The present paper has been devoted to the evaluation of some of the recent developments in the theory of the firm and the sense in which these developments could be identified as internally directed progressive problem shift (Shift in focus) within the existing theory of the firm which could be identified as Scientific Research Programme (SRP) (Set of Theories) 1 . While going through this exercise the focus of attention has been kept mainly on the nature of the problemshifts implied in the contributions of R.L.Hall and C.J. Hitch (1939); J.S. Bain (1949) and Sylos-Labini (1956), Managerial School and Behavioural School. It is imperative to make it clear at the very outset that the purpose of this paper is to carve out some important broad phases highlighting important shifts in the theory of the firm as a SRP, rather than to present an exhaustive history of the growth of the theory of the firm i.e., to account for each and every model representing theoretical and empirical problemshifts in the theory of the firm during course of its development. Once the theory of the firm as a SRP


The purpose of this study is to describe the analysis of the judiciary causal relationship
in extra-contractual civil liability proceedings and explain its main characteristics.
For this purpose, approximate concepts are presented; Subsequently investigate the
characteristics and historical evolution of causality as concept in philosophy, science and
law. In addition, the historical evolution of concept of objective imputation in philosophy
and law. Finally I know It exposes the state of affairs in our country.
The present investigation has as its starting point the dissonance between the indicated
by foreign doctrine and national doctrine, on the one hand; and, between doctrine and
jurisprudence, on the other. In this regard, we must specify that in our country there are
no precedents regarding this investigation, which is why The main input is foreign
doctrinal development, in addition to background in philosophy and science


Microbiological and hydrogeological analysis of active sludge of biological treatment facilities of the enterprise for production of aromatic amines is performed. It is shown that traditional purification methods of industrial wastewater do not make it possible to attain the required purification quality of wastewater. It is proposed to improve the design of biological treatment facilities at enterprises of organic synthesis by means of their replacement for a new in principle complex of continuous biological purification of industrial wastewater developed at OJSC "NIPIEP" (Orenburg). The operating principle of proposed apparatuses for biological purification of wastewater is based on the methods of continuous cultivation of active sludge microorganisms both in anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Sectioning the process of biological purification and the use of microbubble aerators made of sintered titanium powder and biotechnologies with rapidly growing aboriginal microorganisms immobilized on an inert biological carrier makes it possible to attain almost complete aniline destruction.


Abstract : In this paper, the thermal behavior of a power transistor mounted on a dissipator is considered in order to estimate the transistor temperature junction only using a measure of the dissipator temperature. The thermal transfers between the electric power applied to the transistor, the junction temperature and the dissipator temperature are characterized by two fractional transfer functions. These models are then used in a Luenberger like observer to estimate the transistor junction temperature.


Purpose:To study the expression of T lymphocyte activation associated membrane molecule in peripheral blood of patients with non small cell lung cancer and study the changes in its immunity function.Methods:The lymphocyte from the peripheral blood in patients with non small cell lung cancer were immunologically double fluorescent labeled by CD3 PE and CD25/ HLA DR/ CD69 FITC were determined by flow cytometry. 25 normal donors served as controls.Results:Peripheral blood CD3 + /CD25 + ,CD3 + /HLA DR + and CD3 + /CD69 + in T lymphocyte with lung cancer were significantly lower than those in normal controls ( P 0.01). CD3 + /CD25 + ,CD3 + /HLA DR + and CD3 + /CD69 + in post operative T lymphocytes were significantly higher than pre operatively( P 0.01 or P 0.05),there was no significant differences between pre chemotherapy and post chemotherapy. Lung cancer with lymph node metastasis showed lower expression of CD3 + /CD25 + ,CD3 + /HLA DR + and CD3 + /CD69 + than lung cancer without lymph node metastasis ( P 0.01). Distinct statistic differences were observed between CD3 + /CD25 + ,CD3 + /HLA DR + and CD3 + /CD69 + in stage Ⅲ,Ⅳand stageⅠ,Ⅱ( P 0.01). Histopathological grade and age were also significantly associated with the expression of CD3 + /CD25 + ,CD3 + /HLA DR + and CD3 + /CD69 + ( P 0.01 or P 0.05). Peripheral blood CD3 + /CD25 + ,CD3 + /HLA DR + and CD3 + /CD69 + contents were not related with squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and gender.Conclusions:Detection of CD3 + /CD25 + ,CD3 + /HLA DR + and CD3 + /CD69 + levels by flow cytometry might be helpful for reflecting the human immunity function, judgement of disease status, prognosis evaluation and immunological treatment in patients with non small cell lung cancer.


Background and purpose:Human uterine stem/progenitor cells activity contributes to the physiological endometrial repair,but abnormal proliferation and abnormal differentiation of uterine stem/progenitor cells will lead to endometrial disease(such as endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma).Importin 13(IPO13) is the new family member of importin β,a two-way transfer of nuclear receptor proteins and a marker of corneal epithelial stem cells.In the maintenance of stem cells,high proliferative potential and poorly differentiated state play important roles in regulating normal and abnormal of cell differentiation and mouse germ cells meiosis.The study investigated the expression of IPO13 gene,an adult stem cell marker,in endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma tissues for the purpose of finding the relationship between this gene and endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma.Methods:The expression of IPO13 in normal endometrial tissues,endometriosis tissues and endometrial carcinoma tissues was detected by the immunohistochemistry,real-time PCR and Western blot respectively.Results:In endometrial carcinoma,endometriosis and control groups,the expression of IPO13 protein was found in cytoplasm and nucleus of epithelial cells and stromal cells.The expression level of IPO13 protein in normal proliferative phase endometrium was 0.52±0.30,significantly higher than that in normal secretory phase(0.25±0.04,P0.05);IPO13 protein in the ectopic endometrium was 0.81±0.12,significantly higher than that in proliferative phase and secretory phase endometria(P0.05);IPO13 protein in the endometrial carcinoma was 1.21±0.11,significantly higher than that in the ectopic endometrium(P0.05).The expression level of IPO13 mRNA in normal proliferative phase endometrium was 3 times higher than that in normal secretory phase(P0.05);IPO13 mRNA in the ectopic endometrium was 2.5 times higher than that in normal proliferative phase endometrium and 6 times higher than that in normal secretory phase endometrium(P0.05);IPO13 mRNA in the endometrial carcinoma were 2 times higher than that in the ectopic endometrium(P0.05).Conclusion:The expression of IPO13 in endometrial carcinoma and endometriosis is increased,which suggests IPO13 is closely related with endometrial cancer and endometriosis.


At the beginning of the fifth century, St Augustine, bishop of Hippo, contemplated from his North African home the still-vast domains of the Roman empire. He debated the question of whether it was fitting for good men to rejoice at the expansion of empires over less civilised peoples. He concluded that extending rulership over subjugated nations might seem to bad men felicity, but good men could accept it as a necessity. Many generations since have asked the same question as Augustine, when they encountered empires of all kinds, from theocracies to thalassocracies. Some have been called beneficent, designated with the honorific 'Pax'. Some have been called evil. All of them have excited controversy and continue to do so. The British empire is no exception. None, however, rivalled it for complexity and geographical spread. Those who ran it firmly believed in its fundamental Augustinian necessity. Their sense of duty perhaps blinded them to an inherent infelicity. To understand this complicated and ambivalent British enterprise is a challenge, but a rewarding one. Writing about British overseas experience has been opened up fruitfully in several directions in the past fifty years. Fresh perspectives have come from the concept of 'informal empire', and from different disciplines, such as global and comparative history, from anthropology and 'history-from-below', and from various manifestations of cultural history, such as sport, masculinity, and women's history.


[Objective] To make an attempt in introducing the categorization and quantified classification administration mode in occupational health supervision into Shanghai municipal occupational health supervising,and to analyze as well as to examine its effectivity.[Methods] Indices for categorization and quantified classification were developed pursuant to Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Measures of Shanghai Municipality on the Administration over Categorization and Quantified Classification in Occupational Health Supervision,together based on the database of daily supervision and administration,and experts'professional judgments.The foregoing indices were applied to categorize and classify the 12932 enterprises existing occupational diseases hazard in Shanghai and then primary examination was made.[Results] Among the classified enterprises,10274 were classified as the existing ordinary occupational diseases hazard,accounting for 79.4%of the total,while 2658 classified as existing severe occupational diseases hazard,accounting for 20.6%.Using grade A,B and C of occupational health grading system to respectively indicate their conditions as good,median and bad,the enterprises graded as B accounted for 61.3%of all those classified as existing ordinary occupational diseases hazard while 53.5%of those classified as existing severe hazard,presenting a'spindle-shaped'mode with'big in the middle and small at the two ends'.However,the total number of the enterprises graded as A plus B accounted for over 80%of either classification(existing ordinary or severe occupational diseases hazard).[Conclusion] The categorization and quantified classification method is an important tool not only for establishing the long-term effective mechanism for occupational health supervision,but also in realizing the transition in administration mode from static and qualitative administration to dynamic,qualitative and quantitative administration.


Tri(tert-butyl)plumbyl-amine 1 was prepared and studied by one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) 1H, 13C, 15N and 207Pb NMR which allowed determination of the coupling signs 1J(207Pb,13C) (> 0), 2J(207Pb,13C) (> 0), 1J(207Pb,15N) (> 0; reduced coupling constant 1K(207Pb,I5N) < 0) and 2J(207Pb-N-1H) (< 0). Transamination of 1 with aniline and pyrazole afforded the corresponding aniline (2) and pyrazole derivatives (3), respectively. N-Lithiation of 1, followed by treatment with Me3SiCl gave the tri(tert-butyl)plumbyl-trimethylsilyl-amine 5. The multinuclear magnetic resonance data of 2, 3 and 5 are presented. Trimethylplumbylphenyl- amine and trimethylplumbyl-tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl-amine were prepared and their NMR data were measured for comparison.


