Background Clinical rating scales in clinical trials for Huntington's disease (HD) have shown limited sensitivity in the premanifest stage of HD and often suffer from inter- and intra-rater variability and bias. Thus, there is an unmet need for objective and reliable assessments to serve as outcome measures in clinical trials. The Q-Motor, a sensor-based assessment battery, was developed to provide accurate and precise quantification of motor performance. During the analysis of the TRACK-HD study, a couple of variables turned out to be particularly sensitive, but further approaches on testing alternative variables have not been conducted, yet. Objective To identify novel conceptual variables for the Q-Motor digitomotography (speeded tapping) assessment, that have the potential to be more sensitive and robust particularly in the premanifest stage. The applicability of these variables should be investigated for cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, using the TRACK-HD data. Methods Q-Motor raw-data from the TRACK-HD study was used to extract the novel variables. The data sample included 4 year follow up data from 288 participants (age: 48 ± 10 years, female: 124, number of unaffected controls: 94). Statistical analyses were conducted using R. Generalized linear mixed models and ANOVA was used for group comparisons cross-sectional and longitudinally. Correlation with clinical rating scales and imaging parameters was performed. Results Most novel identified variables allow discrimination between controls pre-HD and manifest HD groups. Some even show significance in the more subtle distinction between pre-HD subgroups. Most variables also show good correlations with the clinical Total Motor Score (TMS) and with several magnet resonance (MR) imaging variables. Conclusion The sensitivity observed in the novel variables is comparable to that of previously used variables. However, the additional information may be useful for the creation of a combined measure, which will be explored in a next step.


A tire broken even in the case where the signal receiving antenna disposed in the vicinity of the tire, is less likely to occur by the signal receiving antenna communication system. The tire communication system, the receiver is equipped with a signal from the electronic device includes a tire mounted on a wheel and the received data signal receiver connected to the antenna for receiving a signal in a communication system for a vehicle tire, wherein the configuration with an insulator covering the signal receiving antenna from a flexible material embedded antenna, and the antenna embedded within the receiving range data provided in the body.


It is fifty years since D-Day, the invasion of Western Europe on June 6, 1944. Two days before that famous date, in the South, the Allies had taken Rome; two weeks later, the great Soviet offensive tore open Germany's Eastern Front. Those coordinated attacks would squeeze the life out of Hitler's empire. But for a moment, it looked as if the war might end much more quickly. On July 20, 1944, a bomb exploded in Hitler's headquarters, a few feet from the dictator himself, and a broadly based opposition attempted, primarily in Berlin and Paris, to take power away from the Nazis and reestablish decency inside and peace outside Germany. But the explosion did not kill Hitler, and the attempted coup was quickly and successfully throttled. The war ground on. What had happened? Opposition to the government of a totalitarian police state is no easy matter. If you make your disapproval of the government's policies known, you do not appear on the eleven o'clock news, you disappear forever. And you disappear quietly. Only a few friends and relatives learn that you are not around anymore; the controlled mass media make no reference to the event, unless the government itself decides to use the matter in a context of its own choosing – with no provision of equal time for the inmate of camp or tomb. The same media will have broadcast an almost impenetrable fog of propaganda in the first place, making everyone incredulous of any who have seen some light and who try to persuade others that they are indeed in a fog.


• In contrast to the prior voluntary system, since 2001, gene technology in Australia has been regulated under a legislated national Gene Technology Regulatory Scheme which is administered by the Gene Technology Regulator. • The Scheme provides science-based assessment of the potential risks of gene technology to the health and safety of people and the environment. • It complements the role of the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration which regulates all therapeutic products in Australia to ensure they are safe and effective. • Recent reforms to the Scheme contribute to, and anticipate, the continued safe development and delivery of gene-based human therapeutics in Australia as a successful model for other jurisdictions.


To the Editor.— The rationale for the use of the computed tomography (CT) scan for the evaluation of headaches in patients with normal neurological examination findings has been questioned by some authors (1980; 243:359). 1 We certainly are not advocating the widespread use of CT for these patients; rather, we believe that certain clues can help the examining physician to decide which patients to give priority for scans. In our experience there are certain types of lesions in the brain that produce headache as a prominent feature, but in which it is not unusual to find no focal neurological deficits, even in an advanced stage of disease. Most of these lesions are closely related to the ventricular system and may or may not produce an obstructive hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus from any cause is commonly associated with headaches—with the possible exception of the so-called normal pressure hydrocephalus. It is possible for headaches


The monorail beam (Z206-25) of Chongqing straddle monorail transit system was selected as the research object. The spatial coupling vibration model of vehicle-bridge system was established and corresponding procedure was compiled. The effect of travelling, steering and stabilizing wheel pressure respectively and typical combined wheel pressure on the system vibration was studied. The results show that the change of wheel pressure has great effect on the response of the system. The vertical response value increases with travelling wheel pressure increasing. The lateral response value increases with steering wheel pressure increasing, while the effect of stabilizing wheel pressure on the response is irregular. The effect of steering wheel pressure is greater than that of stabilizing wheel pressure on lateral responses. The effect of all of travelling and steering wheel pressure is greater than that of unilateral wheel pressure on the response. The effect tendency of stabilizing wheel pressure on the response is opposite to that of unilateral wheel pressure.


In most reactions of organic chemistry,asymmetry olefin with acid addition succeed in the direction of Markovnikov,while some reactions do in the opposite direction such as post oxide,boron hydride oxidize and some olefin derivatives.These are summarized in this paper.


This report presents the results of calculation of electron-optical system consisting of a sheet CNT field emission cathode with a microgrid spaced from the surface of the emitter at 100 microns. On the basis of experimental data, it has been designed electron-optical system with a sheet CNT cathode with linear convergence of 6,25, and with the beam current density of 4,46 A/cm2. The thickness of the beam in the interaction space is 0,16 mm. In this case, the simulation of the sheet electron beam, generated by electron gun has shown feasibility of obtaining of low-perveance flow with a small deformation in beam tunnel 0,3×0,8 at 25 mm slow-wave system length.


The possible influence of accelerated winds on air-water momentum fluxes is being studied through detailed
laboratory measurements in a large wind-wave flume. Wind stress over the water surface, waves and surface
drift are measured in the 40m long wind-wave tank at IRPHE, Marseille. While momentum fluxes are estimated
directly through the eddy correlation method in a station about the middle of the tank, they provide information
corresponding to rather short non-dimensional fetch not previously reported. Wave evolution along the tank is
determined through a series of wave gauges, and the wind-induced surface drift is obtained at one of the first
measuring stations at the beginning of the tank. At each experimental run very low wind was on (about 1m/s) for
a certain period and suddenly it was constantly accelerated to reach about 13 m/s (as well as 8 and 5 m/s during
different runs) in about 15 sec to as long as 600 sec. The wind was kept constant at that high speed for 2 to 10 min,
and then suddenly and constantly decelerate to 0. Data from the constant high winds provided us with reference
equilibrium conditions for at least 3 different wind speed. We, nevertheless, focus in the recordings while wind
was being constantly accelerated expecting some contribution to the understanding of gustiness, the implied wind
wave growth and the onset of surface drift. Wind-wave growth is observed to lag behind the wind stress signal,
and furthermore, a two regime wind stress is noticed, apparently well correlated with a) the incipient growth
and appearance of the first waves and b) the arrival of waves from the up-wind section of the tank. Results of
non-dimensional wave energy as a function of non-dimensional fetch represent an extension of at least 2 decades
shorter non-dimensional fetch to the wave growth curves typically found in the literature. The linear tendency of
wave growth compares very well only when wind is reaching its maximum, while during the accelerated wind
period a lower non-dimensional wave energy is found. Details on the onset of wind-induced surface drift at the
beginning of the tank will be addressed within the context of accelerated wind conditions. This work represents
a RugDiSMar Project (CONACYT 155793) contribution. The support from ANUIES-ECOS M09-U01 project,
CONACYT-187112 Estancia Sabatica, and Institute Carnot, is greatly acknowledged.


Introduction: The present study attempts to analyze the relationship between the early maladaptive schems and test anxiety among the sophomore high school students in the city of Gorgan. Method: This descriptive research has a correlational method. The population (n= 9955) includes all second grade high school student in the city of Gorgan within the school year 2015-2016. The multistage cluster sampling was used to select 369 samples. The required data were gathered using the maladaptive schems questioners and the test anxiety questionnaire. Multivariable regression Pearson correlation method was also used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the current study showed that there is a significant, yet reverse relationship between early maladaptive schems with test anxiety. It was also found maladaptive schems is significant predictors for test anxiety. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this research Education can implement comprehensive programs to train students to correct early maladaptive schems and reduce test anxiety among students. And thereby increase the efficiency of student activities in education and other areas of their lives.


The temperature dependence (T 80 360 K) analysis of the electrophysical properties of Cd1 – xZnxTe, Cd1 – yMnyTe and Cd1 – x – yZnxMnyTe (x, y 0.1) crystals grown by the vertical Bridgman method is carried out. It is established that in Cd1 – xZnxTe crystals, the conductivity is controlled by both the acceptors A1 ( 0 A 0.03 0.05 eV) and the acceptors A2 ( 0 A 0.12 eV), whose ionization energy does not depend on the composition, and in Cd1 – yMnyTe and Cd1 – x – yZnxMnyTe crystals – only by the acceptors A2; in this case, the dependence A2(y) is described by the equation A2 0.12 (1 + 5.5y) eV.


