In this paper, a distributed cooperative control scheme, considering the state-of-charge balance and power limits of battery-storage units (BSUs) in the consensus protocol, is proposed to achieve the average bus voltage consensus in a dc microgrid with photovoltaics. The state variable defined in the consensus protocol enables all BSUs to charge or discharge together without introducing circulating currents among BSUs. Furthermore, by incorporating power limits of BSUs in the defined state variable, power violation of the BSUs can be prevented. The consensus-based distributed control only utilizes neighbor-to-neighbor communication to realize the global consensus, and, thus, avoids the single point of the failure compared to the conventional centralized control. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in an islanded dc microgrid under different testing scenarios.


For shoot induction and plant regeneration in bean we used MS media+BA and NAA. Multiple shoot induction was obtained in case of P. vulgaris cv. Fônix and Maxidor. The efficiency of regeneration from intact seedling (IS) and cotyledonary node (CN) explants was compared. The optimum treatment for the induction of multiple shoot formation was the culturing of (IS) on MS-based media+BA and NAA. Multiple shoot induction on dry bean (CN) cultured on full MS medium+1mg/l BA and 0.1mg/l NAA was feasible. Shoots that were 2cm in length or longer and having 2 trifoliate leaves were responsible for rooting ability, and root development. The method can be applied in transformation experiments. Acta Biol Szeged 46(3-4):27-28 (2002)


Abstract This study experimentally investigates whether shareholders correctly anticipate the incentive effects of increasingly complex compensation packages given to managers, and whether potential biases in individual shareholder beliefs carry over to price and volume effects in a stock market. In the experiment, a manager makes a decision about the stochastic dividend process generating the firm's fundamental value, and shareholders make estimations about fundamental value and trade shares in a stock market. The manager's action is either known or hidden and, nested in the hidden-action condition, compensation is either simple or complex. We hypothesise that hidden action gives rise to perceived behavioural uncertainty, and that this uncertainty has valuation relevance in that it affects both individual estimations of fundamental firm value and stock prices. Furthermore, we hypothesise that perceived behavioural uncertainty increases with the complexity of compensation, and that compensation complexity also affects trading volume. We find supporting evidence for our conjectures. Both estimations and market prices are biased when the manager's action is hidden, and biases are stronger when compensation is complex. We further find that trading volume decreases when compensation is complex, even though the heterogeneity of investors' individual beliefs increases.


We choose to integrate formalism for knowledge representation with formalism for process representation as a way to specify and regulate the overall activity of a multi cellular agent. The result of this approach is XP/sub i/N, another formalism, wherein a distributed system can be modeled as a collection of interrelated sub nets sharing a common explicit control structure. Each sub net represents a system of asynchronous concurrent threads modeled by a set of transitions. XP/sub i/N combines local state and control with interaction and hierarchy to achieve a high level abstraction and to model the complex relationships between all the components of a distributed system. Viewed as a tool, XP/sub i/N provides a carefully devised conflict resolution strategy that intentionally mimics the genetic regulatory mechanism used in an organic cell to select the next genes to process.


The Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of the most valuable crops in Iran. The present study was conducted in The rabor agriculture research station (RARS) in Kerman province to investigate 21 important pomological and phenological variables among 37 walnut native genotypes and commercial cultivars in the year 2020. In general, results showed that walnuts from RARS were phenotypically diverse with the significant variation found across most traits examined. The highest and lowest coefficient of variation (CV) was for kernel percentage (CV= 29.48%), and time of male flowering (CV= 14.77%), respectively. Results also showed a strong positive correlation between nut weight and kernel weight (r= 0.727). The date of nut maturity had the lowest correlation with kernel intensity of  the ground color (r= -0.476). Principal component analysis of variables revealed that the first eight principal components (PCs) accounted for 79.43% of the total variation. Cluster analysis based on variables produced a dendrogram with five main clusters. The grouping of genotypes was not following their geographical origin. This study revealed the presence of high phenotypic diversity in the walnut genotypes of Rabor Agricultural Research Station (RARS), supporting their breeding value for possible use in the future.


We have performed a femtosecond pump-probe and nanosecond flash-photolysis measurements on a new type of pho-tochromic molecules. These photochromes incorporate an indolo[2,1-b ][1,3]benzoxazine ring system which opens upon UV light excitation and closes back within a few tens of ns. The details of ring opening and spectral properties of the photoproducts have been studied by investigating the spectral signatures of the model compounds representing separate structural parts of the photochromic switch. Comparison of the photoinduced dynamics of the model compounds and those of photochromic molecule has revealed a detailed molecular picture of the light-driven switch function.


Author(s): Shi, S; Dursch, TJ; Blake, C; Mukundan, R; Borup, RL; Weber, AZ; Kusoglu, A | Abstract: © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 570-581. Perfluorosulfonic-acid (PFSA) membranes are widely used as the solid electrolyte in electrochemical devices where their main functionalities are ion (proton) conduction and gas separation in a thermomechanically stable matrix. Due to prolonged operational requirements in these devices, PFSA membranes' properties change with time due to hygrothermal aging. This paper studies the evolution of PFSA structure/property relationship changes during hygrothermal aging, including chemical changes leading to changes in ion-exchange capacity (IEC), nanostructure, water-uptake behavior, conductivity, and mechanical properties. Our findings demonstrate that with hygrothermal aging, the storage modulus increases, while IEC and water content decrease, consistent with the changes in nanostructure, that is, water- and crystalline-domain spacings inferred from small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) experiments. In addition, the impact of aging is found to depend on the membrane's thermal prehistory and post-treatments, although universal correlations exist between nanostructural changes and water uptake. The findings have impact on understanding lifetime, durability, and use of these and related polymers in various technologies.


The purpose of the study was to test the effectiveness of a diabetes self-management program in controlling blood glucose, HbA1C, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and saliva cortisol as well as regularity of exercise, improving diabetes self-efficacy, exercise self-efficacy and outcome expectations, and diabetes selfknowledge. This study was a single group, pre and post test research design. All subjects received an exercise and diabetes self-management handbook, Walk Daily for Better Control of Diabetes, via a trained diabetes educator. Then, subjects' behavior changes were monitored via telephone calls by a trained diabetes educator once/week for 8 weeks. Results showed that the self-efficacy for diabetes, outcome expectations for exercise, and health-care climate scores have improved, but only the health-care climate score revealed statistically significant changes (p < 0.05). Results also showed abdominal circumference and salvia cortisol level presented statistically significant changes. Hence, the baseline HbA1C and exercise period per day were significant predictors of HbA1C levels among diabetes patients. With diabetes self-management education, and counseling interventions, diabetes patient have better self-health management of their diseases, and mitigate the detrimental changes. To encourage diabetes patients to continue exercising regularly, clinical nurses must support patients by playing the roles of educator and counselor.


An inductively coupled interconnect scheme for vertical signaling in 3D ICs is demonstrated. Test chips were fabricated in TSMC 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, then thinned and stacked. For 90 /spl mu/m thick chips using 150 /spl mu/m inductors, the transceiver communicates NRZ signals at 2.8Gb/s, and tolerates up to 50 /spl mu/m misalignment. TX and RX power dissipation are 10.0 mW and 37.6 mW, respectively. The transceiver circuit does not require a clock to recover the data and is able to maintain less than 100 ps jitter at the RX output.


Geographic routing is an attractive localized routing scheme for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Most WSNs are consisted of nodes which are all limited in power, so how to employ a proper routing protocol to save energy consumption is a hot topic for research. In this paper, a balance-aware energy-efficient geographic routing protocol BEGR is proposed. Both energy consumption in communication and residual energy at nodes are considered in BEGR. We prove that our protocol is loop-free and can adapt to dynamic scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate that BEGR is better than other protocols in prolonging network lifetime greatly based on first-dead time.


The basic combat modes between the mixed group of attackers and the interceptors are discussed.The optimal control strategy for attakers is presented in the case of the minimal loss of attackers is selected as the operational effectiveness indexes.


With the advent of the Internet, particularly the World Wide Web, the use and demand for online maps has grown very rapidly. Large scale topographic maps from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) at a scale of 1:24,000 have been traditionally distributed in paper form. To make these maps available to a larger number of people, rasterized versions are now available from various sources. Instead of the common raster format presentation, the solution presented here is based on a vector approach using Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), a relatively new vector format describing vector graphics for the Web. SVG provides many advantages compared to the use of a raster-based presentation, such as the quality of the graphical representation, maintenance, actualization, interactivity, and extensibility through other Web programming languages. The purpose of this research is to propose an optimal and logical structure for a SVG document with a minimal file size that would be universally applicable to all USGS large scale topographic maps while maintaining the graphic quality at a comparable level with maps presented on paper. The study shows that SVG is a promising technology for delivering high quality, fully-vector topographic maps via the Internet, both in terms of graphic quality and interactivity.


It is important to have competent people in order to operate the road maintenance programme. The three principal categories are (1) management (chief engineer, administrators, engineers); (2) supervisors (regional superintendents, foremen); and (3) operatives (equipment operatives, mechanics). Governments must assist management to achieve a road maintenance structure that is clear-cut and responsive to changing needs. Management must give their supervisors firm, realistic and understandable targets for performance and budget control. Supervisors need to understand the physical performance targets and the budgetary context appropriate to their level. Operatives must be given clear instructions and be properly supervised. Finally it is pointed out that training is the vital key to obtaining effective personnel performance. (TRRL)


Abstract Anthropologists have always used Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and sickle cell haemoglobin to trace human evolution and migratory histories of populations. The present study deals with the screening of these markers among the Warli population of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. The study aims to enhance the knowledge in the realm of population genetics vis-à-vis these two loci. Of the 79 males studied, 8 (10.1%) were found to be G6PD deficient. Regarding the Sickle cell haemoglobin, the present sample showed no HbSS. However Heterozygotes (HbAS) constitute (12.7%) of the persons studied for the purpose. The population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium with respect to both selected loci.


