Background: Corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by the absence or incomplete development of the corpus callosum, the largest white matter tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres.  CCD can occur in isolation or in association with other abnormalities or clinical syndromes.  The disorder has been associated with a continuum of developmental outcomes, from relatively asymptomatic to severe disability.  Anecdotal reports of impaired social skills are a primary concern within this population and there is a high incidence of autism spectrum disorders.  Individuals with CCD commonly have difficulty with tasks reliant on higher-order 'executive' skills associated with frontal lobe functions.  Relatively little research has investigated the possible contribution of higher order cognitive and language processes to reported social dysfunction.  Mutations in DCC may result in CCD and can present with or without mirror movement disorder, characterised by involuntary movements on one side of the body that mimic voluntary movements on the other.  The neuropsychological outcomes of mutations in DCC are yet to be described.Aims: Study 1 aims to characterise cognitive and behavioural functioning in a case series of adults with CCD.  Specifically, it aims to investigate the executive processes in cognition and language that may contribute to anecdotal reports of social dysfunction.  Further, it examines the utility of an external prompt as a potential support mechanism in this population.  Finally, Study 2 provides in depth cognitive and behavioural phenotyping of a family presenting with a rare DCC mutation resulting in congenital mirror movement disorder and/ or CCD.Method: In Study 1, 13 participants with CCD (7 male and 6 female, mean age = 37.15, age range 20-72 years) completed a battery of standardised and experimental neuropsychological measures.  Results were compared to available published normative data or healthy age- and gender-matched control participants.  CCD and control participants were also compared at the group level.  In Study 2, a family comprised of a mother (aged 44 years), daughter (aged 12 years) and son (aged 10 years) presented with DCC mutations causing mirror movement disorder.  In addition, the son had partial CCD.  The family completed a similar battery of neuropsychological measures, with results compared to published normative data.Results: In Study 1, CCD participants' cognitive profiles ranged from superior to severely impaired.  Visual memory, praxic functioning, and executive functioning were most commonly compromised.  To a lesser degree, attention, verbal memory, speed of processing, and social cognition were impacted.  High levels of emotional symptomology were reported in the CCD sample.  The CCD participants were reduced on all measures of generative fluency, across verbal and non-verbal domains, and spontaneous speech.   The CCD group showed benefit from a goal, but only on the phonemic verbal fluency condition.  With regards to the DCC family (Study 2), the son was found to be intellectually impaired, with deficits across multiple cognitive domains.  His two family members generally performed satisfactorily, although they demonstrated select areas of weakness.  All three family members had significantly reduced spontaneous speech. Conclusions: In Study 1, the neuropsychological profiles of a group of CCD participants indicates variable outcomes of this disorder.  Individuals with CCD frequently demonstrate impairments in areas associated with higher-order executive skills, consistent with prior research in this population.  Additionally, they present with reductions in idea generation across verbal and non-verbal modalities, with severity ranging from mild to profound.  In the context of generally sound core language skills, the pattern of reductions in idea generation across modalities is suggestive of a subclinical form of frontal dynamic aphasia in those with CCD.  These reductions may contribute to the social difficulties commonly reported in this population.  The provision of external prompts shows modest promise as a supportive mechanism.  In Study 2, the case study describes a family including an individual with quite severe consequences of a DCC mutation.  The results indicate the presence of CCD is likely to be associated with more detrimental developmental outcomes.


For the improvement of the SiC/SiO2 interface of SiC-MOSFETs, we examined the dry oxidation condition for the gate oxide formation. First, we developed a recipe sequence for dry oxidation to achieve a lower interface defect density and optimized the conditions, namely, the oxidation temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and oxide thickness. Second, we confirmed using C–ψs measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that the reduction of Dit was related to the desorption of excess carbon. Finally, MOS devices were fabricated using the optimized proposed process. We measured the transfer characteristics of the fabricated MOSFETs and found that the subthreshold swing value and field effect mobility were improved. In terms of reliability, the Vth shift of positive bias temperature instability and the intrinsic charge to breakdown of the gate oxide were both improved.


Special features of a technology for seminatural development of software of strapdown inertial sat ellite navigation systems (SISNS) are considered. The implementation of this technology relies on modern recording equipment and provides software optimization over the actual signals and on a set of the algorithms under study. The system SINS 500 based on fiber optic gyros is described as the object of seminatural devel opment. The results of seminatural tests of the SINS 500 system are presented which corroborate that apply ing the proposed technology to create different purpose custom designed SISNS is possible and expedient. DOI: 10.1134/S2075108710040152


This paper introduces a method for bridging topics designed to facilitate generating stories over documents. First, we present a method for topic extraction based on narrative structure with k-means algorithm. We then model the story generation process and present a method for finding a bridge document between two documents.


Rationale and objective: HLH is the aggressive proliferation of activated macrophages and histiocytes phagocytosing blood cells. [1] This report demonstrates the clinical and laboratory approach and therapeutic management to a patient suspected of HLH. Case: This is a case of an 18-year old female with nine-month history of on and off fever. She was previously admitted and diagnosed with erythema nodosum probably secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis, congenital heart disease, atrial septal defect. She was discharged but there was still note of intermittent fever, tachycardia, progressive edema on upper and lower extremities, and increasing abdominal girth, hence readmission. Initial laboratory work up showed anisopoikilocytosis with a predominance of microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells, schistocytes and elliptocytes were seen with few burr cells and nucleated RBCs, normal WBC count, and with toxic granulation. Bone marrow aspiration was done revealing erythrophagocytosis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Patient was started with cotrimoxazole and fluconazole, induction therapy with corticosteroid-dexamethasone, chemotherapy with etoposide and cyclosporine, and blood transfusion. Clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory parameters improved. Discussion and Summary: HLH does not have specific manifestations as it is capable of mimicking other diseases which contributes to its high mortality rate. With this, a high index of suspicion and a thorough clinical, immunological, and genetic workups are required. As in our patient, HLH should be considered when there is persistent high fever and cytopenias. With prompt recognition and appropriate treatment, prognosis may be improved.


The integration of a class of hypersonic high-lift configurations known as waveriders into hypersonic cruise vehicles was evaluated. Waveriders offer advantages in aerodynamic performance and propulsion/airframe integration (PAI) characteristics over conventional hypersonic shapes. A wind-tunnel model was developed which integrates realistic vehicle components with two waverider shapes, referred to as the 'straight-wing' and 'cranked-wing' shapes. Both shapes were conical-flow-derived waveriders at a design Mach number of 4.0. The cranked-wing shape was designed to provide advantages in subsonic performance and directional stability over conventional waveriders. Experimental data and limited computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions were obtained over a Mach number range of 2.3 to 4.63 at a Reynolds number of 2.0x10(exp 6) per foot. The CFD predictions and flow visualization data confirmed the shock attachment characteristics of the baseline waverider shapes and illustrated the waverider flow-field properties. Both CFD predictions and experimental data showed that no significant performance degradations occur at off-design Mach numbers for the waverider shapes and the integrated configurations. The experimental data showed that the effects of adding a realistic canopy were minimal. The effects of adding engine components were to increase the drag and thus degrade the aerodynamic performance of the configuration. A significant degradation in aerodynamic performance was observed when 0 degree control surfaces were added to close the blunt base of the waverider to a sharp trailing edge. A comparison of the fully-integrated waverider models to the baseline shapes showed that the performance was significantly degraded when all of the components were added to the waveriders. The fully-integrated configurations studied here do not offer significant performance advantages over conventional hypersonic vehicles, but still offer advantages in air-breathing propulsion integration. Additionally, areas are identified in this study where improvements could be made to enhance the performance. Both fully-integrated configurations are longitudinally unstable over the Mach number range studied for unpowered conditions. The cranked-wing fully-integrated configuration provided significantly better lateral-directional stability characteristics than the straight-wing configuration.


We discuss the relationship between monads and their known generalisation, graded monads, which are especially useful for modelling computational effects equipped with a form of sequential composition. Specifically, we ask if a graded monad can be extended to a monad, and when such a degrading is in some sense canonical. Our particular examples are the graded monads of lists and non-empty lists indexed by their lengths, which gives us a pretext to study the space of all (non-graded) monad structures on the list and non-empty list endofunctors. We show that, in both cases, there exist infinitely many monad structures. However, while there are at least two ways to complete the graded monad structure on length-indexed lists to a monad structure on the list endofunctor, such a completion for non-empty lists is unique.


This thesis is concerned with the solution of systems Volterra integro-differential equations by the application of waveform relaxation methods. This is a timely topic since such methods can often be implemented efficiently on parallel architectures. It derives convergence results for both the regular kernel and the weakly singular kernel cases, and although our primary concern is with numerical methods, we consider both analytic and numerical solutions. -- In Chapter 1 we study the history of waveform relaxation methods and try to bring the reader up to date with what is presently known about these methods. We emphasize their application to the solution of systems of ordinary differential equations and Volterra integral equations. In each case, we consider both the continuous- time and discrete-time methods and give convergence results for each. Therefore, this chapter will set the stage for the application of waveform relaxation techniques to the solution of Volterra integro-differential equations in Chapter 2. -- Chapter 2 is the main chapter of the thesis and contains all of the original results from my research. It begins by giving the standard resolvent representation of the analytic solution of Volterra integro-differential equations, with both regular kernels and weakly singular kernels. It then considers continuous-time iteration waveform relaxation methods, in which we assume that the resulting equations can be solved exactly. We prove that these methods converge uniformly on all bounded intervals. -- However, the main body of results in this chapter, concern the collocation solution of the iterates that result when waveform relaxation methods are applied to Volterra integro-differential equations. We will consider convergence, both as the steplength tends to zero and as the number of iterations tend to infinity. We study the effect various iterative methods used to solve the resulting implicit nonlinear algebraic equations have on the convergence and complete the discretization by taking into account the use of quadrature to solve the integrals in the method. Throughout the chapter we include numerical examples which illustrate the various theorems, with tables of results and discussion placed in a section at the end of this chapter. -- In Chapter 3, we point out that a major source of applications of Volterra integro- differential equations are the Volterra partial integro-differential equations. We also mention topics not considered in the main body of the thesis. These include numerical stability of Volterra integro-differential equations, and the use of graded meshes for the solution of Volterra integro-differential equations, with weakly singular kernels.