The human resource training and development is one of the issues the researchers highly emphasize.Generally speaking,the core competencies of civil servants,the training of senior civil servants,the computerbased training,the decentralization of training tasks and the training system in Chinese areas are the hot issues.On this topic of the human resource training and development in governments,researchers could do some comparative studies,use mixed research methods,or link it to other issues in the future.


In the study of complex systems---in particular self-organizing systems---the notions of emergence and higher order structures come up. A framework for studying them was given in [1,2] where the notion of a hyperstructures occur both in an intuitive and a formal sense. But in formalizations of these systems it has turned out to be quite difficult to produce higher order emergence from first principles. The first problem is of course to agree on what a higher order structure is. It is known that second order structures occur relatively easy, the problem is to know how to proceed to third order without external interference. The goal of this paper is to discuss these problems in the light of the discrete field automata formulated in [19] and [12]. Then we shall try to extract some of the formal principles involved in the generation of higher order (hyper-) structures and relate it to dynamical systems.


Cloud points for binary system of carbon dioxide (CO2) + poly(heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate) (poly(HDFDA)) were measured using a variable volume view cell with polymer concentration up to 10 wt % and at temperature from (303 to 363) K and pressure up to about 30 MPa. Typical lower critical solution temperature phase behavior is observed with a critical concentration between (7.0 and 8.0) wt % poly(HDFDA). In addition, cloud point and bubble point pressures for the ternary system of CO2 + HDFDA + poly(HDFDA) were measured at temperature from (303 to 363) K and pressure up to about 30 MPa. As the weight fraction of HDFDA increased, cloud point pressure dramatically decreased and liquid−liquid−vapor transition was observed at 30.0 wt % monomer.


As a scientific work probing into and summarizing the historical experience and development route of China in its socialist construction,The Contemporary History of China by Qi Hutian systematically illustrates and introduces the history of China since its founding in 1949 in terms of its politics,economy and culture.


SUMMARY: Hypertension is classified into various individuals profiles based on its path physiology and hemodynamic, as devised by Miserly et al. The contemporary hemodynamic approach to antihypertensive treatment is more physiological than the steppe d care approach recommended by Joint National Committee.


During remediation activities at a Hanford Site burial ground, a large cache of drummed waste was unexpectedly encountered. Most of the drums contained depleted uranium metal chips submerged in oil. A combination of attributes including multiple phases, pyrophoriticy, toxicity, and radioactivity presented complex and costly treatment/disposal issues that were not addressed through any established Hanford Site processes. A safe, environmentally responsible, and costeffective path forward for treatment of the drums that had been, and would be, excavated from the 618-4 Burial Ground was needed. To establish the framework for investigation of potential treatment and disposal options, a preliminary waste designation was prepared. Because there was a potential for separation of the phases prior to treatment, the preliminary designation considered the individual liquid and solid phases as well as the combined phases of the whole drum. An analysis of applicable regulatory issues was then performed to help determine the performance criteria for treatment/disposal methods. A technology alternatives baseline was prepared as a starting point for identification of potential treatment options. Discussions were also held with representatives from other sites within the U.S. Department of Energy complex that faced similar problems with treatment and disposal of depleted uranium waste. After the initial screening, there were no established/proven processes identified that were absent of technical and/or regulatory limitations and issues based on the preliminary waste designation. Treatment methods that were determined to have a potential to be made into viable options were evaluated using criteria typically used for remedial investigations and feasibility studies. It was concluded that combinations of individual-phase treatment methods were not cost-competitive with whole drum methods. Solidification processes provided the lowest cost, but required variances to authorize land-disposal and treatability tests to show that the methods could be environmentally responsible. Vitrification methods provided the best technical performance among the alternatives that were evaluated. In December 1999, a decision was made to prepare a request for proposal (RFP) for solicitation of bids to treat the drummed waste from the 618-4 Burial Ground. It is anticipated that an RFP will be issued in March 2000. An award decision is expected during the spring of 2000. Treatment of the drummed waste is scheduled begin in fiscal year 2001. WM'00 Conference, February 27 March 2, 2000, Tucson, AZ


Aging affects both cognitive performance and the sleep‐wake rhythm. The recent surge of studies that support a role of sleep for cognitive performance in healthy young adults suggests that disturbed sleep‐wake rhythms may contribute to 'age‐related' cognitive decline. This relationship has however not previously been extensively investigated. The present correlational study integrated a battery of standardized cognitive tests to investigate the association of mental speed, memory, and executive function with actigraphically recorded sleep‐wake rhythms in 144 home‐dwelling elderly participants aged 69.5 ± 8.5 (mean ± SD). Multiple regression analyses showed that the partial correlations of the fragmentation of the sleep‐wake rhythm with each of the three cognitive domains (r = −0.16, −0.19, and −0.16 respectively) were significant. These associations were independent from main effects of age, implying that a unique relationship between the rest‐activity rhythm and cognitive performance is present in elderly people.


A stretched laminar diffusion flamelet is numerically simulated. The assumption of unity Lewis number in the flamelet model of turbulent combustion is examined and the influence of differential diffusion and radiation on the flamelet structure, nitric oxide emission and extinction limit is investigated. The numerical results indicate that the assumption of unity Lewis number is a great approximation and the flame radiation can induce an extinction limit at a low strain rate.


Review of H. A. Sánchez Guerrero: Feelings of Being Together and Caring with One Another: A Contribution to the Debate on Collective Affective Intentionality. Szanto, Thomas Published in: Journal of Social Ontology DOI: 10.1515/jso-2017-0015 Publication date: 2017 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Szanto, T. (2017). Review of H. A. Sánchez Guerrero: Feelings of Being Together and Caring with One Another: A Contribution to the Debate on Collective Affective Intentionality. DOI: 10.1515/jso-2017-0015


In this paper, a careful analysis and evaluation for two approaches based on multiple corrections on complementarity conditions in the nonlinear predictor-corrector primal-dual interior point algorithm (PCPDIPA) is carried out. Unlike the other methodologies that improve the performance of PCPDIPA from the perspective of problem modeling/formulation, these two approaches directly tackle the centrality issue of the algorithm by re-using the available matrix factorization. Several parameters controlling the performance of these two approaches are identified by a series of numerical testing on several large-scale cases. Numerical comparison results are provided as indices for choosing appropriate centrality correction methodology for other power system applications.


The latissimus dorsi is considered the most powerful internal rotator of the shoulder but is rarely mentioned in texts on throwing injuries. A 20-year-old male athlete, who suffered a partial tear of the latissimus dorsi while throwing, is described. His injury was documented by magnetic resonance imaging and treated by rehabilitation with complete return to athletics


Use of audio visual tools to aid in medical education is ever on a rise. Our study intends to find the efficacy of a video prepared on "fatty liver," a topic that is often a challenge for pre‐clinical teachers, in enhancing cognitive processing and ultimately learning. We prepared a video presentation of 11:36 min, incorporating various concepts of the topic, while keeping in view Mayer's and Ellaway guidelines for multimedia presentation. A pre–post test study on subject knowledge was conducted for 100 students with the video shown as intervention. A retrospective pre study was conducted as a survey which inquired about students understanding of the key concepts of the topic and a feedback on our video was taken. Students performed significantly better in the post test (mean score 8.52 vs. 5.45 in pre‐test), positively responded in the retrospective pre‐test and gave a positive feedback for our video presentation. Well‐designed multimedia tools can aid in cognitive processing and enhance working memory capacity as shown in our study. In times when "smart" device penetration is high, information and communication tools in medical education, which can act as essential aid and not as replacement for traditional curriculums, can be beneficial to the students. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44:241–245, 2016.


The role of transfer from the first language (L1) in second language (L2) acquisition is well-documented (Dechert & Raupach 1989; Ellis 2006; Gass & Selinker 1992; Odlin 1989; Schwartz & Sprouse 1996, among many others). Cross-linguistic transfer is also attested in third language (L3) acquisition. Unlike in L2-acquisition, however, transfer in L3-acquisition can have different sources. Transfer may occur only, or predominantly, from the L1 to the L3 (Bouvy 2000; Leung 2006). Alternatively, transfer may occur only, or predominantly, from the L2 to the L3 (Bardel and Falk 2007; Bohnacker 2006; Hammarberg 2001; Rothman and Cabrelli Amaro 2010). It is also possible that properties of both the L1 and the L2 transfer to the L3 (Flynn, Vinnitskaya and Foley 2004). And finally, it is possible that what matters is not order of acquisition, but rather, which language (the L1 or the L2) is structurally closer to, or perceived as being structurally close to, the L3 (de Angelis and Selinker 2001; Cenoz 2003; Foote 2009; Montrul, Dias and Santos 2011; Singleton and O'Laoire 2006). Most prior studies of L3-acquisition have focused on the lexicon (Ringbom 2001; Singleton and O'Laoire 2006), morphosyntax (Leung 2006), or narrow syntax (Bardel and Falk 2007). The goal of our study is to examine what transfers in the L3-acquisition of a purely semantic phenomena: plural NP interpretation.