BACKGROUND:Changes in the composition of gut bacterial communities have been associated with intestinal inflammation and obesity. Recent studies have begun to appreciate that not all microbes in the gut are bacterial, and a significant fungal microbiome (mycobiome) has been found to co-exist with bacteria. We have previously noted in mouse models of colitis that effective host immunity to intestinal fungi can be important for controlling intestinal inflammation. We further noted that polymorphisms in a gene involved in anti-fungal host defense are associated with severity of disease in ulcerative colitis patients. A significant barrier to evaluating the diversity of fungi found in the intestines is the complexity of fungal taxonomy and the relatively poor database alternatives available for evaluating mycobiome sequencing data. METHODS:We prepared a manually curated and referenced database containing over 1800 fungal ITS1 sequences representing genera previously identified in human and mouse gut. Sequences included were selected for reliability of nomenclature and to maximize representation of sequence diversity among related species. We tested the database's performance against different publically available databases using samples from mouse studies as well from patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis matched to healthy controls. DNA was obtained from murine and human feces as well as from mucosal washings collected during colonoscopy. The fungal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-2) was amplified by PCR, and sequenced on an Illumina platform. RESULTS:We reliably obtained the highest genus-level mapping percentage using our in-house custom curated database. The database resolves naming errors and ambiguities commonly encountered when using public databases. Further, the use of the compact database dramatically improves computational time required to analyze large sequencing datasets; running time is accelerated more than 10 fold compared to other databases. The approach defines the substantial fungal diversity in mouse and human intestines and facilitates characterization of changes in the community structure that are associated with disease. CONCLUSIONS:Fungi can be more rapidly and more accurately identified in large rDNA sequencing datasets using a custom-curated database. The approach should facilitate large-scale mycobiome projects and should improve reproducibility between reported fungal communities.


This paper deals with a collision avoidance problem for path-following of multiple holonomic robots. The path-following aims to move the robots along reference paths with assigned velocities. When there are geometric errors between the robots' positions and the reference paths or when the differences between their velocities and assigned velocities are not zero, we expect to reduce these errors. Unfortunately, if the multiple robots try to realize path-following completely, they may collide with one another in areas where the reference paths intersect. In this case, the robots have to avoid collision at the expense of path-following. This paper defines a cost function evaluating the geometric and velocity errors, and proposes a new online collision avoidance method which constrains the cost function. The proposed method minimizes the time-derivative of the cost function in each instance. Moreover, this method prevents the robots from deadlocking by introducing a penalty function for each robot into the cost function. Finally, the effectiveness of our proposed method is demonstrated by simulations for three mobile robots.


Several reports (Jayko and Lichstein, J. Infect. Diseases 104:142, 1959; Tsukamoto et al., Japan J. Med. Sci. Biol. 16:213, 1963) indicate that high yields of a toxin in cultures of Clostridium perfringens type A depend on an adequate supply of peptides, although growth may be the same in media containing either acid hydrolysates or enzyme hydrolysates of protein. The present report shows the importance of peptides for toxinogenesis of C. perfringens type D. The basic medium contained 2% dextrin, 2% yeast extract, 0.2% L-cysteine hydrochloride, 0.2% Na2HPO4, and 0.1% K2HPO4. It was supplemented with Proteose Peptone (Difco) or fractions of Proteose Peptone at 0.1% total nitrogen. The remaining growth conditions have been described elsewhere (Hauschild, J. Bacteriol. 90:1569, 1965). Total nitrogen was determined according to Miller and Miller (Anal. Chem. 20: 481, 1948) and a-amino nitrogen according to Pope and Stevens (Biochem. J. 33:1070, 1939). For fractionation of Proteose Peptone, Sephadex G-25 was equilibrated with 0.1 M potassium phosphate (pH 7.2), and was packed into a column (4.8 by 65 cm); 40 ml of a 15% solution of Proteose Peptone (pH 7.2) were applied to the column. Elution was carried out with 0.1 M potassium phosphate (pH 7.2). Samples of 11.5 ml were collected and measured for optical density at 278 m,. Early experiments showed that toxin synthesis in cultures of C. perfringens type D was dependent upon the supply of peptides, and that these could not be replaced with free amino acids. They also indicated that the molecular size of peptides is of importance, especially in the synthesis of toxins. This was tested in the following experiment. Proteose Peptone was fractionated on Sephadex G-25. Optical densities of 11.5-ml fractions and nitrogen assays of five pools are shown in Fig. la and lb. Essentially all the peptides were in the first three pools (Fig. lb). The average peptide chains of these fractions consisted of approximately 12, 4.5, and 2.5 amino acid residues, as indicated by the ratios of total nitrogen to aamino nitrogen (Fig. lb). These fractions and unfractionated Proteose Peptone were added to basic medium to a concentration of 0.1% total nitrogen. Growth and toxin yields in a typical experiment are shown in Table 1. Growth was the same in all cultures supplemented with peptides, but the production of


The structure of 13C is studied with the semi-microscopic cluster model, 3α+n orthogonality condition model (OCM). The energy spectra of four 1/2- states and three 1/2+ states up to Ex ~ 13 MeV are successfully reproduced, in particular, three monopole transition strengths are in fair agreement with the observed ones. We discuss the cluster states and alpha particle condensation in the 1/2± states appearing around the 12C+n, 9Be+α and 3α+n thresholds.


Depression is a mental disorder that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, with potentially serious consequences if left without treatment. Despite that, many people still suffer from depression without a diagnosis. Recently, the amount of studies related to the automatic detection of depression has improved. The objective of this paper is to identify the methods and techniques used by studies about depression detection through text data, by conducting a systematic review.


It still always worth reconsidering about the background for the formation of Zheng Xuan's Synthetic School of Confucian Classics.It is still a prevailing opinion that the Scholars of New Confucian Classics in late Qing Dynasty had made some claims that the studies of Confucian Classics of East Power and West Power Han Dynasty had been contrary to each other till Zheng Xuan's time.In fact there was no such a deep rift in study of the New and Old Confucian Classics in Han Dynasty.The mingling of schools was a great trend that had been acclaimed by some scholars before.But it can't be overlooked that the real and important reason of the mingling is authority's guide since Wang Mang's power.It is the guide of the imperial government that makes Confucian Classics be a theory of politic reign.


Porosity is a common defect of the aluminum alloy pulsed alternating current (AC) argon tungsten-arc welding (TIG) welding, which can cause huge damage to weld quality. The spectral information which is directly derived from the optical radiation of the arc is intrinsically related to the welding defects. Aiming at the redundancy of arc spectral, this paper proposed a method of porosity defect detection based on fast independent component analysis (fastICA) and radial basis function (RBF) network. The spectral data is collected by spectrometer, and continuous spectra are removed by calculating lower envelope twice. Then fastICA is applied to extract features from selected line spectra. Finally, the porosity defect is detected by RBF network according to the mean value in period of extracted features. Experimental results show that the proposed method can be used to detect the porosity defects during aluminum alloy pulsed TIG welding process.


Based on daily meteorological data from 55 meteorological stations in eastern Gansu from 1960 to 2017, the characteristics of the drought process and precipitation heterogeneity were analyzed, and the relationship between drought and precipitation heterogeneity was evaluated. Results showed that there were 1–3 drought processes in the study area every year. Drought processes in the eastern and north-central regions were more frequent than those in other regions. Droughts were mainly manifested as intra-seasonal droughts, especially across the spring and summer. PCD (Precipitation Concentration Degree, the concentration degree of the precipitation at a certain time) ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 in the area. PCD increased in spring and autumn but decreased in summer and winter for most regions from 1960 to 2017. PCP (Precipitation Concentration Period, the shortest time which the precipitation was concentrated in) was from late April to early May in spring, mid-to-late July in summer, mid-September in autumn, and late January in winter. In the last 58 years, PCP has remained consistent in most regions, varying by approximately 10 days. In addition to insignificant changes in winter, the days with light and moderate rain presented a declining trend, especially in summer and autumn. The larger the PCD, the fewer the days with light and moderate rain, and the stronger the drought intensity. However, in the east-central region, the larger the PCD in autumn, the weaker was the drought intensity. This difference is related to the PCP and the evapotranspiration. Additionally, the later the PCP, the stronger was the drought intensity, particularly in summer and autumn. When PCD was ≥0.5 in spring and ≥0.4 in summer, the PCP was after May and August in spring and summer, respectively. Droughts appeared in 28–56% of periods when seasonal precipitation was above normal. When PCD was ≥0.5 in autumn and PCP was in early and middle September, droughts appeared in 7% of periods when precipitation was above normal. Our results show that although less precipitation is the leading influencing factor of drought in the dry rain-fed agricultural areas, the influence of precipitation heterogeneity should be also considered for the prediction and diagnosis of seasonal drought.


: We propose a novel controlling methodology for avoiding local bifurcations of stable, hyperbolic fixed and periodic points in nonlinear discrete-time dynamical systems with parameter variation. Dynamical systems may not work as expected owing to bifurcations of desired behavior caused by parameter variation. Controlling parameters to avoid bifurcations enables us to construct robust dynamical systems against unexpected parameter variation. Assuming that desired behavior is a hyperbolic fixed or periodic point, as a control strategy, optimizing the degree of its stability (i.e. the maximum modulus of its characteristic multipliers) is consid-erable. However, it cannot be optimized by simple gradient methods, and off-line calculation to find the exact positions of fixed and periodic points and their characteristic multipliers is also needed. In contrast, the method we propose is to control the maximum local Lyapunov exponent (MLLE) that is defined in finite time and is closely related to the degree of stability on hyperbolic fixed and periodic points. This method can predict occurrence of local bifurcations for parameter variation by monitoring the MLLE along the passage of time and adjust parameter values on line to control the MLLE. This leads that occurrence of local bifurcations can be avoided without directly analyzing bifurcations in advance. The parameter regulation to avoid local bifurcations is theoretically derived from the minimization of an objective function with respect to the MLLE. Our experimental results applied to the Kawakami and H´enon maps demonstrate that the proposed controller could be used to avoid local bifurcations.