The majority of previous studies of induction logging in fractured formations have typically focused on the variation in spatial resistivity distribution around the wellbore. However, the effect of cumulative charge on the boundaries of an inclined fracture with a distinct morphology on induction logging has rarely been discussed. In this work, the 3-D finite element method (3-D FEM) is adopted to investigate the dual-induction logging response of inclined fractures in formations of different resistivities considering the volume contribution and charge contribution. First, induction logging theory is studied, and a 3-D fractured formation model considering cumulative charges is established. Second, the induction logging responses under various fracture resistivities, apertures, dip angles, and formation resistivities are simulated and analyzed. Subsequently, the corresponding logging response characteristics are studied, and the different response laws of inclined fractures in high- and low-resistivity formations are systematically summarized. Third, a 1:5 miniaturized dual-induction logging instrument was designed and manufactured. Furthermore, two devices were built to measure the induction logging response of the inclined fracture (simulated by nanoscale silver film or metal wire mesh) in low- and high-resistivity formations. The results of the physical experiments are consistent with the numerical results, validating the accuracy of the numerical simulation. Both the results reveal that due to the existence of cumulative charge layers on the upper and lower inclined fracture boundaries, the induction logging response rules of the conductive fractures in high-resistivity formations differ from those in low-resistivity formations, and hence, they should be treated differently.


Abstract Background: In Brazil, the majority of healthcare resources are concentrated in the largest cities, whereas most communities lack proper healthcare assistance in primary care and have difficulties accessing specialists and diagnostic examinations. Considering this, the Telehealth Network of Minas Gerais (TNMG) was created. It is a public telehealth initiative that provides support to primary healthcare (PHC), performing teleconsultation and telediagnosis (electrocardiogram [ECG], Holter, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, spirometry, and retinography analysis) mainly for small and remote cities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Purpose: To describe the successful experience of the TNMG in 10 years of activities. Methods: The TNMG was created in 2005 and supported PHC in 82 cities as a research project and was progressively expanded. A methodology for implementation and maintenance was developed, including quality control. Nowadays it provides support to 750 cities, 88.0% of Minas Gerais st...


Abstract : In the static analysis, the hybrid-stress finite element model is used for (1) the study of edge effects in symmetrically-stacked laminates subject to prescribed inplane strain, (2) the development and evaluation of 8-node single-layer plate bending elements for which the traction-free conditions are satisfied along a straight edge, and (3) the elastic-plastic analysis of single layer plates. An analytic study is also presented to determine the nature of the potential 2-D singularity at the intersection of a bimaterial interface and a free edge. In the dynamic analysis, the stress response in a laminated composite due to a unit step load applied at the boundary is obtained for points which are (a) at a finite distance, and (b) at a large distance, from the impact end. For the case (a), the composite may consist of a finite number of layers. (Author)


295 Background: Treatment response for melancholic patients may differ from nonmelancholic depressed patients, with broader spectrum antidepressant drugs being required for the melancholic subtype. Outpatients (n = 202) meeting the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (DSM-IV), with HAMD17 320 and melancholic features, participated in an 8-week, multicenter, open-label, naturalistic, variable dose pilot study (F1J-AY-HMCZ). Method: All patients received duloxetine 60 mg/day for the fi rst 4 weeks. In patients not responding by this time, effectiveness of duloxetine treatment was compared between patients who either continued on 60 mg or received a higher, fl exible (90–120 mg/ day) dose, for a second 4-week period. Results: After the initial 4-week period, 40.6% of patients (n = 82) responded (350% reduction from baseline HAMD17) to duloxetine 60 mg/day, and 17.8% (n = 36) achieved formal remission (HAMD17 £7) of symptoms. For nonresponders at 4 weeks, no signifi cant differences were detected across the 60-mg and 90to 120-mg treatment groups in the rates of response (47.9% and 42.9%, respectively) or remission (22.9% and 18.4%) over the next 4 weeks. Overall, 58% of enrolled patients responded to treatment by study completion. Nausea, headache, dry mouth and constipation were the most frequently reported emergent adverse events. Conclusions: The overall response rates after 4 and 8 weeks were encouraging for this sample of melancholic patients. In patients who did not respond to duloxetine 60 mg over the fi rst 4 weeks of treatment, increasing to a higher dose in the second month was not associated with any greater clinical benefi t.


Objective To explore a new minimally invasive operation for Hirschsprung's disease(HD).Methods From Aug 2003 to Aug 2008,20 eases underwent laparoseopic operation using an Ultracision Harmonic Scalpel pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease.Results All patients were operated sucessfully.The average operating time was 162 minutes(ranging from 143 to 280 minutes),The ammount of bleeding during operation was 5~20ml.All patients were followed-up from 3months to 5 years,No postoperativelly complications occurred.The patients had 1-4 times of fecal dieharge per day during follow-up.Conclusions Laparoseopic pull-through procedure using an Ultracision Harmonic Scalpel for Hirschsprung's disease has advantages of safety,minimal invasion,little hemorrhage,simple performane ,quick recovery,and low complication rate.

Key words:
Hirschsprung'sdisease; Laparoseopy; gltracision Harmonic Scapel


This paper analyzes how the black characters are included in Brazilian didactic books, from the analysis of black characters and white present in illustrations of didactic books of Geography for the second level of primary school recommended by Programa Nacional do Livro didatico (PNLD) 2010. The aim was to analyze the outcome of educational policy that seeks to ensure ethnic and racial diversity in didactic books. We use the theory of ideology, proposed by Thompson (1995) for the interpretation of the results. Using content analysis procedures, we work with a sample of nine books. Of the total 3217 characters, 60% were white and 20.6% black. As part of an anti-racist agenda in the educational policies of didactic books, as well as greater participation of blacks in illustrations, how the black is included needs to be revised, because the inclusion can, in some cases, contribute to the stigmatization and racialization of black in Brazil.


Abstract : The report contains special technological characteristics of the wheat tr. Durum, which lead to its exclusive use for the production of semolina flour and macaroni products. Bibliographical data are summarized concerning factors which affect the industrial value of the products (varieties, soils, fertilizers). The qualitative yield and classification of the new improved varieties, as well as of the latest experimental varieties of Greek durum wheat, are made based on samples taken from five experimental plots. Measurements are made involving color, one hundred liter weight, weight of 1,000 kernels, ash and protein content, plastic qualities of semolina and color of semolina in B carotene. The data are compared to parallel values of well-known foreign hard wheats.


Rapidly growing modern society needs highly-educated, productive, civic-minded people that demonstrate mobility, humanity, liability to the country, are good at decision making and responsible for their behavior. Patriotic education is a very important part in the system of school education. Therefore, the teacher as a source of patriotic education should have the following qualities: he should be considerate, tolerant, attentive. Unfortunately, as practice shows, most of present-day teachers are not ready enough for patriotic education because their level of knowledge is not high; they have weak motivation, and a low level of patriotism. This paper is aimed to offer a solution based on the development of pedagogical assistance model to form teacher's readiness to develop patriotic feelings in youth. The methods of opinion poll and observation were used to identify the key concept of the research – "pedagogical assistance to form teacher's readiness to develop patriotic feelings in teenagers".


This article discusses two tensions within American Studies, the first between discipline and interdisciplinarity, the second between national and transnational orientations. It argues that these tensions have characterized American Studies since at least the 1950s and that they are still awaiting their resolution. The article also proposes that recent controversies between representatives of the myth-and-symbol school and members of »New« American Studies can be understood in the light of the discipline -interdiscipline tension and that the kind of research that Transnational American Studies advocates has been performed, albeit with a different theoretical inflection, for decades by, primarily, European Americanists.


We present a case report of a 78-year-old male patient, with a left arteriovenous haemodialysis fistula and left subclavian vein thrombosis treated with 2 Cordis SMART stents. Stents were implanted 2 years ago in the left subclavian vein and left innominate vein …


The purpose of this paper is to improve the efficiency of video recognition process and save computational data. According to the encoding and decoding of video, we can know that not every part of the information of each frame is valid in video classification. There are a lot of invalid information, which takes up computing space. Therefore, this paper proposes an efficient video classification and prediction method based on reinforcement learning intra prediction. The process of eliminating time redundancy is further added, and then the video frames with low value are ignored, which further improves the computational efficiency. This method extracts the key frames from the marine biological video, and then focuses on the key image areas of the key frames, so as to reduce the network computing overhead.


