Phase Transitions and Electron-Phonon Couplings in Perfect Crystals. Modulated Structures. An Introduction.- I. The Framework.- A. Phase changes in perfect crystals.- B. Interatomic forces.- II. Electron-Phonon Couplings (for Delocalized Electrons).- A. Soft modes at OK. Adiabatic and kinematic approximations.- 1. General (crystals).- 2. Energy change for the phonon.- 3. Classical examples.- B. Discussion of the approximations.- 1. The meaning of v.- 2. Self consistency (to first order).- 3. Other correlation effects.- 4. Degeneracy of electronic states.- 5. Anharmonic terms.- 6. Adiabatic approximation.- 7. Entropy at finite temperature.- Appendix A. Short Range Order due to Dispersion Forces.- Appendix B. LCAO Studies of the Band Structures of Metals and Covalents.- Appendix C. Phase Stability for Nearly Free Electrons.- Appendix D. Cohesion in Transitional Metals.- Neutron Scattering Studies of Electron-Phonon Interactions.- I. Phonon Dispersion in Metals.- II. Kohn Singularities.- III. Neutron Spectroscopy of Superconductors.- IV. Magnetic Field Effects.- V. Charge Density Wave Instabilities.- Phase Transitions in Quasi One-Dimensional Metals (TTF-TCNQ and KCP).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Interchain Coupling.- 3. Landau-Ginzburg Theory of Structural Phase Transformations and Charge Density Waves in TTF-TCNQ.- 3.1 The 54K transition.- 3.2 The 47K transition.- 3.3 The 38K transition.- 3.4 The 4kF anomaly.- 3.5 Critical behaviour.- 4. Impurities.- 4.1 One-dimensional random systems.- 4.2 Combined effects of random impurities and interchain coupling.- Solitons and Charge Density Waves.- 1. Abstract.- 2. Introduction.- 3. Change Density Waves and the Sine-Gordon Equation.- 4. Solitons and Charge Density Waves.- 5. Solitons in Disordered Systems.- 6. Classical Solitons in Two Dimension.- 7. Three Dimensional Ordering.- Charge Density Waves in Layered Compounds.- Landau Theory of the Charge Density Waves.- A. The Landau Free Energy.- B. Phase Transitions.- C. Fluctuation Modes.- D. Impurity Effects l.- E. CDW Dislocations l.- F. Discommensurations.- Microscopic Model of CDW in 2H-TaSe2.- Light Scattering by Charge Density Wave Modes in KCP and 2H-TaSe2.- Symmetry Classification of Modulated Structures.- 1. Definition of Modulated Structures.- 2. Symmetry Operations and -Translations.- 3. Properties of MS-Space Group Operations.- 4. Reduced Form of Point Group Operations.- 5. Equivalence and Invariance of k-vectors.- 6. Point Groups.- 7. Rational and Irrational Non-Zero Components of k l.- 8. Necessity of Introduction of Bravais Lattice Types with Improper Translations.- 9. Two-Dimensional Example of Improper Translations.- 10. Enumeration of Lattice Types.- Superspace Groups for the Classification of Modulated Crystals.- I. Introduction.- II. Superspace Groups.- III. Equivalence Classes.- IV. Examples.- V. Conclusions.- Structural Phase Transitions and Superconductivity in A-15 Compounds.- I. Introduction.- II. Instabilities and Transformation Effects on the Physical Behaviour.- III. More on the Relation of Structural Instability and High Temperature Superconductivity.- IV. Instabilities, Unstable Phases, and Superconductivity.- V. Defects, Instabilities, and Superconductivity.- Superconductivity and Martensitic Transformations in A-15 Compounds.- p-d Hybridization, Incipient Lattice Instabilities and Superconductivity in Transition METAL Compounds.- Pseudo-Spin Approach to Structural Phase Transitions.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Models.- (i) Spin-phonon systems.- (ii) Jahn-Teller systems.- (iii) Order-disorder and tunnelling ferroelectrics.- (iv) Displacive ferroelectrics 2l.- (v) Hamiltonians.- 3. Properties of Models.- (i) Statics.- (ii) Formalism for dynamics.- (iii) Dynamic properties.- (iv) Damping.- 4. Mixed and Dilute Systems.- (i) Statics.- (ii) Dynamics.- (iii) Generalisations.- 5. The Central Peak Critical Behaviour.- (i) The central peak.- (ii) Critical behaviour.- Theory of Jahn-Teller Transitions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Dynamics of JT-Systems.- 2.1 Electronic configuration.- 2.2 Vibronic coupling.- 2.3 Collective behaviour, mean-field approximation (MFA).- 2.4 Coupling to eleastic strain.- 3. Specific Cases.- 3.1 E x ? coupling.- 3.2 E x ? coupling.- 3.3 T ? ? coupling.- 3.4 T ? t2 coupling.- 3.5 (A+B) ? ? pseudo-JT coupling.- Local Jahn-Teller Effect at a Structural Phase Transition.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Multimode JT-Effect.- 3. Critical Enhancement.- Optical Studies of Jahn-Teller Transitions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. 3d-Transition Metal Ions.- Cu2+:CaO.- Ti3+:A12O3.- 3. Cooperative Jahn-Teller Effects in Rare-Earth Crystals.- 4. Optical Studies of Complicated Jahn-Teller Transitions.- 5. Conclusion.- Electric Susceptibility Studies of Cooperative Jahn-Teller Ordering in Rare-Earth CRYSTALS.- Neutron Scattering Studies of the Cooperative Jahn-Teller Effect.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Neutron Probe.- 3. Symmetries and Crystal Fields.- 4. Theory.- 5. Static and Critical Properties.- 6. Normal and Mixed Modes.- 7. Discussion 3l.- Gamma-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Mosaic Distribution in TmAsO4 Near the Cooperative Jahn-Teller Transition at 6 K.- The Central Peak in TbVO4.- The Nature of the Eigenfunctions in a Strongly Coupled Jahn-Teller Problem.- I. Introduction.- II. The Physical Setting.- III. The Hamiltonian.- IV. Absorption Spectrum.- V. Summary and Conclusions.- Cooperative Pseudo Jahn-Teller Model of the Sequence of Ferroelastic Transitions in Barium Sodium Niobate.- Single Ion and Cooperative Jahn-Teller Effect for a Nearly Degenerate E Doublet.- Abstract.- 1. Physical System and Model.- 2. Calculations, Results and Discussion.- 3. Conclusions.- Study of the Mott Transition in n.Type CdS by Spin Flip Raman Scattering and Faraday Rotation.- I. Introduction.- II. Basic Properties of Cadmium Sulfide.- Band structure.- Impurity levels.- Free exciton.- Bound exciton.- III. Spin Flip Scattering.- IV. Study of the SFRS Linewidth.- Mott transition in CdS.- Analysis of experimental results.- V. Measurement of X0 Rotation.- VI. Discussion of Results.- Electron Phonon Interactions and Charge Ordering in Insulators.- I. Charge Ordering in Insulators.- II. Second Grade Ordering: Jahn-Teller Ordering in K2PbCu(NO2)6..- II.1 Introduction.- II. 2 Successive Phase Transitions.- II.3 Phase III: Canted pseudospin structure, antiferrodistortive phase.- II.4 Phase III: 'Fan' spin structure, incommensurate phase.- II.5 Summary and discussions.- III. Zeroth Grade Ordering in Fe3O4.- III.1 Introduction.- III.2 Symmetry property of the phonon field and the charge density field.- III.3 Pseudospin-phonon formalism and neutron scattering cross sections.- III.4 Summary.- The Verwey Transition in Magnetite.- I. Introduction.- II. Crystal and Symmetry.- III. Critical Scattering.- IV. Structure below TV.- Participants.


