Control charts are widely used for process monitoring. They show whether the variation is due to common causes or whether some of the variation is due to special causes. To detect large shifts in the process, Shewhart‐type control charts are preferred. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts are generally used to detect small and moderate shifts. Shewhart‐type control charts (without additional tests) use only current information to detect special causes, whereas CUSUM and EWMA control charts also use past information. In this article, we proposed a control chart called progressive mean (PM) control chart, in which a PM is used as a plotting statistic. The proposed chart is designed such that it uses not only the current information but also the past information. Therefore, the proposed chart is a natural competitor for the classical CUSUM, the classical EWMA and some recent modifications of these two charts. The conclusion of this article is that the performance of the proposed PM chart is superior to the compared ones for small and moderate shifts, and its performance for large shifts is better (in terms of the average run length). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objectives: to assess chronic diseases patients' knowledge toward stroke risk factors and warning signs, besidesdetermining the relationship between chronic diseases patients' knowledge and their sociodemographicalcharacteristics.Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at public medical clinics which has started from December2nd, 2008 to August 8th, 2009. A purposive "non-probability" sample of (300) chronic diseases individuals whowere clients of Public Medical Clinics who have one or more of the following chronic diseases (hypertension,diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, and previous stroke), in Baghdad city. The data were collected through the useof a constructed questionnaire which consists of three parts (1) Sociodemographic data form that consist 7-items(2) Medical data form that consists of 10-items and (3) Main domains of the studied phenomena form consists of3-sections (domains) of definition, warning sings, and risk factors of 62 items, by means of direct interviewtechnique with the chronic diseases patients. Descriptive statistical analysis procedures (frequency, percentage,mean of scores, standard deviation, and relative sufficiency) and inferential statistical analysis procedures(pearson correlation coefficient, contingency coefficient, Chi-square test, and Fisher exact probability test) wereused.Results: The findings of the study indicated that there is a knowledge deficit of chronic diseases patients mainlyin stroke warning signs followed by stroke risk factors. No significant relationship was found between chronicdiseases patients' knowledge and their gender, employment, while significant relationship was found betweenchronic diseases patients' knowledge and their age and level of education.Recommendations: The study recommends that an intensive comprehensive, evidence-based obligatory widepopulation-based health education programs are needed to improve awareness of stroke, especially among themost vulnerable groups (chronic diseases patients), eldeely, and less educated persons as well as lay people.


Application of Audio-Visual Media in Training Art Development for Group B at Sa'addatutdarain Kindergarten. Learning the art of dance can be done in various ways, one of them was by using audio-visual media. Motion audio-visual media is a modern instructional media that is in accordance with the times (advancements in science and technology) because it includes vision, hearing and movement. The formulation of the problem is: How is the application of dance learning in Sa'addatutdarain Kindergarten with the use of audio-visual media? The purpose of his research in this study was: To find out how to apply dance learning in Sa'addatutdarain Kindergarten with the use of audio-visual media. The research method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study were 1 school principal and 1 teacher. The results of the study show that art learning for early childhood with the application of audio-visual media in group B at Sa'addatutdarain Kindergarten has developed well, and teachers provide motivation to children so that children want to do the art being taught.


This article discusses the lexical density and readability levels in Facil's 'Advanced Learning English textbook for high school students in grade XI. The documents of this study were 11 reading texts selected from each chapter in the 'Advanced Learning English 2' textbook. This study's objectives are to (1) determine the average lexical density of selected reading passages from English textbooks and (2) determine the next level of this book and whether it is appropriate for high school students class XI. Grounded on Ure's (1971) text analysis, the researchers analyzed the lexical density of the reading text. Meanwhile, to determine readability level, Flesch's (1994) reading ease scale formula was utilized. After carefully analyzing the data, it was discovered that almost all texts had a high lexical density. The average reading text in this book has a higher lexical density level than 40%. Additionally, eleven reading texts are classified into five levels based on the Flesch reading ease formula's results: easy for one text, fairly easy for three texts, and difficult for four texts. For two texts, the difficulty level is standard; for three texts, the difficulty level is fairly difficult; and for two, the difficulty level is difficult. Therefore, reading texts in this book is considered appropriate for high school students' learning process because each text has a different and gradual difficulty level.


This short pamphlet lists a schedule of talks and events held at the gallery on the theme of sexuality in art. An exhibition of 13 Ottawa-based artists is part of the thematic project.


A 30‐curie polonium‐beryllium neutron source which gives less than 0.1 roentgen per hour in close contact was used to study the hot atom chemistry of a selection of alkyl bromides. Comparison of the results with those obtained with ordinary neutron sources containing gamma rays in abundance up to 700 roentgen/hour equivalent strongly indicates that the essential phenomena reported are free of effects due to the gamma‐radiation density.The separation of the bromine isotopes in crystalline alkyl bromides has been observed in several additional cases. No isotope effect is shown with CBr4, however, nor with frozen glasses. The possible theoretical significance of these results is discussed.


The design and analysis of a kind of predictive PID controller,based on second-order plus dead-time(SOPDT)model,is proposed. This kind of controller is of the advantages of PID controller,which are simple in structure,reliable in operation and robust in performance,and of predictive function.It can be interpreted as a prediction of the process output based on the values of the control signal of past time.Simulations show that the predictive PID controller remains excellent control performance under disturbance,noise and model mismatch,which is very suitable for large time delay process.Its stability robustness is analyzed by Monte-Carlo method.It is worthy of popularizing in practical applications.


Key Points Question Does a multijurisdictional, multilevel, multicomponent community intervention decrease young child overweight and obesity in the US-Affiliated Pacific region? Findings Among 27 communities and 8371 children in this randomized clinical trial, the Children's Healthy Living Program decreased overweight and obesity prevalence by 3.95% among children aged 2 to 8 years in the US-Affiliated Pacific region. Meaning A multilevel, multicomponent approach reduced young child overweight and obesity.


The interaction of CO with Cu5, Ni5, and Al4 are treated as model systems for molecular adsorption on metal surfaces. The effect of the use of pseudopotentials for the metal atoms is studied by considering three types of clusters. In the first case, all of the metal electrons are explicitly included in the wave function; an all electron (AE) treatment. In the second case, the metal atom which directly interacts with the CO is described by as AE but the remaining metal atoms include a pseudopotential for their core electrons. Finally, in the third case, all of the metal atoms in the cluster have a pseudopotential treatment for the core electrons. The AE cluster results are taken as reference values for the two pseudopotential treatments. The mixed cluster results are in excellent agreement with those of the all AE clusters; however, the results for the all pseudopotential cluster of Ni5CO or of Cu5CO are qualitatively different. The pseudopotential treatment for all of the metal atoms often leads to result...


As the chapters in this volume show, tourism in Africa is characterised by heterogeneity and complexity. Though wildlife tourism is the continent's main tourist attraction, all kinds of cultural tourism and sea, sand, sun (and sex) tourism can also be found. Small-scale tourism developments directed at niche markets, such as those of the Dogon, Touareg, volunteer, roots, chief and community-based tourism, exist shoulder to shoulder with large-scale industries with a mix of foreign and domestic investment, as the Kenyan and South African cases show. This diversity means contradictory outcomes for local populations. While some local people and communities are able to benefit from tourists, others are excluded from tourism revenues. The paradoxes and contradictions of the African case that are so eloquently described and analysed in the preceding chapters raise the question of what is specifically 'African' about African tourism. Or in other words: how can African tourism be compared to developments on other continents? In this Afterword, I want to sketch my own research in the Cusco-Machu Picchu region of Peru and show some of the similarities to and differences from the cases presented in this volume. I will focus on the formation of the tourist bubble, (the leading concept for all the authors here), and its main participants, i.e. the state, mediators or middle men and women, and the local men and women who work in the lowest echelons of the tourism labour market.


Six patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis are described in whom a pancreatogram showed an unusual morphology, being irregularly narrowed throughout. This "shrunken" appearance differs from the classic irregular dilatation usually seen in chronic pancreatitis. Two of the patients had inflammatory bowel disease, none had a history of alcoholism and only one had gallstones.


Experiments have been carried out on the effects of pre-vaporized fuel in the ambience on spontaneous ignition behavior of isolated fuel droplets. An isolated droplet of n-heptane or n-dodecane, which is sustained by a quartz fiber, is inserted into a high-temperature gas field including fuel in the electric furnace. Methane and n-heptane are selected as fuels of the ambience. The ambient pressure and the temperature are set to be 0.3 MPa and 700 K, respectively, in order to prevent the consumption of methane and oxygen in the ambience. The condition of the ambience including fuel is elucidated using a numerical analysis of chemical reactions. The results indicate that the ignition delay time increases due to methane included in the ambience. In the case of the ambience where n-heptane vapor is included, both n-heptane and oxygen are consumed by chemical reactions prior to the droplet insertion. The ignition delay time of n-heptane droplet in the reacted n-heptane and air mixture is larger than that in air and chemical reactions at the reduced oxygen concentration seems to be slow. The ignition delay time is shorter in the reacted n-heptane and air mixture than in an air with the same amount of oxygen as the reacted mixture.


Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an oilseed crop with potential health benefits as a source of oil and dietary fiber. The productivity of sunflower is hampered by both biotic and abiotic stresses caused due to climate changes. So far, the available gene pool is having moderately resistant lines. In the present study, we evaluated two screening methods by artificially challenging the plants with the causative agent A. helianthi. Significant changes in disease severity have been observed across 160 pre-breeding lines of sunflower, including the susceptible check, Morden in three different seasons. Among the160 pre-breeding lines derived from a mutant population of sunflower cv. Morden, 6.25 and 5.63 % of lines showed less leaf blight disease incidence under in vivo and in vitro environments respectively. Moreover, 44.38 % of the sunflower pre breeding lines demonstrated field tolerance with disease severity in the scale of 5. The promising accessions evaluated in our studies by whole plant assay method and detached leaf technique includes KSFI 19, KSFI 24, KSFI 147, KSFI 56, KSFI 120, KSFI 88, KSFI 152, KSFI 51 and KSFI 115. Therefore, these sunflower lines, could be employed for introgression of resistance genes against leaf blight disease in sunflower cultivars through marker assisted breeding strategies.


Gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator (GT-HRSG) packages and independent power producers are playing an increasing role in deregulated electricity supply markets. For industries that require significant amounts of electricity and process steam, cogeneration is a viable option. Existing approaches to the combined heat and power dispatch problem have been limited to static dispatch, "one scheduling interval at a time", approaches. Assumptions of these approaches do not accommodate operational factors of GT-HRSG cogeneration feasible operating regions. In this paper, the role of cogeneration in electricity supply markets and operating factors of GT-HRSG for scheduling problems will be explained and demonstrated.


This document presents a proposal that integrate st udents' knowledge in civil engineering into a servi ce learning experience. The process starts with an observation of real case study affecting a helpless population. A metodology for solving the problem is stablished an d then, after a serious analysis, a proposal of sol ution is presented to the community. The case is analized and solved in four consecutive s modules called social service 1, 2, 3 and 4 that take place during two consecutive semesters and four areas of knowledge given at the school of civil engineering at La Gran Colombia University: Hidrology, geotechnics, struct ures, transportation, in addition to management an d environment.


Factory automation in semiconductor manufacturing can be applied beyond just preventing human errors for wrong recipes. It can also aid process enhancements, improve throughput and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), save engineering time and precious consumables, troubleshoot process or equipment problems, and much more. This paper describes how Skyworks has achieved these through various home-grown software applications to improve overall fab efficiency. Compound semiconductor fabs generally do not have advanced technology tools or big automation budgets like Si fabs. This requires us to be more creative in our factory automation approach. PRECIOUS METALS RECLAIM TRACKING This system has two sub-systems: 1. Evaporator Reclaims Tracking This home-grown system keeps track of the amount of precious metals consumed in each of the evaporator chambers and the amount of precious metals deposited on the wafers. Based on these two, it calculates the theoretical amount of precious metal to be expected in reclaim. It then compares the theoretical reclaim value against the actual to calculate reclaim efficiency and provides detailed data for troubleshooting when the efficiency is below the goal. FIG. 1 PRECIOUS METALS RECLAIM TRACKING 2. Reclaim from Gold Plater Batch This system tracks the gold concentration of the bath in the gold platers in real time and calculates theoretical expected reclaim value when the bath is sent for reclaim. The calculation is based on the amount of gold added through the life of the bath and amount of gold deposited on wafers. It allows users to input sample concentration and actual reclaim values, and calculates reclaim efficiency. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT – PRECIOUS CONSUMABLES This system keeps track of inventory at each location, and transfer and consumption at each one. We currently use this system for precious metals, but it can be extended to all precious consumables. There are several reports generated from this database – one report shows how much precious metal we have on site at each location, and how many days' worth of inventory that is based on last seven days of average usage. It also shows the trend of usage as shown in Fig 2. FIG. 2: INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PARTS OUT MANAGER This is a tracking system for all equipment parts or any other item (such as reticles) that go out for repairs or cleaning. It has two main objectives: 1. Tracking parts sent out for repair or cleaning, and 2. Reporting vendor performance against their committed cycle times. As parts move from one place to the other, whether it is from Skyworks to a vendor or from one vendor to the other, that data is entered into this system. Based on committed cycletime and expected shipping time, this system calculates when a certain part is expected to arrive back and whether it is on schedule. An example report is shown in Fig. 3. FIG. 3 PARTS OUT MANAGER


This article investigates economic factors and non‐economic factors of individual attitudes toward free‐trade agreements with different countries. Based on the Stolper–Samuelson theorem, highly skilled workers in Taiwan should be more supportive of free trade with China and less supportive of free trade with the United States than should unskilled workers in Taiwan. Using survey data from Taiwan, we find that highly educated people in Taiwan are more supportive of free trade with both the United States and China, and the effects of education are much stronger with respect to free trade with China. We also find that individual risk attitudes, national identity, and ethnicity play important roles in explaining trade preferences.


The problem of the turbulent layer arising in the two‐dimensional ideal fluid is considered. The sharp initial velocity discontinuity was replaced by a row of 100 point vortices whose evolution in time was found by numerical methods. The average velocity profile and velocity fluctuations are given. The picture is very similar to the ordinary turbulent layer in spite of the potential character of the ideal fluid motion outside the discontinuity.


Dextrin is a modified starch products which is widely used in food industries and pharmaceutical. The main use of dextrin is as a starch substitute for various purposes, mainly processing of various snacks product (snack food). One physical method to produce cassava starch dextrin is partial pre-gelatinization. The purpose of research was to produc cassava starch dextrin using partial pre-gelatinization for raising agent of cassava stick product. The research was conducted at Food Technology Laboratory, Analysis Laboratory and Pilot Plant in State Polytechnic of Lampung from April to October 2014. Stages production of cassava starch dextrin was extraction, drying, and partial pre-gelatinization. Dextrin produced was used as raising agent in production of cassava stick with the number of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The observations carried out on cassava stick product was the organoleptic properties (color, texture, taste, and crunchy) with hedonic test. The physical and chemical properties (moisture, ash, crude fiber, fat, and protein content) were also observed. Scale up cassava starch dextrin production were carried out with adding water 40%, cooking at 90o C for 45 minutes in single rotary drum cooker, and drying at 60o C until it is reach 10% of moisture content. Dextrin formulation10% given the best organoleptic and physical properties without any changes in cassava stick chemical composition. Key words: cassava starch dextrin, partial pre-gelatinization, cassava stick product


"Retrospective Essay" mainly deals with memories of family trifles and sentimental romance, that's why it classifies itself into a kind of prose with specific flavor of Qing dynasty. "Retrospective Essay" possesses the features of its era in both its appearance and development. Specifically, the social and historical background of its birth and prevalence lies in the urban economic advancement, the recognition and emphasis on female's acquirement, and the past-pursuit socio-psychology formed in Ming and Qing dynasties. Its cultural background is the rising of individual liberation and the unique local culture in "Wu" areas. Its literary background rests in the maturing and merging of all kinds of styles as well as the further bloom of romantic and sentimental literature. In a word, pursuing inevitability of why "Retrospective Essay" reflects the literature in Qing dynasty naturally gives new enlightenment in people's minds.


The present paper addresses the modelling and control of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system while the system is operating under uncertainty. The uncertainty may be due to thermal storage effect, heat and moisture generation, and outside temperature and humidity change. These may be unpredictable for a generic room. The adaptive robust control proposed for this system will take the uncertainty into account. No statistical information of the uncertainty is ever needed. The uncertainty is assumed bounded but the bound is unknown.


Bohm's criterion for the formation of a thin (λd 0) sheath requires that the ions are pre-accelerated in a quasineutral "presheath". Usually the presheath mechanism is based on geometric ion current concentration, on ion friction (collisions), or on ionization. The present paper considers a presheath which depends essentially on magnetic deflection of the ion orbits. To this end a hydrodynamic model of the presheath accounting for an oblique magnetic field as well as for collisions and ionization is investigated. It is shown that the magnetic field alone is not sufficient to provide a presheath mechanism. The "magnetic presheath" is intrinsically controlled by elementary processes, and "compressed" by a strong magnetic field into a thin layer with a characteristic extension of the ion gyroradius ρi.


Land surface longwave (LW) radiation (or longwave radiative flux), including longwave upwelling (LWUR), downward (LWDR) and net radiation (LWNR), are key components of the total energy that drives the surface energy balance at the interface between the earth's surface and the atmosphere. The importance of LW radiation in regulating air temperature and balancing surface energy is enlarged especially under cloudy-sky conditions. Unfortunately, to date, a tremendous attempts have been made to derive LW radiation from space only valid under clear-sky conditions leading to difficulty of utility of remote sensing-based LW radiation products in most land models due to their spatial discontinuity. Although few studies focused on LW radiation estimation under cloudy-sky conditions, while their global application are still problematic. In this paper, novel strategies are proposed aiming to derive high resolution cloudy-sky LWDR and LWUR by fusing collocated optical and microwave satellite data. The results reveal that the new approaches work rather well, thus, more importantly, providing unprecedented possibilities for generating high resolution global LW radiation datasets.


Ta2O5 thin films (13-260nm) on p-Si have been prepared by thermal oxidation at 673-873K of RF sputtered Ta films. Conduction and dielectric properties of the layers have been studied employing Al-Ta2O5-Si capacitors. A decreasing trend in the leakage current was found upon increasing temperature from 673 to 873K. Layers with dielectric constant in the range 25-32 are easily obtained. A minimum conductivity, which corresponds to a leakage current density of about 10-7 A cm-2 at an applied field of 0.5 MV cm-1, was detected for films oxidized at the highest oxidation temperature. The oxide properties are discussed in terms of the presence of an unavoidable SiO2 layer between Si and Ta2O5 and of bond defects in the oxide.