We propose and simulate a novel all-optical modulation format converter to produce continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) at 40 Gb/s. The conversion is performed by an asymmetric semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The converted CPFSK format is detected using an optical frequency discriminator demodulator. We show that as a result of the chirp imposed on the converted CPFSK format during the conversion, it offers more tolerance against positive and negative residual dispersion relative to the directly generated CPFSK. By considering a 2-dB power penalty, more than twice the positive dispersion tolerance of the directly generated CPFSK can be attained.


This study aims to evaluate the effects of physical training on the management of Alzheimer's disease in Tunisian male older adult patients. 21 patients were separate into two groups one of which followed a physical training program for six months and the other served as a control. Our results showed that exercise training significantly manages the cognitive function in patients such as the ADAS total, the ADAS memory and the MMSE. We conclude that physical training could be an interesting approach to the control of Alzeimer's disease in Tunisian male older adult patients.


At the heart of Pierre Bourdieu's sociological studies is an integrated theoretical framework of relevance to sociologists of food and nutrition. One of Bourdieu's primary concerns is to overcome dichotomies in social theory, such as micro/macro, material/symbolic, empirical/theoretical, objective/subjective, public/private, structure/agency. His other sociological concerns are to understand the practical logic of everyday life, to understand relations of power, and to develop a reflexive sociology. The primary objective of this paper is to introduce Bourdieu's key theoretical concepts habitus, practice, field, and different forms of capital, such as cultural, economic, social, and symbolic. While gender, class, ethnicity, culture, education, and the historical time period all shape an individual's habitus, practice_what one does in everyday life_is dynamic and fluid, like a jazz musician's improvisation on a theme. Practice is the result of the relationship between an individual's habitus, different form...


In a two-chamber system designed for physical adsorption studies, a titanium film was deposited and exposed to nitrogen. Oxygen was then admitted into the system. However, the presence of oxygen could not be detected by the mass spectrometer during the first 300 seconds of oxygen admission. On the basis of the data it is assumed that the capture probability of the nitrogen-saturated titanium film for oxygen is very nearly 1. Based on this assumption, the titanium film adsorbed approximately 3 monolayers of oxygen.


Good News about Sex and Marriage: "Unwanted babies are the result of people having sex without being open to children. Pregnancy comes to be seen as a disease – contraception being the preventive medicine, and abortion being the cure. Trying to solve the abortion problem with contraception is like trying to put out a fire by dousing it with gasoline! Only by restoring the full truth about the goodness, the beauty, and the demands of sexual love can we prevent "unwanted babies..."


Parathyroid cysts are uncommon lesions that do not have a specific sonographic appearance. We report a rare case of a functionally active cystic parathyroid adenoma as a cause of primary hyperparathyroidism and discuss the difficulties associated with the diagnosis. In this case, the association with a multinodular goiter made preoperative differentiation from thyroid cysts difficult. Demonstration of a high intact parathyroid hormone level in the aspirated cyst fluid was critical for the correct diagnosis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008


Even some of the first efforts at dental implants can be traced back to the antiquity period, the main developments in implant dentistry happened after 1700s and 1800s. Dentists and physicians started experimenting with gold and other metallic materials to provide support for false teeth. These early efforts were not successful, as the body tended to reject these first implants [1]. Taking into account that the binary Ti-Zr system exhibits complete solid solution, the aim of this research is to provide a correlation between the microstructure, microhardness and electrochemical properties of Ti-20Zr in artificial extracellular conditions for dental implants and the efforts were directed to finding an adequate range for the stability of this alloy and to evaluate the performance of the passive layers grown on it.


To audit global clients, auditing has been transformed into a global profession. This has been driven by client demand for provision of co-ordinated services wherever they may be required. At the same time, additional regulation in the form of international auditing standards, requirements to report on the governance of audit firms and extraterritorial laws requiring audit firm inspections have been implemented demonstrating the interconnectedness of global, regional and national influences on the audit profession. The structure of the global audit market has changed significantly as a result of mergers and by collapse, with a reduction in the number of largest firms serving global clients from the Big 8 in the late 1980s to the Big 4 by the early 21st century. These large audit firms are structured as networks as this enables these national partnerships to expand under a common brand name to deliver services across the globe whilst preserving legal separation for national offices in the presence of significant litigation risk for audit professionals. Key concerns of regulators include audit quality across countries (especially in countries where the quality of legal institutions is weak), across audit firm networks as well as auditing of multinationals and cross-border transactions. There are many opportunities for research examining these issues using varying units of analysis, and employing a variety of methodological approaches.


A 1-dimensional finite CW-complex is called a graph. The set of all (piecewise linear) embeddings Γ : G —> R of G is denoted by S(G). In this paper, we will study spatial-graph isotopy and cobordism, equivalence relations on S(G) introduced by Taniyama [6], and obtain interaction between them. The subset of S(G) consisting of all elements isotopic to (resp. cobordant to) Γ G S(G) is denoted by [Γ]isotopy (resp. by [Γ]cobor), and called the isotopy class (resp. the cobordism class) of Γ. Here, we note that any isotopy between two embeddings Γ, Γ' G S(G) is realized by a finite sequence of blowing-downs \ and ups /. In Soma [5] and Inaba-Soma [2], we saw that it is useful for the study of spatial-graph isotopy to rearrange the order of blowing-ups and downs, and presented a rearrangement theorem valid for trivalent graphs, [5, Theorem 2], and that for connected graphs without cut vertices, [2, Theorem 3]. The following shows that such a rearrangement theorem holds for any graphs.


ABSTRACT Regression analysis aims to estimate the approximate relationship between the response variable and the explanatory variables. This can be done using classical methods such as ordinary least squares. Unfortunately, these methods are very sensitive to anomalous points, often called outliers, in the data set. The main contribution of this article is to propose a new version of the Generalized M-estimator that provides good resistance against vertical outliers and bad leverage points. The advantage of this method over the existing methods is that it does not minimize the weight of the good leverage points, and this increases the efficiency of this estimator. To achieve this goal, the fixed parameters support vector regression technique is used to identify and minimize the weight of outliers and bad leverage points. The effectiveness of the proposed estimator is investigated using real and simulated data sets.


Our preliminary research focuses on the development of an Ambient Mobile Browsing Experience (AMBE) system. AMBE is a communication and synchronisation framework that will provide integrated connectivity across heterogeneous geographically distributed devices. The intention is to provide persistent location-independent and appliance-sensitive viewing for the user, thus enabling Internet mobility. Human technology interfacecommunication will be abstracted to a representation that facilitates optimisation and customisation across a number of different displays. This will help to ensure seamlesscontinuity between components providing usability and maximum user convenience. An emphasis of our work is the application of a human-centered design ethos.


Empirical results indicating similar turbulent transfer for cloud droplets and for water vapour or sensible heat have been used in order to derive a set of prognostic equations for the total moisture content and for the equivalent potential temperature. With given external conditions, especially imposed vertical velocity the equations can be used for forecasting the formation and development of layer clouds. An example of practical application is discussed. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00155.x


Objective To evaluate the effects of chemotherapy and Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells and dendritic cells(DC) therapy the advanced of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods 78 patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized into study group (chemotherapy+CIK cells+DCs,n=38) and control group (chemotherapy alone,n=40).Patients in both groups received the NP chemotherapy,and patients in the study group also received CIK and DCs sequentially to chemotherapy.Results The response rate was 65.7% in the study group,which was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05,χ2=4.22).The time to tumor progress (TTP) and median survival time (MST) in the study group were 5.3 months and 11.9 months,respectively,which were not significantly different to that in the control group (4.6 and 10.6 months,P=0.12,P=0.15).Quality of life and immunological function were significantly better in the study group than that in the control group.Toxicities were not significantly different in both groups.Conclusion Chemotherapy combined with sequential CIK cells and DCs might improve the treatment effects for patients with advanced NSCLC.


Based on a 1983 field study, attention was directed to: the similarity of competing institutions; the extent to which enrollment competition is structured by characteristics such as institutional type, control, selectivity, geographic region, and program emphasis; and how well institutional perceptions of competitors match prospective student's interests in colleges. (ERIC ED 259 620, 36 pp, MF $.97, PC $5.34).


In this paper, we generalize the arithmetic functions $\tau$ and $\tau^{\left(e\right)}$ in algebraic number fields and we find some properties of these functions.


Based on the characteristics of the indicator systems of the sustainable development the exponential formulae of the classified indicators according to the sustainability, coordination, structure and cluster and the comprehensive exponential formulae are proposed. The evaluation model of the comprehensive index of the sustainable development is obtained by optimizing the model parameters using the genetic algorithm. The evaluation results of the sustainable development applied to the city Wulumuqi by this method correspond with the reality. The evaluation model is simple and practical.


An extension of the methods of Wells (Acta Cryst. (1960). 13, 722) is described for calculating the direction cosines of incident and emergent rays for general camera geometry and for any standard setting of the crystal.