The utility model relates to a shockproof connection code part for a unit curtain wall system. The unit curtain wall system comprises a unit curtain wall and a curtain wall main body; the connection code part comprises an embedded part, a fixed part, a hook part and a limiting part for preventing the hook part from getting loose; the embedded part is embedded in the curtain wall main body; the fixed part and the embedded part are connected through a bolt; the hook part and the unit curtain wall are connected through a bolt; the hook part is hung on the fixed part; the limiting part is welded on the fixed part; and the lower end of the limiting part abuts against the hook part. Compared with the prior art, the shockproof connection code part provided by the utility model has the advantages of capability of ensuring the safety performance of the curtain wall in an earthquake and the like.


The processing of locally harvested data at the physically accessible edge devices opens a new avenue of security threats for edge enhanced analytics. Cryptographic algorithms are used to secure the data being processed on the edge device. However, the implementation weakness of the algorithms on the edge devices can lead to side‐channel attack vulnerability, which is exacerbated with the application of machine‐learning techniques. This research proposes a deep learning‐based system integrated at the edge device to identify the side‐channel leakages. To design such a deep learning‐based system, one of the challenges is formulating the suitable attack model for the underlying target algorithm. Based on the previous findings, three machine learning‐based side‐channel attack models are curated and investigated for the edge device security evaluations. As a test case, the standard elliptic‐curve cryptographic algorithm is selected. Moreover, quantitative analysis is provided for the best attack model selection using standard machine‐learning evaluation metrics. A comparative analysis is performed on the raw unaligned data samples and reduced feature‐engineered samples using edge enhanced security analytics. The investigation concludes that the vulnerable algorithm implementation can lead to the secret key recovery from the edge device, with 96% accuracy, using a neural‐network‐based algorithm to analyse side‐channel attacks.


Abstract This paper looks at the development of environmental policy in France from the early 1970s. It considers the origins of this new field of action and the organisation developed for its administration at government level. The paper covers aspects such as financial resources, and the action programme itself, including pollution prevention and nature conservation.


Association of cholera with fairs and festivals is well known and equally well known is the close association of fairs and festivals with Indian life. The disease and the country have accordingly had a very intimate and a very old mutual concern. Most of the devastating epidemics, and all the six of the recorded pandemics of the last century, some of which spread as far east as Japan or as far west as Europe and America, started from India, and most of these had their origin in religious fairs held in this country (Wu Lien-Teh et al., 1934).


Context: Functional performance testing of athletes can determine physical limitations that may affect sporting activities. Optimal functional performance testing simulates the athlete's activity. Evidence Acquisition: A Medline search from 1960 to 2012 was implemented with the keywords functional testing, functional impairment testing, and functional performance testing in the English language. Each author also undertook independent searches of article references. Conclusion: Functional performance tests can bridge the gap between general physical tests and full, unrestricted athletic activity.


Blunt cardiac injury (BCI), also referred to cardiac contusion, is a known cause of myocardial injury. It is often challenging to diagnose in the absence of clear diagnostic criteria. The clinical manifestation ranges from none to fatal arrhythmias to cardiac wall rupture seen on post-mortem examination. Cardiac biomarkers and electrocardiograms are usually helpful in identifying cardiac trauma but are not necessarily abnormal in all cases.

 A 55-year-old male with no history of cardiac disease was brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle collision resulted in chest wall injury. The patient was found to have left clavicle fracture, left costae II-VII fractures, and hematothorax followed by chest tube insertion. The patient had multiple episodes of complete heart block with junctional escape rhythm alternate with high degree 2:1 AV conduction, and sometimes became a normal sinus rhythm. A temporary pacemaker was inserted. After the patient underwent the ORIF procedure, cardiac rhythm revealed normal sinus rhythm and temporary pacemaker is removed.

 High-degree AV block has been reported in human studies following BCI, secondary to necrosis, inflammation, or fibrotic changes in the subendocardial tissue. 50% of patients reviewed in the literature had a recurrence or permanent complete heart block requiring pacemaker implantation and complete heart block secondary to BCI which was associated with a 20% mortality in the post-traumatic period. Our patient developed a fatal heart block in the early period which could have easily been missed.


The values of ultrasonic velocity (u), density (ρ), and viscosity (η) have been measured experimentally in the binary liquid mixture containing 1-butanol and hexane over the entire range of composition at different temperatures 313.15 K, 318.15 K and 323.15 K. This experimental data have been used to calculate the acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), free length (Lf), molar volume (Vm) and acoustic impedance(z). The results have been qualitatively used to explain the molecular interactions between the components of the liquid mixture.


The usage of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of architectural publicity expressed in the spaces of mixed-use facilities in Japan. The research method was as follows: 1) Preparatory study and literature research review to extract the elements of architectural publicity 2) A survey, to check architectural publicity elements 3) Based on the elements of architectural publicity, each mixed-use facility was evaluated; 4) Spaces of the facilities were classified based on Kevin Lynch's The Image of the City element. The results show that the mixed-use facilities include aspects of `space use aspect` and `space structural aspect`. Second, the entrance areas of the facilities were characterized by strengthened spatial legibility and sense of area. Third, the paths were characterized by visual openness, accessibility, inter-relatedness, and space amenity. Fourth, the spaces that perform certain functions within the facilities were characterized by improved space amenity, convenience, and social interchange. Fifth, the nodes were characterized by increased social interchange and spatial transferability. Sixth, the landmark spaces were characterized by improved spatial legibility.


This article has reviewed the development and current application of automotive top-coat, and drawn up the development trend and application future of the waterborne coatings, powder coatings and high solid coatings for automotive top-coat.


Macroporous resin method was used to extract laminaria polysaccharide sulphate from laminaria Japonica. The paper evaluated the antioxidant of laminaria in terms of pharmacodynamic. Five macroporous resin methods such as HZ801, HZ816, HP20, HP100, D3520 were tested to explore the best resin model and extraction conditions. The results showed that D3520 worked best and its most suitable adsorption condition was at a flow rate of 2 BV·h-1. The concentration was pH 5. The adsorption rate was 71.14 %. The optimal desorption was 45 % of ethanol concentration at a flow rate of 2 BV·h-1. The desorption rate was 86.27 %. The pharmacodynamic took elimination rate of antioxidant eliminating ·OH radicals as a mark and VC as positive control. It was proven that laminaria polysaccharide sulphat had positive effect on eliminating·OH radicals. When the viscosity was 2.0 mg/mL, the elimination rate was 38.36 %. It explained the antioxidantion of laminaria polysaccharide sulphate.


Ancient villages in China are crystallizations of Chinese thousand-year old farming cultures, concentrations of historical, scientific and artistic values and demonstrations of ethnic and regional characteristics. Unfortunately, due to insufficient protection and development, a majority of them gradually show declining state, and protection and development are imminent. This study analyzes the main reasons why ancient villages declining state by conducting a case study of Daqitou Ancient Village in foshan and proposes several practices such as document management, functional replacement and widening of investment channels to use the resources in ancient villages effectively and efficiently for a positive loop between development and protection.


The mass transfer and kinetics on the preparation process of light magnesium carbonate by stream-recycling carbonation were studied. The influences of gas flow, distribution proportion of gas and particle size, etc., on the process of stream-recycling carbonation were examined. At the same time, its model of stream-recycling reaction was built theoretically. The results show that the process of stream-recycling carbonation is controlled by diffusion mass transfer within 10~25℃, of which activation energy is 18.6 kJ/mol, while controlled by diffusion mass transfer and surface chemical reaction altogether within 25~35℃, of which activation energy is 33.15 kJ/mol.


It has been speculated that friction variation could be a significant contributor to slip and fall incidents. However, the relationship between friction variation and a measurement of slipperiness has not been established in the literature. In this field study, the relationships among multiple friction variations, friction levels and perception ratings of slipperiness were investigated in six major working areas of 10 fast-food restaurants in the USA. The mean perception rating score for each working area was correlated with the mean friction coefficient across all the restaurants in comparison with its correlation with various friction reduction variables of each working area. The results indicated that, among 12 friction reduction variables evaluated, the absolute and relative reductions in friction over the whole working area could have a slightly better correlation with the perception rating score (r = 0.34 and 0.37, respectively) than the mean friction coefficient of each working area (0.33). However, friction variations require more effort and time to quantify than the mean friction coefficient. Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation was obtained between the maximum relative friction reduction over the whole area and the mean friction coefficient in each working area across all the restaurants evaluated (r = 0.80). The mean friction coefficient of an area is still a reasonably good indicator of slipperiness despite a slightly lower correlation with perception rating than the friction variation.


"In the face of widespread doubt that the congregation's most frequent action is also its most important… the psalm insists that the assembly defined by its intention has significance for all of history."


This paper describes the theory of the generalized sequential sampling procedures, and applies it to a stochastic control problem. This generalized procedure provides a sampling rule that determines, according to the avalaible information, to stop or the next sub-sampling size. The article analyzes the problem of the optimal sampling rule in finite and infinity horizon, and studies the particular case of a stationary markovian process.