Maps Introduction 1. Origins of the Conflict 2. The Kashmir-India Debacle 3. The War in Kashmir 4. Sovereignty in Dispute 5. Pathways to Peace Notes Glossary Acknowledgments Index


CAU 570 comprises the following six corrective action sites (CASs): • 02-23-07, Atmospheric Test Site - Tesla • 09-23-10, Atmospheric Test Site T-9 • 09-23-11, Atmospheric Test Site S-9G • 09-23-14, Atmospheric Test Site - Rushmore • 09-23-15, Eagle Contamination Area • 09-99-01, Atmospheric Test Site B-9A These sites are being investigated because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective action alternatives (CAAs). Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective action investigation before evaluating CAAs and selecting the appropriate corrective action for each CAS. The results of the field investigation will support a defensible evaluation of viable CAAs that will be presented in the Corrective Action Decision Document. The sites will be investigated based on the data quality objectives (DQOs) developed on April 30, 2012, by representatives of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office. The DQO process was used to identify and define the type, amount, and quality of data needed to develop and evaluate appropriate corrective actions for CAU 570. The site investigation process will also be conducted in accordance with the Soilsmore » Activity Quality Assurance Plan, which establishes requirements, technical planning, and general quality practices to be applied to this activity. The presence and nature of contamination at CAU 570 will be evaluated based on information collected from a field investigation. Radiological contamination will be evaluated based on a comparison of the total effective dose at sample locations to the dose-based final action level. The total effective dose will be calculated as the total of separate estimates of internal and external dose. Results from the analysis of soil samples will be used to calculate internal radiological dose. Thermoluminescent dosimeters placed near the center of each sample location will be used to measure external radiological dose. Appendix A provides a detailed discussion of the DQO methodology and the DQOs specific to each CAS.« less


1Department of Pharmacology, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Gandaki, Nepal; 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; 3Center of Medical and BioAllied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; 4IMU Center for Education, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 5Department of Forensic Medicine, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Gandaki, Nepal Purpose: The study was conducted to explore the perception of healthcare workers and staff towards the risk of COVID-19 vaccination and to study vaccine hesitancy amongst them. Methods: A total of 266 healthcare workers working in a medical college in Nepal were studied using a questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographics, experiences and perception of COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccine safety. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26. The total perception score was calculated by noting respondent's agreement with a set of eleven statements using a Likert-type scale. Non-parametric tests (Mann– Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis) were used for analysis (p<0.05). Results: Altogether, 13.9% of respondents had been diagnosed COVID-19 positive prior to the survey. Many considered themselves to be at increased risk of contracting COVID-19. Only over one third (38.3%) were willing to be vaccinated. The most common reason for refusal/hesitancy was concern about vaccine safety. The median (interquartile range) total perception score was 36 (4) (maximum possible score=55). The score was significantly higher among those who had been diagnosed COVID positive, those who perceived the pandemic as being moderate or severe and among those willing to be vaccinated Conclusion: Addressing doubts related to vaccine safety and providing more data on the safety of vaccine may be helpful in overcoming hesitancy.


Self Help Groups (SHGs), in essence, works on the principle of "Self-reliance by the people". In a country like India that has a significant population living in poverty, the concept of SHGs allows these people to work towards helping better their lives socially and financially by optimally utilizing the resources already at their disposal. Keeping the above mentioned details in regards to SHGs in mind, the research work was undertaken to understand the details and operations of Women SHGs in Raipur, Chhattisgarh. Raipur is home to four ethnic specializing restaurants run by the Monisha Womens's SHG, of which, "Gadh Kaleva" is the restaurant selected to study purposes for this research work. Personal interviews were conducted with members of the Monisha Women's SHG to gather primary information directly from the source, and at the same time, secondary information in the form of reports, journal and the internet was also relied on to develop initial understanding and support findings. In the selected SHG (Gadh Kaleva), of the total members, 44% comprise of women who are aged, 51% of respondents have only studied till middle school and this also happens to be the maximum level of literacy within the group, 65% of the members were married. This SHG offers a variety of seven Chhattisgarhi dishes out of which Chila contributes to about 30% of the SHGs output. Furthermore, in terms of sweets, Gadh Kaleva offers eight products out of which Airsa contributes to about 20% of their production output, the highest among the eight sweet offerings. The average Input-Output Ratio of Monisha women SHGs product in regards to breakfast products the maximum input-output ratio was 01:04.3 and Minimum input-output ratio was 01:02.3. In sweet products the maximum input-output ratio was 1:01.8 and minimum input-output ratio was 01:01.1. Similarly, VC Ratio of Monisha women SHGs product in regards to sweet product the Maximum VC ratio was 0.87 and Minimum VC ratio was 0.49 and in breakfast products the Maximum VC ratio was 0.65 and Minimum VC ratio was 0.41. On the basic of overall performance, it is found that, both for breakfast products and sweet products, products contributing towards maximum Input-Output Ration and maximum VC Ratio are the ones that are contributing heavily to profitability. There are some suggestions for future work that the studies should be undertaken and published in regards to all the Ethnic foods specific to the Chhattisgarh state so that awareness in this regards in the minds of the local public increases. Chhattisgarh government should encourage setting up of SHGs specializing in offering ethnic foods so that, in the future, this will allow for enhanced marketing for ethnic foods.


Acid and heat-resistant proteins (thermosoluble proteins) were isolated from urine after exercise. These proteins were divided by starch block electrophoresis into 5 subfractions with 30 sections. Donaggio titer and protein measurement were done for each section, and the relationship between thermosoluble proteins and Donaggio specific activity (Donaggio titer/total protein concentration) was investigated. The results were: 1) The Donaggio specific activity of the 5 subfractions with 30 sections was maximum in the alb. ~α1-glob. region. It increased after treatment by heating at 100℃ for 10 minutes and acidification to pH 5. 2) A significant rise in the protein concentration of urine after exercise was observed in the alb. and αl-glob. regions. 3) The Donaggio specific activity of serum was higher than urine for equivalent protein concentrations. 4) Thermosoluble proteins were identified as Donaggio substances. The Donaggio specific activity of proteins was in the order of alb.,>α1-glob.>α2-glob.≫β-glob., γ-glob.. 5) The most important proteins contributing to the Donaggio titer were thought to be alb. and αl-AG, judging from correlation coefficients between Donaggio titers and protein measurement. The differences between alb. and αl-AG, before and after treatment were not statistically significant. Measurement of thermosoluble proteins in urine may be a useful method of determining the magnitude of the load imposed by physical exercise upon an individual.


The design and implementation of an adaptive disturbance rejection approach is presented for single-input-single-output linear-time-invariant uncertain mechanical systems subject to sinusoidal disturbances with unknown amplitudes and frequencies. The proposed technique suggests construction of a set of stabilizing tuning functions via a state estimate observer in a backStepping fashion to achieve asymptotic disturbance rejection. The tuning functions design is based on a single Lyapunov function incorporating both the error states and update law, and hence, global stability and improved transient performance are readily achieved. Utilizing only the system output, a virtual control input is used in place of non-measurable and unknown signals. The performance of the adaptation algorithm is demonstrated through both simulations and experiments for a single-degree-of-freedom system with unknown parameters and subject to an unknown sinusoidal disturbance. Significant matching between the simulation and experimental results is observed.


By reflecting their systemic nature, the Production Development Partnerships (PDP) in Healthcare represent a shift in healthcare policy and constitute the main instrument of public action on the part of the healthcare development policy community. Considering the importance of healthcare to a national development trajectory that combines economic competitiveness and social inclusion, this article aims to analyze the political and institutional factors that affect national development in healthcare policy, by highlighting the PDP. In order to do so


Vacuum silages made from Pioneer 383 and Pride 5 corn were fed with concentrate and with and without hay to lactating dairy cows. Yields per hectare in terms of dry matter were 8,850 kg for Pioneer 383 and 8,350 kg for Pride 5. Intake of silage dry matter was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for Pride 5 (11.4 kg/day) than for Pioneer 383 (9.8 kg/day), and significantly lower (P < 0.05) for both silages when hay was fed (11.4 kg/day versus 9.7 kg/day). Fat-corrected milk production was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for Pride 5 (17.0 kg/day) than for Pioneer 383 silage (15.8 kg/day), and significantly higher (P < 0.05) when hay was fed, than without hay supplementation (167 kg/day versus 16.0 kg/day). Utilization of silage dry matter in terms of fat-corrected milk production per hectare was 10,486 kg for Pride 5 corn silage and 11,176 kg for Pioneer 383 corn silage.


A kind of three-phase double-frequency grid-connected inverter is proposed for renewable energy power generation.Its high frequency unit consists of a three-phase four-switch grid-connected inverter to improve the performance of output current and its low frequency unit consists of two single-phase half-bridge power-output inverters to reduce the switching loss and enhance system efficiency.Compared with three-phase full-bridge double-frequency grid-connected inverter,it saves four switches and an inductor,resulting in less switching loss and cost.The sliding mode control strategy of its high-frequency unit is researched to enhance its adaptability and robustness.Simulative results show that,the proposed inverter with sliding mode control has better dynamic and static performances,with less output current harmonics and better waveform quality.


Network Virtualization (NV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are both expected to increase the flexibility and programmability of today's communication networks. Combining both approaches may even be a further step towards increasing the efficiency of network resource utilization. Multiple solutions for virtualizing SDN networks have already been proposed, however, they are either implemented in software or they require special network hardware. We propose HyperFlex, an SDN hypervisor architecture that relies on the decomposition of the hypervisor into functions that are essential for virtualizing SDN networks. The hypervisor functions can be flexibly executed in software or hosted on SDN network elements. Furthermore, existing hypervisor solutions focus on data-plane virtualization mechanisms and neglect the virtualization of the control-plane of SDN networks. HyperFlex provides control-plane virtualization by adding a control-plane isolation function, either in software or on network elements. The isolation function ensures that the resources of the control-plane are shared correctly between each virtual SDN network while it also protects the hypervisor resources from resource exhaustion.