396 Human Vaccines 2008; Vol. 4 Issue 56 focused on characterizing the human mucosal immune system and the development of mucosal immunization strategies for bacterial respiratory infections. My own childhood was one of amazing freedom. I was born into a farming family. My mother's family had been pioneers in Australia's Northern Territory but their property was lost in the Great Depression. Her father worked as a farm laborer and she had to move away from home to train as a nurse. She graduated as dux of her class. My father's family had small land holdings in northern New South Wales and he often supplemented the family's farm income by droving sheep. I have fond memories of "helping" him in the woolshed at shearing time and watching him adjust red hot iron shoes so that they fitted each of the horse's hooves. Later in his life he became quite a successful small businessman operating a convenience store on the outskirts of town and a Murray Grey cattle stud. Growing up in rural New South Wales, my early education was provided by Blackfriars Correspondence School and supervised by my mother. We moved off the farm when I was about nine years of age and I had a few short years in the small, three-teacher, Westdale Primary School, before more change. For a boy from the bush who had enjoyed such a free and unstructured early childhood, the transition to a secondary boarding school was something of a challenge. From an academic perspective however, the supervised learning at Farrer Memorial Agricultural High School was probably the best thing for me. When I arrived at the School I was not a very confident child which no doubt reflected my relatively isolated early years. However, through the efforts of some very dedicated teachers my confidence and self esteem grew. I loved being out in the bush so the weekend geology excursions were a highlight during those years. It was the beginning of my enjoyment of science and the process of enquiry. There have been a couple of turning points in my life when I considered becoming either a veterinary surgeon or a medical doctor but as a teenager who had only visited Sydney two or three times, the idea of moving to such a large city to study was just too daunting. With the support of my parents and an Australian Commonwealth Scholarship, I chose to study at the University of New England (UNE) in Armidale some 80 miles from my home. During my undergraduate and postgraduate studies I worked odd farm jobs, including mustering cattle on the southern highlands of New South Wales in the summer vacations. I was the first member of my extended family to complete high school let alone undertake University studies. What to study was an interesting dilemma. I finally settled on a science degree with a major in physiology and The loss of millions of children each year to vaccine preventable diseases is a statistic which haunts me. Best estimates are that 2.5 million children under the age of five die each year from pneumonia. When I have the opportunity to present our research at both national and international conferences and when lecturing to students I show an image of a Boeing 747 aircraft and ask ".....is it acceptable to you that an aircraft such as this leaves your local airport, fully laden with small children less than five years of age approximately every hour and never returns? This is equivalent to the global impact of vaccine preventable pneumonia." The morbidity figures for respiratory infections are even more staggering. About 150 million new cases of pneumonia in young children occur every year in developing countries. Middle ear infections are the most common childhood illness with tens of millions of children affected by this disease and many suffering hearing loss as a result. While otitis media affects virtually every child on the planet, those most at risk are the children of developing countries and those within Indigenous nations of advanced western countries such as Australia. Many of these children will never reach their full potential due to the serious sequalae of otitis media. The sad reality of this situation is that we have the vaccines available and the know-how to rapidly develop new vaccines to significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity of childhood respiratory infections. My first exposure to the overwhelming burden of childhood respiratory infections came on a trip to the highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG) in the late 1970s. I was visiting the PNG Institute of Medical Research, then directed by Dr. Michael Alpers, to participate in a malaria serology study and to design a study of mucosal immune competence in children whose upper airways are endemically colonized with very high bacterial loads within weeks of birth. I was galvanized by a ward round at Goroka Base Hospital where there were a number of children with severe pneumonia and little hope of survival despite the excellent care that the hospital provided. Many of these children presented to hospital too late for effective intervention. As part of the research, I also visited highland villages where the extent of respiratory disease in the adult population was clearly evident. When I returned to Australia my research became


The Bible is a non-western text subject to a variety of interpretations and applications - construc- tive and destructive. The academic study of the Bible, therefore, requires critical thinking skills and the ability to engage with diversity. The reality is that most first- year college students have not yet developed these skills. Rather than bemoan students' lack of development, the essay explores ways of teaching and applying critical thinking within the context of an introductory Religion course. The essay claims that first-year college students can better learn the content of the discipline and func- tion in a pluralistic world if the teaching of critical thinking skills is a part of the pedagogy.


The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for a helpful report, as well as Daniela Calzetti, Nick Z. Scoville and Mari Polletta for making the HST/F190N mosaic available to us. We also appreciate valuable comments from Francoise Combes and Sebastian Haan. We acknowledge financial support to the DAGAL network from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007- 2013/ under REA grant agreement number PITN-GA-2011-289313. M.Q. acknowledges the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg (IMPRS-HD). S.G.B. thanks support from Spanish grant AYA2012-32295. J.P. acknowledges support from the CNRS programme "Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire" (PCMI). M.Q., S.E.M., D.C. and A.H. acknowledge funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via grants SCHI 536/7-2,SCHI 536/5-1, and SCHI 536/7-1 as part of the priority program SPP 1573 "ISM-SPP: Physics of the Interstellar Medium".


To answer major questions on supermassive black hole (SMBH) and galaxy evolution, a complete census of SMBH growth, i.e. active galactic nuclei (AGN), is required. Thanks to all-sky surveys by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) missions, this task is now feasible in the nearby Universe. We present a new survey, the Local AGN Survey (LASr), with the goal of identifying AGN unbiased against obscuration and determining the intrinsic Compton-thick (CT) fraction. We construct the most complete all-sky galaxy sample within 100 Mpc ($90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ completeness for log (M*/M⊙) ∼ 9.4), four times deeper than the current reference, the Two Micron All-Sky Survey Redshift Survey (2MRS), which misses ${\sim}20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of known luminous AGN. These 49k galaxies serve as parent sample for LASr, called LASr-GPS. It contains 4.3k already known AGN, $\ge 82{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of these are estimated to have $L^\mathrm{nuc}(12\, \mu \mathrm{m})\lt 10^{42.3}$ erg s−1, i.e. are low-luminosity AGN. As a first method for identifying Seyfert-like AGN, we use WISE-based infrared colours, finding 221 galaxies at $L^\mathrm{nuc}(12\, \mu \mathrm{m})\ge 10^{42.3}$ erg s−1 to host an AGN at $90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ reliability. This includes 61 new AGN candidates and implies an optical type 2 fraction of 50–71 per cent. We quantify the efficiency of this technique and estimate the total number of AGN with $L^\mathrm{int}(\rm {2-10\,keV})\ge 10^{42}$ erg s−1 in the volume to be $362^{+145}_{-116}$ ($8.6^{+3.5}_{-2.8}\, \times$ 10−5 Mpc−3). X-ray brightness estimates indicate the CT fraction to be 40–55 per cent to explain the Swift non-detections of the infrared selected objects. One third of the AGN within 100 Mpc remain to be identified, and we discuss the prospects for the eROSITA all-sky survey to detect them.


In order to understand the spatiotemporal variation of water quality, an investigation on variation characteristics of water quality was conducted at 13 stations in Yongil bay from 1990 to 1998. The salinity in summer was relatively lower than that in other seasons and it have increased from inner bay to outside of the bay gradually. However, nitrate concentration in summer was relatively higher than that in other seasons, and it was the highest, up to , among dissolved inorganic nitrogens, Nitrate concentration indicates the possibility of affecting by freshwater discharges to Yongil bay. Correlation analysis showed that salinity had a significantly good correlation with nitrate. This result suggested that inflow of river had an influence on increase of nitrate. The result of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that nitrate was major factor to influence the water quality in Yongil Bay.


To facilitate the interpretation of results from thermo-. dynamic experiments on biopolymers it is important to have available data for model systems. A survey is given of different types of instruments used in such model studies: solution calorimeters, including instruments suitable for slightly soluble compounds, calorimeters for mixing or dilution processes, heat capacity calorimeters and vaporization calorimeters.


The effect of heat stress on dimension accuracy after heat treatment and the effect of machining stress on magnetism are theoretically analyzed and investigated,and a method of improving magnetism property and dimension accuracy after heat treatment is developed.Firstly,the machining is half-finished and some allowance in one machining side is left,then magnetism heat treatment is conducted,the machining is completed after magnetism satisfaction and leave some tolerance allowance,magnetism heat-treat is resumed,the finally dimension is measured after magnetism satisfaction.The soft magnetic alloy material eligible rate can be markedly improved by use of this method.


This project aims to provide a proposal for improvement in the procedures of Hostel Zentrum, located in Quito, in the Mariscal area. The proposal seeks to develop operational procedures relating to quality within the areas of reception and accommodation of the hostel, where, some shortcomings when providing services found. The first chapter refers to authors and precursors of quality processes as Deming, Juran and Crosby. The stages of evolution in quality services, the importance of international standards and quality in the hotel industry are also mentioned. The second chapter current characteristics of the establishment, the analysis of the organizational structure, vision, mission and internal policies of the hostel are specified. The third chapter the characterization of the customer which is staying in the hostel is specified, the analysis of its main features and results of the surveys to the guests. The fourth chapter service processes currently handled by the establishment are listed; this is where operational problems are identified. Through SWOT analysis and audit, intervention strategies are defined to improve the quality of the establishment. The fifth chapter the proposed improvements, the budget implementation and the delegation of responsibilities for management system implemented quality develop.


