OBJECTIVES
SU-SAVR has been associated with higher rates of permanent pacemaker (PPM) compared with conventionally implanted aortic bioprostheses. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, predictors and mid-term prognostic impact of PPM after Perceval (Livanova, London, UK) SU-SAVR in low-risk patients.

METHODS
A total of 400 consecutive low-risk (EuroSCORE II < 4%) patients without prior pacemaker who underwent SAVR with the Perceval prosthesis from 2013 to 2019 in two centres were included. Baseline, clinical and electrocardiographic parameters, procedural characteristics, and follow-up data were collected.

RESULTS
PPM was required in 36 (9%) patients after SU-SAVR, with a median time between the procedure and PPM implantation of 7.5 (4.5-10.5) days. Older age and prior right bundle branch block (RBBB) were associated with an increased risk of PPM (p < 0.05 for all), but only baseline RBBB was found to be an independent predictor of new PPM requirement (Odds ratio: 2.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.15-5.81; p = 0.022). At a median follow-up of 3.4 (2.3-4.5) years, there were no differences between groups in mortality (PPM: 36%, no PPM: 22%, p = 0.105) or heart failure rehospitalization (PPM: 25%, no PPM: 21%, p = 0.839).

CONCLUSIONS
About 1 out of 10 low-risk patients with aortic stenosis undergoing SU-SAVR with the Perceval prosthesis required PPM implantation. Prior RBBB determined an increased risk (close to 3 times) of PPM following the procedure. PPM was not associated with a higher risk of clinical events at 3-year follow-up.


To study the charge of particles emitted from the surface of a platinum catalyst, we used the procedure described in reference two. Basically the procedure is: an aerosol flow of charged particles or iron sesquioxide was passed, together with the reaction mixture (10% SO{sub 2} and air), over the surface of the catalyst. Iron oxide is the main component of the dust flow that comes to the catalyst in the industrial contact apparatus for manufacturing sulphuric acid. The presence in the catalytic zone of charged particles will cause the two (ionic and aerosol) flows to interact, and therefore the ratiobetweenn the charged particles will change. Measurements were made determine the change in the ratio between the differently charged particles in the aerosol flow after the catalytic zone. It was concluded that, because the surface of the working catalyst emits positively charged particles to the gas phase, the phenomena observed cannot be caused by exoelectron emission. In the authors opinion, these effects arise from the unipolar charging of the surface of the catalyst particles that occurs in the course of the reaction.


Title 3-D topology optimization of magnetic cores for wireless power transfer with double-sided winding coils Author(s) Otomo, Yoshitsugu; Igarashi, Hajime Citation International journal of applied electromagnetics and mechanics, 60(S1), S115-S123 https://doi.org/10.3233/JAE-191110 Issue Date 2020-03-02 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/76839 Rights The final publication is available at IOS Press through http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAE-191110 Type article (author version) File Information Full_paper_final_submission_IJAEM.pdf


Abstract : This report presents: (1) methodology for developing objective training status criteria for Army units; and (2) the objective criteria developed for rating the training status of tank battalions as input for Unit Status Reports, formerly Unit Readiness Reports. The methodology and tank battalion criteria were designed to meet specified characteristics, including provisions for evaluating key organizational levels within the battalion. An outline plan for field testing the tank battalion criteria is also included. (Author)


Fetal heart biometry is an indicator for providing information about the presence of heart chambers, their growth, and well being. As a clinical routine, ultrasonic scanning based fetal biometry is performed during the second trimester by skilled specialists. Such procedures are often considered tedious and time consuming. Detection of congenital heart abnormalities, such as septal defects, affects the proper functioning of the heart during the growth of the fetus, and such defects can be identified if the fetal heart structure and its features like size, shape, and symmetry are monitored. Recently, attempts have been made to provide computer-aided automated procedure where the performance depends on the efficacy of the developed algorithms. This work focuses on computer aided automated fetal cardiac scanning using 2-D ultrasonic imaging from fetal heart biometry. The process involves extracting frames from the cine-loop sequences followed by removal of noise using morphological filters. The chamber region is recognized by introducing automated region of interest (ROI). Experimental simulation study demonstrates the efficiency of algorithm in detecting the shape of each chamber. The identified chamber shape will further facilitate in automated measurement of fetal heart chamber and thus reduces the qualitative visualization errors. DOI: 10.4018/ijbce.2012010101 2 International Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Engineering, 1(1), 1-13, January-June 2012 Copyright © 2012, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Congenital heart disorders become increasingly pre-dominant in newborns due to lack of detection of such malformations at the early gestation weeks. Early detection of heart malformations and abnormalities pave way for prevention and relief from these congenital disorders. In clinical practice, there are many ways of detecting the malformations. Structural abnormalities have now been described in nearly every system of the fetus including the cardiac, hepatic, cephalic and the femur region. Using high-resolution trans-vaginal ultrasonography, Achiron et al. (1994) were able to detect fetal tachycardia, ectopic cordis with ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, ventricular septal defect with persistent truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, and large right atrium with unguarded tricuspid valve. The measurement of fetal heart chamber is being performed manually by expert sonographers so far. Hence there is a need for automation to recognize the chamber region as well as for automatic measurement of fetal heart chambers. This will ensure accurate measurements of the chamber diameters and eventually will lead to better identification of the symmetricity between the left and right chambers during different gestation weeks. Due to high skills requirement and prolonged time period for visualizing the defects, manual screening of fetal heart chambers is found to be cumbersome. The challenging role for the biomedical community is to introduce efficient automated screening method while maintaining the required clinical diagnostic measures. Although several computer aided algorithm have been proposed recently, a complete automated method has not been explored. This paper attempts to provide computer aided automated screening of second trimester fetal chambers using 2D ultrasound cine loop sequences by introducing automated location of fetal heart chamber with histogram-based segmentation. IMPORTANCE OF FETAL CHAMBER REGION DETECTION In most of the congenital heart defects as reported by Achiron et al. (1994), the pre-dominant heart defects constitute the septal defects, atrial and ventricular's wall size related defects. In order to recognize the level of abnormality, the position, shape, size and symmetry in the fetal heart chambers (Right and left ventricles and atria) need to be exploited. To perform the detection of the chamber region, it is important Figure 1. A typical 2D ultrasound frame of a fetal cardiac four chamber view extracted from a cine loop sequence 11 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage: www.igi-global.com/article/computer-aided-fetal-cardiacscanning/73690?camid=4v1 This title is available in InfoSci-Journals, InfoSci-Journal Disciplines Medicine, Healthcare, and Life Science, InfoSciHealthcare Administration, Clinical Practice, and Bioinformatics eJournal Collection, InfoSci-Physical Sciences, Biological Sciences, and Engineering eJournal Collection, InfoSci-Journal Disciplines Engineering, Natural, and Physical Science. Recommend this product to your


Abstract Over the past two decades, cultural brokerage and translation have become central to the anthropology of human rights. This article sheds new light on the role of cultural brokers as agents capable of placating cultural opposition to human rights. This novel perspective is informed by participant observation at a dialogue group composed of Israeli human rights activists and representatives of one group of their opponents: ultra-Orthodox Mizrahim. This form of activism is called here "deliberative activism" aimed at social learning. This refers to a dialogical activism designed to promote mutual legitimacy and respect between social groups involved in deep cultural conflicts. This activism and the form of translation discovered while observing it—"dialogue-oriented translation"—open new paths for activism that is more equal, reciprocal, and culturally sensitive. However, they also raise new questions regarding the implementation of deliberative principles in activism aimed at advancing human rights.


For original position investigation of Al-Mg and Al-Cu,binary alloy powders during sintering a high-temperature optical microscope was employed,and the regularities in sintering of pure metal powders whose binary alloys have eutectic were revealed.It was shown that the grain boundaries are channels for fast diffusion of atoms.This study provides an experimental basis to improve traditional heating methods of sintering process.


Over the last two decades, John Bowlby's attachment theory has increasingly become recognized as a clinically and theoretically useful approach for conceptualizing and understanding fundamental aspects of personality disorders (PDs). Attachment difficulties are characteristic of virtually all PDs and are often a central feature of personality pathology (Levy, 2005). For example, impoverished relationships are a cardinal feature of schizoid, avoidant, narcissistic, and antisocial PDs, whereas those with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and dependent PD struggle with feelings of aloneness and are preoccupied by fears of abandonment and the dissolution of close relationships. Furthermore, intense and stormy relationships are one of the central features of BPD (Levy, 2005), but those with dependent pathology appear incapable of functioning without the aid of others (Bornstein, 1993). A number of clinical theorists and researchers have recently begun to conceptualize these interpersonal aspects of PDs as stemming from impairments in the AN INTEGRATIVE ATTACHMENT THEORY FRAMEWORK OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS


There were evaluated the differences between the line and grade «Obriy» created on its base disomno-supplemented line «O27-2», which was bearing the alien signs of resistance to leaf rust and the leaf trichomes on amfiploida Elymus fertile. It is mainly determined by the negative impact of alien chromosomes on the characteristics of the main spike (length, amount of spikelets and grains, grain weight), plant height, number and weight grains with the regrowth. But signs: productive tillering, the length of the main spike, amount of spikelets in the main spike, grain mass from the main spike, with the regrowth and, in general, with the plants – some is influence substantially modified by the conditions of the year. Supplemented line the higher was characterized by thousand kernel weight, in accordance with a recurrent form. Specified chromosome significantly increases plant resistance to leaf rust, but has no effect on the response of plants to be affected with powdery mildew, yellow and stem rust, septoria blight, barley yellow dwarf virus in which both lines showed susceptibility.