This paper seeks to explore the concept of the digital divide by critiquing the notion of the digital native and its relationship to the legal conception of technology transfer and sited knowledge. It is the contention of this paper that technology transfer is key in developmental issues currently facing the international community in general, and is the first and paramount step in bridging the digital divide specifically. In order to be sustainable, a technology transfer must include capacity building strategies in which the notion of suitably embedded knowledge is already present in other areas of international IP law; specifically in the areas of Traditional Knowledge (TK) and Traditional Cultural Expression (TCE). Finally, if this concept of embedded knowledge is further applied to the idea of the digital divide then it becomes apparent that there is a socially damaging and a potentially ecologically unsound digital divide at work, even among those who are resource rich.


XX.1 Models of assimilatory external sandhi External sandhi stands right at the heart of a number of current issues in phonology and phonetics. The traditional assumption is that such " phonological adjustments " involve the categorical modification of the affected segment or segments , e.g. the coalescence in English of /t#j/ to /t/ in past your prime, or the change in that case of /t#k/ to /k/. Hayes's (1986) analysis of the assimilatory external sandhi of Toba Batak established that autosegmental feature spreading, the canonical mechanism for analysing assimilation (Goldsmith 1979; Clements 1976), was able to account for complex sandhi patterns just by linking and de-linking autosegments. Such feature spreading, which relies crucially on the traditional assumption of categorical phonological modifications at word boundaries , has subsequently been the received analysis of external sandhi generally, including the English cases mentioned above. have cast doubt on the assumption that external sandhi assimilation involves categorical modifications of segments. Rather, the appropriate processes appear to involve language specific rules of phonetic co-articulation, 1 usually expressed in terms of gestural overlap and gestural reduction. For example, neither the " total " assimilation of word-final /t/ to word-initial /k/ in that case nor the " partial " assimilation of word-final /s/ to word-initial /j/ in miss you are categorical — the puta-tive outputs (/k/ and // respectively) are typically not the same as underlying /k/ and // in similar contexts but rather may incorporate residual aspects of the apparently deleted /t/ and /s/. Such behaviour has also been demonstrated in a number of languages other than English:


[Objective]To undenstand the state of occupational hazards in Qingdao city and seek focal industries of occupational hazards and main occupational risk factors.To carry out stress supervision.[Methods]Carried out investigation to 1 863 corporations that exist occupational disease risk factors.[Results]To investigate 1 863 corporations.In which,230 building materials industries,205 electronics industries,178 leather processing industries,168 shoes manufacturing industries,147 toy manufacturing industries,113 furniture manufacturing industries;There were 30 9888 people to contact occupational disease risk factors in investigated corporations.In which,there were 83 993 people to contact dust,there were 50 653 people to contact poison,there were 175 242 people to contact physical factors;professional health inspection rate before station is 60.8%,regular professional health inspection rate in station period is 82.4%,professional health inspection rate of leave station is 14.5%.Total happened occupational disease 128 people among 2003-2005.In which,there were 65 pneumoconiosis,there were 40 Occupational poisoning cases,there were 5 noise deaf cases,there were 18 other occupational diseases.[Conclusion]The building materials,electronics,leather processing,shoes manufacturing,toy manufacturing,furniture manufacturing industries were focal point industries of occupational disease prevention and treatment.In contacted occupational disease risk factors silicious dust,asbestos dust,electric welding dust were main dust;benzene,methylbenzene,n-hexane were main poisons;noise were main physical factors.


Based on digital holographic optical field distribution formula,the principle of 3D contour generation of digital holographic was analyzed,and resolution formulas of several different contour generation methods with digital holography were derived and computer simulations were done.It overcomes the difficulties of 3D contour generation method with optical holographic,and is a fast,high-precision 3D measurement method for the small object.


1. Extracellular pH (pHo) was measured in the isolated retina preparation of the toad, Bufo marinus, using H(+)‐selective microelectrodes. During superfusion with phosphate‐buffered solution (pH 7.8), which had a low buffering capacity, pHo in the inner retina was 7.0‐7.2 and there was a pHo gradient throughout the distal retina and into the bathing solution. 2. The retinal acidity appears to be due in part to the combined reactions of glycolysis and ATP hydrolysis, since anoxia greatly increased the pHo gradient, while superfusion with either glucose‐free pyruvate solution or strophanthidin decreased this gradient. 3. Maintained illumination evoked both an acidification in the proximal retina and an alkalinization in the distal retina. Blocking synaptic transmission to second‐order neurones (1.0 mM‐aspartate) decreased the acidification but had little effect on the alkalinization, consistent with the notion that the alkalinization is of receptoral origin, while the acidification is of post‐receptoral origin. 4. Retinal neurones extrude a significant amount of acid via Na(+)‐H+ exchange, since 2.0 mM‐amiloride, a blocker of Na(+)‐H+ exchange, caused a sustained alkalinization in darkness and decreased the light‐evoked changes in pHo, while 1.0 mM‐4‐acetamido‐4'‐isothiocyanatostilbene‐2.2'‐disulphonic acid (SITS), a blocker of Cl(‐)‐HCO3‐ exchange, produced a much smaller alkalinization. 5. Switching to a bicarbonate‐buffered solution having a 75 times greater buffering capacity than the phosphate‐buffered solution caused retinal pHo to become less acidic and significantly decreased the amplitude of the light‐evoked pHo changes. 6. Addition of 2.0 mM‐acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, to the bicarbonate‐buffered solution increased both the pHo gradient and the light‐evoked changes in pHo. These data are consistent with the idea that carbonic anhydrase, which is concentrated in Müller (glial) cells and to a lesser extent in horizontal cells, increases the effectiveness of the bicarbonate buffer system. 7. Switching from bicarbonate‐buffered to phosphate‐buffered solutions attenuated the b‐wave of the electroretinogram, most likely by acidifying pHo. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of the bicarbonate buffer system in buffering pHo during periods of variable acid extrusion in light and in darkness.


This paper reports a numerical investigation of an atmospheric lean-premixed swirl-stabilized burner. The focus on the flow behavior and flame stability is done at various swirl intensity to better understand the propane turbulent premixed flames. The numerical simulation is carried out using RANS technique with three turbulence closer models Standard k-ε, Realizable k-ε and SST k-ω. This in order to evaluate the performance of these models in the prediction of confined turbulent swirling flows. The turbulence-chemistry interaction scheme is modelled using Finite Rate-Eddy Dissipation model with three step global reaction mechanism. The combustor is operated with air and propane mixture under an atmospheric pressure at a global equivalence ratio of Φ = 0.5. The investigation is done using five different swirl numbers Sn = (0, 0.35, 0.75, 1.05, 1.4), including a validation with the available experimental data. Good agreement is found between RANS results and experimental data, in particular axial and radial velocity profiles, temperature and propane concentration profiles. Results indicate the presence of outer recirculation zone (ORZ) in the inlet burner corner, irrespective of the swirl number. When the swirl number reaches a critical value Sn = 0.75, an inner recirculation zone (IRZ) appears in the center of the burner inlet as a result of vortex-breakdown. Increasing swirl number to an excessive value leads to the propagation of the IRZ upstream the combustion chamber, and consequently the appearance of the flame flashback.


The goal of this paper is to present the physics behind Brill initial data sets as an excellent tool for numerical experiments of axisymmetric spacetimes, data sets which are practical applications of HPC for numerical solutions of Einstein's vacuum equations.


Climate change has developed into a global problem that threatens human existence. The European Union (EU) was the first to start climate governance, and has formed an effective, mature governance model and the rule of law system. The recognition of climate and social rules has led to the formation of a multi-party governance network. The analysis of the gains and losses of EU climate control aims at deepening our understanding of climate governance laws and providing new ideas for climate governance in different countries. The rapid and extensive development in China has also brought a series of climatic problems, but the "fragmentation" governance scheme has suffered "bottleneck" in the governance effect. This paper introduces the practice and legal experience of European Union climate control to give some enlightenment and promotion to China's climate control.


Dermatology is a relatively young discipline in Australia compared to other specialities within the medical fraternity. From its humble beginnings, the profession has evolved significantly over the decades and is now represented by the Australasian College of Dermatologists which is charged with training the next generation of dermatologists and advocating for and advancing the profession.


Research on biochar has increased, but its long‐term effect on the fertility of temperate agricultural soil remains unclear. In Wallonia, Belgium, pre‐industrial charcoal production affected former forested areas that were cleared for cultivation in the nineteenth century. The sites of traditional charcoal kilns, largely enriched in charcoal residues, are similar to soil amended with hardwood biochar more than 150 years ago. We sampled 17 charcoal kiln sites to characterize their effect on soil properties compared with adjacent reference soils. Charcoal‐C content was estimated by differential scanning calorimetry. The kiln soil contains from 1.8 to 33.1 g kg−1 of charcoal‐C, which markedly increases organic C:N and C:P ratios. It also contains slightly more uncharred soil organic carbon (SOC) than the reference soil, which accords with larger total N content. We measured a small increase in nitrates in the kiln soil that might relate to greater mineralization and nitrification of organic N. Frequent application of lime raised the pH to values close to neutral, which offset the residual effect of charcoal production on soil acidity. A cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 414 cmolc kg−1 was estimated for charcoal‐C, whereas that of uncharred SOC was 213 cmolc kg−1. Despite the large CEC of the kiln soil, exchangeable K+ content was no different from the adjacent soil, whereas exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents were considerably larger. Charcoal enrichment has little effect on available, inorganic and total P, but it can form strong complexes with Cu, which reduces the availability of the metal. Biochar is very persistent in soil; therefore, long‐term implications should not be overlooked.