Since most of the plants are rich in vitamins, minerals, and salts they often have significant effects on human health; hence, continuous consumption of plants, because of water, sugar, fat, protein, vitamins, and etc. plays a significant role in prevention and treatment of many diseases. In this regard, Holy Quran, the book of healing and mercy, has dragged human attention toward certain plants such as Manna of hedysarum, Onion or Cepa, Garlic, Black mustard, Camphor, Cucumber, Pumpkin or Gourd or Calabasse, Fig, Lentil, Banana, Royal basil or Sweet basil, Olive, Data plam or Edible date, Pomegranata, Toothbrush tree or Mustard tree, Manna Tree or French Tamarisk, Grape, Ginger and Nabak tree. Certainly, there are physical and mental benefits to humans, in this notice of Knowing G od. The current study aimed to evaluate therapeutic properties of Quranic plants and their effects on health promotion. After evaluating traditional medicine books and modern medical findings about the properties of Quranic plants and their effects, it was concluded that consumption of any one of these plants in daily diet, plays significant role in health promotion. The four humors are the basis of The Iranian Traditional Medicine and human health is achieved when there is a balance in the quality and quan tity of humors while the imbalances of them will lead to diseases. Aim of present study is review humour plants mentioned in Holy Quran and Iranian traditional medicine.


Allegations that the seasonal nomadic herding nomads suppressed grain and has ruined agricultural soil, is belied by the actual data.On the contrary, such a way of management contributed to high grain yield.However, in the present conditions to revive it does not seem possible.


Due to the favorable characteristics such as climate and topography, the Agribusiness represents much of the generation of wealth in Brazil. Considering this importance, the objective of this research was to identify how many cows of the Dutch and Jersey breeds are required for a small milk producer get profit with its production of Brazilian. For this, the cash flows and the NPV were calculated. The NPV was calculated under deterministic and probabilistic aspects, performing a Monte Carlo simulation and afterwards a Sensitivity Analysis, illustrating the variable parameters that more influence in the outcome of the NPV. It was noticed that the selling price of a liter of milk and the amount of liters of milk produced per cow are the parameters which most affect the NPV. The results showed that there is a need for at least 33 cows of Dutch breed or 43 cows of Jersey breed for the project to generate wealth to the producer


The 5-arylmethylidene rhodanine acetic acid were synthesized by the condensation of rhodanine acetic acid with aromatic aldehyde in sodium acetate/acetic acid under microwave irradiation.This method has better advantage in good yields,shorter reaction time and milder reaction conditions.


Iago's motives for vengeance are problematic as Iago offers different motives throughout the play. Shakespeare scholars have attempted to explain some probable answers for the problem. Yet, none of the answers is definite that Iago's motives remain vague. This paper explores the ambiguity of Iago's motives by negating Iago's explanations, as they do not correspond to his actions. He plays his role skillfully that he can act as a confidante to all of his victims that he masters them and pushes them to helplessness and desperation. His skillful mastery over his victims' lives can be compared to that of a devil who destroys the lives of his victim and that of a skillful artist who decides on the fates of his characters. If an artist creates a work of art, then Iago creates destruction.


Traditionally, imaging diagnosis of respiratory diseases in children often relies on chest X-ray and CT examinations. With technical development, lung ultrasound (LUS) has been successfully applied for diagnosis of lung abnormalities, monitoring of disease progress and assessment of treatment response. This LUS technique has been rapidly recognized by pediatricians and advocated by children′s family because of its diagnostic capability and non-radiation hazards. This article reviews and summarizes the current literatures related to LUS examination technique and pediatric applications in lung abnormalities, including congenital malformations, respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, trauma, and neoplasms.

Key words:
Lung; Ultrasonography; Child


The present work presents a study of bivariate Granger causality in risk applied to financial time series. Risk events, considering financial series, are related to the VaR evaluation in the assets open interest. The CaViaR models, which are part of Quantilic Regression models, were used to identify these events. We exposed the main concepts envolved at the modelling steps and some useful definitions in order to understand it. With the analysis of Granger causality in risk between two series, it is possible to investigate if one of the series is capable of predict the occurence of a extreme value of the other. The study of the usual Granger causality was realized only to compare the results.


Significance Blocking IL-17A signaling is an attractive therapy in treating autoimmune diseases. Current IL-17A blockers target both signaling branches, leading to inhibition of TRAF6-based IL-6 production, and TRAF5-based CXCL-1 production. Global suppression of both branches is of concern due to the critical role IL-17A plays in the host-defense mechanisms. Our study shows that 14-3-3ζ is necessary for IL-17A–stimulated IL-6 production. We also found that 14-3-3ζ represses TRAF5-mediated suppression of IL-17A–stimulated IL-6 induction. Taken together, our results show a unique cross-talk between two branches via the 14-3-3ζ–TRAF5 axis that regulates the IL-17A signaling output. These foundational results can lead to the design of a unique inhibitor targeting a specific branch of IL-17A signaling and obtaining the desired output. IL-17A is a therapeutic target in many autoimmune diseases. Most nonhematopoietic cells express IL-17A receptors and respond to extracellular IL-17A by inducing proinflammatory cytokines. The IL-17A signal transduction triggers two broad, TRAF6- and TRAF5-dependent, intracellular signaling pathways to produce representative cytokines (IL-6) and chemokines (CXCL-1), respectively. Our limited understanding of the cross-talk between these two branches has generated a crucial gap of knowledge, leading to therapeutics indiscriminately blocking IL-17A and global inhibition of its target genes. In previous work, we discovered an elevated expression of 14-3-3 proteins in inflammatory aortic disease, a rare human autoimmune disorder with increased levels of IL-17A. Here we report that 14-3-3ζ is essential for IL-17 signaling by differentially regulating the signal-induced IL-6 and CXCL-1. Using genetically manipulated human and mouse cells, and ex vivo and in vivo rat models, we uncovered a function of 14-3-3ζ. As a part of the molecular mechanism, we show that 14-3-3ζ interacts with several TRAF proteins; in particular, its interaction with TRAF5 and TRAF6 is increased in the presence of IL-17A. In contrast to TRAF6, we found TRAF5 to be an endogenous suppressor of IL-17A–induced IL-6 production, an effect countered by 14-3-3ζ. Furthermore, we observed that 14-3-3ζ interaction with TRAF proteins is required for the IL-17A–induced IL-6 levels. Together, our results show that 14-3-3ζ is an essential component of IL-17A signaling and IL-6 production, an effect that is suppressed by TRAF5. To the best of our knowledge, this report of the 14-3-3ζ-TRAF5 axis, which differentially regulates IL-17A–induced IL-6 and CXCL-1 production, is unique.


Ebola and Risk The Ebola virus is a zoonotic, nosocomial, and priority bioterrorism agent that is categorized under the rubric "viral hemorrhagic fevers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013, 2015; Institute of Medicine, 2009)." In this article, we examine the personal protective equipment (PPE) utilized in U.S. hospitals during viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) outbreaks by reviewing applicable, relevant, and appropriate guidance, published scientific literature, and other available information sources. We examined a series of well-documented nosocomial VHF outbreaks, including the 2014 U.S. Ebola incident in Dallas, Texas, and a single nurse assistant in Madrid, Spain. They share common epidemiological attributes and indicate that a rapidly evolved Ebola patient viral load (which approximates 5–8 days of first symptom) causes a very short period between diagnostic recognition to response and opportunity for PPE escalation (Locsin, Barnard, Matua, & Bongomin, 2003; Towner et al., 2004). Infective dose is in the virus particle range (<10 virions); late stage infections render the patient increasingly contagious (Burd, 2015; Henderson, Inglesby, & O'Toole, 2002). Patient signs, including the loss of up to 8 L of highly viremic vomit and diarrhea daily (CDC, 2015; Kreuels et al., 2014), may present challenges to traditional hospital emergency room PPE procedures and practices. Terminal stage patients with VHF may present a severe risk to health care workers exposed to blood and other bodily fluids, both by direct and cutaneous contact (Mardani, Keshtkar-Jahromi, Ataie, & Adibi, 2009). Further, scientific consensus on the viability of Ebola transmission by aerosol/respiratory pathways remains equivocal (Brosseau & Jones, 2014; Osterholm et al., 2015). Hospitals are required to assess workplace hazards and control risk by the hazard vulnerability analysis assessment process (Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act [PAHPRA], 2013), including the selection of worker PPE based upon those evaluated hazards.