Solid state electrolyte system-based polyethylene oxide (PEO) been widely used as one of the promising polymer host that mainly used in advance material such as secondary battery. They have many benefits of PEO such as good electrochemical stability, excellent compatibility with inorganic salts, reasonable fabrication cost, good safety, and good energy density. However, due to the semicrystalline behaviour this electrolyte system poor mechanical strength and thermo-stability limit its application in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Worldwide research has been conducted to enhance the mechanical strength and electrochemical properties of the PEO electrolyte system such as blending, inorganic filler and plasticizer etc. Therefore, in this review the topic has been narrow down on issues of PEO polymer electrolytes system.


This study focuses on the safety of use of medical devices during a training program of nurse anaesthetists in Haiti. Our aim is to describe five observable near misses from the perspective of Human Factors and Ergonomics. The results reveal specific challenges related to the vulnerable learning environment of the nurse anaesthetists. In the discussion the authors elaborate on four ways in which systemic interdependencies of technology potentially contribute to safety threats: delay of procedure, attention diversion, introducing errors and worsening work conditions. Finally, this discussion proposes a System Design approach for innovation of appropriate medical devices.


With the development of Chinas "west-to-east power transmission" program,the power plant construction of Guangdong power network as the receiving end has become extremely important to the stable operation of the power grid and the improvement on outside electricity receiving capacity.In the light of the power grid planning of Guangdong and its outside electricity receiving situation,this paper emphatically deals with the influence of power plant distribution in Guangdong on the capacity of receiving outside electricity after the 11th Five-Year Plan. It is concluded that large power plants should be rationally planned according to outside electricity receiving locations and the power transmission schemes used,thus further equalizing the load flow distribution and improving the capacity of receiving outside electricity.


We present a novel design for a high quality (Q)-factor, nonlinear planar photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity incorporating a silicon/polymer material that is well suited to ultrafast all-optical switching. The hybrid nanocavity is created in the centre of a triangular lattice planar PhC made from silicon using the three-missing-holes point defect (L3). It is formed by infiltrating the air hole array of the PhC with polymer and by depositing a polymer layer on top of a PhC membrane. To determine the hybrid nonlinear cavity performance, we analyze the dependence of the refractive index (RI) of the top cladding on the Q-factor and resonant wavelength. The results show that, when the top cladding RI is increased from 1.5 to 1.6, corresponding to that of polymer materials, the Q-factor decreases markedly (Q < 103). Optimization of the hybrid nonlinear silicon/polymer cavity design by modulating the structure parameters yields a high Q-factor of 54 000 with a small modal volume across the telecommunications band. In addition, the field distribution of the resonant mode indicates that the radiation loss is sufficiently small. Due to the overwhelmingly large Kerr nonlinearity of polymer over silicon, this structure configuration design shows considerable promise as regards the realization of ultrafast response speed in small-sized all-optical switching integrated devices.


The latest generation of carbon monoxide sensors and hydrogen sulfide sensors have released by City Technology.By upgrading to the City Technology 4CF+ and 4HS+,OEMs will not only benefit from the product advantages conferred by leading edge manufacturing technology but the improved performances,reliability and stability that the latest generation offered.The advantages and improved performances of upgrades are introduced simply in this paper.The guidelines for users are given,too.


Research into stress is growing rapidly and there has been little attempt to reflect on the variety of reseach methodologies employed, or the future direction of research generally. This book should equip researchers and practitioners in health psychology, medicine and human resources, with background for a critical appreciation of published research as well as bases for action research in practice settings. The distinguished list of contributors provide a summary of stress research methods in studies which include mental and physical health, job and life events both physiological and epidemiological and Type A behavioural patterns.


Young women who have sex with men are vulnerable to infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), because of both the potential presence of infectious organisms and young women's lack of appropriate and effective personal skills in asserting their relationship needs, and their needs for protection against infection. The increasing incidence of STDs, including HIV, in young women would reduce if the women could be enabled to develop techniques, such as the communication, negotiation, and assertiveness skills needed to manage their sexual health within a heterosexual relationship. One obstacle to bringing about substantive changes in heterosexual behavior is that STDs are not fully acknowledged as a public health issue by non-gay people. However, an overwhelming body of evidence from sources around the world shows that STDs are mainly infections of heterosexual people aged 15-30 years, and that the concept of a risk group is unsound for educational purposes. Risk behavior is what matters. Other obstacles include the belief among many that heterosexual behavior is natural, and that sex must be penetrative; serial monogamy; lack of frank communication between sex partners; the absence of a heterosexual community; and current economic and political circumstances.


an apology from our readers for again recurring to it; and yet, though the great problem has been solved, and its bearings canvassed in every possible direction, so many doubts continue to be expressed, that we question whether the views we "will attempt to unfold have taken that hold of the professional mind, which, by logical sequence, they are entitled to possess. Nor need we be surprised at such an issue. It is always a painful process to resign one's belief in certain plausible doctrines which we may have been obstinately cultivating through good and evil report, and to be forced to return step by step to those first principles that for the time being we have set at nought, or perhaps we have too


The solubility of 1, 1, 1, 2,2-pentafluoroethane (HFC125), 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a), 1, 1, 1-trifluoroethane (HFC143a) and 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC152a) in four well-known hydrocarbons have been measured at temperatures between 293.15 and 363.15 K and pressures between 0.05 and 2 MPa. Henry's constant, and the activity coefficient for HFCs at infinite dilution, have been derived for measurements below 0.28 MPa. The measurements were made with an isochoric method and their uncertainty is less than 2% for Henry's constant and less than 3% at high pressure. For several mixtures, the experimental data have been correlated with the UNIQUAC method and binary interaction parameters have been derived, resulting in a deviation from the data of less than 4%.

La solubilite de 1, 1, 1, 2, 2-pentafluoroethane (HFC125), de 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluorethane (HFC134a), de 1, 1, 1-trifluoroethane (HFC143a) et de 1, 1-difluorethane (HFC152a) dans quatre hydrocarbures bien connus a ete mesuree e des temperatures entre 293,15 et 363,15 K et des pressions entre 0,05 et 2 MPa. La constante de Henry et le coefficient d'activite pour les HFC e une dilution infinie ont ete calcules pour les mesures effectuees en-dessous de 0,28 MPa. Les mesures ont ete realisees avec une methode isovolumique et leur incertitude est inferieure e 2% pour la constante de Henry et inferieure e 3% e une pression elevee. Pour plusieurs melanges, les donnees experimentales ont ete correlees avec la methode UNIQUAC et des parametres d'interaction binaire ont ete calcules, montrant un ecart avec les donnees de moins de 4%.


This article is based on an accumulation of much information and analysis of security frauds and regulatory compliance since the Wall Street Financial Implosion of 2008. Its objective is not about controlling high-risk securities frauds through improved identification and enhanced enforcement of existing (or new) administrative, civil, and/or criminal laws. On the contrary, it is about demonstrating the futility of these strategies and revealing the structural necessities for developing other means of social control. The article proceeds by locating financial global capital within the world economy so as to relate discussions of crime control within the framework of capitalist development. To advance my argument, I begin by describing the contradictory forces of free-market capitalism as well as the failures of securities law to deter Wall Street like financial frauds. I then turn to an appraisal of the inefficacies and noncontrols of state-legal interventions into high-stakes financial frauds. Finally, consistent with the building of a globally sustainable ecosystem, I present an array of policy prescriptions that could make a difference in the struggle against securities frauds.


Horizontal wells are still relatively new, and the economics of horizontal versus vertical wells are still being evaluated in many areas. Pressure transient analyses, long used in vertical wellbores, offer the means to evaluate the effects of a well completion (mechanical damage) in a horizontal well and provide some of the parameters required to assess the long-term economics of a reservoir. This paper reports on a review of the flow regime identification and parameter estimation processes which emphasizes the necessity for production logs to guide the analysis. The field example chosen illustrates some of the challenges associated with interpreting pressure transient data in horizontal wells with a constant pressure boundary. This example also highlights the need for using history matching to obtain a final solution for reservoir parameters.


800x600 The first purpose of this study was to compare consumers' attitudes towards advertising through sport with their attitudes towards advertising in general. The second purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between beliefs about and attitude towards advertising through sport, mostly due to the reason that it was expected that enterprises should profit from the use of sport as an advertising medium and the identification of specified beliefs influencing to positive attitudes would enhance advertising strategies. The data was collected from randomly selected 433 stakeholders in Montenegro (male: 217; female: 216) during the spring semester of 2010. The system of variables consist 39 items, modeled by seven-point Likert scale, of attitudes and beliefs about and eight demographic items that were modified from Pyun's original items to fit each area. The factor analysis were employed to take the best item of each construct, while Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to compare consumers' attitudes towards advertising through sport with their attitudes towards advertising in general. Then, Optimal Scaling Method was employed to reveal the relationships between beliefs about and attitude towards advertising through sport. The consumers' attitudes towards advertising through sport were significantly more positive than their attitudes towards advertising in general, while all beliefs, except materialism significantly influenced consumers' attitude towards advertising through sport in Montenegro. Hence, the findings of this study develop a clear - sighted knowledge base in order to provide a practical guide to the sport marketers.


NATO is developing a new IT infrastructure that will enable automated information sharing between different information security domains and provide strong separation between different communities of interest while supporting dynamic and flexible enforcement of the need-to-know principle. In this context, the Content-based Protection and Release (CPR) model has been introduced to support the specification and enforcement of access control policies used in NATO and, more generally, in complex organizations. While the ability to support fine-grained security policies for a large variety of users, resources and devices is desirable, the definition, maintenance, and enforcement of these policies can be difficult, time-consuming, and error-prone. Thus, automated support for policy analysis to help designers in these activities is needed. In this paper we show that several policy-related analysis problems of practical interest can be reduced to SMT problems, we propose an effective enforcement mechanism relying on attribute-based encryption (ABE), and assess the scalability of our approach on an extensive set of synthetic benchmarks.