Purpose – This paper aims to examine the Chinese indigenous concept of suzhi (素质) by analyzing its historical evolution and its contemporary implications for human resource management (HRM) research and practice at the national and organizational levels. Design/methodology/approach – An integrated review of literatures in sinology, political science, anthropology and sociology concerned with suzhi-related research, combined with recent incidents associated with suzhi. Findings – Suzhi is an indigenous concept embedded in the centuries-long historical context of China. Suzhi development has been focused on three key dimensions, moral, physical and mental, as a way of building quality employees and citizens. Yet developing and quantifying the moral aspects of suzhi is more challenging than measuring its physical and mental dimensions. Linking suzhi development to human capital theory enriches the understanding of this indigenous concept at both organizational and national levels. Research limitations/implic...


The present invention by mounting so as to form a color mixing lens with a high refractive index polygonal pyramid shape, to increase the light collecting efficiency of the light source with a high brightness implemented in a large display device having a large area, and uniformity of light to minimize the loss of light source color mixing lens for a display for improving the property and there is a feature that provides a backlight unit equipped with them. To this end, a backlight device for display of the present invention with a plurality of the LED lens is a plurality of color mixing lens is parallel arranged with a mutual constant distance, side by side arranged at a mutual constant distance, the color mixing lens, the LED lens comprising: a and a diffusion sheet that is provided at an upper part, wherein the color mixing lens, the LED lens and a frame for fixing, supporting the diffusion sheet, the color mixing lens is triangular pyramid shape to allow the light source to be emitted back is easily reflected, quadrangular pyramid shape (pyramidal), ohgakppul shape, protrudes into a hexagonal pyramid shape, pyramid shape and fill any of the polygonal shape in the polygonal pyramid shape such as the shape palgakppul characterized in that formed. Liquid crystal displays, color mixing lens, a backlight unit, LED, light emitting diode, a high luminance, uniformity of


ABSTRACT Exit West reflects a progressive shift in Pakistani anglophone literature from the familiar framework of postcolonial writing back to writing beyond the 9/11 era. Set in a post-Brexit–Trump world, this speculative fiction seeks to democratize the future by re-imagining the relationship between history and geography, aligned with the dimensions of time and space. In Hamid's view, the present wish of humanity to go back towards past greatness poses a grave danger to the imagining of a progressive future. His novel therefore presents a radical future of global migration imagined through the magical portals that allow instant access to destinations around the world, challenging border divisions. This article argues that this turn towards speculative postcolonial fiction opens literary doors into cognitive spaces of contestation as well as meaningful dialogues in a post-post-9/11 world of global insecurity and anti-immigration sentiments that have contributed to far reaching events like Brexit.


The article presents the case of Goree and Ilha de Mocambique, two small African islands declared World Heritage Sites for their past history connected to the slave trade and their colonial architecture. They are now cultural tourism destinations but, despite being endowed with a relevant historical and cultural heritage, and their relevance for the African and global history, they haven't find yet a successful way of promoting their cultural resources as a means to reduce poverty, leaving the poor living conditions of the resident society threaten the very survival of the heritage resources. The article presents the results of two fieldwork missions on the islands conducted by the Author, aimed at showing the weaknesses and strengths of the actual tourist management.


Abstract The Lena Shear is a gold-anomalous structure that sits in an Archaean greenstone belt and extends for more than 7 km. It is partially obscured by regolith and an extensive salt lake system over its length. Identification of the shear under cover is hampered by the poor magnetic susceptibility contrasts of the host lithologies. A Sub-Audio Magnetic (SAM) survey over an exposed section of the Lena Shear recorded anomalous equivalent magnetometric resistivity (EQMMR) values proximal to the shear, but not directly associated with the geologically mapped location of the shear as expected. An interpretation of the Sub-Audio Magnetic survey highlights current channelling in structural and geological elements that were previously unknown. The relationship between the shear zone and the anomalous EQMMR response is unresolved because of the stronger response of an adjacent ultramafic unit. It is likely that deep weathering of rock units, contacts and shears has combined to produce the observed anomalies.


Electronic unit pump (EUP) fuel injection system has prospective application in medium or heavy diesel engine. Developing an ECU of EUP diesel engine is necessary to meet emission regulations and economic requirements. The structure and working principle of EUP fuel injection system was studied. An ECU was developed, which consists of digital circuit, power supply module, driving circuit and sensor signal processing circuit. A diesel engine management system named micro real time kernel was also designed to run the control program. The control strategies of injection timing and injection quantity were put forward. Experimental research on diesel engine verified the availability of the ECU system.


Objective
To explore the correlation between family function and clinical symptom in depression and its effect on suicidal ideation.

Methods
Forms of General information, Hamilton Depression Scales (HAMD), Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS), Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, Second Edition (FACESII-CV) were used to the survey in which 125 voluntary subjects were involved who were then under the treatment in the hospital. All the subjects were divided into two groups by SIOSS standard for evaluation, including the suicidal ideation group (SIOSS ≥ 12 points; 81 cases), and the non-suicidal ideation group (SIOSS<12 points; 44 cases).

Results
⑴ The scores showing FACESII-CV of suicidal ideation patients were evidently lower than those the non-suicidal ideation patients (P<0.05). The highest proportion of the family type was intermediate type in non-suicidal ideation patients and extreme type in the suicidal ideation patients. ⑵ The scores showing SCL-90 of suicidal ideation patients were evidently higher than those the non-suicidal ideation patients (P<0.05). ⑶ The scores of family cohesion had negatively correlated with interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, paranoid ideation of SCL-90. The scores of family adaptability had negatively correlated with total scores, total average, positive symptom distresslevel, somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism of SCL-90. The multiple linear regression was Y=2.523X1 (depression)-0.144X2 (family adaptability)+ 13.659.

Conclusions
It is revealed that the suicidal ideation depression patients suffer less sufficient family cohesion and adaptability than non-suicidal ideation. Its clinical symptoms are more complex, diverse, and severe. Most of them have an intermediate type family in non-suicidal ideation depressions, and the most common family type in the suicidal ideation depressions is extreme type family. For the suicidal ideation depression patients, the worse the family function, the more severe the clinical symptoms. Degree of depression and family adaptability has speculated significance to suicidal ideation.

Key words:
Depressive disorder; Family; Suicide


The number of people dying in urban India due to deteriorating air quality is rising every year and very little is being done to deal with pollution in Indian cities. Pollution is a noun derived from transitive verb 'pollute', which according to Random House Dictionary of English Language means: to foul, to pollute the air, etc. An important component of air pollution which is assuming importance is the Pollution from Noise. Noise is an inescapable by product of industrial environment, which is increasing very fast with the advancement in industrialization. The Industries located in the residential areas such as the printing press, agro based industries, automobiles repairing, grinding mills, etc. are the main sources of community noise affecting public continuously living in the vicinity. In this short communication, nuisance, adverse impacts and some remedial measures of noise pollution are delineated concisely.


Abstract The behavior of some carboxy and hydroxy benzene derivatives related to lignin and humic materials was examined by thin layer chromatography on plain and Fe(III)-impregnated silica-gel plates, in three solvent systems. The mobility differences on impregnated and plain plates, expressed as Ri values, were calculated and can be used as one of the parameters for identification of the compounds tested.


Objective
To investigate the clinical significance of abnormal sugar-chain glycoprotein tumor abnormal protein (TAP) in the screening of common digestive tract pre-cancer colon adenocarcinoma lesions.

Methods
A total of 50 colitis patients, 50 colon polyp patients and 50 colon adenocarcinoma patients admitted to our hospital from March, 2012 to May, 2014 were included. Fresh blood from the patients' fingertips was collected; and condensation staining was used to detect TAP expression.

Results
The positive expressions of TAP in the patients with colitis, colon polyp, and colon adenocarcinoma were 6%, 76%, and 92%, with statistical differences (P 0.05). Patient follow-up revealed that the tumor incidences in the TAP-positive patients of the ones with colitis, colon polyp, and colon adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than those in the TAP-negative ones (33.3% vs. 0.0%, 36.8% vs. 8.3%, and 45.0% vs. 10.0%; all P<0.05).

Conclusion
TAP has a higher expression in colon pre-adenocarcinoma lesions. Additionally, TAP participates in the processes from intestinal mucosal inflammation to colon polyp, and to tissue canceration. Therefore, TAP can be used for the screening of digestive tract precancerous lesions.

Key words:
Colitis; Colon polyp; Colon adenocarcinoma; Tumor abnormal protein


Appl. No.: 10/550,492 An eco-friendly method is designed to recycle copper con tained in the discarded printed circuit boards and the like. The method involves use of various acids, such as hydro chloric acid, Sulphuric acid, oxalic acid, to bring about the ionization of the copper, thereby resulting in formation of copper-containing solutions. The copper is brought back in the form of copper oxide or copper powder by use of various reducing agents. All byproducts produced in the course of recycling the copper are useful for other industrial applica PCT/USO3/08459 tions. (22) PCT Filed: Mar. 27, 2003


This article details a study looking at learning outcomes in a foreign language course with a focus on intercultural learning. The main aim of this study is to examine the relationship between learners' L2 performance and their higher-thinking skills. In advanced Japanese language classes at an Australian university, students read articles regarding global issues written in Japanese, and engaged in discussions with peers from various cultural backgrounds. They then created videos on contemporary issues, and uploaded them to YouTube, where they were commented on by students in Japanese universities. This paper describes in detail L2 performance of six students with different backgrounds (two international students, two local students with an Asian background, and two local students with a relatively monocultural background). The findings suggest that there is no clear relationship between learners' L2 performance and the higher-order thinking skills exhibited in intercultural learning. The paper also discusses constructs of L2 performance required in intercultural communication.