Fault detection is one of the most important and challenging issues in engineering application. In this article fault detection of Gilan combined cycle power plant is investigated. To do so two neural network structures are applied. The first neural network which is trained by Kalman Filter. The second structure is NARX network which is trained by levenberg-marquardt method. The results obtained show that the neural network has a great capability in fault detection.


OBJECTIVE:To established a method for determining matrine and oxymatrine in human plasma.METHODS:The plasma was extracted with chloroform-n-butyl alcohol(98∶2) after basification and purified with neutral alumina solid-phase extraction.Then it was eluted with a Lichrosorb-NH2 column and CH3CN-CH3CH2OH-H3PO4(80∶10∶8),detected at λ 220nm.RESULTS:The linear range was 1.25mg~40mg/L and the limit of detection was 0.1mg/L(S/N=2).The average recoveries of matrine and oxymatrine were 106.96% and 105.04%,respectively.RSDs of within-day and between-day were lower than 13% and 7% respectively.CONCLUSION:The present study provides a simple and reliable method for determining concentrations of matrine and oxymatrine in human plasma.


Copper terephthalate MOF is utilised as an environmentally benign, efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst to effect the aerobic homocoupling of arylboronic acids yielding the corresponding symmetrical biphenyls under mild reaction conditions. This method tolerates various substituents present in arylboronic acids such as halogens, cyano and nitro groups. The catalytic performance has been compared with that of other copper based MOFs namely MOF-101, [Cu(pdc)2]NH2Me2, [Cu2(ndc)2ted]n and [Cu(H2L)]n as well as with other copper salt catalysts. Sheldon test confirmed the heterogeneity of the catalyst, which can be reused under optimized conditions with only a minor loss in its activity. A mechanism for the homocoupling reaction is also proposed. The simplicity of catalyst preparation, its stability, substrate selectivity, easy recovery and regeneration designate possible utilization of this catalytic system in a multitude of catalytic reactions and industrial processes.


It is shown that the rotational hysteresis at high fields of the MgFe and NiFe ferrites increases strongly with the concentration of the antiferromagnetic NiO or α-Fe2O3 precipitate. This influence is explained by the ferrimagnetic-antiferromagnetic exchange interaction. A new method for evidencing antiferromagnetic precipitates in ferrites is proposed.

On montre que l'hysteresis de rotation des ferrites MgFe et NiFe dans les champs intenses augmente rapidement en fonction de la concentration du precipite antiferromagnetique NiO ou α-Fe2O3. Cette influence est expliquee par le couplage d'echange ferrimagnetique–antiferromagnetique. On propose une nouvelle methode pour mettre en evidence la presence du precipite antiferromagnetique dans les ferrites.


Abstract Asia has some of the fastest developing economies and largest conglomerations of populations in the world. One such geographically unique region is South Asia, which accounts for nearly 25% of the global population and one-fifth of the psychiatric morbidity worldwide. This region is also ageing rapidly compared to rest of the world due to modifications in healthcare facilities, hygiene, and lifestyle as well as improved sanitation and infection control. Besides, some of the South Asian countries have also been worst-hit by the COVID-19 pandemic which has led to an exaggerated psychosocial crisis among their older people. Many of these nations face issues with community psychiatric care, trained manpower, socio-economic resources, legislation catering to psychological care and health inequalities. However, recent years have also witnessed paradigm shift in mental health policies, infrastructure and technology among these nations. Climate changes, migration, displacement and ecological characteristics further make South Asia unique in mental health needs and challenges. With this background, leaders in the field of psychogeriatric care from some of the South Asian nations come together to discuss and highlight upcoming strategies for mental health advocacy and service delivery among older people in these regions. Mutual collaboration and cross-country research are globally called upon. Panelists: 1. Dr. Gautam Saha (President, Indian Psychiatric Society) firstname.lastname@example.com 2. Dr. G.Prasad Rao (President, Indian Association of Geriatric Mental Health) email@example.com 3. Dr. Sudarshan Narsingh (President, Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal & President, SAARC Psychiatric Federation) email@example.com 4. Dr. Wazizul Alam Chowdhury (President, Bangladesh Associa tion of Psychiatrists) email@example.com 5. Dr. Afzal Javed (President, World Psychiatric Association and Chairman, Pakistan Psychiatric Centre, Fountain House, Lahore) email@example.com Moderator: Dr. Debanjan Banerjee (Old Age Psychiatrist, NIMHANS, Bangalore; Member, IPA Public Awareness and Advocacy Committee) email@example.com


SYNOPSIS Objectives; To establish a method for nondestructive observation of bone in peri-implant tissue, we compare radiographs with soft X-ray, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Materials and Methods; After extraction of the 3rd incisors in the maxillary bone of beagle dogs (n=3), six titanium implants were placed in the bone. Two fluorescent dyes, calcein and alizarin red, were administered to the animals at different weeks. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after implantation, the animals were sacrificed and temporal patterns of new bone formation at the interface between implant and host bone were observed in undecalcified materials using soft X-ray, micro-CT and CLSM. Results; Bone density was analyzed with dental X-ray and soft X-ray. Micro-CT enables three-dimensional analysis of the bone in peri-implant tissue. CLSM had the advantage of enabling observation of the process of calcification at high magnification. In addition, the analysis of CLSM showed that a little newly formed bone appeared close to the host bone at 4 weeks after implantation, after which porous bone formation tended to increase with time up to 12 weeks, and filled the screw grooves of the implant. It was concluded that these three techniques are useful in assessing the relation of bone formation to implant design and surgical methods.


Due to the complexity of the working environment for the diesel generator set,a particular vibra tion isolation design is always incorporated to reduce the vibration and impact.For example,the vibration isolation system produced by MAN is equipped with the module of short-circuit fault protection so that the safety of generators is better ensured.However,MAN has never disclosed any information concerning the assessment methodology of the short-circuit impact.In this paper,the static and dynamic characteristics of the vibration isolator are analyzed.The detailed response of the system due to short-circuit faults is also calculated through a step-by-step integral procedure.The results are seen to be consistent with those pro vided by MAN,which validates the analysis regarding the short-circuit fault response of the vibration isola tors.Overall,this paper may serve as a good technical reference for the future design of competing prod ucts.


The Schur algorithm arises in connection with the approximation of functions bounded in the unit disk. For a limit periodic Schur algorithm $\{ T_n (z,w)\} $ it is shown that the truncation error is \[ \left| {T_n (z,0) - T(z)} \right| R' > \left| {\frac{{1 + \bar \gamma zw_1 }}{{1 + \bar \gamma zw_2 }}} \right|.\] Here $w_1 $ and $w_2 $ are the fixed points of the limit transformation $t(z,w) = {{(\gamma + zw)} /{(1 + \bar \gamma zw)}}$, $0 < | \gamma | < 1$. In the proof use is made of the facts \[ \mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } T_n^{ - 1} (\infty ) = w_1 ,\qquad \mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } T^{(n)} (w) = w_2 ,\] which are proved here.