This paper presents a Direct-Quadrature (DQ) rotating frame control method for single phase full-bridge inverters used in small hybrid power systems. A secondary orthogonal imaginary circuit is created to provide the second phase required for the transformation; thus a DQ model of the inverter is obtained and its controller designed emulating the controls of three-phase power converters. The proposed controller attains infinite loop gain in the rotating coordinate, thus providing zero steady-state error at the fundamental frequency of the converter. The proposed controller is designed and validated through simulations using a DQ-frame average model in Matlab and a detailed switching model in Saber, as well as experimental results obtained with a 2.5 kW single phase full-bridge inverter prototype using a DSP/FPGA based digital control system where the proposed DQ-frame controller is fully implemented.


More than 800 doctors and other health care providers are pushing back against Ontario's freeze on overdose prevention sites, joining more than 100 health and advocacy groups in protesting the policy.

Doug Ford's Progressive Conservative government announced in August it would pause planned


In an age of increasingly modern mathematics is not just for the handful of people who are devoted to it, but everyone needs to understand the math. Therefore all students should have the opportunity or the support to learn significant mathematics. One of mathematical ability needs to be improved, namely mathematical literacy and one of the supporting attitude that is the mathematical abilities of habits of mind The purpose of this study: (1) to know the importance of mathematical literacy ability; (2) to know the mathematical literacy and mathematical habits of mind ability can be improved through learning Situation Based Learning (SBL). The conclusion of this study are (1) mathematical literacy ability is important and should be developed because of mathematical literacy is its objective to facilitate each individual in formulating, analyzing, resolving the existing problems in daily life, (2) models situation based learning (SBL) can increase the ability of mathematical literacy and mathematical habits of mind because this model is highly synchronized with what is required of every aspect of mathematical literacy one aspect of context


The purpose of this paper is not simply to re-examine the doctrine of informed consent. The purpose, however, is to identify how the doctrine has evolved, its scope expanded, and how it has created serious consequences for physicians and patients. Specifically, this paper focuses on the differential diagnosis - the process by which a physician arrives at a diagnosis - and how some jurisdictions have manipulated informed consent to encompass this process. This paper will urge that the application of informed consent to the differential diagnosis is an unnecessary expansion of the doctrine and, potentially, compromises health care.


political leaders, and selective rather than wholesale delegation of authority. Greenstein suggests that what worked for Eisenhower because of his personality, the political climate of the time, and his incremental approach to change of policy might not work for other presidents. Greenstein does, however, see a future for bipartisan techniques in more "crisis" times (p. 229). This contribution to the presidency literature belongs in the same genre of psycho-personal and leadership techniques as the work of James D. Barber, Richard Neustadt, Alexander and Juliette George, and Erwin Hargrove. It does not address the arguments raised by the success rate of policy initiatives approach to the presidency held by George Edwards, Steven Wayne, and more recently Robert Spitzer who argue that policy content is as important, or more important, to presidential success than are leadership skills. In 1962 scholars reacting to an Arthur Schlesinger, Sr. survey on presidential greatness ranked Eisenhower 21 (in a tie with Chester A. Arthur) of 31. Had the information Greenstein unearthed been available at that time, possibly the results would have been different. Students of leadership literature, presidential studies, and Eisenhower historians are encouraged to assimilate the valuable information and analysis Greenstein has provided.


This paper shows how knowledge management and conceptual maps can be used in the replication of knowledge among an organization of software production and its affiliates. The model of knowledge management and analysis of its effectiveness are presented in a case study.


According to the developing rule and the requirements of the clothing structure method, this paper shows the necessity of setting simulant standard form, introduces the conditions, steps and methods of setting clothing form and puts forward constructively simulant standard form in the method of clothing structure-clothing form.


Work in Thermosonics (Vibration Thermography) has demonstrated the ability to make cracks in metals, delamination in composites and disbonds visible to Infrared Thermography. A basic question of what energy levels are needed to "activate" the discontinuities remains as an impediment to a universal understanding and use of the technique. A specific strain gage configuration to measure only differential movement between the sides of a crack was compared with laser vibrometry measurements of the surface movement and crack infrared emittance levels of simple samples. Measurements were made to measure the effect of varying some of the operating parameters and the relationship of the measurements to crack visibility.


A traffic analysis system and a service method thereof are provided to analyze the vehicles before and after moving by extracting the feature point corresponding to the vehicles included in a captured image. A photographing device produces a moving picture by photographing the vehicles. A moving picture receiver(210) receives the moving picture generated in the photographing device. A moving picture capturing unit(220) converts the received moving picture into the image for each frame. A vehicle detection unit(230) produces first and second picture difference image before and after moving the vehicles to remove image before and after moving the vehicle with the same pixel value. A Gaussian difference image generating unit(240) generates the Gaussian difference image before and after moving the vehicle to remove a pixel value between adjacent Gaussian images. A feature point extraction unit(250) determines the feature point candidate more than the critical value which is arbitrarily set up with the feature point candidate as the feature point. A feature point vector unit(260) compares vector feature points before and after moving the vehicles.


journey, the state released itself from its 'fiscal-military' shackles during a century (1815–1914) in which it involved itself in only one brief European war. At the same time, it increasingly accepted responsibility for devising a fairer, less regressive, taxation system. Thus, although in the 1850s, direct taxation represented only 31 per cent of government revenue, Peel's recent introduction of income tax was already realizing almost 40 per cent of the direct-tax element. Peel was very careful to ensure that only the best paid and most secure of the labouring classes should pay any income tax at all. In the years leading up to World War I, direct taxation, now amply reinforced by the introduction of death duties, produced more revenue (52.3 per cent) than indirect for the first time, death duties and income tax between them realizing three-quarters of that proportion. In the course of his lucid and informed exposition, Daunton exposes such fashionable catch-alls as 'gentlemanly capitalism' to a forensic examination from which they emerge as distinctly threadbare and outdated. Anyone wishing to understand how the inevitability of taxation became at least bearable in a rapidly changing 'liberal state' needs to become acquainted with this high-quality collection of contributions. Eric J. Evans Lancaster University


This review is devoted to books on the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern historiography of the French Revolution; and a book in which the image of Louis-Stanislas Xavier, who became King Louis XVIII, is depicted on a broad historical background.


This article is devoted to the detection of plant diseases using a platform with a deep neural network using information technologies. The goal of the work is to create a publicly available platform for detecting plant diseases, which is based on a model of a deep neural network trained in 45 classes of 15 crops (apple, corn, blueberry, rice, cherry, grapes, peach, orange, bell pepper, potatoes, raspberries, soybeans, strawberries, tomato and tea). The use of digital image processing is proposed to detect diseases. The study of many plant species has shown that this method has a high potential for determining the yield and quality of plants and is superior to traditional methods. Based on the finished Plant Disease Expert image data set taken from Kaggle, an EfficientNetB3 model was created that showed impressive results in the average accuracy of determining plant diseases - 98.1%. The article is supplied with graphic materials and tables, as well as a detailed description of each stage of the study.


I t is important to realize that the effect of changes in the oxygen affinity of the blood is not the same in the different forms of hypoxaemia. When the cause is right-to-left shunting, while the alveolar oxygen tension is normal-and this is the dominating clinical problem-a decrease in the blood oxygen affinity will substantially increase the oxygen tension in arterial and venous blood-and consequently in the tissues of the body-while an increase in the blood oxygen affinity will decrease oxygen tension. The saturation, however, will not be influenced by the shifts per se. In alveolar hypoxia with a normal right-to-left shunt, the oxygen tension will not be influenced by changes in the blood oxygen affinity, but a decrease in it will cause a fall in arterial saturation, and tissues which normally have a large oxygen extraction-the heart and the brain-will have to further increase their perfusion to avoid a hypoxic catastrophe. An increase in the blood oxygen affinity will increase saturation. In "mixed" hypoxaemia, due to both right-to-left shunting and a subnormal alveolar oxygen tension, the effect is very much like that in alveolar hypoxia alone. Saturation decreases with a decrease in the blood oxygen affinity and increases with an increase in the blood oxygen affinity. Arterial tension is not influenced, but mixed venous tension will fall with a decrease in the blood oxygen affinity. Figure 1 shows graphically the changes in oxygen tension. The usual way of plotting the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve makes us inclined to consider oxygen tension as the factor which determines oxyhaemoglobin saturation. This is correct in the ventilated parts of the lungs. In arterial blood the reverse is true; arterial blood is a mixture of blood with varying oxygen content


Received Nov 6, 2019 Revised Mar 3, 2020 Accepted Jul 17, 2020 In the workplace, hard skills and soft skills are equally taken into account, especially in this 21 century, where people are required to have 'global employability skills' to secure a good job. This study aims to determine the benefits of international mobility programs have on the ability of soft skills, especially in the aspects of communication, social skills and flexibility—as parts of 'global employability skills'--of students and alumni of a Vocational College within three years from 2017 to 2019. The research method used is by distributing questionnaires Google Form with Likert Scale format from strongly disagree to strongly agree scale 1-5. Research subjects were active students and graduates of Vocational College (Sekolah Vokasi) UGM who had participated in international mobility programs, both incoming and outgoing programs, organized by the OIA SV-UGM, in 2017-2019. The respondents were 60 people. The results showed that the developed soft skills were language and communication skills, interpersonal skills, teamwork, cultural understanding and adaptability and openness. Specifically for alumni, soft skills that are highly developed and helpful in the working world are adaptability and openness (82.9%), cultural understanding (74.3%), language and communication skills (71.4%), ability to work together (65.7%), and interpersonal skills (54.3%).