Results: The study involved 163 patients, ages 32-90, who underwent sternotomy procedures during a 12 month period. Concurrent data collection included risk factors and perioperative variations. As a comparison analysis, a retrospective chart review was done on sternotomy patients during a 12 month perior prior to the initiation of the APG study. Outcomes included 162 patients (99.4%) with well healed sternums, and one patient (0.6%) with a sternal dehiscence. The comparison study involved 115 patients that did not receive APG, in which four patients (3.5%) had sternal dehiscence. Sternal infection rates decreased from 3.5% to 0.6% with the use of APG.


Legislative regulations on atmospheric pollution have been established in different parts of the world for addressing air quality management. An important public commitment, common among all nations, is to ensure environmental safety and health protection, particularly for the most fragile population groups. Each country has its own rules and practices to provide adequate and timely information on ambient air quality. Information is given either through easily accessible media, including websites and apps, or by traditional means of telecommunication. An air quality index (AQI) is definitely a valuable tool for disseminating data on the main regulated pollutants and represents a readable indicator of the prevailing situation of air quality in the area. Several calculating expressions were formulated to combine, in a unique value, different parameters, and a few methods were created to determine and compare different AQIs. This paper gives almost a global overview of approaches and tools used to inform the public about the status of the ambient air quality. Different AQIs are analyzed to contribute to the sharing of air quality management practices and information to raise public awareness and to help policymakers to act accordingly.


Conventional wisdom holds that Africa has been undergoing an agrarian crisis, marked by falling food production per capita and rising imports of cereals, as seen in national statistics. This paper tries to test whether African farmers have indeed experienced the setbacks suggested, by looking at village-level studies of change in fanning systems between the mid-1970s and the mid-1980s. Fourteen studies from six countries were examined. Contrary to the above thesis, there was little evidence of decline, and much of increased production per head, albeit by modest margins. If the studies are representative, then talk of crisis is exaggerated, the national statistics probably seriously underestimate farm output and unspectacular policy may suffice to support African farmers to produce and market more.


Due to the coexistence of different compression algorithms in the fixed and mobile telephone networks, it is impossible to predict which combination of coders and channels the speech has undergone before arriving to the server. To overcome the previous mentioned problem, the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) has standardized a front-end for Distributed Speech Recognition (DSR). But once again, the distortion added due to feature compression in the front-end side increases the variance flooring effect that increases the identification error rate. The penalty incurred in reducing the bitrate is degradation in speaker recognition performance. In this paper we present a non traditional solution for the previous mentioned problems. To reduce the bitrate, speech signal is segmented at client and the most effective phonemes for speaker recognition are selected to be sent to the server. Speaker recognition is occurred at server. Applying this approach on YOHO corpus, we could achieve 0.05% identification error rate (ER) using an average segment of 20.4% of the testing utterance for recognition. This result outperforms previously published results on the speaker identification task from error rate (ER) point of view as well as the minimum speech segment required for speaker identification.


Over the last hundred years a new ideal body norm has been established. We should be thin, or at least strive to be. Consequently, dieting has become a topical subject. This article aims to examine ...


Abstract Background Individuals with a psychotic disorder are at an increased risk of becoming the victim of a crime. A body-oriented resilience therapy with elements of kickboxing ('BEATVIC') aimed at preventing victimization by addressing putatively underlying factors was developed. One of these factors is social cognition, particularly facial affect processing. The current study investigated neural effects of BEATVIC using two face processing tasks. Methods Participants were randomized to either BEATVIC or a 'Befriending' control group consisting of social group meetings. Twenty-seven patients (BEATVIC n=14; Befriending n=13) completed an Emotional Faces task and the Wall of Faces task during fMRI, pre and post intervention. General linear model (GLM) analyses and Independent component analyses (ICA) were performed to define networks and investigate group*time effects. Results Voxelwise GLM analyses yielded no differences between groups over time. On a network level (ICA) we found overall increased activation of the salience network to angry and fearful faces in BEATVIC compared to Befriending. A trend towards significance (p=0.05) for increased activation of the (medial) visual network to (a group of predominantly) angry faces, and decreased deactivation (p=0.08) in the sensorimotor network in response to fearful faces in BEATVIC was observed. Discussion Increased activation of the salience network may suggest an increased alertness for potentially dangerous faces. Trend findings of the visual network and the sensorimotor network which are formally statistically insignificant may be regarded as tentative and strongly warrant further investigation to allow for more definite conclusions. Increased activation of the visual network might suggest more elaborate processing of visual information. Decreased deactivation in the sensorimotor network might indicate a reduced tendency for "freezing" and enhanced action readiness in response to indirect threat.


Summary
The phenomena of change from the marginal belt to the hinterland on the acid sandy podsol of area E are regarded as symptoms of senescence (increase in age of the frond population and in patchiness: reduction in height and number of fronds, in size of plant and its rate of growth). They are considered in relation to causes, primary and secondary.

The primary cause is the plant's reaction on itself: in the invading marginal plant increasing competition until the maximum number is reached (at 30–40 ft; 9–12 m) and reaction on the root and rhizome system through the amount and kind of litter. Once started a chain of reactions is set up in which frost and drought are important but secondary causes.

Litter (s.l.) acts in two ways with opposing effects on the welfare of bracken but with no hard and fast line between them and the effect varying with the conditions. Litter (s.s. = the L layer) when abundant, as in the mid-region of the marginal belt, means protection from winter frost and drought and by delaying emergence of the fronds reduces liability to spring frost and in its F and H forms induces a concentration of roots in them, a rise in the general level of the shoot system and greater vulnerability of the growing points to frost and drought. With age of the population the F and H layers increase relatively to the L (s.s.).

Data on the vigour and vertical distribution of the rhizome system from an area (Blaxhall Heath) vacated by bracken and from the live bracken marginal to it show a similar robust but dead system in both, which in the latter has a younger, superficial, attenuated system, consisting mostly of intermediate and short shoots above it and lying almost wholly in the F layer. Details show that the process of degeneration has not only been checked but recently reversed.

Response to fluctuations in weather show that the hinterland plant is not inherently weak, but its attainment of a size and vigour similar to that of the marginal plant depends on conditions enabling it to reach that status and to maintain it on the continued provision of open conditions with little competition.

The interpretation of degeneration (regression) advanced here does not invoke the presence of a pathogen.

The results are considered briefly in relation to the status of bracken in a man-controlled environment.


It is generally assumed that the "archival revolution" in Russia took place in % * ^__^ "% % X! { * !& % !$ ( ! ~X{ ( " solved and the Soviet regime opened the doors to scores of archives (mainly of the party), making millions of previously inaccessible documents available to the Q \ ! Q < % ! &! Q! % % fundamental changes—the political upheavals themselves and the new access to the archives—were determined by events of earlier years. The year 1989, which became a turning point not only for Eastern Europe but for the world as a whole, was also in many ways symbolic and significant with respect to the fate of Soviet archives and the documents contained within them. At the end of the 1980s, when perestroika started to be implemented in the !$ ( ! &! !" * ! !& % ! !& ! ! arose that in Trotskyesque terms might be referred to as a new kind of "crisis of opposites." On one hand there were half-hearted and inconsistent economic transformations, unsuccessful reforms of the unwieldy national party structures and a sharp decline in the standard of living. On the other hand a politics of transparency was unquestionably successful, which led to a rapidly developing political awareness in the population, an increase in nationalism and an end to fear of Q!$ %! *\ % $ ! % "! ! ! ! * % ! !& % < Q Q ! ! q % ! legitimacy" by means of brute force. The revolutions of 1989 demonstrated that ! %! % [ !& % ! ! 1 but they also triggered a deepening and irreversible development of transformational processes in the Soviet ( ! & * Q % & !& % ! * % % ! "the victory of socialism." When considering the links between the events in Eastern Europe and the "ar% $ $! ! ] % !$ ( ! "! % ! Q &! ! % "! & !& !> ! ~ ! % % [Q $ !& % word) institutions such as the party archives. Characteristic of Soviet perestroika were diametrically opposed tendencies appearing in all spheres of public life. This was also true with regard to the archival sector. Here the new principles of glasnost ! * % * " % % *Ÿ !& < *


To develop the Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm. industry in our country, the further development and utilization of Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm. agricultural resources, using modern processing technology to Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm. processed into Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm. Jam. So as to provide scientific basis for the relevant departments and enterprises and related production units. Using mechanical processing technology, the Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm processed into carrot paste, and by chemical analysis methods and modern instrument, chemical composition of Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm Jam to carry out a full range analysis The findings indicated that, the Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm. jam manufacture craft is simple, the cost is low, does not need the expensive specific installation, is advantageous in the Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm. jam production processing technology promotion and the Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm. jam development intensive processing. In the sauce the nutrition is rich, the amino acid is complete, including 17 kind of above amino acids and the human body 8 kind of essential amino acids, the protein content 1.85 %, fat content 1.56 %,cellulose content 0.87 %,carbohydrate content 8.21% . Vitamin C quite is specially high for 19.9mg/100g , the potassium, the calcium, the iron, the zinc content are rich, respectively is 30.0mg/100g, 34..1mg/100g 1.42mg/100g , 0.24mg/100g Moreover the flavor is tasty, it is easy to digest, enhances the nutrition the use factor, and also eliminated Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm. jam the general edible method to cause the inflation shortcoming. The Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm. jam is one of the nutrition for the old and seasiongs young. This has provided the scientific basis for the Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm. Thorough research and the development . It is one kind concurrently suitable nutrition rich newest seasoning for the old and young


Objective To explore the clinical value of radioactive iodum131 in treating hyperthyroidism.Methods 53 patients with hyperthyroid heart disease were treated with radioactive iodum131. The caring measure before and after the iodum131 treatment was introduced,including psychological and dietary caring,follow-up visit. Results After 12 months iodumted131 treatment, 39 cases were clinical healed ( healing rate 73.58% ), 10 cases (18. 87% )were remitted,4 cases (7. 55% )were inefficient, total effective rate was 92. 45%. Conclusion High quality caring has important clinical significance in safely and effectively developing iodum131 treating hyperthyroid.

