Multiple difficulties are encountered when designing algorithms to simulate flows having free surfaces, embedded particles, or elastic containers. One difficulty common to all of these problems is that the associated interfaces are Lagrangian in character, while the fluid equations are naturally posed in the Eulerian frame. This workshop explores different approaches and algorithms developed to resolve these issues. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 65M, 65N, 76. Introduction by the Organisers This workshop was concurrent with the workshop on Analytical and Numerical Methods in Image and Surface Processing (see: Report No. 10/2005), and since the participants interests overlapped several combined talks were organized. In particular, we thank P. Schroder, U. Reif, G. Dziuk, C. Elliot, and F. Cirak, for their contributions. Currently there are three major techniques for tracking or characterizing interfaces present in a CFD computation: (i) The level set method, (ii) Phase field approximations, and (iii) Explicit parameterization using Lagrangian variables. Each of these techniques, and various hybrids, were presented by the participants to solve a variety of challenging CFD problems involving interfaces. Several trends emerged during the workshop. (1) The analysis of phase field algorithms is much more advanced than that of the level set method (Elliot and Walkington). (2) If the topology of the surface doesn't change, Lagrangian methods provide very accurate descriptions of the complex motions and physics of 466 Oberwolfach Report 8/2005 the interfaces (see for example the Willmore flow by Dzuik). Many hybrid Eulerian/Lagrangian schemes were presented such as the immersed interface method (Gastaldi), volume of fluid method (Picasso), ALE and deforming mesh methods (Behr, Krahl, Mehnert, Ganesan). The most detailed simulations presented at the workshop modeled hundreds of interacting rigid particles (Turek). The pistons and orientations of the particles were explicitly computed. Progress has been made in the analysis of Lagrangian schemes to model interfacial motion (Dzuik, Mehnert, Nobile) for problems where the interface remains regular. (3) Practical application of the level set technique appears to require frequent reparameterization of the level set function, and in order to obtain a sharp interface it is necessary to evaluate the Heavyside function of the level set function. These modifications to the basic algorithm represent a significant complication to the analysis of this class of methods. These complications also appear to extend to the practical implementation; for example, both Burman and Reusken evolve their interfaces using level sets, but explicitly construct a parametrization of the interface at each time step. Mini-Workshop: Interface Problems in Computational Fluid Dynamics 467 Mini-Workshop: Interface Problems in Computational Fluid Dynamics


The state of cooperation between Ukraine and NATO and the participation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in Alliance projects and initiatives are analyzed. It is noted that participation in the Concept of Operational Capabilities allows to participate in exercises and operations under the auspices of NATO, to be involved in operational duty as part of multinational military formations of high readiness; Participation in NATO Air Information Exchange Program contributes to the coordination of the fight against air terrorism. It is determined that the main tasks in the process of reforming the Armed Forces of Ukraine according to NATO standards are their standardization to the NATO Armed Forces and increasing the efficiency of the country's defence sphere. The implementation of NATO standards involves the development of relevant legislation and regulations, their enactment in the prescribed manner and its application in day-to-day operations. In the process of reforming the security and defence sector, a number of measures have already been taken to reorganize the military administration, but the reform process is ongoing. The «STANAG» standard needs to be tested, which requires a comprehensive review of the entire infrastructure and functioning of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It is noted that cooperation with NATO in the context of security and defence sector reform is to promote the transformation and development of Ukraine's security and defence sector. NATO member states continue to provide strategic advice to the Ukrainian side on institutional development reform. Within the framework of cooperation, a special training mechanism was launched with the involvement of foreign instructors in the form of a combat training center for units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the National Guard on the basis of the Yavoriv test site. The «Comprehensive Assistance Package for Ukraine» was introduced to increase Ukraine's capacity in the process of reforming the security and defence sector, which contains 13 areas.


This is a population-based case-control study of the risk factors associated with the transmission of Andean cutaneous leishmaniasis (uta) with a concurrent design comparing persons who developed uta against persons who did not. Cases and controls were matched by age. sex and place of residence. The unit of analysis was the person . The main exposure groups were: characteristics of the house, environmental characteristics around the house, and behaviour patterns of people. The study was carried out in five endemic regions of Peru. 187 cases and 335 controls were admitted to the study. Using matched and conditional logistic regression, in study areas of Lima & Ancash (region 1) and Piura (region 2) Departments we have identified risk factors which imply that transmission occurs (a) inside houses, (b) outside but close to houses, (c) around houses, but not clearly indoors or outdoors, and (d) away from houses. In region 1 we found three risk factors of type a, using a kerosene lamp (OR=6.6. c.i.:2.2-19.7), having a chimney (OR=4.9, c.i.: 1.9-12.5) and living in a stone house (OR=2.9, c.i.:1.6-5.2), one of type b, cutting wood (OR=7.4, c.i.:2.1-26.4), and three of type c. living in a house > 30 m from road (OR=3.9, c.i.: 1.4-10.7), with a vegetable garden (OR=2.8, c.i.: 1.1-4.1) and living in a house having > 6 persons (OR=4.2, c.i.:l.9-9.7). In region 2, we found four risk factors of type c, living in a house having an earth floor (OR=2.3. c.i.: 1.1-4.7), with cows (OR=1.3, c.i.: 1.1-1.6) and a neighbouring vegetable garden nearby (OR=2.9, c.i.:1.3-6.9), and living > 30 m from a river (OR=3.3, c.i.:3.1-8.4), and one of type d. doing irrigation work at night (OR=2.2, c.i.:1.2-4.2). The variability of risk factors between regions 1 and 2 can be explained by differences in (i) the frequency of exposures and (ii) the importance of factors. We conclude from OR's and PAR'S that much transmission occurs around houses. Certainly, some transmission is indoors: the population attributable risk for factors associated with indoor transmission in region 1 was 79%. suggesting the possibility of uta control by preventing biting in houses. It remains questionable how much transmission goes on outdoors.


This paper gives a brief introduction to the characteristics of the existence of the fourth dimension;analyze the objective existence of the fourth dimension in the landscape design.Based on this fourth dimension basic,we respectively discussed the specific performance of decorative landscape sketches,plant configuration and a combination performance of both aspects.In addition to expect the landscape designers to focus on the design of the fourth dimension,creating a forward-looking ambience in the landscape design.


FIELD: organic chemistry and chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: method involves interaction of 4-12 moles phenol with 1 mole acetone in multisection reactor column with suspended catalyst layer. Column has a raw of perforated plates and drain tubes being both have screens where ion-exchange resin particles in acid form are placed. All phenol is loaded up to superior plate and all acetone is added in column through some inlets fitted along column wall. Inert gas arising through plates and catalyst particles on their is stirring reaction mass (liquid) and catalyst particles being suspension is formed. Also, this gas removes water formed in the process of phenol reaction and acetone. The reaction mass is fed in crystallizer where cooled and forms bisphenol-A adduct crystals and mother liquor. Adduct crystals are separated from mother liquor and phenol is removed from adduct crystals. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis, high and ultrapure the end product. 25 cl, 8 dwg, 6 ex


The functionalization of the primary sites of alkanes is one of the more challenging areas in catalysis. In this context, a novel effect has been discovered that is responsible for an enhancement in the reactivity of the primary C−H bonds of alkanes in a catalytic system. The copper complex Cu(NCMe) ( =hydrotris{[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4‐bromo]‐pyrazol‐1‐yl}borate) catalyzes the functionalization of CnH2n+2 with ethyl diazoacetate upon inserting the CHCO2Et unit into C−H bonds. In addition, the selectivity of the reaction toward the primary sites significantly increased relative to that obtained in neat alkane upon using supercritical carbon dioxide as the reaction medium. This was attributed to the effect of the carbon dioxide molecules that withdraw electron density from the fluorine atoms of the ligand, which enhances the electrophilic nature of the metal center. DFT studies validated this proposal.


Abstract The distribution of fish eggs and larvae shows the importance of the current system in the Skagerrak. The Jutland, Baltic, and Norwegian (coastal) currents form together an anti-clockwise circulation which results in the ichthyoplankton drifting in a characteristic way. It is certain that a considerable quantity of larvae is carried away from the Skagerrak. Spawning of the sprat (Sprattus sprattus) takes place in a very restricted area where it is most intensive along a border line of temperature gradients. The mackerel (Scomber scombrus) spawns during its migration from the outer parts of the Skagerrak to the east. Eggs and larvae of the mackerel are found over the whole Skagerrak but are most abundant off the Norwegian coast. For a certain period in June the eggs of mackerel and sprat are found exclusively in neighbouring areas. The larvae of the two species, however, show identical distributions and are both carried away by the same currents. In other species the distribution of eggs and larva...


Electrostatic instabilities excited by an energetic ion beam are examined as a possible plasma heating mechanism. The dielectric properties of electrostatic waves in a uniform magnetized plasma are studied for a warm ion beam propagating at an arbitrary angle with respect to the magnetic field. The instability threshold and growth rate are calculated for the resonant ion-beam and ion- acoustic modes. The quasi-linear moment equations are used to follow the self-consistent evolution of the macroscopic plasma properties. A comparison is made with the collisional slowing-down rate of the beam. For the fastest growing modes it is found that the quasi-linear slowing-down time is significantly shorter than the coffisional slowing-down time.


A method comprising: determining (304), based on a distance between a pair of spectral lines, LSP, associated with a frame of an audio signal, that the audio signal includes a component corresponding to a generating condition distortions; and in response to determining that the audio signal including the component, adjusting a parameter corresponding to the audio signal gain, wherein the distance between LSP is the smallest among a plurality of spaces between LSP, corresponding a plurality of LSP of a high band portion of the frame of the audio signal.


