Background Although our understanding of superior labral anterior posterior lesions has grown, the physical diagnosis remains imperfect. Study Design Cohort study (diagnostic); Level of evidence, 2. Purpose To determine the most effective provocative maneuver with which to diagnose superior labral anterior posterior lesions. Methods A series of 132 consecutive patients scheduled to undergo diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy were examined preoperatively over a 6-month period, and the final diagnosis in each case was made arthroscopically. The following assessments were included: active compression (O'Brien), anterior slide, pain provocation, crank, Jobe relocation, Hawkins, Neer, Speed, and Yergason tests. Results The most sensitive diagnostic tools for type II superior labral lesions were the active compression, Hawkins, Speed, Neer, and Jobe relocation tests. When type I and type II lesions were combined, the results were similar. However, none of the sensitive tests were specific for either type I or type II lesions. Conclusions The authors' results contradict the current literature regarding provocative testing for both stable and unstable superior labral lesions. There is no single maneuver that can accurately diagnose superior labral anterior posterior lesions; arthroscopy remains the standard by which to diagnose such lesions.


The cost of obtaining genome-scale biomedical data continues to drop rapidly, with many hospitals and universities being able to produce large amounts of data. Managing and analysing such ever-growing datasets is becoming a crucial issue. Cloud computing presents a good solution to this problem due to its flexibility in obtaining computational resources. However, it is essential to allow end-users with no experience to take advantage of the cloud computing model of elastic resource provisioning. This paper presents a workflow that allows the end user to perform the core steps of a genome wide association analysis, consisting of 1) uploading raw data files to the cloud, 2) genotype calling, i.e. converting the raw data into information on genome variation 3) quality assessment of the genotype data and subsequent filtering based on user-provided parameters and 4) downloading the filtered genotype data in a standard file format. A number of steps in this process are computationally intensive; moreover, the computational resources involved vary greatly depending on the size of the study, from a few samples to a few thousand. Therefore cloud computing provides an ideal solution to this problem. The paper describes in detail how the pipeline was implemented, focussing on the cloud infrastructure and the different tools and software involved for software management and GUI construction. The key contributions of this paper are: 1a) iIt presents a real world application of cloud-computing to address a critical problem in biomedicine, . 2b) iIt provides a thorough description of how such a pipeline was implemented, in terms of data management and user-interface, such that the end-user does not need to focus on the computational aspect but can instead concentrate on data analysis and biological interpretation of results, and. c3) wWe show how cloud-computing can be used in a more effective way through the parallelisation of the appropriate parts of the pipeline.


The essence of the concept of «motivational mechanism» is revealed. It is noted that the motivational mechanism is an ordered collection of motives aimed at achieving the enterprise's goal. The structure and complexity of the motivation mechanism is adequate to the structure and complexity of the company's goals. Modern methods of work motivation and their influence on the effectiveness of employees' activities are considered. All methods of labor motivation are divided into three groups: 1) economic (direct) – piece rate payment, hourly payment, bonuses for rationalization, profit sharing, payment of training, payments for maximum use of working time; 2) economic (indirect) – subsidized food, additional payments for seniority, subsidized use of housing, transport, etc.; 3) non-monetary – job enrichment, flexible work schedules, labor protection, programs to improve the quality of work, promotion, participation in decision-making at the highest level. The stages of the system of motivating employees at the enterprise are defined. The first stage is the development and implementation of material and moral stimulation methods. During the design of the motivation system, special attention must be paid to the processes affecting the competitiveness of products. This involves the development of the second stage – a system of motivating employees in the direction of creative activity. At the second stage, they propose to improve the system of motivating employees, which will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise. The third stage is characterized by the creation of a general motivation system based on the prepared philosophy of quality and involves profound changes in the understanding of the quality of work. Three approaches to the selection of the company's motivational strategy are distinguished: incentive and punishment; motivation through work; systematic communication with the manager. General principles and features of work motivation models in developed countries of the world are disclosed. The main areas of improvement of the socio-economic mechanism of motivation of the personnel of the company in the field of postal communication (improvement of the wage system; improvement of the work organization; introduction of the system of accrual of bonuses for years of service) have been determined.


Objective To investigate the effect of sufentanil on contraction and anti peroxidative ability of thoracic aorta isolated from rats with diabetes mellitus.Methods Eight male rats with diabetes were decapitated and their thoracic aorta were i solated.The aortic rings obtained from diabetes rat were divided into 4 groups(n=8):control group and 3 sufentanil groups (7×10-11,2×10-10,1×10-9 mol/L).Vitro vascular experimental method was used to observe the effect of different concentrations of sufentanil on the norepinephrine(NE)-induced contraction of thoracic aorta from diabetic rats and the content of nitrogen monoxide(NO),maleic dialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) on the vascular ring.Results The contraction amplitude of 3 sufentanil groups was orderly (25.4±4.0)%,(21.3±3.5)% and (17.4±2.4)%.The SOD activity of 3 sufentanil groups was orderly (3.8±1.2),(4.9±0.8) U/mgprot and (6.1±0.3) U/mgprot.The contraction amplitude of thoracic aorta from 3 sufentanil groups was significantly lesser than that from control group,the level of SOD activity was higher in 3 sufentanil groups than in control group.Sufentanil significantly inhibited the NE-induced aortic contraction and changed the SOD activity in proportion to concentration.Conclusions Sufentanil can inhibit NE-induced contraction and change the anti peroxidative ability of thoracic aorta isolated from rats with diabetes mellitus in a concentration-dependent manner.

Key words:
Sufentanil;  Diabetes mellitus;  Nitrogen monoxide;  Maleic dialdehyde;  Superoxide dismutase


This paper investigates whether in Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) a relationship exists between anatomical features of earlywood vessels, which may contribute to weakening the wood, and the incidence of ring shake. The study compared two groups of 30 wood discs with and without ring shake, collected in three coppice stands in Southern Switzerland. Shake-prone stems are not characterised by more numerous and wider earlywood vessel lumina than the shake-free ones. Hence the hypothesis that ring shake is favoured by the weakening effect of earlywood cell lumina is rejected.


In this paper, we developed a collocation method based on cubic B-spline for solving nonlinear inverse parabolic partial differential equations as the following form begin{align*} u_{t} &= [f(u),u_{x}]_{x} + varphi(x,t,u,u_{x}),,quadquad 0 < x < 1,,,, 0 leq t leq T, end{align*} where $f(u)$ and $varphi$ are smooth functions defined on $mathbb{R}$. First, we obtained a time discrete scheme by approximating the first-order time derivative via forward finite difference formula, then we used cubic B-spline collocation method to approximate the spatial derivatives and Tikhonov regularization method for solving produced ill-posed system. It is proved that the proposed method has the order of convergence $O(k+h^2)$. The accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated by applying it on three test problems. Figures and comparisons have been presented for clarity. The aim of this paper is to show that the collocation method based on cubic B-spline is also suitable for the treatment of the nonlinear inverse parabolic partial differential equations.


The aim of this paper is to offer an analysis of indeed in contemporary spoken and written British English. Indeed belongs to a class of ''adverbial'' items variously referred to as ''discourse markers'', ''pragmatic markers'', ''discourse particles'', ''pragmatic particles'', ''pragmatic expressions'', or ''connectives'', among others. In this paper, the label ''discourse marker'' (DM) will be used, following Deborah Schiffrin, and also Andreas Jucker and Yael Ziv, because it seems to be the least restrictive one, thus including a variety of elements which other terms do not. It is a well-known fact that in English and other languages, adverbs tend to develop a multiplicity of meanings depending on the surrounding context, and often shift from being elements tightly integrated into the clause (so-called clause-internal adverbials), as in (1)–(3) below, to sentence adverbials (SAdvs; cf. [4]–[6]) and ultimately discourse markers (DMs; cf. [7]), in accordance with a cline of directionality first proposed by Elizabeth Traugott and illustrated in Table 1:


The primary objectives of this paper are to analyze and discuss the development of Malaysian SMEs and their role, as well as various contributions, in the national economy. The paper goes further by reviewing extant literature to identify the major challenges facing this sector in Malaysia as well as government policies aimed at the development of SMEs. We find that, while the government has implemented many programs to strengthen the performance of SMEs in the economy, Malaysian SMEs still face many challenges, both domestic and external, which could hinder their resilience and competitiveness. A number of strategies which could assist them to access new markets, increase their revenues and expand their customer bases are identified.


Harcourt's Buildings on the corner of Panama Street and Lambton Quay, Wellington, showing signs for the business of Harcourt & Co and the shop windows of The Grand Hosiery Box. The business of Preston & Thompson is on the left in Panama Street, and is next door to the building of the New Zealand Free Lance magazine. Hamilton Chambers and the T & G Building are on Lambton Quay on the right. A corner of the DIC building is on the left. Photograph taken by William Hall Raine circa 1930s.
Hamilton Chambers was built 1929-1930. The architect was F D Stewart.
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).


Abstract Background Norovirus is a major cause of endemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. We described the epidemiology, risk factors, and genotypic distribution of noroviruses among hospitalized patients of all ages in Bangladesh. Methods From March 2018 to October 2021, 1250 AGE case patients and controls (age, sex, season, and site matched) were enrolled at 10 hospitals. Demographic and clinical information was collected; real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) used to test stool specimens, and positive samples were genotyped. Results Norovirus was detected in 9% of cases (111 of 1250) and 15% (182 of 1250) of controls. Eighty-two percent of norovirus-positive cases were in children <5 years old. Norovirus-positive AGE hospitalizations occurred year-round, with peaks in April and October. Risk factors for norovirus included age <5 years (adjusted odds ratio, 3.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.9–5.2]) and exposure to a patient with AGE in the 10 days before enrollment (3.8 [1.9–7.2]). GII.3[P16] and GII.4 Sydney[P16] were the predominant genotypes. Conclusions We highlight the burden of norovirus in hospital settings. Young age and recent exposure to a patient with AGE were risk factors for norovirus. A high prevalence of norovirus among controls might represent asymptomatic reinfections or prolonged shedding from a previous infection; carefully designed longitudinal studies are needed to improve our understanding of norovirus infections in Bangladesh.