Key words:
Care; Hyperthyroid; Heart disease; Radioactive iodum131


In thin films of smectic C liquid crystals, localized regions containing additional smectic layers form circular inclusions that carry a topological charge. Such inclusions nucleate a companion topological defect. These inclusion-defect pairs are modelled as topological dipoles within the context of a one-coupling constant approximation to the 2D Frank free energy. Deviations of the dipole direction from a preferred orientation cause the dipoles to acquire a logarithmic charge. Thermal fluctuations of the dipole direction are calculated and found to be large, scaling as the logarithm of the system size. In addition to dipole-dipole interactions arising from the topological charges, we also find that the thermal fluctuations of the dipole directions are coupled through a preference for global charge neutrality of the logarithmic charges.


The authors examine the motivational determinants of interfirm alliance behavior through the sociocognitive principle of regulatory focus, with particular reference to the role of opportunism at the formation, operation, and outcome stages of alliance development. Regulatory focus pertains to whether an organization engages with the external world to achieve positive outcomes (promotion focus) or to avoid negative outcomes (prevention focus). The authors believe that the motivational orientations of the alliancing firms play key roles in shaping tolerance for opportunism, and they argue, broadly, that alliance firms with a promotion regulatory focus will be more tolerant of their partners' opportunistic behavior than alliance firms with a prevention regulatory focus. Propositions are developed regarding the linkages between the regulatory focus of an alliance firm and its sensitivity to partner opportunism in the different stages of alliance development. The authors discuss further research directions and the managerial implications of their analysis.


The heightening engineering of Danjiangkou dam is the largest work of its kind in China,which is complicated in technology,difficult in engineering, and demanding in technique.The article mainly discusses technical problems and solutions of Danjiangkou dam heightening engineering,providing experience for how to heighten concrete dam in hydropower project construction and hydro junction reconstruction.


Some elements in the evaluation of social policies are discussed. The central argument is that, despite the improvements in evaluation methods in recent years, the conception that the specific objectives of programmes and projects should be assessed - rather than the actual policies - still prevails. This differentiation has special relevance when dealing with social policies, since they occupy a specific place in the set of public policies. This is particularly so in the Brazilian case, where a powerful social security structure coexists with astronomical levels of inequality and exclusion. First we indicate some of the characteristics of the type of evaluation we refer to in the paper. Then we discuss the possibility of evaluations that will go beyond programmes and projects. Finally, we present a preliminary and brief survey of the present challenges found in the evaluation of social policies.


BACKGROUND: Blood donors in Taiwan currently are screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by immunoassay. The risk of enzyme immunoassay (EIA)‐negative, nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT)‐reactive donations is not well understood. This study aimed to screen for such donors in Taiwan by a multiplex test (cobas TaqScreen, Roche) on a commercially available NAT system (cobas s 201 system, Roche).


Статтю присвячено аналізові основних аспектів естетичної концепції С. Оссовського. Основну увагу автор звертає визначенню предмета і методологічної орієнтації концепції польського естетика, його розумінню поняття мистецтво, розрізненню автотелічного і гетеротелічного мистецтва, значення його позаестетичних функцій.
(The article is devoted to the analysis of the main aspects of Stanislav Ossowski's aesthetical theory. Author pays attention to the definition of subject and methodological orientation of aesthetics. It's also analysed the concept of art, distinction of the autotelic and heterotelic art, value of its non-aesthetical functions.
S. Ossowski presents not systematic, but analytical philosophical tradition. He critisizes the metaphisical and speculative aesthetics and prefers to use the empirical methods of investigation. That's why the author states the evolution to the sociology of art in Ossowski's works.
Ossowski can be presented as suppoter of wide comprehesion os aesthetical subject. He protests against reduction of aesthetical subject to philosophy of art. In his opinion the aesthetics is interesting in two things: beautiful and art.
The important aspect of present article concerns the reflections about essence of beautiful and aesthetical experience. In this context it's also analyzed the problems of aesthetical creation.
In Ossowski's opinion the concept of art is not identical to some particular form of artistic creation. This concept concerns the awareness of specific values and formation of artist as socially important man.
S. Ossowski states that such concepts as art, artist, creation are new products of our culture. In the primitive societies the art was not defined as separate sphere. It manifested in different spheres of human life.
The artistic creation is seen as the mostfree form of cultural life. But the position of art is strongly defined by social functions which have non-aesthetical character. Ossowski's conception of aesthetics cocnerns the sociology of art and pays attention to the art and its heterotelic functions.)


During the corona epidemic in Turkey, there have been many institutions that have moved their education activities online. In this process, the examining the education and training activities of a institution that prefers online education to improve the professional competence of its employees of the opinions of the participants is the aim of this study. The participants of the research were comprised of 122 technicians and customer representatives' employee in Turkey affiliated to the local authorized service organizations of a global technological company. The participants were selected among candidates who completed the online training offered by the main company, which operates in Turkey as well as many other countries. The study was carried out in survey model, and the data were collected with an online questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions. Collected data were analyzed through content analysis. It was found out that despite the applied nature of vocational education online education is consolidating its place in this area. There seems to exist consensus that an online vocational education activity designed properly in terms of teacher, student, infrastructure and instructional materials is most likely to be successful.


have not shown much commitment to media-related inquiries. The dismissal of mass media studies to the marginal areas of the sociological enterprise is unfortunate. Sociology can make an important contribution in the codification of empirical findings about the media within its theoretical foundations. While this strategy has been advocated by both traditional and contemporary thinkers, from Max Weber to Robert Merton, few have made serious attempts at a synthesis of theory and media research, or, more precisely, at reconciling to some degree what is said about the media with what is known about its societal impact. This paper outlines some of the reasons for this hiatus, points out the existing but largely ignored links between sociological theory and media research, and concludes with a modest suggestion for the integration of media research within the paradigms of political sociology and stratification. I. What We Say: Conflicting Conceptions of the Development of Mass Media Studies


Different epistemological frameworks are presented for the effective collection of creativity data in organizations. It is suggested that researchers' epistemological approaches can significantly influence collection methods and subsequent outcomes. Classic sociological epistemological approaches—functionalism, interpretivism, radical humanism, and radical structuralism—are used to categorize definitions of creativity. An overview of methods used in extant literature on creativity is provided, and it is suggested that alternative approaches may be useful in studies of organizational creativity.


We analyse the chiral symmetry in the random +or-J XY model on a N*2 square lattice with periodic boundary conditions in the transverse direction. This 'tube' lattice may be seen as a two-dimensional lattice of which one dimension has been compactified. In the Villain formulation the discrete-valued chiralities or charges associated with the plaquettes of the lattice decouple from the continuous degrees of freedom. The difficulty of the problem lies in the fact that the chiralities interact through the long-range 'strong' one-dimensional Coulomb potential-which increases linearly with distance-as well as through an exponentially decaying 'weak' interaction. By comparing the ground-state energies for periodic, antiperiodic and reflecting boundary conditions in the longitudinal direction, we show that the chiralities and the XY spins have the same zero-T correlation length exponent, whose exact value nu c=0.5564... we determine. The equality of these correlation lengths even in the presence of long-range chirality-chirality interactions lends support to the view that chiral-glass order cannot be sustained without simultaneous spin-glass order.


The concept of actual infinity had been baffling mathematicians since the time of classic Greece.This paper reported a research on senior high school students' understanding about the actual mathematical infinity,the findings of which revealed the parallelism between students' cognition and the history of this concept,thus justifying M.Kline's statement that the history of mathematics was the guide to teaching.


The utility model relates to a steam frying pan which comprises a body and a heat space arranged in the body. A roasting cage capable of rotating can be contained in the heat space, and a hot wind device for providing hot wind for the heat space is arranged on the body. The steam frying pan is characterized in that an atomization generator used for providing atomized steam for the heat space is further arranged on the body. In addition, the steam frying pan can be applied to steam frying pan products of frying-free foods such as roasted chips, roasted meat and roasted pizza.