The maternal and infant mortality rate is very high in Madhya Pradesh. Rampant poverty causing severe malnutrition to all and particularly to pregnant women, low age at marriage, early pregnancy, subordinate status of women and certain old age beliefs related to child bearing and rearing practices are some of the major proximate cultural variables, said to be responsible for this situation. Unwillingness to avail available immunization courses to protect the children against some of the killing diseases, breast feeding without adding supplementary mash food at proper age and practice of sudden weaning further aggravate the situation. This study reveals many interesting perspectives of these happenings that have been analysed in the light of failed observations in the different districts of Madhya Pradesh.


In continuation of the search for new biologically active compounds among bi- and tricyclic systems of 1,4-thiazine and 1,4-thiazepine, we have synthesized derivatives of the previously unreported heterocyclic system of dipyrimido[4,5-b][5,4-f]-1,4-thiazepine.


Tudor historians and literary scholars have long examined the various ways in which Henry VIII and his advisors used the psalms and King David's life to represent Henry's political and religious power. This article examines Katherine Parr's translation of John Fisher's Psalms or Prayers, a book that has not figured in studies of Henrician iconography, but that was one of the most influential acts of royal representation produced in the last years of Henry's reign. Parr's book was printed at a time of military conflict, and as I will argue, it served to represent Henry as an exemplary wartime Davidic monarch – one who was repentant, in need of divine assistance, and thankful for God's help. Parr's book also included an innovative 'A Prayer for the King,' a translation of a Latin prayer for Henry that was itself derived from a prayer for the Holy Roman Emperor. This prayer explicitly aligns Henry with David and Solomon as it draws on verses from Psalm 2, Psalm 20, and the Book of Proverbs. Importantly, Parr made timely alterations as she translated the Latin prayer into English, alterations that underscore Henry's religious authority, his obedience, and his military prowess. Finally, resonances between Parr's book and the annotations that Henry made in his manuscript Psalter point to political collaboration between king and queen on this important wartime crown production.


Imaging at the nephrology point of care provides an important and continuously expanding tool to improve diagnostic accuracy in concert with history and physical examination.


Steatocystoma Multiplex (SM) is a disease progressing with cysts full of sebum which consists of sebaceous glands on the cyst wall and generally cause multiple lesions [1]. Most of them is seen in the adolescence and young adulthood period. Although autosomal dominant transmission is known, cases without showing familial transmission have been also reported [2]. Lesions are most frequently observed in the neck, axilla, and inguinal region. It is very rare to observe the lesions in scrotum[3]. However, lesions can be seen everywhere having hair follicles including scrotum [4]. We aimed to report a 20-year-old case, who was diagnosed with clinical and histopathological SM and treated, in company with the literature.


Population density,spatial pattern and ecological factors of the Syrmaticus humiae had been surveyed since March to April,2008 in Dazhong Mountain,Yunnan.The result showed that the population density of Syrmaticus humiae was about 0.156-0.500 ind./km2.There was significant different between the actual observation and theory predicts(χ2=139.51,P0.001) by Poisson tests and χ2 tests.The spatial pattern of Syrmaticus humiae exhibited a clustered distribution(s2/m=8.41).Syrmaticus humiae prefered sites with factors of mid-mountain moist evergreen broadleaf forest(Ei=0.22),East bevel(Ei=0.32),distance to water 0-200 m(Ei=0.03) and high altitude(Ei=0.16)by analyzing the characters of habitat.


A new variational method for studying the equilibrium states of an interacting particles system has been proposed. The statistical description of the system is realized by means of a density matrix. This method is used for description of conduction electrons in metals. An integral equation for the electron distribution function over wave vectors has been obtained. The solutions of this equation have been found for those cases where the single-particle Hamiltonian and the electron interaction Hamiltonian can be approximated by a quite simple expression. It is shown that the distribution function at temperatures below the critical value possesses previously unknown features which allow to explain the superconductivity of metals and presence of a gap in the energy spectrum of superconducting electrons.


To the Editor:— We read with interest the recent report by Comings and Glenchur ( 203 :305, 1968), in which the authors describe a case of bilateral symmetrical involvement of the supraclavicular fossae by lipomatoses. During the past two years we have personally observed 22 individuals with this condition and are presently preparing our information for publication. We have found a high incidence of the following associated conditions: painless symmetrical enlargement of parotid glands, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and gout. We would be interested to know whether the patient reported by Comings and Glenchur had any of these other elements, which we have come to consider to be a well-defined clinical syndrome.


Losses and flow distortions in a supersonic-inlet aggressive offset diffuser (Mthroat < 0.64) that are induced by closed, separated flow domains on the diffuser's concave surfaces and by pairs of dynamically coupled counter-rotating streamwise vortices are mitigated using fluidic actuation. While pressure recovery is primarily limited by the separation in each of the diffuser's turns, the distortion is governed by counter-rotating streamwise vortices that advect low-momentum fluid from the wall region into the core flow. The present investigations have shown that the secondary vortices are engendered by concentrations of streamwise vorticity that form in the outboard segments of the separated flow domains. Therefore, fluidic control of the scale and topology of the trapped vorticity within the internally-separated flow can be leveraged to control the structure and strength of the ensuing secondary vortices and thereby significantly reduce flow distortion and losses. In the present investigations, fluidic control is effected by a spanwise array of oscillating jets that are placed just upstream of the separation domain. The actuation alters the spacing and diminishes the strength of the base flow streamwise vortices by forming and adjoining streamwise vorticity concentrations of opposite sense. The spanwise distribution of the actuator array can be optimized to reduce the average circumferential distortion by as much as 60% at actuation to diffuser mass flow rate ratio of 0.4%.


Objective:To evaluate the proportions of corneal endothelial cell lesion caused by different factors during phacoemulsifi-cation and aspiration. Methods: Fourteen cats(28 eyes) were divided into four groups. The processed factors were ultrasonic power, lens extraction by phacoemulsification or not, and lens extraction using different level of ultrasonic power. The density of central corneal endothelial cells was measured before and after operation. Results: In releasing ultrasonic power only without lens extraction group, there was no significant difference in density of central corneal endothelial cells between pre-operation and post-operation, but in the lens extraction group, there was significant difference in density of central corneal endothelial cells, and the higher level of ultrasonic power was used, the more the central corneal endothelial cells density decreased through operation. Conclusion: The primary factor that causes corneal endothelial lesion during phacoemulsification and aspiration procedure is debris of lens nucleus, and the other factors cause the lesion of corneal endothelium in normal operations just in very small degree.


The article analyzes and discusses the features of the modern pork classification and terminology, adopted in Russia in accordance with the current interstate standards, as well as for customs purposes.


Location data is vital for many pervasive computing systems. Printed visual tags are commonly used to enable a machine vision system to determine the position and orientation of an observer. We have extended these tags to represent a general spatial zone which can be used to trigger an action upon ingress or egress. Our system is decentralised and computationally efficient, and it is trivial to create and modify zones. We use these tags in a "follow-me desktop" application.


In the era of visual culture and the Internet media nowadays, Cyberpunk, as a kind of youth subculture, often features strong identification and distinct visual and cultural characteristics. It has given rise to the formation of large interest groups on the Internet, including a large number of young people. This paper intends to explore the positive and negative effects of Cyberpunk on teenagers' self-identification from the perspective of visual culture on the basis of the forms and features of manifestation, as well as the spiritual core of the Cyberpunk culture and the characteristics of teenagers' self-identification, and designs a strategy to reasonably deal with the spread of the Cyberpunk in visual culture.


Volume 7 of the Mercer Commentary on the Bible is comprised of the book of Acts and thirteen Pauline writings, plus several appropriate articles from the Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. This convenient text is for the classroom and for anyone who wishes to focus on the study of Acts and the Pauline writings.Mercer University Press intends these texts to be available, appropriate, and helpful for Bible students both in and out of the classroom, and indeed for anyone seeking guidance in uncovering the abundant wealth of the Scriptures.


Abstract A Fabry–Perot laser diode coupled to a single-mode fiber Bragg grating has the ability to emit a single longitudinal mode. In this paper a wavelength selector source based on a mechanical fiber switch used to change the Bragg grating in front of the laser diode is investigated. The external laser wavelength is changed. Critical coupling exists between the two fiber ends of the switch, which leads to the creation of a parasitic cavity inside the laser cavity. The aim of this work is to optimize the coupling ends of a single-mode fiber switch with respect to coupling efficiency and afterward measure the laser output power variation and spectrum to check their optical feedback characteristics on the relative intensity noise. Typical emission performance is a power of −2.5 dBm with a SMSR of 43 dB and a RIN of −146 dB/Hz.


Two new species of the basal (non-glossatan) moth family Heterobathmiidae are described: Heterobathmia megadecella and H. nielsenella. Both species have particularly notable features in their female postabdomen: H. megadecella has adistinct sclerotization in the genital chamber and a somewhat elaborate sclerite complement on the otherwise membranousventer of the 'terminal unit' formed by segments IX–X(XI), and H. nielsenella has a remarkable forwards extension of thesclerotized upper surface of the 'subgenital plate' and a continuation of this extension into a sizable apodemal lamella.The description of these taxa in advance of a comprehensive taxonomic treatment of all presently available Heterobathmia (including a number of additional undescribed species) is prompted by the need for available names to be used in a morphological treatment of the heterobathmiid postabdomen now nearing completion.