Let R be a ring. A right R -module M is called pseudo nonessential principally injective (briefly, pseudo NP -injective) if, for each nonessential principal right ideal kR of R, any R -monomorphism from kR to M can be extended to an R -homomorphism from R to M. If R R is pseudo NP -injective, then we call R a right pseudo NP -injective ring. In this paper, we give some characterizations and properties of right NP -injective rings. Mathematics Subject Classification: 13C10, 13C11, 13C60


The invention discloses a heavy oil hydrotreating catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The method for preparing the catalyst adopts a complete mixed kneading method; a carrier material comprises pseudo-boehmite glue powder and alumina powder; and an active metallic solution contains nonionic surfactant. The catalyst prepared by the method has the characteristics of large pore volume and pore diameter, proper specific surface area, even active metal dispersion and the like, and can be used in the processes of heavy oil hydrodemetalization, hydrodesulfurization and the like.


The DP finishing agents were prepared by free radical polymerization with maleic acid,maleic anhydride and itaconic acid reacting in presence of peroxide.The process formulation and conditions by using PMA on cotton fabric were optimized by orthogonal test and the fabric properties were measured.They were PMA 80g/L and SHP 24g/L,with baking temperature at 160℃ and pH at 4.In order to improve the wrinkle recovery angle,the finishing agents composite of CA and TiO2 with PMA were used in DP finishing for cotton fabric.The result showed that the breaking strength,tearing strength and WRA of the finished fabric increased with the increment of the concentration of CA.If the concentration of CA was higher,the whiteness of the finished fabric would decline.Added nano-TiO2 improved WRA.


The utility model relates to a cross-linked polyethylene insulated power cable. The cross-linked polyethylene insulated power cable comprises a conductor, wherein an insulating layer is arranged outside the conductor, a filling layer is arranged outside the insulating layer, an inner sheath layer is arranged outside the filling layer, an armouring layer is arranged outside the inner sheath layer, and an outer sheath layer is arranged outside the armouring layer; and the thickness of the insulating layer ranges from 1 to 1.2 mm, the thickness of the inner sheath layer ranges from 0.6 to 1 mm, and the thickness of the outer sheath layer ranges from 1.8 to 2.1 mm. The cross-linked polyethylene insulated power cable disclosed by the utility model is long in service life, good in insulating effect, and high in overall strength.


A comprehensive account is given of the behavior of the eigenvalues of Mathieu's equation as functions of the complex variable q. The convergence of their small-q expansions is limited by an infinite sequence of rings of branch points of square-root type at which adjacent eigenvalues of the same type become equal. New asymptotic formulae are derived that account for how and where the eigenvalues become equal. Known asymptotic series for the eigenvalues apply beyond the rings of branch points; we show how they can now be identified with specific eigenvalues.


The effect of Cu on the magnetic properties of slowly cooled Nd60−xFe20Al10Co10Cux (0⩽x⩽10) bulk amorphous alloys has been studied by room-temperature magnetic measurements. Ferromagnetic bulk amorphous Nd60Fe20Al10Co10 cylinders of 3 mm diameter and 50 mm in length with a coercivity of 298 kA m−1 were obtained by copper mold casting. The addition of 1 at. % Cu into the Nd60Fe20Al10Co10 alloy causes an increase in coercivity to 321 kA m−1. Further addition of Cu by replacing neodymium, however, results in an abrupt decrease in coercivity to 41 kA m−1 for alloys with x=10 due to the precipitation of a Fe-rich magnetically soft Nd(Fe, Co, Al)2 phase. The improvement of the hard magnetic properties by the addition of 1 at. % Cu for the cast Nd60Fe20Al10Co10 based bulk amorphous alloys may be attributed to an enhanced clustering of Nd–(Fe, Co) pairs in the amorphous alloys.


Vinylogous epoxyaldehydes undergo stereospecific Wittig condensations in high yields. The resulting diolefinic epoxides are cleaved at the C(1)–C(2) single bond, when treated with periodic acid, to give the corresponding aldehydes. Direct transformation into the corresponding ethyl-ester leads to an efficient synthesis of the 'pear ester'.


This paper identifies and explains a potential tension between a firm's emphasis on customer orientation (CO) and the extent to which employees value CO as a success factor for individual performance. Based on self‐determination theory and CO implementation research, the authors propose that firm CO may represent both autonomous and controlled motivations for CO, but that employees' CO is more strongly linked to individual performance when employees experience solely autonomous motivation. Hence, the authors expect a substitution effect whereby the link between employees' CO and their performance is weaker when firm CO is high. Furthermore, the authors examine a boundary condition for the previous hypothesis and propose that performance‐contingent rewards have a positive effect on the internalization of the extrinsic motivation stemming from firm CO. Two multilevel studies with 979 employees and 201 top management team members from 132 firms support these hypotheses. Against previous research, these findings offer a new perspective on the effectiveness of CO initiatives, propose employees' motivational states as the theoretical explanation for the heterogeneity in the link between employee CO and performance, and reappraise the role of performance‐contingent rewards in CO research. Managerial implications for the effective implementation of customer‐oriented initiatives within firms are provided.


The vegetation cover peculiarities and species composition in the aboriginal dark coniferous plantations damaged by the economy activities that are recovering after clear cutting with species succession and clear cutting without species succession are considered.


This paper provides a literature review on vapor compression-absorption integrated refrigeration systems. A number of research options are suggested by researchers to integrate vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) with vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS). Each way has its own pros and cons. Present work provides a detailed review on working, parametric study, advantages and disadvantages of various configurations of vapor compression-absorption integrated refrigeration systems.


For a study on application of FRP (fiber reinforced plastics) in 35 kV power transmission tower,this paper,on the basis of a 35 kV power transmission project in Shandong province,explores the design method of FRP towers for 35 kV power transmission through full scale test and ANSYS FEA from the aspect of tower selection,material selection,structural design and node optimization.The result shows that the design method is safe and reliable for 35 kV power transmission FRP tower,which provides a technical reference for engineering application.


Study of Mineral Fouling and Fouling Mitigation on Heat Exchanger SurfacesHeat ExchangersProcess Heat TransferStudy of Heat Transfer and Fouling of Heat Transfer Surfaces in the Deep OceanStudy of Milk Fouling and Cleaning on Heat Exchanger SurfacesDevelopments in Heat TransferCrude Oil FoulingFouling of Heat-exchanger SurfacesFouling Science and TechnologyFouling of Heat Transfer SurfacesHeat ExchangersFouling of Heat Transfer EquipmentCompact Heat ExchangersStudy of Mineral Fouling on Heat Exchanger SurfacesSupercritical Fluids as Solvents and Reaction MediaEngineering Foundation ConferencesCompact Heat ExchangersHeat Transfer: ExercisesNumerical modeling and simulation of particulate fouling on structured heat transfer surfaces using multiphase Eulerian-Lagrangian LESA Laboratory Method to Study the Fouling of Heat Exchange Surfaces by Biological FluidsEffect of Fouling on Performance of Exchangers Cooled by Air. Ramifications for Exchanged Heat and Cooling EffectivenessInverse Heat Conduction and Heat ExchangersFouling and Fouling Mitigation on Heat Exchanger SurfacesMilk Fouling in Heat ExchangersTwo-Phase Flow Heat ExchangersVDI Heat AtlasComposite Fouling on Heat Exchanger SurfacesCorrosion-fouling on Heat Transfer SurfacesHeat Exchangers Basics Design ApplicationsCompact Heat Exchangers for Energy Transfer IntensificationEnergy Management and Efficiency for the Process IndustriesFouling of Heat Exchange Surfaces by Skim MilkFundamentals of Heat Exchanger DesignFouling of Heat ExchangersHeat Exchanger FoulingFouling of heat exchanger surfacesFouling of Heat ExchangersFouling of Heat Transfer EquipmentStudy of Mineral Fouling on Heat Exchanger SurfaceFouling and Its Mitigation on Heat Exchanger Surfaces by Additives and Catalytic Materials


Football sports often suffer from sports injury,which bring about many perplexing problem for football players′training and competition,so that scientific training and normal competitions can not go under a smooth way,which has seriously prevented the football level from constant improving.The location of injury is more in the lower limbs,the most common injuries are ankle strain.Inadequate warm-ups before competition in combative events,unreasonable arrangement of training,insufficient methods,incorrect skill movements,and the rate of sports injury is found to be higher.So put forward the preventive measures in order to decrease the occurrences of such injuries.


The article highlights the main historical stages of development of such a form of violence as terrorism, considers the premises of its popularization. The aspects of the terrorism ideological platform are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the theses of the program "The Terrorist Struggle" developed by N.A. Morozov, in which, according to the author, Morozov carried out ideological designing of the terrorist activity in the form of calls for the physical elimination of government representatives.


The chapter presents the results of historical accident data on BRT L1 that have occurred in Mexico City from 2015-2020. Some of the key findings were the following: 1) A total of 1,769 accidents have occurred in the period of analysis (2015-2020); the most critical years in terms of the frequency of accident occurrence have been 2016 (27%) and 2019 (21.2%), and as expected, the least critical year was 2020 (7.1%). 2) The most critical seasons of the year have been the following: spring (27.1%) and summer (26.5%); the less critical seasons were winter (23.2%) and autumn (23.1%). 3) The results also highlighted that accident occurrence decreases sharply at the weekends (15.8%). The main conclusion of the analysis is that 64% of accidents occurred during peak hours causing traffic congestion and negative effects on health and to the environment. More research is needed to incorporate data from 2014 to 2020 for the case of the other six existing BRT lines. Further, some relevant statistical significance tests on the data are needed.