Though the biochemical study of lipid in blood or deposited in atheromatous lesions has been exhaustively studied, its morphological research was unusually insufficient. The author devided the fat deposition into four types and tried some speculation about their origin as follows: 1. Extracellular fat It can be classified into two sub-types."fibrillar fat" and "discus type fat". a) fibrillar fat deposition appears first at the intimal deep layer in the very early stage of disease. The fat is deposited on delicate collagenous or elastic fibrils running longitudinally to arterial axis. b) Discus type fat deposition accumulates along the borderline between the layers of organized thrombi which give lamellar structure to the atheroma. It grows in all directions until it can be seen as atheromatous fat. 2. Intracellular fat It can be sub-divided into two types;"foam cell" and "spindle-shaped fat cells". a) foam cells might orignate from blood cells and intermingle frequently with sparse inflammatory cell infiltration in the upper intimal layers. b) spindle-shaped fat cells will be fatfilled smooth muscle cells in the intima. Some of them is surrounded by unstained narrow zone shown by Sudan staining. 3. Amorphous fat in atheroma The atheromatous fat is the terminal figure of all kinds of fat deposition. Not only the extracellular fat above mentioned, but also the intracellular fat is thrown out of cells after the cells die. 4. Fat existing together with intimal hemorrhage The fat deposition existing together with intimal hemorrhage seems to be rather the fat tissue than the fat deposition. The origin of this fat is not yet clear.


ABSTRACT The present study explores the impacts of regional conflicts on tourism in the Middle East and African countries. The adopted dataset covers 2001–2017 and examines the effects of such conflicts and the resulting risks on the tourism industry for thirty-nine countries. Diagnostic tests confirmed and the spatial Durbin model selected as the estimation model. According to the results, economic growth in the origin country and in neighbouring countries increases domestic tourists in number. The results showed conflicting spillover of domestic and foreign prices in the impacts of relative prices on the arrival of tourists. Rising prices in neighbouring countries lead to more domestic tourists, while higher domestic prices were revealed to be an indicator of developed tourism structures and more tourists. Trade openness was not found to have a significant effect on the arrival of tourists. Also, the results demonstrate that countries with higher levels of conflict experience lower rates of tourist arrival. In addition, according to the results, managing the political risk of countries and reducing conflicts over time cannot significantly improve the arrival of tourists, in the short run. It is observed that political risks for tourists form in a long-term context, and its alteration requires time.


The article presents a theoretical and practical view of the income category; the concept of a household is considered. The analysis of the composition and structure of the monetary income of Russians in the whole country in the period from 2015 to 2019 is carried out and the regional aspect is presented: Nizhny Novgorod region population's monetary income for this period is analyzed. On the basis of a comparative analysis of all-Russian trends in the composition and structure of population's monetary income and the situation in the region, the current state of monetary income certain types individuals and the economic behavior of Russians is characterized. The author uses the methodology of the statistical survey of the population of Rosstat in the analysis of each Russians monetary income component; points out its disadvantages. The analysis of the composition and various components structure of Russians monetary income allows us to place emphasis on the sources of population's monetary income in a market economy. The author highlights the income from entrepreneurial activity and emphasizes their importance in the market economy; considers the entrepreneurial activity of Russians in dynamics. The article provides a detailed analysis of the income from property indicator of the population of the country and in the Nizhny Novgorod region and justifies the most significant source of additional funds for the population at present. A critical assessment of the revealed dynamics of each population's monetary income component and the possibility of strengthening state structures control over the income and expenses of individuals is given.


The use of auxiliary personnel to expand and accelerate delivery of health services is advocated particularly with regard to newly developing countries which are short on economic resources education services and professional manpower. Maintenance of professional personnel in rural areas is particularly expensive in terms of requisite clinical and social environments as well as salary. More viable is the use of the auxiliary to provide quantitative health care requirements and the professional to deliver qualitative services while gradually evolving a 3 tier stage of staffing--the university degree graduate the university diplomate and the auxiliary. Selection of trainees should emphasize character traits rather than academic potential and a 3 month period of preliminary adaptation training might be an effective method for assessing the worth of the individual. Functions of the auxiliary include: 1) empirical medicine; 2) recognition and sorting of minor and major illnesses; 3) first aid skills; 4) emergency medical surgical and obstetrical care. Training of a physicians auxiliary should be related specifically to the diseases commonly occurring locally and treatment regimens are devised on the basis of their efficacy as well as their safety and ease of administration. The training of 2 types of dental auxiliary is recommended: the first oriented to simple preventative and repair work for children; the second for curative adult care and the recognition of serious oral pathology. An average maternal-child medical outreach of 5% to 30% in most underdeveloped countries recommends the training of auxiliary midwife-pediatricians to screen attend normal births provide family planning care and care for minor illnesses in the preschool child. Auxiliary roles could also be feasibly designed for sanitation work the laboratory the pharmacy nursing physiotherapy and radiography. Continuing in-service training is the most important element in supervision of the auxiliary. 3 years of technical training is recommended for trainees having completed middle school; 2 years should suffice for those with a high school diploma. Programmed learning might be feasible for auxiliary training as well as the production of mimeographed working manuals which could later serve as a portable library for personnel in the field. Although his function is utilitarian the auxiliary requires an assured status in the hierarchy of health care and to be protected and supported by legislation. Proper training and utilization of the auxiliary would permit the fullest advantage to be made of scarce high level manpower while enabling a full measure of job satisfaction for all concerned.


The purpose of this action research study was to examine whether the use of an interactive whiteboard during teaching instruction had an affect on student participation in the lesson. The study was conducted in a fifth grade classroom over the course of six weeks and was broken into three weeks where the interactive whiteboard was the main instructional tool and three weeks where the interactive whiteboard was not used at all. During each phase of the study, all students in the class were observed by a certified teacher who recorded the number of times that students were considered to be off-task defined according to previously established criteria. The results from both the weeks where the interactive whiteboard was used and those weeks where it was not were then compared and analyzed using a t-test to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Final results indicated that the use of the interactive whiteboard proved to be statistically significant for decreasing student off-task behavior during instruction. In addition, students were questioned about their personal opinions on the use of the interactive whiteboard in the classroom and resulting in positive comments across the board. Introduction As a result of the constant development of technology, the use of technology within the school systems has increased dramatically over the years. In 1994, only three percent of schools had Internet access, whereas today that number has dramatically increased and the Internet now serves as a tool for teaching. Deidre Martel from Quality Education Data emphasizes the impact that technology is having on education by stating, "The use of technology in the classroom is not only here to stay, but it has an increasing presence and an increasing significance in what's going on in the classroom," (Ascione, 2005, p.1). Not only is technology finding its way into the ActivBoards and Student Participation 3 classrooms, it is also being incorporated through multiple subject areas with the Georgia Performance Standards (GADOE, 2006). One of the many ways that my school has incorporated technology into the curriculum is through the implementation of interactive whiteboards. An interactive whiteboard is a large interactive display that connects to a computer and projector whereas the projector projects the computer's desktop image onto the board's surface and users control the computer using a pen or other devise. "[Interactive] whiteboards allow teachers and students to interact with technology in a manner that was not previously possible. The touch-sensitive board allows users to interact directly with applications without having to be physically at the computer which is projecting the image onto the board," (Beeland, 2002, p.2). While there are several different brands of the interactive whiteboard, our school has purchased the ActivBoard. Considering the impact that the role of technology is having in the classroom, in addition to the installment of the ActivBoards, the question arises regarding the impact the ActivBoards are having on the students' education. One teacher who actively uses the interactive whiteboard spoke of himself as, "An orchestrator, while the students explain, and illustrate from the whiteboard, and this has changed the way in which I can involve them all in the lessons," (Averis, Glover & Miller, 2004). This motivational use of the ActivBoard is the foundation for which my research lies upon. The purpose of this study was to research the extent to which the effect the ActivBoards have on student participation and attention. Literature Review Technology has become common place in the classroom. Teachers across all grade levels are finding ways to incorporate its use into their curriculum and teaching methods. It is a ActivBoards and Student Participation 4 method that is becoming firmly rooted in the delivery of curriculum (Wang, 2000). Past research indicates that students learn more content and faster with technology (Faucett, 2000). One form of technology is the interactive whiteboard. The use of an interactive whiteboard (ActivBoard or SMART board) within the classroom can potentially provide positive results in achievement as well as in student participation. The purpose of this study is to focus on the latter. In this study, student participation and attention will be referred to as having the same meaning – active engagement and sustained focus in the lesson. Research conducted by Avers, Glover, and Miller during a two year period beginning in 2002 focused on student perceptions, attitudes, and attention to the use and nonuse of an interactive whiteboard during instruction. Their findings indicated that in some of the lessons where the teacher shifted from the use of the board to not using it, "pupils' interest waned and, at times, there were behavioral management issues that were not evident during the lesson" when the interactive whiteboard was being used (Averis, Glover, & Miller, 2004). This same study also addressed the recognition that the interactive whiteboard in itself was a motivating factor solely because of the way in which teachers used it within the lesson. The incorporation of a different type of instructional method led to increased attention from the students. However, teachers also noted that the use of the interactive whiteboard still does not suggest that "we shall have a lesson where all the pupils are paying attention all the time," (Averis, Glover & Miller, 2004). Student engagement is crucial to the learning process. Some students have the personal motivation to learn, while others need an external incentive to do so. When students are actively engaged in the lesson, they are demonstrating their motivation to do well. The more students are motivated to learn, the greater the chances are that they will be successful in their efforts. Multiple factors influence student motivation including teacher motivation, parental ActivBoards and Student Participation 5 involvement, school and classroom environment, teacher skills, and effective use of technology. Technology can be used to create a motivating classroom environment where students are engaged in learning. An interactive whiteboard, the ActivBoard, is one piece of technology that can potentially increase student participation. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the correlation between the use of an interactive whiteboard as a delivery tool for instruction and student participation or engagement in the lesson. One such study, conducted by Solvie in 2001 was conducted in a first grade classroom where student attention was assessed during reading literacy lessons. Analysis of the data revealed there was not a significant difference in student attention when lessons were presented with the whiteboard as compared to student attention to lessons presented without the whiteboard. In the spring of 2002, a study examining the impact of interactive whiteboards as a resource for teaching and learning in grades six and seven was conducted and found opposing results to Solvie's study, (Latham, 2002). One of the focuses of Latham's research was to identify the impact of the interactive whiteboard on the quality of teaching and learning for all pupils involved. The results indicated that the use of interactive whiteboards as a resource was effective in providing potential for all pupils to be actively involved in teaching and learning. It was also discovered that the interactive whiteboard provided "potential for teachers to structure and manage interactive teaching and learning, with improved levels of concentration and fewer distractions," (Latham, 2002). An eighth grade American history teacher, Weimer, conducted a study where the focus was on the motivational factor of the use of SMART boards in his classroom. The SMART boards are a brand of the interactive whiteboard, similar to the ActivBoard. The qualitative ActivBoards and Student Participation 6 analysis of his research indicated that the students who participated in his study were highly motivated by the use of the SMART board during instruction (Weimer, 2001). In addition to Weimer's study, Miller also comments on how the interactive whiteboard contributes as a motivating factor in the classroom. He indicated that research highlights that the whiteboard serves as an intrinsic stimulation that presents content in a different way that ensures understanding and retention, (Averis, Glover, & Miller, 2004) Beeland (2002) conducted a research study to examine "the effect of the use of interactive whiteboards as an instructional tool on student engagement. Specifically, the desire was to see if student engagement in the learning process is increased while using an interactive whiteboard to deliver instruction," (p. 1). Beeland's purpose for researching and methodology are the building blocks behind the research conducted in my classroom. Student responses to his surveys and questionnaires indicated the positive impact that the interactive whiteboard has on student participation and involvement in the classroom during instruction. In Beeland's research, when asked, "Does the use of a whiteboard in the classroom help you to be able to pay better attention? Why or why not?" all but one of the students said yes. One student even commented, "It makes me pay attention to the teacher more. When the teacher just stands up there and talks, I get easily distracted" (Beeland, 2002). Bell provides a baker's dozen reasons why the interactive white board is an effective tool to use in teaching. During her doctoral studies the interactive whiteboard became her focus and like many other researchers before her, her "study showed statistically significant improvement in student attitudes towards both using computers in instruction and towards writing instruction," (Bell, 2002, p. 1). Bell also notes that the interactive whiteboard is a colorful tool and that ActivBoards and Student Part