Moro rail system for freight transportation of passengers and light weight provides a support structure having an essentially upper plane 12 and the head portion stabilizer guide rail 18 having a vertical web portion 22, for supporting the 24 do. The head portion 24 is the web portion 22, the conductor 76 along the upper flat surface 12 while transmitting the current through the collector fastened to the vehicle 30 to the vehicle 30, the vehicle (30 fastened to the ) to guide the. Stabilizer portion of the riser guide rail 18 may provide a simple, inexpensive device allows fluid to switch the vehicle 30 among the plurality of tracks. The system preferably operated in the same manner as various vehicle propulsion and suspension system including an electromechanical, maglev, or linear electric motors. In addition, the system can also be operated semi-maglev system and the vehicle is in part supported by the wheels and the magnetic levitation. Monorail systems, semi-maglev system, the linear electric motor, a head portion, the web portion


Nowadays, with the rapid information development, library is indispensable to the construction of the subject. However, under the condition of the limited funds, infinite demand and restricted copyright, there are serious problems in library construction, how to deal with the relations among funds demand and construction to ensure the construction of the subject is the most pressing task . So some viewpoints are dealt with about these problems in this article.


Objective To discuss the clinical nursing effect of disposable root canal treating acute pulpitis. Methods 232 patients with acute pulpitis were selected in our hospital from January 2011 to June 2011 and treated with disposable root canal.All patients were divided into the observation group(n =116) and the control group(n =116) according.Elaborate nursing measures before,during and after operation were conducted in the observation group while regular nursing measures were conducted in the control group.After treatment,patients were followed-up for 2 years,the nursing effect of the two groups was observed and recorded. Results Short-term effect:the total effective rate in the observation group was 97.41% and in the control group,it was 85.34%,and there was a statistical difference between the two groups(P0.05).No infection occurred in both groups.With regard to long-term effect,after 2 years follow-up,112 patients(96.55%) in the observation group were successfully treated,while 96 cases(82.76%) were successfully treated in the control group,and there was a statistical difference between the two groups(P0.05). Conclusion For treating acute pulpitis with disposable root canal,perfect nursing measures can remarkably improve patient′ s symptoms and successful rate.It is worthy of clinical promotion.


Web 2.0 has afforded a number of opportunities for foreign language learning due to its open, participatory and social nature. A crucial aspect is authenticity - both situational and interactional - since students become involved in meaningful tasks, interacting in the target language with an authentic audience. In this paper we will UHAHFWXSRQWKH�


The authors review patients with intracranial complications of chronic supurative otitis media. Attention is called to the permanent high incidence of these conditions stressing the need for early vigorous diagnosis and treatment.


This chapter reviews the mechanisms of temporal gene regulation utilized during the three main stages of the developmental cycle, as well as how transcription is silenced in elementary body (EB). It begins with midcycle because the majority of chlamydial genes are regulated during this stage of reticulate body (RB) growth and replication. The transcriptional regulation of midcycle genes, late genes, EBs, and early genes in sequence, mirroring the events that occur during replication, conversion of an RB into an EB, and then back again into an RB at the start of a new round of infection are discussed. Alternative sigma factors have important roles in the regulation of virulence gene expression in many bacteria. A study showed that a subset of early genes resemble midcycle genes in having promoters that are supercoiling responsive. There is emerging evidence that gene expression during the chlamydial developmental cycle is also regulated by small RNAs (sRNAs). Two complementary genome-wide studies have since identified many more sRNAs in C. trachomatis. Chlamydia spp. are likely to encode more sRNAs because neither study examined chlamydial RNA before 24 hpi, and both would therefore have missed sRNAs that are only present at earlier times.


The transition phase of InN from wurtzite (WZ) structure to rocksalt (RS) structure is investigated via the minimization of the total energy within Local Density Approximation (LDA) based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), the calculated equilibrium volume are in agreement with available experimental value and other calculated data. In the meantime, the thermodynamic properties of different phase under high temperature and high pressure are investigated applying nonempirical Debye model combining with the first principle theory in the quasi‐harmonic approximation. The transition phase from WZ structure to RS structure occurs at the pressure of 10.1 GPa, which agrees well with experimental value. The evaluated equilibrium volume using this model agrees with the value obtained from ab intio and from experiment. The results demonstrate that this method can provide reliable predictions for the temperature and pressure dependence of these quantities such as the equation of state (EOS), the isothermal bulk modulus, the heat capacity, and the thermal expansion in detail. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is an advanced CT scanning technique enabling material characterization not possible with conventional CT scans. It allows the reconstruction of energy decay curves at each 3D image voxel, representing varying image attenuation at different effective scanning energy levels. In this paper, we develop novel functional data analysis (FDA) techniques and adapt them to the analysis of DECT decay curves. More specifically, we construct functional mixture models that integrate spatial context in mixture weights, with mixture component densities being constructed upon the energy decay curves as functional observations. We design unsupervised clustering algorithms by developing dedicated expectation maximization (EM) algorithms for the maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters.To our knowledge, this is the first article to adapt statistical FDA tools and model-based clustering to take advantage of the full spectral information provided by DECT. We evaluate our methods on 91 head and neck cancer DECT scans. Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study with waiver of informed consent. We compare our unsupervised clustering results to tumor contours traced manually by radiologists, as well as to several baseline algorithms. Given the inter-rater variability even among experts at delineating head and neck tumors, and given the potential importance of tissue reactions surrounding the tumor itself, our proposed methodology has the potential to add value in downstream machine learning applications for clinical outcome prediction based on DECT data in head and neck cancer.


Using an in vitro assay for gastric intrinsic factor, it was shown that seventeen of twenty-three patients with treated and untreated tropical sprue have adequate intrinsic factor in their gastric juice.


The Philippines is both a biodiversity hotspot and a megadiverse country. The country also has experienced one of the highest rates of deforestation in Southeast Asia and is among the first countries to introduce a massive reforestation program to address the country's rapid biodiversity and forest loss. Drawing upon an empirical study from the Leyte island and other relevant case studies from the Philippines, in this chapter, we demonstrate that recovering secondary forests following shifting cultivation, locally known as kaingin have the high potentials for biodiversity and carbon co-benefits. Based on our empirical study, we also found that secondary forest regrowing after kaingin use can potentially be used as a cost-effective reforestation measure with multiple benefits to people and the environment in upland areas of the Philippines. We also discuss measures that are essential for such programs to be successful.


Multiview representation has become important due to its good performance for machine learning problems. In this paper, a multiview representation framework based on transfer learning is proposed for micro-expression recognition. The framework takes macro-expression as the auxiliary domain and micro-expression as the target domain, and assists the identification of micro-expressions by transferring the rich information extracted from the auxiliary domain, which effectively addresses the small sample problem of micro-expression recognition. The proposed algorithm mainly consists of three parts. Firstly, the features of the two domains are projected into a common space and the dictionaries of each domain are studied respectively. Then the dictionary of micro-expression domain is linearly reconstructed. Finally, in order to improve the comprehensive utilization of feature information, the most representative features from four different micro-expression feature sets are selected by multiview representation. The experiments and evaluation are carried out on three different databases, and the performance comparison of the proposed algorithm with other advanced methods are given. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has the better performance than other related methods.


This paper assesses the representation of Queen Balthild of Neustrian Francia in her seventh-century Vita as a new kind of saintly figure, a 'queen-saint' rather than as a traditional saint-queen. Balthild made herself unpopular among certain factions of the Frankish nobility during her son's minority by interfering in Church matters. In particular, she compelled bishops to grant episcopal exemptions to monasteries and promoted her own, unpopular, candidates to Neustrian dioceses, leading to her identification as a 'modern-day Jezebel' by her enemies, and her banishment to the monastic community at Chelles. Modern scholarship on Balthild, led by Lynda Coon, has assumed that Balthild's biographer was keen to erase from popular memory her actions as queen, actions which could be interpreted as inappropriate behaviour for a saint, and that the Life reflects this by emphasising Balthild's more stereotypical saintly behaviour as a nun once she had retired to Chelles. However, it will be argued that, rather than underlining her humility, the author of the Vita Balthildis was in fact keen to show that her interference in Church matters should be seen as contributing to her identification as a saint, by stressing that her autonomous and authoritative use of her power was actually a positive attribute.


Scientific literature has mostly focused on the analysis of climate change impacts on hydropower operations, underrating the consequences of energy policies, for example, increase in Variable Renewable Sources (VRSs) and CO2 emission permit price, on hydropower productivity and profitability. We contribute a modeling framework to assess the impacts of different climate change and energy policies on the operations of hydropower reservoir systems in the Alps. Our approach is characterized by the following: (i) the use of a physically explicit hydrological model to assess future water availability; (ii) the consideration of electricity price scenarios obtained from an electricity market model accounting for the future projected European energy strategies; and (iii) the use of optimization techniques to design hydropower system operations in response to the projected changes. Through the application to the Mattmark system, a snow‐ and ice‐dominated hydropower system in Switzerland, we demonstrate how the framework is effective in exploring the sensitivity of Alpine hydropower to changes in water availability and electricity price, in quantifying the uncertainties associated to these projections and in identifying the value of reoperation strategies. Results show that energy policies may have more significant impacts on hydropower operations than climate change and, as such, are worth considering in impact assessments studies. The reduction of water availability due to climate change is expected to induce a loss in electricity production down to −27% by 2050. Changes in electricity price, instead, may have up to 6 times stronger impact than climate change, leading to an increase in hydropower revenue up to about +181%.