This article examines the formalization of rainwater harvesting (RWH) and the implications of new policy trends for water governance. Analysis of 96 RWH policies across the United States indicates three trends: (1) the 'codification' of water through administrative rather than public law; (2) the institutionalization of RWH through market-based tools; and (3) the rise of policies at different spatial scales, resulting in greater institutional complexity, new bureaucratic actors, and potential points of friction. Drawing on the cases of Colorado and Texas, the article argues that states with diverse legal traditions of water enable more successful regulatory environments for downspout alternatives.


To the Editor: The potential for cancer to develop at the sites of chronic wounds was described in 1828 by Marjolin.1 We report a skin cancer in a 58-year-old woman at the site of the extravasation of doxorubicin, 10 years after the drug was administered. The patient underwent total gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma in 1982. The tumor involved the serous membrane of the stomach and two lymph nodes. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin (50 mg per square meter of body-surface area on day 1), mitomycin (10 mg per square meter on day 2), and fluorouracil (400 mg per square meter on . . .


Internship in PT WELLCOMM RITELINDO PRATAMA about 3 months. PT
WELLCOMM RITELINDO PRATAMA is brand cell phone accessories and gadgets leaders
in Indonesia, PT. Wellcomm Ritelindo Pratama founded in 2005.
The purpose of this internship is to learn and acquiring knowledge about the real
working experience, especially to find out about the recruitment process and selection
process in the company.
The internship report focused on recruitment and selection process of Sales Counter
in PT WELLCOMM RITELINDO PRATAMA. Recruitment process is an important to do to
obtain qualified Sales Promotion Girl / Sales Promotion Boy and to improve sales of
Wellcommshop.


Focusing on the indicating function of development of science and technology papers to innovation capability and innovation potential,this paper analyzes the absolute and relative regional differences among east,middle and west regions in our country respectively by the method of standard error and variation coefficient,based on the paper amount per ten thousand people.Then the paper tries to penetrate the reason of differences and puts forward a few implications.


Fusarium langsethiae is a fungus causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals such as oats and to a lesser extent barley and wheat. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for determination of F. langsethiae on samples of spring barley grain collected in the Czech Republic during 2007. Trial plots of wheat, barley and oats were inoculated with a mixture of two strains of F. langsethiae in field conditions. Visual evaluation of FHB on panicles and laboratory testing for presence of the T-2 toxin were conducted along with molecular diagnostics to indicate the presence of F. langsethiae DNA in the grain. Germination of F. langsethiae spores in darkness and under UV light was also tested. The dynamics of T-2 synthesis during the grain development and maturation were monitored in the spring barley variety Malz. F. langsethiae was found in 2 of 27 samples during screening. Inoculation was deemed unsuccessful because no presence of symptoms, fungal DNA or mycotoxins was confirmed in any of the inoculated crops. In evaluating germination of F. langsethiae spores, under UV light a shortening of the germ tube of 7.53% in comparison with the variant placed in darkness was detected. Although T-2 toxin was detected in harvested barley grain of the variety Malz (1989 µg kg -1 ), presence of F. langsethiae was not confirmed, but presence of F. poae from natural contamination was detected. The test of T-2 toxin's synthesis dynamics during ear maturation demonstrated onset of toxins creation in the milk stage and peaking at full maturity.


Non-Hodgkin Malignant Lymphomas are rare tumors, difficult to be diagnosed. We've made a clinical and paraclinical retrospective study, along 15 years (1990-2005), estimating the moment of onset, clinical and anatomo-pathological features, in each of the 11 cases.


Health risk index of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd)lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) have been determined on two vegetable samples ( Hibiscus cannabinus and Sesamumradiatum), grown in Bayara– Bauchi. The levels of the heavy metals in the soil w here the vegetables were grown were also determined . Atomic absorption spectrometer was used to estimate as well as evaluate the level of these heavy metal s in the vegetables and soil. This study include the mea sur ment of transfer factor (TF), daily dietary int ake (DDI), daily intake of metal (DIM), health risk ind ex (HIR) and target hazard quotient (THQ). The mean concentration of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn in Hibiscus cannabinuswere 3.05±0.01, 0.78±0.01, 0.12±0.01, 3.55±0.02 and 21.88±0.01 mg/kg, were 3.0±0.00,0.55± 0.02, ND, 0.22±0.01 , and 24.17±0.00 mg/kg in Sesamumradiatum and in the soil were 2.62±0.02, 6.50±0.01, ND, 1.67 ±0.02 and 26.55±0.03 mg/kg, respectively. All the values obtained were below th e permissible limit recommended by WHO/FAO except for Cd in both Hibiscus cannabinus and Sesamumradiatum. It is concluded that these vegetables are safe fo r public consumption as they do not contain the amoun t f the heavy metals that would constitute danger of metal poisoning. The HRI and THQ 1 indicated that there is potential health risk assoc iated with Cd. Precautionary measures should be taken to avoid bio accumulation and biotransformation of the heavy metals.


The cores of terrestrial planets are composed of a mixture that is predominantly Iron together with light impurities such as Sulphur, Oxygen or Silicon (see for example Stevenson, 1983). The temperature below which freezing takes place (the liquidus temperature) is a function of the concentration of impurity as well as of pressure. As the planet cools, due to the eeect of pressure, the liquidus temperature is reached rst at the centre of the ((uid) core (see for example Loper, 1984). When the concentration of impurity is small, the solid that freezes is almost pure Iron, with most of the impurity being left in the remaining uid. This segregation process leads to the growth of a dense solid inner core. The boundary between the solid inner core and the uid outer core is then a freezing interface and the segregation of the light impurity into the uid means that this interface is a source of compositionally buoyant uid (see for example Loper and Roberts, 1981). The latent heat released by the freezing process also contributes to the buoyancy but is believed to be a less eecient means of driving convection than the compositional buoyancy (see for example Gubbins et al, 1979). Compositionally driven convection is believed to be a (if not the) primary source of energy required to generate the Earth's magnetic eld, it may have been responsible for a strong lunar eld during the rst 10 9 years or so of its history, and it may be maintaining a weak eld in Mercury (see for example Merrill and McElhinny, 1983). In the cases of Venus and Mars (which both have extremely weak elds at present), core temperatures (for diierent reasons) have probably not yet fallen below the liquidus. In the future, further cooling may well result in the nucleation of an inner core and the emergence of a strong magnetic eld, generated by a compositionally driven dynamo. The compositional implications of the inner-core outer-core boundary (IOB) being a freezing interface were rst discussed by Braginsky (1963), but it took some time before the importance of compositionally driven convection became widely recognised (see for example Verhoogen, 1980). Even now, though, dynamo theories continue to use thermal buoyancy as the basis for their calculations (see for example Glatzmaier and Roberts, 1995). The justiication for this that is usually made is that density diierences due to compositional variations obey an equation that is …


This paper focuses on the experience of a mediation group in a writing workshop with homeless persons. Individual expression reveals the position of a subject and social actor in a group. The objective consists in repairing a failing social contract.


Fiber-reinforced composite materials are increasingly present in areas such as automotive, aeronautics, defense, sport, used due to their special mechanical characteristics and very good behavior under heavy working conditions. New mold design techniques (such as 3D printing technologies), processing (such as the use of robotic technologies), open new opportunities for future challenges. This paper represents research on analysis techniques for the design of composite materials products made of fiber-reinforced, research on the use of devices with feedback loop for mechanical cutting technologies, which allow intelligent dynamic adjustment of the processing regimes, analysis of manufacturing technologies used as unconventional processes for the implementation of inclusion components, economic judgments on advantages, disadvantages of the techniques and methods used.


Objective:To explore the regularity and clinical significance of T wave abnormalities after paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT).Methods:The electrocardiograms (ECG) of 216 patients suffering from PSVT were observed to see whether there was any abnormalities of T wave after termination of PSVT.(4 cases of coronary heart disease were excepted).The observation to ECG of those,Cases without T wave abnormalities after three days were also stopped.If there were T wave abnormalities,observation was continued till it stopped.Disturbances from the factor of essential T wave abnormalities were also excepted.Results:out of 212 cases,46 cases had T wave abnormalities after the termination of PSVT,accounting for 22%.There is a regular relation between the incidence,duration,range of the T wave abnormalities and duration of PSVT and the ventricular throb rate during PSVT.Conclusion:In the T wave abnormalities PSVT patients after the termination of PSVT,the factor of the electronic modulation must be considered.The electronic modulation of the T wave is a normal electrophysiological manifestation of heart muscle after an abnormal depolarization.Therefore,these T wave abnormalities are not essential.


Introduction: Abdominal pain and bowel urgency are prevalent, burdensome symptoms experienced by patients (pts) with ulcerative colitis (UC) that impact daily life, including social activities. In this study, we use


Several ways to enhance the teaching of organic chemistry experiment have been proposed,based on the authors teaching practice and exploration in the past years.


As the scale and depth of mines increase, large deformations of high-steep slopes progressively become prominent. Compared with the ordinary cables, negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) cables can provide a constant resistance force and high deformation inhibition during slope deformation, avoiding the occurrence of slope instability hazards. Consequently, the control effects on the toppling failures of slopes were necessary to be researched. Changshanhao open-pit gold mine was taken as an example; based on the field geological investigation and rock mechanics testing, a three-dimensional engineering geological model of open-pit mine was constructed. Subsequently, the stability of open pit in current situation and final boundary situation was estimated with FLAC3D software, for the potential slope vulnerable areas to be comprehensively identified. Finally, the control effects of ordinary cables and NPR cables on the instable W13 slope section were compared and studied through FLAC3D simulations, and the reinforcement effects of NPR cable on the anti-dip slope were proved as significant; meanwhile, the corresponding reinforcement methods in the failure mine areas were proposed, laying a reference for the instability failure control and reinforcement of similar anti-dip slopes.