This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the stage of feed restriction during pregnancy on performance and productivity of young rabbit does. Thirty New Zealand white female rabbits of 20 weeks of age (first kindling) and weighed 2800 ± 100 g were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (control group): rabbits were provided daily with 185 g of food increased to 200 g from the 15 day of gestation (daily food intake of pregnant does according to 19). Group 2 (R1, early feed restriction): rabbits were offered daily a restricted amount of food (60 % restriction, 111g) for the first half of pregnancy (the first fifteen days) then offered 200 g of food daily till parturition. Group 3 (R2, late feed restriction): rabbits were provided with 185 g of food daily through the first half of pregnancy then offered daily a restricted amount of food (60% restriction, 120 g) for the second half of pregnancy. Treatments started after natural mating. After parturition, all does and their young were provided ad libitum amount of feed till weaning. Does were weighed individually at the start of the experiment then every two weeks and just after kindling. For each doe, the living pups were weighed to obtain the total litter weight and the mean pup weight at birth. Then pups were weighed at 21 days of age and at the day of weaning (the 30 day). Five days after kindling, two blood samples were taken from each female, one for determination of the hematological parameters and the other for separation of serum for determination of prolactin and serum protein concentration. The results of this study revealed that, feed restriction during the first half of gestation did not affect maternal body weights, litter size, litter weight or mean pup weight at birth as compared to the control group. Whereas feed restriction during the second half of gestation was accompanied with significant reduction in the weights of does at the 4 week of pregnancy and at kindling. This decrease became non significant from the second week after kindling till the end of the experiment. The litter weight at birth and the individual weaning weight of R2 were significantly reduced. The highest mortality was recorded in pups of R2. No significant differences in blood parameters or serum prolactin were observed between the control and feed restricted groups. The total protein was significantly reduced in serum of R2 group. It is concluded that, in order to reduce the excessive fatness of young rabbit does, restricted feeding during the first half (the first two weeks) of gestation is recommended.


Expansion of the use of mobile phones increases con cern about any eventual health risks from the micro waves they emit. ln this work, we have looked at whether these microwaves could disturb the nervous system, the auditory system or the endocrine system. No significant effect was observed in the responses of the auditory brainstem or the endocrine system, but a slight increase in activity was observed on the Q-EEG. The functional significance of this effect remains to be evaluated, as well as any possible health impact.


Emotions have been perhaps the most underrated human trait of all. They are often used to explain how people act or react as they do and yet in science they do not seem to serve any useful purpose for rational deliberation. At least that was the assumption of researchers from various areas who a few years ago started studying emotions and its relationship with rationality. It has now become evident that emotions play an important role in learning, memory, decision-making, interaction, and motivation. It has been even suggested that the lack of emotional intelligence, i.e., the capability to recognise and utilize emotions, could impair the relationships between humans and their environment. In this paper a study is presented demonstrating the effects of emotional information on the capacity of intelligent agents to adapt to user preferences inside domestic environments. Experiments were carried out over an 8-day period inside the i-Dorm2 which is a self-contained apartment used as a testbed for various software agents paradigms. Preliminary results suggest that an agent incorporating meaningful emotional data into its input array could model user behaviour in a more accurate way than non-emotional or raw-physiological emotional agents. Improved mapping of human activities is of great significance for pervasive computing for it leads to optimal user comfort and enhanced use of resources. Introduction In 325 BC, Alexander III of Macedonia found himself stranded on the top of the wall protecting the capital of the Mallians (modern Multan in Pakistan). The ladder he had used to climb up had broke and just three of his men had been able to follow him after he had taken the lead a few moments ago (he was aware of a growing apathy among his troops and wanted to set an example). But instead of jumping back among his comrades, the king leaped down into the citadel and confronted the enemy alone. A cautious, rational man would have not risked his life as Alexander did. Or at least that is what reasoning tells us. Nonetheless, this does not seem to be an act of utter irresponsibility or reckless audacity but rather a calculated action stemming from the Macedonian awareness of superior military skills and strong inner feelings 1 . Throughout history emotions have provided capable men and women with the fortitude needed to realize their dreams and ideas be it a decision sealing the fate of a country or a scientific endeavour. This combination of cognitive and emotional components is an ingrained part of human thinking and determines the course of our actions and development [1]. However, it is until the nineteen nineties, sometimes known as "decade of the brain" 2 , that researchers from various disciplines provided strong evidence with respect to how emotions influence reasoning in our decisions and also our motivational and learning mechanisms. Neurologists demonstrated that, for instance, emotions sometimes override reasoning in situation demanding quick decisions and immediate actions. They also discovered that affective states are an important neurological regulator of the relationships of humans and their environment and that normal behaviour is greatly disturbed in the absence of such regulators[2-4]. Moreover, the ability to make optimal decisions is highly dependant on the human capacity to identify and utilize emotions, i.e., emotional intelligence [5]. It has now become clear that the emotional and the cognitive are two interrelated, cooperative, inter-dependant constituents of our being rather than separate, incompatible, independent elements. In fact, those researchers still pursuing the path of a purely rational-choice approach in order to develop models of human interaction and/or inference are facing what is called an indeterminate, inadequate theory [6]. A theory becomes indeterminate when it fails to deliver a unique prediction and inadequate when the its predictions are erroneous. The inadequacy of reason applies not only to extreme situations but also to simple, ordinary, everyday life events. For example, a person could choose to turn a light on because of difficulties seeing or because of 1 This anecdote was likely taken from Ptolemy's accounts of Alexander's military campaign in India and has been cited by many historians throughout the years. 2 This term is commonly used by researchers after the US Presidential Proclamation 6158, July 17, 1990. Early version of paper published in the Special Issue of Pervasive and Mobile Computing Journal on ``Human Behaviour in Ubiquitous Environments", Elsevier B.V, Volume 6, Issue 4, 2010 © Essex University 2006 2 anxiety caused by a darkening room, or switch the TV off because of an emotional episode caused by a TV show or simply out of boredom, or stop working due to stress, depression, or extreme happiness or just because it is time for a break. It is apparent that decisions stemming from routine behaviour could be relatively easy to predict or establish; those involving a emotional-bodily components probably not. The view of computer scientists and in particular those working in artificial intelligence (AI), has always been pointing towards a skewed interpretation of rational thinking as a purely cognitive process leaving affective states aside. This has gradually changed and more computing research has been aimed at finding ways of incorporating emotions into artificial information processes. Numerous investigations have been undertaken in areas ranging from human-machine interfaces with emotional content to the development of artificial nervous systems capable of displaying signs of affect [7,8].


Dogs (10) were divided into 2 groups of animals each. In animals of group 1 uretrotomy and cystotomy were performed without creating any urinary obstruction whereas in dogs of group 2 urethral ligation, for 36 hr, at pre-scrotal site behind the os-penis was done and then uretrotomy and cystomy were performed. In dogs of both the groups, cefazolin was administered intravenously @ 10 mg kg - 1 body weight. In both the groups cefazolin followed 2 compartment open model and first order kinetics. The peak plasma concentration of cefazolin at 2 min was 46.81′0.44 and 55.33′0.50 μg/ml in group I and 2, respectively, whereas, at 7 hr the respective concentrations were 0.44′0.06 and 1.43′0.04μg ml - 1 . The t, β were 2.36′0.003 and 1.83′0.001 hr in animals of groups 1 and 2 were 552′0.29 and 1.66′0.10 respectively. Total body clearance (cl B ) were 454.16′7.57 and 154.42′1.78 L kg - 1 hr - 1 in groups 1 and 2 respectively. In both groups of animals the urine concentration of cefazolin remained well above its MIC throughout the study. The cefazolin concentration at 2hr after single intravenous dose were 37.98′0.70 and 11.58′0.95 in the urinary bladder tissue in group 1 and 2 respectively. The optimum dosage regimen calculated on the basis of results of kinetic data in groups 1 and 2 was 10 mg kg - 1 to be repeated at 12 hr intervals.


A model of the multiple voting systolic array is proposed. The proposed fault tolerant technique uses majority decision by voting, without reconfiguration. As an example, a DFT (discrete Fourier transform) implementation of a triple voting systolic array is presented. It is shown that area redundancy is small and dynamic fault recovery is possible. It is believed that proposed fault-tolerant architecture is suitable for WSI (wafer-scale integration) processors.<<ETX>>


Zeolite 4A is the main substitute builders for sodium tripolyphosphate in non-phosphated detergent. It can be manufactured from savageness clay and the cost may greatly be reduced by this method. In the manufacturing process of detergent-used zeolite 4A from montmorillonite, it is important to remove quartz from clay or zeolite, otherwise the product will not qualified for detergent additive. This article provides two methods, the calibration curve method of quartz content by XRD and the calibration curve method of aluminium ion concentration in synthetic system, to determine the quartz content. Then three methods of removing quartz were studied on, including the methods of whirlwind during the mill run, filtration after alkalinization of silicic acid gel and sedimentation of zeolite.


As one kind of cement-based materials with high strength,high ductility,low porosity and good durability,ultra high performance concrete(UHPC) has gained extensive attention.This paper studied the influence of UHPC constituents on its fluidity and strength development.Results show that the waterto-binder ratio(w/b) is the most crucial factor affecting the properties of UHPC.With the increase of w/b,the fluidity of fresh mixture improves and strength gradually decreases.Under standard curing condition,the content of silica fume has the minimum influence on strength.When the glass powder content,sand-to-cement ratio,superplasticizer dosage is,respectively,40%,1.0 and 2.5%,the strength of UHPC specimen is the highest.


This paper considers the security of sensor network applications. Our approach creates multicast regions that use symmetric key cryptography for communications. Each multicast region contains a single keyserver that is used to perform key management and maintain the integrity of a multicast region. Communications between two multicast regions is performed by nodes that belong to both regions. To ease the network management burden, it is desirable for the networks to self-organize into regions and dynamically select their keyservers. This paper shows how to determine the number of keyservers (k) to use and the size in the number of hops (h) of their multicast regions. We find that power consumption issues provide a natural trade-off that determines optimal values for these parameters. Analysis of one application shows an increase in system security with 70-80% less power overhead than existing security approaches.