This study aims to determine the effect of the use of information technology and the competence of financial management human resources on the quality of financial reports. The samples in this study were treasurers and financial management staff at Andalas University, Padang City. Data collection in this study used the questionnaire method consisting of 29 questions based on the indicators of each variable which were distributed directly to treasurers and financial management staff of 68 people and 68 people returning questionnaires. Testing the research data using multiple linear regression analysis with statistical testing of the hypothesis test Coefficient of Determination (R²), Simultaneous (F Test) and Statistical Test t, type of descriptive research. With the research results, the use of information technology has a positive effect on the quality of financial reports at Andalas University in Padang City. This can prove that when information technology facilities are properly installed, optimal utilization, scheduled maintenance can improve the quality of financial reports. Competence of Human Resources for financial managers has a positive effect on the quality of financial reports at Universities in Padang City. This can prove that when financial management human resources have the knowledge, skills and attitudes that support them in carrying out their functions, they can improve the quality of financial reports.


Reduced-intensity or "nonmyeloablative" conditioning (RIC) regimens, which include Alemtuzumab, results in stable donor hematopoietic and lymphoid engraftment with minimal graft versus host disease. At our institution 182 patients with myeloid and lymphoid malignancies have undergone RIC transplantation between March 1998 and March 2004. In order to ascertain whether the inclusion of Alemtuzumab affects post transplant immune reconstitution, we have assessed the incidence of clonal gammopathies and organ specific autoantibodies in all patients in whom information was available. We used 44 patients who had conventional nommyeloablative HSCT as our control group. In the RIC HSCT group 40(22%) developed clonal gammopathies. The median age at RIC HSCT was 55 years (range 24–66); the underlying dignosis was MDS(n=15), AML(n=15), NHL(n=8) and CML(n=2). A gammopathy was detected at a median of 19 weeks post RIC HSCT (range 8–44). Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy did not show increased numbers of plasma cells. Chimerism studies (unfractionated bone marrow and CD3+, CD15+, CD19+ and CD56+ peripheral blood fractions) showed that 18(45%) were fully donor, 18(45%) had mixed chimerism and it was not available for 4(10 %). By contrast clonal gammopathies were detected in only 4 of 44 patients who had conventional nonmyeloablative conditioning. There was a significant difference between two groups ( P=0.05). 9 of 182 (5%) patients (AML=6, MDS=1, MCL=1) developed immune cytopenias at a median of 149 days(range 24–238 days). Those comprised of ITP(n=4), AIHA(n=3), Evans' syndrome(n=2), red cell and megakaryocytic aplasia(n=1). Chimerism studies (unfractionated bone marrow and CD3+, CD15+, CD19+ and CD56+ peripheral blood fractions) showed that 6(66%) patients were fully donor, 1(11%) was mixed chimeric and for 2(23%) patients chimerism studies were not available. One patient did not need any treatment; one patient with AIHA had a complete response to prednisolone. 2 patients (1 ITP and 1 Evans' syndrome) responded to IVIG. The five non-responders to IVIG (2 AIHA, 2 ITP, and 1 red cell aplasia and megakaryocytic aplasia) resonded to treatment with Rituximab 375mg/m 2 weekly for 4 weeks with a maximal response at a mean of 30 days from commencing the treatment. 3 of 182(1.6%) patients developed autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. All patients had normal thyroid function tests and no antibodies to thyrotropin receptor before RIC HSCT. None of the patients, who had clonal gammopathy, immune cytopenia and autoimmune thyroid dysfunction, developed PTLD. We hypothesize that the RIC regimens incorporating monoclonal antibody Alemtuzumab causes clonal gammopathies, immune cytopenias and autoimmune thyroid dysfunction due to dysregulated B cell proliferation secondary to prolonged T cell recovery time.


Reusability is widely suggested to be a key to improving software development productivity. It has been further argued that reuse at the domain level can significantly increase reuse at the later stages of development. Domain analysis is used to achieve reusability in software development, but RAISE development method does not treat this analysis deeply enough. The aim of our work is to improve RAISE software process to adapt it to the purposes of reuse incorporating a model for reuse. We address this need and sketch an abstract model that provides a more general level basis contributing to the development of specifications of reusable components.


If you want to keep your training dollars, now's the time to get out and investigate the cost of non-performance rather than the cost of training. If you want to raise your credibility and justify your position, present the ROI and payback, not just what good training you deliver.


Abstract : For as long as periodically poled devices have been produced, there has been a need to evaluate and improve their performance. A new approach based on image processing across an entire z+ or z- surface of a poled crystal allows for better quantification of the underlying domain structure and directly relates to device performance. The poled regions are determined from the images and this mapping is then used to determine an effective nonlinear d-coefficient. Experimentally validated measurements are shown for an optical parametric generator setup. Future improvements in the poling process should be possible by using this technique to produce quantifiable metrics to compare device fabrication iterations, which has applications in Quality Assurance as well as device development.


This research is done in one of the largest traditional market in Denpasar, namely is Badung Market. Badung Market located on Gajah Mada street, its about 1 Km to the West of the Catur Muka Statue, in Denpasar Downtown. This research aims to determine how the recovery strategy tourism of Badung Market as a tourist attractions. This research was analyzed by the concept of a tourist attraction, and also using the concept of markets and traditional markets. After that, this research using the qualitative research of methodologies. This data was obtained from interviews of market management and direct observations in Badung Market.
The damage that occurred in Badung Market that will do by recovery strategy. This aims to rebuild market buildings that was broke. This process requires several stage, namely are: physical intervention, rehabilitation of economic and social/institusional revitalotations.
Post-fire made the biggest market in Denpasar this being lost daily activities. While this relokalisasiBadung market is still running. The damages that occur in the Badung Market will now do the recovery strategy, aims to rebuild the market buildings that have been damaged.

Keyword: market, the recovery strategy, tourist attractions.


The government's efforts in maintaining the food security includes developing alternative food sources, developing local food crops and improving the use of dry land for food crops cultivation. Planting tubers are common in private forest lands, such as in Semin Village, where arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) can live under teak (Tectona grandis L.) stands. Based on this, a trial was conducted on planting three species of tubers, namely arrowroot/garut, canna/ganyong (Canna discolor Lindl.), and yam/gembili (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk.) under teak stands. In mixed cropping patterns, there are limitations in obtaining light and nutrient sources for the plants underneath. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the morphological adaptation of three species of tubers, especially under the shade of teak, at different ages. The research design was completely randomized (CRD), while data analysis used two-way Anova. The results showed that the difference in relative light intensity (RLI) at eight weeks after planting had a significant effect on the height, the number of shoots or stems, and the number of leaves of the tested tubers. The size of the plant and the diameter of the stem showed the highest average under the shade of seven years teak stand, the contrary, the highest number of shoots or stems found in the open areas.