Emerging applications such as VoIP, Multimedia streaming require certain Quality of Service(QoS) guarantees in order to satisfy the requirements of their users. In today's wireless LANs the administrator has little or no control over the amount of bandwidth consumed by different flows or even different traffic classes. Flow level control is beyond the capabilities of the current systems and is desirable in networks which have multiple input flows with different QoS requirements. Towards this end, we propose a probabilistic solution based on lottery scheduling between competing flows for a proportional allocation of the wireless bandwidth. Lottery scheduling when used in conjunction with policies (taken as input) provides a simple and scalable solution for flexible and fine-grained wireless bandwidth management. Our solution works across across different protocols and takes into account the traffic characteristics of the competing flows using the concept of ticket adjustments. We have implemented a prototype lottery scheduler on the madwifi wireless driver and found that it provides a flexible control over the wireless bandwidth, achieving the desired throughput proportions between the flows in the network.


In the development of HTS as a central paradigm of drug discovery, fluorescent reporter molecules have generally been adopted as the favored signal transducer. Nevertheless, luminescence has maintained a prominent position among certain methodologies, most notably genetic reporters. Recently, there has been growing partiality for luminescent assays across a broader range of applications due to their sensitivity, extensive linearity, and robustness to library compounds and complex biological samples. This trend has been fostered by development several new assay designs for diverse targets such as kinases, cytochrome p450's, proteases, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity. This review addresses recent progress made in the use of bioluminescent assays for drug discovery, highlighting new detection capabilities brought about by engineering luciferase enzymes and substrates. In reporter gene applications, modified luciferases have provided greatly improved expression efficiency in mammalian cells, improved responsiveness to changes of transcriptional rate, and increased the magnitude of the reporter response. Highly stabilized luciferase mutants have enabled new assays strategies for high-throughput screening based on detection of ATP and luciferin. Assays based on ATP support rapid analysis of cell metabolism and enzymatic processes coupled to ATP hydrolysis. Although luciferin is found natively only in luminous beetles, coupled assays have been designed using modified forms of luciferin requiring the action of second enzyme to yield luminescence. Due to the very low inherent background and protection of the photon-emitter afforded by the enzyme, bioluminescent assays often outperform the analogous fluorescent assays for analyses performed in multiwell plates.


The invention discloses a real time road condition based route planning method and service equipment thereof. The method comprises steps of: waiting and acquiring a current position of an object to be measured; acquiring a determined optimal route; acquiring time travelling from the current position to terminal points in the optimal route and initial road condition values; determining roads to bemeasured; setting an acquisition period and acquiring real time road condition values of each roads to be measured; calculating total weighted road condition change values according to a road condition planning strategy; determining whether the total weighted road condition change values is less than a pre-determined value; if it is, considering no need to plan an optimal route again and returning to operate the operation of waiting a current position of an object to be measured; if it is not, planing the optimal route again according to the current position and a destination, and returning to operate the operation of waiting a current position of an object to be measured. The real time road condition based route planning method and service equipment thereof provided by the invention can reduce planning times of a navigation route.


BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies have shown that disulfiram (DSF) has promising activity against glioblastoma (GBM) and is synergistic with temozolomide (TMZ). These studies have also suggested that the mechanism is related to the inhibition of proteasomal activity. METHODS: We conducted an open-label, dose-escalation pharmacodynamic study to combine DSF with maintenance TMZ for newly diagnosed GBM after radiation therapy (RT) and concurrent TMZ. The pharmacodynamic effect of DSF on proteasome inhibition was evaluated on peripheral bloods cells, with complete inhibition defined as at least 5 patients with 95% proteasome inhibition in a given cohort. Dose escalation occurred if both incomplete proteasome inhibition and less than 2 dose-limiting toxicities (2 DLTs) were observed in cohort 1. Cohort 1 and 2 received DSF 500 mg and 1000 mg daily, respectively. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is defined as the dose level immediately below the dose level at which at least 2 patients of a cohort experienced DLT during the first month of disulfiram. The primary endpoint was to assess the magnitude of proteasome inhibition by DSF. The secondary endpoint was to determine the MTD of DSF with TMZ. RESULTS: Seven patients were enrolled in cohort 1 (median duration of DSF: 55 days, range: 24-165), and five patients in cohort 2 (median: 15 days, range: 15-33). No DLT was observed in cohort 1, but 4 of 5 patients in cohort 2 stopped DSF during the first month due to toxicity, including 3 DLTs. Incomplete proteasome inhibition was observed at 500 mg level. Six of 7 patients in cohort 1 had progressed, with a median time to progression of 3.6 months (range: 1.6-6.8) from the start of DSF or 6.2 months (range: 4.2-9.5) from the start of RT. CONCLUSIONS: The MTD of DSF with TMZ is 500 mg daily, which is associated with incomplete proteasome inhibition.


Abstract : Our first request is for a high power diode-pumped and frequency-doubled solid-state pump laser, which will be used to upgrade an existing femtosecond laser system used in this research. Compared to our current argon-ion pump laser, the new solid-state pump laser will dramatically improve the stability, noise performance, and operating costs of our system, which we anticipate will significantly impact our research results. We also request a high-power diode laser which be used to pump home-built fiber-based ultrafast laser systems required for ultrafast pulse processing and optoelectronic computer networking experiments. Finally, we request funds for a spectrometer and CCD system which will provide both spatial and spectral diagnostics required for our research on space-time optical processing and on nonlinear optical generation of short wavelength light.


We report simultaneous measurements of the mean temperature profile θ (z) and temperature variance profile η(z) near the lower conducting plate of a specially designed quasi-two-dimensional cell for turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection. The measured θ (z) is found to have a universal scaling form θ (z/δ) with varying thermal boundary layer (BL) thickness δ, and its functional form agrees well with the recently derived BL equation by Shishkina et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 114302 (2015)]. The measured η(z), on the other hand, is found to have a scaling form η(z/δ) only in the near-wall region with z/δ 2. Based on the experimental findings, we derive a BL equation for η(z/δ), which is in good agreement with the experimental results. These BL equations thus provide a common framework for understanding the effect of BL fluctuations.


PT. Modera Furintraco Industri is a manufacturing company that produces office furniture, such as table, drawer, and office cabinet. Office furniture products manufactured by Modera use the main raw material, namely particle board. Errors in decision making in particle board supplies can affect the production cycle which has an impact on increasing waste, cost, and decreasing profit. Decision-making techniques such as the application of the Decision Support System (DSS) can be used to assist the decision-making process in the particle board inventory process in the warehouse of raw materials. The right decision-making analysis using system dynamics model can helps logistics managers in determining the right scenario in order to achieving optimal results. The AME calculation for model validation produces a value of 15.97% (raw material stock ready), 6.34% (customer demand), 13.06% (finished goods), and 3.53% (profit). The system dynamics model simulation results show that scenario 1 is the best decision scenario for companies with an average growth rate for ready stock raw materials variabel is 2288 pcs, customer demand is 393 pcs, finished goods is 376 pcs, and profit is Rp 92,140,000, 00-Rp 226,485,000.00.


Weather monitoring has always been an element of observatory operations. For a robotic telescope there is the added complication that software needs to understand the ever changing atmospheric observing conditions in order to respond in real time, continuously balancing the schedule for both facility calibrations (i.e., standard stars) and targeted observations according to the TAC-assigned science priorities. For the Liverpool Telescope, in the past year we have been testing a new multi-threaded approach. We have long operated a single-element, integrated-all-sky, 10 m bolometer on site. To this we have added real-time photometric monitoring of field stars around the science target and analysis of publicly accessible weather satellite images. This gives us three estimates of any night's photometricity; two ground-based looking up through the cloud (optical and thermal IR) and one satellite-based looking down at the observatory. We present a comparison of the results from the different methods and share our experiences selecting between the complementary data sets to support real-time observing decisions.