Acharya, R. N., Patterson, P. M., Hill, E. P., Schmitz, T. G., & Bohm, E. (2006). An evaluation of the "TrEAT Yourself Well" restaurant nutrition campaign. Health Education & Behavior, 33, 309–324. Beaudoin, C. E., Thorson, E., & Hong, T. (2006). Promoting youth health by social empowerment: A media campaign targeting social capital. Health Communication, 19, 175–182. Campo, S., & Cameron, K. A. (2006). Differential effects of exposure to social norms campaigns: A cause for concern. Health Communication, 19, 209–219. Green, E., & Witte, K. (2006). Can fear arousal in public health campaigns contribute to the decline of HIV prevalence? Journal of Health Communication, 11, 245–259. Halperin, D. (2006). The controversy over fear arousal in AIDS prevention andlessonsfromUganda.JournalofHealthCommunication,11,266–267. O'Grady, M. (2006). Just inducing fear of HIV/AIDS is not just. Journal of Health Communication, 11, 261–262. Shankar, P., Dubey, A., & Subish, P. (2006). Critical evaluation of drug promotion using role-plays. Medical Education, 40, 472–472. Slater, M. D., Kelly, K. J., & Thackeray, R. (2006). Segmentation on a shoestring: Health audience segmentation in limited-budget and local social marketing interventions. Health Promotion Practice, 7, 170–173.


Domain wall in bilayer graphene with Rashba spin-orbital coupling and staggered sublattice potentials, at the interface between two domains with different gated voltages, is studied. Varying type of zero-line modes are identified, including zero-line mode with pure spin filtering effect. The Y-shape current partition at the junction among three different domains are proposed.


According to the special request of silkworm seeds hatch to temperature and humidity,this paper brings forward a method which applies artificial intelligence theory to control the temperature and (humidity) of hatch room.At fivst,establist earmark message space basis error and it's modification,and then acquire earmark action space through abstraction array,at last ascertain control artifice basis earmark action space.The result makes clear that this control system has good control precision,great ability of anti-jamming and notable effect of saving energy sources,which have good value of popularization.


Consider a system of forms fi (xi, ■ ■ ■ , x,n), • • • ,fk (xi, ■ ■ • , xm), whose coefficients öi , ■ ■ ■ , ar (arranged in a definite order) are independent variables. Let bi, • • •, br be the coefficients (taken in the same order) of the forms derived from /i, • • ■ , fk by applying a given linear transformation T with integral coefficients. Let F (ai, • ■ • , aT) be a polynomial with integral coefficients and


We report a case of T‐cell lymphoma presenting as ascites, omental thickening, and raised serum glycoprotein‐125 (CA‐125) and high‐ascitic fluid adenosinedeaminase levels. This case was clinically suspected to be peritoneal carcinomatosis or peritoneal tuberculosis based on clinical, biochemical, and radiological features. However, effusion cytology, cell block, and immunohistochemistry confirmed this case as T‐cell lymphoma. This revealed the role of effusion cytology and cell‐block preparation with imunohistochemistry in the diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


: The surface requirements of engineering components vary widely depending on where the surface is being applied for. Fabrication of surfaces having desired characterises on materials possessing high hardness is the need of the hour to effectively overcome the contemporary application challenges. The surface generation of these difficult to cut material carrying intricate and unable to reach geometries could not be met by existing conventional finishing processes. So, several non-conventional finishing techniques were developed to meet the ever-growing requirements, among them, Extrusion Honing or Abrasive Flow Machining that works on flexible media carrying abrasive particles acting as tool can successfully fine finish the surface. In the present study, the effect of process parameters of one-way extrusion honing on the surface characterises of Titanium Grade 2 is undertaken. The surface roughness is studied using stylus type surface measuring instrument and surface texture of the specimen before and after the process is analysed using SEM images. The results show a significant enhancement in surface finish using EH/AFM process and the process found quite capable in removing the surface irregularities and producing surface with enhanced overall surface integrity.


Objective By using the dot immunogold filtration assay(DIGFA),we got the quick,convenient,exact,and sensitive method which determined the Enterobacteriaceas.Methods The double anti-immunity filtration detected the Enterobacteriaceas by the colloid-gold maker sheep-anti-rabbit IgG.Which selected the mixing fibroid membrane as the immovable carrier.Results We obtained the quick and convenient way that measure the Enterobacteriaceas and its sensitiveness was 253~1.04×10~6/ml.Conclusion In comparison with the traditional detectin Enterobacteriaceae method,the dot immunogold filtration assay had a lot of advantages such as the rapid detectin way,the highly sensitiveness,the convenience application and so on.


This paper presents a computationally efficient, three-dimensional electromagnetic model for eddy-current-based speed sensors featuring an injection coil, two or more pick-up coils and a magnetic yoke. The superposition of incident and reflected fields, which was adopted in previous works, is replaced by a direct formulation; and Maxwell's equations are solved for the magnetic flux density vector, rather than involving a higher-order vector potential. The injected current is accounted for in the boundary conditions, and special attention is given to the modeling of the in-plane spreading of the coils by deriving coil-linkage functions. The magnetic field and eddy current distributions in the whole problem space is obtained by algebraically solving a 12-by-12 linear equation system. Results of the model are compared to experimental results from earlier publications for verifying the validity of the models. Even though derived primarily with the eddy-current-based speed sensing application in mind, the analysis presented in this paper can potentially contribute to various other eddy-current-based applications such as non-destructive testing, where probes with a magnetic yoke are utilized.


As the North American auto manufacturers transfer more responsibility to major suppliers while at the same time experiencing significant engineering personnel reductions due to layoffs and retirements, the industry landscape begins to change. Manufacturers' engineering staffs become smaller, and suppliers' staffs become larger as they attempt to meet manufacturer systems, globalisation, and supply chain coordination requirements. How knowledge is created and shared may become the next competitive basis that differentiates which companies and supply chains win and which lose. The results of the survey uncovered six major issues that one large supplier company – and any company embarking on knowledge initiatives – needs to consider. Companies must understand thoroughly: the value of knowledge within the organisation; acknowledge likely gaps between the perceived benefits and reported knowledge activity levels; resolve discontinuities in knowledge sharing activities within the company; consider possible differences in the perceptions of knowledge activities among the company, its customers, and its suppliers; take into account differing emphases by the company, its customers, and its suppliers on people, technology, process, and culture as facilitators of knowledge activities; and measure and incent knowledge activities in order to manage them effectively.


We document that default recovery rates in the United States are highly volatile and strongly pro-cyclical. These facts are hard to reconcile with the existing financial friction literature. Indeed, models with limited enforceability a la Kiyotaki and Moore (1997) do not have defaults and recovery rates, while agency costs models following Bernanke, Gertler, and Gilchrist (1999) underestimate the volatility of recovery rates by one order of magnitude. We extend the standard agency costs model allowing liquidation costs for creditors to depend on the tightness of the market for physical capital. Creditors do not have expertise in selling entrepreneurial assets, but when buyers are plentiful, this disadvantage is minimal. Instead when sellers are abundant, the disadvantage of being an outsider is higher. Following a negative shock, entrepreneurs sell capital and liquidation costs for creditors increase. Creditors cut lending and cause entrepreneurs to sell more capital. This liquidity channel works independently from standard balance sheet effects and amplifies the impact of financial shocks on output by up to 50 percent.


Utilization of industrial waste products in concrete is gaining importance all around the world. Replacement with supplementary materials will address two problems by reduce Greenhouse gases and cost effective rice husk is the outermost layer of paddy it contains 86.94% of SiO2 and Hypo sludge is such an industrial waste produced in plenty by paper mills. Therefore, In this paper, the effect of rice husk ash and Hypo sludge on properties of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Concrete of M25 grade are investigated with silica fume as powder along with cement. The test was carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties like compressive strength of 7 and 28 days.


The current study aimed to evaluate the duration in response from an external focus control over an internal focus while performing a skier squat, and to know if there is a difference among sexes, Heart Rate, and to identify which of this independent variable predicts better results. For this study, 22 females, and 22 males ranging age 9 to 11 years were randomly selected from a group (65) non-athlete elementary school students. The Accusplit 500 Memory Stopwatch was used to record the time when the students were performing this task. The selected group was divided in two, as group1 "Association Group" (AG) and group 2 the "Dissociation Group" (DG). The time for every non-athlete student was written in the Attentional Focus Data Design Chart (AFDC) and the data was computed in two-way Anova test, using IBM SPSS. In addition, a multiple regression test was executed to determine which variable predicted durability on the task being done. Results demonstrated that there was no significant difference between Association & Dissociation Concentration Techniques. Moreover, Heart Rate was a real prediction of endurance tasks. To conclude, lower heart rates male could perform longer than female and make a real statistical significance difference in this event.


Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) resonators with high resonant frequency (in the GHz range) are described. In this work Interdigital Transducers (IDTs) of the SAW resonator are scaled down to 150nm. The resonant frequency of a SAW resonators is mainly limited by the width of IDTs and types of piezoelectric materials used. Hence, hundreds nanometer size of IDTs will increase the frequency up to several Gigahertz (GHz), which will improve the sensitivity to detect a small load mass change in real time and shows a promising potential for sensing fields.


Annual variation of biotoxicity was inspected by the method of photobacteria in the Zhelin Bay,the east coast of Guangdong Province,China.The results showed that biotoxycity of the water and sediments were non-toxicant or low toxicant in the surveyed area,which implied no toxic matters polluted this area.The highest relative luminescence of 131% and the lowest of 84% emerged respectively in different sampling months in the annual survey.Annual averages of relative luminescence of samples were over 100% on the surface of water,at the bottom of water and in sediment at each station.Because of that the sea water activated the photobacteria,most of relative luminescence of samples were higher than that of the control treatment.The annual and seasonal variations of relative luminescence were irregular,and the relationship was not clear between relative luminescence and seasonal abundance changes of bacteria.There were no certain relation between relative luminescence and bacterial densities.The method inspecting biotoxocity in sediment samples need improve.


