We have previously shown that rabbit growth plate cartilage organ cultures biosynthesize a short-chain collagen' similar to short-chain molecules described in embryonic chick sternal chondrocytes' and in chondrocytes from chick tibiotarsus.) One striking feature of this collagen was the lack of cysteine residues, indicating the absence of disulfide bond^.^ This collagen has recently been termed type X collagen. In this present study we examined in vitro collagen biosynthesis by organ cultures of cartilage from the hypertrophic zone of calf growth plate. We found that this tissue biosynthesizes large amounts of a similar short-chain collagen. In contrast with previous studies, however, these molecules are stabilized by interchain disulfide bonds localized in the pepsin-resistant, triple-helical collagenous domains. Cartilage slices from the hypertrophic zone of one-week-old calf ribs were incubated for 24 h in medium containing 10% FCS, 100 pg/ml ascorbic acid, 2.5 mM PAPN, and 10 @/ml [14Clproline. After incubation, the slices were homogenized and extracted with 1 M NaCl at 4°C. The extracts were digested with pepsin and collagenase and the labeled proteins examined by SDS-PAGE on 3.5-10% gradient gels and subsequent fluorography.' Electrophoresis of 1 M NaCl extracts without disulfide bond reduction (FIGURE 1, lane a), showed that in addition to the prominent al(I1) chains, a large proportion of radioactivity migrated in the high molecular weight region above /3 chains. The relative amount of collagen in this region was from 1.3 to 1.5 times greater than that in the al(I1) region. After disulfide bond reduction (FIGURE 1, lane b) the high molecular weight collagen was dissociated into three new collagenase sensitive chains of M, 180,000 (G'), 85,000 (arrowhead), and 60,000 (G), with G representing type X collagen. These three chains had electrophoretic behavior similar to collagen molecules biosynthesized by rabbit growth plate.' When pepsin-digested samples were electrophoresed under nonreducing conditions (FIGURE 2, lane c), most of the radioactivity above /3 chains showed a more rapid migration and appeared as a 135,000 M, discrete band (small arrowhead), indicating the removal of pepsin-sensitive domains from the high molecular weight components. In contrast with rabbit studies, no short collagen chains were detected after pepsin


Pseudo optical frequency comb using a high-speed frequency laser scanner and an optical resonator is generated as a virtual broadband lightsource for the time-domain 2D single-shot tomography and profilometry. High-speed laser scanner (40 kHz) is realized using a broadband semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) whose individual wavelengths are consequently picked up by a conventional grating setup and a high speed polygon mirror. The performance of the pseudo frequency comb is confirmed by a measurement of a reference step-height sample with an optical zooming operation.


Specifications for security protocols range from informal narrations of message flows to formal assertions of protocol properties. This paper discusses those specifications, emphasizing authenticity and secrecy properties. It also suggests some gaps and some opportunities for further work. Some of them pertain to the traditional core of the field; others appear when we examine the context in which protocols operate.


Through analyzing the experience of the heroines of M.Butterfly and Madame Butterfly from perspective of Orientalism,the thesis focus on the origin of the tragedy——culture shock and finding the way to solve the problem.It points that intercultural relationship will make great progress through the way of communication with respect and understanding.


In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) microtubular photodetector based on graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) with buried gate electrode structure was fabricated using the self-folding technique. After roll-up process, the occupied area of planar GFET was reduce by about 80%. The photoresponsivity was obtained as high as 5.3 mA/W, which is more than 1000 times higher than that of planar counterpart. Besides, the unique 3D microtubular structure not only enhances the photoresponsivity, but also makes the 3D GFET become sensitive to the polarized light, with a polarization ratio of about 1.2. This fabrication method could be transferred to other two-dimensional materials, promising for miniaturized, high photoresponsive and polarization-sensitive photodetection.


A research thesis submitted for the degree of master of education in comparative education in the school of education of Kenyatta University, August 2016


A printed board assembly, an enclosure for information technology, and an information technology device are provided to efficiently shield an electromagnetic wave while suppressing the usage of an electric wave absorption sheet. A print board assembly includes a printed board(16), at least two connectors(14A,14B), and electric wave absorption sheets(34A,34B). The connectors are mounted on the printed board to be connected parallel with each other. A memory module is connected to the connectors. The electric wave absorption sheets are installed in at least one side of each of the connectors. The electric wave absorption sheets are attached to cover respective facing sides of the connectors.


Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transurethral thulium-Yag laser(Tm-Yag Laser) resection of bladder tumor in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).

Methods
The clinical data of 186 patients who underwent transurethral resection with pathologically identified of NMIBC were retrospectively analyzed.76 cases and 110 cases were in the transurethral resection of bladder cancer Tm-Yag Laser group and TURBT group, respectively. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, incidence of obturator nerve reflex, days for urethral catheterization, duration of hospitalization after surgery, detection rate of muscle layer in postoperative pathologic examination and recurrence between the two groups were compared. All patients were followed up for 24 months. Regularly gemcitabine intravesical instillation chemotherapy and cystoscopy were performed postoperation.

Results
The operative time [(27.08±5.56) min vs. (25.55±5.37) min, P>0.05] and intraoperative blood loss [(14.23±4.05) mL vs. (15.10±3.24) mL, P>0.05] showed no differences between the two groups. The incidence of obturator nerve reflex in Tm-Yag laser group was lower than that in TURBT group (0.0% vs. 5.5 %, χ2=4.28, P=0.038). The days for urethral catheterization [(3.48±1.05) d vs. (4.02±1.14) d, t=3.328, P=0.001] and the duration of hospitalization after surgery [(4.47±1.08) d vs. (5.02±1.13) d, t=3.350, P=0.001] in Tm-Yag laser group were significantly shorter than those in TURBT group. In Tm-Yag laser group, the detection rate of muscle layer in postoperative pathologic examination was higher than that in TURBT group(χ2=14.96, P=0.001). The total rate of tumor recurrence in Tm-Yag laser group was significantly lower than that in TURBT group(13.2 % vs. 25.5%, χ2=4.18, P=0.041).

Conclusion
Transurethral Tm-Yag laser is safe and effective in the treatment of NMIBC. It can avoid the incidence of complications and reduce tumor recurrence rate, which is worthy of promotion.

Key words:
Urinary bladder neoplasms; Laser therapy


In this work, we apply independent component analysis (ICA) to electrocardiographic (ECG) signals for improved detection of abnormal conditions in the heart. Unsupervised ICA neural networks can demix the components of measured ECG signals. Such components may correspond to individual heart functions, either normal or abnormal. ICA neural networks have the potential to make abnormal components more apparent, even when they are masked by normal components in the original measured signals. This is particularly important for diagnosis well in advance of the actual onset of heart attack, in which abnormaliti es in the original measured ECG signals may be diff icult to detect. This is the first known work that applies ICA to EGC signals beyond noise extraction, to the detection of abnormal heart function.


Introduction: Right ventricular (RV) as well as left ventricular (LV) function, has been increasingly recognized as an important prognostic factor for heart failure patients. Hypothesis: We assesse...


This paper focused on the passive heave compensation system for base plate used in the deep-water exploration ship.The passive heave compensation system for base plate was utilized to keep the tension in the wire rope within certain range when the deep-water exploration ship was heaving with the sea wave.The scheme and the working principle of passive heave compensation system for base plate were presented.The mathematic models on the passive heave compensation system were constructed.The tension of the wire rope pulling the study unit was analyzed.The main parameters including the ratio value of the pulley group,the diameter of the compensation cylinder,the stroke of the compensation cylinder and the total volume of the accumulator in the passive heave compensation system were analyzed and expressed.Finally according to the design conditions of the specific heave motion of the deep-water exploration ship,the specific operation water depth and design requirements of the tension of the wire rope pulling base plate in the passive heave compensation system,the specific main parameters of passive heave compensation were calculated and the tension of the wire rope pulling base plate was simulated through some known parameters.The simulation result verifies the tension meets the design requirements.This provides an important theoretical guidance for actual designing of passive heave compensation device for base plate used in deep-water exploration ship.


By illuminating atoms with two colors of light that drive interfering transitions, researchers selectively excite the atoms in a region much smaller than the light wavelength.


This research aims to study the effectiveness of the flipped learning method in teaching Arabic to Korean students. The term ''flipped learning'' can be translated in a variety of ways, and it refers to overturning the traditional form of class, which used to take lectures at school and do homework at home. Before students come to class, they watch the lecture video provided by the teacher in advance and study, and during the actual class time, they do the homework they did at home or group activites with the teacher and colleagues, so that it enables more interesting and effective teaching and learning. From this standpoint, this research aims to shed light on the concept of the flipped learning, its techniques, features and to present the flipped learning model for teaching Arabic to Korean students in order to improve the four language skills and motivate them to study more effectively. In this research, Arabic lessons were conducted on a pilot basis using the flip-learning method, and it became clear that flip-learning lessons gave learners a positive change in their attitude toward Arabic subjects, teachers, and fellow students through a survey of students'' perceptions after class. And It was also confirmed that the motivation for learning has also changed very positively.