Hybrid memory systems with a combination of DRAM and Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) types can make use of scalability and performance of both NVM and DRAM. Random placement of pages in Phase Change Memory (PCM) with more write accesses incurs higher write latencies. So, migrating write intensive pages from PCM to DRAM helps to reduce execution time and memory response time for applications. Existing techniques mainly focus on selecting the page migration candidate and migrate it immediately when it becomes eligible. This direct migration approach can hamper the response time of regular memory accesses. So, in our paper, we identify migration candidates and in addition, schedule when they can be migrated to DRAM. To realize this, we have used Selection and Run-time Scheduling of page Migration (SRS-Mig), a frame-based scheduling approach for migrations and read/write requests. SRS-Mig reduces migration overhead and guarantees future accesses to migrated pages to yield an improved execution time and memory response time for the applications. Experimental evaluation shows 30% improvement in execution time; 26% improvement memory response time, and considerable energy savings with the existing baseline techniques.


The scattering of SH wave at the aperiodic cracks of infinite elastic piezoelectric medium strips is studied in this paper,and the variation regularity between stress intensity factors and electric displacement intensity factors at the end points of two cracks under different wave numbers and different crack spacing intervals is investigated.


The article states that one of the most important problems in Ukraine in current conditions is the fight against terrorism. Counterterrorism actors are involved in countering this extremely dangerous phenomenon. The system of counterterrorism actors is a set of entities defined at the level of legislation that interact with each other in order to prevent, detect, suppress and minimize the consequences of terrorist activities.
The author points out that improving the activities of these actors involves not only improving their organizational structure in order to increase mobility and flexibility in responding to changes in the dynamics of terrorism, but also strengthening the ties and interaction of relevant departments involved in anti-terrorism activities. Along with this, it is noted that civil society institutions should be involved in countering terrorism. The paper also suggests directions for improving the antiterrorist system of Ukraine.
Key words: anti-terrorism actors, system of anti-terrorism actors, the President of Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, Anti-terror Center of the Security Service of Ukraine.


The pancreatic islets of Langerhans, mainly formed by glucagon‐producing α‐cells and insulin‐producing β‐cells, are critical for glucose homeostasis. Insulin and glucagon oppositely modulate blood glucose levels in health, but a combined decline in insulin secretion together with increased glucagon secretion contribute to hyperglycemia in diabetes. Despite this bi‐hormonal dysregulation, most studies have focused on insulin secretion and much less is known about glucagon secretion. Therefore, a deeper understanding of α‐cell metabolism and glucagon secretion is of great interest. Here, we show that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1), an essential cataplerotic enzyme involved in metabolism and long considered to be absent from the pancreatic islet, is expressed in pancreatic α‐cells of both murine and human. Furthermore, PCK1 transcription is induced by fasting and diabetes in rat pancreas, which indicates that the PCK1 activity is required for α‐cell adaptation to different metabolic states. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence implicating PCK1 expression in α‐cell metabolism.


The invention relates to a device (1) for at least partially releasing a fastening at least a pedal (2) in a vehicle during a collision, said pedal (2) about an axis (3) to a support (4) is pivotally mounted and wherein a stop element (9) from the pedal (2) is arranged offset in the direction of a vehicle driver in a passenger compartment of the vehicle and the support (4) via at least one connecting element (5) is positively connected to the vehicle and between said support (4) and the vehicle, a lower portion (7.1) of a lever element (7) is arranged, the leverage effect is oriented perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the at least one connecting element (5). According to the invention is arranged at least one connecting element (5) displaceable and is formed such that it has a predetermined breaking point (5.2), wherein the lever member (7) at a caused by the collision deformation of the vehicle against the stop element (9) can be pressed and thus such is movable to a lower portion (7.1) of the lever member (7) displacing the at least one connecting element (5) is realized in a desired position, and then from the leverage effect due to the further movement of the lever element (7), destroying the at least one connecting element (5 ) (in the region of the predetermined breaking point 5.2) and thereby at least a partial dissolution of the carrier (4) resulting from the vehicle.


PbS QDs in glasses have attracted much attention due to the potentials for near-infrared applications. Growth of PbS QDs in the glass is discussed and size of PbS QDs formed in the glass can be tuned by varying the thermal treatment conditions. Hyperbolic-band approximation and four-band envelope function provide good simulation of the exciton energies of PbS QDs. Absorption and photoluminescence of PbS QDs was tuned into 1~2 ㎛ wavelength regime with large full width at half maximum photoluminescence intensity (>160 ㎚). Photoluminescence intensity of PbS QDs in the glasses was closely related to size of quantum dots, temperature, excitation and defects. Decrease in temperature shifted the photoluminescence bands to shorter wavelength and switched the photoluminescence from darkened state and brightened state.


• Background: P2Y12 inhibitors block platelet ADP receptors thereby reducing clotting capacity. In an emergency, these agents must be reversed or therapeutically overcome to stop bleeding. Additionally, prior to and during elective procedures these inhibitors must be withdrawn, thereby increasing thrombotic risk. Lyophilized human platelets (Thrombosomes®) are stabilized platelet derived hemostatic agents currently under Phase 2 clinical development for thrombocytopenia and have potential as antiplatelet reversal agents.
 • Aims: The aim of this study was to determine if lyophilized human platelets are resistant to the antiplatelet effect of P2Y12 inhibitors and therefore restore hemostasis in the presence of P2Y12 inhibitors.
 • Methods: Fresh drawn platelet rich plasma (PRP) was treated with pharmacological concentrations of P2Y12 inhibitors cangrelor or ticagrelor and confirmed to inhibit ADP-stimulated aggregation on the PAP-8E Platelet Aggregometer. Changes in hemostatic properties of the P2Y12 inhibitor treated PRP were also tested under shear force on the Total Thrombus formation Analysis System (T-TAS®). P2Y12 inhibitor treated PRP samples were dosed with lyophilized platelets and tested for return of hemostatic properties by T-TAS. NOD SCID mice were used in a tail snip model to determine hemostatic efficacy of Thrombosomes® after super pharmacological doses of clopidogrel treatment.
 • Results: Fresh PRP derived platelet aggregation response to ADP was inhibited by cangrelor or ticagrelor whereas lyophilized platelets did not respond to either inhibitor. Normal thrombus formation of PRP as measured by T-TAS occurred at 19.5± 1.5 minutes (n=4) but increases to 28.0±3.0 minutes with cangrelor (n=4) or 28.0±3.0 minutes with ticagrelor (n=5) treatment. The addition of 150k/µL lyophilized platelets to P2Y12-inhibited PRP reduced time to thrombus formation to lower than PRP alone; 15.5 ±0.5 minutes in the presence of cangrelor (n=3) versus 17.5 ±1.5 minutes in the presence of ticagrelor (n=5). In the in vivo tail snip mouse model animals treated with super pharmacological dose of clopidogrel bled for 18.0±10.0 minutes (n=5) unlike those not treated that only bleed for 9.5±2.5 minutes (n=6). Lyophilized platelet treated clopidogrel animals stopped bleeding at 12.5 ±4.5 minutes (n=5) after tail snip.
 • Conclusion: Lyophilized human platelets, unlike normal platelets were resistant to the antiplatelet effects of P2Y12 inhibitors. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal that lyophilized human platelets can be used to recover the anti-thrombotic effect of P2Y12 antagonists, potentially allowing continued drug compliance prior to elective procedures and as a possible treatment for emergent acute bleeding while on P2Y12 antagonist therapy.

 Dickerson: Cellphire Inc.: Current Employment. Lee:Cellphire, Inc.: Current Employment. Hale:Cellphire: Current Employment. Moskowitz:Cellphire Inc.: Current Employment.


ABSTRACT The urban public locations are the places where the various groups of city dwellers can be together. These places have gone through a process parallel to the development of the cities. Shopping activity concentrated at open areas at the stage of the establishment of city .It has been partially transferred to the closed areas. Nowadays, shopping centers where the shopping activity is carried out have a special meaning in terms of public life. In this research the features of the shopping centers as urban public locations has been evaluated. Ankara has been selected as the research area for this assessment. The shopping centers that have been established in the recent years plays a rather distinguishing role for determinies to the development of city. It is a compelling reason to consider the urban and public locational features of these places due to the fact that these centers are a visiting place for almost all inhabitants.From this respect the research findings that will be discussed in the text seem to be so important. This research was realized under the Research Fund Project of Gazi University between the years 2000-2002.


In this publication we systematically compared the surface rheological properties of different polysiloxane capsule membranes with planar cross-linked films of the same chemical composition. We performed interfacial rheological measurements and different experiments of the capsule deformation in shear and centrifugal fields. In a series of experiments we determined the surface shear and Young's moduli of the polysiloxane membranes. These investigations allowed us to calculate the two-dimensional Poisson ratio of the viscoelastic polysiloxane shells. We also compared the yield values of the capsule deformation Dmax and the maximal shear strain γmax, which describe the limits of the linear viscoelastic response. In the regime of large centrifugal forces, we observed a new capsule bursting mechanism. For small deformations, where the membranes showed linear-viscoelastic properties we found a very good agreement between measurements and theoretical predictions.


Since hypoferremia is so consistently associated with the anemia of infection (1), and since injected iron appears to be diverted from the plasma in infection (1, 2), it seemed desirable to determine the fate of the diverted iron. In this study, radioactive iron was injected intravenously into normal rats and in rats with acute inflammation. The blood and tissues were then analyzed after a period of time for radioactivity. Preliminary studies were made in which only the blood and liver were analyzed in order to determine the appropriate amount of iron to employ. Radioactive iron was also injected intravenously into dogs, and analyses were carried out on a number of tissues, including the exudates.


This article introduces the development of a network monitor platform.The main purpose is to study how to connect these ventilators distributed in various rooms to a central computer by their digital interfaces and to show the information on the remote monitor.According to the clinical request,we established a convenient ventilator network monitor platform.By this platform,we integrated many ventilators to a central monitor system which can help the medical personnel to use the parameters conveniently.