A wireless telephone communication system for wireless, voice, data or voice and data terminals comprising a central switching station 5 for receiving signals for communication with selected ones of mobile telephone sets 8, apparatus 3 for converting the signals to PN spread spectrum radio frequency signals and for transmitting them, and at least one mobile telephone for receiving and decoding the spread spectrum signals, the spreading code used in each mobile for transmitting back to the station 5 being different from the others and each signal transmitted having a different spreading code from the others. The transmitter 3 preferably comprises means for feeding the spread spectrum signals to a leaky transmission line 2 which enables communication to mobiles within well defined areas, such as within a building, so providing additional security to that provided by the spread spectrum transmission.


"An Overview of TCI and TIVA" was written by two pioneers in the field of targeted drug delivery in anesthesia. Despite its small size, this book is a rich source of information on the structure, function, and clinical applications of target-controlled infusion (TCI) systems. Dis-cussions on manually controlled infusion regimens of the most popular agents are not omitted either. A large number of data are presented in a concise yet comprehensive manner, and helpful clinical guidance is often provided. Important pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles, which relate to the operational standards of TCI systems, are analyzed in chapters II and III, whereas explicit references to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic functions are made through- out the book. The language, although nonmathematical, relays a scientific strength. The presentation is simple, but not simplistic. The text has the appearance of "class notes" rather than a formal manual; however, this feature enhances the tutorial dynamics of the book and should attract individuals involved in learning such as anesthesia resi- dents and specialists flirting with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Although not stylish, the 21 and succinct the disposition and TCI dynamics for used The few errors in the figures and text easily and misleading.


Infrastructure projects such as repositories for nuclear waste or hazardous waste sites impose risks (in the form of potential burdens or losses) over extensive timescales. These risks change dynamically over time and so, potentially, does their management. Societies and key actors go through learning processes and subsequently may be better able to deal with related challenges. However, social scientific research on the acceptance of such projects is mainly concerned with (static) risk perception issues and does not include dynamic aspects. Adaptive capacity, which is part of the concept of vulnerability, therefore represents a promising complementing facet for this line of research. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of perceived adaptive capacity (PAC) for the acceptance of contested long-term infrastructure for the two issues of nuclear and hazardous waste. In an online experimental survey (N = 300) examining either the acceptance of a nuclear waste repository or of a hazardous waste site, we demonstrate that (i) PAC can be separated empirically as a psychological construct from risk and benefit perception, and (ii) PAC explains a significant additional share of variance in the acceptance of both waste types beyond risk and benefit perception. Furthermore, we report what adaptation mechanisms of PAC participants expect to occur in the future. We conclude that such a dynamic perspective yields important insights in understanding individual decision-making regarding long-term infrastructure projects.


Background: Comprehensive neuropsychological testing for adolescents living with HIV is rare and often impractical for overstretched healthcare systems in low-resourced settings. This study aimed to 1) test the potential of a simple algorithm to screen for cognitive and functional difficulties among at-risk adolescents, and 2) using this algorithm, investigate the correlates of cognitive and functional difficulties in a large community-traced sample of South African adolescents. Methods: The study interviewed 10-19-year-old adolescents living with HIV (n = 1059) and uninfected community controls (n = 467), attending 53 public health facilities in the Eastern Cape in 2014-15. Cognitive and functional difficulties were assessed using an algorithm (either adolescent reports of memory, attention or concentration problems, or < 60% total recall on a memory task, or caregiver reports of an adolescent being a 'slow-learner', or attending a special needs school) and adolescent reports of functional difficulties. Data on healthcare and psychosocial variables were also collected. Multivariable logistic regressions tested correlates of cognitive and functional difficulties, controlling for sociodemographic and household covariates. Results: Across the sample, the prevalence of cognitive and functional difficulties was 19.3% (95% CI: 17.4-21.4). Adolescents living with HIV had significantly higher rates of cognitive and functional difficulties than community controls (21.9% vs. 13.5%, p<.001). Validating the algorithm with self-reported school grade repetition (lifetime) and number of grades repeated, cognitive and functional difficulties were associated with higher odds of lifetime grade repetition (aOR1.62 95%CI 1.24-2.11) and a higher likelihood of repeating multiple grades (β=0.27, p<.001). Independent of covariates, potential correlates of cognitive and functional difficulties among adolescents were higher depressive symptoms (aOR1.18 95%CI1.11-1.26), concurrent infections (aOR1.92 95%CI1.44-2.58), and more often missing school for clinic appointments (aOR1.66 95%CI1.24-2.23). Conclusions: Cognitive and functional difficulties were more prevalent among adolescents living with HIV than community controls and were associated with psychosocial, physical health, and healthcare factors. Simple algorithms – like the one tested in this study – may be feasible for use in low-resourced settings, following validation against neuropsychological assessment batteries in specialised facilities. Routine screening for cognitive and functional difficulties may be integrated into HIV care to identify adolescents for additional support.


A new model of the refrigerator with refrigeration and constant temperature and hot water has been trial-produced. The new refrigerator can not only keep refrigerated food quality, but also be used for heating or keeping food temperature constant, and supply hot water for us. The subsystems of condenser have been analyzed and designed including air-cooled method and water-cooled method. According to the theoretical calculation, the temperature in constant temperature box can keep about 50°C and 18.46 Kg hot water can be provided per hour.


generally acknowledged difficulty, and Mr. Campbell has not shirked the challenge to find a solution. Most of his emendations, however, are made in passages where the soundness of the text had not normally been suspected; and in consequence his cacoethes emendandi is less restrained by the work of earlier editors. The following selection, which is given without comment, will provide a 4air sample:—1. ii. 51 Medos agitare inultos I undique calcar (equitare inultos, I te duce, Caesar).—1. viii. 10 livida gestat ansis (armis) \ bracchia.—1. x. 15 Priamus . . . iniqua tranans (Troiae) | castra.—1. xiii. 16 gutta sparsa (quinta parte) sui nectaris.—1. xvi. 23 pectoris | temptavit ulcisci iubentis (in dulci iuventa) I fervor.—1. xxxi. 14 ter et quater | mannos revisens aequore ab Africo (anno revisens aequor Attanticum).—1. xxxv. 2 praesens vel icti tollere de gradu \ frontale cornu (vel imo tollere de gradu | mortale corpus).—11. xiv. 27 et mero | tinguet pavimentum spuendo (superbo).—111. iv. 69 testis negatam (mearum) centimanus Gyas I scandens in arcem (sententiarum). —in. xiv. 9 vos, senum matres (virginum matres).—in. xxiii. 17 immundus aram cui tetigit canis (immunis aram si tetigit manus).—in. xxx. 11 qua per pauperem (et qua pauper) aquae Daunus agrestium I regnavit populum, ortu (populorum) ex humili potens.—Ib. 14 Musa, superne iam I quaesita meritis tu mihi . . . (sume superbiatn \ quaesitam meritis et mihi . . .).—Epod. viii. 8 hirquinaque ala exuberans (equina quales ubera). Mr. Campbell has a certain partiality for unfamiliar words: thus ales is replaced by caeles 1. ii. 42; umor by luror 1. xiii. 6; exercitus by exoticus 1. xvi. 21; and militaris Daunias by limitaris Dauniae 1. xxii. 13. He also cannot tolerate the well-attested licence of lengthening -et and -it in arsis, and therefore emends in every case: e.g. in 1. iii. 36 perrupit Acheronta becomes perrupit Stygium amnem, and the familiar words of 11. vi. 13 appear as Me terrarum est mihi praeter omnis \ angulus ridens, ubi . . . Mr. Campbell seems to have modelled his critical methods upon those of Bentley and Peerlkamp, but even their more daring efforts appear tame by comparison. He is, indeed, well aware that emendations should be tested by the so-called laws of intrinsic and transcriptional probability, and in his commentary he is at pains to apply them: nevertheless few of his suggestions are convincingly Horatian, while his palaeographical explanations too often leave us with the feeling that anything can be changed into anything. Perhaps the source of the trouble is a false hypothesis; for a 'radically revised text ' implies a widespread and deep-seated corruption of the manuscript tradition, and of this there is no satisfying evidence.


Background: Tuberculosis and HIV are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality in children living in developing countries. Factors associated with morbidity in Tuberculosis and HIV co-infections have not been sufficiently exhaustively studied. Aim: To study the pattern of presentation and outcome of tuberculosis in HIV infected children with a view to identify factor associated with outcome of management. Methods: Consecutive children diagnosed with tuberculosis and HIV co-infections seen at the paediatric clinics or wards of LAUTECH teaching hospitals were studied over 10 years. Necessary data were extracted from their case notes and analysed using SPSS version 18. Results: A total of 28 children with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection were studied, with age ranging from 3months to 17year. Thirteen (46.4%) children were boys and 15(53.6%) girls. The forms of Tuberculosis diagnosed were pulmonary 18(64.3%), disseminated disease 5(7.9%), abdominal 3(10.7), meningitis 1(3.7%) and miliary 1(3.7%). Sixteen (57.1%) of the 28 children, had complications, while the remaining 12(42.9%) did not. Congestive cardiac failure secondary to pulmonary disease and hypoxemia requiring oxygen therapy were the common complications recorded. Eight (28.6%) children exhibited treatment failure to category I anti-tuberculous (Anti-Tb) drugs and one of these patients eventually exhibited treatment failure to category II Anti-Tb and Multi-drug resistance. Treatment failure with category 1 Anti-Tb therapy was significantly associated with severe immunosuppression (CD4<200cells/ul, poor viral load suppression (viral load > 1000ucells/L and disseminated disease (p< 0.01). Four mortalities 4(14.3%) were recorded in the course of the study while 24 (85.7%) survived. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is a significant cause of morbidity in HIV infected children. Treatment failure is a significant outcome associated with category I Anti-Tb therapy in patients with significant immunological suppression, unsuppressed viral load and those with disseminated and miliary tuberculosis. There is a need to revise Anti-Tb medication regimen in order to prevent treatment failure and resistance among these susceptible groups of children. Keywords— Paediatrics, Co-infections, HIV and Tuberculous.