This chapter brings into relief a culturally consonant character education approach that seeks to enhance positive outcomes (e.g. academic self-efficacy, school belonging, and civic engagement) and intercultural communication among youth of color. It highlights key epistemological weaknesses in character education research and offers up an overview of a culturally sensitive research framework to gauge culturally consonant character development programs. We argue that cultural and linguistic differences are an integral part of character development, and that educators who incorporate a culturally consonant character approach further enhance the social fabric of their class communities, strengthen communication between diverse students, and enhance civic engagement, trustworthiness, and reciprocal social relations. We also call into question key epistemological weaknesses common in traditional character education research.


The past fifty years have seen an explosion of new historical perspectives on science, with research shifting toward topics such as science's social context; its discursive, material and institutional circumstances; its ties to non-scientific activities such as literature, entertainment and spectacle; and its complex, sometimes dark links to power. Thanks to these developments, the sciences of the eighteenth century have come into sharper focus and attracted a broader, more interdisciplinary group of scholars. Their work is opening up new perspectives on the meanings of 'modernity' and 'enlightenment," the fashioning of scientific' personae, science and print culture, the cultural ramifications of the Scientific Revolution, and the role of affects in eighteenth-century scientific inquiry.


Several 1-m-long, 40-mm-aperture model SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) dipole magnets with vertically split yokes have been built and tested at Fermilab. In addition to the yoke design, the magnets were used to evaluate several variants of the collet clamps which apply prestress to the magnet ends. The magnets were instrumented with voltage taps for quench localization and strain-gauge-based devices for measuring stresses, forces, and deflections resulting from cooldown and excitation. Tests were carried out in a vertical dewar at temperatures from 3.8 K to 4.4 K. The quench and mechanical behavior of these magnets is presented and magnetic field measurements are shown. A comparison with an earlier series of magnets with horizontally split yokes is made.<<ETX>>


Under the Chinese strategy of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", Enterprises' Environmental Information Disclosure (EEID), as one of the important ways for enterprises to achieve low-carbon development, has gained increased attention from the government, media, investors, and other stakeholders. the EEID is not only an important tool for companies to communicate environmental performance to the outside world, but also an effective way for the government to monitor corporate pollution behavior. Its importance is self-evident. However, relevant research shows that 70% of Chinese listed companies had not implemented the EEID in 2020. Also, there are common problems in the disclosure content and the polarization of the disclosure level among the companies that do disclose. These problems weaken the objectivity and practicability of the EEID and have a negative impact on the government's environmental supervision, the environmental protection demands of the public, and investors' decision making. This paper takes listed companies in China's A-share heavily polluting industries as the research sample to solve the optimization problem of the EEID. By adopting a fixed effects model (FEM), this paper empirically studies the impact of three public pressures on the EEID: government environmental regulation, media attention, and institutional investment preference. Based on China's unique socialist market economic system, this paper innovatively uses environmental policy uncertainty as a moderator variable. This paper examines the limitations of theoretical research on public pressure and environmental information disclosure by studying the impact of local environmental leadership change on the relationship between public pressure and the EEID. The conclusions of this paper reveal the driving mechanism of how stakeholders such as government, media, and institutional investors influence the EEID. At the same time, it expands the application of public pressure theory in environmental information disclosure research by introducing the perspective of environmental policy uncertainty.


Contents Acknowledgments Introduction: Why Study Jokes and Targets? 1. Mind over Matter: A General Theory of Jokes about the Stupid and the Canny 2. Blondes, Sex, and the French 3. Jewish Women and Jewish Men 4. Sex between Men: Places, Occupations, and Classes 5. The Great American Lawyer Joke Cycle 6. The Rise of the Soviet Joke and the Fall of the Soviet Union Conclusion References Index


PreviewCorrectly used, laboratory tests can be very helpful in establishing diagnosis and directing treatment. However, as the authors describe, they can also be overused, such as when thorough history taking would suffice, and results can be misinterpreted, such as when the investigator does not consider the effects of prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity. This article reviews the use of laboratory tests with emphasis on making the best choice for economy and efficiency.


Li Ling's event is a turning point of Si Ma-qian, the famous historian of Xihan Dynasty. Different factors contribut to the event. After Si M a-qian grows up, the experiences in his childhood are continously stirring him as a psychological motivation.


Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded from a persons scalp have been used to control binary cursor movements. Multiple choice paradigms will require more sophisticated protocols involving multiple mental tasks and signal representations that capture discriminatory characteristics of the EEG signals. In this study, six-channel EEG is recorded from a subject performing two mental tasks. The signals are transformed via the Karhunen-Loéve or maximum noise fraction transformations and classified by quadratic discriminant analysis. In addition, classification accuracy is tested for all subsets of the six EEG channels. Best results are approximately 90% correct when training and testing data are recorded on the same day and 75% correct when training and testing data are recorded on different days.


Obesity is a well-known risk factor for central precocious puberty (CPP). Recently, elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were reported in obese youth. However, few data regarding the relationship between CPP and TSH are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid function in CPP girls and the relationship between CPP and serum TSH concentration. Young Jun Rhie, Hyo-Kyoung Nam, Kee-Hyoung Lee Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea


The results of laser action in Cr, Tm, Ho doped YSAG and YAG are presented in this paper. Output characteristics of these holmium lasers acting in different conditions (a few laser cavities, resonator optics, pumping pulse energy, and pulse duration) are shown. One interesting result has been obtained -- optimal pump pulse duration strongly depends on the kind of laser medium host (for YAG it is equal to 500 - 600 microsecond(s) ).


Abstract An alkyllead‐tolerant yeast effected limited but significant degradation of trimethyllead. Accommodation to growth‐inhibitory concentrations of Me,Pb or continuous culture in alkyllead‐free medium supplemented with triethylpnosphate resulted in loss of trimethyllead‐degrading ability, although with batch cells supplied with alkylphosphate as the sole phosphorus source this was enhanced.


The results of research prove that the satisfactory relationships that are the source of social support, are the essential condition pf psychological well-being. Moreover such relations are proven to be the buffer that protects from negative psychological and physiological outcomes of stress. Relationships that provide social support are the most important for people facing stressful life events, like for example being diagnosed with cancer. There are many researches on the sources of support and kinds of social support expected by women suffering from cancer. But there are still very few researches on the psychological well-being of ones, who provide such support. This article is aiming for presentation of the results of research on psychological state of female cancer patients' spouses, coping strategies used by them and its


It is shown that the tridiagonalization of the hypergeometric operator $L$ yields the generic Heun operator $M$. The algebra generated by the operators $L,M$ and $Z=[L,M]$ is quadratic and a one-parameter generalization of the Racah algebra. The new Racah-Heun orthogonal polynomials are introduced as overlap coefficients between the eigenfunctions of the operators $L$ and $M$. An interpretation in terms of the Racah problem for $su(1,1)$ algebras and separation of variables in a superintegrable system are discussed.


: Centrifugal pumps are used in a wide range of field and industrial applications and as significant rotating equipment, incurred high real life costs. The earlier researches illustrate that the main cost is borne by the seals and bearings as critical components of the pump. Most of the pump maintenance work is initiated by the failure of a mechanical seal or bearing as well. Reliability allocation is developed for the early design stage of a system to apportion the system reliability requirement to its individual subsystems. This article examines possible approaches to allocate the reliability values to the components of the mechanical seals and bearings such that the total cost is minimized. The cost of increasing reliability of these components is considered as an exponential function that contains four parameters of component reliability, feasibility factor, maximum achievable reliability and minimum reliability, which is estimated by Monte Carlo simulation. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization is applied to the reliability allocation topic for a typical mechanical seal and bearing components. Optimization process yield optimum values of the components reliabilities, while considering the cost function as an objective in the GA method.


Accurate estimation of area-averaged volumetric fractions is required when we evaluate two-phase flow characteristics such as pressure drop and heat transfer. A two-phase flow model based on a local relative velocity is proposed in this study. The effects of distribution of local phase velocities and local volumetric fractions on the area-averaged volumetric fractions are also taken into account in this model by introducing new distribution parameters. In order to examine the applicability of this model to the estimation of the area-averaged volumetric fractions, measured area-averaged volumetric fractions of solid-liquid flow and gas-liquid bubbly flow in vertical pipes were correlated based on the basic equation of this model. The area-averaged volumetric fractions calculated by the correlation agreed well with the experimental data. Therefore, it was confirmed that this model is a useful two-phase flow model.


Using 3 years of the Journal Citation Reports (2011, 2012, and 2013), indicators of transitions in 2012 (between 2011 and 2013) were studied using methodologies based on entropy statistics. Changes can be indicated at the level of journals using the margin totals of entropy production along the row or column vectors, but also at the level of links among journals by importing the transition matrices into network analysis and visualization programs (and using community‐finding algorithms). Seventy‐four journals were flagged in terms of discontinuous changes in their citations, but 3,114 journals were involved in "hot" links. Most of these links are embedded in a main component; 78 clusters (containing 172 journals) were flagged as potential "hot spots" emerging at the network level. An additional finding was that PLoS ONE introduced a new communication dynamic into the database. The limitations of the methodology were elaborated using an example. The results of the study indicate where developments in the citation dynamics can be considered as significantly unexpected. This can be used as heuristic information, but what a "hot spot" in terms of the entropy statistics of aggregated citation relations means substantively can be expected to vary from case to case.


Thank you for reading cardinal newman for today. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this cardinal newman for today, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. cardinal newman for today is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the cardinal newman for today is universally compatible with any devices to read.