The main objective of our work is to find an adaptive master controller responsible for controlling the power flow in a microgrid. Due to the different types of microgrids, and the variables that changes on a daily basis throughout the year, we chose Deep Reinforcement Learning to be the control strategy behind our master controller. This type of algorithm will be able to adapt to any given situation and could be used in any microgrid when it reaches a sufficient level of training. We only need to accurately model the microgrid which will be the environment where the Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent can perform the training before it could be applied to a real-world microgrid. The results show that the RL controller gives better performance than a simple human-designed algorithm, even if using limited computing power.


At the beginning of the 1990s the situation in Russia was quite tense: the collapse of the Soviet Union, the economic instability, the change of the political system and the creation of a new Russian state. Under these conditions, the existing models of organizations'' management structure were revised. The structure of the postal service throughout the 1991-2010 was modified, there were two main stages: 1) 1991-2002: the decentralization of the postal system and the creation of separate departments of the federal postal service in the Russian Federation regions; 2) 2002-2010: the restructuring of the postal service and the creation of the united Post Service Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FSUE) "Russian Post". At the first stage, the communication sphere has been divided into independent organizations postal service, radio, radio and television broadcasting, and other types of telecommunications. As a result, 85 independent departments of federal postal service organized on a territorial basis were established. However, management changes of postal service did not provide a stable work. Reduction of income and decrease of demand led to a crisis of postal service. Thus, the postal service in 1991-2002, both in Russia and in its regions, was characterized as an unstable communication system. At the beginning of the 2000s the postal management structure became inefficient and needed transformation. At the second stage, the existing postal management structure was revised. The centralized management structure with a combination of geographic and functional structures was selected for the Russian Post Service. In 2002 the FSUE Russian Post was created and the process of uniting the federal postal service departments began, ending in 2010. As a result of the restructuring of the postal management structure the quality of services and the income increased. The process of post offices centralization created a united postal network providing guaranteed services throughout the country. Thus, the management structure of the postal service throughout the 1991-2010 changed twice. The decentralized system of the 1990s was forced. The subdividing had a negative impact on the efficiency of the postal sphere. At the beginning of the 2000s the management system of the postal service was revised. The governing body returned to the centralized system of the postal network, putting forward the goals of increasing the quality of services and profitability of post offices.


INTRODUCTION: Biofilm formation differs in accordance to material type and processing technique, which has a crucial impact on maxillofacial prosthetic materials' practicability. OBJECTIVES: to compare the prevalence of the upper respiratory tract and oral microbial flora colonization on the two commercially available forms of polyetheretherketone (modified PEEK); the conventional press form and the CAD-CAM form. MATERIALS AND METHODS: : forty eight circular discs, were processed forming four groups: Group I: twelve BioHPP discs were prepared with CAD-CAM form, Group II: twelve BioHPP discs with conventional press form, Group III: twelve heat polymerized poly methyl meth acrylate (PMMA) to mimic the polished surface Group IV: twelve heat cured PMMA to mimic the fitting surface. Microbiological procedures were performed including microbiological sampling, isolation, purification and identification, biofilm formation and assessment of the normal oral and respiratory flora on modified PEEK and PMMA discs. RESULTS: Acrylic resin fitting surface group had the highest biofilm formation when compared with the three other groups. No statistical significant difference was found between each pair of the three remaining groups, CAD-CAM BioHPP group showed the lowest biofilm formation of all groups according to mathematical data, but it didn't approach the level of being statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Both BioHPP processing techniques were positive for biofilm formation, though BioHPP CAD-CAM showed a rougher surface than pressed BioHPP, it showed the least biofilm formation of all groups. Fitting surface of acrylic resin group showed the worst results for biofilm formation


SP110 deficiency in humans causes veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency (VODI, OMIM: 235550), a rare and often fatal primary immunodeficiency. Clinically, patients present with hepatic veno-occlusive disease and typically life-threatening pneumocystis infections, although T- and B-cell numbers are normal. Pneumocystis pneumonia is known to be aggravated by T cell mediated immunopathology. Sp110 is a family member of the Sp100/Sp140 protein family which associates with PML- nuclear bodies. Sp110 is known to be upregulated by interferons (IFN) and is believed to modulate gene transcription. However, how SP110 affects immunity and T cell function in particular is very poorly understood.
In my PhD thesis we characterized a previously unknown role of Sp110 as a key T cell intrinsic immune-regulatory protein. First, we demonstrated that high T cell intrinsic Sp110 protein levels augment re-stimulation induced T cell apoptosis. This Sp110 dependent c-Jun/JNK signaling pathway dependent apoptosis was associated with increased caspase 9 activity, while extrinsic, FAS mediated apoptosis was much less affected by Sp110. We also demonstrated that type I interferon treatment (IFN I) of primary human T cell blasts augmented Sp110 levels such that augmented Sp110 dependent T cell apoptosis was observed.
Second, we demonstrated that Sp110 deficiency augmented re-stimulation induced c-Jun/JNK dependent T cell intrinsic interferon-γ production. Application of these findings in VODI patients suggest that Sp110 deficient T cells fail to undergo re-stimulation induced apoptosis while secreting non-regulated amounts of interferon-γ. This likely explains the particular susceptibility of VODI patients to pneumocystis pneumonia but also identifies Sp110 as an essential immune regulatory protein in diseases associated with augmented IFN-I formation such as chronic virus infections, systemic autoimmune diseases or some primary (monogenic) immunodeficiencies.


The recent Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB) resulted in revised standards for capital requirements for market risks in a bank's trading book. As part of the ruleset, default risk needs to be measured and capitalized through a dedicated Default Risk Charge (DRC). With the DRC as an extreme tail risk measure at 99.9% confidence level for portfolio default losses at a one-year horizon, there is inherent model risk associated with the reflection of joint defaults. Wilkens and Predescu (2017) proposed an overall framework for modeling the DRC that is based on a Gaussian factor copula model to capture the coincidence of defaults. This paper assesses the resulting model risk by analyzing alternative copulas (Gaussian, Student t, and Clayton) and the influence on the DRC figures with the help of a set of example portfolios. The copula choice can affect the DRC considerably, especially for directional and less diversified portfolios; the influence on typical larger-scale, diversified portfolios is much less pronounced. The uncertainty arising from the calibration of any copula from only a few data points – as implied by the regulation – is at least of equal importance as the selection of the dependence model itself.


Limitations of ordinary analysis for the magnetotelluric impedance tensor makes applications difficult. Canonical decomposition, which is probably the best method of dealing with 3-D MT impedance, allows a reasonable-measure of appliance because a set of integrated parameters can be determined. In this paper, we use canonical decomposition to determine a modified parameter formula, and ellucidate a combined analysis for the relationship and difference between canonical decomposition and coordinate circumrotation. The geological significance of this is discussed.


Summary form only given. Highway automation requires intelligent vehicle control in lateral and longitudinal direction. For the dynamical analysis of such controls a convoy of two passenger cars is used. The lecture presents the modeling of both vehicles using the method of multibody systems. Complex vehicle models are developed for simulation purposes which are supplemented by reduced vehicle models for control design. On the basis of these models different control concepts are introduced for the lateral control including PID control, state feedback and H/sub /spl infin// control. On the other hand, for the longitudinal control, a nonlinear controller with exact state linearization is presented using the flatness of the vehicle system. Simulation results for different maneuvers are presented. The methods applied are also of great interest for automated transport by trucks in convoy enhancing the field of vehicle dynamics.


Ab initio VB calculations were used to determine the accurate spectroscopic parameters of the ground states of LiF and NaF. A set of potential energy curves corresponding to the ground states including ionic and covalent interactions, pure ionic interaction and covalent interaction were generated using the VBSCF method. Curve crossing in the dissociation processes of LiF and NaF was discussed. The optimized VB wave functions suggest that LiF and NaF are of high ionicity, and their ionic weights are 86 2% and 94 6%, respectively. NaF has a higher ionicity. The main difference between atom F and ion F - and the effect of the proper description of this difference on dissociation energies were investigated.


The circuit for protecting the audio deterioration of the digital volume by controlling the gain of the volume data according to the control data derived from the digital volume data and the level attenuation includes a digital signal processor (10), a digital level controller (20), a 1st signal detector (30) for detecting the control data, a 1st D/A converter for receiving and D/ A-converting the audio data with the-clock, a 1st gain controller (70) for controlling the gain of the output of the 1st D/ A converter (40), a 1st low pass filter (90) for low-pass filtering the output of the 1st gain controller (70), a 2nd signal detector (50), a 2nd D/A converter (60), a 2nd gain controller (80), and a 2nd low pass filter (100).


We report finite‐ring calculations revealing that spin‐1 ferromagnetic easy‐plane chains in a symmetry‐breaking field are well described by a weakly interacting Bose gas. The thermally‐induced central peak (CP) previously observed by neutron scattering from CsNiF3, and interpreted in terms of solitons, is traced back to annihilation/creation processes of the excitations. Its temperature variation shows a pronounced interaction‐mediated saturation. The essential features of the spin dynamics and of the field and temperature dependence of the specific heat can be explained without solitons. We predict corresponding CP phenomena in a large variety of spin systems.


A central problem for Grid (or web) services is how to gain confidence that a remote principal (user or system) will behave as ex- pected. In Grid security practice at present, issues of confidentiality and data integrity rely on weak social trust mechanisms of "reputation main- tenance": a principal who is introduced by a reputable party should hopefully behave in "best effort" to maintain the reputation of the in- troducer. As will be discussed in this paper, this gentleman's notion of trust is insufficient for a large class of problems in Grid services. The emerging Trusted Computing (TC) technologies offer great po- tential to improve this situation. The TC initiative developed by the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) takes a distributed-system-wide ap- proach to the provisions of integrity protection for systems, resources and services. Trust established from TC is much stronger than that de- scribed above: it is about conformed behaviors of a principal such that the principal is prohibited from acting against the granted interests of other principals it serves. We consider that this stronger notion of trust from TC naturally suits the security requirements for Grid services or science collaborations. We identify and discuss in this paper a number of innovations that the TC technologies could offer for improving Grid security.