Compressing image using standard wavelet transform may not yield optimal results due to the limitations on wavelet bases. For astronomical images, computational constraints for signal processing and transmission require having an appropriate technique with least computational cost. The result of this study includes image compression analysis; it has been observed that that bior1.3 has efficient reconstruction capability for Adaptively Scanned Wavelet Difference Reduction technique. Another aspect of this study shows that the level5 of bior Wavelet requires less number of bytes per pixel for compression rate. This study focuses on the the appropriate selection of technique and level of bior Wavelets that can support light weight compression techniques for distant transceiver with high computational and power constraints.


Twenty four broilers (Ross) and 24 ducklings (Cherry berry) aged 45days were stunned and killed by conventional neck cut to evaluate the meat characteristics and fatty acid composition of breast meat. Breast meats were removed from each carcass at different post-mortem times. After complete processing, the breast meats were then placed in a polythene bag and kept in a cold storage room at 4°C for 7 days. The pH of meat samples at different post-mortem times, and meat characteristics and fatty composition at different storage times were evaluated. No significant differences were found in pH at different post-mortem times except at 30 min postmortem, where duck breast showed significantly lower pH than chicken breast. As expected, duck breast meat had significantly higher redness (a*), but lower lightness (L*) value compared to chicken breast. During whole storage time, the a* value remained constant in duck breast. Cooking loss (%) was higher in duck breast compared to chicken breast during the whole storage time. Shear force decreased with increasing storage time in both chicken and duck breast meat, moreover, it decreased rapidly in duck breast compared to chicken breast. The TBARS values increased with increasing storage time in both duck breast and chicken breast meat and was significantly higher in duck breast. The fatty acids (%) C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:2 and C18:3 were significantly higher while C18:0 was significantly lower in duck breast compared to chicken. SFA was increased, while USFA and MUSFA decreased only in duck


Preface A Difficult Emotion A Theory of Anger Integrated Anger Management Assuring Safety Developing Incremental Tolerance Evaluating Anger Accepting Losses Using Anger The Motivation Dimension Cooperation/Confrontation Using Anger in the Family Anger and Organizational Leadership Conclusion Bibliography


As artificial intelligence develops, deep learning algorithms are increasingly being used in the field of dorsal hand vein (DHV) recognition. However, deep learning has high requirements regarding the number of samples, and current DHV datasets have few images. To solve the above problems, we propose a method based on the fusion of ResNet and Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features, in which the shallow semantic information extracted by primary convolution and HOG features are fed into the residual structure of ResNet for full fusion and, finally, classification. By adding Gaussian noise, the North China University of Technology dataset, the Shandong University of Science and Technology dataset, and the Eastern Mediterranean University dataset are extended and fused to from a fused dataset. Our proposed method is applied to the above datasets, and the experimental results show that our proposed method achieves good recognition rates on each of the datasets. Importantly, we achieved a 93.47% recognition rate on the fused dataset, which was 2.31% and 26.08% higher than using ResNet and HOG alone.


In the animal kingdom taste perception is critical biological
mechanism for disrupting food and water intake selection prior to
its consumption. It empowers chickens to distinguish productive...


Background: Information furnished in the histopathology request form is very essential for interpreting the specimen received. Insufficient, incorrect or illegible data on request forms can sometimes result in unintended consequences. Objective: To assess the quality of information available to the pathologist on the histopathology request forms and its relevance, whether or not a clinical diagnosis was made, were any differential diagnosis given and the accuracy of the clinical and or differential diagnosis. Results: Of the 351 requests received only 141 (40.17%) were found adequate. Of these only 11 (3.13%) were 100% adequate and had information for all the 10 parameters present on the request form. 18/351 (5.12%) of the request forms did not have the requesting clinician's details. The clinical diagnosis was not specified in 5.4% of the cases. There were 332 cases in which clinical and or differential diagnosis was available. In 269 (81%) cases the histopathology diagnosis matched with the clinical or differential diagnosis. Conclusion: It was found that most of the request forms were lacking in the information requested. Attempts should be made to educate all the clinicians on the importance of adequately completed request forms.


The article contents the periodization of distance education development in the USA and Canada as the modern leaders in that area, a description of some features of that process and causes of the North American distance education high level nowadays.


Background: Biomedical sciences can be said to be a collective of multiple scientific subjects to obtain, organise, apply, analyse information for the betterment of public healthcare. The stream of biomedical sciences comprises not only one but also multiple subjects under its roof such as microbiology, epidemiology, statistics, engineering as well as anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry. The adherence to the subject is of prime importance to attune the learner and prepare him/her for learning the psychomotor domain pertaining to the said subject. The present study attempts to delineate the curricular inclusions for the said curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Sciences under Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University) as against typing of curriculum based on problem centricity. Materials and Methods: Rapid review of the literature with reference to the curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Sciences under faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute Of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University) in the academic year 2020–2021 for purpose of their "Typing" with principles of curriculum design' was done. Results: The total number of curricular inclusions was 305. Ideally taking the ratio of curricular inclusions as 6:3:1, there should be 184 subject-centered inclusions, 91 problem--centered inclusion, and 30 learner centered. Out of this, there were 143 inclusions which were observed to be subject centered, 133 inclusions were problem centered and 29 were centered upon the learner. Thus, the overall percentage of typing of the inclusions was 46.88% subject centricity, 43.60% problem centricity and 9.5% learner centricity. The observed deficit in subject-centered inclusions was 41, a surplus of 42 objectives was observed for problem-centered inclusions and a deficit of 1 was observed for learner centricity. Conclusion: The undergraduate course curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Sciences under Faculty of Allied Health Sciences included in the present study for typing of included curricular inclusions has been typed based on their centricity upon the problem.


speculated about the need and design of " Information Refineries " , machines capable of taking massive amounts of data and converting it into knowledge. In order to investigate the design of a database machine which would be capable of acting as the data storage engine of Gelemter's " Information Refineries " the authors initiated the MEDUSA Project as a joint undertaking between the Hardware Architecture The current MEDUSA prototype utilises a shared-nothing architecture based on the INMOS Transputer. Each of the three processing nodes used in the prototype consists of two T805 transputers with a T222 SCSI interface to a Maxtor 180 MByte disk unit as shown in figure 1. Principle Goals of the Project The principle goals of the MEDUSA Project are to develop a prototype database machine based on a shared-nothing architecture using low cost " off the shelf " components to SUpport research in the following areas: autonomous data management user data interfaces; backup and security systems. If the full potential of these machines is to be exploited they must exhibit a level of operational autonomy similar to the existing file server technology used on local area networks. That is, they should be capable of seamless integration into a network without requiring changes to existing software development practices or additional specialised staff to maintain their operational efficiency. Operational autonomy can be achieved by a self-organising or self-tuning database, In a self-organising database environment the database management system (DBMS) is responsible for the system tuning and data re-organisation, to achieve optimal performance. Human intervention in the system's maintenance task is reduced to no more than the changing of backup media or carrying out hardware maintenance. The traditional approach taken to performance tuning is normally heuristically bas~ with the DBMS providing the administrator with a number of tuning parameters which are adjusted based on the DBAs experience. The lack of an experienced DBA forces most sites to rely on intuition or guesswork the latter being more common. so L Interface An SQL interface, MedusaSQL, is available for data retrieval on MEDUSA. Currently, a reduced version of SQL92 standard is operational. This version allows retrieval of selected attribute values from tuples which meet criteria specified in the WHERE clause. Simple projections, joins and selections are possible using the features of the SELECT, FROM and WHERE clauses implemented thus far. Full implementation of SQL92 is planned to be completed by …


Background: Health has always been given importance in all cultures. Various new dimensions have been added to the concept of health with time. This in turn has led to change of perception and beliefs regarding health among people. Aim and objective: To analyze the determinants of use of health and wellness products by people in Chandigarh and Shimla. Materials and methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 150 individuals from Chandigarh and Shimla (H.P) using semi-structured interview schedules. The sample was further divided in a ratio of 2:1 because of the difference in area and population of Chandigarh and Shimla. A health and wellness score was calculated. The data were analyzed statistically by calculating frequencies, percentages, and using the Chi-square test. Results: The mean health and wellness product usage score was 51 with a standard deviation of 11.8. There was a significant relation of gender with product usage. Being physically fit was the main definition of health and wellness for the majority of participants. A proper and healthy diet was the main focus of a large number of participants to stay healthy. The most commonly used source of information to learn about health and wellness by participants was the Internet. The most important criterion for purchasing health and wellness products reported by the majority of participants was their perceived effectiveness. Conclusion: The use of products was seen among all age-groups. The factor that affected the use of these products was gender. Females were using more health and wellness products than males.


Unfolding Social Constructionism is a book that stands as a testimony to the growing influence of social constructionism right across the social sciences. Gone are the days when it was just a voice from the margins—now it is a force to be reckoned with. Here Hibberd locks horns with social constructionism's most pivotal character: Kenneth Gergen. In a careful review of his work, she dissects the key components of constructionism's meta-theory, and she also considers (and dismisses) some of the more common lines of critique. Yet for all her sophistication, Hibberd misses (or refuses?) something very simple—that her own critique is a view from somewhere. She simply asserts realist epistemology as the truth, without for one moment seeing the irony of this assertion (from a social constructionist perspective, that is). I put her straight....