In order to ensure the safety and reliability of civil aircraft structures, the present paper focus on determination of detectable fatigue crack length by improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for civil aircraft structures. By rating the impact of various factors, fatigue damage such as detectable cracks are considered to establish a rating system, and apply improved AHP for overall ratings each index draw total level. On this basis, according to the regression equation of total level and basically detectable crack length derived the size of basically detectable crack. In the example of this paper, the basically detectable crack length derived by the improved method compared to the length derived by unimproved method shortened 2mm. The result indicated that the improved method can avoid overly conservative due to maintenance intervals developed and save maintenance costs. This research provides a theoretical basis for airlines to develop an economic and reasonable structural fatigue damage inspection interval according to the actual situation of the aircraft. Keywords—Aircraft Structure; fatigue damage; basically detectable crack; analytic hierarchy process; inspection interval


1. Young Legal Aid Lawyers (YLAL) was formed in 2005 and has almost 2,000 members. We are a group of lawyers committed to practising in those areas of law, both criminal and civil, which have traditionally been publicly funded. YLAL's members include students, paralegals, trainee solicitors, pupil barristers and qualified junior lawyers based throughout England and Wales. We believe that the provision of good quality publicly funded legal help is essential to protecting the interests of the vulnerable in society and upholding the rule of law.


A tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-mediated, amperometric biosensor was developed for the specific determination of L-lactate. L-lactate oxidase was immobilized by adsorption and retained on the surface of a carbon-paste electrode using an electro-polymerized film of 1,3-phenylenediamineresorcinol. The response of the biosensor was maximum at pH 7.0 and 30 o C. Response was linear up to 0.6 mM lactate and had a minimum detection limit of 56 μM. Response time was less than 90 sec. When stored at 4 o C response was stable for >36 days and subsequently decreased. The sensor was unresponsive after 96 days. This enzyme-based biosensor was suitable for determining lactate concentrations in milk and yogurt


Tapping notation that was revised by Lukman in 1983 is revised again. Raingruarding and gaseous stimulation have been incorporated as new items. For tapping period of less than a year, it is shonrn exactly from starting month to ending month. Number of tappings realized against the possible maximum number of tapping days is shornm as a fraction. Similarly actual number of stimulations given against the scheduled number is also shoum as a fraction. Changes have been brought about in the expressions for cut lengrth and frequency of tapping. Use of arrows for expressing directions of tapping cuts and for change of tapping have been changed to more convenient ones. The terminologry, 'exploitation technology' is changed to 'latex harvest technologry'. (Resume d'auteur)


Pastoral care in hospitals has developed considerably since the middle of last century, when it was almost the exclusive domain of the ordained minister, who typically made sacramental visits along with some theologically considered words of comfort. With the beginning of this century, professionally trained lay pastoral carers now at least balance the numbers of visiting clergy, if not exceed their presence. The emerging research appears to support the efforts of these pastoral carers, in their diverse roles and functions, as they increase patient recovery rates. Yet despite the apparent positive impact they make in the clinical setting, many continue to struggle to gain the status, identity and visibility they desire within the hospital structure. The article provides an overview of the current situation relative to pastoral care, and argues that quality research, consultancy, and training are imperative if it is to thrive and be considered an integral part of health care system.


ABSTRACT The failure to identify the returns to innovation in Latin America within the framework formalized in the CDM model has hampered a thorough comprehension of the phenomenon and hence the design of adequate policies to foster the activity. We here argue that the use of standard innovation output indicators is at the root of the poor performance of empirical models given their inability to properly account for new procedures and for the heterogeneous relevance of innovations. A methodology to build new indices is proposed and their improved comparative performance is shown using 2006 data on Uruguayan firms.


The use of ultraviolet fluorescence to identify freeze-damaged navel oranges (Citrus sinensis) was evaluated using fruit harvested following a natural freeze that occurred in California in Jan. 2007. Navel oranges were harvested after the freeze from 14 sites that were previously determined to have a slight to moderate amount of freeze damage. The fruit were evaluated for the presence of small yellow spots characteristic of freeze damage that fluoresce when viewed under a ultraviolet-A (365 nm) source and were then cut and rated using a method currently used by the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) to determine the presence of internal freeze damage. The percentage of freeze-damaged fruit in each lot as determined by the CDFA method ranged from 0% to 89%. The accuracy of classifying fruit as freeze damaged in each lot by peel fluorescence averaged 44%, with the fruit lots containing the greatest amount of freeze damage having the highest classification percentages. False-positives occurred at a lower rate than false-negatives among the lots. Although some fading was evident, the fluorescence persisted and was readily visible for at least 9 weeks after the freeze event. Removal of fruit with ultraviolet peel fluorescence was ineffective in reducing the percentage of damaged fruit within the examined lots. In the second part of the test, eighteen lots of potentially freeze-damaged fruit were obtained from a packing house, immediately evaluated for freeze damage using ultraviolet light, and then after 4 weeks of storage, were evaluated again using the CDFA method. Fruit that had a slight to moderate degree of freeze damage were tasted and evaluated for sensory characteristics. Both methods of freeze damage detection were poorly related to the sensory characteristics.


This paper summarizes the results of a series of experiments on the insulation structure from the NO96 membrane containment system. The experiments assessed the static and dynamic loading of the insulation structure and its materials. The dynamic loading assessment included a "dry-drop test" which was followed by a series of corresponding non-linear dynamic structural finite element analyses. These were conducted to grasp the dynamic structural response and strength. The structural FEM analyses well represented the dynamic structural response of the insulation structure after the effect of the boundary conditions and material properties were investigated.


The solvent extraction of gold from thiosulfate solutions with alkyl amines was studied. The experimental results showed that with both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons as diluent, the power of amines for extraction of gold decreased in the order: primary > secondary > tertiary amine. Further study indicated that the initial gold concentration and ionic strength in aqueous phase had no significant influence on the extraction of gold with primary amine N-1923 The extraction of gold at high pH values increased with an increase of the extractant concentration. The enthalpy change for the extraction with N-1923 was calculated -120.8 kJ mol(-1). From these experimental results, the equations of extraction of gold with N-1923 from thiosulfate solution with and without the presence of ammonia have been derived respectively.


C H A P T E R S U M M A R Y A man who identifies as a gay or bisexual man (GBM), or as a man who has sex with men (MSM), and who is diagnosed with prostate cancer may experience survivorship and sexual roles and functioning differently from a man who identifies as heterosexual or straight. Whether actual treatment decisions differ between gay or bisexual men and straight or heterosexual men is not known. The effects and consequences of prostate cancer treatment are typically experienced by all men, regardless of sexual orientation, but the concern and bother of treatment side effects in survivorship may have different manifestations. Partnered men of all sexual orientations may have improved survivorship over men not in relationships. Younger men, particularly younger GBM, may have poorer quality of life in cancer survivorship. Healthcare providers are encouraged to create safe and accepting environments for patients to disclose sexual orientation and gender identity and to make the appropriate clinical decisions based on this information with knowledgeable recommendations and strategies during treatment decision making and survivorship. In this chapter we review the published literature about GBM with prostate cancer, decision making when considering treatment options, symptom burden, and sexual roles and functioning in survivorship. Interspersed throughout the chapter are qualitative comments collected by our group from a series of surveys conducted among the LGBT community about their experiences with receiving general healthcare.


Several studies have shown that condom use at sexual debut is associated with continued condom use. To assess the relation between condom use at first


[It is] the very nature of language, which, uniquely ambiguous, both subject and object all at once, […] intentional meaning and articulated system, necessarily projects two distinct and discontinuous dimensions (or "objects of study") which can never be conceptually unified. As for conceptual thought, if we grasp the problem as one of escaping from the purely individualizing categories of ethics, of transcending the categories into which our existence as individual subjects necessarily locks us and opening up the radically distinct transindividual perspectives of collective life or historical process, then the conclusion seems unavoidable that we already have the ideal of a thinking able to go beyond good and evil, namely the dialectic itself. threatens


Nail Changes during Chemotherapy A 42-year-old man undergoing treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presented with changes in his fingernails. Physical examination showed brown discoloration of his fingernails and two types of transverse white lines that were not palpable.


AbstractThis paper deals with the problems of conserving historic dovecotes, and is particularly concerned with their functional features. Most dovecotes in Britain are listed, so it is assumed that their value as works of historic architecture is already sufficiently appreciated. Their functional features are less widely understood, and where they survive only in fragmentary condition there is a danger that they may not be recognized, or that they may be inappropriately repaired. The text draws on contemporary sources to show how dovecotes were used, and covers perching spaces, pigeon entrances, windows, doors, floors, revolving ladders, feeding platforms, nesting places, the use of limewash, protection against predators, and common building defects. The author hopes to enable conservers to take informed decisions about the retention and repair of functional features. Nomenclature is discussed briefly, and the favoured terms are given in italics at their first appearance in die text.