The system
SIC International (Industrial Building Systems), working together with GO-DB Associated Architects, has developed a system of architectural construction and layout based on threedimensional modules, with specific design and construction features covered by a series of patents and protected designs known as Modul-Arch Systems.
Project and development Director:
F. M. Garcia Ordonez, Architect.
Manufacture:
The Contractor firm Entrecanales y Tavora, S. A. is the concessionary for Spain's Central Area. This Company operates a plant near Madrid with a daily production capacity of some 40 modules (400 m 2 ).


In recent years,IPTV is developing rapidly in China despite the strict control policy.However,without sufficient program resources,IPTV could not achieve sustainable growth.Program producing is important to telecom operators as well as SARFT.To analyze the yield game between telecom operators and SARFT,the Stackelberg model that emphasizes the substitution effect of IPTV to Cable TV was modified.Then balanced yields were figured out.Based on the results,we draw the conclusions that lax control policy is favorable for IPTV expanding in the phase of promotion,and the SARFT will provide IPTV with most program resources for quite a long period.


Herein, we report a unique tin phosphate that is remarkably selective to (137)Cs(+) from extremly acidic solutions because of its special layered structure with an unusually large interlayer space. This acidic exchanger is superior to other existing materials in terms of its selectivity and capacity for (137)Cs(+) from acidic solutions.


Carrot pollen as tested material was used to study effects of different molecular weight of PEG on the carrot pollen germination.The results showed that effects of different molecular weight of PEG on in vitro pollen germination rate were different,the optimal concentrations were also different.100 g/L of PEG-6000 played a significant role in carrot pollen germination,the optimal concentration of PEG-4000 and PEG-6000 to promote pollen germination of carrot were 150 g/L.


This paper mainly discusses the analysis and evaluation of routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. Particle swarm algorithm has been proven to be very good solve many global optimization problems. Ant colony algorithm not only uses the positive feedback principle, the evolution process of speeding up to a certain extent, but also can be implemented in parallel in nature and different individuals through continuous information exchange and transmission. The paper presents optimization of routing protocol in wireless sensor networks based on improved ant colony and particle swarm algorithm . Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the improved algorithm, and improve the search for optimal routing.


The postnatal development and differentiation of the rabbit epididymis have been described. At birth, all segments of the ductus are lined by a simple, low columnar epithelium. By 16 days postnatal...


Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a devastating inherited skin blistering disease caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene that encodes type VII collagen (C7), a major structural component of anchoring fibrils at the dermal‐epidermal junction (DEJ). We recently demonstrated that human cord blood‐derived unrestricted somatic stem cells promote wound healing and ameliorate the blistering phenotype in a RDEB (col7a1−/−) mouse model. Here, we demonstrate significant therapeutic effect of a further novel stem cell product in RDEB, that is, human placental‐derived stem cells (HPDSCs), currently being used as human leukocyte antigen‐independent donor cells with allogeneic umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation in patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. HPDSCs are isolated from full‐term placentas following saline perfusion, red blood cell depletion, and volume reduction. HPDSCs contain significantly higher level of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic stem and progenitor cells than cord blood and are low in T cell content. A single intrahepatic administration of HPDSCs significantly elongated the median life span of the col7a1−/− mice from 2 to 7 days and an additional intrahepatic administration significantly extended the median life span to 18 days. We further demonstrated that after intrahepatic administration, HPDSCs engrafted short‐term in the organs affected by RDEB, that is, skin and gastrointestinal tract of col7a1−/− mice, increased adhesion at the DEJ and deposited C7 even at 4 months after administration of HPDSCs, without inducing anti‐C7 antibodies. This study warrants future clinical investigation to determine the safety and efficacy of HPDSCs in patients with severe RDEB. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:530–542


In this paper, we concern with SLLN for sums Of in-dependent random upper-semicontinuous fuzzy sets. We first give a generalization of SLLN for sums of independent and level-wise identically distributed random fuzzy sets, and establish a SLLN for sums of random fuzzy sets which is independent and compactly uniformly integrable in the strong sense. As a result, a SLLN for sums of independent and strongly tight random fuzzy sets is obtained.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of famciclovir against herpes zoster.Methods Sixty patients with herpes zoster were vandomly assigned to receive either 250mg of famciclovir thrice daily or 200mg of aciclovir five times per day.Lesions were assessed on days 1,3,5,7 and 8.Results There were statistically significant differences between two groups in terms of time to drying of blisters and time to relief of the associated pain (p0 01),and there were no statistically significant differences in terms of time to ceasing new lesion formation and time to complete escharing(p0 05).Adverse effects were similar and mild in two groups.Conclusion It is indicated that famciclovir is well-tolerated and effecitive for the treatment of herpes zoster.


The cataract-producing mutant gene previously described as 'Shrivelled' appears to be a recurrence of the mutant described by Paget as cataracta congenita subcapsularis, and should henceforth be referred to as Cat Fr .


This study applies hydrodynamic and water quality modeling to evaluate the potential effects of local climate projections on the mixing conditions in Lake Brusdalsvatnet in Norway and the implications on the occurrence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) at the raw water intake point of the Ålesund water treatment plant in the future. The study is mainly based on observed and projected temperature, the number of E. coli in the tributaries of the lake and projected flow. The results indicate a gradual rise in the temperature of water at the intake point from the base year 2017 to year 2075. In the future, vertical circulations in spring may occur earlier while autumn circulation may start later than currently observed in the lake. The number of E. coli at the intake point of the lake is expected to marginally increase in future. By the year 2075, the models predict an approximately three-fold increase in average E. coli numbers for the spring and autumn seasons compared to current levels. The results are expected to provide the water supply system managers of Ålesund with the information necessary for long-term planning and decisions in the protection of the drinking water source. The method used here can also be applied to similar drinking water sources in Norway for developing effective risk management strategies within their catchments.


At present, the traceability system becomes a new technical trade measure to protect food safety in many countries all over the world, in which the traceability of aquatic products is one of the major problems in the global fishery industry. The traceability system of aquatic products is put into practice in many developed countries at present, but in our country the research and system establishment are relatively undeveloped with few related laws, standards and basic research. To promote and establish suitable traceability system of aquatic products in our country is the most important measure to supervise the quality and safety of aquatic products, which is good for ensuring the quality and safety of aquatic products.


The convergence rate of the power spectral density function and the properties of the poles of the AR model as an approximate representation of an ARMA(2,1) process are studied with full use of numerical analysis of specific examples. Attention is focused on the case where the ARMA(2,1) model transfer function in z -1 (time shift operator) has two real system poles 1/r1, 1/r2 and the system zero 1/b in the z -1-plane (complex-plane) with the relationship . When the AR model fitting is applied for the theoretical covariance sequence of the process based on the Levinson-Durbin Algorithm, (1) the convergence rate of power spectrum of the AR model is asymptotically proportional to b, (2) the pole 1/r1 is transferred into the AR model as a real pole, however, the information about 1/r2 merges into all poles of the AR model, and (3) the zero 1/b is equivalently represented in the AR model by a set of poles almost equally spaced on a circle centered at the origin in the complex plane. For the qualitative analysi...


Abstract The study of ellipsis, being a mismatch between form and meaning, has already proven to have consequences for our understanding of language in general, as it has helped us gain insights in other domains of the grammar. This paper focuses on one of these domains, namely the notion of Spell-Out and the theory of phases that has been developed within the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995, The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Chomsky 2001, Derivation by phase. In Michael Kenstowicz (ed.), Ken Hale: A life in language, 1–52. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, and Chomsky 2005, On phases. Ms. MIT). Several authors have been tempted to tie ellipsis to Phase Theory, as ellipsis would be non-pronunciation at PF instead of pronunciation. In other words, ellipsis is the flip coin of Spell-Out, and the two differ only at PF. Although attractive, this proposal will be pointed out to run into empirical problems with regards to extraction possibilities. The data suggest that the difference between ellipsis and non-ellipsis is not simply decided at PF, but in the syntax already. At the same time, however, this paper aims to maintain the intuition behind the link between ellipsis and phases. It explores the chunks of structure that are targeted by both operations as well as their triggers.


We have investigated the equation of motion for photons with Weyl corrections in a Kerr black hole spacetime in the small coupling case. Our results show that Weyl corrections yield phenomena of birefringence. The light rays propagating in the spacetime are separated into the ordinary rays and the extraordinary rays, and the propagation of the latter depends on the corrections. We probe the effects of Weyl corrections on the Kerr black hole shadows casted by the extraordinary rays and find that such corrections result in a weak stretching or squeezing in the vertical direction for the black hole shadows. Finally, we also study the change of the length of the Near-Horizon Extremal Kerr line (NHEK line) with Weyl corrections. These features could help us to understand the electrodynamics with Weyl corrections from black hole shadows.