Introduction: Healthcare advances in hemophilia have led to near-normal life expectancies in a disorder previously associated with early death. Unlike other disorders where the therapeutic goal is to restore deficiencies to normal levels, prophylaxis in hemophilia is used to achieve a plasma level of FVIII >1%, such that severe hemophilia may be reduced to a moderate/mild phenotype. With the development of new therapies, treatment goals are evolving from on-demand treatment or prevention of bleeds to one where the risk of bleeding is minimal/absent. To accelerate this development, a new treatment paradigm is needed, with consensus from key stakeholder communities, to facilitate a shared vision for the future of hemophilia healthcare. Methods: A panel of hemophilia providers, patient advocates, and industry representatives convened to develop a new treatment model that establishes specific treatment milestones and target outcomes in a stepwise fashion, culminating in a progressive definition of cure. Results: To represent the collective experience of hemophilia for patients and treaters around the world, the following treatment milestones were defined based on optimized outcomes: (i) Sustain Life – prevention of premature death; (ii) Minimal Joint Impairment – improved quality of life; participation in activities of daily living; (iii) Freedom From Spontaneous Bleeds – ability to engage in low-risk activities; (iv) Attainment of 'Normal' Mobility – participation in work, career, and family life without restriction; (v) Able to Sustain Minor Trauma – more unrestricted lifestyle; (vi) Ability to Sustain Major Surgery or Trauma Without Additional Intervention – no dependency on specialized healthcare; (vii) Normal Hemostasis – optimal health and well-being; and (viii) Cure – health equity. Conclusions: With milestones for disease management leading toward normalized hemostasis, this treatment model provides a vision to improve hemophilia care for all patients. And by providing achievable outcomes, the community—patients, treaters, and their industry partners—has a clear path to achieve that goal.


Background: Pharmacological treatment of venous diseases is common, but there is considerable international variation in the use of drugs. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical evidence. Methods: A systematic literature review (1966-2000) was carried out. Results: 144 studies were identified and considered for review. A wide range of drug types is used of which the 'venotonic' drugs are the most numerous. Some members of this group reduce oedema and symptoms compared to placebo. Diosmin and hesperidin may accelerate venous leg ulcer healing. The anabolic steroid stanozolol reduces the area of lipodermatosclerosis when used in combination with stockings but has the disadvantage of androgenic side effects. In the management of venous ulceration, Ifetroban and antibiotics are ineffective and aspirin has not been properly evaluated outside a very limited pilot study. Oxpentifylline has been shown to have a wound healing effect in some studies. Conclusion: Drugs are widely used in the management of venous diseases, but none abolishes varicose veins or venous ulcers. Some venotonic drugs reduce the symptoms of venous disease including oedema. A few studies show modest efficacy in leg ulcer healing. There is considerable scope for the development of more effective drugs in the treatment of chronic venous disease.


For a new system-circle-linked,the problem about chaotic anti-control of circle-linked system is considered via the method of the nonlinear feedback,according to the nature of anti-control of a chaos system.By introducing tracking control subtly,the chaotic anti-control of the new circle- linked system is successfully realized.The proposed method need not estimate the Lyapunov function of the chaotic system,and can dramatically reduce the computation.Numerical simulations show the circlevlinked system can track the given chaotic system fast and efficiently,fully demonstrated the superiority of the circle-linked system.


Effective anti‐fibrotic therapeutic solutions are unavailable so far. The heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) exerts deleterious effects in some fibrotic diseases. S‐nitrosylation (SNO) of HSP90 affects its own function. However, little is known about its role in pathological stress. Here, we investigated the effect of SNO‐HSP90 on cardiac fibrosis.


Many polities in transition are undermined by what is commonly called a 'deliberation deficit', which means the absence from a given social formation of a common ethos that frames the debate on issues of general concern. In a sense, this scenario can be revealing, for it often highlights some of the nagging issues haunting the process of nation-building itself. This arguably is the case in Nigeria where, in November 2002, violence in the northern part of the country over the Miss World 2002 beauty pageant once again exposed the shallowness of the country's political foundation, and the lack of a mutually defined 'civil religion'. The argument has been advanced that the secularization of power is a precondition for the establishment of civil society and the nation-state. One implication of this theoretical postulate is that we cannot begin to imagine a secularized civil society or state in Nigeria in the face of the challenge by forces sworn to religious fundamentalism. In fact, if anything at all, the fundamentalist violence over the Miss World beauty pageant has only illustrated some of the basic contradictions in the Nigerian polity that many recent analyses have failed to apprehend. These include: the sharp dissonance in perceptions of public morality, the loss of confidence in the state as the bearer of a moral project, and the disputed nature of the secular framework itself. Using the Miss World affair as a contextual backdrop, Obadare puts these deeply interwoven themes in perspective, arguing that Islamic fundamentalism in Nigeria endangers a truly independent public sphere of critical deliberation constituted by equal citizens. He concludes by evaluating the prospects for democratic stability in Nigeria in the face of the resurgence of Islamic fundamentalism.


"Get Outta Town!" the ads around Brooklyn, Queens, and Manhattan have screamed. To New Yorkers of the five boroughs (and maybe a little beyond), the recent message has been clear. For a couple of years now, a big focus for tourism in New York State--at the behest of our current Governor Cuomo--has been to get people of The City and close environs to vacation Upstate. Posters in city buses try to catch riders' attention with photos of exciting things to see or do north of Yankee Stadium. TV and radio spots with voiceovers by well-known New Yorkers urge city dwellers and suburbanites to think of the Hudson Valley, the Finger Lakes, or the Adirondacks when they're looking for a weekend--or a week-long--getaway. For a short time, even some cars on the 42nd Street crosstown shuttle were wrapped with dramatic images of hikers or snowboarders and a call to take advantage of Upstate assets for recreation and relaxation. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Actually, this is hardly a new idea. While lecturing to city folks in Boston and Connecticut in the 1860s about the health-enhancing, spirit-reviving values of travel to the Great North Woods, Rev W H. H. Murray became a household name--"Adirondack Murray"--to urban dwellers. His book, Adventures in the Wilderness, or, Camp-Life in the Adirondacks went through eight printings in 1869, its first year. Realizing its value as a tourist's guide, Murray's later editions included maps of the region and train schedules from various Eastern cities to places like Lake George, Old Forge, and Saranac Lake. An amazing flurry of activity in these isolated areas occurred; railroad and steamboat access deep into the wilderness was created to accommodate the sudden demand; scores of rustic Great Camps and upscale resorts were constructed in the wilds to appeal to people who were not quite used to living like Adirondackers; and a regional industry of hunting and fishing guides, camp caretakers and cooks, guideboat and canoe builders, tourist cabin and small hotel owners was born. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] In the same era, vacationers from The City--especially the more prosperous kind--found their way to various parts of Upstate to vacation. Seasonal homes were built in the Hudson Valley, a short train ride from Grand Central Station. Ethnic resorts and hotels, catering to the Irish, Germans, Czechs, and Italians, prospered as did, of course, the much-celebrated Jewish destinations to "the Borscht Belt" in the Catskills. Niagara Falls for honeymoons, wineries and TB-cure resorts in the Finger Lakes, religious retreats like the Chautauqua Institution and Lily Dale--all these and more have had their days as popular destinations away from city life. Some are still doing well; some are long gone. Promoting travel to "the provinces" is not a new idea, either. Who doesn't recognize the iconic "I Love New York" logo--complete with the red heart symbol--that was created by graphic artist Milton Glaser for a state-funded ad campaign in 1977, to promote tourism to New York City? Soon after, came the song "I Love New York," and within a couple of years Governor Hugh Carey declared it New York State's anthem. By that time the program and funds to support it were increased to attract tourists to all parts of the state. In the years since--including the current TV ad series that run frequently--the usual emphasis has been recreation in the Great Outdoors. Exciting video of happy people in inflated rafts crashing through white water in the upper Hudson near North Creek, seniors and teenagers racing down the slopes of Whiteface Mountain on skis or snowboards, anglers standing hip deep in Catskill streams and casting for trout, or families cycling around breathtaking waterfalls in Letchworth State Park--all provide the clarion call for tourists to jump in their Volvos or minivans and head upstate. It's Adirondack Murray all over again, 21st-century style. …


An equivalent single input-fuzzy PI(ESIF-PI) converter with superior dynamic performance is designed for buck DC-DC converter in this paper, which is verified by simulation and FPGA test. Firstly, the stable boundary of PI parameters is tuned by Julie criterion. Then introducing fuzzy algorithm and PI algorithm with analyzing the output voltage waveform and the expression of PI algorithm, the corresponding two-dimensional fuzzy rule table is established with the doubleinput fuzzy PI(DIF-PI) converter is obtained. Subsequently, using two Toeplitz type fuzzy rule tables substituting the function of the fuzzy rule table equally for the purpose of utilizing the signed-distance method to reduce the dimension of Toeplitz type fuzzy rule tables to obtain the ESIF-PI converter to decrease the hardware resource occupancy. Meanwhile, the parameter is optimized using genetic algorithm to guarantee the equivalence of ESIF-PI converters in terms of control performance. The experimental results show that under less hardware resource occupancy, the response time and overshoot of ESIF-PI are 0.44ȝs/mA, 0.42 mV/mA respectively which is superior to DIF-PI and PI converter.