The study includes a comparative study  biochemical  comparative study  between the blood and saliva at some pointers early diagnosis for diabetes type II in obese people and over weight ,as this study was conducted on 150 sample (males and females) of  blood serum and saliva ,as she was the first set of blood serum of fat people with over  weight and they have not family history of second type ΙΙ diabetes obese and over weight people have a family history of diabetes.
The concentration of glucose was measured, glutathione, the effectiveness of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, Catalase, malondialdehyde, peroxy nitrit nitrit peroxy, uric acid, total protein, albumin, triglycerides s, cholesterol, fat high_ density HDL_C, fat low -density LDL-C-very low fat density VLDL-C, the proportion of body mass index- BMI and age of each sample.
Results indicated that the  presence of  artificial  increasing  in the level of glucose to blood serum and obese of fat people who are over wight and who have family history of diabetes they are comparred whith the control group, while the level of glutathione is high in the blood serum and there are no artificl  difference  in the saliva  enzayme glutathione the lack of artifical diffrence of plasma and the decline in the saliva of the enzyme catalase, high moral in the blood serum and no difference in the saliva of the level of dual malondialdehyde, an artifical increaing in blood serum and saliva to the level of peroxy nitrit, no signifigant diffrence in the serum of blood and decreasing in the saliva of he level of uric acid ,a significant increasing in blood serum and saliva decline in the level of total protein was observed ,no significant diffrence in blood serum and saliva decreasing in the level of albumin people who have a history of diabetes.
 the level of fat in the serum of blood and saliva (triglycerides, cholesterol, high_ density fat, low fat and very density) were studied among the groups .The results showed a significant increasing in serum blood, saliva tripal fat, cholesterol, fat low density, and very few fat density aggregates while there is no significant diffrence of fats serum high_ density and high in the saliva obese people have a family history of diabetes is. so observed .So these results are early diagnosis for diabetes type II in the blood serum and saliva of obese people who have a family history of diabetes.


This paper deals with the flexural instability of flexible spinning cylinders partially filled with viscous fluid. Using the linearized Navier-Stokes equations for the incompressible flow, a two-dimensional model is developed for fluid motion. The resultant force exerted on the flexible cylinder wall as the result of the fluid motion is calculated as a function of lateral acceleration of the cylinder axis in the Laplace domain. Applying the Hamilton principle, the governing equations of flexural motion of the rotary flexible cylinder mounted on general viscoelastic supports are derived. Then combining the equations describing the fluid force on the flexible cylinder with the structural dynamics equations, the coupled-field governing equations of the system are obtained. A numerical technique is devised with the obtained model for stability analysis of the flexible cylinder and some examples are presented. The effect of material viscoelasticity and structural damping on the stability margins of the flexible cylinder is examined, and some parameter studies on the governing parameters of the critical spinning speed are carried out.


Increasingly, regulatory authorities require that specialist qualifications in clinical medicine should include a verifiable research component. Whereas university postgraduate degrees were generally awarded after training that included participation in research, the Colleges of Medicine relied on professional competency examinations as a measure of a candidate's suitability for specialist registration.


With the development of internet network technology,the Position of VPN is become more and more important in the field of network.The concept,technology,protocol and application of VPN was introduced.


At the cutting‐edge of microwave detection technology, novel approaches which exploit the interaction between microwaves and quantum devices are rising. In this study, microwaves are efficiently detected exploiting the unique transport features of InAs/InP nanowire double quantum dot‐based devices, suitably configured to allow the precise and calibration‐free measurement of the local field. Prototypical nanoscale detectors are operated both at zero and finite source‐drain bias, addressing and rationalizing the microwave impact on the charge stability diagram. The detector performance is addressed by measuring its responsivity, quantum efficiency and noise equivalent power that, upon impedance matching optimization, are estimated to reach values up to ≈2000 A W−1, 0.04 and ≈ 10−16W/Hz${10^{ - 16}}{\rm{W}}/\sqrt {Hz} $ , respectively. The interaction mechanism between the microwave field and the quantum confined energy levels of the double quantum dots is unveiled and it is shown that these semiconductor nanostructures allow the direct assessment of the local intensity of the microwave field without the need for any calibration tool. Thus, the reported nanoscale devices based on III‐V nanowire heterostructures represent a novel class of calibration‐free and highly sensitive probes of microwave radiation, with nanometer‐scale spatial resolution, that may foster the development of novel high‐performance microwave circuitries.


A method, apparatus and system for operating a device of a building automation system comprising, generating a Erkennungsbitfolge. A particularly energy-saving data transmission is made possible by first sending the Erkennungsbitfolge 48 in a first time slot A, B, C and at least second sending the Erkennungsbitfolge 48 in a second time from the first time slot A, B, C remote time slot A, B, C, wherein the duration of transmission of the Erkennungsbitfolge 48 is shorter than a wake-up of a receiver and the length 48 corresponds at least to the duration of the Aufwachintervalls of the receiver 46 of the transmission of the sum of the first and at least second Erkennungsbitfolge.


This article explores the dynamics of China's socialist constitutional identity. It identifies three disharmonic conditions aminating the dynamics: the competing socialist, liberal, universal, and Confucian commitments internal to China's Constitution; the external discrepancy between the socialist constitutional commitments and social realities; and the normative gap between socialist and generic constitutional identity. The article further generalizes judicial, legislative, activist, and discursive models of dynamics of China's socialist constitutional identity. Accordingly, China's socialist constitutional identity is variously shaped by adjudication, legislation, social movement, and public discourse.


In this study, we tried to find out how it affects the motivation, satisfaction, and repurchase intention of eco-friendly paper container cosmetics. To this end, a survey was conducted and a total of 190 questionnaires were analyzed. The main results are as follows: Symbolicity, aesthetics, and practicality, which are the components of purchase motivation, have a significant effect on satisfaction, and both aesthetics and practicality have a significant effect on repurchase intention. In addition, satisfaction with eco-friendly paper container cosmetics has a significant impact on repurchase intentions. Therefore, it is believed that eco-friendly paper container cosmetics marketing managers should present marketing measures that emphasize practicality, the motivation for purchasing, which has the biggest impact on satisfaction and repurchase intentions.


This study aimed to compare the effect of intra and post cervical artificial insemination (AI) on the reproductive efficiency of swine, by evaluating the parturition rate. For the collection of semen, three males were used alternately and the ejaculated evaluated at the Laboratory of Semen. For insemination, were used only refrigerated ejaculates with normal appearance and motility greater than 70%. The homospermic doses had their 3 billion sperm concentration and volume (80 mL) standardized and were added the same industrialized diluent (MRA long conservation, Consuitec, Paulinia, Brazil). Estrus identification of the females was by using a male to detect estrus twice a day. Insemination of swine females were given in two ways: intra cervical (conventional) and post cervical. Animals, with two to five number of parturitions, were randomly distributed into three treatment groups, according to the type and interval of AIs: IC (n = 122) - intra cervical AI 12 and 24 hours after estrus detection; PC12 (n = 121) – post cervical AI after 12 and 24 hours after estrus detection; and PC24 (n = 121) – post cervical AI 12 and 36 hours after estrus detection. Pregnancies were confirmed by no return to estrus and by parturition at the end of pregnancy. For statistical analysis, data were submitted to ANOVA, considering parturition rates, number of parturitions, male, interaction parturition rate x number of parturitions and male. Means of each group were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test (SAS, 2008) at a significance level of 5%. There were no effect of number of parturitions and male used. Parturition rates observed in this study were: IC 89.95%, PC12 97.40% and PC24 95.60%. The three groups differed significantly (P < 0.05), with conventional AI (IC) presented the lowest parturition rate and post cervical AI PC12 the higher parturition rate. Both post cervical AI protocols of this study were superior compared to the intra cervical. The efficiency of post-cervical insemination consist in reduction of the loss of sperm by refluxing and phagocytosis, due to the smaller path traveled by the sperm cells to the oviduct, and due to the mechanical transposition of the cervix, major mechanical barrier to sperm transit. Regarding the intervals between inseminations, was observed that a 24-hour interval was too long, probably compromising the availability of viable sperm in the oviduct for fertilization. Unlike the results of this study, some authors states that when comparing the reproductive data of the intra cervical and post cervical inseminations some aspects are not significantly different, indicating that the post cervical insemination may have no effect on the potential of female fertility. That is, there may be factors as the choice of the matrix, sperm viability, environment, that can affect pregnancy in females by intra cervical insemination. In relation to the technique, the post-cervical AI had higher parturition rates than intra cervical insemination technique. Regarding the interval between inseminations, twice with 12 hours was the best protocol, with higher parturition rate.


Purpose: The purpose of this research was to produce a work that will resolve the problem of neglecting the importance of sports and hobbies vocabulary in our national educational system in South Sudan. It will also work as a catalase of change in the Southern Sudanese system of academic development.
Methodology: A desktop literature review was used for this purpose. The study's relevant seminal references and journal articles were identified using Google Scholar and other database engines.
Findings: The findings revealed that the main problem in learning English in South Sudan is the curriculum's lack of English vocabulary related to Sports and Hobbies. And this results negatively in a flawed educational system in which school leavers are graduated from their schools with little knowledge, if not ignorant, because sports and hobbies knowledge is totally or entirely ignored in setting our curriculum.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: The new idea in this study is to give importance to vocabulary related to sports and hobbies as the shortest way to help learners and indicate the necessity of sports and hobbies to be part of our culture and to pave the road for their existence as part of our national phenomenon. Besides, it will significantly contribute to the actual knowledge of the academic community's current understanding of their subject. Moreover, this research will challenge other research on learning English as a Foreign Language in South Sudan because it looks deeply at the root of this problem. This poorly planned educational system never gives room for new ideas to develop. Besides, this proposal will also provide a solution for ignoring sports and hobbies vocabularies in our educational system and will help inject English vocabulary into our curriculum development. Being the first in South Sudan, this research will significantly help teachers, students, the Ministry of Education, at home, and whoever wants to learn vocabulary related to sports and hobbies. It will also be helpful and reachable for many people learning English as a foreign language. It will also help provide English vocabulary related to sports and hobbies through research in our educational system.