Users with visual disabilities present outdoor mobility problems. Some devices have been developed to cope with this need. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) devices have gained popularity on the market implying a reduction of cost, size, and new features, but they fail to provide an interface for blind users. We developed a computer tool to assist blind users in their displacement through the city. Ambient GPS is a hardware and software solution for helping blind users in their daily outdoor mobility tasks. Sound-based software embedded in a Pocket PC that together with the assistance of a GPS satellite provides information to blind users to orient and move throughout diverse points of interest in the city. We developed this solution with the assistance, support and permanent enrichment provided by visually impaired users. Usability evaluation results revealed almost no difficulty in their usage. Users with visual disabilities were able to move to requested destinations without any trouble, even in unfamiliar contexts, leading them to discover better paths to reach known destinations. Future work should focus on the use of this type of solution in mobile phones.


ABSTRACT Computer simulation was used to compare closed-loop control algorithms and transmission types on the basis of fuel economy. Manual, power shift, and continuously variable transmissions (CVT) were subjected to four different load cycles. Compared to the manual transmission, 19 to 45% fuel savings were projected for the closed-loop, power-shift transmission, with slightly greater savings for the closed-loop CVT. Transmission shifting frequencies ranged from 1 to 112 shifts per hour, but even for highly variable loads, the fuel savings produced by shifting more than 20 times per hour were small.


Photografting of vinyl monomers has been studied to make hydrophilic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. A chlorine-containing polydimethylsiloxane (C-PDMS) prepared by polymerization of chloromethylheptamethylcyclotetrasiloxane was photocured on a glass plate. The crosslinked C-PDMS was subjected to a reaction with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. The diethyldithiocarbamated PDMS was then photoirradiated in the presence of hydrophilic vinyl monomers such as 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and acrylamide to afford surface-grafted PDMS. Several vinyl monomers were found to graft onto the PDMS surface, as revealed by their attenuated total reflectance infrared and ESCA spectra. Hydrophilicity of the grafted PDMS surfaces was confirmed by the decrease in their water contact angle.


Introduction: Otolaryngological trauma is prevalent in road traffic accidents (RTA), with or without multiple organ injuries.
Objective: The aim was to report the number and pattern of otolaryngological injuries in cases of road traffic accidents (RTA) and their outcome.
Methodology:  A prospective study over one year of cases of RTA was done. The pattern and outcome of the otolaryngological and facial injury was recorded.
Result: Out of 90 cases, 69(76.66%) were male, 21 (23.33%) were female. The mean age was 32.33 ±13Yrs.The mean time of presentation to emergency was 16.24 ±19.61hrs. Motor vehicle accident was more common, 75 (83.33%). Multiple injury was found in 68(75.55%) cases. Among 89 cases with ear problem, common complaints were hearing loss, 20(22.47%), otalgia, 17(19.1%) and laceration of pinna 13(14.6%). Ear complications were seen in16 (17.97 %) cases . Among 55 cases of nose/face injury, common presentation were epistaxis, 20 (36.36%) and nasal bone fracture, 12 (21.81%).  Nasal complications were found in 8 (14.54%) cases. In 32 cases of neck/throat trauma, laceration was found in 11 (34.37%) cases. 4(12.5%) cases had undergone tracheostomy.  Complications (stenosis and hoarseness) were found in 6(18.75%) cases. Patients who required admission were 81(90%).
Conclusion: Motor vehicle accidents were more common. It was commoner in male. Ear was most commonly affected by injury and complications.  The complication of nose and neck/throat was associated with prolonged admission.


Frame buildings as important nodes of urban space. The include high-speed railway stations, airports, residences, and office buildings, which carry various activities and functions. Due to illumination irrationality and mutual occlusion between complex objects, low illumination situations frequently develop in these architectural environments. In this case, the location information of the target is difficult to determine. At the same time, the change in the indoor electromagnetic environment also affects the location information of the target. Therefore, this paper adopts the vision method to achieve target localization in low-illumination environments by feature matching of images collected in the offline state. However, the acquired images have serious quality degradation problems in low-illumination conditions, such as low brightness, low contrast, color distortion, and noise interference. These problems mean that the local features in the collected images are missing, meaning that they fail to achieve a match with the offline database images; as a result, the location information of the target cannot be determined. Therefore, a Visual Localization with Multiple-Similarity Fusions (VLMSF) is proposed based on the Nonlinear Enhancement And Local Mean Filtering (NEALMF) preprocessing enhancement. The NEALMF method solves the problem of missing local features by improving the quality of the acquired images, thus improving the robustness of the visual positioning system. The VLMSF method solves the problem of low matching accuracy in similarity retrieval methods by effectively extracting and matching feature information. Experiments show that the average localization error of the VLMSF method is only 8 cm, which is 33.33% lower than that of the Kears-based VGG-16 similarity retrieval method. Meanwhile, the localization error is reduced by 75.76% compared with the Perceptual hash (Phash) retrieval method. The results show that the method proposed in this paper greatly alleviates the influence of low illumination on visual methods, thus helping city managers accurately grasp the location information of targets under complex illumination conditions.


The decline of Mohism in Qin and Han Dynasties doesn't prevent spreading of Mohist ideology and spirits. Taiping scriptures assimilate and reform Mohism. A comparison between Taiping Jing and Mohism helps understand the complicated ideological systems of the two initial Daoist classical works as well as change of Mohism since Qin and Han Dynasties.


The purpose of the this study was to obtain empirical evidence, personal communication influence of advertising, sales promotion and public relations to brand equity. In this study, the object is some users Honda Jazz in the city of Padang. The data used is primary data obtained through questionnaires used in this study are two categories of variables. The first dependent variable is the brand equity. Both independent variables are composed of personal communication, advertising, sales promotion and public relations. The process of hypothesis testing is done by using the method of quantitative analysis through multiple regression models and statistical t-test. The process of hypothesis testing performed using SPSS. Based on the results of hypothesis testing found that personal selling, sales promotion and no significant effect on the brand equity of the Honda Jazz in the city of Padang. The results also found that advertising and public relations significantly influence brand equity Honda Jazz in the city of Padang. Keyword Personal Comunication, Advertising, Sales Promotion, Public Relation & Brand Equity


The purpose of this paper is a comparative study of information technology management PhD programmes at the world top universities. So, the top five rankings of universities were identified. Then the top universities in the world generally and information systems/information technology field were identified too. 19 related fields were investigated. The titles of the courses of them were documented and examined. Subsequently, courses were classified according to their most frequently that include the methodology of research in information systems, data management, technical foundations of information systems, information systems development, seminar on information systems, information systems economics, information systems strategy and governance, social aspects of information systems and organization and management. Next, the proposed courses compared with courses of the programme in Iranian universities.


Radiotherapy is a generally safe treatment modality in practice; nevertheless, recent well-reported accidents also confirm its potential risks. However, this may obstruct or delay the introduction of new technologies and treatment strategies/ techniques into clinical practice. Risks must be addressed and judged in a realistic context : risks must be assessed realistically. Introducing new technology may introduce new possibilities of errors. However, delaying the introduction of such new technology therefore means that patients are denied the potentially better treatment opportunities. Despite the difficulty in quantitatively assessing the risks on both sides of the possible choice of actions, including the " lost opportunity " , the best estimates should be included in the overall risk – benefit and cost – benefit analysis. Radiotherapy requires a sufficiently high level of support for the safety, precision and accuracy required : radiotherapy development and implementation is exciting. However, it has been anxious with a constant awareness of the consequences of mistakes or misunderstandings. Recent history can be used to show that for introduction of advanced radiotherapy, the risk-averse medical physicist can act as an electrical fuse in a complex circuit. The lack of sufficient medical physics resource or expertise can short out this fuse and leave systems unsafe. Future technological developments


A method of controlling a robot (1) defined by a pattern of nodes and deformable by actuators (2), effectors points of the robot to follow a desired path, a matrix K defining a variation of the internal forces of the robot at each node depending on the variation in position of the nodes, comprising: - updating the values of K depending on the current position of the nodes of the robot; - determining the Jacobian matrix J of δ vector (x), where x is a node position vector, the δ vector (x) has respective lines indicating the coordinates of the differences between the position of each point effector and its desired path, and the movement of each actuator; - calculating values of the matrix W = J. K-1. JT; and - solving the equation δ = λ + W. δ0et controlling the robot according to said resolution.


Objective: To investigate elderly patients with mild moxibustion on anti-aging effects.Methods: 400 cases of elderly patients treated with moxibustion were divided into treatment group and aging control group,group to moderate Moxibustion Moxibustion Shenque,Guanyuan,Shenshu,etc.Zusanli points observed and compared symptoms before and after treatment,serum superoxide dismutase,hemoglobin,cholesterol,triglycerides,blood rheology,immunoglobulin changes.Aging control group,no treatment.Results:Moxibustion group of aging symptoms,serum superoxide dismutase,hemoglobin,cholesterol,triglycerides,blood rheology,change parameters such as immunoglobulin is superior to those in the control group.Conclusion: The mild moxibustion can not only significantly improved the symptoms of aging and may,through regulation of serum superoxide dismutase,hemoglobin,cholesterol,triglycerides,blood rheology,immunoglobulin and other indicators have reached the role of anti-aging.


Abstract High-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations are presented of the motion of grain-boundary dislocations within an aluminium Σ = 3[011] bicrystal. The observations show the glide of dissociated a/3[111] grain-boundary dislocations on the incoherent Σ = 3(211) boundary. These dislocations are subsequently incorporated into a growing coherent two lamella where further motion occurs by climb. Analysis of the tip of the advancing twin suggests that nucleation of coherent twin segments may be initiated by the absorption of a lattice dislocation in the boundary with the subsequent dissociation to form a/3[111] and a/6[211] grain-boundary dislocations.