This study examines the data elements that are common to the BIS international financial statistics and other external statistics such as the Balance of Payments, International Investment Position and Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. We enlist several conceptual relationships between various data sources and demonstrate the validity of relationships with country data at an aggregate level. In addition, the differences between mirror data items provide deeper insight into relevant data sets. The paper's approach elucidates the methodological framework and data gaps, helping users to properly use the information. It also addresses quality issues and the statistical links between different domains.


RNA helicases are essential for virtually all cellular processes, however, their regulation is poorly understood. The activities of eight RNA helicases are required for pre-mRNA splicing. Amongst these, Brr2p is unusual in having two helicase modules, of which only the amino-terminal helicase domain appears to be catalytically active. Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we investigated interaction of the carboxy-terminal helicase module, in particular the carboxy-terminal Sec63-2 domain, with the splicing RNA helicase Prp16p. Combining mutations in BRR2 and PRP16 suppresses or enhances physical interaction and growth defects in an allele-specific manner, signifying functional interactions. Notably, we show that Brr2p Sec63-2 domain can modulate the ATPase activity of Prp16p invitroby interfering with its ability to bind RNA. We therefore propose that the carboxy-terminal helicase module of Brr2p acquired a regulatory function that allows Brr2p to modulate the ATPase activity of Prp16p in the spliceosome by controlling


Preface. 1. Two Stage Stochastic Linear Programs. 2. Sampling Within Stochastic Linear Programming. 3. Foundations of Stochastic Decomposition. 4. Stabilizing Stochastic Decomposition. 5. Stopping Rules for Stochastic Decomposition. 6. Guidelines for Computer Implementation. 7. Illustrative Computational Experiments. Glossary.


1.Abstract-We present a new method for lossless image compression that gives compression comparable to JPEG lossless mode with about five times the speed. Our method, called ELICS, is based on a novel use of two neighboring pixels for both prediction and error modeling. For coding we use single bits, adjusted binary codes, and Golomb Rice codes. For the latter we present and analyze a provably good method for estimating the single coding parameter. Efficient, lossless image compression system (ELICS) algorithm, which consists of simplified adjusted binary code and Golomb–Rice code with storage-less k parameter selection, is proposed to provide the lossless compression method for highthroughput applications. The simplified adjusted binary code reduces the number of arithmetic operation and improves processing speed. According to theoretical analysis, the storage-less k parameter selection applies a fixed value in Golomb–Rice code to remove data dependency and extra storage for cumulation table.


A time-delayed acceleration feedback control is proposed to improve the vibration performance of a nonlinear vehicle suspension system. First, the harmonic balance method is applied to obtain the vertical acceleration amplitude of the system excited by simple harmonic road excitation. Then, taking the amplitude of the sprung mass acceleration and control force into account, the single-objective and multiple-objective optimization problems of time-delayed feedback control parameters, respectively, are discussed. Finally, the mathematical simulation is provided to verify the correctness of the optimization results. It is concluded that the nonlinear suspension with optimal time-delayed feedback control has better vibration control performance compared to passive one. The acceleration amplitude of the sprung mass is significantly reduced by the single-objective optimization of the control parameters. Moreover, when the optimal time delay is introduced, the active control force input is fewer than that without time delay. The phenomenon of energy transfer between the sprung mass and the unsprung mass is observed in some road-excitation frequencies.


The present study intends to detach the function of the prudence in the application of the normative outlines. These count typical precepts for the generality of the acquaintanceship situations. But, the concrete cases present important circunstances that need to be considered. The way for the resolution of the norm-case dilemma is in the prudential construction of the decisions. Like this, the judge can, without forget about the immanent theology to the system, to translate, for the concrete case, through hermeneutics procedures studied along this work, the axiological demands that the hypothesis complains.


Purposes of this study were to determine the relative importance of organic matter and mineral matter to marsh vertical accretion and to determine if insufficient vertical accretion was a factor in land loss in a Terrebonne Basin (Louisiana, USA) marsh. '"CS dating indicated that vertical accretion (0.98 cm yr-l) was extremely rapid relative to other marshes, but insufficient to counter submergence (1.38 cm yr-'). Mineral and organic matter accumulation were similar to that in other marshes. Variation in vertical accretion was accounted for by variation in organic matter accumulation rather than mineral matter accumulation: thus, inadequate vertlcal accretion resulted from inadequate organic matter accumulation. Inadequate organic matter accurnulat~on (593 g m-2 yr') was attributed to inadequale plant production resulting primarily from flooding stresses; inadequate mineral matter accumulation (1629 g m-' yr-') was attributed to inadequate mineral matter availability. These data suggest that this marsh 1s threatened by a positive feedback loop of plant flooding stress and inadequate vertical accretion. Inadequate plant growth limits vertical accretion, which further increases flooding and decreases plant proditction. Thus plant production, which has previously been considered only in the context of trophic dynamics, also partly determines the degree of submergence some coastal and estuarine marshes will tolerate.


The nitro group of dioxapyrrolomycin (1) was shown to be introduced via direct biochemical nitration in cultures of the producing organism Streptomyces fumanus containing K15N18O3 as the sole source of nitrogen; the nitro group of dioxapyrrolomycin produced under these conditions contained the same ratio of 18O to 15N as was present in the labelled nitrate precursor, the extent of 18O enrichment of the nitro group being determined by negative electron impact mass spectrometry and 15N n.m.r. spectroscopy.


Good administration abilities are fundamental for any association to succeed and accomplish its objectives and goals. A director who encourages great administration aptitudes can drive the organization's crucial vision or business objectives forward with less obstacles and complaints from inside and outside sources. Management and leadership skills are often used interchangeably as they both involve planning, decision-making, problem-solving, communication, delegation, and time management. This study is about evaluation of It Employees and the Management Skills used by them in professional and personal life. IT Employees are technically very sound. They have Technical skills. But it many times we do not consider the Management Skills used by them in the work and personal situation. Pune is fast racing to the top slots in the Indian software industry. Till some years ago, people living in Mumbai thought of Pune as the ideal place to get away for a weekend. About a 5-hour drive from Bombay, Pune seemed an idyllic place with a laid-back attitude. But how the little town has metamorphosed into a buzzing metropolis Pune is today fast emerging as an InfoTech hub, challenging biggies like Bangalore and Mumbai to emerge as one of the top contenders for the 'Silicon Valley of India' slot. In this project author work on to study the Information Technology Industry of India and its effect and to do the Evaluation of the Employees of Information Technology Industry, to study the functions, managerial qualities and principles of Management, to find out the benefits of using Management Skills by Employees of Information Technology Industry in professional life, to find out the benefits of using Management Skills by Employees of Information Technology Industry in personal life., to analyze the experience of IT Customer from IT Employees in connection to Management skills. To gives suggestion to gain knowledge of Management skills and use of Management skills by Employees of Information Technology in Professional and Personal life. In this study the research problems will be to evaluate the IT Employees by various aspects like what is Education? Do they have learned additional skill during job, what is their satisfaction level in job? What is their interested area of work? These are the research problems for evaluation of IT Employees. Other aspect of this study is about using Management skills in professional and personal life. In this regard following research problems can be studied. Do they have Management skills? Where does they use? How they use? How does it beneficial to IT Employees to use Management skills? Does it have any relation to reduce the stress? How they can raise productivity by using Management skills? How personal life effect on professional life of IT Employees? Does IT Employees like social life? All these are basic question for this topic. By asking these type of question it may help the researcher to reach output. Index Terns: Critical Evaluation of IT Employees, Management Skills in professional and Personal Life, IT Industry.