It has long been known, that in the vacuum of the barometer, mercury rises in a vaporous state at the usual temperature of this climate, and that persons employed in the mines from whence this metal is procured, as well as those who are employed in gilding and plating, have suffered paralytic and other constitutional affections, from inhaling the air saturated with mercurial vapours: had any doubt remained of mercury existing in the state alluded to, it would be effectually removed by the experiments made by Mr. Faraday, detailed in the twentieth number of the Journal of Science, &c. An unprecedented event, which occurred in one of His Majesty's ships of the line, at Cadiz, in the year 1810, a short time before I took upon me the charge of the Medical Department of the Mediterranean Fleet, has afforded me an opportunity of illustrating this subject on a very extensive scale, the details of which may not, perhaps, be uninteresting to the Royal Society.


Chrysodeixis acuta passed through two generations during 2009–2010 on soybean, Unknown reasons were major mortality factors during first generation and Apanteles and Green muscardine were the major mortality factors during second generation of Chrysodeixis acuta.


In recent years, manufacturing industries are employed a new manufacturing methods to increase environmental protection and improved output. CFD is a complimentaryexperimental, theoreticalapproach forsimulating real flow as it is much cheaper than experimental testing.CFDas an analyzing tool for the turbocharger design, enhances off-design operation and improves performance. This paper describes the procedure of analyzing the turbocharger flow passage using CFD.


In June this year, cloudcomputing.info reported that VMware released a set of papers, dubbed the vCloud Architecture Toolkit (vCAT) providing guidance for customers planning to ...


Recent volunteer and controlled epidemiologic field studies have provided evidence which firmly associates the agent first recovered by Eaton in 1944 with lower respiratory tract illness of man.1-3 A serologic response to the Eaton agent occurs in approximately 90 per cent of pneumonia illnesses in which cold agglutinins develop during convalescence as well as in a significant but variable proportion of cold agglutinin-negative pneumonias.2 4 The development of pneumonia and other forms of respiratory disease following the administration of tissue culture-grown Eaton agent to volunteers and the demonstration that naturally acquired antibody offered protection against such illness supports the contention that the agent is a respiratory tract pathogen.5 For many years, the agent was tentatively classified as a virus. The large size of the agent (180-250 m,i) and its sensitivity to streptomycin and various tetracycline derivatives, however, posed some difficulty with such a classification.6-8 Recently, Marmion and Goodburn were able to visualize small cocco-bacillary bodies on the mucous layer covering the bronchial epithelium of the Eaton agent infected chick embryo.9 The distribution of these bodies corresponded with the localization of Eaton agent as visualized by the fluorescent antibody technique. These workers also demonstrated that the Eaton agent was inhibited by an organic gold salt. Clyde visualized extracellular "colony-like" structures in stained preparations of infected tissue culture; these structures corresponded with the areas of specific immunofluorescence.U? Both groups of workers suggested the possibility that the Eaton agent may be a "pleuropneumonia-like organism" (PPLO) rather than a virus. Cultivation of the organism in cell-free media, however, was not achieved. T


Inhibit angiogenesis is one of the important tumor therapy. If the mechanism of vascular changes can be detected at molecular level, it will have therapeutic significance. Raman spectroscopy, which can be applied to the structural analysis of solid, liquid or solution of biological molecules, is a non-destructive spectral technology holding very rich information. Basing on Confocal Raman Microscope, a unique system is developed for obtaining the different Raman spectra of the chick embryo vascular with the anti-angiogenic drugs - thalidomide and without. In the study, the location and shape of the average Raman spectra of vessels in drug 5h were very similar to the ones without medicine, and the intensity of some characteristic peaks changed, such as 1441cm-1,1527cm-1 and 1657cm-1 showing markedly increasing, while the 971cm-1 and 1081cm-1 decreasing. This change was due to anti- angiogenic drugs that caused the nucleic acid, protein, phospholipids, and other important biological molecules of the vessels on the structure or content tovary. PCA was used to distinguish between the two kinds of vascular with the result that they were accurately partitioned.The study indicated that Raman spectroscopy could be an effective tool for detection of the mechanism of vascular changes.


This paper is divided into four parts. In the first we study the existence of vector- valued Banach limits and show that a real Banach space with a monotone Schauder basis admits vector- valued Banach limits if and only if it is -complemented in its bidual. In the second we prove two vector- valued versions of Lorentz' intrinsic characterization of almost convergence. In the third we show that the unit sphere in the space of all continuous linear operators from to which are invariant under the shift operator on cannot be obtained via compositions of surjective linear isometries with vector- valued Banach limits. In the final part we show that if enjoys the Krein–Milman property, then the set of vector- valued Banach limits is a face of the unit ball in the space of all continuous linear operators from to which are invariant under the shift operator on .


SummaryB ALLOON ANGIOPLASTY FOR NATIVE AORTICCOARCTATION IN CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN 12 MONTHS : IMMEDIATE AND MEDIUM - TERM RESULTS Introduction and objectives: The use of theballoon angioplasty (BA) in the treatment of pa-tients with native aortic coarctation during child-hood, particularly during the first 12 months ofage, is controversial. The aim of this study wasto report our experience with the use of this ther-apeutic technique and review the immediate andmiddle-term results in patients until 12 monthsage with native aortic coarctation and to identifythose factors related with the outcome. Materialand method: We review retrospectively the clin-ical records of 35 patients less than 12 monthsof age with diagnosis of native aortic coarcta-tion who underwent balloon angioplasty as firstchoice treatment during an eight year span(1998-2005). Total population was divided in twogroups: group A patients ≤ 3 months of age (n =19) and group B patients between 4-12 monthsof age (n = 16). Results:


The existence of free electrons in coals` natural state offers a great attraction for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) analysis to aid in the study of the structure and composition of coal. This direct and non-destructive approach to coal analysis has been hindered by the problem of resolution using the conventional 9.5 GHz EPR spectrometers. In the past few years, the authors have developed techniques including W-band Very High Frequency EPR spectroscopy as a means of determining the quantity and structure of organic sulfur in native and desulfurized coals. The state-of-the-art 95 GHz (W-band) EPR spectrometer which they have constructed shows a well resolved spectrum including the interaction between unpaired electrons and the heteroatom like sulfur. The spectra also provide quantitative as well as qualitative information regarding different sulfur species. In this quarter, the authors have been concentrating their efforts on developing a new standard protocol in handling and preparing the coal samples for EPR measurements to provide a quantitative comparison between the EPR spectra of coal in the natural state and desulfurized. Sixteen new coal samples, both native and desulfurized, have been provided to us as well as to the University of Kentucky for analysis by XANES. These samples havemore » been run in both laboratories. The results from these samples, which were kept in an oxygen-free environment, are compared to those of 10 previous samples, which were air-oxidized. Significant differences in the EPR spectra of air-oxidized and oxygen free samples are noted; results from Kentucky are not yet available. Desulfurized samples show a significant decrease in organic sulfur as measured by the VHF-EPR method.« less


Hypothesis / Aims of Study Urethral hypermobility results from weakening of urethral-supporting structures leading to downward displacement and rotation of the urethra. Urethral hypermobility is the most common cause of female stress urinary incontinence. However the precise mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. In order to better understand how each anatomical structure of the female pelvic floor contributes to the mechanism of urethral hypermobility, a subject-specific pelvic modelling approach is utilized to perform a dynamic biomechanical analysis that simulates urethral hypermobility in women. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated in this study by simulating dynamic urethral mobility during a Valsalva maneuver.


This paper reported the relevance study between soil enzyme activity and soil-borne diseases in rhizosphere soil of Dianthus caryophyllus L.(Carnation) under Cultivation.Through statistical analysis,the result showed that there are significant differences between soil enzyme activity and soil-borne diseases,especially their correlation.As a result,Dehydrogenase and phosphatase are the most important impact factors,so they can be an important indication of forecast.


The distribution of remaining oil at the high water-cut stage in heavy oilfield of Bohai Bay is very complicated. Based on fine geology study and combined with the data of logging, sealed coring and reservoir dynamic analysis, this paper deeply researches the watered-out characteristics and the distribution rule of remaining oil in SZ heavy oilfield guided by the sedimentology and percolation mechanics theory. Based on this, the corresponding strategies for adjustment wells are proposed. Study shows that there is a great difference in watered-out characteristics of different rhythm sand bodies in study area. Reverse rhythm permeability ratio is less than 5,mainly impacted by gravity effect. In the middle and lower part of sand body, watering out is serious; permeability ratio is more than 5,mainly impacted by physical property. In the middle and upper part of sand body, watering out occurs; for positive rhythm and mean rhythm, vertical watered-out characteristics of sand body are mainly influenced by gravity and physical property. In the middle and lower part of sand body, watering out occurs. At present, the remaining oils are mainly distributed in the stagnant zone between the oil wells, both sides of closed fault and the top of thick oil layers with small permeability ratio. The strategies of directional well infilling and horizontal well layering are taken to improve the oil recovery, getting a good potential tapping result.


Recent topics on pressure-induced phase separation and/or phase transition investigated by means of small-angle neutron scattering and dynamic light scattering are reviewed, particularly on (i) pressure-dependence of block copolymer aqueous solutions and protein solutions, (ii) co-nonsolvency of polymers in mixed solvents, and (iii) competition of aggregation vs phase separation in polymer-particle systems. It is emphasized that hydrophobic interaction plays a key role of phase behavior in these system.