Introduction The fundamental purpose of criminal law and criminal justice system is to control crime, punish the offenders, prevent crimes, protect innocents, and to maintain a fair degree of cohesion and stability in society. While criminal law is broadly seen as a tool of social control, criminal justice system is an institutional framework to enforce criminal laws. In general, criminal law refers to the following points: substantive norms for defining crime as well as prescribing punishment for offences; general principles upon which norms and practices of criminal law develop; rules of evidence and procedures through which criminal laws are applied. On the other hand, criminal justice system refers to the institutional aspect which conjures up the broad spectrum of a set of legal institutions, which include judiciary, police, prosecutors, defense lawyers, and prison authorities as well as a host of other support institutions and functions such as investigation, forensics, surveillance and so on. Effective application of criminal law is fundamentally connected to efficiency of administrative system of these legal institutions. The goals and purposes of criminal justice system are often articulated in two predominant but competing models-'due process model' and 'crime control model'-which should also be highlighted in order to have an indepth understanding of the issues in hand. The 'Due process model' puts emphasis on the right of the individuals in the process of criminal adjudication, while the 'Crime Control model' sees the regulation of criminal conduct as the most important function of the judicial system. Thus, these models represent two separate value system in the operation of the criminal processthe protection of individual liberty in criminal


Knowledge of sedation trends for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is important for health service planning, particularly in view of rapidly increasing demands on endoscopy services. However, no data are available on sedation trends in Britain over the past 10 years.


The motivation for this work is the need to analyze the behavior of an engineering system subjected to the hostile environment of a fire. The specific goal is to estimate the survivability of a component potted in insulating foam. The foam undergoes an endothermic reaction and through this heat sink protects the component. Because the operating conditions are stochastic and because the properties of the foam can only be estimated, the usual deterministic analysis cannot be used. Instead, Bayesian inference is used to estimate the critical foam parameters and the operating conditions are described in terms of probabilities. The survivability is then expressed in terms of a probability distribution. Because the computations are very computationally expensive, recourse was made by expressing the computed results as a response surface defined in terms of a Gaussian process.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


National R&D programmes are an important means to raise investments for expediting national innovation policies. Since not all programmes are aligned with a government's ultimate vision, the strategic fit of the R&D portfolio at the national-level should be monitored, evaluated, and managed. This study aims to evaluate the strategic fit of national R&D programmes with R&D policies and to offer advice regarding portfolio management from a national point of view for effective resource allocation. To this end, we use an approach that integrates the balanced scorecard (BSC) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The BSC model for R&D is used to translate national R&D strategy objectives into a set of coherent strategic fit factors. The AHP provides an evaluation of the strategic fit scores of national R&D programmes. Finally, the portfolio maps of strategic fit scores were developed for diagnosing national R&D programme portfolios. The proposed approach is applied to study a case of evaluating the national R&D programme portfolios for the creative economy policy in Korea. The BSC-AHP based portfolio map can be emphasized as a bridge between systematic programme evaluation and efficient strategic management.


Multiresistant bacteria constitute a serious health risk. In order to investigate the environmental contamination of antibiotic resistance in areas with poor waste management in Bangladesh, fecal s ...


Abstract Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatocyte dysfunction, fat accumulation, and fibrosis, is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children. Elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are used clinically to identify potential liver dysfunction. Our goal was to assess for changes in the national prevalence of elevated ALT over time and potential relationship to trends in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity and elevated body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: We studied 5411 non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic adolescents aged 12–19 with complete MetS Z-score and ALT data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2014. Elevated ALT levels were defined by two different cutoffs: one for both sexes (30 U/L) and another that was sex specific (22 U/L girls; 25 U/L boys). MetS severity was assessed using a sex- and race-/ethnicity-specific MetS Z-score. Results: We did not find a statistically s...


An elementary though seemingly underappreciated finding shows that small global correlations are amplified by aggregation. We observe this behavior in flood damage claims in the US. We also observe that upper tail dependence seems to be amplified by aggregation in these data. We seek to understand this behavior. For sums of exponential variables which are conditionally independent given a gamma-distributed rate, we derive explicit expressions for upper tail dependence and prove that it goes to one as the number of summands goes to infinity, and that the lower tail dependence is zero. We also study sums of events under a latent variable model, where each event occurs if a uniform variable exceeds a threshold, and all uniform variables are conditionally independent given a "latent variable". We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for strong asymptotic upper tail dependence as the number of summands goes to infinity. Curiously, the normal copula satisfies this condition, although it is not tail dependent via the usual definition. Thus, sums of events under the normal copula latent variable model have upper tail dependence increasing to 1. We also identify tail dependent-like behavior in finite sums of events with the latent variable model.


The article examines the important role of modern technologies for teaching English as a foreign language in foreign language education. The use of modern technologies and information innovative technologies in the formation of the competencies of future specialists in a foreign language, the use of modern information technologies in the educational and methodological process allows the future specialist to acquire knowledge, skills and become competitive in the future. In many scientific publications, the concept of "competence" is associated with the definition of personality traits as a set of knowledge, skills, abilities, actions. In any life situation, a future specialist can be literate if he can apply the acquired knowledge and skills in life in any situation. The only way to demonstrate competitiveness is to develop competence. In general, the competence of a specialist is a combination of knowledge, skills, personal qualities and skills necessary for professional activity in a particular area. Since the formation of professional competence is a way to improve professionalism, it is formed only through the training and self-education of the future specialist in the English language.


Over the last century, global warming has increased dramatically. Studies show that human activity such as deforestation results in global warming, which is responsible for the increased temperatures in tropical rainforests, since it veers them off from their normal conditions. As the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere increases due to the greenhouse effect, global warming will continue to be present,
resulting in high rainforest temperatures.


Background: Intact sensory-motor system provides kinesthesia for maintaining joint stability. Joint proprioception or joint kinesthetic sensation is often used alternately to describe a deep sensation of joint motion and joint position sense. Mechanoreceptors located in superficial layer of joint capsule, muscle spindle, golgi tendon organ complex and ligaments around joint provides joint kinesthetic sensation. Frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis is one of the common musculoskeletal disorders encountered in Indian population with a prevalence of almost 50% older patients with diabetes and 2-10% in non-diabetic patients. This study assessed joint kinesthetic sensation during shoulder movements in people with frozen shoulder and healthy controls which may be affected due to presence of disease process or pain. Authors hypothesized that pain and alterations in non-contractile tissues (mainly capsule) around shoulder joint due to frozen shoulder may interfere with the joint kinesthetic sensation.Methods: Case group consisted of 41 participants with frozen shoulder and 41 healthy participants without shoulder pathology. Joint kinesthesia was assessed in frozen shoulders and dominant shoulders using angle reproduction test by actively reproducing the target angle placed passively by the therapist during flexion, abduction, medial and lateral rotation movements. The angle reproduced was measured using universal goniometer by the same therapist and 3 readings were recorded.Results: Results indicate significant differences between the mean difference of angle reproduction test during shoulder movements in cases of frozen shoulder and healthy group (p value <0.05).Conclusions: Significant shoulder kinesthetic deficits were observed in patients with unilateral frozen shoulder. Therefore, clinicians should consider rehabilitation of kinesthesia in treatment of patients with frozen shoulder.


Abstract Misfiring in spark-ignition engines can cause immediate damage to the catalyst and increase emissions since it brings unburned fuel and oxygen into the catalyst, resulting in an increase in temperature owing to subsequent combustion. Therefore, misfirings must be detected, as specified in the on-board diagnostics (OBD) regulations. One of the common methods of misfire detection is to detect the fluctuation in angular velocity of the crankshaft, which can be misdetected under conditions of high speed and low load and under conditions of rough road driving. An alternative method of misfire detection is suggested here, which utilizes the signal fluctuation of a wide-range oxygen sensor installed at the confluence point in the exhaust manifold. To understand the fluctuation in the wide-range oxygen sensor signal caused by a misfiring, the fluctuation in oxygen concentration in an exhaust manifold was estimated by measuring the hydrocarbon concentration. The effect of the transient response of a wide-range oxygen sensor on misfire detection performance was also investigated. It was found that differentiation of the sensor signal gives the criteria for misfire detection. The misfiring can be detected by monitoring the amplitude of the fluctuation in the differentiated signal, and the misfired cylinder can be identified by monitoring the phase delay between the peak point of the differentiated signal and a reference signal. This scheme has been shown to detect the misfiring condition reliably and to identify the misfiring cylinder up to an engine speed of 5000 r/min.


I Heimlich HJ. Pop goes the cafe coronary. Emergency Medicine 1974;6:154. 2 Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Mortality statistics 1980. DH2 No 7. London: OPCS, 1982:54. 3 Greensher J, Mofenson HC. Emergency treatment of the choking child. Pediatrics 1982;70 :110-2. Day RL, Grelin ES, Du Bois AB. Choking: the Heimlich abdominal thrust vs back blows: an approach to measurement of inertial and aerodynamic forces. Pediatrics 1982 ;70 :113-9. 5 Heimlich HJ. First aid for choking children: back blows and chest thrusts cause complications and death. Pediatrics 1982;70:120-5. 6 Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention, American Academy of Pediatrics. First aid for the choking child. Pediatrics 1981;67:744. Gordon AS, Belton MK, Ridolpho PF. Emergency management of foreign body airway obstruction. In: Safar P, Elam JO, eds. Advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1977:39-50. 8 St John's Ambulance, St Andrew's Ambulance Association, British Red Cross Society. First aid manual 1982. London: Dorling Kindersley Ltd, 1982:51-3.