Background/Aim: Resistance to metronidazole is one of the most common reasons for Helicobacter pylori treatment failure with the classic triple therapy. The clarithromycin-based regimen is not cost-effective for use in developing countries. Though furazolidone is a great substitute it has many side effects. Decreasing the duration of treatment with furazolidone to 1 week may help decrease the drug's side effects. Aim: To study the efficacy and side effects of furazolidone when given for 1 week in combination with bismuth subcitrate, amoxicillin, and omeprazole. Patients and Methods: One hundred and seventy-seven patients with duodenal ulcer were randomly divided into two groups. Group I received omeprazole 2 Χ 20 mg + amoxicillin 2 Χ 1 g + bismuth subcitrate 4 Χ 120 mg for 2 weeks, with furazolidone 2 Χ 200 mg in the first week only. Group II received the same regimen, except that 1 week of furazolidone was followed by 1 week of metronidazole in the second week. Control endoscopy was performed after 6 weeks. Three biopsies from the antrum and three from the corpus were taken for urease testing and histology. Eradication was concluded if all tests were negative for H pylori. Results: One hundred and fifty-seven patients completed the study. Two subjects from group I and three from group II did not tolerate the regimen and were excluded from the analysis. No serious complication was detected in any patient. The eradication rates by per-protocol (PP) analysis and intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis were 89% and 79.3% in group I and 86.6% and 74.4% in group II, respectively. Conclusion: One week of furazolidone in combination with 2 weeks of amoxicillin, omeprazole, and bismuth subcitrate is a safe and cost-effective regimen for the eradication of H pylori. Adding metronidazole to the above regimen does not increase the eradication rate.


Author(s): Safranski, Christopher | Advisor(s): Krivorotov, Ilya N | Abstract: Manipulation of magnetic materials by the spin degree of freedom is leading way to a new generation of electronics known as spintronics. The nanodevices using these properties are becoming attractive candidates for technological applications, since they can potentially consume less power than their semiconductor counterparts. One particular device of interest is the spin toque oscillator, which is a nanoscale source of microwave power. In this study, a spin torque oscillator based on the insulating material Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) is produced to study the eects of pure spin currents. In the process of reaching this goal, several types of preliminary developments are chronicled and new measurement techniques developed. The process of fabricating the YIG based nanodevices is described as well.


BACKGROUND
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein produced in the liver. An elevated CRP is a nonspecific marker of inflammation. Additionally, it also appears to be a prognostic marker in several malignancies. Elevated CRP levels in adult patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) were reported previously. However, levels of CRP have not been evaluated in pediatric and adolescent HD patients.

PROCEDURE
We analyzed CRP serum levels in 95 consecutive pediatric and adolescent patients with Hodgkin disease. CRP levels were correlated with stage, absence or presence of B symptoms, and prognosis.

RESULTS
At the time of diagnosis increased serum CRP levels were found in 64 % (61/95) of the patients with a median of 21 mg/L (range: <5-211). Serum C-reactive protein levels correlated with stage and were higher in patients with B symptoms. Higher CRP levels were associated with an increased risk of relapse.

CONCLUSION
In addition to soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels, CRP holds promise as a diagnostic and prognostic index and follow-up monitor in pediatric and adolescent patients with Hodgkin disease, and merits further investigation.


The Poisson's ratio resulting from multiaxial creep of concrete, which has been reported by some experimental works, is controversial. When calculated from measured strains, Poisson's ratio is very sensitive to small experimental error. This sensitivity makes it difficult to determine whether the ratio varies with time or remains constant, and whether it has a different value with stress states. To understand precisely the properties of multiaxial creep of concrete, a new approach is needed. In this study, microplane model is applied to optimally fitting test data extracted from experimental studies on multiaxial creep of concrete. Double-power law is used as a model to represent volumetric and deviatoric creep evolutions on a microplane. Six parameters representing the volumetric and deviatoric compliance functions are determined from regression analysis, and the optimum fits accurately simulate the test data. Poisson's ratio is calculated from the optimum fits and its value varies with time. Regression ...


At the present time participants are looking for an appropriate package that includes all the advanced features because they have become recognizable with the evidence of mobile phone technology. At present, it is developing very rapidly and addresses all mobile and wireless communications fields. This makes the most important goal of cell phone giants to search for new and improved technology to outperform competitors. The successive gesture of expansions in wireless mobile communications is mandatory to appreciate ubiquitous connectivity through massive volumes and diversity of data, through revenues of hastening accumulation, operate and utilization of information for separable social connections and sensing/control in cyber-physical systems. This research covenants with the study and relative scrutiny of cellular wireless technologies which embraces first, second, third, fourth and fifth generations as they fall beneath the wireless cellular technologies? As well as, the prospects of future generations like the sixth and the seventh generations.


ABSTRACT The study examines assumptions in 1 urban district's regulated choice plan and explores relationships between school performance and housing options of economically disadvantaged families. We use linear regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and plot distributions to analyze a uniquely constructed database combining advertised housing voucher rentals with available school choices across designated zones. Results indicate that 10 of 13 zones offer students an alternative to the low-performing school associated with their address. The distribution of high-performing schools and availability of housing across the zones indicates increased choice for families relying on housing vouchers. However, voucher rentals were not equally distributed across zones, and home schools of 93% of the available housing reported performance below the state median. Questions remain about the feasibility of families in poverty enacting choice. Results suggest the need for greater availability of rentals in areas with better performing schools.


We report an unusual complication of late dislocation of a total hip replacement. The femoral stem had completely migrated from the shaft. The insertion of a new long-stem prosthesis was successful.


The removal of samples or the insertion of measuring devices into the ocean bottom can alter the acoustic behavior of these sedimentary materials. A less invasive method for the acoustic characterization of marine sediments in the 1 to 10 kHz frequency range has been investigated. A water‐filled impedance tube has been used to measure the complex reflection coefficient at the surface of a sediment layer at the bottom of a water tank. The acoustic properties of the sediment were obtained as a function of frequency by an inversion process. The system is modeled numerically and an effective fluid description of the sediment is used. The difference between the measured and predicted complex reflection coefficient is minimized through variation of the sediment sound speed and attenuation in the model. Results will be presented for different sediments. [Work supported by U. S. Navy ONR.]


This study attempted to segment restaurant outlet image and identify differences among customer satisfaction. Whereas brand image has been explored...


The thermal decomposition of tetramethyltetrazen was studied in a static system between 127 and 175°. Values of 13·83 and 34·6 were determined for log A(sec.–1) and E(kcal. mole–1), respectively, for the reaction: (CH3)2N–N = N–N(CH3)2→ N2+ 2(CH3)2NIt was shown that a dimethylamino-radical can react by addition to ethylene, although other workers have suggested that additions to olefins do not occur.


The CHF_3 electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma etched LiNbO_3 (LN) surface was analyzed chemically and crystallographically to investigate the dry-etch machining process for LN crystal, which was recently needed to obtain broader-band optical modulators. The etched surface was entirely covered with amorphous-like precipitates having ~70 nm diameter. These precipitates (or a part of them) were thought to be LiF from Auger electron and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that the LiF was formed and remained on the etched surface while the Nb was almost completely removed.


Several robust censored depth regression methods are compared under contamination. Park and Hwang(2003) suggested a way to circumvent the censoring issue by incorporating Kaplan-Meier type weight in halfspace regression depth and Park(2003) used a similar technique to simplicial regression depth. Hubert et al. (2001) suggested a high breakdown point regression depth based on projection called rcent. A new method to implement censoring in rcent is suggested and compared with two precedents under various contamination and censoring schemes.


Horticultural development of Feijoa sellowiana Berg. as a fruiting plant is discussed with notes on its origin, history, climatic adaptation, cultural requirements, and cultivar de scription and performance in Florida. Propagation, self-fruitFlorida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. N-00796. We thank the following who have helped us in the study of Feijoa cultivars in Florida: Bemis Gordon, Brooksville; Jim Mercer, Chiefland; and the Crowleys, Crawfordville, FL. fulness, and newer germplasm are problems for improvement of this interesting fruit and ornamental plant. Many hundreds of plants of Feijoa are in ornamental hedges and a few in foundation plantings on the University of Florida campus. Because of its hardiness and other qual ities, it is recommended by Watkins and Sheehan (1969) in their popular book on landscape plants for Florida. In 1990, we began to survey the local plantings for possibility of a dual fruiting and landscaping plant. Feijoa flowers in late April and May and fruit ripen in September and Oc tober, so there are no frost hazards to fruiting. The plant withstands winter cold to —10C (14F) or lower without in jury and is hardy throughout Florida (Mowry et al., 1958) as well as most of the Gulf Coast of the United States. Why has it not also become of interest for its fruit in Florida, as it has in California, New Zealand, Uruguay, France, Russia, and other parts of the world? This paper may answer some questions and suggest solutions. 134 Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 106: 1993.