Phase locking of auditory‐nerve fibers to the vowel /e/ was studied in normal cats and in cats with a noise‐induced hearing loss. In normal cats, phase locking to the formant‐frequency components of the vowel dominates responses among fibers with BFs near the formant frequencies. At moderate stimulus levels (50–70 dB), in fact, the responses of such fibers are captured by the formant, in that the fibers respond only to the formant frequency. This synchrony capture is not observed in noise‐damaged animals. It is reported here that it is also not observed in normal fibers at high sound levels (near 90 dB). Synchrony capture is a nonlinear phenomenon in that it reflects suppression of response to stimulus components within the tuning curve by the strongest component, at the formant frequency. Using simple cochlear models, the conditions necessary for synchrony capture with a vowel stimulus will be demonstrated and related to the changes occurring in deafened animals and at high sound levels. [Work supported ...


Background: Pregnant women's exposure to secondhand smoking (SHS) is associated with detrimental effects on the pregnancy outcomes. Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of face-to-face counseling, based on health belief model (HBM), combined with a written educational pamphlet, and health education using written pamphlet only, in improving pregnant women's perception, behavior to avoid SHS and change in exposure to SHS. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2016. The intervention group received face-to-face health counseling on SHS, while the control group received only written educational pamphlets. Outcomes were the change in the perception of mother on the four constructs of the HBM and the change in mothers' behavior of avoidance of SHS exposure. Results: A total of 100 women were recruited for the study, of whom 93 (47 intervention and 46 control) women completed the study. All women identified their spouse as a source of SHS exposure. Following the intervention, the intervention group had significantly higher scores in the perception of susceptibility (21 ± 4 vs. 16 ± 7, P < 0.01) and severity (15 ± 3 vs. 12 ± 4, P < 0.01) and reduced perception scores of barriers to avoid SHS exposure (11 ± 4 vs. 9 ± 5, P = 0.03), compared to the control group. However, there was an insignificant change in the exposure to SHS after the intervention in both the groups; where 25 (53.2%) women in the intervention group and 31 (67.4%) in the control group (P = 0.16), continued to being exposed to SHS. Conclusion: Counselling of pregnant women, based on HBM, has insignificant effect in reducing their exposure to SHS; however it is effective in improving their knowledge and perception about SHS exposure.


In the context of a simple model of strategic offshoring, we investigate the reasons why firms may simultaneously source fragments domestically and internationally. We explore the impacts of offshoring on the production pattern of finished goods, tradable fragment prices, and welfare in a partial equilibrium context. The policy implications of attempts to restrict offshoring are also considered. The analysis shows that an offshoring equilibrium may exist in the absence of comparative advantage in fragments, that offshoring is welfare improving if the costs are sufficiently small, and that attempts (by both countries) to prevent offshoring may paradoxically lower both fragment use and price.


In our previous work a scatterer-localization algorithm based on maximum-likelihood estimation was derived using spherical wavefront assumption. Individual Cramér-Rao Lower Bounds (CRLBs) for distance and azimuth estimation were presented. As a continuation, we now derive a joint CRLB for both distance and azimuth. The novelty lying in the joint CRLB is that the underlying Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) is a non-diagonal partition matrix, yielding the fact that the CRLB obtained is tighter than the CRLBs derived individually. A closed-form representation of the approximate of the joint CRLB is presented which is expressed as a function of the FIM elements. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to assess the validity and the accuracy of the derived bounds. Finally, the applicability of the derived CRLB is illustrated for vehicle or obstacle localization when a vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave environment-sensing system is considered.


The absorption of radium and thorium from waste uranium leach liquor by clays and other materials was investigated. This work was conducted in support of the goal of minimizing the environmental conflicts, impacts, and occupational hazards associated with mining and milling operations. Tailing and soil samples from New Mexico were evaluated for their potential to absorb radium and thorium from tailing liquors. Absorption ranged from 0 to 97 pct for radium and 0 to 60 pct for thorium. Some samples that readily absorbed radium were contacted with various salt solutions that could be present in tailing solutions to determine whether desorption would be a potential problem. The desorption of radium ranged from 0 to 75 pct. An alpha spectrometric method was used to determine the radium and thorium concentrations in the solutions and solids.


Porous ZnS, ZnO and ZnS–ZnO nanosheets (NSs) are obtained by annealing ZnS(en)0.5 (en = ethylenediamine) NSs under suitable conditions in air. The annealing temperature plays an important role. Porous hexagonal wurtzite ZnS, ZnS–ZnO and ZnO NSs are obtained at 400, 500 and 600 °C, respectively. ZnS–ZnO NSs exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity and good photocatalytic stability in the decomposition of organic dye molecule rhodamine B (RhB) under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination.


The digital revolution imposes a new economic order. Surveillance capitalism has its origins in (classical) market capitalism, but it differs significantly from it. In the traditional (classical) model of capitalism, there are goods that are produced in order to be sold. However, in the 21st century it is difficult to compete. It is not easy to find new added value that would determine the margin and profit. The question is, how long can you keep your labor costs down? This is why surveillance capitalism arose. His story is relatively young. It was established in the years 2000–2004. As the Internet bubble burst, investors threatened the company to pull out of funding, unable to find a quick way to monetize it. Then Google suddenly discovered that the last virgin territory that had not yet hit the market was human nature. It is worth noting that it is much easier to predict something if you first interfere with the behavior so that it takes the desired forms. To put it bluntly – the market is trying to push its individual participants, as customers and consumers, more and more in the direction it prefers, trying to influence their opinions, sometimes even driving them to specific places. The aim of the study is to present the problems that led to the transformation of information capitalism into surveillance capitalism.


Due to the high-power density and compact structure, axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines have gradually received much attention with a view to researching breakthroughs in the next generation electric drive technology for electric vehicles in the recent decades. The AFPM machines with factional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) and yokeless stator, namely yokeless, and segmented armature (YASA) motors, have drawn much attention for its high-power density and potential manufacturability due to the concentrated winding and modular stator core configuration. However, the significant rotor loss resulting from the abundant armature reaction harmonics in FSCW machines imposes a great challenge to the rotor heat dissipation, especially when the pursuit of higher speed has become the trend for electric vehicle applications. On the other hand, distributed winding is widely used in high speed radial flux permanent magnet (PM) machines due to its low armature reaction harmonics. In order to figure out the advantages and disadvantages of various winding arrangement and rotor configuration of AFPM for electric vehicle applications, the comparative study of four AFPM machines with various winding configurations and rotor PM arrangements are comprehensively conducted in this article. First, the design and primary optimization of the four AFPM machines are conducted for the electric vehicle requirement specifications. Then, a comprehensive three-dimensional finite-element analysis (FEA) is employed to compare the electromagnetic performance including torque/power density, efficiency, and flux-weakening capacity. Furthermore, the guideline of winding selection of AFPM machines for electrical vehicle is given. Finally, a yokeless stator AFPM prototype with ISDW configuration is manufactured and tested to verify the validity of the FEA results, as well as confirm the comparison conclusion.


The asymmetric design of a semiconductor laser structure presented in this paper is based on the extension of the near field in the vertical direction (growth direction) preferentially on the n-side of the structure. P-type layers show lower mobility and higher optical losses than n-type layers. Thus the series resistance of the device and the internal losses would benefit from this approach. The vertical spot size is 0.8 /spl mu/m, making the structures also suitable for high power operation. We give the refractive index profile and optical field distribution in the asymmetric structures.


The aims of this study are: 1) to seek and analyze simultaneous influence of product, price, promotion, and place on consumers' purchasing decisions; 2) to seek  and analyze the influence of product on consumers' purchasing decisions; 3) to seek  and analyze the influence of price on consumers' purchasing decisions; 4) to seek  and analyze the influence of promotion on consumers' purchasing decisions; 5) to seek  and analyze the influence of place on consumers' purchasing decisions. Sample of this study consists of 61 people who selected through purposive sampling technique. The hypotheses are tested with multiple linear regressions. The result show that: 1) product, price promotion, and place simultaneously have significant influence of consumers' purchasing decisions; 2) product influences consumers' purchasing decisions positively but insignificantly; 3) price positively and significantly influences consumers' purchasing decisions; 4) promotion positively and significantly influences consumers' purchasing decisions; 5) place negatively and significantly influences consumers' purchasing decisions.


A double staining procedure using potassium permanganate and lead citrate is described. The technique, involving treatment of sections with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate followed by lead citrate staining, is shown to be more effective in producing contrast in Spurr-embedded tissue than the conventional uranyl acetate – lead citrate method.


Monotonic maps with a single discontinuity arise in a variety of situations. We describe the infinite sets of periods for such maps on the boundary of chaos; this gives a sense of the routes to chaos in such maps. The description involves an explicit subshift of finite type which describes the sequences of different renormalizations possible in these maps.


by Anna M. McDermott Endochondral ossification is an indirect path of bone formation involving the condensation of progenitor cells into a cartilaginous anlage that grows in size, matures, and releases growth factors to promote blood vessel invasion and cartilage remodeling, resulting in a robust, vascularized bone organ. This is the dominant pathway of bone formation in both long bone development and fracture healing and has emerged as an attractive tissue engineering template to address the lack of angiogenesis and poor engraftment seen in current intramembranous engineering approaches. Though it is known that mechanical cues are essential to the progression of endochondral ossification in both processes, the role of mechanical loading in endochondral bone defect regeneration has not been investigated. In vivo, we applied mechanical loading to chondrogenically-primed hMSCs within a critically-sized rat femoral defect either immediately after implantation, or delayed until 4 weeks into chondrogenesis, compared to unloaded controls. Delaying loading significantly improved bone regeneration through increased bone volume, bridging across the defect, and recovery of mechanical properties


This article introduced PLC on the type's selection,monitoring point selection,and programming process.Especially,focusing on the ways of finding controlling failures through PLC systems used in package units,the application achieved good results,enabling the instrument staff to fast and accurate troubleshooting to ensure normal production.