In all natural protected areas, irrespective of the type, it is the managers' role to reconcile environmental protection with their sites' opening to the public. Visitor impacts on protected habitats and species must be restricted, while fostering the positive effects of tourism on a social, cultural and/or economic level. To implement sustainable, balanced management, managers need to define the ecological conservation status of their site, and quantify and qualify the human activities to which it plays host. Knowledge of the natural environment has traditionally been the priority focus in protected areas. Managers have long used environmental conservation monitoring tools. Tools for monitoring visitor uses and the related socio-economic aspects, however, are less extensively developed and respond to more recent concerns. Today, managers are in search of standardised visitor use monitoring tools that will provide the data required to render visitor use compatible with site conservation, improve visitor and local community wellbeing, boost the positive effects of tourism, improve internal management and plan for future changes. This guide is the result of work carried out in cooperation by Mediterranean MPA managers and a team of scientists which has tested methods for studying visitor use with Port-Cros National Park in France.


In the whole production process of soybean protein isolate, the neutralization section is a very important link, and the pH value is the most difficult to control in this section. The main reason is that the chemical reaction in the neutralization process has the characteristics of nonlinear, time delay and time-varying. The pH value will seriously affect the quality of the final protein isolate, so controlling the pH value of the neutralization section is particularly important. In this paper, we use laboratory equipment to simulate the neutralization process in the production of soybean protein isolate. In view of the characteristics of the neutralization process, the pH value model of the soy protein isolate is established. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced to identify the parameters, and the identification results are identified with the recursive minimum two multiplication parameter identification and the genetic algorithm parameters. The results of comparison show that the parameter identification results of particle swarm optimization algorithm are obviously better than those of the other two algorithms. Keywords—soybean protein isolate; pH model; particle swarm optimization


Impact fragmentation and coagulation of solid bodies are important processes in planetary formation. These processes must have significantly affected the formation tit~res and subsequent evolution of terrestrial planets. We briefly review the experimental data obtained by Nagoya University highvelocity gun in the velocity range of 100 to 2000 m/sec: these include the data of impact fragmentation and coagulation of basalt, ice, and metals. The experimental data are reasonably well described using by the "late-stage effective energy" introduced by Mizutani et al.(l). The "late-stage effective energy" is defined by the following equation:


Objective In order to find the pollution source and provide some useful references for the controlling of the heavy metal pollution to the tea. Methods From March to April,2007,the soil and tea samples were collected from 10 tea gardens in the main producing areas. The soil samples were digested. The tea samples were dissolved by mix acid solution after being burnt into ashes,then the contents of lead and copper were determined by FAAS. Results There was a significant positive correlation between tea and soil in the lead contents (r lead=0.650 2,P0.05),but a negative correlation between tea and soil in the copper content. Conclusion The level of lead in the soil will influence the level of lead in tea and the relationship between soil copper content and tea copper content needs to be further studied.


Well-designed multi-modal transportation networks are crucial for our connected world. For instance, the excessive construction of railway tracks in China, at speeds up to 350 km/h, makes it necessary to consider the interaction of rail with air transportation for network design. In this study, we propose a model for an air/rail multi-modal, multiple allocation hub location problem with uncertainty on travel demands. Our model is unique in that it integrates features from the existing literature on multi-modal hub location problem (including hub-level capacities, link capacities, direct links, travel cost and time, transit costs and uncertainty), which have not been considered simultaneously, given its high computational complexity. We formulate this model with $O(n^{4})$ variables and show that the implementation of a Benders decomposition algorithm is inherently hard, because of the cubic number of variables in the master problem. Furthermore, we derive an iterative network design algorithm and additional improvement strategies: MMHUBBI which resolves a restricted problem by the solver CPLEX and MMHUBBI-DIRECT which re-designs the transportation network by a heuristic. Our evaluation on real-world dataset for Chinese domestic transportation shows that MMHUBBI provides a significant speed-up on all instances, compared to using CPLEX, while obtaining near-optimal solutions. MMHUBBI-DIRECT further reduces the runtime/memory usage but provides solutions with worse quality. We believe that our study contributes towards the design of more realistic multi-modal hub location problems.


In this 21st century, there are several essential "student's skills, knowledge and expertise that should be mastered to succeed in work and life in the 21st century". An example of the required skills is the problem solving skills (Partnership for 21st Century Skills, 2009). Problem solving skills covering a wide range of capabilities, including procedural and non-procedural problem solving capabilities (Pretz, Naples, & Sternberg, 2003). In the context of General Physics learning, step by step of the problem solving skills are needed to be trained continuously for both the procedural and non-procedural problem solving. Moreover, problem solving in General Physics requires skills of using the physics laboratory equipment. It is generally understood that in order to achieve the 21st century skills, it requires a certain qualification requirements (Griffin & Care, 2015). Qualification defined as a formal outcome of an assessment and validation process which is obtained when a competent body determines that an individual has achieved learning outcome (LOs) to given standards (Allais, 2014; James & Dorn, 2015). National qualifications system is related to the national recognition of learning and other mechanisms that links education and training to the labour market and civil society. It may include development and implementation of institutional arrangements and processes relating to quality assurance, assessment and appreciation (European Communities, 2008; Ure, 2015). National qualifications framework (NQF) had been set up in three European countries: Ireland, France and the UK before 2005. It is reported in 2015 that the framework is currently being developed in 38 countries cooperating on the European qualifications framework. Some studies showed that the NQF had significant impact on education, training, and policies on working practices (James & Dorn, 2015; Chakroun, 2010; Gosling, 2011). eFFeCtIveness oF tHe InQF-BAseD LeARnInG on A GeneRAL PHysICs FoR ImPRovInG stUDent's LeARnInG oUtComes


The thesis examines local and global functions of code-switching and code-mixing in Chicano theater, i.e. in writing intended for performance. The data of this study consists of three published pla ...


An object of the present invention is to provide an X-ray light or γ can detect radiation such as a line with a high sensitivity, the position resolution and counting rate characteristics are excellent novel radiation image detector. According to the invention, with a scintillator for converting incident radiation such as lanthanum fluoride crystals containing neodymium as ultraviolet rays, converts the ultraviolet light into electrons, these electrons were amplified using the gas electron amplification phenomenon, detection gas amplification a radiation detector combining the type ultraviolet ray image detector, the gas-amplified ultraviolet ray image detector is iodide, cesium or telru ryumhwa photoelectric conversion material, the gas electron amplifier for an electronic amplification using a gas electron amplification phenomenon to convert the ultraviolet, such as cesium to the electron and a pixel electrode having the amplification and detection is a radiation image detector, characterized in that the basic configuration.


Relatively limited information exists on Lake Wood's limnology and ecology, an ancestral lake of the Subanens. Here, we provide a limnological characterization of the lake – exploring its physical, chemical, and biological features. The data on lake morphometry were gathered using an echosounder; lower depth water samples were collected using a Niskin water sampler for physicochemical analyses while surface water samples were collected at five sampling sites for phosphate (PO4) analysis; and zooplankton samples were collected at several depths through vertical towing in March–April 2019. Lake Wood, located at 320 m above sea level, has an extensive surface area covering 7.38 km2 with a maximum depth of 85 m. Lake water comes from rainfall, small rivers, and groundwater and empties into the Dumanquilas Bay via its only outlet – the Biswangan River. Land use of the lake is predominantly cultivated land. Moreover, based on the trophic state index (TSI), the lake's current trophic status is eutrophic. During the study periods, thermocline and oxycline formed at 15 m below the surface of the lake. We recorded three cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Diaphanosoma cf.sarsi, and Moina micrura) and one copepod species (Thermocyclops crassus) in the lake, all of which are common limnetic species found in the Philippines. Based on our findings, we recommend more efforts to manage and rehabilitate the lake to control and manage eutrophication's negative impacts. Finally, our study contributes to understanding lakes in Mindanao that are less represented in Philippine freshwater research.


It is commonly stated that law is an artifact, but this claim is rarely explicitly defended. This article submits this statement to closer examination. I argue that law is not straightforwardly covered by the standard philosophical account of artifacts, since not all laws have authors. However, it is possible to extend the account to include it. I then develop an analysis of law as an artifact kind. I contend that law is best regarded as a special type of artifact, which I call an 'institutional artifact'. On this view, something qualifies as law only if, roughly, it is collectively recognised as law and is constitutively capable of fulfilling law's function as an artifact. I argue that law's function as an artifact is to serve as a deontic marker by creating a sense of social obligation. A putative law that is incapable of performing that function for reasons of form or content therefore fails as law, while a law that is not minimally adapted to that function is legally defective.


Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved behavior and essential to survival. The classic two process model of sleep regulation proposes that sleep results from the interaction between circadian and homeostatic processes, but the details remain elusive. Most sleep research is performed using nocturnal rodents, and diurnal vertebrates are under-represented. It is unclear whether circadian regulatory mechanisms of sleep in nocturnal animals can be directly translated into diurnal animals. In this thesis, I first briefly describe sleep behavior and the two process model of sleep regulation, focusing on the circadian process, and then discuss the advantages of using larval zebrafish as a model to study sleep behavior in diurnal vertebrates. In Chapter 2, I characterize the role of Prokineticin 2, a proposed circadian output factor in nocturnal animals, in sleep/wake regulation in larval zebrafish. I show that, similar to nocturnal rodents, Prok2 is both necessary for daytime sleep/wake behavior and sufficient to modulate sleep/wake states in a light dependent manner. However, unlike nocturnal rodents and similar to humans, Prok2 is not required for maintaining circadian rhythmicity in larval zebrafish after removing external light cue. This result demonstrates the potential functional difference of circadian output factors in different chronotypes, and establishes larval zebrafish as an alternative model for studying circadian regulation of sleep and possibly other behaviors in humans. In Chapter 3, I describe the adaptation and development of TRP channels to manipulate neuronal activity in larval zebrafish, in an effort to expand the existing repertoire of genetic tools for studying behavior in zebrafish. I show that three TRP channels, TRPV1, TRPM8 and TRPA1, can inducibly activate specific populations of neurons in larval zebrafish by using their appropriate agonists. At high agonist concentrations, TRPV1, can rapidly induce cell ablation. Adaptation of TRP channels for use in larval zebrafish expands the variety of behavioral experiments and combinatorial manipulation of neuronal activity that can be performed in zebrafish. In summary, this work deepens our understanding of sleep regulation, establishes larval zebrafish as an appropriate model for studying circadian regulation of sleep in diurnal vertebrates, and presents novel genetic tools for studying behavior in larval zebrafish.