Frequent failure occurrences arebecoming aserious concerntothecommunity ofhigh-end computing, especially whentheapplications andtheunderlying systems rapidly grow insize andcomplexity. Inordertobetter understand thefailure behavior ofsuchsystems andfurther develop effective fault- tolerant strategies, we havecollected detailed eventlogsfrom IBM BlueGene/L, whichhasasmanyas128Kprocessors, andis currently thefastest supercomputer intheworld. Duetothescale ofsuchmachines andthegranularity ofthelogging mechanisms, thelogscangetvoluminous andusually contain records which maynotallbedistinct. Consequently, itiscrucial tofilter these logstowards isolating thespecific failures, whichcanthenbeuse- fulforsubsequent analysis. However, existing filtering methods either require toomuchdomainexpertise, orproduce erroneous results. Thispaperthusfills thiscrucial voidbydesigning and developing anAdaptive Semantic Filtering (ASF)method, which isaccurate, light-weight, andmoreimportantly, easytoautomate. Specifically, ASFexploits thesemantic correlation between two events, anddynamically adapts thecorrelation threshold based onthetemporal gapbetween theevents. We havevalidated the ASF methodusing thefailure logscollected fromBlueGene/L overa period of98days. Ourexperimental results showthat ASF caneffectively removeredundant entries inthelogs, and thefiltering results canserveasa goodbaseforfuture failure analysis studies.


PURPOSE: A battery pack is provided to effectively utilize a narrow inner space and to be easily welded by forming an electrode connection part and a terminal connection part with one layered metal. CONSTITUTION: A battery pack comprises a battery cell; a protection circuit module which is electrically connected to the battery cell; a case accommodating the battery cell; and a protection circuit module and a lead electrode which is electrically connected to between the battery cells. The lead electrode comprises end connection parts which are connected to the cells or the protection circuit module; and a body part which is connected to the end connection parts and is thicker than the end connection parts.


Subtitle: The Arab Gulf port will continue to benefit from the export of quarry products in the short to medium term.


Demonstrates that there is no tax savings to be achieved by using a trust to restrict a donee's control of property and money transferred gifts during life or at death. Reviews reasons why donors wish to continue to control wealth even after death and suggests that such reasoning is fallacious. Recommends to the estate planning bar that it revise its approach to planning in order to fulfill its obligations to the principal client and other family members. Develops mathematical formulas for analysis of estate planning decisions.


This is the first documented case of time-resolved (4D) intra-aortic whole-brain CTA reported in the literature for a newly diagnosed AVM. This was performed simultaneously as part of a catheter cerebral angiography with both planar and CT imaging, in the hybrid interventional radiology/CT
 suite. The described technique is unique in that intra-aortic injection of diluted contrast was utilized to obtain the time-resolved CTA image of the whole brain.


This is an interdisciplinary research project on fractal geometry and its applications in the field of construction. It aims to combine the domains of mathematics (Prof. P. Buser EPFL/DMA; Dr. E. Tosan LYON/LIRIS/UMR 5205 CNRS) and construction (Prof. Y. Weinand EPFL/IBOIS). The major objectives of this interdisciplinary group are the search and the development of practical applications of fractal geometry in the field of construction.


Abstract Wind data from the ERS‐1 scatterometer have been processed for New Zealand waters. These show spatial features of marine wind fields which have previously been difficult to resolve using conventional surface‐based measurements. Winds across the western access to Cook Strait, delineated by a corridor between Farewell Spit and western Taranaki, were analysed and profiles of wind stress extracted. These show characteristic structures for south‐easterly events in which the stress steadily increases from Farewell Spit towards the Taranaki Coast. In westerly or north‐westerly events the structure is more uniform. The mean stress across this corridor has been compared to that calculated from surface‐based measurements at Farewell Spit and the Maui‐A oil and gas production platform off Cape Egmont. The Farewell spit data lead to underestimates of the stress, which partially reconciles previous attempts to model wind‐driven currents off the west coast of the South Island from these data. In these the curr...


This article deals with an adolescent occupational therapy programme carried out on two wards of London Psychiatric Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada. One ward dealt with drug abuse and the other with the whole spectrum of adolescent problems. The purpose of the article is to give occupational therapists greater insight into the problems facing adolescents and then offer some concrete suggestions for programmes found to be very effective with this age group.


Though wireworms, the larvae of elaterid beetles, are among the most important agricultural pests, little is known about how they feed. Langenbuch (1932) and Subklew (1934) made observations on the feeding behaviour of Agriotes lineatus (L.) and A. obscurus (L.). According to Langenbuch, Agriotes spp. cause a brush-like fraying of cereal stems, which results from the way in which the larvae squeeze the stems with their mandibles, ingest the fluids, and leave the fibres intact. Ctenicera aeripennis destructor (Brown), the most important wireworm species in Western Canada, causes similar injury to cereal crops. The stems are attacked underground and are shredded but not cut off


Reference Counting is the memory management technique of most widespread use today. Very often applications handle objects that are either permanent or get tenured. This paper uses this information to make cyclic reference counting more efficient.


The entry of new members into an organization can be a time of uncertainty and creativity for both newcomers and veterans. This study explored how humor communication was used by members of a human service organization to negotiate the entry of newcomers. Humor was frequently utilized by all members to manage stress and uncertainty while making sense of job expectations, organizational culture, and organizational affiliations. Additionally, many members marked moments of identification with the organization through their ability to use and interpret humor in the organization successfully. Together, newcomers and veterans used humor to co-construct the organizational norms and expectations.


In his target article, C. R. Snyder's program of research demonstrates that hope contributes to important life outcomes ranging from athletics to academics. Snyder's hope theory also elucidates several mediators that account for these outcomes, namely goals, pathways, and agency thinking. Rather than focusing on these extensively researched areas, however, we propose extensions into a relatively under-researched part of the theory: emotion. To be sure, hope theory contends that "thinking is at the core of hope rather than emotions." However, emotions do figure quite prominently in the theory. First, hope theory predicts that people who differ in their tendency to experience hope will also differ in the tendency to experience positive and negative emotion. Whereas high-hope persons should have enduring "positive emotions with a sense of affective zest about the pursuit of goals," low-hope persons should have "negative emotions with a sense of affective lethargy about the pursuit of goals." Moreover, hope theory also predicts that emotions-not cognition-serve to mediate the initiation and maintenance of goal pursuits. Indeed, in the target article, Snyder's overall model of hope shows emotional feedback mechanisms feeding into every step along the path from initial hope thoughts to the ultimate attainment-nonattainment of a goal. We propose that increasing specificity regarding these emotion mechanisms will increase the predictive power of the overall model. In particular, we suggest two interrelated revisions to the hypothesized roles of emotion: First, we argue that negative emotion is not necessarily associated with diminished hope and positive emotion with enhanced hope. Second, we argue that negative emotion is not necessarily associated with lethargic disengagement from goals and positive emotion with the opposite. Each of these proposed revisions represents readily researchable topics in hope theory.


Abstract : We prove that weak derivatives in general Orlicz spaces are globally strong derivatives with respect to the modular convergence. Other approximation theorems involving the modular convergence are presented, which improve known density results of interest in the existence theory for strongly nonlinear boundary value problems. (Author)


A new set of boundary conditions is proposed which allows Monte Carlo (MC) calculations to be carried out accurately in preselected regions of a device structure, thus avoiding impractically long computation time. This technique has been applied to three different silicon device structures: an n-p junction, a 0.3-µm basewidth n+-n-n+diode, and an n+-p-n-n+bipolar-transistor structure with a 0.1-µm basewidth. The results indicate difficulties with the MC method when applied to regions where a large retarding field exists. A comparison of the results where both the entire device structure can be analyzed and the "regional" MC calculation can be performed, using the proposed boundary conditions, shows good agreement. The computation time using the regional approach, however, is substantially less.


The goal of software construction is a program which may be executed together with other programs by a computer or a network of computers. A computer in this context is any piece of hardware capable of changing state under control of the instructions of a program; this includes microprocessors as well as other electronic devices such as certain types of gate arrays, ASICs etc. We term the computer and other necessary software -such as an operating system -the environment of the software in question.


A key determinant of the unemployment rate variation is the rate at which workers enter and exit the unemployment. In this paper, I examine the Swedish flow rates and specifically the heterogeneity ...


Background: Immunization is a key step in preventing the occupational risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection for healthcare workers (HCWs). The aim of the study was determination of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) coverage rate among HCWs and support staff and immune response 10 years after primary vaccination. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Public Institution Health Centre of Sarajevo Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina during 2005-2017. Second-generation vaccines Euvax (Sanofi Pasteur, Thailand/LG Life


Faculty of Education i ABSTRACT Ever since the dawn of civilization, teachers have been considered as the core of any educational system. They act as the reformers of education and rescue the world through education. As an educator, mentor and guide, they play a pivotal role of being a harbinger and facilitator of social change in the society. The skill and expertise of the teacher as a professional visualizes the future of learners and prepares them to be the good citizens of tomorrow (Kandu, 1988). It is recommended that teachers must be trained to become "reflective practitioners". A teacher occupies an important and unique place in the system of education. He is the heart and soul of this system and leads the students from the darkness of ignorance to the light of knowledge and understanding. He acts as a pivot for the transmission of intellectual traditions and help to keep the lamp of civilization burning. Thus, the importance of a teacher for the community and educational system is very much evident. Although teaching is profession, yet people do not think of a teacher as a professional worker like other professions such as medicine, law, engineering etc. Many consider it not a profession but a mission. The successful teacher must possess the ability and an academic competence for teaching. In this scientific age, the teacher must possess the ability to appreciate and understand the changing needs of the society and must understand the psychological bases of education which influence the education. Teacher education has led to some innovations in its various aspects to work out strategies for planning and implementing innovative programmes by making themselves familiar with the areas for innovations, process and skill of innovating new ways and methods of teacher education. In teaching profession , a teacher has to perform multiple activities like teaching, evaluating, communicating , guiding and counseling the students, organizing co-curricular activities etc., together with activities which are intrinsic to