Objective By analyzing the existing problems of rabies prevention and control work in Guangzhou city,to discuss the improvement measures with direction. Methods Visit all the administrative regions of Guangzhou city,understand the organization,funding sources,vaccine price and propaganda of local rabies prevention and treatment. Results Rabies prevention and control at present of Guangzhou city is not perfect:lots of policies without perfect contact mechanism,difficult to form resultant force;lack of management funds,insufficient positive degree of management staff;the disordered circulation of dog market,difficult quarantine work;increasing public dog,but low registration and vaccination rate;lack of propaganda vigor,insufficient awareness about rabies harm masses for crowd. Conclusion In order to effectively control the epidemic of rabies in Guangzhou city,it is suggested that to improve local laws and regulations,strengthen supervision,perfect the system of rewards and penalties;establish effective joint establishment of rabies prevention and control,strengthen the modernized management;effectively use of dog management costs,perform the capital lucidification;standardize and strengthen management of dogs,forced rabies vaccine injection; according to different groups formulate the propaganda and education methods,popularize the rabies prevention and control knowledge;people-oriented,make the rabies prevention and control humanity.


The objective of the present paper is to describe the lessons learned from three icing tests undertaken by Canadair at the NASA-Lewis icing tunnel. The ice accretion characteristics were calculated for the Global Express wing section (slats and flaps retracted) at three angles of attack representing light, medium and heavy weights for holding configuration and two droplet sizes corresponding to the lower and upper limits from conditions specified in Appendix C of FAR-25. The model design procedure has several unique features due to the interdisciplinary character of the problem. A detailed description of the process which leads to the selection and instrumentation of a wing section model is presented. The ice prediction code used, CANICE, was validated through comparison with experimental results and the NASA-Lewice Beta version of the code. The experimental measurement methods used in the icing tunnel are described as well as the icing conditions that can be established in the NASA-Lewis icing tunnel, and its limitations on a typical icing test for a real aircraft. Details of a typical ice catch test are discussed in terms of expected accuracy and repeatability of a test point. Ice density measurements in the icing tunnel are presented and compared to natural ice densities. Observations and measurements pertinent to the character of rime, glaze and mixed type ice are reported that could benefit modeling ice accretion. The use of ice catch and thermodynamic analysis in anti-icing system design and certification is discussed.


In this study, methodologies for checking the interference between in-core instrumentation (lCI) guide tubes for routing of ICI guide tubes in the reactor coolant system of typical Pressurized Water Reactor under cold and normal operation (NOP) conditions are presented. The closest points of ICI guide tubes under cold condition are calculated by using minimize technique and are used as data for NOP analysis. Movements of ICI guide tubes under NOP condition are performed by the commercial computer code, SUPERPIPE.


This study explores six English as a foreign language students in an English contentbased course of critical thinking delivered via distance at the Baha'i Institute for Higher Education (BIHE) in Iran. Framed within cultural-historical activity theory, the study seeks to shed light on the complex nature of students' course-related activities with a particular focus on contradictions that underlie any human activity. The construct of contradictions provides a theoretical lens to understand the complex web of relationships among a number of elements in the course taking activity situated in a cultural-historical setting beset with political controversies, technological challenges, and demands of the bilingual curriculum of the university. To capture the complex nature of contradictions, the study employed a naturalistic methodology and relied primarily on in-depth interviews with the participants, observations of their online behaviors, and the artifacts that student participants produced by the end of the semester. The findings indicate that most participants had multiple activity systems within the course environment, some of which were oriented towards academic and others nonacademic objects. According to the data and theoretical interpretations, most participants had primary, secondary, and quaternary contradictions. Most primary contradictions had the nature of use and exchange value, which in practical terms indicates the orientation towards genuine learning or earning a grade. Primary and quaternary contradictions led to


An interesting feature of midwifery practice at the present time is the willingness, or often the eagerness, of women to enter a hospital for their confinement. This attitude is a comparatively recent development, and arises no doubt from the growing confidence of the public in the work of our hospitals. Yet. the proportion of confinements which take place in hospitals or other institutions -that is, which take place away from home-is small if we view the country as a whole. In rural districts the proportion is very small indeed. In the city of Cardiff the proportion is relatively high-namely, 15 per cent. Hospital accommodation for midwifery is admitted to be inadequate over the country as a whole, but the task of increasing the available accommodation is expensive and progress is slow; in all probability, at least 75 per cent. of our women will be confined in their own homes for many years to come. There is inuch to be said for the view that it is better for the average normal mother to have her baby at home, so long as the home conditions are decent and good medical and nursing attendants are available. Thy case which can be recognized as abnormal during the ante-natal period is better dealt with in hospital, except in respect of the small miniority whose social circumstances allow them to command specialist services when required. Statistics showing the results of domiciliary midwifery are not easy to obtain, but there are at any rate two sources of information available which deserve attention. One is the outdoor practice of the lying-in hospitals and the midwifery departments of general hospitals; the other is the practice of the midwives belonging to the Queen's Institute of District Nursing, who work for nursing associations in various parts of the country. May I first of all remind you of the figures of our national maternal mortality, which is the cause of so much public concern at the present time. Table I gives the essential features and the alteration they have under-


Instructional design (ID) models are proven prescriptive techniques for qualitative lessons that could guarantee learning. Existing Learning Management Systems (LMS) miss-out the roles of this important quality control mechanism by providing a mere plane and passive platform for content authoring, thus becomes vulnerable for poor instructional design. This paper demonstrates an effort to ameliorate this limitation by extending the IEEE Learning Technology System Architecture (LTSA) with ID design processes. The Use Case diagram, Activities diagram and Entity Relation diagram for the extended LTSA are presented. The extended architecture was implemented on Moodle open sourced LMS which was extended and hosted live. Students' impressions on the functionalities and operational effects of the platform were collated using online survey. The academic effects of the platform on the students' performance were determined using the class mean. The value obtained was compared with that of the control group in the same session and those from the previous sessions. Consequently, this work demonstrates the feasibility of integrating ID models in E-learning. It also justifies its effects on the quality of learning.


The Computational Electronics and Electromagnetics thrust area is a focal point for computer modeling activities in electronics and electromagnetics in the Electronics Engineering Department of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Traditionally, they have focused their efforts in technical areas of importance to existing and developing LLNL programs, and this continues to form the basis for much of their research. A relatively new and increasingly important emphasis for the thrust area is the formation of partnerships with industry and the application of their simulation technology and expertise to the solution of problems faced by industry. The activities of the thrust area fall into three broad categories: (1) the development of theoretical and computational models of electronic and electromagnetic phenomena, (2) the development of useful and robust software tools based on these models, and (3) the application of these tools to programmatic and industrial problems. In FY-92, they worked on projects in all of the areas outlined above. The object of their work on numerical electromagnetic algorithms continues to be the improvement of time-domain algorithms for electromagnetic simulation on unstructured conforming grids. The thrust area is also investigating various technologies for conforming-grid mesh generation to simplify the application of their advanced fieldmore » solvers to design problems involving complicated geometries. They are developing a major code suite based on the three-dimensional (3-D), conforming-grid, time-domain code DSI3D. They continue to maintain and distribute the 3-D, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code TSAR, which is installed at several dozen university, government, and industry sites.« less


Title of Document: INFANT SPEECH PERCEPTION IN NOISE AND VOCABULARY OUTCOMES Emily R. Singer, M.A., 2008 Directed By: Associate Professor Dr. Rochelle Newman, Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences This study attempted to investigate the relationship between infant speech per ception in noise and vocabulary outcomes. Newman (2005) conducted a series of studies to determine if infants were able to perceive their own name in the context of background noise. It was found that at five months, infants could perceive their own name when the signal-to-noise ratio was at least 10 dB and at thirteen months, infant were able to perceive their own name with a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 5 dB. Children who had participated in this study as infants returned to be assessed in terms of vocabulary and non-verbal intelligence at approximately five years of age. Children were divided into two groups depending on their success as infants and compared on these measures. No significant relationship was found between any of the measures of vocabulary or non-verbal intelligence and initial performance on t h speech perception task. INFANT SPEECH PERCEPTION AND VOCABULARY OUTCOMES


In the rapid development of Internet technology, the application of various new technologies has become more and more extensive. Among them, the development of big data technology and cloud computing technology is very rapid, and these technologies are of great help to improving the efficiency of data storage and management. However, the data system itself has certain data security problems in the big data cloud computing environment. In order to improve people's information security in the process of data processing and integration, we need to study data security protection technology in the big data cloud computing environment. Only in this way can we solve data and information security issues based on specific conditions and improve the reliability and security of data transmission.