Location of ova in cleared oviducts was compared in rabbits given HCG (Group I), HCG with artificial insemination (Group II), and in naturally mated rabbits (Group Ill). Forty-eight hours after the ovulatory stimulus, ova were located significantly deeper in oviducts of Group II than in Groups I and Ill. By 60 h location of ova in the oviduct was not different between groups. However, at 60 and 66 h a considerable number of ova had entered the uterus in Groups I and II, but not in Group III. By 72 h the majority of ova had entered the uterus in Groups I and II and entry had begun in Group Ill. The majority of ova did not enter the uterus in Group III until between 78 and 84 h after mating. Sections of oviducts examined histologically indicated that fertilized and unfertilized ova travelled at the same rate in individual rabbits until uterine entry


Objective: To analyze the effect and factors that influence upon the remedial results of TKR for Knee OA. Methods:22 cases (24knees) of Knee OA were treated with TKR from January 1993 to June 1998.Results:All patients werefollowed up for average 82 months (56~120 months) and analyzed using the HSS score system. The excellent and good rate was 87.5%. Conclusions:The operation of TKR is satisfied in the treatment of sever Knee OA.Selection of patients,operative skills and precision of prosthesis installation,postoperative exercise all influence upon the remedial results.


Based on the theory of ecological footprint,this paper calculates the arable land,pasture,water area,forestland,fossil energy,residential land and the total ecological footprints from 1980 to 2007 in Hubei province.By the use of cointegration theory and the error correction model,the long-run equilibrium and short-term fluctuation relationships between GDP and various types of ecological footprints are researched.The results show that cointegration relationships exist between GDP and the ecological footprint,arable land,fossil energy and residential land footprint.There is no cointegration relationship between GDP and pasture,water area,forestland footprints.Furthermore,through the Granger causal test,one-way Granger causal relationships exist from GDP to fossil energy,residential land,total ecological footprint,and one-way Granger causal relationship exists from arable land footprint to GDP.This shows that in order to maintain a certain degree of economic growth,it has resulted in excessive energy consumption.At the same time,economic growth has a strong dependence on biological resources.In order to ensure sustainable economic development in Hubei Province,the resources-dependent and energy-consumption economy growth mode should be changed.


A long‐acting synthetic analogue of LHRH [D‐Ser (TBU)6 EA10 LHRH] was administered intramuscularly to thirteen normal women in the early‐to‐mid follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Six women received a single injection of 5 μg of analogue and seven received 10 μg of the analogue, followed by 20 and 10 μg at 10 and 24 h after the first injection, respectively. The concentrations of LH, FSH and oestradiol in plasma were measured before, and at intervals up to 72 h after treatment. In the group receiving 5 μg of analogue the concentrations of both LH and FSH rose rapidly to a peak value five times the pre‐injection value, 5 h after injection. The concentrations of both gonadotrophins remained elevated for 10 h, but 24 h after injection had returned to control values. The concentration of oestradiol rose progressively to reach a peak value 7 h after injection. In the second group of women, receiving three injections of analogue, there was a rapid twelvefold increase in the concentration of LH in plasma within 4 h of the initial injection, and plasma concentrations remained elevated for 10 h. The concentration of FSH rose progressively to a peak value, five times the pretreatment value, 5 h after the initial injection and was still elevated after 10 h. The concentrations of both gonadotrophins remained elevated above pretreatment values for at least 34 h after the start of treatment. The concentration of oestradiol rose gradually to a peak value 7 h after the initiation of treatment and remained elevated for 34 h. These results indicate that a single injection of the LHRH analogue is effective in demonstrating pituitary secretory activity, but repeated applications are required to induce and maintain a rise in plasma LH similar in magnitude and duration to the pre‐ovulatory, mid‐cycle surge. This analogue of LHRH provides a simple means of evaluation of the secretory capacity of the anterior pituitary.


"Levav" is a dating and matchmaking service which provides services to learning disabled and minimally retarded people. Levav tries to assist all these people to leave their loneliness behind, to find a life partner and to live their lives away from the isolated "greenhouse" of living with their parents. This applies to people who after organized studies are not always accepted in the army, and then one day they find that they have nowhere to go, they do not belong to any framework. Their parents are helpless and unable to assist them. The young people have grown up and become adults, but they are withdrawn from society, and this very often causes them to feel a lack of motivation in their everyday life. At "Levav" it was decided that it was essential to find a framework for them, that it was veiy wrong to neglect such a sensitive group. The people who operate "Levav" are Leah Gilad and Gila Maor on the organizational side, and Malka Reifen and Rivka Plato on the professional side. "Levav" has been in operation since 1990 and works towards assisting this socially inadequate group, sensitively and patiently. We formed a staff that is made up of four people who were formerly involved in education. We studied the subject in depth, and saw that there was a very real need and that people are crying out for help. We first offered our services to the general public and were inundated with calls from parents who pleaded for a framework that would take their young people both boys and girls out of the house at least once a week, a framework that would give them an opportunity to meet other young people, and perhaps even find a life partner. The staff of "Levav" organizes meetings between the young people, and carefully screens them and assists in matching the correct couples. The process of introduction is veiy different from a normal dating service. The parents are in the picture from the first moment. Firstly, the four staff members meet the parents, interview them and obtain exact information from them about their son or daughter. Thereafter they meet the young


The 3D structure of proteins is constrained by some interactions between distant amino acids in the primary sequences. An accurate prediction of these bonds may be a step forward for the prediction of the 3D structure from sequences. A review of the literature raises questions about the role of the neighbourhood of bonded amino acids in the formation of these bonds. We show that we have to investigate uncommon learning frameworks to answer these questions. The first one is a particular case of semi-supervised learning, in which the only labelled data to learn from belong to one class, and the second one considers that the data are subject to class-conditional classification noise. We show that learning in these frameworks leads to ill-posed problems. We give some assumptions that make these problems well-posed. We propose adaptations of well-known methods to these learning frameworks. We apply them to try to answer the questions on the biological problem considered in this study


Abstract This resource is a standardized patient case used to assess the interpersonal and communication skills of a resident who is asking a patient to consent to a procedure. It has been used wit...


Abstract : With the recent rapid growth of the World Wide Web, the advent of commodity internet access via modems, and the slower but steady proliferation of mobile computing devices, more and more users are accessing internet services from computationally capable machines connected via low-speed communication links. While many such services only offer access to static, unchanging documents, the number of "online" services offering access to frequently updated information is growing rapidly. While systems have been developed to optimize document access in the presence of constrained communication, their approaches do not handle access to online services well.


Zinc (Zn, Zn2+) is an essential nutrient that has multiple fundamental functions in the developing and adult nervous system.1-5 Zinc is a structural and regulatory catalyst ion for all major classes of enzymes6; it stabilizes zinc-finger proteins involved in transcriptional regulation and protein maturation7, functions as an intracellular signaling molecule,5 and is released from glutamatergic terminals modulating several receptors and ion channels2,8-10 (Figure). Through these multiple mechanisms, Zn has a critical role in neurogenesis, cell survival, redox signaling, synaptic plasticity, and immune modulation.4,11-15 Zinc homeostasis is tightly regulated by Zn transport proteins of the ZIP (SLC30) and ZnT (SLC39) families16-18 and by its buffering by metallothioneins (MTs).19-21 Both deficiency and excess of Zn have deleterious effects in the nervous system.1,14,22,23 While Zn deficiency impairs neurogenesis12 and immune function,24 excessive accumulation of cytosolic Zn2+ triggers oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and other processes leading to cell toxicity and neurodegeneration.5,22,23,25-28 This brief review will focus on key aspects of Zn homeostasis and functions and its potential toxic effects in the nervous system.