To my parents, De Dzwo and Ellen Hsu ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation marks the single most trying, thrilling, educational, and lengthy period of my life. Through the research and experiences that have led to finishing this work, I have grown, both intellectually and emotionally, into a person I am proud to be. I certainly could not have gone through this process alone — I have had the help of many wonderful people to guide me and support me through this doctoral process. First, I must acknowledge my parents, whom I feel lucky to have every single day. The level of friendship and trust I feel with my mother and father have enabled me to be myself and pursue my goals without fear of judgement. In the summer of 2005, I had an internship at Intel Corporation in Hillsboro, Oregon. I planned to drive from Michigan to Oregon so that I could have a car during the summer, and I asked my parents if they would join me on the road trip. When I tell people that I came up with this idea on my own, they think that I am the craziest person in the world. But I think this anecdote best represents how much I love and am loved by my parents. I am truly lucky. And, by the way, we had a wonderful time together. Next, I cannot express the gratitude I feel for having married the best husband I could ask for. My husband Tom is my biggest fan, always encouraging me to be the best I can be. He genuinely feels happy and proud when I accomplish something, and knowing I have him in my corner makes the world an easier place to live in. When I was working on deadlines, Tom would cook meals for me and bring them to my desk as I stared at my computer screen, encourage me to go outside for fresh air when I iii had closeted myself indoors for days, and give me unsolicited backrubs when I was at my most stressed. I am more grateful to him than he knows, and I am so glad he is my partner in life. Of course, I must also thank my little sister, Leslie, for her support these last few years. I am several years older than Leslie, and have always been accustomed to taking care of her. As she has …


This investigation offers a first theoretical and empirical study which analyses the effect of the regulation on the productivity in European railways. To do this, we have estimated a system based in the duality theory of the distance functions, using a panel data with 17 European railways. We have calculated the marginal cost of the regulation and, from the results, we can deduce that the technology is sensitive to the regulating framework in which they perform their activity. Moreover, we have calculated and analysed temporally the allocative inefficiency.


Child labour is a social problem which has become pervasive in third world societies, particularly Africa. Any critical observer of Nigeria's socio-economic conditions will agree that the living conditions of some children are below standard. It can be observed that majority of these children are exposed to child labour. For instance female street vendors frequently become victims of rape, this is dangerous because forced sexual activity may cause infections that may cause irreparable damage to her reproductive system. It is against this backdrop that this paper will examine how rapid urbanization in Nigeria since independence has led to child labour in the urban setting. This paper therefore, will examine rape and street trading in Port Harcourt City as part of our attempt in understanding the phenomenon in Nigeria. We will answer the following questions: What are those factors in the family background that pushed these children into street trading? What factors sustain them in the trade? To what extent does street trading pose health related hazards/injuries to the girl-child. Finally this paper will be view through the lens of radical feminist theory.


A strategy to save cost related to oil exploration process is discussed in this paper. The focus is to reduce the cost in slickline and electric line operation in order to maintain the business continuity, where this conclusion was obtained by looking at the comparison between the costs incurred during previous operations with the costs incurred at this time by comparing the results of operations obtained as well as comparisons with oil and gas prices both before and after 2018. This concrete step to be taken is a method for lean management because there is a cost suppression in it. The context of its implementation is through Business Process Re-engineering which of course will implement appropriate method steps to be taken. The method steps taken are to implement Value Stream Mapping which in its preparation includes an analysis of the slickline and electric line operation work steps carried out, including by compiling; Product family or operation work steps, Current state map of both operations and Design future state map of Wire Line operation proposal and 5S theory process as completeness. The proposed strategy enable to reduce costs by combining slickline and electric line operations in one unit or one service company, then reducing the number of workers involved and making work more efficient, by reducing the Rig up and Rig process, Down PCE (Pressure Control Equipment), reducing the repetition of the work intervention process.


SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a nonwoven web formed by a sheet formed from formed from the melt of polyethylene pleksifilamentarnyh plen- koobraznyh strands. The sheet has prosvechivayuschies dot bonded portions, the total area which is 4- 7% of the surface area of the sheet. Said sheet slightly cured state having a density of 25-30 g / m2, was passed through two pairs of nip rollers. One of the rollers in each pair is metal and heated and has on its entire surface solid boss. The second of the rollers in each pair has a resilient surface with a Shore hardness of 60-70. Heatable roll of the first pair in contact with one surface of the sheet and the heated roll of the second pair - the other surface of the sheet. Bosses on heated rollers to form a repeating polygonal pattern, wherein the number of lugs is 4,8-7,1 to 1 cm in length and 29-62 per 1 cm2. The height of the bosses in 1,2-1,8 times the sheet thickness. The total area of the terminal ends of the bosses is 4-7% of the area of the sheet. Bo- byshki roller of the second pair is performed with an offset relative to the bosses roller of the first pair. In each pair of rollers are burdensome 9-21 kg per 1 cm width of the sheet. After passing the sheet through a pair of rollers on the sheet exposed vysokonapor-; GOVERNMENTAL jets of water supplied from the aper- tures diameter 0,8-0,18 mm for imparting impact energy 0,26-0,8 mJ / H Kg. 2 SP f- ly, 5 ZP f-ly. CO with


Objective To study the inhibition effects of Qingfei oral liquid medicine-contained serum on adhesion and membrane fusion process of respiratory syncytial virus. Methods Using the method of temperature conversion,we added Qingfei oral liquid medicine-contained serum during adhesion period(before temperature conversion) and invasion period(after temperature conversion) respectively.Monitor virus inhibition rates and average A of the two periods,observe the influence of Qingfei oral liquid medicine-contained serum on adhesion and membrane fusion process of respiratory syncytial virus. Results No significant differences were found on the average A between Qingfei oral liquid medicine-contained serum group and virus control group before temperature conversion experiment.After the temperature conversion,virus inhibition rates of Qingfei oral liquid medicine-contained serum group increased,the average A increasing obviously.Differences were significant before and after temperature conversion experiment. Conclusion The antiviral effect of Qingfei oral liquid medicine-contained serum mainly embodies on the membrane fusion and invasion phases after adhesion process of respiratory syncytial virus.


The reactions of the heterocyclic imines 5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,3]oxazines and 2H-1,4-benzothiazines with different substituted acetyl chlorides in the presence of triethylamine forming β-lactams were examined focusing on the stereochemistry of the Staudinger reaction.


Introduction to Diffraction Grating Theory Electromagnetic Theory of Nonlinear Optics Rigorous Nonlinear Electromagnetic Theory of Corrugated Dielectric Waveguides Theory of Undepleted Second Harmonic Generation in Relief Metallic Gratings Polology: Phenomenological Approach to (Quasi) Phase Matching Leaky Modes in Nonlinear Optical Resonators Linear Distribute Couplers Kerr-Type Leaky Resonators Second Harmonic Generation in Leaky Resonators


SummaryThe 3 - (1' - phenylpropyl) 4 - hydroxycoumarine (marcoumar) is an efficacious anticoagulant; because of its long and definite action, it is particularly maniable.Its action is characterized by a drop of Koller factor VII and prothrombine and can be controlled by Quick method or more easily by the Marbet and Winderstein method.During the treatment of acute thrombosis, simultaneous heparin administration is necessary until the full action of the drug is reached.36 patients have been submitted to the action of this drug. All the cases of spontaneous or postoperative venous thrombosis responded very well. No case of pulmonary emboli has been observed during the evolutionary course of venous thrombosis, and no recidive in patients having presented previously pulmonary emboli.Hemorragic accidents consisted in microscopic hematuria (8 times out of 36) and deep hematoma (one out of 36).Synthetic vit. K1 emulsion is an efficacious antidote bringing back quickly the prothrombine time to harmless levels.


The present paper investigated physical and mechanical properties of the nanotube masterbatches and the polymer composites with low contents of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which were obtained by diluting masterbatches. Ethylene-octene copolymer was used as the binder for the masterbatches, which provides the elasticity of the material at a content 20 wt% of CNT. Masterbatches were obtained with a 2-roller mixer, and their additive to polypropylene was carried out on a single screw injection molding machine. Strength properties of ethylene-octene copolymer increased when additing CNTs in an amount of 5-20 wt%. When the concentration of CNT in masterbatches is reduced to 0.01-0.1 wt% its strength characteristics increased up to 4-18%. The most effective strengthening of polypropylene was observed with the content of CNTs 0.1 wt%.


For the modern society where human life is under condition of social and economic transformations resulting in destruction of «old» value system and the value instructions the socialization and social interaction were based on, the research of formation problems and personal identification is a relevant issue. The author draws special attention to the identification process as an essential element of society construction and identity formation in the socialization process. The article reveals different approaches in the study of social identification process, considering this process in two dimensions: at the micro and macro levels. Special attention is paid to an integrative approach which is only possible on the basis of philosophical methodology using the dialectics categories. Also, social identification is studied as a state of personal self-identification by assigning individual «I» and «we» images to the individual, and certain social roles reflecting the range of relevant socially important traits. Finally, it is emphasised that social identification of an individual is a complex multifaceted process, and theoretical understanding of its nature and laws should consider all facets of its deployment. It is stressed out that it is philosophical reflection that allows bringing this issue to the overall level, assigning the status of social and philosophical category to «identification» concept, and revealing general patterns and mechanisms of social identification of an individual.


Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) provides an effective, alternative method to critical point drying in preparing insect larvae for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Previously, HMDS was considered ineffective for the preparation of soft-bodied larvae because of the impermeability of the integument. Puncturing the integument provides a solution to this problem. Three treatments determined the effectiveness of puncturing and established a protocol for preparing dipteran larvae, as follows: (1) larvae ere punctured, dehydrated in an ethanol series, and treated with HMDS; (2) larvae were dehydrated, punctured. and treated with HMDS: (3) (control) larvae were dehydrated and treated with HMDS without puneturing. The 1st approach produced rigid specimens with little surface distortion, and details of the integument were maintained. The 2nd process yieldec specimens that were semiflaccid overall but retained some details of the integument. The control treatment produced flaccid specimens that were unsuitable for SEM. Ofthe 3 treatments, the 1 st was the method of choice and used to prepare larvae from 3 other insect orders with similar results. Hexamethyldisilazane provides researchers with an effective, alternative, inexpensive, and easy-to-use method for preparing larval specimens.