Strain-gauge plethysmography was employed to quantitate the relative contributions of venous outflow obstruction and venous reflux in the postphlebitic syndrome. Both limbs of 16 normal subjects and 23 patients with venous stasis disease were studied. There were no significant differences in the mean maximum venous outflow or incremental volume values in the normal controls and patients, respectively. However, only two (6%) normal limbs had outflow values less than the lower normal limit of 25 ml/min/100 ml while 13 (33%) diseased limbs had outflows below this value. There were highly significant differences in the maximum venous reflux flow and reflux volume between controls and patients. Straingauge plethysmography may become a valuable noninvasive technique to aid in the diagnostic and therapeutic assessment of venous pathophysiology in patients with the postphlebitic syndrome.


Bonding Oxides and Metals The binding of noble metals that can act as catalysts to metal oxides that are reducible is assumed to occur at the exposed cation of the oxide. For nonreducable oxides such as aluminum oxide, it is not so obvious how the metal can bind strongly. Kwak et al. (p. 1670) used a combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance to study the anchoring of platinum at high and low loadings on alumina. At the surface, the Al3+ ions were penta-coordinated. Density functional calculations support a model in which the cation binds three oxygen atoms in the alumina and two from platinum oxide. A combination of high-resolution spectroscopy and microscopy reveals the details of platinum binding to aluminum oxide. In many heterogeneous catalysts, the interaction of metal particles with their oxide support can alter the electronic properties of the metal and can play a critical role in determining particle morphology and maintaining dispersion. We used a combination of ultrahigh magnetic field, solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with density functional theory calculations to reveal the nature of anchoring sites of a catalytically active phase of platinum on the surface of a γ-Al2O3 catalyst support material. The results obtained show that coordinatively unsaturated pentacoordinate Al3+ (Al3+penta) centers present on the (100) facets of the γ-Al2O3 surface are anchoring Pt. At low loadings, the active catalytic phase is atomically dispersed on the support surface (Pt/Al3+penta = 1), whereas two-dimensional Pt rafts form at higher coverages.


As the Higher of vocational education, it is the improtant part of higher educational systems in our country. However, now there are still many misunderstandings on higher vocational education from cognition to policy, and even connotation. It has a profound significance to study the development of higher vocational education from theory and practice and put forward politic advice.


Today large companies often have to cope with complex and heterogeneous IT infrastructures. A recent approach to this issue is Enterprise Application Integration (EAI). EAI provides a platform for business process oriented system integration. The aim of EAI is to consolidate the number of point to point interfaces of integrated applications in a centralized hub and spoke architecture. In contrast to former middleware approaches EAI provides integration not only on a technical level but on a business process level too. According to this we consider EAI as an architectural element affecting IT as well as organizational issues and thus Enterprise Architecture. Hence EAI again raises the question for interdependencies between IT and organization. In a study we analyzed how EAI is used in large-scale companies and which effects it has on the Enterprise Architecture of those companies. The results illustrate that EAI is a major component in complex IT infrastructures which has a significant influence on business processes. But the study also shows that there is a considerable gap between the importance of EAI in Enterprise Architecture and the way it is used in companies today. As a result EAI as it is used today may provide a way to connect IT systems but it is hardly capable of handling architecture's complexity. Eventually this article points out what has to be done to move toward a manageable enterprise architecture.


Conservative coupling of modes in an integrated external-cavity semiconductor ring laser is used to suppress lock-in in an inertial rotation sensor. Extent of suppression is dependent on refractive index difference between active and passive cavities.


This paper describes the application of symmetric Galerkin boundary element methods (SGBEM) for the analysis of a 2D crack propagation problem. The sub‐domain SGBEM for crack problem is derived. The coefficient matrix is completely symmetric. Cohesive crack model is used to simulate crack propagation. The increment control method for crack propagation and the method for unknown crack propagation path have been derived for high‐order element. Two‐stage interpolation method called the 'quasi‐higher order element method' (QHOEM) is then proposed to solve the double integrals. In the initial stage, it uses higher order elements to interpolate the field variables, and for the numerical integration involved, it further uses interpolation functions to decompose the higher order elements into lower order elements so that the existing analytical integration can be applied. A finite rectangular plate containing a centre crack growth and four‐points bending beam problem have been analysed to check the accuracy of the proposed method. For actual application, a dam buttress with an edge crack has been analysed and the results are found to be in agreement with the other numerical and experimental results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract In a celebrated 1968 essay titled 'The Death of the Author', Roland Barthes defined identity as 'a tissue of quotations drawn from innumerable centres'.1 Although Barthes was referring primarily to the intertextual construction of discursive meaning, this whimsical, poetic metaphor suggests that we make the text of our lives through constant processes of appropriation. A sense of these processes is nowhere more apparent than in the work of Chilean-Australian artist Juan Davila. In landscape paintings, murals. wall-hangings and ready-made objects produced since moving from Chile to Melbourne in 1974. Davila offers a Pop art vision of metropolitan chaos cluttered with a complex network of visual codes and transcultural signifiers. Using television and newspaper images, comics, art history, literary references and pornography from three continents, Davila's quotes range from Madonna to Matta-Echaurren.


Let ω=(ωn)n⩾1 be a log concave sequence such that lim infn→+∞ωn/nc>0 for some c>0 and ((log ωn)/nα)n⩾1 is nonincreasing for some α<1/2. We show that, if T is a contraction on the Hilbert space with spectrum a Carleson set, and if ∥T−n∥=O(ωn) as n tends to +∞ with ∑n⩾11/(n log ωn)=+∞, then T is unitary. On the other hand, if ∑n⩾11/(n log ωn)<+∞, then there exists a (non‐unitary) contraction T on the Hilbert space such that the spectrum of T is a Carleson set, ∥T−n∥=O(ωn) as n tends to +∞, and lim supn→+∞∥T−n∥=+∞.


Neutral meson mixing and $CP$ violation are very well known weak processes that involve decays to meson states that are, in general, a superposition of flavor eigenstates. This paper describes a mathematical interpretation of the time-dependent mixing amplitudes as a complex hyperbolic rotation of the time evolution of those amplitudes without mixing, which involves a Lie group $SO(1,1,\mathbb{C})$.
This allows a geometric interpretation of mixing as a curve into the $SO(1,1,\mathbb{C})$ manifold, parameterized with the proper decay time, where $CP$ violation is the image of this curve at $t = 0$.
To show the power of this new interpretation, it is applied to several aspects of the measurement of the CKM angle $\gamma$ in $B$ decays to neutral $D$ mesons. On one hand, the charm mixing correction on the $CPV$ parameters is derived. On the other hand, it is shown how the expressions used in GLW, ADS and GGSZ methods are affected by charm mixing. Finally, the complete example with both charm and strange mixing and $CPV$ is described.


Because of the great advantages of savings for installation costs and areas of the ground, the ground source heat pump (GSHP) system combined with the ground-coupled heat exchanger with structural member is becoming more and more popular such as energy pile foundation etc.. However, the calculation method especially on the perspective of plate-type ground-coupled heat exchanger (PGHE) has not been established. This paper reports a study on a mathematical model developed to analyze the heat transfer of U-tube plate-type ground-coupled heat exchanger (UPGHE) which combined with structural member and an analytical solution is revealed. The results show that there are clear 'heat submerge' for the leg with lower temperature of UPGHE and it is more sensible to arrange one leg apart from another. The results also show that the spacing of pipes have obvious impact on the performance of UPGHE and the temperature difference between two legs have no important effect on the total performance of UPGHE.


There are many remote regions of the world where there are no data about the health of the community. This thesis reports on the implementation of a community health programme in Wakhan District, a remote valley in Afghanistan. This programme trained illiterate women to educate mothers to feed their children appropriately, to treat dehydration and to manage acute respiratory infections (ARI) with co-trimoxazole. The programme covered 6000 people in 28 communities, and took five years to establish. Data about births and deaths were collected in 2002, before the programme began, and during its implementation from 2005-8.
ARI was a leading cause of death in children under five. Standard case management of ARI in children, using co-trimoxazole, was effective in significantly reducing mortality. A simple algorithm for appropriate use of co-trimoxazole, based on counting respiratory rate, can be implemented by health workers with limited training. Comparing data collected in 2002, before the programme was implemented, with data collected 2005-8, mortality in children under two years fell by 40%, from 262 to 158 per 1000 live births.
There is little data on the consequences of using standard case management of ARI by health workers with limited training on the reduction of antibiotic susceptibility, or the clinical consequences of reduced antibiotic susceptibility. Isolating invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae, (the most common pathogen causing ARI in children) to examine its antibiotic susceptibilities is difficult. Two sets of nasopharyngeal samples were collected from healthy children to give an estimate of the proportion of Streptococcus pneumoniae with reduced antibiotic susceptibility. Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility in a purpose-built laboratory in Wakhan. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from 47% of the children sampled. 17% of samples showed resistance to penicillin, 70% to co-trimoxazole, 9% to erythromycin and 40% to tetracycline. 16 isolates were sent back to the UK. Six of the 11 which survived were of serotypes not included in the commercially available protein conjugate vaccines. Three were novel strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae on multi-locus sequence typing, displaying two different strain types.
The conclusion of this research programme is that health workers with very limited training can successfully implement a simple algorithm to treat ARI in children. It is possible to monitor antibiotic susceptibility in a remote area, with limited equipment, facilities and supplies. In vitro reductions in susceptibility to co-trimoxazole are noted, but the clinical significance of this is unclear. Unusual strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are circulating in this community, which are not covered by vaccines currently available.