Based on 553 papers published in Study of Political Science from 2001 to 2009,this essay conducts an experimental research on the methods of trend in academic papers of politics field during these years,showing that,compared to empirical research,normative research dominates a leading postion in domestic politics research,but empirical research has an upward trend.In political ideology field,normative research is widely used as it has special characteristics.In the fields of political system and political behavior,empirical research attracts much attention.In the fields of political culture and political democratization,the dominant position of normative research is weakened while empirical research is promoted.


In order to investigate natural cross-ventilation in buildings, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the DES model is applied. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of surrounding buildings on natural ventilation in target building under different separation distances. The simulation results indicate that surrounding buildings has a significant impact on airflow structure and airflow rate of the target building. The flow characteristics in target building is determined by the flow regime in street canyon.


Unidirectional carbon fiber–epoxy composite specimens were produced and three-point bending tests were carried out at spans of 10 and 80 mm. During the tests images were taken using a CCD camera system and the type of damage was studied. The fracture process of unidirectional composite beams were modeled during the 3P bending test considering the beam built up of elementary embedded-fiber layers considered as E-type fiber bundle cells using the formulae developed in the first part of this paper. The fracture processes obtained by measurements were compared to the modeled expected value processes completed with deviation field or confidence interval.


Objective To find out the mechanism of Astragalus and Angelica (A A) decreasing serum lipid in rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS). Methods A rat model of accelerated nephrotoxic serum nephritis with NS was used in this study. NS rats were divided into two groups: one group was treated with A A, another group with water. In addition, normal rats were used as control. Serum lipid profile was measured by enzymological techneque in all three groups. Liver tissue HMG CoA reductase mRNA and LDL R mRNA expression were analysed by Northern bolt.Results Hyperlipidemia was observed in nephrotic rats. In this group, hepatic HMG CoA reductase mRNA expression was temporarily higher in 3rd day, LDL R mRNA expression was gradually down regulated (P0 001,compared with normal control). Though liver tissue HMG CoA reductase mRNA had no obvious change in A A group, the LDL R mRNA expression was significantly up regulated compared with NS group (P0 01). Meanwhile, Ch、TG、LDL and VLDL were obviously lower in A A group than that in NS group. Conclusion A A can significantly decrease the serum lipid level in NS rats.This improvement of lipid metabolism disorder in NS rats may be made partly via up regulating LDL R mRNA expression in liver.


The importance of renewable energy technologies is increasingly recognized. It is generally assumed that renewable energy technologies are unproblematic due to their small-scale and their green and clean image. But how are these technologies actually working on the ground? In my dissertation I studied forms, contents and consequences of civic engagement with small-scale hydroelectric plants in India. I show that the social acceptance of renewable energy technologies is not straightforward, despite their benign image and their small scale. Providing power to people has as much to do with electricity as it has with social and contextual issues.


Mentha longifolia (Horse Mint; syn. M. sylvestris L.) is a well known species in the genusMentha (mint) widely applied in medicine as a constituent of various drugs, and is often used in aromatherapy. The current study was designed to investigate the antibacterial and phytotoxic capacity of methanolic extract of M. longifolia. Five hundred gram of shade dried whole plant in powdered form was subjected to extract in methanol, which yielded approximately 80 g of plant extract. The extract was evaluated for in vitro bioassay including antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,through agar well diffusion technique. The herbicidal potency of the extract was also evaluated by phytotoxic assay in two modes. The extract showed maximum antibacterial potential in various concentrations, and also showed a significant inhibition in growth of shoot and root in both modes of phytotoxic assay, that is, plate and field study might be due to the presence of bioactive constituents in extract.

 Key words: Mentha longifolia, antibacterial, methanolic extract, phytotoxic assay.


The article deals with the politics of indigenism in modern Latin America. Based on the socio-constructivist approach, the changes that took place during the XX-XXI centuries in the public policy of a number of countries in the region in relation to the indigenous population are analyzed, the positions of intellectuals and elites in the formation of the agenda and various options for the policy of indigenism in the context of the colonial European heritage and political events of the XX century are evaluated. Indigenism in this work is considered as a specific public policy towards the indigenous population and a strategy of nation-building in Latin American countries. Special attention is paid to the countries in which a significant part of the population is made up of Indians - Mexico, Peru and Bolivia. These countries have been united by a common history for centuries: the pre-Hispanic civilizations of America - the Maya, Aztecs, Incas, who inhabited their territories, were distinguished by a high level of development of science and culture. However, for a long time, both in colonial times and after independence, indigenous ethnic groups seemed incapable of independent development, they were purposefully destroyed or assimilated. For integrated Mestizo Indians in some Latin American countries, special terms have been adopted aimed at erasing their Indian origin. European liberalism also contributed to the downgrading of the status of Indians and Indian land, which was constantly under attack. Despite the visible positive changes that took place by the end of the XX century in Latin American legislation concerning Indians, they are still forced to fight for their territory, cultural identity, are in a disenfranchised and distressed situation. The article identifies a number of factors (ideological commitment, the nature of the political regime, etc.) that have had one way or another influence on the change in the rhetoric of Latin American elites in setting the indigenist agenda in different time periods. Conclusions are drawn about the variability of the policy of indigenism in these countries at the present stage, depending on a combination of a number of factors.


This study documents a district-level energy intervention and conservation program designed and implemented with the help of community stakeholders, which include students and staff of an educational institution, the National University of Singapore, a local non-governmental environmental group in Singapore and the district government. The program – known formally as the ECO-Living Program – was funded by the district government. The Program was implemented in the Hong Kah North Residential Council in the south western part of Singapore. The research objectives are three-fold: 1) compare the effectiveness of different interventions based on self-reported behavior scores as well as actual electricity reduction; 2) investigate how behavior and electricity consumption are influenced by values, situational and psychological factors; 3) examine the methods of intervention used according to residents' feedback and make recommendations for improvement. The key lesson is that providing information about energy conservation in the right form is useful in interventions. For the residents in our study, straightforward and easily implemented measures, emphasis on the amount of money they can save with energy conservation and evoking environmental concern in them are pivotal to effective intervention. Most importantly, this Program exemplifies the important role that community, bottom-up initiatives can play in promoting sustainable consumption with the resource support of the government. It provides a model that other districts, or even countries, can adopt in engaging different stakeholders in promoting energy conservation at the community level.


The paper provides a simple parking path programming strategy for automatic parking system (APS). The control strategy employs the minimum turning radius of the vehicle by means of a distance infrared sensor to determine the parking path. The programming strategy can simplify the analysis of the parking path; therefore, there is no need to apply any expensive sensors and complex mathematical calculation to determine the parking path. In the experiment, a four- wheel model vehicle has been tested in combination with an microprocessor (ARM 9) and a distance infrared sensor. A vehicle could be safely and correctly parked in the parking space by following these routes.


We discuss the design and optimization of a dielectrically loaded wideband waveguide polarizer for Ku band applications. The selection of width and permittivity for dielectrics has been considered as a combinatorial mixed variable optimization problem. We used cross-entropy method to obtain the optimal set of permittivity and corresponding width of the dielectric, for which the polarizer gives almost constant differential phase shift within 90°± 0.5° from 10.9 GHz to 14.5 GHz and an axial ratio of 0.1dB. The length of the polarizer is reduced by almost 12%.


ABSTRACT Contemporary commercial agricultural production in the Western Cape bears the legacies of longstanding racialised paternalism. Attending to interpersonal interactions and expectations in this milieu, this paper interrogates the changing conceptions and experiences of poverty, personalism, and development among farmworkers in the neoliberal 2010s. Central to the analysis are two vignettes. The first captures interaction between an employer and an employee of a relatively progressive farming business, and the second presents the experiences of a woman farmworker with an empowerment project run by a non-governmental organisation. Both vignettes show how claims to develop or empower inadvertently affirm the disempowerment of those being developed or empowered, while the privileged status of those doing development remains unchallenged. The Afrikaans idiom of 'as jy arm is, is jy fokol! [if you're poor, you're nothing]' brings out the rawness of emotions, expressing a breach in promises of development, as a way out of poverty and powerlessness. Despite the nominal moral consensus over poverty reduction objectives and policies, the neoliberal economy of development in post-apartheid South Africa produces its own social and material inequalities. The burdens and humiliations resulting from changing character of inequalities manifest in interpersonal interactions, perpetuating feelings of worthlessness among the working poor.


A scientific computing module usually has many parameters to control its behaviors. Instantiating a pair of get/set functions for each parameter clutters the interface, incurs code-bloating, overburdens maintenance, and invites subtle bugs. To solve these problems, two patterns are proposed for parameter management. The "enumeration index" pattern is a simple solution for parameters of a single type. When the parameters belong to multiple types, it is difficult for a statically-typed language to access/modify these parameters using a single pair of get/set functions. The "parameter manager" pattern achieves this by templates and multiple inheritance. It also handles additional semantics such as constancy, dependency, and default values in an easy-to-use manner: a client only has to specify the set of parameters and their associated properties. Both patterns are illustrated by a common task of solving the diffusion equation in the C++ language.


In the twentieth century, the social scientific study of religion was dominated by debates surrounding secularization. Yet throughout its reign, secularization theory was subject to a series of theoretical and empirical challenges. Pronouncements of a forthcoming revolution in theory were frequent, yet secularization theory remained largely undisturbed. However, recent years have seen secularization theory decreased in status. Some have located its heir in the post-secular, yet the concept has invited fractious debate. This article surveys a range of engagements with the post-secular, seeking to identify convergences that sit beneath an otherwise divided field. While this survey reveals the failure of the post-secular to fully supplant secularization theory, it does find that central debates in the field today have departed significantly from earlier generations of scholarship, particularly in a reflexivity toward the field's basic concepts, a skepticism of teleological theories of history, and a renewed focus on the relationship between religion and politics.