1,3,4 INTRODUCTION phase, allowing new bone to form in the gap . When the Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical process used to desired or possible length is reached, a consolidation reconstruct skeleton deformities and lengthen the bones phase follows in which the bone is allowed to keep 1 1,4 of the body . It is also called as callus distraction, healing . Distraction osteogenesis has the benefit of 1,2 callotasis and osteodistraction . There are three main simultaneously increasing bone length and the volume of 5 phases to distraction osteogenesis: latency, activation, surrounding soft tissues . and consolidation. Latency is that period immediately following the osteotomy and application of distractor; it In 1905, Alessandro Codivilla introduced surgical 6 ranges from 1 to 7 days. After the latency phase is the practices for lengthening of the lower limbs . Early activation phase. During this phase, the distraction techniques had a high number of complications, device is activated by turning some type of axial screw, particularly during healing, and often resulted in a failure 7,8 usually at 1 mm/day in four equal increments of 0.25 mm to achieve the goal of the surgery . each. Once activation is complete, the third and final phase is the consolidation phase. Typically, the The breakthrough came with a technique introduced by consolidation phase is twice as long as the time required Russian orthopedic surgeon Gavril Ilizarov.8 Ilizarov 1,2,3 for activation . A corticotomy is used to fracture the developed a procedure based on the biology of the bone bone into two segments, and the two bone ends of the and on the ability of the surrounding soft-tissues to bone are gradually moved apart during the distraction regenerate under tension; the technique involved an METACARPAL AND PHALANGEAL LENGTHENING OF THE HAND; UTILITY OF DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS


In early 2007, Serasa, a Brazilian company which provides information for credit decisions, amassed a number of awards and recognitions for its performance. In recent years the company has invested heavily in the four elements of its management system (data network for management, customer management system, Serasa shared values, and the human development system), thus fostering a service climate geared for services quality provision. The company believes that the conditions it has created for its employees are the key elements


IntroductionIn order to reduce polyethylene wear and incidence of osteolysis, and improve the long-term durability of total hip arthroplasty (THA), highly cross-linked polyethylene was introduced for clinical use in substitution for conventional polyethylene. We performed 35 cementless THAs between December 2000 and February 2002, and cross-linked polyethylene was used in these surgeries. The purpose of this study is to research linear wear rate of these hips, and to find the risk factor for high wear rate.Patients and Methods32 hips (26 patients) among the 35 could be evaluated at more than 10 years postoperatively. One hip required reoperations due to infection at 8 years postoperatively, and two were lost to followup in less than 10 years. There were 2 males and 24 females, and the observation period was 11.4 years in average (range 10?13 years). The age at the time of operation was 49.4 years in average (range 24?67 years), and body mass index was 22.4 in average (15?34). We used AHFIX total hip prost...


In a power plant it is rather difficult to judge whether a ball mill is operating near its optimal load point. Based on the analysis of parameters which can reflect mill load condtions, the authors have come up with a method for judging the operating condition of ball mills by using data merging techniques. In accordance with ball mill design data and historical operating ones presented is a credibility distribution for judging the mill running condition as contributed by each parameter. Then, by using D S evidence theory the credibility distribution undergoes a data merging process, resulting in a comprehensive evaluation of each parameter. To cope with the deficiency of immutability of the credibility distribution of the D S evidence theory an improved principle is put forward. Practical operation indicates that the new approach based on the data merging technology features a high reliability and ease of implementation.


Genome-wide profiling of transcription factor binding and chromatin states is a widely-used approach for mechanistic understanding of gene regulation. Recent technology development has enabled such profiling at single-cell resolution. However, an end-to-end computational pipeline for analyzing such data is still lacking. To fill this gap, we have developed a flexible pipeline for analysis and visualization of single-cell CUT&RUN and CUT&Tag data, which provides functions for sequence alignment, quality control, dimensionality reduction, cell clustering, data aggregation, and visualization. Furthermore, it is also seamlessly integrated with the functions in original CUT&RUNTools for population-level analyses. As such, this provides a valuable toolbox for the community.


11527 Background: It's urgent to find a new approach for the treatment of progressed osteosarcoma in neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and next-generation sequencing (NGS), we have explored the efficiency of anlotinib in these patients. Methods: Frozen osteosarcoma tissues were used to establish PDX models. Ten samples of each PDX model were randomized to treatment or control group. The treatment group were gavaged at a volume of 0.1 ml/10g body weight for 4 weeks, while the control group were administered with vehicle at the same dose orally. Tumor volume and body weight were measured every 3 days, and the tumour were removed and weighed after 28 days. The number of mitotic cells and tumor necrosis rate were detected by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the number of apoptotic cells and the expression of VEGFR-2, PDGFR-β, FGFR-1, c-Kit and their phosphorylated proteins, CD 31. Additionally, patients who had progressed during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were treated with combination of anlotinib. After four cycles NAC, we performed salvage surgery and maintained with anlotinib. The change of tumor size was evaluated for tumor response. We used IHC and NGS to analyze the expression of drug targets. Results: 21 PDX models were established successfully from 43 samples. Tumor specimens from patients, who had pulmonary metastasis, local recurrence or chemoresistance, were easier to establish PDX models (P < 0.001, P = 0.046, P = 0.013). Six models were selected randomly for anlotinib. After anlotinib administration, the tumor inhibition rates were 18.82%, 45.98%, 85.86%, 83.38%, 84.57% and 86.42%. Anlotinib could not only inhibit the mitosis, induce tumor cell apoptosis and necrosis, but also decrease the expression of drug targets. The expression of VEGFR-2, PDGFR-β and CD31 were positively associated with tumor response. Five patients had received anlotinib during NAC. Four patients had tumor regression (69.4%, 28%, 19%, 8.7%), including two with high expression of VEGFR-2 mRNA or/and PDGFR-β and one with medium expression. Conclusions: Based on the results of PDX models and NGS, we suggested that osteosarcoma with high expression of VEGFR-2 or/and PDGFR-β was sensitive to anlotinib, which was alternative for patients progressed during NAC.


Lyric poetry was the dominant literary form in Swedish literature until the early 1800's, and this dominance continued with a few exceptions until the end of the nineteenth century. The two major exceptions, however, are at the same time the portal figures of Swedish prose, C. J. L. Almqvist and August Strindberg. Carl Jonas Love Almqvist (17931866) may well be the first strong link in the chain of socio-political prose which leads up to Per Olov Enquist and his contemporaries. Almqvist uniquely blends Romanticism's idealization of simple folk life and Realism's attempt to describe the actual living conditions of lower and middle class people. Almqvist's radical wish to reform society was expressed in his essay Svenska fattigdomens betydelse (The Significance of Swedish Poverty, 1838), while a year or so later such stories as "Kappellet" (The Chapel) and "Mâlaren" (The Painter) combined idyllic, moralistic, and realistic qualities. The most remarkable example of Almqvist's realistic writing, however, is his short novel Det gar an from 1838 (translated into English as Sara Videbeck). Here his tendency to advocate social reform in subtle, almost pastoral tones is brilliantly demonstrated, but a number of his short stories established how effectively the format could be used. The next major figure in this tradition is the most obvious one, August Strindberg (1849-1912). Recognized as Sweden's greatest playwright and one of its greatest novelists, Strindberg is less well known for his tales and short stories. Nevertheless, he wrote a great many stories and they can only be touched upon here. Two collections may be singled out as most important, Svenska oden och aventyr (Swedish


Miranda Fricker maintains that testimonial injustice is a matter of credibility deficit, not excess. In this article, I argue that this restricted characterization of testimonial injustice is too narrow. I introduce a type of identity‐prejudicial credibility excess that harms its targets qua knowers and transmitters of knowledge. I show how positive stereotyping and prejudicially inflated credibility assessments contribute to the continued epistemic oppression of marginalized knowers. In particular, I examine harms such as typecasting, compulsory representation, and epistemic exploitation and consider what hearers are obligated to do in response to these injustices. I argue that because epistemic harms to marginalized knowers also arise from prejudicially inflated assessments of their credibility, the virtue of testimonial justice must be revised to remedy them.


And an object thereof is to provide a flip chip mounting body and the flip chip mounting method in which a low-temperature diffusion of the non-void (void) occurs at the boundary between the metal bumps and the solder bump. Accordingly, the flip chip mounting body is provided with a semiconductor chip, a metal bump, a barrier layer, a substrate, a solder bump. Bumps are formed on a surface of a semiconductor chip. That the barrier layer is formed on the thin metal bump outer surface, some are weak, and the metal of the metal bump is spread to the fragile portion. The substrate is placed in correspondence with the semiconductor chip. Solder bumps are to be formed so as to be in contact with the barrier layer on a surface of a substrate, at least some of the metal of the solder bump through a critical point of the spreads. Thus, a metal diffusion layer in a part of the metal bumps and the solder bump is formed at a relatively low temperature. Flip-chip bumps, thin barrier layer, the low-temperature diffusion, diffusion with no voids


The basic problem of a radar group monitoring an object group that has all along been a problem of concern in the international circles of military science has been solved for the first time.A mathematical model for solving the 3-D monitoring problem has been developed based on the quasi-physical concept and a practical fast algorithm has been found.A high-efficiency tracking and monitoring system can be designed for use by radar troops and the administrative and commercial departments concerned using this algorithm.


This study examines the spillover effect of securities litigation. Peers of the sued firm have negative three-day abnormal returns around case filings and continue underperforming over sixty trading days. Peers also improve financial reporting quality and change qualitative disclosure characteristics by providing more readable and positive annual reports while reducing the use of litigation-related terms. Finally, peers increase voluntary earnings guidance but reduce disclosure timeliness and precision. Results are primarily driven by meritorious cases (i.e., those that eventually settle), while nonmeritorious cases have little spillover. These peer changes appear largely successful as they have lower future litigation incidence.