ABSTRACT
 The relevance of scientific research to local challenges and the need to produce actionable knowledge that benefits local development have not been evaluated. This study evaluates whether scientific research focused on the Amazonas region is framed within its five regional components of the Concerted Regional Development Plan (CRDP) to achieve sustainable development. In this study, 386 scientific articles published during 1960–2021 focusing on the Amazonas region were evaluated. Although Amazonas is the third poorest region in Peru, scientific production in this region has largely increased (CAGR2001-2021 = 16.4%). However, women and indigenous authors are underrepresented suggesting a unilateral knowledge transfer. The highest scientific contribution was reported for component 1 of the CRDP (58%), centering on topics about the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Scientific research focusing on the Amazonas region fails to fully aboard the overall sustainable components of the CRDP. Social sciences are clearly understudied. It is the role of regional institutions (government, universities, industry, non-profit, etc.) to ensure the extension of research topics covering other dimensions of scientific knowledge and social needs. Conclusively, it is pending that local policymakers take into consideration emerging disciplines that can provide an updated perspective in developmental policies in the Amazonas region.


The condition of the river Tsna near Tambov is considered. The content of basic polluting substances is analyzed. Using the index of water impurity, the water quality in the river is estimated.


Objective To investigate the effects of thoracic epidural blockade on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by oleic acid in piglets. Methods Fourteen healthy piglets of either sex, weighing 30-35 kg were used in this study, Anesthesia was induced with ketamine and thiopental, and maintained with IV infusion of thiopental and fentanyl and intermitten IV boluses of pancuronium after tracheal intubation, The animals were mechanically ventilated (FiO2 = 1, VT = 10-15 ml·kg-1 , RR = 16 bpm, I: E = 1 : 2), The catheter was inserted at T3,4 interspace and advanced 5 cm into the epidural space cephalad, The internal carotid artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and blood sampling. Swan-Ganz catheter was placed in pulmonary artery via right internal jugular vein, Oleic acid 0.1 ml·kg-1 in 20 ml of normal saline was infused via internal jugular vein, ALI was considered to have been induced when PaO2/FiO2≤200 mm Hg, Arterial blood gases, MAP, MPAP, PVR, SVR, CO, Qs/Qt were measured and calculated before induction of ALI (baseline), when ALI was induced (T0 ) and at 1, 2, 3, 4 h after T0 (T1-4 ) , The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: group A received 0.25 % ropivacaine 5 ml via epidural catheter at T0 followed by infusion of 0.25 % ropivacaine at 2 ml·h-1 for 4 h, and group B received normal saline instead of ropivacaine, The animals were killed at 4 h after epidural ropivacaine, The lungs were removed for light and electron microscopic examination. Results Intravenous oleic acid caused significant increase in MPAP, PVR, SVR and Qs/Qt and decrease in CO and PaO2, and produced ultramicrostructural pathologic changes of the lung tissue. Thoracic epidural blockade significantly, improved respiratory function and attenuated the damage to the lung ultramicrostructure. Conclusion Thoracic epidural blockade can attenuate oleic acid-induced ALI.


While the literature on external debt repayment performance by sovereign debtors is extensive, repayment performance vis-a-vis the International Monetary Fund has not been dealt with separately. Given differences between the Fund and other providers of financial resources, this paper considers whether it is possible to distinguish through logit analysis between the countries that make timely repayments to the Fund and those that become overdue. The paper finds that the inclusion of Fund-specific financial variables and a small number of macroeconomic variables yields a highly significant econometric model of the probability of a country incurring Fund arrears.


In an earlier study heart rate variability (HRV) recordings after cyclic meditation (CM) suggested a shift towards vagal dominance. In a separate study, CM improved the performance in a task for attention. Generally, attention tasks result in sympathetic activation. The present study was intended to assess whether CM would change the autonomic status when practitioners performed an attention task, with simultaneous HRV recording Methods: Twenty-five male volunteers with group average age ± S.D., 23.9 ± 5.0 years were each assessed on three separate days in three sessions, (i) CM, (ii) supine rest (S R), and (iii) quiet sitting (QS). Each session was for 23 minutes. Simultaneous assessments were made before and after each of the three sessions and included the HRV, respiratory rate and performance in the Stroop task. Results: Following CM the LF power increased and HF power decreased (P < 0.05). There was an increase in the word scores, color scores and color-word scores of the Stroop task (P < 0.001, Repeated measures ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc analyses). Conclusion: The results suggest that there was reduced parasympathetic activity after CM and possibly increased sympathetic activity, when participants simultaneously performed the Stroop task. Their improved performance in the Stroop task suggests better response inhibition, interference resolution, word reading and activation along with reduced physiological arousal based on HF power of the HRV.


the treatment of mineral water with silver allows to significantly extend its shelf life without deteriorating its organoleptic properties, which makes it possible to use mineral water away from the natural deposit and is critical for business and the end consumer. However, possible changes in the physiological properties of mineral waters when treated with silver have not been studied until now. We have carried out a preclinical double-blind randomized placebo-controlled, experimental study, during which the effect of treatment with silver sulfate at a dose of 0.02 mg / liter (according to the EAEU tR 044–2017 regulation) of natural mineral water of sulphate-hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium (Russia, Stavropol territory, deposit "Slavyanovskaya", well No. 69 bis) for cellular metabolism, microcirculation and micro-lymphocyte when applied externally to the area of the inner surface of the forearm. A comparison of the effect on cell metabolism and microcirculation has been made for applications with native mineral water "Slavyanovskaya", "Slavyanovskaya, enriched with silver sulfate" and placebo (tap water) after 30 minutes and after 24 hours. Number of patients: 15. Number of studies by location: 45. the results were monitored using the LAZMA St device. the study carried out simultaneous registration of diagnostic parameters of blood microcirculation, lymph microcirculation, as well as fluorescence amplitudes of coenzymes participating in oxidative metabolism reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). It was revealed that the mineral water "Slavyanovskaya enriched with silver" differs in its physiological effect on cellular metabolism, microcirculation and micro-lymph flow from the physiological effect of the mineral water "Slavyanovskaya", namely that, compared to "Slavyanovskaya", the mineral water "Slavyanovskaya enriched with silver" has a more pronounced positive effect on cellular metabolism, metabolic reserves of the cell, promotes the activation of microcirculation and micro-lymphatic flow. Mineral water "Slavyanovskaya, enriched with silver" has a longer effect on cellular metabolism, microcirculation and micro-lymphatic flow than mineral water "Slavyanovskaya". A statistically significant positive effect of cell metabolism activation was detected both 30 minutes and 24 hours after exposure. thus, this method of processing mineral water with silver sulfate not only does not decrease its positive physiological effect, but also improves it, prolonging its action, which makes further use of silver preparations in the processing of mineral water justified.


Peculiarities of transmission of Spanish toponyms in Russian literature The article deals with peculiarities of transmission of Spanish toponyms in Russian literature. As the title implies the article describes different types of transmission of proper nouns, such as transcription, transliteration and the use of auxiliary language (for example, French or German). Much attention is giving to specific cross-cultural function of toponyms in translation as a specific linguistic unit which has a special component that is clear to representatives of only one or more language communities, usually grouped geographically. Also there is complexity and diversity of the concept of "translation of proper names", which is not completely accurate with respect to linguistic units of a similar level. The difference between the terms translation and transmission should be stressed because toponym describes some specific place of one linguistic community and can't be translated in other. Data are given about adaptation of Spanish toponyms in texts of Russian literature of different centuries and recommendation are given for more optimal transmission.


A road sign detection method is proposed, using 2 simple 3-layered neural networks. Multiple preprocessing steps are taken for masking the irrelevant areas and selecting the candidate areas from an original input color images, and both neural networks are modules for this selection process. One network is for matching a color of an input pixel with a road sign, and the other is for matching a shape of an input object. The final recognition is given by a template matching, and an auxiliary re-detection step is added to improve the efficiency. The experiments using a large number of pictured images under several different conditions show the high detection rates over 95% in most cases, while the computational cost is low owing to the smallness and the simplicity of the neural networks.


Results of Computerized Axial Tomography with or without intravenous contrast (60% Conroy) in 47 patients with metastatic brain tumor were analyzed. Twelve patients had lesions of the lung and eleven carcinoma of the breast. Ten other primary sites are represented in this series. These data were compared to isotope brain scan (Tc99) done in 31 and angiography in 17 of these same patients. A total of 67 tumors were demonstrated. Thirty-eight patients had single metastasis. Without the use of contrast, 47/66 tumors were identified on computerized axial tomography. An additional 19 tumors were positively demonstrated by use of intravenous contrast. In the 35 patients given the contrast agent, 34/49 lesions revealed enhancement. Peri-tumor edema was demonstrable in 61 lesions. In the cases available for comparison (17) there was little demonstrable correlation between hypervascularity as seen on angiography and contrast medium enhancement. Five of thirty eight tumors found on computerized axial tomography were not identified by Tc99 scan. The area of increased uptake on Tc99 scan was larger than measurments of the tumor in 29/33 lesions but smaller than the area of peri-tumor edema in all but 2 instances. This study reveals that in neoplasms metastatic to brain, computerized axial tomography is superior to Tc99 scan in regard to diagnosis, determination of tumor size and extent of edema.


Given the economic, social and environmental importance of estuaries in NW Tasmania there is a need for baseline and ongoing assessment of estuarine condition. With an appropriate monitoring program, managers can use the information gathered to underpin better management decisions, targeting any problem areas and thereby maintain or improve the condition of estuaries in the region.