This article explores the theoretical and methodological challenges of reconstructing the pace of events and activities, which shaped urban archaeological contexts. It argues that the archaeologica...


Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) implementing spectrum sharing between primary and secondary users are able to provide a needed solution for the increasing spectrum scarcity problem. This paper presents a cross layer resource allocation scheme for underlay dynamic spectrum access (DSA) in cognitive radio networks with a goal to improve end-to-end Quality of Experience (QoE) for video traffic, as measured through the Mean Opinion Score (MOS). The presented solution implements a deep Q-network (DQN) that allows a CR to perform resource allocation by observing the environmental variables over physical and network layers and takes actions to update its own parameters across these layers in order to maximize the MOS for its interactive video stream, all while maintaining interference to the primary users below a threshold limit. Simulation results show that perceived quality for the transmitted video using the proposed cross-layer scheme outperforms a benchmark comparable DQN scheme that adapts only the physical layer, often yielding an improvement of one grade scale in the MOS. Moreover, the proposed cross-layer DQN scheme achieves a balanced load on a network with routers with unequal service rates.


Since 1999,when that year was titled "China Eco-tourism 99" by National Bureau of Tourism,General Bureau of Environmental Protection,Ministry of Forestry and Chinese Academy of Sciences,more and more Chinese people have formed the concept of eco-tourism.The vast beautiful and mysterious land of western China is extremely rich in unique and diversified eco-tourism resources.The people there,while opening a better-off way by developing economy and increasing employment based on those resources,should well understand the importance of protecting natural resources and ecological environment.Undoubtedly,the development of real eco-tourism is one of the wise selections in West China.To solve the dilemma of "protection of religion" and "destruction of economy",the paper gives an eco-tourism system practical in West China,it emphasizes that protection must be sticked to as the nucleus,and the green channel of sustainable development must be followed.


Geostatistical inversion provides a quantitative way to integrate the high vertical resolution of well logs with the dense aerial coverage of poststack three-dimensional seismic amplitude data. A systematic field study is presented in this chapter to understand the relative merits of geostatistical inversion over standard geostatistical-simulation procedures that do not make explicit use of three-dimensional seismic amplitude data. It is shown that, by making quantitative use of the poststack seismic amplitude data, geostatistical inversion considerably reduces the space of stochastic realizations that honor both the well-log data and the spatial semivariograms. Sensitivity analysis also shows that geostatistical inversion remains less affected by a perturbation of semivariogram parameters than standard geostatistical simulation. Tests of cross-validation against well-log data show that geostatistical inversion yields additional information over the average trends otherwise obtained with stochastic simulation. In the vicinity of existing wells, geostatistical inversion can potentially infer vertical variations of resolution similar to that of well logs and, at worst, of vertical resolution equal to that of the seismic amplitude data at locations distant from wells. A drawback of geostatistical inversion is the need to convert well-log data from depth to seismic traveltime. In addition, geostatistical inversion may be rendered computationally prohibitive when applied to large seismic and well-log data sets.


The sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in wound healing, but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of β‐ and α‐adrenoceptor blockade on cutaneous wound healing. Male rats were treated with propranolol (β1‐ and β2‐antagonist), atenolol (β1‐antagonist), or phentolamine (α1‐ and α2‐antagonist) dissolved in drinking water. A full‐thickness excisional lesion was created and the wound area was measured. Fourteen days after wounding, lesions and adjacent skin were removed, formalin‐fixed, and paraffin‐embedded. Sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and toluidine blue, and immunostained for α‐smooth muscle actin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Wound contraction was delayed in propranolol‐ and atenolol‐treated animals but not in phentolamine‐treated animals. Reepithelialization was decreased only in propranolol‐treated animals. β1‐ and β2‐adrenoceptor blockade delayed leukocyte migration, epidermal and connective tissue cell proliferation, myofibroblastic differentiation, and mast cell migration. The volume density of blood vessels was increased in the propranolol‐ and atenolol‐treated animals compared with controls. The levels of matrix metalloproteases (MMP‐2 and MMP‐9) decreased in the propranolol‐ and atenolol‐treated animals. α1‐ and α2‐adrenoceptor blockade only affected leukocyte migration, epithelial and connective tissue cell proliferation, and pro‐MMP‐9 levels. In conclusion, β‐1 and β‐2, but not α‐1 and α‐2, adrenoceptor blockade delays cutaneous wound healing.


The purpose of this study is to assess the validity and practicality of teaching materials in the form of RPP and LKS. This type of research is research and development (R & D) with the design of teaching materials (prototype), interview guides (in-depth-interview), observation sheet, where the subject is a school student in one of high school in Cimahi city. Research data were collected through diagnostic tests, evaluation tests, interviews, and observations. The research results consist of three aspects. The first aspect of validity: validator assessment of refined product obtains criteria very valid for RPP and TKM, while for LKS fulfill valid criteria. The two elements of practicality according to the teacher and student ratings: RPP, LKS, and TKM as a whole acquire possible and practical criteria. The three aspects of instructional learning: the percentage of learning activities at the second and third meetings has reached 70.56% with reasonably practicable criteria.


This paper analyzes the way of integrating the ideological and political work of Higher Vocational Colleges into the spirit of the craftsman by introducing the meaning and relationship of the political way, and the rule way and the spirit of craftsman. From the perspective of the subject and object of governance, this paper analyzes the spirit of craftsmen in the ideological and political work of higher vocational colleges and concludes that there are three working teams of craftsmen's spirit cultivation, including counselors, professional teachers and professional classrooms. The study of politics and governance of ideological and political work in higher vocational colleges is to study the leadership and management of ideological and political work in colleges and universities. The ways and means of university management determine the long-term stability of universities, and affect the realization of national higher education goals. The relationship between politics and governance in colleges and universities is to build morality and cultivate people. This article is from the definition of politics and governance, which leads to the artificial entry of moral tree, and discusses the integration of the ideological and political work of higher vocational colleges into the spirit of the craftsman on the perspective of politics and governance. Keywords—administration; school ideological and political work; ideological and political; craftsman's spirit


Objectives: The proportion of microinvasive disease in uterine cervical carcinoma have been increased. The aim of this study was to suggest proper management of microinvasive cervical carcinoma by analyzing clinocopathologic features, complications, recurrence and survival according to surgical management. Materials & Methods : From July 1, 1980 to September 30, 2001, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hanyang University Hospital, we have reviewed 83 cases of stage la cervical cancer. And we devided 82 cases treated surgically into two groups: one was conservative treatment group had treated by therapeutic conization, type I hysterectomy or total vaginal hysterectomy, the other was radical treatment group had treated by type II hysterectomy or type III hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection. We compared complication rate, recurrence rate, survival rate between two groups. The obtained data were analysing by chi square test. Results : The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 45.310.7 years old, The 83 cases consist of 78 cases of stage Ia1 and 5 cases of stage 1a2. The non-radical treatment group was 61 cases, which consists of 59 cases of type I hysterectomy or total vaginal hysterectomy and 2 cases of therapeutic conization. The radical treatment group was 21 cases, which consists of 10 cases of type II hysterectomy and 11 cases of hype III hysterectomy. There was no lymph node metastasis. One case was managed by radiotherapy due to its medical problem. There were no statistical differences between two groups for mean age(p=0.574), mean follow up period(p=0.787), depth of invasion(p=0.101), and lymphvascular invasion(p=0.755). The recurrence rate was 1.6 % and 4.8 %, respectively. The operative complication rate was 6.6 % and 81.7 %, respectively(p=0.424). There was statistical difference between two groups for operative complication rate(p=0.000). Conclusions: The study shows that the prognosis of microinvasive cervical cancer is relatively good and conservative treatment or less radical therapeutic approach may be sufficient. But further prospective study based on larger numbers will be necessary.


This study examines the effect of the presence of a "mother substitute" in the household on urban womens participation in the labor force and fertility in Mexico in 1982. Data were obtained from the 1982 Mexican National Demographic Survey on reproductive history educational status employment status and household structure for a subsample of 2746 urban women who were married (90%) or in a consensual union (10%) and had had a child within the prior 5 years. Theoretically women with higher value of market time lower household income and lower value of nonmarket time will more likely be working women. Women had 3.4 surviving children 83% used contraceptives and 15% were employed. Analysis involved use of reduced form equations to model the joint determination of labor force participation and fertility; justification of this method is given. Husbands education was a proxy for income level. Cost of child rearing is figured as the mothers number of children >5 years and household structure. "Mother substitute" was an additional unemployed female aged >13 years. An imputed wage for all women in the sample is used to measure the value of time in the labor force. Probit regression estimation methods revealed that mothers were more likely to be working when their wage offers were higher. Those with a caretaker in the household and with a less well-educated husband are also more likely to work. Those more likely to be employed also had few children 6-12 years and more children >13 years. In the fully reduced form of the equation determinants of the wage offer (education age region) were substituted for the instrumental variable; the results were consistent. An additional woman in the household was significantly positively related to the likelihood of women working. In the reduced form fertility equation women who were younger better educated with more children and with better educated partners were less likely to have more than 1 child born within the last 5 years. The implication from the negative coefficient of the household-structure variable is that women with additional caretakers are less likely to have more than 1 young child. The causes are explained. Mother substitutes increase the likelihood of working women and do not increase the likelihood of having more children particularly among nonemployed mothers which differs from US results. Future research should refine the measure of mother substitute and account for her presence in the household.