Majakerta estuary and its surrounding waters have a high potential fishery resource which is commonly utilized by the community around the area. Fluctuation of physical and chemical parameters of the waters and fishery activities around the estuary can influence the existence of zooplankton. This study was conducted from December 2014 to May 2015. Samples of the zooplankton were collected monthly at four stations (consisted of sea, river and estuary areas). Based on the study, zooplankton in the Majakerta estuary and its surrounding waters consisted of six classes; i.e. Protozoa (11 genera), Crustaceae (4 genera, 1 nauplius stadia), and Rotifera (4 genera). A higher abundance was found at the sea (29025 ind./m), while a lower abundance was at the river and estuary (7147 ind./m dan 7582 ind./m). Based on the zooplankton diversity index, it can be inferred that the value was relatively low. There were two habitat groups, namely Station Group 1 (Station 1 and 2; river and estuary) and Station Group 2 (Station 3 and 4; sea) with influencing parameters such as transparency, pH, and salinity.


Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic farming is covered such as ① development of organic farming, ② organic farming organizations, ③ standards and certification, ④ implementation of EU council regulation, ⑤ state support, ⑥ implementation of Agenda 2000, ⑦ training and education, ⑧ advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by ① cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep??rooting crops in multi??annual rotation system, ② incorporation in the soil organic material, by??products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure;① choice of appropriate species and varieties, ② appropriate rotation programs, ③ mechanical cultivation, ④ protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, ⑤ diversified ecosystems, ⑥ flame weeding, ⑦ natural enemies, ⑧ bio??dynamic preparations, ⑨ mulching and mowing, ⑩ grazing of animals, ⑪ mechanical controls, ⑫ steam sterilization.


Beyond objectivism and relativism: Towards new foundations for historical Jesus studies In light of the contemporary epistemological discussion with regard to historical Jesus-studies and historiography in general, recent scholarship proposes that historical criticism and creativity should be combined to form a contemporary relevant picture of Jesus as historical figure. Some philosophical insights produced during the last century also suggest that western civilisation has become preoccupied with the essence of things and has forgotten that people are essentially ethical beings in need of wisdom. This tendency is also revealed in the recent preoccupation with the "truth" regarding Jesus' life. In this article these issues are elaborated upon in discussion with especially Heidegger, Bernstein and Gadamer. Eventually the insights gained by this discussion are illustrated with regard to historical Jesus studies.


When The Life Story of David Lloyd George (Maurice Elvey, 1918) was screened in 1996 it was greeted as a rediscovered masterpiece. Discovered in the house of Lloyd George's grandson, it was as if it had sprung from nowhere. But there was a precedent for this incipient biopic, a high-budget long feature which also juxtaposed mass scenes with an intimate focus on the private life of a famous political fi gure. This earlier fi lm played at the new picture palaces of 1913 and 1914 throughout the UK to packed audiences. It received substantial media acclaim. The epic portrayed the most revered 'star' of recent British history. Its subject was the life and times of the monarch who had presided over an age of imperial expansion, a reign associated with progress in science, education, industry and European diplomacy. The fi lm was Sixty Years a Queen (1913), alternatively titled The Life and Times of Queen Victoria . Its two producers were William George Barker, an experienced fi lmmaker and the owner-manager of a fl ourishing studio at Ealing, and George Berthold Samuelson, a successful fi lm agent and the driving force in bringing the royal story to the screen. Sixty Years a Queen has so far attracted only perfunctory comment in British fi lm histories so this essay will outline aspects of its production, exhibition, distribution and reception. Although the fi lm is lost, various primary materials survive including a single fragment (46 feet) of the early scenes of the fi lm held by the National Film and Television Archive (NFTVA), a book of the fi lm and a souvenir programme or press-book. The press-book contains a menu of scene headings, which list a chronological sequence from the death of William IV on 20 June 1837 to Victoria's death, divided into seven parts. The fi lm book contains fi fty-fi ve photographic illustrations described as 'taken from the cinematograph fi lm'. 1 These appear to be production stills, an inference supported by examining another fi lm book from the same series. The fi lm from this second


Aimed at the problems existed in current opening laboratory system are analyzed, and puts forward the improvement of the platform, design with learning resources, map navigation guide, wireless service platform and other functions, to achieve a unified platform, sharing interface, the introduction of wireless network technology network open system platform for experiments related to the teaching of teachers and students and provide more convenient.


The article analyzes the aspects of attraction of the image of Russia for Eurosceptic political forces. With the current precipitous deterioration of relations between Russia and the European Union and the upsurge in Brussel's accusations regarding Moscow's allegedly unfriendly policy, anti-European propaganda and sponsorship of Eurosceptics, it seems as ever timely to examine the real reasons for the growing leaning of the latter towards the Kremlin. The author proceeds from a theoretical premise that the main factors of Eurosceptics' turn to Moscow are their ideological proximity and common geopolitical interests. After analyzing political programs, documents, official speeches and media information, the author concludes that Brussel's accusations are unfounded and the EU makes use of its official position based upon them. According to the result of the research, the author concludes that the growing mutual interest of Eurosceptic political parties and the Kremlin is a consequence of a credibility gap in the EU rather than its motive.


Physic nut (Jatropha curcas) has been included by the Brazilian Biodiesel Program as an alternative plant to supply raw material for the production of biodiesel. The technological knowledge concerning this species is, nonetheless, very limited. This research work was carried out with the objective of evaluating biological and morphological aspects of P. torridus, one of the potential pests to physic nut. The insects, reared in laboratory (temperature of 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 62 ± 4%, and photoperiod of 12 hours), had the following biological parameters evaluated : number of times the females laid eggs ( 0 – 4 ), mean number of eggs per oviposition (59.2 ± 3.88), mean period of time for the hatching of the nymphs (9.3 ± 0.73 days), mean life cycle (from the egg to the adult) (63.4 ± 2.7 days ), mean longevity ( the female : 298.5 ± 31.79 days; the male : 321.4 ± 20.32 days). As to morphological aspects, the majority of the insects showed red spots (although yellow and orange were observed also to occur) on the pronotum and scutellum. In the pronotum, the number of spots was 8 and in the scutellum, 14 (a variation of 12 to 14). The maternal care and the behavior of the 1 rst and 2 nd instar nymphs were also observed. P. torridus is a long-lived insect with a considerably large progeny and these characteristics together with its having a polyphagous dietary habit, make it a potentially very harmful pest to physic nut crop. Additional keywords: biology; Euphorbiaceae; morphology; physic nut bug. Científica, Jaboticabal, v.40, n.2, p.156 – 163, 2012 ISSN: 1984-5529.


In May, 1968, the Department's Research and Development Section initiated a project to evaluate joint sealants being marketed for use on roads and bridges. In the study, representatives of 31 companies installed 46 products primarily on one road and one bridge for evaluation. Highway research engineers evaluated the materials' properties and the field performance of the joint sealants. The investigators concluded that: (1) transverse joints in roads and bridges can be effectively sealed through proper design, construction and selection of materials, (2) of the sealants tested neoprene compression seals performed best in the transverse pavement joints and in the bridge expansion joints, (3) three pourable sealants (two polyurethanes and the one polyvinyl chloride material) performed effectively in the field, (4) the asphalt-based sealants did not adequately seal joints that experienced movement, (5) many pourable sealants performed well in the laboratory but experienced mixing and application problems in the field, (6) lubricant adhesives enhanced the performance of neoprene compression seals, (7) the best approach to forming pavement joint reservoirs appears to be the removable or permanent inserts, (8) periodic cleaning and resealing of transverse contraction and expansion joints is both necessary and cost-effective.


Recent studies have shown that the Sharpe ratio and alpha for the momentum strategy can be increased, by scaling the momentum strategy, by the inverse of its historical volatility. However, we find that the higher Sharpe ratio and the alphas of the volatility scaled momentum strategy, in comparison to traditional momentum strategy, depends on the length of the investment horizon. Such that, the longer the investment horizon the better is the performance of the volatility scaled momentum strategy. It is further shown that the higher returns associated with volatility scaled strategies for different horizons have no risk-based explanation and instead linked with the variance of long side of scaled strategies. The main underpinning of these findings is the persistence in the volatility of momentum strategy and its negative predictive relationship with momentum returns that only exist when volatility of momentum strategy is higher.


Based on the characteristics of distribution hardness pollutants of shallow groundwater in Jiaozuo area,the correlations between the hardness of shallow groundwater and other chemical characteristics of shallow groundwater were analyzed. We studied the pollution mechanism of hardness of shallow groundwater in this area,used the Visual MODFLOW software to establish a model of water quality,and simulated and predicted the rule of migration of hardness in shallow groundwater. The results show that the main reason of hardness pollution of shallow groundwater in this area is industrial wastewater discharge and irrational utilization of shallow groundwater. These unreasonable production and development activities,on one hand,make more pollution into shallow groundwater,resulting in direct increase of hardness of groundwater. On the other hand,these reasonable activities make the chemical field and force field changed,causing the hardness of shallow groundwater increased indirectly. Simulation results show that the migration of hardness contaminant in shallow groundwater,from northwest to southeast just along the groundwater flow direction,is affected by hydrogeological conditions.


The number of engineering PhDs pursuing postdoctoral research scholar (postdoc) positions has steadily increased in the last 30 years. Postdoc positions are commonly thought of as a step toward academic careers. However, engineering PhDs are more likely to work in industry, which leaves open the question of the role of postdocs in the career trajectories of engineering PhDs.