From recent experimental work at Cambridge, Eng., it is shown that atmospherics originating from different geographical localities are systematically different in character, even when the distances of propagation are the same and there is no reason to anticipate appreciable dissimilarities in the ionospheres along the respective propagation paths. Detailed and precise information is given of how these "geographical" effects may be traced by recording and classifying types of waveforms. It is also shown that the effects are apparent for observations of atmospherics at fixed frequencies between 0.65 and 27 kc. No attempt is made to assign a reason for the geographical phenomena, but the most promising approach would seem to be by considering differences in the conductivity of the earth's surface, and in particular, those between land and sea.


The macromolecular self assembly was discussed. The methods of forming macromolecular self assembly films were presented, including chemisorb based on the covalent interaction between macromolecular and the metal substrate, molecular deposition which is applicable in polyelectrolyte, spin coating, slow evaporation of solvent and tether of macromolecular on the substrate which are mainly applicable in amphiphilic macromolecular and block copolymer respectively. In other hand, the application perspectives of macromolecular self assembly in material science were also presented, such as polymer crystals, polymer light emitting diodes, non linear optical materials and polymer surface modification etc. Finally the characterizaiton of macromolecular self assembly were introduced.


In recent decades, public opinions and policy makers have emphasized issues of internal security to such an extent that in many Western countries, including Italy, the usage of the Armed Forces in supporting t public order has become a common practice. In this essays the author has investigated the complex dynamics of so-called "blurring" between two institutions (Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Agencies) otherwise irreducible in their differentiation, a phenomenon that is taking place according to different trends.


Tourism demand is severely affected by unpredicted events, which has prompted scholars to examine ways of predicting the effects of positive and negative shocks on tourism, to ensure a sustainable tourism industry. The purpose of this study was to investigate if non-linear dependence structures exist between tourist flows into South Korea from five major source countries, as South Korea has undergone fluctuations in tourist arrivals due to diverse circumstances and has complex relations with tourism source countries. Additionally, the study examines the structures of extreme tail dependence, which is indicated in the case of unexpected events, and identifies how co-movements vary over time through dynamic copula–GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) tests. The secondary time series data for the 2005–2019 period of tourist arrivals to Korea were derived from the Korea Tourism Knowledge and Information System for testing the copula models. The copula estimations indicate significant dependencies among all market pairs as well as the strongest dependence between China and Taiwan. Moreover, extreme tail dependence structures show co-movements for four pairs of tourism markets in only negative shocks, for five pairs in both positive and negative conditions, but no co-movement in the China–Taiwan pair. Finally, the dynamic dependence structures reveal that the China–Taiwan dependence is higher than the other time-varying dependence structures, implying that the two markets complement each other.


We fabricate air‐stable n‐type, ambipolar carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNFETs), and use them in nanoscale memory cells. Room temperature transport and Coulomb Blockade data indicate that these CNFETs behave similarly to metallic nanotubes at "degenerate" electrostatic doping. Extreme sensitivity of the CNFET channel to nearby charge is harnessed to construct data storage elements that operate at the few‐electron level. We probe the influence of defects on electron transport in CNFETs by combined scanning gate microscopy (SGM) and scanning impedance microscopy (SIM). Depletion surface potential of individual defects is quantified from the SGM‐imaged defect radius as a function of tip bias voltage. This provides a measure of the Fermi level at the defect with zero tip voltage.


Rapidly changing current tenologica is pushing to make conscientious archivist of the new tecnologais tulidad as well as automated techniques for information retrieval in the development of their work. Quickly begin analyzing this exchange enorno which includes factors such as the evolution of the media, the way you work or new user requirements for framing the field of development of this communication. Subsequently and in connection with the recent debut of the review of the translation of the Model requirements for the management of archival documents (hereinafter MoReq specification), try to frame the automated retrieval of information and documents in the field the archives. The study was aimed at clarifying the concepts on this subject, contained in chapter eight of the specification MoReq


This article presents a didactic strategy aimed at developing student teachers' personal learning environments (PLEs) with a self-regulated learning (SRL) approach. The strategy is framed in the Dabbagh and Kitsantas (2012) model, which relates Zimmerman' SRL cycle (forethought, performance, self-reflection) to the three levels of social media usage (personal information management, social interaction and collaboration, and information aggregation and management). A learning scenario was implemented to facilitate SRL skills through information management. The participants were 241 students of Education at the University of Balearic Islands (Spain) and data was collected through a questionnaire designed to explore tool usage and their perceptions of the effectiveness of those tools for information management tasks. Data analysis allows the observation of some patterns in the usage of information management tools in the diverse learning scenarios. In the conclusions challenges such as resistance and traditional assessment focus are identified; affordances for transferability of the acquired skills to other contexts are highlighted and further educational implementation and research are suggested. With this work, a model applicable to other contexts is provided, and a didactic strategy for the management of information based on the PLE and the SRL is presented.


This is a book review of Unfolding narratives of Ubuntu in Southern Africa, edited by Julian Muller, John Eliastam and Sheila Trahar, UK, Routledge, 2019. ISBN 1138483095.


Substantial progress is being made under the Government's strategy on adult homelessness, Homelessness - an Integrated Strategy (May 2000), in addressing the needs of people who are homeless and in assisting them to move to accommodation that is more suitable to their needs. This has been done through the recognition that homelessness is not just about accommodation, but that health, care and welfare, education and training, and prevention needs be addressed if homelessness is to be tackled effectively. This Homeless Preventative Strategy focuses on people leaving institutional care, whether custodial or health related, and young people leaving care. It is an important I element of the Government's overall strategy on tackling homelessness. The Departments of Justice, Equality and Law Reform; Health and Children; and Education and Science have each participated in the preparation of this strategy under the aegis of the Cross Department Team on Homelessness with the objective of ensuring that people leaving institutions under their auspices do not become homeless. The main theme throughout is the need to ensure that no one is released or discharged from state care without the appropriate measures in place to ensure that they have a suitable place to live with the necessary supports, if needed.


Whilst the analysis of strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of human remains enables mobility patterns and migration events to be identified archaeologically, its potential is dependent on the heterogeneity of the underlying geology in the research area, and the knowledge of 87Sr/86Sr ratio variation in the biologically available strontium. In Lithuanian archaeology, strontium isotope analysis has only been relatively recently undertaken (2019–2020). In this paper we discuss the potential of the method, and its application to materials from the Stone Age burial grounds of Donkalnis and Spiginas located on former islands in the Lake Biržulis region, western Lithuania.

Keywords: Strontium isotope analysis, migration, mobility, Stone Age, Lake Biržulis.


A generalized recursive circulant network(GR) is widely used in the design and implementation of local area networks and parallel processing architectures. In this paper, we investigate the routing of a message on this network, that is a key to the performance of this network. We would like to transmit maximum number of packets from a source node to a destination node simultaneously along paths on this network, where the i th packet traverses along the i th path. In order for all packets to arrive at the destination node securely, the i th path must be node-disjoint from all other paths. For construction of these paths, employing the Hamiltonian Circuit Latin Square(HCLS), a special class of (n x n) matrices, we present O(n 2 ) parallel routing algorithm on generalized recursive circulant networks.


Photodechlorination of Aroclor 1254 (1000 mg/L) in an
alkaline 2-propanol solution at \lambda = 254 nm proceeded with a high quantum yield (\phi = 35.0) as determined by C1-
release. The Aroclor was completely dechlorinated in 30
min and gave predominantly biphenyl (BP). After 20 h
of solar irradiation, only partial dechlorination (25%) was
observed, and no BP was formed. In the presence of
phenothiazine (PT) sensitizer (5 mM) the Aroclor was
completely dechlorinated to BP in 1 h at 350 nm (\phi = 2.33) and in 4 h by exposure to sunlight. Under the same conditions, Aroclor 1254 extracts of contaminated soil (730
mg/L) were dechlorinated in 2 h at 350 nm (\phi = 0.28) and
in 20 h on exposure to sunlight. The photoreaction was
completely quenched by oxygen and nitrobenzene (0.1 M).
Moreover the Aroclor was thermally (ca. 80 "C) dechlorinated
to BP using di-tert-butyl peroxide. A free-radical chain reaction was suggested in which the aryl radical anion, Ar(*-)-Cl, was a key intermediate in the dechlorination process.


by Peggy McIntosh Through work to bring materials from Women's Studies into the rest of the curriculum, I have often noticed men's unwillingness to grant that they are over-privileged, even though they may grant that women are disadvantaged. They may say that they will work to improve women's status, in the society, the university, or the curriculum, but they can't or won't support the idea of lessening men's. Denials which amount to taboos surround the subject of advantages which men gain from women's disadvantages. These denials protect male privilege from being fully acknowledged, lessened or ended. Thinking through unacknowledged male privilege as a phenomenon, I realized that since hierarchies in our society are interlocking, there was most likely a phenomenon of white privilege which was similarly denied and protected. As a white person, I realized I had been taught about racism as something which puts others at a disadvantage, but had been taught not to see one of its corollary aspects, white privilege, which puts me at an advantage. I think whites are carefully taught not to recognize white privilege, as males are taught not to recognize


The paper presents the results of a bathymetric survey carried out in the Posyet Gulf in 2009–2010. Topography of the bay is built with the help of data interpolation. The results of statistical analysis of the singular spectrum of the surface and the decomposition of Daubechies wavelets allowed us to substantiate and determine in the relief of the Posyet Gulf the subspace with the main tectonic structure and the subspace with forms that have arisen during the period of sedimentation in the sea approach to the modern shoreline.


A term relation extraction approach was proposed.It was cast as a classification task.The hybrid classification algorithm combining the advantages of both naive bayes and perceptron was also presented.In this algorithm,a subset of the features was estimated from training data,and another subset of the features was trained by discriminative function.The experimental results showed that the proposed hybrid algorithm almost always outperforms the na(i|¨)ve bayes algorithms and perceptron algorithms when the training set is small.