Objective To study the changes and determinants of cognitive function and to explore its predictive value to different subtypes of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)among the elderly in Guiyang city.Methods Using multistage sampling,2 197 people aged 60 years and older were selected from urban communities in Guiyang for a baseline survey in 2004-2005 and followed up in 2008.The subjects were divided into normal cognitive(NC)and different subtypes of MCI groups according to the outcomes of follow-up examination.The cognitive function was assessed by using the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),and logistic regression model was used to analyze the predictive value of cognitive function for different subtypes of MCI.Results A total of 1 409 participants completed follow-up examination,with a follow-up rate of 64.13%.Among the elderly,there were 1 279 with normal cognitive function,72 cases of amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI),34 cases of nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment(naMCI),and 24 cases of dementia.The aMCI cases had a lower score(3.65±0.56)in using vocabulary compared with the normal control group(3.78±0.46)in baseline study.The naMCI cases had lower scores in memory,computing power,visual-spatial ability,and overall cognitive function compared with the normal control group.The scores of memory,computing power,visual-spatial ability,and overall cognitive function in aMCI group decreased to 3.33±2.17,2.26±1.56,0.27±0.63,and 3.97±2.98,respectively.The scores of orientation,ability of using vocabulary,the understanding of language,and overall cognitive funciton in naMCI group declined to 1.59±1.81,0.41±0.70,0.62±1.18,and 3.82±2.61,respectively.After controlling for age,education level and occupation,the memory and ability of using vocabulary showed a value for prediction to aMCI,and so did the computing power and visual-spatial ability to naMCI.Conclusion There are different changes in cognitive functions among the elderly with different subtypes of MCI and the changes show early predicting value to different subtypes of MCI.


Considering personal and incorporation's AHP - decision without capacity to carry out multi-experts' decision, the article presents "dispersion method" of deciding scale and comparison matrix in a rational way, which breaks through the traditional scale - research mode of pursuing pure math consistency and extends Saaty 9 scale standard flexibly, so the comparison matrix constituted by using this method can satisfy the consistency directly in compliance with decision - maker's own will.


Despite growing interest in knowledge sharing processes in informal spaces, there is a paucity of research on technology-mediated learning in these spaces. Yet the surge in student use of Social Media-enabled phones presents tremendous opportunities for augmenting learning in privileged, authoritative spaces. This study investigated the potential of Facebook-enabled mobiles to leverage learning in informal learning environments. Third Space Theory illuminated understanding of how students draw on potentially contradictory, multiple "funds of knowledge" in their meaning making and discourses. Twenty six students were interviewed to explore how they exchanged learning resources and collaborated on academic matters. Findings suggest that student appropriation of Facebook-enhanced phones enhances social learning, hones digital literacies, and affords the co-production of knowledge in learning communities. Paradoxically, these educational gains are undermined by the disruptive nature of Social Media and student ambivalence about the blurring of academic professional and social divides that creates complex, 'collapsed contexts.'


op their own standards rather than have them imposed by government bureaucrats, JDs, or MBAs, it would seem appropriate that the Board of Directors of the American Society of Dermatopathoiogy consider the standardization of some methods in dermatopathoiogy, especially in the area of NDIS, but also addressing optimal handling of tumor reexcisions, and possibly practical indications for immunohistochemistry. While each of us may feel some limitation of independent judgment in our practice by following such standards, we could probably achieve a higher quality of service to our patients and clients. Not the least consideration is that adherence to a generally accepted standard is the best form of defense.


Everything in the world has own properties and interacts with other things dynamically. By their associative relationship they are linked , sometimes combined and separated. These features make a living thing possible to survive in the complex environment. In the case of a sudden change and a barren environment, the living things change their characteristics and adapt their way of life to a new environment. As more computational virtual environment is developed rapidly, the requirement of intelligent system adopting the properties of living things is getting high. Accordingly in this paper for making more efficient intelligent system, adaptive self type changing strategy of incarnation for maintaining optimal intelligent information system was proposed by defining their own types and SEG(surviving energy gauge) of knowledge cell. We apply this system to the virtual memory and show testing results.


: The use of silvicultural systems that emulate aspects of natural disturbance regimes, including natural disturbance severities and scales, has been advocated as a strategy for restoring and conserving forest biodiversity in forests managed for wood products. Nonetheless, key information gaps remain regarding the impacts of these approaches on a wide range of taxa, including understory plant species. We investigated the 6- or 7-year response of herbaceous vegetation to natural disturbance-based silvicultural harvest gaps in a northern hardwood forest in Northeastern Minnesota. These results indicate that harvest gaps are effective in conserving understory plant diversity by promoting conditions necessary for disturbance-dependent understory plant species. However, harvest gaps also contained non-native invasive plant species.


Martin Gruebele, Klaus Schulten, and colleagues show that a protein domain can refold rapidly after it is denatured by a sudden pressure increase (DOI: 10.1021/ja412639u). Understanding the kinetics of protein folding is fundamental to biochemistry. Researchers have used molecular dynamics simulations to capture the short time scale on which a protein refolds in response to brief temperature-induced denaturation. But comparatively few studies have used pressure perturbations to examine protein folding dynamics. In this work, the authors have determined, by experiment and a molecular dynamics simulation, how an 80-residue protein domain responds to a microsecond-scale burst of 5 kbar of pressure. They find that the protein domain almost completely refolds after about 19 μs, with the exception of one helix formation at the end of the polypeptide chain. The work provides new insights into how proteins refold after pressure-induced denaturation. It also sheds light on how proteins pass through transition states in the process of folding. Deirdre Lockwood, Ph.D.


A stimulating but theoretical hypothesis could propose that the more internationalized local SMEs were before July 1997, the more resilient they might have been to the East Asian Crisis, especially compared with the purely domestic market oriented SMEs. Based on a SME survey conducted for UNCTAD in Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand during the first semester of 1999, the above hypothesis was>tested in the case of local SMEs linked to foreign affiliates: 1. The export-oriented SMEs have been generally more resilient than the non-internationalized SEMs, which have been dramatically affected by the sharp decline of domestic demand. 2. Only a small percentage of those SMES linked to foreign affiliates (through subcontracting or other contractual arrangement) have been able to sustain the crisis better than expected. There are many qualitative data research problems to be addressed before being able to be more specific and focused. 3. An even smaller proportion of those SMEs financially linked to foreign partners(through direct FDI inflows and joint ventures)have been particularly resilient. Although small entrepreneurs do welcome in principle more FDI for a prompt recovery of the whole national economy, a vast majority of SMEs prefer to remain locally family owned and are not prepared to open up their equity to foreigners.In times of rising globalization pressure, it remains to be seen (a)whether domestic oriented SMEs or internationalizing SEMs are better suited to the economic and social needs of the economies affected by the recent crisis, and (b)how the two approaches can be reconciliated considering than only a minority of SMEs are able to expand overseas. Among various factors, the internationalization of SMEs has to cope with various HRD constraints and weaknesses. This is particularly true in the case of Thailand. A crux of human resource development for Thai SMEs is the way national competitiveness can be built by the learning process of management and the upgrading of technology and know-how. Theorectically, learning to master the management and improving of self-technology are important factors for Thai SMEs' capability to produce and export goods and services up to international standards, quality, and price wise. Thus, the country will be able to gain export market shares in order to sustain the currently timid economic recovery. Scientific and technological education, R&D, and vocational skills training are thus of central concern in the drive toward increased competitiveness for SMEs, which was already declining during the 1995-1996 before the crisis. However, based on recent surveys, there are evidences of improperly developed and implemented public policy with the result of major weaknesses in HRD for most Thai SMEs such as: APEC Human Resource Management Symposium on SMEs A1-2 --Shortage of graduates in technical subject-Shortage of technicians(blue collar workers)Low primary and secondary education of workers -Availability and quality of vocational training programs Since late 1998, a new SME government strategy during 1999-2003 is being developed for the first time in Thailand, but it remains to be seen how government can come up with appropriate and concrete actions. --The 1999-2003 target to strengthen 8,400 exiting SMEs and to cratenother 24,000 SMEs seems too ambitiuos? --For the moment, with the help of Miyazawa plan funding, the Department of Industry Promotion under the MOI has created the SME institute and two the Automotive and Electronic Institutes. This came in addition to many fragmented, uncoordinated, and nonevaluated training programs in existance so far. --Two of the most original instruments are (a) an international support mechanism for securing manpower for SMEs and (b) the creation of a standardized skill certificate in cooperation with the private sector. --The biggest controversy is the proposal of higher education privatization. Doesm it mean that reduced public spending will concentrate more on primary and secondary education and vocational training in the future? Globalizing HRM for SMEs A1-3 THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION 1. As mentioned already in the famous 1993 World Bank report on the so called « East Asian economic miracle » the internationalization of the East Asian emerging economies has progressed in rather spectacular terms in 1980-1996. However, the degree of global interdependence between a such rapid growth and the inflows/outflows of foreign investment have become a very controverted issue since the outbreak of the East Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 (see UNCTAD World Investment Report, Geneva, 1998). 2. In order to remedy some of the main causes of the crisis, structural corporate and financial reforms are being introduced in the most affected economies of East Asia. They are targeting the necessary reforms of the domestic conglomerates and other big scale enterprises. Whether already widely or less opened to foreign direct investment (FDI) before the crisis, those economies are requested to review the role of FDI as a potentially important contributor to the ongoing restructuring process. In this approach, FDI is envisaged as a strong instrument of globalization of the local firms, leading to the possible diminution of corporate and financial vulnerability vis-a-vis fluctuating domestic and regional markets. 3. The scale and degree of internationalization of the conglomerates and other big firms have been widely studied before the crisis, particularly in the four Asian dragons and neighbour emerging economies (such as Indonesia, Malaysia or Thailand). The restructuring contribution of FDI is already being envisaged for a number of key firms in countries such as Korea and Thailand. On the contrary, indepth knowledge of the East Asian SME sector has remained extremely scarce (except in Japan) until the crisis. This is also true for the limited number of internationalized SMEs in the East Asian emerging economies. 4. Therefore, even if SMEs represent the vast majority of East Asian existing firms and are responsible for the bulk of employment, the impact of the crisis on this category of firms has been addressed neither politically nor economically and financially at least until the last quaRter of 1998. It is being realized only very recently that local SMEs have been primarily responsible for the dramatic rise of unemployment: some SMEs went simply bankrupt, many others reduced their overall activity and downsized their labour force in the course of 1998, and numerous self-employed activities were either temporarily frozen or disappeared. 5. As already mentioned under section 3, the existing knowledge on the relationship between local SMEs and foreign investment (FDI in particular) in the East Asian emerging economies has been very limited until the crisis. APEC Human Resource Management Symposium on SMEs A1-4 Even if the domestic and external market scene was primarily dominated by big scale indigeneous and foreign firms, it can be yet assumed that a segment of the existing SMEs were directly or indirectly internationalized, and via (if indirectly) various forms of foreign firm affiliations, until the outbreak of the crisis. 6. This paper intends to propose a distinction between the few internationalized SMEs and the vast majority of them, working exclusively on the domestic market and through pure domestic channels. Focusing on the first category of SMEs, a few central questions can be addressed such as (a) Has foreign investment (FDI in particular) played some role to mitigate the impact of the crisis on East Asian SMEs? (b) Is it true that those local SMEs having a relationship with foreign affiliates (through subcontracting or other contractual agreements) have better survived the crisis than the pure domestic-oriented SMEs? 7. A stimulating but pure theoretical hypothesis could be that the more integrated the local SMEs were vis-a-vis foreign affiliates, the more resilient they might have been to the 199798 crisis, and therefore potentially to new market fluctuations in the future as well. If such an hypothesis would be demonstrated, then various forms of foreign investment could be further promoted locally by both the private and public sectors in order to restructure/forward linkages between local SMEs and foreign firms.