Azimuth information based on the use of the frequency information of the observation of the target can be completed in the conditions of the boats are not motorized,under normal circumstances,the underwater target radiated noise there is more than one line spectrum frequency,based on a single array or array measuredgoal orientation and multi-line spectrum frequency information to establish the measurement equation for solving this non-linear problem,the use of an improved maximum likelihood estimation method to avoid larger residuals convergence shortcomings,the completion of the movement of the targetparameter estimation.Monte Carlo simulation shows that this algorithm than orientation-a single frequency algorithm converges faster and higher precision,better stability.Line spectra are generally in the low frequency band and high signal-to-noise ratio,the algorithm can be applied to long-distance underwater passive target motion parameter estimation.


The Lewis acid-promoted reaction of 3-alkyl-2,2-dialkoxycyclopropanecarboxylic esters 1d-h with aldehydes to give 2,3,4-trisubstituted γ-lactones was investigated. The diastereoselectivity of this reaction is highly dependent on the catalyst employed. Thus while the ZrCl 4 -promoted reaction gave (2α,3α,4β)-trisubstituted γ-lactones in good yields with excellent selectivity, the SnBr 4 -promoted reaction was moderately selective for (2α,3α,4α)-trisubstituted γ-lactones. The present reaction was applied to the synthesis of (+) 589 - and (-) 589 -dihydropertusaric acid (26). Comparison of the spectroscopic and physical data of synthetic 26 with those of a 4-alkyl-3-carboxy-2-methyl γ-lactone isolated from the lichen pertusaria albescens revealed that the relative stereochemistry of the natural γ-lactone was not (2β,3β,4α), but rather (2β,3α,4α); that is, the natural γ-lactone was not (-) 589 -dihydropertusaric acid (26), but (-) 589 -pertusarinic acid (27)


We develop a generalized theory for the scattering process produced by interface roughness on charge carriers and which is suitable for any semiconductor heterostructure. By exploiting our experimental insights into the three-dimensional atomic landscape obtained on Ge/GeSi heterointerfaces obtained by atom probe tomography, we have been able to define the full set of interface parameters relevant to the scattering potential, including both the in-plane and axial correlation inside real diffuse interfaces. Our experimental findings indicate a partial coherence of the interface roughness along the growth direction within the interfaces. We show that it is necessary to include this feature, previously neglected by theoretical models, when heterointerfaces characterized by finite interface widths are taken into consideration.


This paper compares accounts of Senecio's actions in Plutarch's Table Talk with the relation of Larensis' comportment in Athenaeus' Deipnosophists. The results of the examination suggest that the extent of self-awareness of both characters is what should be understood as the symbolic accommodation between Greek and Roman in the High Empire times.


[reaction: see text] A new curable arylamine containing a perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) structure without an acidic group was synthesized. The material was thermally cured on ITO after spin-coating. The polymer showed excellent solvent resistance, high thermal stability, high transparency, and good surface smoothness.


The new three-dimensional title open-framework zinc phosphate with 12-ring channels is solvothermally synthesized from Zn(OAc)2, H3PO3, and 4,4′-bipyridine using a mixture of MeOH and H2O as solvent (autoclave, 170 °C, 7 d).


The purpose of this research is to know whether the influential supervision against the spirit of employees of Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten East Kutai. To get the data the writer do the research on the results of the research shows that the supervisions influence of the spirit of employees in Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten East Kutai. This can be proved by the results of the data analysis rs count obtained is greater than the price table namely 0,770 > 0,456 on the level of trust 95 % for N = 14. Thus the hypothesis of this research can be accepted that the supervisions influence of the spirit of employees in Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten East Kutai.


With about 195 countries signing the Paris (climate) Agreement and world leaders uniting for the planet after the United States' notification to pull out of the agreement, many carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects are expected to be executed worldwide. Captured CO2 is not pure and may contain several impurities, which affect the flow dynamics of the CO2 fluid in pipelines. To design efficient CO2 pipeline transportation systems, it is imperative to understand the effect of these impurities on the flow behaviour. Aspen HYSYS (V10) and HydraFlash were used to study the behaviour of 90 mol % CO2 and 10 mol % single impurity (N2, CH4, H2, H2S, SO2, Ar, CO, NH3, O2 and H2O). The Peng-Robinson equation of state (EoS), which has the lowest average absolute deviation (AAD) among cubic EoS for predicting CO2 fluid properties, was used in Aspen HYSYS. Three different 50 km pipelines were simulated; one horizontal pipeline and two pipelines with +300 and -300 m in elevation between inlet and outlet respectively. The mass flow rate is 266,400 kg/h and the internal and external diameters of the pipelines are 0.289 m and 0.324 m respectively. All impurities changed the parameters of the flowing fluid. H2 impurity caused the most pressure loss for horizontal pipelines but may cause the least pressure loss for pipelines at high inclination angles. H2 and H2S formed the widest and narrowest two-phase regions, respectively. The results also show that H2 impurity resulted in the most heat loss while H2O and SO2 impurities had the lowest heat losses. Pipeline elevation change also affects the effect of each impurity on pressure changes. The difference in pressure drop between the impurity with the highest effect, H2, and that with the least effect, SO2, is 0.44 MPa for inclined pipelines, 0.77 MPa for horizontal pipelines and 1.44 MPa for declined pipelines. H2S had the mildest effect followed by NH3, H2O, SO2, CO, Ar, CH4, O2, N2 and H2.


The jewel orchids (Goodyerinae), named after their often colourful leaves, have a pantropical distribution with a clear Asian centre of diversity. However, the Nearctic and Neotropical America together form a second centre of diversity, with one-third of known species of Goodyerinae. Previously, only a few American samples have been included in phylogenetic studies, and their putatively Asian origins and American divergence times were poorly known. To elucidate these topics, we inferred phylogenetic trees, performed molecular dating and reconstructed biogeographic history using nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK sequences for 34 species of Goodyerinae from the New World and 76 previously published accessions of Cranichideae. Our well-supported phylogenetic topology suggests two independent dispersal events to the New World from the Indomalesian region during the Miocene. The first inferred dispersal of a Neotropical clade diverged c. 11 Mya from their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), comprising three highly supported subclades that do not match the limits of Aspidogyne, Kreodanthus and Microchilus as previously circumscribed. The second dispersal involved a largely Nearctic clade of Goodyera s.l. diverging c. 8.4 Mya from the MRCA and exhibiting a complex biogeographic history with subsequent dispersals between the Nearctic and Indomalesia. The occurrence of these species in gallery forests putatively prevented vicariance events imposed by the expansion of the Chacoan region as previously detected for epiphytic Orchidaceae. Eighty-nine nomenclatural combinations and three new names in Microchilus are proposed.


NAND flash memories have been used in many mobile consumer devices as storage media because they are small, fast, shock-resistant, and energy-efficient. However, the flash storage systems based on these flash devices need a special software layer, the FTL, to translate logical addresses from a host system to physical addresses in NAND flash memories. Recently, the flash storage systems in mobile devices tend to employ a page-level mapping scheme as they are required to yield higher access bandwidth. Unlike common SSDs, which often keep the majority of mapping information in fast but volatile DRAM, the flash storage systems in mobile consumer devices keep only a limited subset of mapping information in a small-sized SRAM due to the restrictions in size, cost, and power consumption. For this reason, many cache management schemes proposed for SSDs may not be suitable for the flash storage systems in mobile consumer devices, though most map cache management schemes used in mobile storage are basically designed for SSD. This paper proposes a novel cache management scheme targeting mobile consumer devices. The proposed scheme uses different management granularities in allocating and evacuating cache space. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme improves map cache performance by up to 36% compared to the existing cache management techniques.


The major difficulty in addressing risks at level crossings is the determination of how to achieve the optimal results with the available resources. A tool, which consistently assesses the characteristics at each level crossing, was required to effectively determine priorities when addressing safety risks at these sites. A project team was formed to establish such a tool, which has now undergone a variety of improvements to reach the stage it is at today. This paper has been prepared to demonstrate that the Australian Level Crossing Assessment Model (ALCAM) provides a safety assessment tool to be used to assist in the prioritisation of railway level crossings according to their comparative safety risk. It provides a rigorous defensible process to assist with decision making for road and pedestrian level crossings as well as a method to help determine the optimum safety improvements for individual sites. A total data management system is provided to allow for the effective management of ALCAM data as well as other important information (such as incident/accident history and digital photographs) which assists in the overall decision making process. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E216058.


linquent."1 Because of the comparatively small annual appropriation ? $1,500,000 ? there was perhaps some reason to question whether very much could be accomplished by this program. That is, would Child Welfare Services develop simply as a narrow highly specialized service affecting only a very small proportion of the children in the United States or would it become a broad educational force making significant contributions to the whole field of public welfare. An attempt has been made to evaluate the contribution made by this new method of helping children in three western states?Idaho, Nevada, and Utah. These particular states were selected because in none of them prior to the time of the beginning of federal Child Welfare Services was there a public state-wide children's program, apart from institutional care, and in only one of them (Idaho) had a state department of public welfare been created. This


The South American Global Geoscience Transect 7 is located in northern Argentina and traverses, from west to east, the Cordillera Frontal, Puna, Sierras de Famatina, Sierras Pampeanas, and Llanura Chaco Pampeana. Cenozoic stratovolcanoes that intrude Lower Paleozoic slates and Upper Paleozoic continental sedimentary rocks constitute the Cordillera Frontal. Upper Precambrian to lower Paleozoic metamorphie and sedimentary rocks intruded by Paleozoic granitoids comprise the Sierras de Famatina and Sierras Pampeanas. Restricted outcrops of Ordovician volcanic rock also appear in the Sierras de Famatina. Upper Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic continental deposits unconformably overlay the lower Paleozoic units. Tilted blocks bounded by lystric reverse faults that have formed in response to subduction of the Nazca plate constitute the main structure of the three ranges. Detailed studies of kinematic; markers from mylonitic belts within Paleozoic igneous and metamorphie basement indicate shortening and overthru...


