (e.g., Pm chromosome; loc. cit., symbolized Sc). Hence, the Sc chromosome line noted second was not considered to be carrying delta. The first aim of this study was to analyze variations among second chromosomes isolated from a natural population, in their behavior with delta. In an earlier period of this study, delta was thought to be transmitted through females and not through males of chromosome line Sb. However, it was found in further studies that delta may be transmitted even through Sb males, though the amount transmitted may be minute (Minamori, 1969b). The evidence for this phenomenon was that females of later generations of a sensitive line established from males of line Sb and females of Cy/Pm stock (Cy chromosome was insensitive; Pm chromosome was SC) were found to produce the ratio distortion. It was also found that the amount of delta in the above line had been gradually accumulated over many generations. This finding seemed to suggest that flies carrying the Sb chromosome in a population may vary in the amount of delta they carry.


Abstract Large polycyclic o-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates are easily obtained by reaction of commercially available bisaryne precursors with cyclopentadienones. The transformation involves controlled generation of one of the aryne functionalities, trapping by Diels–Alder reaction with a dienone, and chelotropic extrusion of CO. The newly synthesized triflates are precursors of acene-based arynes, including a didehydropentacene.


For A an infinite countable set containing infinitely many distinct natural integers and B an infinite countable set containing infinitely many distinct natural integers such that ∀n ∈ A,n ∈ B and ∀m ∈ B,m ∈ A, we demonstrate that it is possible that A 6= B by exposing infinitely many counter-examples in which, for each counterexemple, A and B are respectively two sample spaces of two probability spaces having different probabilities for similar events. We thus prove that the axiom of extensionality is false for infinite countable sets. MSC2020 : 03E30, 03E65, 05A05, 60C05 — Mots clés : axiome d'extensionnalité, ensemble infini dénombrable, bijection, permutation, espace de probabilité, univers. MSC2020 : 03E30, 03E65, 05A05, 60C05 —


In some important engineering applications, gas flows are often found to be hydrodynamic in one part of device and highly rarefied in the others. To solve this kind of multi-scale flow problems efficiently and accurately, hybrid methods coupling hydrodynamic and kinetic methods are attractive. The successful implementation of hybrid methods relies on the accurate assessment of the level of non-equilibrium (rarefaction) in the local flowfield. Currently available criteria, such as Knudsen and Mach numbers, are based on macroscopic parameters and have been shown to be restrictive. Here, we propose a new kinetic criterion that utilises the fundamental molecular distribution function to assess the local flow field. Through numerical evaluation we show that our criterion provides a reasonable assessment and, in particular, it behaves consistently for both high-speed and low-speed flows, which is not the case for the other criteria based on macroscopic parameters. As our criterion fully utilises the accurate information provided by the molecular distribution function, it is particularly suitable for recently developed multi-scale kinetic methods.


The article describes on the basis of consultation materials and specially organized researches the redistribution and transformation of the main family functions (educational, psychotherapeutic, erotic, economic, protective, etc.) in conditions of husband's seasonal or rotating work.


The 3d vibration parameter images were obtained from rotor's normal state, fault of unbalance, misalignment, steam exciting vibration and bearing pedestal looseness which were examined on the modeling of 600 MW turbine rotor experimental bench. These 3d images of different faults were pretreated and transformed to 2d gray-scale images. Multi-scale enhancement processing method was adopted to enhance available information of parameter images based on the theory of Top-Hat transformation and Bottom-Hat transformation. The results show that this method can effectively filter out the noise of parameter image and obtain high-quality edge features from the fault image.


A knowledge of the manner in which the acoustic power encountered in music varies with respect to frequency can be a useful tool in the design of components to be used in audio reinforcement or reproduction systems. This paper deals with the amplitude of fractional-second energy peaks, without reference to the rate of their occurrence. It is these peaks which must be considered when distortion is of primary consideration; average power is useful only in predicting temperature rise (where applicable) of signal-handling components. Throughout the discussion emphasis is placed upon the difference between average and peak energy consideration. The source material from which the distribution analysis is drawn consisted of recent commercial vinyl recordings played on a carefully equalized reproducing system. Ten various types of music are classified and a distribution curve for each is drawn. The methods used in arriving at a typical curve are shown by breaking the spectrum into octaves with a band-pass filter. The distribution information mentioned above is applied to the design of a three-channel loudspeaker system as an example of use. Other possible applications are mentioned.