Due to the powerful correcting performance, turbo codes have been adopted in many communication standards such as W-CDMA(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), CDMA2000, etc., and implemented by hardware in many kind of fields. Although several hardware structures and improved algorithm have been proposed, these problems such as hardware area, operating speed and power consumption are still a major issue to be solved in practical implementations. In this paper, we designed the turbo-code decoder using MAX -SCALE operation derived from the posterior probability optimization. The proposed circuit has been measured their performance on Matlab and MaxPlusII and implemented on the FPGA As a result, when implementing the proposed algorithm on the FPGA, this circuit only occupies 616 logic elements. And comparing the performance with the MAP(Maxirnum a Posteriori) decoding algorithm, the operating speed was increased by about 40%(56.48MHz) and BER(Bit Error Rate) was increased by 6.12.


Abstract Heat resistant thermophilic spore-forming bacteria, such as Aeribacillus (A.) pallidus, may contaminate the surfaces in food facilities resulting food spoilage of the products. The aim of this work was to determine the heat and disinfectant resistance of an A. pallidus strain that was isolated from a canning factory environment. Compared to other heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria, it did not prove to be very resistant to heat with a D10-values of A. pallidus from 12.2 min to 2.4 min (at 102 °C and at 110 °C), with a calculated z-value of 11.6 °C. Not only spores but vegetative cells showed resistance against all investigated disinfectants.


AbstractMathematics learning is learning that is considered difficult and less enjoyable for students. Efforts to improve Mathematics learning outcomes in class V students in Sd Negeri Ledok 05 Salatiga using the Problem Solving learning method. Problem Solving (Problem Solving) is a learning method that includes the ability to search for information, analyze situations, and identify problems with the aim of producing an invention so that it can take an action to reach the goal. The research conducted is classroom action research that aims to improve student learning outcomes specifically in learning Mathematics, by preparing a plan, action, observation, and reflection The results of the research conducted shows an increase in student learning outcomes in Ledok 05 Sd Negeri Salatiga . This is shown in the percentage of student learning outcomes in cycle 1 shows 32%, in the second cycle 41% this increase has a positive impact on a student's learning outcomes in Mathematics learning. So from that it can be concluded that learning using the Problem Solving model can improve learning outcomes of students in class V of SD Negeri Ledok 05 SalatigaKeywords: Learning Outcomes, Problem Solving Method, Increase


Dear Mrs. —— You have asked me about the cause of your mood disorder, and whether it is due to a "chemical imbalance."


Various methods have been investigated to stabilize a ruthenium polymer-modified electrode for use in flow-injection analysis. These include treatment with ultraviolet irradiation as well as coating the modified electrode with electrochemically generated conductive and nonconductive polymer layers. The stabilization procedures tested proved effective in improving the operational half-life of a nonstabilized electrode from 8 hours to more than 48 hours for the determination of test analyte species such as nitrite and nickel bis-2-hydroxyethyl dithiocarbamate.


Previous molecular estimates of mosaicism in the dystrophin and other genes generally have focused on the transmission of the mutated allele to two or more children by an individual without the mutation in leukocyte DNA. We have analyzed 414 families with hemophilia B by direct genomic sequencing and haplotype analysis, and have deduced the origin of mutation in 56 families. There was no origin individual who transmitted a mutant allele to more than one child. However, somatic mosaicism was detected by sequence analysis of four origin individuals (3{female} and 1{male}). The sensitivity of this analysis is typically one part in ten. In one additional female who had close to a 50:50 ratio of mutant to normal alleles, three of four noncarrier daughters inherited the haplotype associated with the mutant allele. This highlights a caveat in molecular analysis: a presumptive carrier in a family with sporadic disease does not necessarily have a 50% probability of transmitting the mutant allele to her offspring. After eliminating those families in which mosaicism could not be detected because of a total gene deletion or absence of DNA from a deduced origin individual, 5 of 43 origin individuals exhibited somatic mosaicism at a level that reflectsmore » a mutation within the first few cell divisions after fertilization. In one patient, analysis of cervical scrapings and buccal mucosa confirm the generalized distribution of somatic mutation. Are the first few cell divisions post-fertilization highly mutagenic, or do mutations at later divisions also give rise to somatic mosaicism? To address this question, DNA from origin individuals are being analyzed to detect somatic mosaicism at a sensitivity of 1:1000. Single nucleotide primer extension (SNuPE) has been utilized in eight families to date and no mosaicism has been detected. When the remaining 30 samples are analyzed, it will be possible to compare the frequency of somatic mosaicism at 0.1-10% with that of {ge}10%.« less


The profile is one of the easiest ways to distinguish the individual identity of each other. identity verification is a personal identification system that uses the person's identity. Identity verification procedure basically consist of two phases namely face detection where this process takes place very rapidly in humans. Excluding under conditions where the object is find at short distance away, which acknowledge a face of individuals. Eigen face and fisher face method are kinds of methods that are currently popular in developed identity verification.


Some glycidol ether monomer(GE) were prepared by reacting epichlorohydrin(ECH) with phenol and/or alcohol; α allyl glycidol ether, β chloroethyl glycidol ether, benzene glycidol ether, m tolyl glycidol ether, benzyl glycidol ether. And aliphatic polycarbonates were synthesized by copolymerization of CO 2 with GE catalyzed by coordination catalyst composed of Y phosphonate and triisobutylaluminum[Y(P 204 ) 3 A1( i Bu) 3]. The copolymers were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR , WXRD, TG and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results showed that Y(P 204 ) 3 A1( i Bu) 3 has better catalytic activity in the copolymerization of CO 2 with GE and the preferred amount of catalyst was 2 7×10 -2 ~5 0×10 -2 mol/L. The thermal analysis revealed the thermal resistance of the copolymers prepared by CO 2 and GE with benzene ring was higher than that of the copolymer prepared by CO 2 and ECH. The glass transition temperature of the m tolyl glycidol ether CO 2 copolymer was 26 6 ℃.


In the Davey-MacKay (DM) construction, the inner decoder treats unknown transmitted bits as random independent substitution errors. It limits the synchronization capability of the inner decoder, and thus weakens the error-correcting capability of the DM construction. In order to improve the performance of the DM construction, an iterative decoding scheme is proposed, which iteratively utilizes the more accurate estimates of transmitted codewords. In the proposed scheme, the estimated average bit error rates and the estimated low-density parity-check (LDPC) codewords from the outer decoder are fed back into the inner decoder to update the synchronization process. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative decoding scheme significantly outperforms the traditional DM construction.


The conducted theoretical analysis of the operating processes of the slow-speed long-stroke stage with variant cooling of various sections of the operating chamber allowed us to determine the rational range of cooled zones and the corresponding structural parameters of the cooling jacket, which allows to provide the permissible temperature of the pumped gas at minimum sizes and mass.The conducted theoretical analysis of the operating processes of the slow-speed long-stroke stage with variant cooling of various sections of the operating chamber allowed us to determine the rational range of cooled zones and the corresponding structural parameters of the cooling jacket, which allows to provide the permissible temperature of the pumped gas at minimum sizes and mass.


Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used as air base stations to provide fast wireless connections for ground users. Due to their constraints on both mobility and energy consumption, a key problem is how to deploy UAVs adaptively in a geographic area with changing traffic demand of mobile users, while meeting the aforemetioned constraints. In this paper, we propose an adaptive deployment strategy for UAV-aided networks based on hybrid deep reinforcement learning, where a UAV can adjust its movement direction and distance to serve users who move randomly in the target area. Through hybrid deep reinforcement learning, UAVs can be trained offline to obtain the global state information and learn a completely distributed control strategy, with which each UAV only needs to take actions based on its observed state in the real deployment to be fully adaptive. Moreover, in order to improve the speed and effect of learning, we improve hybrid reinforcement learning, by adding genetic algorithms and TD-error-based resampling optimization mechanism. Simulation results show that the hybrid deep reinforcement learning algorithm has better efficiency and robustness in multi-UAV control, and has better performance in terms of coverage, energy consumption and average throughput, by which average throughput can be increased by 20% to 60%.


Review on TOP1 (topoisomerase (DNA) 1), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the change of nature of Korea's trade and industrial policy since the early periods of 1980s The method of approach are as follows: In aspects of industrial organization theory, we empirically analyze the effect of trade on domestic market structure, then indirectly induce the nature of trade and industrial policy. The result of analysis indicates that the effect of trade on the improvement of efficiency of domestic market is not a large, though the enlargement of domestic market opening. This fact means that the true nature of trade and industrial policy during this periods did not change, though government tried to improve the nature of trade and industrial policy so as to enlarge domestic market opening. It seems that this result is caused by differential market opening to each industry with forcing on protection of domestic industry


Flow visualization tests and fluid force measurements were conducted in a water tunnel to investigate flow around and fluid forces on a cross-shaped tube (CST) in a cross-flow. The following results were obtained. Flow around a CST is classified into two patterns. One is perfect-separation flow for small incidence angle and the other is reattached flow for large incidence angle. The critical incidence angle where the flow pattern changes from the former to the latter is about 7.5°∼15°. At the critical angle, the mean drag and lift coefficients reach their minimum while the Strouhal number attains to the maximum. The amplitude of the fluctuating lift decreases as the incidence angle increases. These features of flow around and fluid forces on a CST are quite similar to those of a square prism. These results imply that one-degree-of-freedom galloping and vortex-induced vibration possibly occur for small incidence angle while ILEV (impingement of leading edge vortices) vibration might be caused for large incidence angle when a CST is elastically supported in a cross-flow.


From aspects of the number,unit distribution, zone distribution, impact factor, and subject distribution, etc.,this paper makes a statistical analysis on Shanxi's sci-tech papers collected by SCI and CSSCI in 2012 for providing a decision-making reference for universities, institutions, and enterprises, etc.