The utility model discloses a main arm expansion detection device for cranes, wherein the first section of the main arm is mounted with two length detectors, the wiring end of the first length detector is fixed at the head of the second section, the wiring end of the second length detector is fixed at the head of the fifth section, the wires of the length detectors can expand along with the expansion of the main arm, the two length detectors are electrically connected with a torque limiter (5), the length change of the main arm can be detected by the length change of the wires, the program of the torque limiter can calculate the arm length combination parameter of the main arm. The main arm expansion detection device can accurately judge the arm length combination of the main arm under different expansions of the main arm, to obtain more arm length combinations of the main arm. The main arm expansion detection device has simple theory and reliable performance, and can play the hoisting performance of the cranes.


Radiostrontium and 99mTc pyrophosphate accumulated in bone reacting to tumor invasion but not in the experimental bone tumor itself. Both 67Ga and 99mTc bleomycin were concentrated in the tumor as well as in the reacting bone. This discrimination of tumor affinity from skeletal delineation was illustrated by radioisotopic imaging in rabbits. The finding appears to imply that scanning with 67Ga and 99mTc bleomycin would be of help in early diagnosis of bone metastases and in delimiting fields of surgery and teletherapy in the absence of detectable radiographic abnormalities.


This paper introduced gap filling mechanism of wood and inorganic composite and used the mechanism to optimize the wood properties of poplar. Through double diffusion method of the vacuum impregnation, CaCO3 and poplar composite was prepared. Using Sample characterization methods and performance indexes, prepared wood inorganic nanometer composite (WINC) was with hydrophobic and higher hardness.


This chapter contains a list of rules established by International Court of Justice during 1978-2005. The Members of the Court are the judges elected in accordance with Articles 2 to 15 of the Statute. Only judges, and the assessors, if any, take part in the Court's judicial deliberations. The Registrar, or his deputy, and other members of the staff of the Registry as may be required shall be present. No other person shall be present except by permission of the Court. In the exercise of its advisory functions under Article 65 of the Statute, the Court shall apply, in addition to the provisions of Article 96 of the Charter and Chapter IV of the Statute, the provisions of the present Part of the Rules.Keywords: advisory proceedings; assessors; International Court of Justice; judges; Security Council; Statute


This paper starts the study from the state of surface deformation in Saodong gypsum, furthermore, analyzes the genesis of surface deformation and prospects the trend of deformation. The author suggests the prevent measures on administer and technology basing on above studies.


I am delighted to be able to share my thoughts with you tonight and would like to thank the organisers for inviting me to do so. The International Chamber of Commerce has a long history of establishing international standards. I very much welcome this setting of standards, as it is the motor of further financial integration, efficient banking and sound management practices. However, in the light of the ongoing financial market turmoil, more rigorous thinking about banks' risk taking and risk mitigation could be on the agenda for the years to come.


Purpose: In this study, patient and caregiver beliefs about epilepsy etiology and their health-seeking behaviors were investigated as a first step towards exploring a possible basis for collaboration within Uganda's pluralistic health system. We explored differences amongst those with pluralistic versus singular beliefs about causes of epilepsy in a hospital based setting. Methods: 626 participants were interviewed in three hospitals in Uganda regarding their beliefs about epilepsy and their care-seeking behaviors. Analyses were conducted to determine whether beliefs about epilepsy etiology tended to encompass solely biological explanations or whether they were more pluralistic, drawing upon biological, mystical and spiritual explanations for their conditions. The associations of these beliefs with various demographics and care-seeking behaviors were also investigated. Results: The findings from this study indicate that people with epilepsy and their caregivers tend to hold multiple, and often simultaneous, understandings of the seizure etiology, with more than two thirds of this sample holding pluralistic beliefs. These pluralistic beliefs tended to be associated with greater delays in seeking biomedical care (p<0.005) and greater likelihood of accessing traditional or pastoral healers for care (p<0.1). People with pluralistic beliefs also tended to be younger (p<0.01), less educated (p<0.05) and have lower incomes(p<0.05) than those with only biological beliefs. Conclusions: These results suggest reveal the importance of understanding sociocultural beliefs in mediating treatment bottlenecks for epilepsy care associated with medical pluralism. In order to adequately treat patients with epilepsy, there needs to be more inclusive approach to health care delivery that respects pluralistic beliefs.


A passport reader for processing a passport having an RFID element associated therewith. A exemplary embodiment of the invention provides a passport reader for processing a passport having an RFID element associated therewith including an RFID interrogation source for interrogating and obtaining information from the RFID element associated with a passport; and an antenna to transmit signals between an RFID element and the RFID interrogation source.


ABSTRACT

Previously, on internship, a research was done by the writer which analyzes
the distribution rule, especially on consignment distribution rule. The analyzed
finished with a conclusion to build another system that handling especially on
salesman's report. This system would be a web based system. Web based system
could be used wherever and whenever the salesman should report the distribution.
It's only need an Internet connection, and this days Internet connection was easy
to find. The writer final project made the web based mutation and returning
management information system, for PT. Mondrian's consignment distribution
rule.
The writer used PHP and HTML for its programming language, also MySql
for its DBMS. This system had a composite navigation that user can easily move
from one page to another. It's also had an access security so some user had its
own privileges to some pages. To entry the distribution reports, system used forms
that was easy to use.
The Salesman's reports were used to conclude company's stock data. This
stock data would be used by the company's auditor to analyzed real stock at
client's counter. This system would remove the excuse of the salesman that they
were unable to report their distribution on it's time and scare them of for being
analyzed.
Keyword: Web based Management Information System, mutation and returning
Management Information System


This article reviews Electrons in Molecules: From Basic Principles to Molecular Electronics. by Jean-Pierre Launay, Michel Verdaguer 509 pp. , Oxford, UK, 2014. Price: $89.95 (hardcover). ISBN 978-0-19-929778-8.


In this paper, we describe how rover command generation can be automated to increase robustness and help relieve some of the burden on human operators. We describe the issues inherent in the operations planning for a distributed set of rovers, and how they can be addressed using a centralized framework that is a generalization of single rover paradigm. Finally, we describe a prototype system for automatically generating low-level commands to achieve high-level goals for a set of rovers simulated on a terrain of geological interest.