Complex eco-floristic investigation of water vegetation of the artificial ponds in the park zones of Odessa city has not been conducted. Thus, the purpose of this work was determination of species diversity of macrophytes, their systematic structure and indicator role in four ponds in the park of the city. In sum, 21 species of macrophytes were identified, among them 15 species of macrophyte algae and 6 species of vascular water plants. The main part of the revealed species of macrophyte algae belongs to Chlorophyta (8) and Charophyta (4). Cyanoprocaryota were presented by 2 species, and Ochrophyta (Xanthophyceae) were presented by 1 species. 6 widely distributed species were revealed among higher water plants. Composition and distribution of macrophytes in the investigated ponds were influenced primarily by the level of water mineralization, eutrophication and heavy metals contamination. Elevated concentration of organic Carbon was registered in the ponds where waterfowl birds were presented together with water plants. The biggest floristic diversity of macrophytes is registered in the upper pond of the Dyukovsky Park (17 species). It is one of the largest artificial ponds of the city. The characteristic feature of the pond's vegetation is the presence of an extensive field of Charophyta with a monodominant Chara vulgaris. The presence of the Charophyta is the evidence of the relative ecologic well-being of the investigated pond. Charophyta, as well as the other algae, are obviously the main providers of organic Carbon in the pond (Corg.=1.38%). By the quantity of macrophytes species (10) the lower pond of the Dyukovsky Park is on the second place. The content of organic Carbon is the highest in this pond (Corg.=4.48%). Except for the water vegetation, a considerable contribution in this parameter is obviously made by the decorative ducks which are kept in the fenced off with a net part of the pond by the bank restaurant. The minimum number of species of algae and higher water plants is registered in the Savitsky Park (5) and the Victory Park (6). In the Savitsky Park the excessive biogenic substances cause massive development of meso-eutrophic species of macrophytes – Lemna minor which covers almost the entire surface of the pond and creates adverse light regime for the development of algae. In the water column only sparse specimens of green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Brebisson and Desmidium sp. were registered. Among the bank of the pond intermitted thicket of Typha angustifolia and Persicaria hydropiper is located. Macrophytes are the primary producers of organic substances here (Corg.=1.94%). Indicator species of algae and higher water plants in the investigated ponds were presented mostly by β-mesosaprobic group. It is the evidence of the medium level of their organic contamination.


We present an active object recognition strategy which combines the use of an attention mechanism for focusing the search for a 3-D object in a 2-D image, with a viewpoint control strategy for disambiguating recovered object features. The attention mechanism consists of a probabilistic search through a hierarchy of predicted feature observations, taking objects into a set of regions classified according to the shapes of their bounding contours. If the features recovered during the attention phase do not provide a unique mapping to the 3-D object being searched, the probabilistic feature hierarchy can be used to guide the camera to a new viewpoint from where the object can be disambiguated.


This paper considers an aluminum line in a multilevel interconnect structure. Upon cooling from the processing temperature, differential thermal contraction causes a triaxial tensile stress state in the aluminum line; voids may initiate and grow to relax the stress. When a direct voltage is applied, the electric current causes aluminum atoms to diffuse. The interconnect will evolve to a state with a high pressure at the anode, and a large void at the cathode. The pressure may crack the surrounding insulator or debond an interface, extruding aluminum. The void may uncover the via contact area, substantially increasing electrical resistance. Provided neither failure mode occurs, aluminum electromigration will stop and the interconnect will function forever. This paper examines the conditions under which the interconnect is immortal.


An implementation of ISO 15926-8 compliant Installation Descriptions must comply with a set of quality criteria to verify typing, literals, subclasses, part 8 adherence and be a conservative extension of ISO 15926-8. The first criteria can be checked with a combination of SPARQL and DL queries together with an Integrity Constraints Validator. A typical implementation was found to be a model conservative extension of ISO 15926-8, and limiting the allowed axioms is sufficient to ensure a model conservative extension. An extended model conservative extension with stricter requirements was found to limit concept unsatisfiability. Martin Giese is the supervisor for this thesis.


Pain management is a problem for patients, practitioners, pharmacists, and others. Many patients are not getting the care and relief they deserve, even when they suffer from acute or chronic pain. In this blog post, Srinivas Nalamachu, MD asks if its possible to balance patient access to pain medication with safety and economic value.


EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SPINAL CORD INJURY IN THAILAND There are few epidemiologic studies of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Thailand, predominantly coming from the ChiangMai province, as no national data for the whole country exist. Most studies that have been done come from university hospitals with rehabilitation wards. This report is mainly based on studies done at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, a tertiary/advanced level and university hospital with a dedicated rehabilitation ward for SCI. Over the past 30 years, most SCI cases in the northern region were referred to this hospital for treatment and rehabilitation. According to a 5-year study (1977–1981) of patients with spinal injuries admitted, 48% of 577 patients had SCI. During 1985–1991, there were 398 new patients with SCI admitted, and when counting only those living in Chiang Mai, the incidence of SCI was approximately 23 cases per million per year. According to a 6-month survey of road traffic accidents done by the National Rehabilitation Center in 2006 to study the incidence of disability and impact of these collisions, data were collected from 8 of 28 trauma centers operated by the Ministry of Public Health. When extracting data from this survey, there were 9,737 victims with major injuries. Of these, 82% used a motorcycle, 32% drank alcohol before the collision, and 3.2% became disabled. Among thosewith disabilities, 10.4% had SCI (tetra-AB, 26%; tetra-CD, 55%; para-AB, 12%; and para-CD, 7%). From these data, 0.3% of major injuries or 3 of 1,000 severely injured road traffic accident victims had SCI. In addition, the economic loss of more than 2.6 million baht per case with disability was reported. When comparing data between 2 previous studies (1977– 1981 and 1985–1991), causes of SCI have changed: falling from height, the main cause 30 years ago, declined from 42.8% to 33%, whereas the prevalence of road traffic accidents increased from 28.4% to 47%. Among road traffic accidents, 54% were collisions involving motor cycles. In addition, later data in 2006 indicate that 67.5% of new patients with SCI were caused by road traffic accidents. Two studies from Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok showed that the prevalence of road traffic accidents increased from 50.7% of SCI causes in 1989–1994 to 74.8% in 1997–2000. Clearly, road traffic accident–related injury is a major cause of SCI in Bangkok.


Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of duplex process prenatal screening in detecting the fetus's chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defect of midterm pregnancy.Methods 30 476 women with 14-20 weeks pregnancy were tested for the concentrations of serum AFP and free-β HCG in Zhoushan islands.The risk was estimated by Multicalc software.Prenatal genetic diagnosis was applied to high-risk pregnant women and followed up visits were completed for all the participants.Results 1 130(3.71%) pregnant women were considered with the high-risks of chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defect.13 chromosomal abnormalities and 44 neural tube defect fetuses were confirmed with prenatal genetic diagnosis among the 1 130 high risk pregnant women while only 4 chromosomal abnormalities and 1 neural tube defect fetuses were found in the 29 346 low-risk women(P0.05).Conclusion Duplex process prenatal screening is helpful in detecting chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defect in midterm pregnancies.


• Crop straw returning has become a prevailing cultivation practice in the NCP. • Straw returning reduced N2O emission under high soil moisture during the


The design of the "two-way ID authentication and hardware encryption-based secure mobile hard disk" adopts the smart card-based technology of two way ID authentication, thus enables higher authentication strength than ordinary password authentication and USB-KEY one way certification; adoption of dedicated hardware encryption chip on encrypting the hard disk data enhances the encryption speed; since this encryption is a hardware level encryption, it is completely transparent to users, and do not rely on the operating system or other applications, with almost no impact on system performance; that the key of the encryption system will be loaded before the system initialization (system boot) prevents malicious code attacks from hard drive, and even when the mobile hard disk was stolen, the thief cannot read out any encrypted data from it on any other computer as long as the thief has no access to the encryption key. Therefore, this "encrypted mobile hard disk" is more secure with better reading and writing performance, and thus can effectively protect sensitive data on the mobile hard disk.


This article explores some implications of the increasing reliance on clinical trials in contemporary health care, particularly health care payers' efforts to use them in the so-called fourth hurdle decisions. How do these agencies manage medical uncertainty given the desire to produce clear guidelines for clinicians? Their solutions take account of trials in at least two ways, reflecting broader debates about the meaning of these medical experiments. Trials can be read as either ''proofs of protocol''—straightforward guides to action with individual drugs in specific populations—or ''proofs of principle''— where extrapolation is made possible through an appeal to underlying biological mechanisms. These contrasting readings of trials are illustrated with reference to guidelines on heart disease prevention/cholesterol reduction using statins among the elderly in North America and the United Kingdom. Uncertainty in these cases does not lead to inertia but solutions use different fixed points to aid navigation, including both physiological principles and moral values.