Smart grid has become a popular issue on power system applications in recent years. By using the information and communication technology (ICT), the concept of smart grid aims to make power systems more intelligent. In smart grid, conductor temperature is an important variable for power line transmission. It dominates the limitation of the maximum current, called "ampere capacity". In this paper, we estimate all of the conductor temperatures on extra-high-voltage (EHV) transmission grids to monitor the ampere capacity in Taiwan. Following the IEEE 738-2007 standard and using a great amount of information from the national central weather bureau, we estimate some weather parameters in the nearest grid using a k-d tree algorithm and apply them to a Hadoop MapReduce framework to establish a conductor temperature estimation system. The proposed system is found to efficiently estimate the conductor temperature. By using the Hadoop MapReduce framework, this system can create new models by using a large amount of data related to a smart grid, and new functions can also be easily added to the system. For the future research, this system will be extended to the electricity dispatch.


are the most relevant pathogens for livestock and wildlifelarge animal hosts. In some countries bovine tuberculosis (TB) isstillaproblem,particularlywhenawildlifereservoirexistsandTBtransmission from wildlife to cattle and cattle to wildlife on thepastureisapermanentdanger(4).ThreewildlifereservoirsofTBcausedby


In the no-tillage system, the absence of soil revolving, combined with the traffic of machines, promotes excessive soil surface compaction. An experiment was conducted in the county of Ponta Grossa, State of Parana, Brazil, during the agricultural years of 1989/1990 and 1990/1991, with the objective of studying several factors that intervene in this process. This research compared the effects of three previous soil tillage methods and two liming levels on several physical properties of a clayey Dark Red Latosol under a no-tillage system and controlled traffic. Soil bulk density, soil porosity, and water retention between the potentials of -0.006 and -0.5 MPa were evaluated. Results showed significant effects of traffic increasing soil density and reducing soil porosity and water content retained between the above mentioned potentials. There was no significant effect of liming on the studied properties. The in-depth distribution of the load applied by the traffic of machines, mainly harvesters, seemed to be influenced by the soil volume revolved by the different soil initial tillage systems. Soil structure was modified by the traffic of machines, altering soil quality and reducing soybean yield, when compared to areas with absence of traffic.


In the interest of developing a novel heat transfer enhancement technique with high heat transfer rates and less additional pressure loss, the thermal performance of a single fiber fin in internal laminar flow was theoretically analyzed. The inlet temperature and velocity were assumed fully developed. The analysis was based on the fact that the heat transfer coefficient along the fin surface was far greater than that of the tube wall. Analytical results show that the fiber fins can effectively enhance heat transfer. The effect of a single fiber fin on the heat transfer enhancement is mainly dominated by two parameters: the fin length to diameter ratio ( D/d ) and the ratio of the thermal conductivities of the fin and the fluid ( λ s/ λ f). The heat transfer improves monotonously as D/d increase. The heat transfer enhancement depends strongly on λ s/ λ f when λ s/ λ f is relatively small, but the thermal conductivity ratio has little effect when λ s/ λ f is relatively large.


With its entry into the euro area Slovakia experienced a significant change in the macroeconomic framework for a small, catching up economy. In the run-up to Slovakia's entry, borrowing costs fell, the exchange rate risk disappeared and the growth outlook for the economy improved (Huefner and Koske 2008). Together with earlier financial sector privatisation and liberalisation, the introduction of the euro reduced barriers for borrowers (Huefner and Koske 2008). However, in the Slovak case, the international financial crisis aborted the expected boom before it could take hold.


As soon as in the 19th century, the Church in Africa stepped into the mass communication era. The progress of evangelisation coincided with the rise of mass media and with the normalization of their relationship to the Catholic Institution as a whole. It was fostered by the missionary press and by the creativity of the missionaries. Once entrusted to the care of the native pastors, the Church was to continue this work and to make its own the positive approach of social means of communication supported by the Vatican II council. Since, an enormous work has been done. It witnesses the real will of most of the pastors, to invest in this new mission field. This commitment however suffers from many deficiencies that constite a challenge not to miss a historical appointment with contemporary humanity. The media being properly inescapable nowadays, the answer the pastors will give to this challenge will depend the capacity of the Church to carry on in Africa, its mission of human promotion.


Building on a recently proposed contact-mechanical theory of friction control by external vibration, the case of large-amplitude normal oscillation is revisited. It is shown that the coefficient of friction can be expressed in particularly simple form if the waveform of the displacement oscillation is triangular or rectangular, and the contact stiffness is constant. The latter requirement limits the scope of the exact solutions to contacts between a plane and a flat-ended cylinder or a curved shape with a wear flat, but the adopted methodology also enables efficient numerical solution in more general cases.


This article analyzes the form of supranational economic integration, known as Single Market. Despite the fact that other international organizations also aspire to achieve it, the EU's Single Market or EU's Internal Market is still, namely, its only successful manifestation, although not fully finished. Its concept, evolution and challenges, together with other experiences in forming process constitute our object of study. Published online : 29 July 2016


In recent years technology developments for SAR front-end and for on-board SAR data processing have been performed at Astrium GmbH, Germany. Remarkable progress has been made in the respective demonstrator projects DESA, EUCLID RTP 9.7, and TOPAS. A summary of the major results and achievements is presented.


Summary

Mass mortality of fagaceous trees caused by Japanese oak wilt has occurred widely in Japan. Although virulence of the causal fungus, Raffaelea quercivora, appeared to differ among isolates, its relation to the fungal growth within trees was unknown. To clarify the differences in fungal virulence against susceptible Quercus crispula, we examined fungal growth of four R. quercivora isolates within trees and the resulting virulence. In our study, the isolates were multiple-inoculated in seedlings and single-inoculated in twigs of mature trees. In the multiple-inoculation test, mortality rates were examined by the observation of external symptoms. In the single-inoculation test, water conductance and hyphal growth within the trees were examined by applying aqueous dyes and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Mortality rates, the proportion of the cross-sectional area comprising non-conductive sapwood and horizontal hyphal growth differed significantly among the isolates. Univariate logistic regression analyses showed that both the proportion of non-conductive sapwood and hyphal growth were significantly positively related to mortality rates. For three isolates, hyphal growth was significantly positively correlated with the proportion of non-conductive sapwood. These results suggested that the virulence against Q. crispula varies among R. quercivora isolates and that the extent of fungal colonization of the tree determines fungal virulence.


The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between attitude towards research and adjustment of M.Ed students. Investigator descriptive survey method was adopted to conduct present study. A total of 400 M.Ed students were selected by stratified random sampling technique. In order to collect the data an adjustment inventory was developed and standardised and to measure attitude towards research of M.Ed students a scale constructed and standardised by Vishal Shood and Y. K. Sharma in 2013 was used. Person product moment correlation technique was used to analyse the collected data. The results of the investigation revealed that there is significant intra correlation between Attitude towards research (ATR) and its dimensions such as (ATR-A, ATR-B, ATR-C and ATR-D). The study further revealed that there is significant correlation between Attitude towards research (ATR) and Adjustment. Similarly ATR-A, ATR-B, ATR-C and ATR-D are significantly correlated with Adjustment. It can be concluded that ATR & its dimension are correlated with one other as well as they are significantly correlated with adjustment.


This research is motivated by the importance of critical thinking skills in students. Critical thinking skills are important abilities that must be possessed in the 21st century. Critical thinking skills are an important aspect that students must have to face the challenges of modern life. therefore it is necessary to have learning for students who are oriented toward students critical abilities. For this reason, in this study, researchers focused on examining the development of critical thinking learning in social science subjects at the elementary school level. The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance of learning to think critically in elementary school students, especially in social studies learning. This study uses qualitative methods by collecting data through interviews and observation. the data obtained was then analyzed qualitatively. This study shows the importance of teachers in developing models and innovating learning in the classroom to improve critical abilities in elementary school children. teachers have an important role to facilitate learning so that children can have a critical attitude.


Media reports on the sex lives of America's young people often tend more to exaggeration than explanation. Depending on the perspective of the writer, college campuses are portrayed as either sexual Somalias or oases of free love. In their new book Premarital Sex in America: How Young Americans Meet, Mate, and Think about Marrying, sociologists Mark Regnerus and Jeremy Uecker assemble a vast body of research to argue that while today's sexual culture may be more permissive, it is anything but lawless.


Performance appraisal is a key link in the performance payment mechanism of government-paid Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects. As the performance appraisal of PPP projects is highly professional and complex, it is usually necessary to introduce a third-party performance appraisal institution to evaluate the project outputs of the private investor. However, driven by economic rent, the private investor has the incentive to seek rent from the third party in the performance appraisal process, leading to the low overall performance level of PPP projects and the inability to achieve the PPP performance appraisal goal effectively. To explore how to avoid rent-seeking in performance appraisal and improve the overall performance of government-paid PPP projects, a tripartite evolutionary game model between the behaviour, third party, and the public sector has been constructed. Based on the evolutionary game model, this study analyses the evolutionary stability of each player's strategy, discusses the influence of various factors on the strategy selection of the three-party, and further analyses the stability of the equilibrium point of the three-party game system. The findings reveal that the public sector can slow down the rent-seeking behaviour of the private sector by setting up a reasonable reward and punishment mechanism. The design of a reasonable reward and punishment mechanism must meet the following conditions: (1) the sum of the reward and punishment of all parties is greater than the speculative income; (2) the amount of performance fee withheld for the private investor is greater than the difference between the project operating cost saved and the speculation cost. The research provides technical support for the design of the performance appraisal mechanism of government-paid PPP projects.


The objective of this paper is to examine the feasibility of incorporating the Knowledge Management (KM) paradigm in healthcare. We discuss whether it would be beneficial for healthcare organisations to adopt the KM paradigm so as to facilitate effective decision-making in the context of healthcare delivery. Alternative healthcare management concepts with respect to their ability in providing a solution to the above mentioned issue are reviewed. This paper concludes that the KM paradigm can transform the healthcare sector. Based on empirical data and a long-term healthcare case study, a preliminary conceptual analysis of alternative healthcare management concepts is presented. The results reveal that KM can assist healthcare institutions (His) in making healthcare processes more effective.