Background: Home accident is among the most common type of trauma, in the second place after traffic accident. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors affecting the occurrence of home accidents in Iran.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and national Persian databases including SID, MagIran, and Medical Articles Bank were searched for articles published until September 12, 2021. The pooled prevalence and factors affecting the occurrence of home accidents were calculated.
Results: Twenty articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of home accident was 44% (95%CI: 32% to 56%). The pooled prevalence of foreign object/fall, stab or cut, suffocation, burn, poisoning and were 15% (95%CI: 10% to 20%), 24% (95%CI: 10% to 38%), 1% (95%CI:0.7% to 1.3%), 31% (95%CI:19% to 42.2%), and 6.8% (95%CI:4.2% to 429.4%), respectively.
Conclusion: The prevalence of home accidents in Iran is moderate but higher than in other countries. The findings of this review highlight the need for more attention to home accident in children and elderly in the South and Southeast regions of Iran.


Musa paradisiaca is a monoherbacious plant belonging to the family Musaceae, distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical countries. The plant parts are widely used to treat different diseases in humans in traditional medicines, such as diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, hypertension, hysteria, epilepsy, leprosy, hemorrhages, renal calculi and ulcers. The main pharmacological activities of this plant are antilithiatic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antidiarrhoeal, hypocholesterolaemic, hepatoprotective, antisnakevenom, wound healing, hair growth promoting, antifungal and antimenorrhagic activity. This review presents information on morphology, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Musa paradisiaca.


A 50 years old man came to our skin OPD with a H/O swelling in the right wrist joint for the past 15 years.It started as a small nodule extending to soft tissues and a sinus formation.. Clinically was provisionally diagnosed as ?Myce- toma ,? TB Synovitis. Biopsy was done and sent to Histopathology. With the help of morphology ,Culture and special stains it was diagnosed as a Primary cutaneous Actinomycosis after ruling out Oro Cervico facial,Thoracic , Abdominal and Pelvic actinomycosis. Cutaneous in- volvement manifests as an intense suppurative and granulomatous inflammation that first may present as a nodular lesion, sometimes with surrounding cellulitis The infection often progress so that nodules evolve into abscesses and sinus tracts. Summary Actinomycosis is a chronic, granulomatous soft tissue invasion and inflammation accompanied by the formation of external sinus tracts that typically discharge diagnostic sulfur gran- ules. Caused by the branching, gram-positive, non-acid fast, an- aerobic organism Actinomyces,Now after the Post Antibiotic era Primary cutaneous Actinomycosis is very rare,so it has been re- ported here.


of the model did influence conceptions both of the functions of education and of the process of education. The education system was to turn out a particular range of products at absolute minimum cost. This approach provoked opposition from those who detested what they saw as the dehumanization endemic to it; from others who resented its authoritarianism; and from those who liked neither the way the 'production' was organized, what was being produced nor why it was being produced. Some opponents were most exercised by the educational process involved, others by the restrictions on access to education the approach entailed. All were opposed to what they saw as the philistinism of the approach, its appalling neglect of the social and individual possibilities of education. There was no shortage of articulation of the beliefs contained in the various strands of progressive education, or of attempts to demonstrate the applicability of the work of such 'progressive' educators as Froebel, Montessori or Dewey.' The best known experiments in progressive education took place in fee paying schools with largely self-selected clienteles2 and this is often supposed to restrict the applicability of the theories and practices developed there to similar institutions. However, 'progressive' ideas were by no means confined to private schools and extra-system pressure groups. The 1905 'Handbook of Suggestions for the consideration of Teachers and others concerned in the Work of Public Elementary Schools', for instance, advised the teacher to 'seek at each stage to adjust his mind to (the pupils'), to draw upon their experience as a supplement to his own, and so to take


The polymerization of methacrylic esters initiated with methylaluminium tetraphenylporphyrin proceeded dramatically rapidly at room temperature in the presence of sterically crowded organoaluminium compounds such as methylaluminium ortho-substituted diphenolates, bis-(triphenylmethanolate), and triphenylaluminium, where undesired reaction between the growing species (enolatoaluminium porphyrin, 2) and the Lewis acids was sterically suppressed. Use of less hindered Lewis acids such as methylaluminum diphenolates having no ortho substituents, bis(diphenylmethanolate), trimethylaluminum for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate under similar conditions resulted in termination of chain growth


The TCPA's Reuniting Health with Planning project has generated both detailed guidance for planners and public health specialists2 and an analysis of the challenges and opportunities facing the two professions at a time when the opportunity for closer working is greater, at least in unitary authorities, but budgets are under pressure.3 A recurrent theme in the TCPA's work has been the challenge of finding, generating and using appropriate evidence to make the case for spatial planning interventions that seek to improve health and wellbeing. The 2012 guidance, Reuniting Health with Planning,2 recommended that planners and public health specialists develop a In recent years a good deal of work has been undertaken to reconnect the planning and public health professions. The return of the public health workforce to local government in England and the higher profile given to health and wellbeing in the National Planning Policy Framework have both brought new momentum to this work. In March 2014, the Government published its National Planning Practice Guidance, which reiterated that 'Local planning authorities should ensure that health and wellbeing, and health infrastructure are considered in local and neighbourhood plans and in planning decision making'.1 planning for public health – building the local evidence base


The addition of titanium diboride to near gamma titanium aluminides has been effective in reducing the initial grain size formed on solidification from the melt. Despite this refinement, however, significant constitutional inhomogeneity may be found due to segregation of alloying elements and reinforcement phases during solidification. The dendritic solidification of several XD'T alloys was studied to assess the extent of this segregation. Quantitative elemental analysis of dendritic and interdendritic regions indicates that a substantial chemical gradient is developed in aluminum and ternary alloying elements. The extent of chemical and reinforcement segregation and its relationship to overall aluminum content in the alloys is discussed. In a study to determine thermomechanical processing steps required to eliminate the casting inhomogeneity, homogenization heat treatments and isothermal forging were performed and the effect on microstructure determined. Remnant dendritic cell structures were seen to persist despite high-temperature heat treatments and mechanical working.


On admission, her blood pressure was 80/60 mmHg., pulse rate lOO/min. and prompt resuscitation with intravenous fluids and emergency blood was instituted. The abdomen was soft and non-tender on palpation and the fundal height corresponded to 24 weeks period of gestation. On vaginal examination, large amounts of blood clots and fresh blood (approximately 2,000 mls.) was evacuated. An urgent ultra-sound done showed a single intra-uterine fetus which was already dead and the placenta covering rhe os.


Substance abuse amongst adolescence is a widespread health issue that witnesses a progressive increase over years. Substance abuse among this age group is associated with significant psychiatric morbidities that differ according to the substance used. Many literature studies were conducted to explore the psychiatric conditions and consequences associated with substance abuse. To date, cannabis was the most common substance studied and the most well-known illicit drug to be associated with various psychiatric co-morbidities. Other studied substances include alcohol, opiates, barbiturates, hallucinogens, and inhalants. The psychiatric effects of various substances depend on the state, the duration, and the dose of their use. This article will review and discuss the short-term and long-term effects of these substances on the mental health among adolescence.


On the 17th day of pregnancy, albino rats were injected intravenously with /sup 144/Ce-/sup 144/Pr (designated hereinafter as /sup 144/Ce wit h the / sup 144/Pr daughter assumed to be in equilibrium) chloride, citrate, nttrilotriacetate (NTA), or ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and sacrificed at intervals up to 4 days later. The radioactivity of fetuses, placentae, amniotic fluid, maternal blood and maternal femora was measured. Deposition of the four / sup 144/Ce compounds in the fetuses was small: the greatest deposition, 0.013% of the injected dose deposited in one fetus, was observed 4 days after injection of / sup 144/CeEDTA. The radioactivity of the fetuses generally increased with time after injection of /sup 144/CeCl/sub 3/ or /sup 144/CeEDTA. Deposition of /sup 144/Ce in the fetuses was greatest after injection of /sup 144/CeEDTA or /sup 144/ Ce-citrate and least after injection of /sup 144/CeC l/sub 3/ or /sup 144/CeNTA, but the differences were not always significant. Deposition of /sup 144/Ce in the placenta was greatest after injection of /sup 144/CeEDTA. Deposition of /sup 144/Ce in maternal bone was significantly greater after injection of /sup 144/Ce chelates than after injection of /sup 144/CeCl/sub 3/. (auth)


The work is dedicated to the value of the origin of man from a family, where one or both of the parents had alcohol addiction. That factor influence the formation of elevated victimhood of the individual. The incidence of autoaggressive-victimization patterns of adult children of alcoholics and a comparable control group is analyzed. The analysis of the data allowed us to conclude that both girls and boys from families with alcohol dependence are persons with elevated victimhood that expands our theoretical ideas about the mechanisms of formation the victimhood of the person.


Traffic jam has became an everlasting problem in our daily. Ironically, people awareness of safety is still neglected all the time. In addition, the controller itself is still very limited. Due to the fact, a well programmed traffic controller is highly needed. In this case, the simplest one is parking gate. The device which is active by using motion sensot will minimize the accident's probability. With the assist of Led and 7-segments, this device can be functioned both as a simple traffic controller and to ease people's duty. Nevertheless, dischiplne is the main key to avoid another accident happened


Distributed system development (DSD) is implemented by distributed development teams that are separated by long distances and different time-zones. Communication between distributed development teams in distributed software development applies a major and critical role in the success of process. Conflicts between distributed teams bring high risks to fail a development project due to poor communication. Therefore, it is important for distributed teams to communicate effectively to complete a successful project. In this paper, the authors propose an improved solution for effective communication among distributed development team by integrating administrative and technical procedures to successfully complete a project. Survey is used as a research design to validate the proposed solution. The results show that the respondents support the proposed solution that it will solve the industry problem by providing an effective means of communication in a DSD environment.