In their contribution, Maja Apelt and Jana Hunnius ask how the physical proximity of organizations in a network impacts the creation of organizational boundaries. They assume that against a background of shared experiences, members of organizations can develop a community and cooperate on a basis of trust, but that this is not tantamount to organizational boundaries becoming permeable. Here, Apelt and Hunnius draw on Lefebvre's (2006) concept of space and adapt this to the practice of organizations by drawing a distinction between three dimensions of spatial practice: spatial practice in the narrow sense, in other words, how the organizations structure the space; organizational practice or, in other words, which formal and informal structures they establish; and representative practice, that is, how they speak about space, legitimize their actions, and thus give them meaning. Empirically, the chapter is based on case studies at two German airports. Using the evidence provided by these studies, Apelt and Hunnius are able to show that the organizations develop different practices. While at one of the airports the community is strengthened, but the organizational boundaries are protected at the same time, the other airport establishes cooperative structures through which the organizational boundaries are weakened. The airport community plays a less important role here.


The diverse bee genus Psaenythia Gerstaecker (Panurginae: Protandrenini), hitherto known from central and southern South America, is recorded from northern South America for the first time. Two new species are described: Psaenythia diceratops, sp. n., from northeastern
 Colombia, and P. guaricoensis, sp. n., from central Venezuela. The males of P. diceratops are noteworthy for possessing prominent apicolateral clypeal horns, elongate scythe-like mandibles, and displaying macrocephaly with strong dimorphism.


3-D numerical simulation was made using the general aerodynamic program GAP10 developed by authors to analyze the flow fields of the reaction turbine rotor blade row with seals, focusing on the internal flow structure inside seals.


A novel dehydration method for preparing rare-earth ions-doped fluorophosphate glasses was presented using raw materials soaking and rapid heating process, and a series of water-free Yb3+-doped fluorophosphate glasses (FPC) were obtained. In contrast with other dehydration methods, we found that the Yb3+-doped FPC has wide transmission range and long fluorescence lifetime. The hydroxyl groups (-OH) absorption was barely observed in the range 260–3750 nm, and the UV absorption cut-off wavelength was blue shifted by 100 nm. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum value of emission cross section and the fluorescence lifetime of FPC reached 0.82 pm2 and 2.67 ms, respectively. These excellent optical properties implied a potential application of the FPC glass in multicomponent glass fibers, IR lasers, and optical amplifiers.


had gone dark and that he was unable to see. He had severely restricted peripheral fields, pupils which reacted poorly to light but normal fundi. The transurethral resection syndrome was suspected and blood immediately sent for biochemical analysis. Treatment consisted of diuretic therapy and intravenous infusion of compound sodium lactate to which he responded by passing large volumes of blood-stained urine. His vision began to return 4 hours later and recovery was complete by the evening of operation. Serum biochemistry and haematology revealed hyponatraemia and anaemia which eventually required transfusion of two units of blood. Table 1 shows the result. The patient had no recollection of the day of operation when he was asked two days later. This case demonstrates a very strong association between opening of venous sinuses with entry of glycine irrigation fluid and visual disturbance. The rapid response to diuretic therapy supports a diagnosis of oedema of the visual cortex or even optic nerve rather than a toxic effect of glycine.


The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1,2-isothiazolin-2-one and their salts. The method comprising: heating the sodium sulfide hydrate with N- methyl-2-pyrrolidone, sodium sulfide hydrate at least partially dehydrated; 2- chlorobenzamide added to the resulting mixture, and further heated; The resulting mixture was cooled and aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The method to obtain good yields of 1,2-isothiazolin-2-one sodium salt. If necessary, it can be obtained by acidifying the free 1,2-isothiazolin-2-one.


According to Kant, inner and outer sense have different forms. Whereas space is the form of outer sense, time is the form of inner sense. e fact that objects of outer intuition are subject to the form of outer sense explains why these objects are spatial objects that are located in space. Likewise, the fact that objects of inner intuition are subject to the form of inner sense explains why these objects are temporal objects that are located in time. Although inner and outer sense would seem to be symmetrical in this regard, Kant claims that there is an important asymmetry between them. Whereas space is restricted merely to outer appearances, time is meant to be the formal condition of all appearances (cf. A/B). Justifying this asymmetry and explaining how outer objects end up in time is, however, a rather difficult matter. is is because it would seem to follow from the fact that time is the form of inner sense that it is only applicable to inner but not to outer objects. After all, the form of a particular sense would seem to only condition those objects that pertain to the sense in question. Accordingly, it is not at all straightforward to explain how objects of outer sense can be in time. How then does time apply to outer objects? On what grounds do outer objects count as temporal entities? Kant provides an argument in § of the Transcendental Aesthetic that is meant to explain why time is the condition of all appearances, both inner and outer (also cf. A-, :, R as well as :):


Incorporating insights from behavioral economics into standard political economy models explains certain puzzling features of trade policy. In particular, we use the lobbying framework of Grossman and Helpman (1994) and assume that agents' welfare functions exhibit loss aversion and reference dependence. The policy implications of the augmented model differ in three important ways. One, there is a region of compensating protec tion, where a decline in the world price leads to an offsetting increase in protecti on, such that a constant domestic price is maintained. Two, protection following a single negative price shock will be persistent. Three, even if all sector s lobby for protection, there will still be a deviation from free trade in equilibrium. This augmented model is more consistent with the structure of protec tion, and to show that, we present a case study of U.S. protection in the steel industry.


Joshua Britt - Shedder's Corner
Barbara York - Sonata for Tuba and Piano "Shamanic Journey" Mvt I - The Guide Calls
 Mvt II - Tumultuous Journey
 Mvt III - The Other Shore
Robert Ronnes - Trio Concertante Mvt I - With Energy Mvt III - The Lonely Ballerina Mvt IV - Cadenza and Finale
Daniel Baldwin - Rhapsody
Anthony Plog - Three Miniatures No. 1 - Allegro vivace No. 2 - Freely No. 3 - Allegro vivace


When a teacher focuses on creating a caring community in the classroom he or she is not just providing the optimal context for character development. The processes involved in creating a caring community require far more than that the teacher be fair and caring, it requires teaching children the skills and attitudes they need to be fair and caring, and seeing to it that everyone in the community lives by these values. This article outlines the many skills and understandings that preservice teachers need in order to create caring classroom communities and the supportive conditions they need, both as student teachers and as teachers, if they are to succeed in making a positive contribution to the character development of their students.


between CA-19-9 concentrations in blood and whether or not patients were taking supplements. Thus, cystic fibrosis is one of the first benign diseases shown to be associated with high CA-19-9 concentrations in blood. The origin of CA-19-9 in these patients instill unknown. it is unlikely to be derived from the pancreas because patients with pancreatitis reportedly have low concentrations of this antigen in their serum (2,3). It may, however, be a specific mucin produced by cystic fibrosis patients. If so, a study on its mechanism of production might provide an insight into the etiology of cystic fibrosis. Finally, measurement of CA-19-9 in blood could be an adjuvant diagnostic aid in cystic fibrosis.


Method and system for identifying problems grounding in a grid. A system and method for detecting and evaluating misconnections grounding / earthed, in an electrical network are disclosed. An exemplary method is to detect improper grounding in a grid with a plurality of monitoring devices coupled to a grounded conductor and one ground. Since the plurality of data monitoring the voltage between the grounded conductor and grounding are received. The spatial orientation of the data from the plurality of monitoring devices, is determined within a hierarchy of the grid. voltage data received are compared to determine a connection (or lack thereof) between the grounded conductor and the grounding.


A portable smell-seeing electronic nose (e-nose) device based on webcam and white LEDs was designed. The time stability and spatial uniformity errors of the device in color measuring was processed. Six kinds of sensitive materials, including porphyrins and phthalocyanines with typical central ions and functional groups, were selected to fabricate the odor sensitive arrays and their principles of color change upon interaction with odors were analyzed. The odor recognition capability of the e-nose was then tested by six volatile organic amines and the results showed that the designed smell-seeing electronic nose was capable of not only discriminating all the vapors correctly but also clustering those analytes with similar molecular structures and electronic properties.


Purpose: The surgical correction of FAI deformity is a well accepted treatment in patients presenting with hip pain with associated labral-chondral damage. The anterior approach with assisted hip arthroscopy provides access to the anterior head-neck junction with potentially quicker recovery for patients. The purpose of this study is to present the safety and efficacy of this approach in performing impingement surgery. Method: Forty-eight Hueter procedures were performed in 45 patients (13 males and 32 females). Mean age was 42.09 years (range, 21–65 years), and mean BMI was 24.31(range, 21–33). The scope was performed first to deal with intra-articular damage. All patients were diagnosed with CAM type FAI with labral pathology based on MRI arthrogram with an alpha angle > 50.5 degrees. Results: At a mean follow-up of 21.8 months (range 12–30 months), Harris Hip scores improved from 64.66 (range, 42.0–93.0) to 79.97 (range, 47.0–96.0). There were 5 re-operations at a mean time of 15.2 months (range, 4–22). One had a repeat hip scope for intra-articular adhesions, and another for recurrent traumatic tear of the labrum. Three cases with residual hip dysplasia had corrective surgery with a peri-acetabular osteotomy at an average of 16.67 months (range, 15–18 months). Conclusion: Overall, we have found this to be a reliable, safe and reproducible approach to the treatment of FAI. This is a day care procedure as compared to the classic open procedure. Uncorrected hip dysplasia in the presence of a CAM deformity is a risk factor for early failure.