9 Introduction: Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon, the analysis of all the dimensions of which would require an accurate understanding of it. In the past, poverty was used to be measured using the income approach, but such an approach fails to take other forms of poverty into account. For example, an individual may not be poor in terms of income, but may have to spend a significant portion of his income for the treatment of a terminal illness. Contrary to the income approach, the multidimensional approach to poverty measurement takes its multidimensional nature into account. Various ways have so far been introduced in order to take this multidimensional nature into account in providing poverty indicators. These methods include the dashboard of variables, composite indices, Venn diagrams, the dominance approach, the statistical approach, the fuzzy set approach and the axiomatic approach. یسررب هك یهجودنچ تسا یا هدیدپ رقف :همدقم قیقد تخانش همزلا ،نآ داعبا و هوجو هیلك لیلحت و یدمآرد دركیور زا اهنت رقف هتشذگ رد .تسا نآ یاهدومن ریاس دركیور نیا اما ،دش یم یریگ هزادنا تسا نكمم لاثم ناونع هب .دریگ یمن رظن رد ار رقف شخب دشاب روبجم اما دشابن ریقف یدمآرد رظنزا یدرف جلاعلا بعص یرامیب فرص ار دوخ دمآرد زا یا هدمع رقف یریگ هزادنا هب یدعبدنچ دركیور .دنك دوخ نآ یهجودنچ تیهام ،)یدمآرد دركیور یاج هب( باسح هب یارب یتوافتم یاههار .دریگ یم رظن رد ار رقف صخاش هئارا رد رقف یدعبدنچ تیهام ندروآ ناوت یم اهنآ هلمجزا هك تسا هدش یفرعم نونكات یاهرادومن ،یبیكرت یاهصخاش ،اهریغتم دروبشاد هب و یزاف دركیور ،یرامآ دركیور ،طلست دركیور ،نو .درك هراشا شرامش دركیور زا یكی ناونع هب ،رتسوف و ریكلا شور :شور یدعبدنچ رقف یریگ هزادنا یاهشور نیرتدربراكرپ نامزاس طسوت هك تسا شرامش رب ینتبم یشور یدعبدنچ رقف صخاش دیلوت یارب دحتم للم قیقحت نیا رد و دریگ یم رارق هدافتسا دروم یناهج یبای تسد یارب .تسا هتفرگ رارق هدافتسا دروم زین یبرجت دهاوش و یرظن میهافم ؛رقف یریگ هزادنا هب یدعُبدنچ درکیور 1370-1392 یاهلاس لوط رد ناریا داصتقا زا Multidimensional Approach to Measuring Poverty: Theoretical Concepts and Empirical Evidence from the Iranian Economy from 1370 to 1392 Persian Calendar برع داوج ،** يرونوبا لیعمسا ،* ملاس رغصا يلع *** يدمحمرای


Purpose – This paper traces the context of, and outlines the reasoning for, the use of student shelvers in an Irish higher education academic library (Waterford Institute of Technology).Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a case study report on use of student assistants to carry out the shelving function at Waterford Institute of Technology Library Service. It describes the rationale behind the employment of student assistants, the evolution of their incorporation into the library and the management of this now vital element of the library service, and also includes a short survey on the use of student shelvers at other academic libraries in Ireland.Findings – Student shelvers are an important resource in the WIT Library Service, freeing up staff time to concentrate on other projects. In order to make an effective contribution to the library service, the management of this resource is quite time‐consuming.Research limitations/implications – The review of available literature revealed little about t...


The author covers the really existed order of deputies nomination to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the appointment of the chairmen, secretaries and members of election committees while carrying out election campaign of 1937 by the materials of Tambov region and pays special attention to the contradictions of the electoral legislation of that time.


In recent years, efficient logistics has become indispensable, and using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones is promising for considerably reducing the cost and time required for parcel delivery. This paper addresses a parcel delivery scheduling problem. In this problem, a truck loaded with drones and parcels leaves a distribution center and stops at some points on a fixed route. At each point, the drones take off and deliver parcels to customers. We define this problem as finding the assignment of customers to both the drones and their takeoff points. Then, we propose a genetic algorithm (GA) for finding a near-optimal solution in a short time. In the proposed GA, a solution is represented using sets of customers assigned to the takeoff points, and a heuristic rule determines the assignment to the drones. The crossover operation enables offspring to inherit the customer sets. Experimental results show that the proposed GA can successfully find an optimal or a near-optimal solution faster than an integer programming solver for almost all instances. In addition, it significantly outperforms other GAs using a different crossover.


anterior edge of the strong PAF and the anterior border is reinforced by the masseteric ligaments near the anterior edge of the masseter. The inferior boundary is mesenteric-like and does not contain any ligament. Weakness of attachment of the platysma roof at the inferior boundary leads to the formation of the jowl directly behind the strong mandibular ligament. The buccal space containing the buccal fat is anterior to the upper masseteric ligaments. All facial nerve branches course around and outside the space. The surgically important mandibular branch, after leaving the fixed PAF, courses under the inferior boundary of the space, then rises onto the highly mobile outer surface of the mesenteric inferior border before reaching the mandibular ligament. (© Dr Levent Efe, CMI.)


The identification of three high-latitude HEAO I Scanning Modulation Collimator X-ray sources with the chromospherically active RS CVn-like stars HD 113816, HD 146413, and HD 39576 is reported. Optical observations, including coude spectroscopy and broad-band and narrow band photoelectric photometry are presented. The Ca II emission strength of all three stars shows that they are chromospherically active. HD 146413 and HD 39576 exhibit variable X-ray emission in the 1-13 keV energy range, while HD 113816 is a softer and steadier source. The level of X-ray flux detected from these three stars is some one to two orders of magnitude higher than predicted empirically from the Ca II emission fluxes. It is proposed that this emission results from flarelike activity. 106 references.


Teachers affect their students" lives, worldviews and the way they learn to a great extent and play a very significant role in their academic lives. They also have a fundamental responsibility in transmitting a society"s culture and values to younger generations. Considering the role of the teachers in shaping students" lives and their contribution to societies, it is critical that we develop an understanding of the reasons affecting individuals" decisions to become a teacher. The aim of the present study is to profile and compare the background characteristics and teaching motivations of Turkish prospective teachers (PTs) of English enrolled in a four-year teacher education program of a state university in Turkey and in a one-year certificate program of the same university. Data came from "FIT-Choice" (Factors Influencing Teaching Choice) Scale adopted from Watt & Richardson (2007). THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Over the last decade, educators have exerted considerable effort all over the world to find out the reasons that motivate teachers so that more and more teachers can be retained in the teaching profession. Although teaching would appear to be a socially valued occupation, many countries such as Australia, the US, the UK and a number of European countries are currently experiencing difficulties in attracting and maintaining teachers (OECD, 2005). Research conducted with teacher candidates in a number of European countries, such as France, Belgium, the Netherlands, the Slovak Republic and the U.K. as well in the US and Australia revealed that a desire to work with children and adolescents is the main factor that attracts people into a teaching career (Kyricou & Coulthard, 2000; Richardson & Watt, 2006). A report of studies conducted with practicing teachers confirmed this finding. The most frequently indicated reasons for career choice among teachers were a desire to work with children and adolescents, the potential of the job to provide intellectual fulfillment and make a social contribution (OECD, 2005). A large scale study conducted with 1653 prospective Australian teachers aimed to investigate their motivations for having chosen teaching as a career and their perceptions regarding the teaching profession at their entry to teacher education (Richardson & Watt, 2006). Across the general sample, the highest rated motivations for having chosen teaching included perceived teaching abilities, intrinsic values such as the desire to make a social contribution, shape the future and work with children and adolescents. The lowest rated motivation was choosing teaching as a "fallback" career, followed by social influence of others" encouragement to undertake teaching, job security, and time for social contribution. Background characteristics painted a portrait of these beginning teacher education candidates as typically female, young, and from less than affluent family backgrounds. On the other hand, studies in different sociocultural contexts such as Brunei (Yong, 1995), Zimbabwe (Chivore, 1988) and Jamaica (Bastick, 1999) have shown that more extrinsic motivations such as a salary, job security and career status were found to be important motivations of choosing a career in teaching. Researchers who have examined the motivations of career switchers into teaching in various countries have suggested that rewards of salary and career prestige are not high priority for this group. The decision to switch to teaching was mainly for personal satisfaction, rewards of


We investigate the pricing behaviour of firms facing date-specific demand shocks, by focussing on Parisian hotels during a big event, the 2016 European Football Cup. Using a unique dataset, we document an initial propensity to set the same price for rooms on different match dates, although matches involved teams with heterogeneous appeal in terms of the crowd they could attract. Price dispersion across different events, however, emerges as the start of the tournament approaches. We link this behaviour to the evolution of the uncertainty of demand which is substantial several months before the kick-off of the event but is progressively resolved over time. We examine and rule out the alternative explanations according to which uniform pricing early on could be due to managerial decision-making costs.


This paper deals with the numerical approximation of differential equations of fractional order by means of predictor–corrector algorithms. A linear stability analysis is performed and the stability regions of different methods are compared. Furthermore the effects on stability of multiple corrector iterations are verified.