ATTEMPTS to develop food products that might lower the concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum stem from the incontrovertible association of hyperIipideemia and coronary artery disease. It has been an almost universal finding that survivors of myocardial infarction have on average higher serum lipid levels than controls matched for age and sex. This difference is particularly striking among younger subjects in whom hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglycerideemia can nearly always be demonstrated if coronary disease is present. I, 2 Prospective studies have been equally unequivocal, and there has not been a prospective study in which the incidence of hypercholesteroleemia has not been matched by a correspondingly higher incidence of coronary heart disease.v 4 The data for hypertriglyceridremia are less extensive but point to similar conclusions," 6


To the Editor.— Dr Norbert Gleicher 1 frankly addresses the fact that while in high-risk centers the cesarean section rate leveled out at 12% to 15%, it continued rising to 30% to 35% in surburban hospitals. He correctly comments, "Only the media noted the difference. Medical organizations never did." Nonetheless, some of his suggestions are not beyond dispute. In the 1960s, peer review committees blindly adhered to the prevailing misconception that the rate of cesarean sections should not exceed 4% to 5%. Progress came through the effort of those physicians who dared to defy the authorities of the time. I do not consider fetal scalp blood sampling helpful in reducing cesarean section rates since it is relatively inaccurate, 2 exposes the fetus to infection, 3 and serves as a relative contraindication to the use of the vacuum extractor, 4 which in our service is the


The invention provides a multistage screw drive large-stroke automatic underprop tool, and relates to an underprop tool. The tool solves the problems that an existing hydraulic underprop is large in size, small in telescopic ratio and inconvenient to carry. An underprop base is fixed at the lower end of an outer shell, a motor mounting rack is fixedly mounted on the upper end face of the underprop base, a driving gear is arranged on an output shaft of a motor, two planetary external gears are meshed with the driving gear simultaneously, installed on a planet gear shaft through cylindrical roller bearings and meshed with a planetary internal gear at the same time, an outer telescopic supporting cylinder is fixed to the upper end of the planetary internal gear, a first outer supporting cylinder on the outer telescopic supporting cylinder is connected with the outer shell through a deep groove ball bearing and an angular contact ball bearing, the deep groove ball bearing, a bearing check ring and the angular contact ball bearing are arranged from top to bottom, an inner telescopic supporting cylinder is arranged between the motor and the outer telescopic supporting cylinder, and the top of the inner telescopic supporting cylinder is connected with a fifth outer supporting cylinder. The tool is mainly used for propping up large-weight objects.


The government hopes to lease much of the nation's coastline to oil developers, a plan that would increase the country's petroleum reserves by 50 percent. However, in many states the plan faces strong opposition. Opponents have claimed that the plan fails to include environmental safeguards for sensitive marine environments.


Charge-carrier density in Bi-2212 oxide superconductor samples with well-defined cation molecularity has been measured by means of ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{III}}$ x-ray absorption spectroscopy, as a function of the oxygen content, which was fixed to known values by annealing at predetermined $T$ and $P({\mathrm{O}}_{2}),$ and subsequent quenching. The main results of this work can be summarized as follows: (i) at low oxygen content the hole density is greater than that one determined by the oxygen excess only; (ii) at intermediary oxygen content values the hole density is almost entirely determined by the oxygen excess only; each extra oxygen atom contributes two holes to the overall charge-carrier density; (iii) for the highest values of the oxygen content, each extra oxygen atom contributes only one hole to the overall charge-carrier density. From these results a band model is drawn in which the extra oxygen levels lie in energy near the Fermi level.


The invention relates to an intelligent feeder line automation method in an autonomous self-healing distribution network, comprising the following steps that the topological structure chart of the distribution network is stored to each intelligent terminal, and the intelligent terminals generate a self-healing strategy base according to the topological chart; a protector carries out wireless communication with the intelligent terminals, and the intelligent terminals also carry out the wireless communication with each other; the protector and the intelligent terminals judge the fault to be a temporary fault or a permanent fault according to a fault signal obtained by communication, if the fault is the temporary fault, the protector closes a transformer substation outlet switch, and if the fault is the permanent fault, the protector recloses the transformer substation outlet switch twice, and the intelligent terminals select a self-healing strategy from the self-healing strategy base to carry out fault self-healing processing. In the intelligent distribution network, each intelligent terminal comprises a storage module, a strategy base generating module, a communication module, a first switch control module and a master control module, and the protector comprises a communication module and a second switch control module. The invention can process faults on the spot and improve the system reliability.


Delusional parasitosis is a mental disorder that is easy to identify but difficult to treat. Patients have the fixed belief that they are invaded by parasites, bacteria or other bugs. Although it is a mental disorder most of the patients consult dermatologists, because usually "symptoms" become manifest on the skin. Behavior of the dermatologist is especially important for the success of the treatment, because most of the patients would never consult a psychiatrist or psychologist. This article gives some advices for a successful management of delusional parasitosis despite the different discipline of the illness.


The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mandates that all pharmacies provide customers with patient medication instruction (PMI) when distributing new prescription drugs. The information sheets describe instructions on proper usage and possible hazardous effects of the drug. The PMI is recommended to be written at a 6th grade reading level. Previous research has shown that the material found on patient medication instructions is written above the 6th grade reading level and that comprehension is directly correlated with reading and education levels. This study builds on previous work by showing that error rates, even among participants with college level reading skills, remains unacceptably high and that error rates are highest when the misunderstanding of an instruction is likely to cause greater harm.


The perioperative management of diabetic patients is complex and requires knowledge of the patients' pathophysiology, current regimen, and proposed surgical procedure. This chapter addresses perioperative risks, as well as the formulation of both goals of management and perioperative plan in the pediatric patient with diabetes. This chapter will enable the reader to differentiate appropriate preoperative metabolic control from nonoptimal control in a diabetic child, define the perioperative risks and complications for diabetic patients, describe perioperative goals in the management of children with diabetes and conceptualize a perioperative plan to meet these goals, and learn how to effectively manage life-threatening complications such as severe hypoglycemia.


During the epoch of reionization, Ly-α photons emitted by the first stars can couple the neutral hydrogen spin temperature to the kinetic gas temperature, providing an opportunity to observe the gas in emission or absorption in the 21-cm line. Given the bright foregrounds, it is particularly important to determine the fluctuation signature of the signal precisely, so as to be able to extract it by its correlation power. LICORICE is a Monte-Carlo radiative transfer code, coupled to the dynamics via an adaptative Tree-SPH code. We present here the Ly-α part of the implementation and validate it through three classical tests. Unlike previous works, we do not assume that Pα, the number of scatterings of Ly-α photons per atom per second, is proportional to the Ly-α background flux, but take the scatterings in the Ly-α line wings into account. The latter have the effect of steepening the radial profile of Pα around each source, and re-inforce the contrast of the fluctuations. In the particular geometry of cosmic filaments of baryonic matter, Ly − α photons are scattered out of the filament, and the large-scale structure of Pα is significantly anisotropic. This could have strong implications for the possible detection of the 21-cm signal.


This paper deals with the two research lines being handled in European Train Control System (ETCS) Advanced Testing and Smart Train Positioning System (EATS) project (FP7-TRANSPORT-31429). On one hand it aims at providing an advance in the ETCS standard interpretation and testing, in order to reduce the time and effort in the verification and certification process using an on-board European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS) Golden Reference Model, fault injection in interfaces, dynamic behaviour emulators of the wireless interfaces and integration of existing onsite testing solutions with ETCS laboratory. On the other hand, it deals with the accurate and reliable determination of train position and integrity by mean the definition of a new Smart Train Positioning System (STPS), including multiconstellation Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), alternative sources for positioning as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Global System for Mobile Communications - Railway (GSM-R), optimized grid of directional antennas to reduce the effect of multipath fading and determine the signal's angle of arrival for GSM-R and multiple receiver network.