ABSTRACT A pipeline spill of 126,000 gallons of a mixture of No. 6 and No. 2 fuel oils into the Patuxent River on 7 April 2000 affected over-wintering waterfowl, resident birds, and diamondback terrapins, as well as intertidal habitats, fish and shellfish, benthic habitats, and muskrats. The final estimate of bird impacts was the sum of the numbers of birds collected dead, dying in rehabilitation, and estimated to have died after release and in the field. The result was an estimated 495 total birds killed, with 67 known dead. The total terrapin mortality was estimated by projecting: a) the number of terrapin-years lost from mortality of adults and juveniles killed directly (estimated to be 122 animals) by the spill, b) the estimated number of young that would have been born and survived to adults from those directly killed, and c) increased hatchling mortality. The final estimate of direct terrapin mortality was 616 lost discounted terrapin-years (DTYs), while lost production from the next generation cont...


Abstract : The work done in this SBIR Phase 1 was to investigate the feasibility of producing a sustain-release injectable gel formulation for Buprenorphine hydrochloride and Buprenorphine free base using Poly-lactide-co-glycolide polymers with various plasticizers and solvents. Our Phase 1 efforts have shown that we can produce gel formulations for both of these molecules that will give prolonged release of the drug from the gel as shown by in-vitro studies. Our studies have demonstrated that these polymers can prolong the release of buprenorphine for over 30 days. However, for acute pain relief, release over a period of 24 - 72 hours would be desirable. Our data has shown that with the initial studies conducted here, we can get release of buprenorphine over 24 - 144 hours in-vitro. In-vivo rates should be faster than these and we plan to carry out animal studies to show this. The initial studies also shows that there are a lot of variables in this system that need to be studied and optimized to get the best release profile with the right therapeutic levels released which can be carried out in Phase 2.


A mechanism is proposed to explain the observed fast τx spin–lattice relaxation processes observed in close phosphorus donor pairs in silicon. The mechanism is based on a mixing of states of different total electronic spin by the hyperfine interaction and a modulation of the pair exchange energy by the lattice vibrations. The exchange-energy expression used is calculated from single-atom wave functions composed of linear combinations of the Bloch states at the six conduction-band minima. The resultant relaxation rate is shown to agree with experimental observations.


The old Ottoman fort of Kumkale lies 5 km from the ruins of ancient Troy and 45 kilometres south of Canakkale, Turkey. The fort dates from the 17th century and was built as part of the outer defences of the Straits. From the Kumkale area there are fine views to Gallipoli Peninsula and Dardanelles, and throughout the campaign Turkish batteries hereabouts bombarded Allied positions at Helles. The French fleet had stationed in front of Kumkale shore, Canakkale, during World War I on 25th of April, 1915. Turkish Cannons in the batteries bombarded the fleet, however, they were not be able to complete their duty. French soldiers landed under protective bombardments of the navy targeting Kumkale and Orhaniye. After that all cannons were destroyed by allied soldiers. The ruins of the cannons were buried and disappeared at site. However, army has plans of the batteries and places of them were approximately known by historians. That's why a geophysical survey campaign was planned to find the old cannons. In the frame of geophysical survey, magnetic and GPR methods were applied. Figure 2 shows profile map for both of these methods. Of course magnetic method was more successful in prospecting the heavy and huge iron cannons.


Frog design is a global innovation company.It's design team use knowledge of western and eastern markets to help shape global strategy, business development, and creative growth. They continuously engage in first-hand generative and evaluative research to better understand the behaviors of individuals and societies.DESIGN Magazine has recently interviewed the Creative Director Brandon Edwards and Director of Asia Market Chloe Ng of Frog design at shanghai.


Homogeneous Escherichia coli methionyl-, isoleucyl-, tryptophanyl-, and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases and Bacillus stearotber hi us methionyland tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases are irreversibly inactivated by reaction of their active ATP sites with the 2,3'-dialdehyde derivative of ATP obtained by periodate oxidation. In each case, the amount-of '4C-Iabeled dialdehyde derivative incorporated per molecule of inactivated enzyme appears consistent with the expected active stoichiometry of the synthetase. These results strongly support the presence, at the active site of the studied aminoacyl tBNA synthetases, of a common residue, probably a lysine whose -NH2 group is known, from the work of others, to form a Schiff's base specifically with the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivatives of ribonucleotides. Prior to their participation in polypeptide bond formation on ribosomes, tRNAs are specifically aminoacylated by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The enzymatic aminoacylation of tRNA involves the activation of the corresponding amino acid through adenylate formation, followed by transfer of the aminoacyl moiety to tRNA (1). Therefore, activation of the correct amino acid by its corresponding enzyme is among the key features of the overall specificity in the aminoacylation reaction. From detailed studies of bacterial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, catalytic properties have recently emerged that indicate involvement of common mechanisms in the specific amino acid activation reaction (2-4). It seems reasonable to argue that similar catalytic behaviors proceed through the conservation, among this class of enzymes, of crucial residue(s) within the amino acid activating sites. It thus becomes of interest to probe such residue(s) with the help of adequate affinity labels, particularly those directed against the common ATP site. Several attempts to develop affinity labels on the side of the amino acid (ref. 5 and references therein) or of the ATP have already been reported (6, 7). Now we report the inactivation and labeling of six homogeneous bacterial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases by the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of ATP, a reagent specific for the lysine residue (8-10). MATERIALS AND METHODS Native Met-, Ile-, Trp-, and Phe-tRNA synthetases from Escherichia coli strain EM 20031 carrying the F32 episome (11) and native Metand Tyr-tRNA synthetases from Bacillus stearothermophilus strain ATCC 1518 were purified to homogeneity by using the standard procedure described for E. coli Met-tRNA synthetase (12). Trypsin-modified Met-tRNA synthetase was obtained as described (13). The enzymes (10-40 mg/ml) were stored at -20° in 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.5/10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol/50% glycerol. For each enzyme, subunit molecular weights and absorbancies at 280 nm were reestablished by sodium dodecyl sulfate/acrylamide gel electrophoresis and refractive index measurements, respectively. With two exceptions, the measured values agreed with those already published. For the native synthetases in the order shown in the first sentence above and the modified synthetase, the molecular weight values were: 2 X 85,000 (14); 64,000 (14); 102,000 (5); 2 X 33,000; 2 X 98,000 + 2 X 37,000 (15); 2 X 82,000 (16); 2 X 45,000 (17). A' cm (units/mg per ml) values were: 1.39 (18); 1.72 (18); 1.52 (5); 0.85; 0.80 (15); 1.48; 1.39 (19). Recrystallized bovine pancreatic trypsin (type II; diphenylcarbamyl chloride-treated) and egg white ovomucoid trypsin inhibitor were from Sigma. L-Methioninol, L-phenylalaninol, L-tyramine, and L-tryptamine were from Fluka. L-Isoleucinol was from Fox Chemicals. [14C]ATP (558 mCi/mmol) and [32p]pp; (50-150 mCi/mmol) were from the Radiochemical Centre (Amersham). The other biochemicals were of the best commercially available grades. The homogeneous 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of ATP was obtained by periodate oxidation of ATP (10). The radioactive derivative was prepared from [14C]ATP (5.6 mCi/mmol). Kinetics of inactivation were followed at 250 in standard buffer (20mM imidazole.HCl, pH 7.6/0.1 mM EDTA). Control experiments were carried out without the dialdehyde derivative or with ATP instead of the derivative. Initial velocities (Vi) of [32P]PPi-ATP exchange (2 mM each of ATP, PP, and the cognate amino acid plus 7 mM MgCl2 in standard buffer at 250) were measured in the presence of catalytic amounts of the enzyme (20). Vi values of the unlabeled enzymes were 140 and 80, 47, 44, 90, 10, and 6 sec-1, respectively, for native and modified Met-, Ile-, Trp-, and Phe-tRNA synthetases from E. coli and for native Metand Tyr-tRNA synthetases from B. stearothermophilus. In the case of TrptRNA synthetase, incubation of the enzyme with 2 mM ATP prior to the assay increased the V, value up to 70 sec-1. Km values for MgATP [0.8 i 0.2,0.20 I 0.05, 0.35 + 0.05, 1.0 + 0.2,0.015 + 0.003, and 0.90 + 0.15mM for E. coil Met(native or modified), Ile-, Trp-, and Pheand B. stearothermophilus Metand Tyr-tRNA synthetases, respectively] were determined by Lineweaver-Burk analysis of V1 values at various MgATP concentrations with constant free MgCl2 (3 mM) in the assay. Ki values for the dialdehyde derivative were obtained by varying the derivative concentration in the above conditions with the MgATP concentration equal to the Km value with the enzyme under study. In this case isotopic exchange reactions were quenched after 1 min in order to avoid interfering inactivation of the enzyme by the dialdehyde derivative present in the assay. 2088 The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75 (1978) 2089 Table 1. Parameters of irreversible inactivation by ATP dialdehyde derivative of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and protection by ATP


The Zhujiang river downstream water quality presents the characteristics of low hardness and low alkality commonly,and the chemical stability of the water quality is poor,presenting a certain of corrosive.Adopting CO2 and lime coupled to remineralization process make the the water in the chemical stability level.Traditional process such as coagulation、precipitation、filtering、disinfection process reduce chemical stability,and coagulation and disinfection as the most serious.The influence was influenced,which of alkalinity、pH and chemical stability by the conventional water treatment agent such as flocculent and disinfectant,and a theoretical method was introduced that calculate the influence quantitatively.The results show that the error between theoretical calculation and experimental data is no more than 3%,and it can guide the practical use of CO2 and lime coupled to remineralization process