The article presents the results regarding some peculiarities of the response of microalga Porphyridium cruentum to the action of citrate-stabilized silver and gold nanoparticles with sizes of 10 nm and 20 nm. It has been established that the tested nanoparticles added to the cultivation medium of microalga P. cruentum at the beginning of lag phase did not change significantly its productivity during the cultivation cycle. The effect of this type of nanoparticles on the chlorophyll a and β - carotene synthesis during the cultivation of porphyridium is manifested depending on the size and concentrations applied.


The present study investigated recitation skills, constitutive of the number concept, and their relationship with language skills in the Brazilian Sign Language. Different levels of numerical sequence recitation were identifi ed in 1st to 3rd grade deaf students attending a bilingual Elementary School (Brazilian Portuguese and Brazilian Sign Language), as well as the association between numerical recitation and schooling. The ability to enumerate was associated with specifi c levels of receptive and expressive language in Brazilian Sign Language.


Taxonomical re‐examination of the Phyllosticta species parasitic fungi on coniferous trees (Cupressaceae) in Japan was conducted based on current criteria, such as morphological and cultural characteristics, phylogenetic relationship and pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analyses revealed several clades composed of plant pathogens isolated from a specific host as well as clades composed of endophytic species isolated from various Cupressaceae trees. Each clade was recognized as a species from the morphological characteristics and other features, respectively. Five species of Phyllosticta sensu stricto were recognized, and two of them were newly recorded in Japanese mycoflora. Furthermore, new comibination P. pilospora and its epitype are proposed. The epitype and ex‐type strain are also proposed for P. cryptomeriae in this study.


Leptospirosis,although primarily a disease of animals, occasionally occurs in Australia. The diagnosis may well be missed in this country and, even when it is considered, the selection of appropriate tests presents difficulties. This book is a veritable mine of practical information on leptospirosis. It does not purport to provide the theoretical background for such information but tells the reader (by means of a comprehensive bibliography) where he may obtain it. The guidelines are divided into four sections. These correspond to a general overview; the infection, its diagnosis, treatment and control in humans and animals; a detailed section for the laboratory on methods and techniques in diagnosis; and a section for public health workers on control programmes. At the modest price of $8.55, this is a most thorough account of a topic which is usually covered in quite cursory fashion in medical textbooks. The 55 pages that comprise Section B, and include the bulk of information of interest to clinicians, are excellent. This is a book of wide appeal, and not just to Third World countries. Physicians, veterinarians, microbiologists and medical students will all find these guidelines valuable.


The turnover in public associations has been increasing, making it imperative that they develop effective strategies to retain their employees. Considering the role of the leader in this context, this article aims to identify the competence and competence of the leader that contribute to the intention to remain in these associations. It is a qualitative and quantitaive, descriptive research, based on a case study with employees of the National Cancer Institute (INCA), occupying the positions of Science and Technology Analyst and Science and Technology Assistants. Data collection occurs through bibliographic and documentary research and the application of an online questionnaire. An analysis was conducted based on the content analysis technique and descriptive statistics. The results demonstrate the positive relationship of the leader-led relationship with the intention to remain and with organizational commitment. They also show the relationship between supervisor support and organizational commitment. The importance of managers to develop managerial, behavioral and technical skills is highlighted.


This paper presents a coupling lattice Boltzmann and material point method (LBMPM) for fluid‐solid interaction problems involving massive deformation. The convected particle domain interpolation‐based material point method is adopted to solve the structure responses due to the particularly advantage on dynamic massive deformation simulations and the lattice Boltzmann method is utilized for its reliability and simplicity to simulate the complex fluid flow. The coupling strategy for these two methods is based on the consistent conditions with respect to displacement, velocity, and force, respectively, on the interface between fluid and solid parts, including the unified interpolation bounce‐back scheme for curved boundaries, the Galilean invariant momentum exchange method for hydrodynamic forces, the force imposing strategy particularly for massive deformation, and the refilling algorithm for moving boundaries. There is no remeshing operation needed in the proposed LBMPM for both solid and fluid parts even when solid massive deformation and fluid complex flow are considered. Three representative numerical examples are carried out and the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed LBMPM is capable of simulate complex bidirectional fluid‐solid interaction processes with the superiority for the problems involving solid dynamic large deformation behaviors and complex fluid flow.


The survival and dispersal of radio-sterilised Aedes albopictus males were investigated during two mark-release-recapture trials (MRR1 and MRR2) in Panchvati, a village in Mauritius. Laboratoryreared males were irradiated at 40 Gy, marked with fluorescent powder, released in the village centre and subsequently recaptured on days three, four, five and six post-release. Overall recapture rates during MRR1 and MRR2 were 0.8 and 1.3 %, respectively, while 64.3 and 82.1 % of the total males recaptured were collected within a radius of 40 m from the release point. Average life expectancy of the released males was 9 days in both MRR trials. Based on our results, in order to achieve an adequate coverage of sterile males in Panchvati during a sterile release programme, males should be released on a weekly basis with distance between release stations not exceeding 80 m. Moreover, although MRR1 and MRR2 were conducted during winter, an important population of wild Ae. albopictus males were estimated in Panchvati, 2246 (95 % CI: 1260–3232) and 4095 (95 % CI: 3358–4831) males/ha, respectively. Reducing the species incidence using conventional control methods is therefore very important before the start of a sterile release programme in Panchvati. Nevertheless, based on the male population estimate obtained during MRR1 (conducted in July when Ae. albopictus incidence is naturally at its lowest), and with the aim of achieving a sterile/wild males ratio of 10:1, approximately 20 000 sterile males/ha would need to be released on a weekly basis in Panchvati to significantly reduce the vector population. The control of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) is a national priority in Mauritius since the mosquito is a vector of Chikungunya and Dengue viruses in the country (Beesoon et al. 2008; Ramchurn et al. 2009; Issack et al. 2010). To efficiently plan a sterile release programme against Ae. albopictus, it is crucial to understand the ecology and behaviour of the released males in the target area (Lacroix et al. 2009). Information that can be obtained during a mark-release-recapture (MRR) study releasing male mosquitoes include the survival, dispersal and behaviour of the latter in the field (Bellini et al. 2010) as well as an estimation of size of the wild male population in the area based on the proportion of released and wild males collected (Gouagna et al. 2015). Data on population size estimates are equally important since it helps determine the number of sterilised males to be released in order to achieve an effective sterile to wild male release ratio (Jeffery et al. 2009). Very little information is currently available on male mosquito ecology, and even less on radiosterilised Ae. albopictus males in the field. In Mauritius, Panchvati (20°04'60"S 57°41'30"E), a small (3 ha) rural village, was selected as a pilot site to investigate the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) against Ae. albopictus (Iyaloo et al. 2014). SIT, in this case, basically involves an inundation of the village with radio-sterilised males that can potentially lead to the biological suppression of its wild population (Knipling 1955). As an initial part of the programme 3848 and 2200 laboratoryreared, radio-sterilised (irradiated at 40 Gy using a cesium-137 irradiator; Gammacell 1000, Nordion International Inc., Ontario, Canada), marked (dusted with fluorescent pigment) Ae. albopictus males were released as 3-day-old adults in the village centre during two MRR trials (MRR1 and MRR2) on 25 July 2015 and 21 May 2016, respectively. Generations F27 and F35 of an insecticide-susceptible strain of Ae. albopictus originating from Pointe des Lascars (a village 1.2 km away from Panchvati) were used in this study. Released males were recaptured at 28 collection


The developments in education in librarianship and information science in the last five years have been remarkable. They stem partly from the general development of higher education, and partly from the growing realization of the importance of library and information work in our present and future society. The introduction of the 1964 syllabus of the Library Association, and subsequently the postgraduate syllabus, was a landmark. Whatever criticisms may be made of these syllabuses, they placed education for librarianship firmly on a full‐time basis for the first time, and led to the rapid expansion and improvement of the library schools. My own experience as an examiner for the Library Association convinces me of the marked raising of standards that has resulted. A measure of internal examining has been introduced, and this is likely to be extended, thereby providing for a much greater flexibility in teaching and course work.