Shifts of the resonance frequency of high Q whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in spherical dielectric microresonators by plasmonic nanoparticles can be greater than the WGM line width, such that the perturbation theory commonly used for describing resonance shifts by dielectric nanoparticles (Teraoka and Arnold 2006 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23 1381) is no longer applicable. This paper therefore reports on an analytic framework, based on generalized Lorenz–Mie theory, capable of describing resonance shifts by metallic nanoparticles supporting plasmon oscillations. Generalization to nanoparticles of arbitrary geometry is presented by employing the extended boundary condition method. Within this framework, hybrid resonance conditions for coupled spherical photonic and plasmonic resonators are established and shown to simplify for small plasmonic nanoparticles. Approximate analytic formulae are derived for the shift and broadening of the isolated WGM and plasmon resonances, from which either apparent resonance shifts or mode splitting are shown to follow. Tuning of plasmon resonances using, for example, core–shell nanoparticles to attain a large spectral overlap between WGM and plasmon resonances is demonstrated to significantly enhance the magnitude of resonance shifts, with a 60-fold enhancement achieved without any optimization. Hybridization of photonic–plasmonic resonances is furthermore demonstrated (in addition to hybridization of transverse electric–transverse magnetic WGMs) and the associated level repulsion illustrated. Finally, the dependence of WGM resonance shifts on the orientation of silver nanorods is theoretically investigated and found to be strong by virtue of the asymmetry of the nanorod.


The Internet of art education is no longer a new topic of education, which is a proposition worthy of the attention of both art and education circles. In the Internet era, "Internet plus Art Education" has realized the global sharing of art education resources. Based on the network and multimedia technology, the school education of art education will move towards "unboundedness". The application of Internet and multimedia technology in art education will be more conducive to educational equity. There is a relative lack of art education resources and human resources in rural primary schools. Internet plus Art Education integrates excellent educational resources, spread to the countryside and other areas where educational resources are relatively scarce in the form of the Internet, so as to meet the learning needs of rural primary school students. This paper introduces the art promotion system of rural primary school with "rural primary school art window". The integration of educational resources has been realized in the Internet era. under the mode of "Internet plus Art education", resources and platform are the two key elements. The rural primary school art promotion system based on network and multimedia technology takes "rural primary school art window" as the core, integrates excellent educational resources and spreads to rural and other remote areas. At the same time, it can provide an online learning and communication platform for art lovers all over the country and even all over the world. 1. General situation of the project On the 40th anniversary of Reform and Opening Up Policy, the state has stepped up efforts to support rural basic education, and art education has increased its support, but the current situation is that educational resources are extremely unequal for various reasons. the purpose of this project is to make some changes not only for the education of rural primary schools through the country's emerging "Internet Plus" as the carrier. And it can also provide a communication and promotion platform for other consumers who pursue art. With the growth and transformation of social economy and culture, the mainstream educational values are gradually changing slightly. In addition to subject courses, more and more parents are willing to let their children learn an interest specialty. Art training and education such as painting and music training has gradually become the first choice for the growing cultural needs. At the same time, with the in-depth development of the Internet in China, Internet technology has been widely used in various fields. The unparalleled space-time advantage of Internet technology in practice makes people see its infinite potential in art education. At the same time, due to the influence of economic development and other factors, there is a serious regional imbalance in art education resources. The popularization and application of Internet technology breaks the restrictions of region and time, and integrates excellent resources. People can watch the curriculum anytime and anywhere, which can alleviate the current situation of the shortage of art education resources in rural primary schools to a certain extent. 2. Research purpose and significance of the project At present, the state makes great efforts to support the work of rural basic education, but there are widespread problems in rural education, such as the shortage of art education resources and the shortage of teachers. At the same time, with the general improvement of people's demand for art, people need a platform for art exchange and art learning anytime and anywhere. In view of the above situation, focus on the study of art promotion system, in order to achieve the integration of national and global art education resources, provide free art education courses for primary school students, and solve the problem of shortage of art education resources and teachers in rural primary schools. At the same time, it can provide an art exchange and learning platform for art lovers. 3. Modules and functions With the popularization and application of the Internet in the country, user' acceptance of online education is increasing. At the same time, the art demand of post-80s and post-90s is increasing. in this context, it is of great significance to study the art promotion system. The extension system of rural primary schools takes "technology and service" as the core, through free art classes and online and offline art exchanges, combined with excellent art education resources to make up for the lack of rural education resources, and driven by word-of-mouth, in order to improve the user experience and attract the art promotion system in the eyes of consumers. 3.1 "I" module The first is the "I" module, users should first register when using the promotion platform, and they need to add personal preferences and main learning directions when registering. The details in the "I" module include settings, 2019 9th International Conference on Social Science and Education Research (SSER 2019) Copyright © (2019) Francis Academic Press, UK DOI: 10.25236/sser.2019.322 1591 account information, my VIP, my courses, my orders, my messages, my coupons, online customer service, my wallet, my likes, my collection and many other parts. In the setting, the function of the promotion system is introduced in detail. at the same time, users can feedback their own opinions and suggestions through the problem feedback. The account information mainly includes the basic information of the users, including age, gender, preferences, as well as telephone number, receiving address (collecting paper course materials) and other personal basic information. My VIP mainly includes VIP courses that I have purchased. In the process of using the promotion system, users may encounter some problems that they do not understand or when the system appears bug, they can directly communicate and feedback with the online customer service. My collection includes all the information and courses collected by users. In this system, free courses and VIP courses can be viewed permanently, and in my courses, you can specifically view the free courses added by "I" and the VIP courses I have purchased. 3.2 VOD platform The art market is composed of consumers and suppliers. At present, people's art demand is more and more. Based on the art demand, consumers are willing to pay a certain fee for art products or art labor. In this system, the registered platform users can be either consumers or suppliers. Users can publish art demand information in the platform, customers should specify their own requirements and write remuneration, and place orders for art needs. Users with permission can view the business on the "VOD platform" and then grab the order. After the success of grabbing the order, in order to safeguard and ensure the interests of both buyers and sellers, consumers need to pay the cost of works of art or art labor, which will be managed by the platform. After the supplier submits the work as required, the remaining labor fee will be distributed to the supplier's "my wallet" after the platform is drawn, and the supplier can withdraw the cash. In the "on-demand platform", users can buy their own works of art or artistic labor, and they can also get a certain reward through artistic labor.


The Final Act of the Second Hague Conference "recommends to the parties the assembling of a Third Peace Conference, which might be held within a period corresponding to that which has elapsed since the preceding conference," and recommends the appointment of a "preparatory committee" which (in the language of the.Final Act), shall be "charged by the governments with the task of collecting the various proposals to be submitted to the conference, and of ascertaining what subjects are ripe for embodiment in an international regulation," and of preparing a program for the conference and a plan for its organization and procedure. This recommendation, in the absence of some catastrophe, such, for instance, as the outbreak of a great European war, means the meeting of the Third Hague Conference some time in 1915, or thereabouts, and already many of the great nations of the world, among them the United States, have appointed their members on the preparatory committee.


Field evaporation of Ir field emitters at high temperatures T and electric fields F was studied by means of field electron, ion and desorption microscopy. An initial emission of Ir-ions was observed only from the angles of build up emitters at relatively low F. The rise of F in 1.5 times in comparison with build up stage led to formation of microprotrusions. These microprotrusions moved along the edges between the angles of Ir-single crystal and played role of the centers of nucleation of new crystal layers. The macrooutgrowths on the close- packed planes were produced by field crystal growth and there were microprotrusions always on the corners of macrooutgrowths. Field evaporation of macrooutgrowths took place at definite T and F. This evaporation was observed as `effect of collapsing rings'.


The manuscript presents a new inventory of surge-type glaciers in High Mountain Asia, derived from glacier surface elevation changes computed from various DEM sources, between the 1970's and 2010's. The manuscript tackles an important topic which is the identification of surging behavior over a large spatial and temporal scale using remotely sensed glacier observables and thus aims at proposing an updated inventory by incorporating historical data absent from other studies. This problem is of significant importance or the community and the proposed paper is of overall good quality.


This study was done to find out the relationship between gallbladder wall thickening and esophageal varices in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. A total of 61 CLD patients were included and divided into two groups. Group A included 13 CLD patients with no oesophageal varices and Group B composed of 48 CLD patients with esophageal varices. Mean gallbladder wall thickness (GBWT) of Group B was 5.6±0.2mm compared to 2.7±0.1mm of Group A. The mean differences of GBWT were statistically significant between group A and group B (P<0.05). The mean GBWT was significantly (p<0.05) higher in CLD patients with grade III and IV varices (6.1±.8 mm) compared to grade I and II (3.9±0.7 mm). The result suggests that GBWT may be considered as an important marker for the presence of esophageal varices in CLD patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14713 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 18-20


A new method is introduced to measure the dimensional changes of the polymeric resins while they go through the curing process. The dimensional change of the resin can be detected by implanting two markers into the resin and looking at the relative movement of them under an optical microscope. In the next part of this study, a partially-filled polymer specimen was made with continuous fibers. The measurement of the residual strain in the un-reinforced polymer phase of the specimen and comparison of it to the shrinkage value, indicated that only 3.3% of the resin shrinkage remained as residual strain in the polymer. Furthermore, the reheating of the bi-layer sample revealed that the stress free temperature is much lower than the curing temperature of the composite.