Oral lesions of tuberculosis, though uncommon, are often seen in both the primary and secondary stages of the disease. In secondary tuberculosis, the oral manifestations may be accompanied by lesions in the lungs, lymph nodes, or in any other part of the body and can be detected by a systemic examination. Primary oral tuberculosis may present as a diagnostic challenge for the clinician. Here we report a case of tuberculosis of oral cavity with primary in lung (a cavity lesion) and sputum positive for acid fast bacilli. However, the biopsy from the lesion was negative.


The ability of public organizations under fiscal stress to achieve their goals and maintain public service delivery warrants attention. Using an eleven-year panel of school-district data from New York State, this study examines how different dimensions of financial condition affect district performance. The findings indicate that increasing debt burdens have immediate negative impacts on school-district performance. These adverse impacts may be driven by the cutback strategies that districts choose in response to declining financial conditions. These findings have practical implications for how public organizations can best cope with rising debt while maintaining high performance.


The chemical environment of fluorine in the oxide layer of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) structures has been examined by surface analytical spectroscopies. HF treatment of Si(100) results in subsurface SiF formation. Upon oxidation, oxyfluoride moieties are formed with a significant accumulation of fluorine throughout the oxide layer. These changes are correlated to the electrical integrity of MOS interfaces by performing Fowler–Nordheim electron injection studies.


Background: Obesity is a significant and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and assessing ischemia in obese patients is clinically important but often difficult due to imaging arti...


The paper deals with the strategies of foregrounding and defamiliarization as the techniques of literary creativity. The strategy of foregrounding, which can be achieved either via deviation or parallelism, is typically conceived as the deviation from daily language, and is closely associated with novelty and aesthetic appreciation. Whereas defamiliarization is viewed as the technique focusing on the unusual setting, or unexpected angle of vision to make it foregrounded. After the survey of different views of the above-mentioned strategies, an attempt is made to verify that both strategies are used to indicate the turning points in the story. However, in contradistinction to discourse markers, they operate indirectly in literary discourse, creating stylistic effects on the phonetic, grammatical, or semantic levels. The results of the analysis conducted on the basis of short stories by English-speaking authors will be presented in order to demonstrate that both techniques are mostly applied to indicate conflict or complication in the story.


Facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve. It supplies the muscles of facial expression. It gives five terminal branches after emerging from the parotid gland. The functional conservation of facial nerve through proper detection in surgeries around parotid region and procedures like facial rhytidectomy is necessary. Facial nerve paralysis is a stressful complication of parotid surgery. To avoid all the postoperative morbidity associated with the injury to the facial nerve, detailed knowledge of the branching pattern of the facial nerve and its probable variations is must. Current article is about several communications between the terminal branches of the facial nerve leading to the different branching pattern on the right and the left side found during routine cadaveric dissection in an adult male cadaver. Key Word: facial nerve, parotid surgery, facial nerve paralysis. *Address for Correspondence: Dr. Alka Bhingardeo, Registrar, Department of Anatomy, HBTMC and Dr. R. N. Cooper Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, INDIA. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Received Date: 10/12/2018 Revised Date: 22/01/2019 Accepted Date: 02/02/2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26611/1001923


Objective To explore the clinical application of floating cranial bone flap combined with tension-reduced pachymeninx repair in the craniocerebral operations. Methods During the operation, the cranial flap were kept floating on the pachymeninx of bone window repaired carefully. Results Floating flap could reduce intracerebral pressure in the early time and the bone flap would retrieve its position automatically after the subsidence of cerebral edema. The cerebral flap got clinically recovered at last. Conclusion The application of floating cranial bone flap and tension-reduced pachymeninx repair in neurosurgery is a reliable way to decrease intracerebral pressure and in the mean time it will abate the suffering and expenditure of the patients by a secondary cranial bone repair that has to be taken for cranial bone defection.


Consumers who play a key role in the Marketing 3.0 era tend to prefer socially responsible firms to profit-seeking firms. Hence, when creating a vision statement or setting a goal, firms make an effort to project an image of someone who cares for human and societal values. When managing relationships with consumers, many firms actively engage in various societal marketing activities and try to elicit positive responses from consumers. An example of such an activity is cause-related marketing (CRM), "the process of formulating and implementing marketing activities that are characterized by an offer from the firm to contribute a specified amount to a designated cause when customers engage in revenue-providing exchanges that satisfy organizational and individual objectives" (as cited in Varadarajan & Menon, 1988, p. 60). CRM positively influences consumers' attitudes and purchase behavior (Olsen, Pracejus, Brown, 2003; Pracejus & Olsen, 2004; Henderson & Arora, 2010), and has become a strategic tool for increasing firm value and improving financial performance in the long term (Dean, 2004). As a result, investment in CRM in the U.S. is rapidly increasing, with annual average growth of more than 12%. In Korea, CRM came into the spotlight after the mid-1990s. In China, a successful implementation by Nongfu Spring in 2006 attracted more interest and more investment in CRM. As firms worldwide increasingly employ CRM, researchers have become more interested in CRM as well. Most studies focused on finding factors that affect the effectiveness of CRM. However, most studies were conducted in the West, so the strategies or guidelines they offer are not directly applicable in other cultural contexts. A successful implementation of any marketing tool, including CRM, requires understanding its cultural context. Understanding culture is essential for effective marketing, for entering and growing in foreign markets (Steenkamp, 2001; Mueller, 2004). In this paper, we study the effect of CRM, taking into account cultural factors. We focus on Korea and China. We chose these two countries because they are both part of the larger Asian market, yet have different cultural characteristics. Our study thus extends prior research that was mainly conducted in the West. We examined Chinese consumer responses to CRM. CRM is not a common concept in China, but Chinese consumers demand that both national and foreign companies offer socially responsible products and services. Despite the recent slowdown, China is still a market with a big potential, attractive to multinational corporations. Hence, our study carries practical significance. This comparative study may be especially useful to Korean firms, as they show the highest rate of entering the Chinese market. We tackle several issues in this paper. First, we examined the responses of both Korean and Chinese consumers to CRM from a comparative perspective. Second, we analyzed the moderating effect of product type on consumer response to CRM. Product type has been treated—with contradictory results—as an important variable in previous research (Strahilevits & Myers, 1998; Burnett & Lunsford, 1994; Winterich & Barone, 2011). Our study provides more insight into those results, and suggests what the practical implications are for firms in the Korean and/or the Chinese market. Third, we explored the response of Chinese consumers to CRM by regional groups. The Chinese economic reform of the early 1990s allowed for many different lifestyles to emerge in China (Wei, 1997). There are regional differences also in economic, social, and cultural aspects, consumer characteristics, or consumer behavior (Schmitt, 1997; Cui & Liu, 2000; Sun & Wu, 2004). Rather than treating China as one single market, segmenting markets becomes a prerequisite for effective marketing in China. Building on results and insights from previous research and taking account of differential consumer responses, we found that there are regional differences in how Chinese consumers react to CRM.


The electrochemical behavior of neurotransmit- ter Noradrenalin in poly(alizarin red) film modified electrodes (PARSE) have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. Because catalysis of PARSE on AA was a little weak, it almost eliminated the interferences of AA on determining NE. Under the selected conditions, the oxidation peak currents were in linear with concentration of NE in the range of 6.0×10-6~1.2×10-4mol/L. The detection limit was up to 9.0×10-7mol/L and linear correlation coffcient of 0.9995 can be obtained. The PARSE had been applied to determine the contents of NE in injection, the results was satisfying. The sample was tested ten times, and the relatively standard deviation (RSD) was not more than 2.4% and the recovery rate was 95.9%~103.2%. The PARSE can be used for quantitative determination of NE in real samples.


A small prototype of a multiwire dE/dx detector was tested in SLAC's test beam. The basic concept of the detector was similar to the JADE drift cell design. The purpose of the test was to decide on some design parameters for a full size prototype, which is now in construction.


Purpose: We performed a prospective study for the purpose of analyzing and comparing outcomes after laparoscopic and open incisional hernia repairs. Methods: Open incisional hernia repair with Rives-Stoppa method was performed on 35 patients between April 2003 and March 2008. Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair with intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) was performed on 35 patients during the same periods. Clinical features and surgical outcomes were compared in both groups. Results: There were no significant differences in patients' clinical characteristics. There were no significant differences in defect size, location and surgical complication. While, the operation time and hospital stay were shorter, and postoperative pain was less in laparoscopic repair group (p<0.05). There was one recurrence in laparoscopic group and there were three recurrences in open group. Conclusion: Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair is safe and feasible procedure comparing to open method. We suggest that laparoscopic repair is initially recommended for incisional hernia if there is no contraindication or excessive adhesion.