According to the field survey of Xiko village, Yuqian town, the paper analyzed the situation of natural, social and economic development under the construction of ecological environment and summarized the advantage and problem of the country ecological civilization construction and presented the planning scenario of ecological village construction of Xiko village. The new village of economically high development and harmonious relation of man and nature has been constructed by the hard work in order to realize the goal of economic and social development.


Combining with self working practice,it describes the significance of building construction field management,analyzes various security problems and quality problems in current construction management process.Starting form aspects of personnel,system,security,and construction technology and so on,it proposes specific measures for strengthening construction field management.


Aiming to the unreasonable price making in our national medical liability insurance, the article discusses on the price making mechanism of the medical liability insurance products from two expects: avail theory price making strategy and Bayesian risk estimation, thereby, it gives numeral and rational reference for medical liability insurance. The purpose is enhancing more reasonable of the price making mechanism in medical liability insurance market, and promoting the cooperated beneficial cycle between medical organization and insurance company.


The purposes of this study were to assess variation of body sway prior to and after submaximal treadmill exercise; to determine the time course of the effects of a fatiguing performed on a treadmill on body sway; and to compare position sense prior to and after exercise in order to assess any variance in proprioception caused by submaximal treadmill exercise. The subjects were twenty-four healthy men in their twenties. They stood barefoot on the Kinesthetic Ability Training Balance Platform to measure body sway. Control trials were performed with eyes alternately open and closed. In the eyes open condition, they were asked to look at a target placed at eye level 1 m in front them. A total of 10 trials, each lasting 20 seconds, were performed. After this series of trials, position sense was measured. Subjects then exercised on the treadmill until 85% of each person's maximal heart rate was reached. The first series of postural sway measurements began immediately after this exercise. The second identical series of postural sway trials was performed at approximately 10 minutes after exercise. The third series was performed approximately 20 minutes after exercise. This allowed approximately 5 minutes of rest between each experimental series. Position sense was measured at approximately 15 and 25 minutes after exercise. The results were as follows: 1) There was a significant increase in body sway after submaximal treadmill exercise compared to pre-exercise values under both visual conditions (p.05). These results suggest that fatigue induced by submaximal treadmill exercise produced an increase in body sway in young healthy subjects with or without visual input, but the increase appeared to be lasting less than 15 minutes. No significant change in position sense suggested that proprioception was unaffected by submaximal treadmill exercise-induced fatigue.


Ultrafine silicon quantum wires with high‐quality Si/SiO2 heterointerfaces are successfully fabricated by utilizing anisotropic wet chemical etching and subsequent thermal oxidation. It is also found that the lateral dimensions of silicon quantum wires can be well controlled by selecting the temperature of the thermal oxidation process. The cross‐sectional image from a scanning electron microscope shows silicon quantum wires of high quality with the linewidth down to 20 nm.


The acrylate copolymers with core-shell structure were synthesized by seeded emulsion co-polymerization. Butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate were used as comonomers of ACR core, styrene and methyl methacrylate utilized as comonomers of ACR shell with butanediol diacrylate as crosslinking agent. The size and distribution of latex particles were determined by dynamic laser scattering. ACR′s glass-transtition temperature and the morphological structure of latex particles were investigated through DSC and TEM, respectively. The results indicate that there are three glass-transtition temperatures in ACR corresponding to glass-transtition of core, transition layer, shell, respectively. The latex particles have regular core-shell structure obviously. When styrene content of shell in ACR is bigger than 70 percent of shell by mass, the latex particles have irregular core-shell morphological structure as sandwich.


What happens when international courts (ICs) are asked to adjudicate highly divisive or polarizing social or political issues? What are the consequences for the courts themselves, for the law in question, and for politics and society when highly contentious issues are brought before the international bar? ICs can become involved in polarizing domestic issues that are governed by international law, such as the rights of migrants, minorities, or religious groups. And they can become embroiled in high-stakes international disputes, such as conflicts over territory, over the use of military or economic coercion, or disagreements about property and money owed. This special issue investigates these high stakes cases under the heading of the international adjudication of mega-politics. Ran Hirschl coined the term "megapolitics" to describe "matters of outright and utmost political significance that often divide whole polities." The definitional focus on polities distinguishes mega-politics from the international relations category of high politics, the latter being typically seen as national-interest and security related issues of concern to governments, political leaders, and militaries, but not necessarily the polity more broadly. Whereas Hirschl saw "mega-politics" cases as those where courts, both national and international, spoke to fundamental questions that defined the identity of a polity, we broaden the concept. In our definition, judicialized megapolitics applies whenever ICs are adjudicating legal issues that divide domestic societies or inter-state relations such that one would anticipate that, whatever the outcome, important and sizable social or political groups will end up greatly upset. We include issues not only related to the identity of a polity, as in Hirschl's definition, but also other social, economic, and political conflicts that create cleavages at the national and international levels across or between societies.


NMR experiments in solid caesium perbromate have recently been performed at magnetic fields of 1.88 T and 7.04 T together with spectral simulations for 79Br, 81Br and 133Cs in solid caesium perbromate. The line shapes are dominated by quadrupole effects. For bromine the quadrupole asymmetry parameter [η] is observed to be zero at all temperatures while the quadrupole coupling constant (CQ) as a function of temperature shows two approximately linear regions on either side of a non-linear region between 200 K and 260 K where an extended orientational phase transition occurs. 133Cs shows an increase of CQ and a decrease of η with increasing temperature. This behaviour may be associated with an anisotropic change of the "a" lattice parameter.


Studies of the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction often rely on L1 observations that are propagated toward the Earth. The propagation techniques are based on an assumption of a negligible evolution of upstream parameters along the solar wind path. This study uses multi-point observations in the solar wind with the motivation to check this assumption. The data measured in the L1 point by ACE are propagated and compared with observations of the THEMIS spacecraft orbiting in the near-Earth space. A special attention is paid to the region in front of the Earth's bow shock (foreshock) because reflected and accelerated particles not only excite the waves of large amplitudes but they can modify mean values of quantities measured in an un-perturbed solar wind.


Linseed oil is very important in industry but its use is limited due to noxious vapors produced by oxidation on exposure to air. Since some of the products are toxic, release of linseed oil vapors to the environment is normally prohibited. In order to remove the odorous compounds, a biofilter system based on bacterial metabolism was designed and the major premises of bioremediation were studied. A total of five bacterial strains capable of using linseed oil vapors as their sources of carbon and energy were isolated from soil. The individual organisms were also mixed to form a bacterial consortium. The mixed population was able to degrade linseed oil vapors with more than 99 per cent efficiency. According to this research, a successful biodegradation system was designed and, theoretically, this system could be applied to the removal of linseed oil vapors in any industrial plant air stream.


The computational fluid dynamics principle can be used to simulate and forecast centrifugal pump performance.Adopting three-dimensional space without the use of grid and SIMPLEC algorithms,this paper simulates the inner flow field of centrifugal pump and analyzes its phenomena and laws,based on 3D reynolds-averaged navier-stokes equations,standard k-e turbulence model,and multi-reference frame(MRF).The result shows this method has a high precision,and provides theoretical foundation for optimizing centrifugal pump structure and forecasting centrifugal pump performance.


In the backdropof rejuvenating the country through Science Education and leading it to an innovation- oriented power,CAS together with universities started a new round of vision-breeding of Science Education and Cooperative Education. Despites some achievements in this field,there are some defects hold up in the wayincluding insufficient scale,lack of uniform guidance and special funds,misgiving in cooperation,illiberality in critical resources,existence of post- opportunism; the inclination of instrumentalism and utilitarianism and lag of the united- training of graduates. All of these entailan Arbitration Commission,a renewed school- running rational,set up a special council of Science Education,improve the relevant system and policy system.


The article is devoted to the qualitative study of the eyewitness accounts of the meteorite fall in Chelyabinsk. On the basis of the frame analysis of 40 narratives obtained on the day of the incident, a pattern is built of interpretations and the connotations of an a-typical event in everyday life, recorded and summarizes are the ways of understanding the precarious situation from the standpoint of subjective-emotional perception of its narrators.


This thesis entitled ""Conflictos juridicos que se originan por la falta de delimitacion en la ley de inquilinato del monto del canon de arrendamiento mensual." Is framed according to the required institutional guidelines.
Why to begin addressing the problem thought advisable to publish the conceptualizations of topics such as: the lease, classification, requirements, elements and ways to celebrate a lease, according to these Tenancy Act, the Civil Code, as well as the definitions that some writers have about equally definitions of the rental fee, city limits and just price is found.
Then I make a historical review of this law starting from its origins and its evolution over time, up to now, to continue with a critical analysis of legal and doctrinal articles covered by the RTA.
With the aim of knowing what is happening elsewhere in this issue I conducted an analysis and comparison of the laws of other countries such as Venezuela, Colombia, Honduras and Spain.
Materials and methods used to perform this research, population and sample the selection of respondents described later to proceed to issue the results of surveys, like the opinions of the respondents, as they conducted five interviews with lawyers, both surveys and interviews with their respective analysis.
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It continues with the verification of objectives, which by the way everyone was checked, as was proven the hypothesis which turned out to be positive, and finally a legal analysis of the items considered obsolete is to issue the merits of proposal amendments to the Tenancy Act.
Finally conclusions and recommendations are made, all based on the results of field research, culminating giving legal reform proposal that the law in question both need


We analytically investigate the condition of passive self-similar propagation for parabolic pulse. Based on the derived condition, a dispersion and nonlinearity jointly engineered silicon waveguide taper for the parabolic similariton propagation is designed and analyzed.