Experimental testing and development of computer codes for predicting the effects of explosions in air cleaning systems are being done for the Department of Energy. The work is a combined effort by the Los Alamos National Laboratory and New Mexico State University (NMSU). Los Alamos has lead responsibility in the project and is developing the computer codes; NMSU is doing the experimental testing. Obtaining experimental data to verify the analytical work is the main goal of this effort. Of secondary importance are the experimental data showing the combined effects of explosions within air cleaning systems that contain all of the important air cleaning elements (blowers, dampers, filters, ductwork, and cells). This work will result in tools that safety analysts can use to study the effects of hypothetical explosions in nuclear facility air cleaning systems. The experimental apparatus is a small version of a large experimental system that was installed at NMSU. The small system is used to obtain gas-dynamic data (temperatures and pressures) throughout the system (such as within the cells, along the ductwork, and before and after dampers and filters). Gas explosions are simulated in the experiments using a unique system of gas-filled balloons. The experiments will yield informationmore » on the degree of protection a system offers in attenuating explosive effects within air cleaning systems. Analytical predictions were made using computer codes that predict gas-dynamic values such as flows, temperatures, and pressures throughout the system. The gas explosions were compared with the predicted results, and good agreement was found for most of the pressure measurements. Future experiments will involve small explosive charges using blasting caps or squibs. Future experiments also will couple material transport with the explosive gas dynamics.« less


Summary

From the mid-fifties, Sweden experienced a much sharper rise in male cirrhosis mortality than should be expected from the development in per capita consumption. The present paper attempts to explain this anomaly. No evidence was found for the hypothesis that the discrepancy is due to the increased frequency of autopsy or to changes in stress factors (unemployment and divorce rates). Next, the attention is turned to the abolition of the Swedish rationing system in 1955. Available data indicates that the reform had a redistributive impact: the larger the consumption during the rationing, the larger the relative increase after its abolition. Considering the convex relationship between consumption and the risk of dying from cirrhosis, an effect of the redistribution on aggregate mortality is expected. This effect was assessed by means of a micro to macro simulation resting on a multitude of empirical findings. According to the results, a substantial part of the exceptional mortality rise-possibly all of it-is attributable to the redistribution of consumption.


Abstract A simple, sensitive, and selective solid phase extraction – ultra-fast liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UFLC-MS/MS) method was developed and applied for the analysis of selected important pharmaceutical compounds in source and finished drinking waters. The method detected the following six pharmaceuticals, cotinine, cephapirin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacein, azithromycin, and diphenhydramine, at sub-μg/L level in multiple water matrices after pre-concentration by SPE. Cotinine-d3 and 13C315 N-Ciprofloxacin were used as internal standards for accurate quantitation. This method was validated through spike recoveries (67–129%), reproducibility (RSD: 2.3–15.7%), and method detection limits (MDLs: 2–5 ng/L). The method was used to test for occurrence of these pharmaceuticals in source and drinking waters from 13 Missouri water treatment facilities in four different seasons. In general, higher detection frequency and concentrations of pharmaceuticals were observed in colder months due presumably to less dilution (at lower flows) and slower degradation. The PPCP removals by different activated carbons were also evaluated. The occurrence and removal results in this study provide valuable information to help water treatment facilities taking appropriate strategies for better control of trace pharmaceuticals in drinking water.


Theoretical studies of electronic configurations of several lanthanide ions in the Racah–Slater approach were performed with the standard suite of codes by R.D. Cowan, including a fitting of energy parameters. Configuration interaction was considered explicitly in the low configurations and was processed by effective parameters for doubly-excited far configurations. Mean errors lower than 100 cm–1 were obtained. Systematic differences are noticed between radial integrals calculated by ab initio PHFR and the Pfit fitted values. The consistency of the scaling factors SF(P) = Pfit/PHFR and of the effective parameters for far configuration effects is shown. In an application to Tm II, the predicted transition probabilities compared well with line intensities and led to the finding of new energy levels. In Nd II, the configuration 4f5 is identified.


Author comment on "Suspended sediment and discharge dynamics in a glaciated alpine environment: Identifying crucial areas and time periods on several spatial and temporal scales in the Austria"


This study examines the case for the development of an online community for people with diabetes using an analysis of the perceptions of a range of stakeholders in New Zealand. The case study examines three organizations and discusses the issues that affect the building and use of a dedicated virtual diabetes community. Results show a mixed response where members of diabetes support groups express enthusiasm for the concepts of the community while non-profit organizations and medical representatives articulate reservations. Suggestions are made for a framework that incorporates the ideas of all stakeholders.


Testability prediction is a project taking testability metrics of UUT as subject investigated.The primary mathematic tool of testability prediction is probability theory.And Bayesian networks are model representing uncertainty knowledge based probability theory and graph theory,which has exhibited distinguished performance in representation and reasoning of uncertainty knowledge and graph model domain.So we combine Bayesian networks and testability prediction project together.The testability prediction method base on Bayesian networks is not only modeled conveniently,and is able to be integrated into information framework of testability and diagnosis.It makes that predictive result from Bayesian method is more believable.The information framework makes testability prediction project easy to exchange information with other projects such as testability allocation project,testability assessment project,reliability engineering and so on.The method embodies the thought of concurrent design.It has been proved to suit to life-cycle health management of UUT.


Qu Yuan and Dante could be well called the souls of Chinese and western poets respectively. They both had the qualities of a prophet and poet and experienced roughly the similar hardships of life. Their works are monuments worthy of the essence of Chinese and western cultures. Symbolically expressing man's depressed soul in dire straits,Dante narrated how a soul could be saved by reason and faith, which is quite a comedy, while Qu Yuan, owing to absence of faith, suffered an aimless soul and sank in desperate struggles, thus ending up as a tragedy king through ages.


Until the conclusion of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, there were roughly 750,000 Jews living in Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, Yemen, Algeria and Palestine/Israel. A comparative electronic survey of some 900 journals reveals that when scholars referred to these individuals collectively during the last 200 years they employed some twenty different signifiers. The question I address is simple yet potentially foundational: which collective signifier can define and capture most productively, inclusively and comprehensively the socio-political and cultural experiences of those who comprised the Arab Middle East's ten indigenous Jewish minority communities prior to their dispersal (in the post-1949 armistice period)? I propose that the signifier 'Arabized-Jews' exhibits explanatory properties that outweigh those of its alternatives both quantitatively and qualitatively. As such, 'Arabized-Jews' denotes Jews who were culturally and/or linguistically Arab yet who did not self-define primarily as Arab, let alone in political terms. In exploring the dialectic interface between ethno-politics, terminological formations and the production of meaning, this article suggests that it makes sense for contemporary scholars to employ 'Arabized-Jews' to refer collectively to Jews across the modern Arab Middle East.


The solubility of nitrous oxide (N2O) in 13 amine solvents and solutions was correlated to amine mole fractions and temperature using feedforward neural networks. This general correlation, using a massive database, predicted N2O solubility at temperatures between 283 and 398 K in pure solvents [H2O, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanolamine (AMP)], in binary aqueous amine solutions [H2O/MEA, H2O/DEA, H2O/MDEA, and H2O/AMP], and in ternary aqueous amine blends [AMP/MDEA/H2O, AMP/DEA/H2O, DEA/MDEA/H2O, MDEA/MEA/H2O, and AMP/MEA/H2O]. Combined with the "N2O analogy", this present improved correlation can be advantageously implemented in amine plant design software and procedures for the prediction of CO2 solubility in amine blend solutions over wide temperature and concentration ranges.


【Objective】Retrograde systematic analysis to the effect of removing stone and polyp in gall bladder through cholecystotomy by cholescope. 【Methods】Utilize the Olympus CHF 20 fibercholescope to carry on cholecystotomy by cholescope on 106 cholecystolithiasis patients and 26 cholecyst polypi sufferers. 【Result】Obeserve the recurrent rates of cholecystolithiasis and polypi in gall bladders. Only 2% cholecystolithiasis patients recurred after the operation. No one recurred polypi in gall bladder after the operation. 【Conclusion】Cholecystotomy by cholescope plays more and more significant and imporant role in treatment of begnin disease of cholecyst.


Due to the lack of a net magnetization both at the interface and in the bulk, antiferromagnets with compensated interfaces may appear incapable of influencing the phase transition in an adjacent superconductor via the spin degree of freedom. We here demonstrate that such an assertion is incorrect by showing that proximity-coupling a compensated antiferromagnetic layer to a superconductor-ferromagnet heterostructure introduces the possibility of controlling the superconducting phase transition. The superconducting critical temperature can in fact be modulated by rotating the magnetization of the single ferromagnetic layer within the plane of the interface, although the system is invariant under rotations of the magnetization in the absence of the antiferromagnetic layer. Moreover, we predict that the superconducting phase transition can trigger a reorientation of the ground state magnetization.


An important prerequisite for guaranteeing comparability of results among cardiac troponin I (cTnI) assays is the availability of a reference system, including a secondary, matrix-based reference material (1 ). Presently only the NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2921 is available (2 ). This purified primary material has partial commutability characteristics, making it inadequate for directly calibrating commercial cTnI assays (3 ). External quality assurance organizers, such as the Dutch SKML (Dutch Foundation for Quality Assessment in Clinical Laboratories), have a policy of monitoring, for their participants, the effect of ongoing harmonization and standardization efforts, with the goal of having commutable and value-assigned cTnI control materials. We created 2 plasma pools, one with plasma from healthy controls (C), and one with fresh-frozen heparin plasma from acute coronary syndrome patients (P). Immediately after thawing, a portion of these pools were supplemented with NIST SRM 2921, a human cardiac troponin ternary complex– based reference material with a certified cTnI concentration of 31.2 mg/L and a reference cTnT concentration of 36.9 mg/L. To minimize exposure to light and avoid contact of SRM 2921 with glass, we performed dilutions in polypropylene tubes with disposable polypropylene supplies. First, a 121-fold dilution was made, followed by a 51-fold dilution to reach clinically relevant cTn concentrations, ending up with 3 SRM 2921–spiked samples, P, P C, and C (samples 2– 4 in Table 1). Depending on the P and C combination, cTn in the samples was from patient hearts, NIST SRM 2921, or both. We performed in vitro stability studies to investigate cTnI/T concentrations in both nonspiked and spiked control materials stored at 4 °C, 20 °C, and 84 °C. cTn