While the dynasties evolved from Ming to Qing, it was very shocked and astounded for the scholars and artists who witness the assaults, disorders and chaos in wartime. Upon the distinct characters and experiences, these scholars and artists chose different ways to face the arduous dilemma of dynastic identity, which refer to their dignities, self-esteem, and even living. This thesis focused on those who was called "Orthodox artist" and the viewers of their works, analyzing how they settled themselves in the troubled times by combining creating paintings with the Chinese eremitic tradition, that we called "Hua-yin". Above those artists, Wang Hui (1632-1717) and Yun Shouping (1633-1690) are the most typical personages in this period. Wang and Yun are both master painters in early Qing dynasty. Previous researches into these two artists mostly concentrated on their painting skills and achievements, but rarely focus on their thoughts and philosophies. Until now, there are no particular research that discussed "Hua-yin". it is a complex term which involved multiple meanings such as "to live in seclusion by painting" or "to withdraw from real society and live in painting works" because the Chinese word "Hua" can be read as verb or/and noun at the same time. This thesis attended to demonstrate the idea of "Hua-yin" by looking into the discourse between these two artists and their relatives, friends and followers. A main interpretation of "Hua-yin" is considering a painting as another world, where the creators and viewers can get themselves into. There are no more troubles or vexations in these fictitious, utopian worlds. As mentioned above, "Hua-yin" is a multivalent term. This thesis would go around this key term and proceed through two mainly discourse: First, it discovered that Wang and Yun left their sentiments of the worst of times into the paintings like 'Peach Blossom Spring' and 'Spring in the Yangtze Delta'. In the next place, by elaborating their principle and thought on painting such as "Methodology" and "Theory of Perfection", it revealed how Wang and Yun are detached from difficulties and perplexities in their real life.


Abstract. Nine density-dependent empirical thermal conductivity
relationships for firn were compared against data from three automatic
weather stations at climatically different sites in East Antarctica (Dome A,
Eagle, and LGB69). The empirical relationships were validated using a
vertical, 1D thermal diffusion model and a phase-change-based
firn diffusivity estimation method. The best relationships for the abovementioned sites were identified by comparing the modeled and observed firn
temperature at a depth of 1 and 3 m, and from the mean heat
conductivities over two depth intervals (1–3 and 3–10 m). Among the nine
relationships, that proposed by Calonne et al. (2011) appeared to show the
best performance. The density- and temperature-dependent relationship given
in Calonne et al. (2019) does not show clear superiority over other
density-dependent relationships. This study provides a useful reference for
firn thermal conductivity parameterizations in land modeling or snow–air
interaction studies on the Antarctica ice sheet.


Research concerned with the effects of population density on humans is inconsistent in demonstrating aversive effects of high density. The concept of 'crowding' is discussed in an attempt to develop a suitable definition. Crowding is said to result from physical density, a necessary antecedent condition, and a number of personal and social factors. Characteristics of the physical environment, social environment, task environment, and individual are explored in order to delineate the determinants of crowding, and the effects of density and crowding on human behavior are discussed. Several theories of crowding are critically examined, and the superiority of the interference model is argued. The interference model is translated into principles aimed at providing planners with concrete intervention strategies for dealing with the problem of overcrowding.


Objective:To observe effects of prevention and treatment for bronchial asthma in summer by acupoint application therapy.Methods:133 cases were treated by acupoint application therapy and observed the effects.Divide the patients into 3 groups aceording to their application time:less than 4 hours,5 hours and 6 hours.Investigate the correlation between application time and effects.Results:After treatments by acupoint application therapy,the clinical symptoms were apparently improved and the life quality improved significantly.The effective rate was 76.7%.There was no significantly correlation between application time and effects.Conclusion:Prevention and treatment for bronchial asthma in summer by acupoint application therapy has obvious effect.Application time has no influence on effects.


In normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats the antidiabetic activity of bark methanolic extract of Terminalia sericea was investigated. The present study of animals was divided in to normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated and control treated group. The effects of oral supplement of T. sericea (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg ) for 30 days on the level of blood glucose, total cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), histological studies and statistical analysis in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were calculated. Comparing the values of T. sericea bark methanolic extract treated group with the control diabetic group, the result found that the bark methanolic extract of T. sericea significantly decreased the elevated blood glucose level, cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, LDL, VLDL and it showed a significant increase in liver HDL level. These results indicated that bark methanolic extract of T. sericea possesses anti-diabetic effect in diabetic rats.


Since its initial publication, readers have been troubled by the insidious collusion with monstrosity they experience when reading Lolita. Examination of Vladimir Nabokov's progression as he amplifies themes he begins in "The Potato Elf" and develops in The Enchanter and "Scenes From the Life of a Double Monster" makes clear that the uncomfortable sympathy he achieves for Humbert Humbert in Lolita is not a mere side-effect, but the very essence of the novel. With this grand portrait of monstrosity, Nabokov challenges his readers to pay attention to what is outside of themselves (no matter how alien or horrible it may seem) in order to achieve what he calls "aesthetic bliss."


Nowadays database are large and also the complex one which consisting of many entities. The users are interested to retrieve the information from the database by using SOL queries but all the user are not familiar with SQL knowledge, so the keywords are used for searching the entities from the database without any knowledge about the schema and as well as query language. By using keyword search the results are produced but it may irrelevant to the user's need ,so with keywords the incremental query construction is discussed.


Goya completed Los Desastres de la Guerra during the Peninsular War (1808 to 1814), soon after Napoleon's brutal occupation of Spain, which sparked a popular uprising among the Spaniards and violent repression by the French. The full title for the series was Fatales consequencias de la sangrienta guerra con Buonaparte. Y otros caprichos enfáticos en 85 estampas. Inventadas, dibuxadas, y grabadas por el pintor original D. Francisco de Goya y Lucientes. (translated: Fatal consequences of the bloody war with Buonaparte, and other emphatic inventions in 85 prints. Invented, drawn, and engraved by the original painter Francisco de Goya y Lucientes). The artist may have initially held Bonapartist sympathies, admiring the liberal vision for a more egalitarian world. Goya became thoroughly disillusioned, however, as he observed the depredations, domination, and systematized violence inflicted by the invading French as Napoleon installed his own brother on the Spanish throne.
There are very few precedents for this wrenching level of graphic depiction of war, notably the 18 etchings circa 1633 of Les Misères et les Malheurs de la Guerre (The Miseries and Misfortunes of War) of Jacques Callot, a set that was widely circulated. Goya echoes the format of Callot's print cycle in placing text beneath graphic depictions of atrocities and executions, but Callot's images seem remote, historic narrative, whereas Goya's grisly scenes ard brought to the forefront, producing immediate, visceral reactions. They are impossible to look at without feeling abhorrence and revulsion, their impact undiminished even now in an era where violent, horrific, uncensored images can be transmitted virtually instantly around the world (and we see the murder of George Floyd in nearly real time).


In view of the situation that the number of receiving signal in wideband receiver is large and signal spectrum distributes non-uniformly,a method of efficient non-uniform digital channelizer based on polyphase filter banks and signal reconstruction is proposed in this paper.The digital channelizer is composed of both analyser and synthesizer with a same coefficient of prototype low-pass filter,which is designed optimally to achieve high stopband attenuation,so that the parallel quadrature mirror filter banks can be used to reconstruct signal.Finally,the computational complexity of the proposed channelizer is compared with that of the parallel digital down conversion channelizer and multi-stage polyphase DFT(Discret Fourier Transform) filter banks,it can be seen that the proposed method is more efficient and feasible with a little signal distortion.


Social studies is the combined study of several disciplines including cultural anthropology where expressive culture is defined and described. Expressive culture is the processes, emotions, and ideas bound within the social production of aesthetic forms and performances in everyday life. It is a way to embody culture and to express culture through sensory experiences such as dance, music, literature, visual media, and theater. By integrating the arts into social studies, students are introduced to cultural ideals, traditions, and norms inherent in their own lives. This article describes the use of cultural anthropology as a vehicle to teach social studies concepts with visual and performing arts. Two examples of coequal social studies and arts units are examined in second and sixth grades.


Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of mobile nodes which communicates with each other without any supporting infrastructure. Routing in MANET is extremely challenging because of MANETs dynamic features, its limited bandwidth and power energy. MANET nodes operating on battery try to pursue the energy efficiency heuristically by reducing the energy they consumed. Ant Colony Optimization are more predicting in providing loop free, energy-aware, and multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks. ACO routing algorithms use simple agents or artificial ants and these agents demonstrate optimum paths between source and destination. These agents communicate indirectly with each other by means of stigmergy. This paper determines a survey on different MANET routing protocols which are based on algorithm inspired by ACO. Keywords-Ant Colony Optimization, Quality of Service (QoS) routing.


Ionic liquids (ILs), with their inherent ionic conductivity and negligible vapor pressure, can be exploited in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells for which thermal management is a major problem and the cell operation temperature is limited by the boiling point of water. In this work, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes were modified by the incorporation of tetrabutylphosphonium bromide ([P4 4 4 4]Br) by solvent-casting. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study the electrical properties of the modified membranes. Simultaneous TGA and FTIR studies were used to evaluate the thermal stability and chemical structure of the modified membranes, respectively. 1H NMR spectroscopy was applied to probe the changes in the chemical environment due to the interaction between the ionic liquid and the polymer. Mechanical properties were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis. The temperature-dependent behavior of the viscosity of the [P4 4 4 4]Br ionic liquid was observed to obey the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) equation, and was correlated to the ion-conducting properties of the IL-doped SPEEK membranes.