Groin hernias are most common among patients presenting with hernia. Males have more predisposition mainly due to anatomy. However, females with groin hernia present with varied abdominal contents including ovaries and fallopian tubes. The worrisome feature of inguinal hernia with ovaries/fallopian tubes as content is torsion. Uncomplicated groin hernia with ovaries as content is managed with conventional laparoscopic or open hernia repair. Young females with groin hernias need to be evaluated thoroughly for features of androgen insensitivity syndrome or any underlying genetic disorder. A 12 years young female presented to our OPD with chief complaints of swelling in the right inguinal region for 6 months. Patient had not achieved menarche yet, however development milestones were found to be normal. On general physical examinations, deformities were noted in the right ear and left upper limb. On local examination, swelling of approximately 3x3 cm was noted in the right inguinal region. An ultrasonography scan of whole abdomen and pelvis which was suggestive of right inguinal hernia containing right ovary with malposition of the right kidney in the pelvis. Consequently, MRI whole abdomen with pelvis confirmed the findings of USG. Patient was taken for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. There was right sided indirect inguinal hernia with right ovary as content and a solid mass was also noted in the right pelvic region suggestive of right pelvic kidney. Right ovary was reduced back to the abdomen with transection of the right round ligament and the defect was closed back with interrupted 3'0 Vicryl sutures. Postoperative course was uneventful. Patient was counselled for genetic analysis to rule out any syndrome association. Uncomplicated groin hernia in young females and paediatric age groups with ovarian content can be easily managed with laparoscopic repair. Early intervention should be advised to prevent ovarian torsion and hence long term morbidity.


Introduction: The diag- nosis, treatment and prognosis of functional and morphological changes in the craniofacial complex are deeply involved in aspects of growth and development of the human face. Once diagnosed the Class III malocclusion, the therapy should be instituted as early as possible to prevent or intercept the malocclusion, and avoiding or preventing a worse situation. Ob- jective: This article aims to present a literature review of the functional matrix theory and action of Functional Regulator 3 appliance of Frankel (FR-3), with an example of a case. Literature Review: The FR-3 is an appliance developed for treatment of young patients with Class III malocclusion of Angle. In general, it acts on the etiological aspects in muscle imbal- ance and re-educate the neuromuscular system. Conclusion: The preventive and intercepting treatment with functional regulators are orthopedic, atraumatic and, in accordance with the cited authors, in the studied case ensures resolution of the problem. The social and psychological implications of the dentition and its role in physiological activities suggest that the Class III malocclusion treatment should be considered as a public health service.


Crowdshipping has emerged as an avenue to provide sustainable option for the future of urban package delivery. The main challenge in crowdshipping realm is to maintain sustainable network of customers (demand) and couriers (supply). To help resolving the challenge, this research offers a comprehensive approach to examine market potential of bicycle crowdshipping through concurrent evaluation of its supply and demand side, which thus far has been absent from the literature. By deploying discrete choice models, the study generated supply, demand, and market equilibrium model to aid crowdshipping platform in understanding influential service attributes and its effect to the market penetration level. The research concluded adjustable delivery time window as a key differentiating attribute to entice customer preference towards crowdshipping. According to the model. demand side of bicycle crowdshipping was found to be highly elastic towards price, while oppositely supply side of crowdshipping is rather inelastic towards monetary compensation.


In this research I empirically study the effects of information acquisition by investors or traders on analysts' forecast bias. Based on the theoretical literature on sell-side analysts, I argue that forecast bias is correlated to investors' information gathering, in two opposite directions. On the one hand, higher levels of reading activities about individual firms by investors induce analysts to issue more optimistic forecasts if the potential for trading is higher. On the other hand, higher levels of reading activities about individual firms by investors help them identify opportunistic behaviors and thus to discipline analysts. I find that investors' information acquisition is positively related to analysts' optimism when the potential for trading is larger, and negatively related to optimism when investors are more likely to identify inflated forecasts. Together, these results suggest that information acquisition is not only correlated to analysts' optimism but also that its effect does not work trivially and solely in one direction but it activates two different incentives in analysts' decisions.


Microfinance is the provision of thrift, credit and financial services to low income clients,lending groups including consumers and the self employed who traditionally lack access tobanking and related services. In recent time micro finance has received increased attentionamong the researchers and financial service providers, as a good alternative in the rural creditmarket. Various studies exposed that micro finance is a powerful tool for poverty alleviation,enabling the poor to accumulate the assets, boost their incomes, and reduce their economicsusceptibility. Microfinance is a broad category of services which include microcredit.Microcredit can be defined as the provision of credit services to poor clients. There aredifferent models of microfinance to serve the poor people like Grameena Bank model, Self-Help Group bank-linkage programme model, Microfinance Institution model, Bankcorrespondent model, and Bank partnership model. At present, self-help group Bank Linkageprogramme model and the Micro Finance Institution model for delivery of microfinance inIndia is working on large scale as compare to other models. Self-help group Bank Linkageprogramme model is recognized as largest micro finance programme all over the world interm of coverage. This paper attempts to focus on status of Microfinance and its deliverymodel prevailing in India.


Some individuals are susceptible to the action of certain foreign substances. The urticarial rashes brought on by strawberries, the eczematoid dermatoses due to various proteins or food products, the asthma caused by white of egg, the hay-fever or asthma caused by pollens of plants or by inhalations of animal emanations or derivatives, the skin reaction to tuberculin, and the various symptoms following the use of certain drugs are specific examples of such idiosyncrasies. Symptoms commonly observed in hypersensitive individuals are: (1) urticarial or eczematoid rashes; (2) gastro-intestinal disturbances; (3) those characterized as asthma, or (4) those indicating exaggerated pharmacologic action of the antigenic drug. Among the drugs to which man manifests this idiosyncrasy is quinin. This fact has long been known. An attempt to develop a specific skin reaction to quinin was successfully made by Boerner. 1 By applying quinin bisulphate to a skin scarification made on himself and a


A dramatic clash in October 2010 between the proponents of the Hungarian home· birth movement and state authonlles saw Dr Agnes Gercb, a highly respected obstetncian-midwife, shackled m public and sentenced to prison for allegedly cuusing the death of two newborns and injuring others. At time of writing she is still under house arrest (Hill2012). For the pas\20 years Dr Gereb and her group of independent midwives, doulas, and birth odvocmes hll\'e been pressuring the government to regulale home-birth in Hungary to create a legal framework that allows women to take advantage of !heir constitutional freedom to choose where and how they give birth. After more than two decades of intermittent negotiations with various governments, the difference in values between a loose coalition of activists and the Hungarian legal and medical establishments escalated to the level of open confrontation and ucute crisis. This conflict culminated in the incarceration, !rial, and imprisonment of Dr Gereb and brought the Hungarian home-birth movement to the national and imemational stage. The perceived injustices inflicted on Dr Gereb triggered the emergence of the Hungarian home-binh movemenl. Outraged by the treatment of its chief protagonisl, the home-birth movement mobilized its previously dormant and largely disconnected network of activistS and supporters. The result was ~ creative, social-media-enhanced, national and international mobilization and petition-drive to free Dr Gereb and establish midwifeor physician-attended home-birth as a legal practice. The pressure from domestic constituents and international experts and organizations eventually shamed the conservative-nationalist government into legalizing home-birth in March 2011 (2011 No. 35 Konnci11y rrmdelet). However, the price of legalization was strict regulation with prohibitively high insurance premiums and the expectation that participating doctors and midwives would have


Eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) and long pulse optical thermography (LPOT) as two emerging nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) techniques have been recently used for defect evaluation in many scenarios. This paper focuses on detecting the flat bottom hole (FBH) defects in an aluminium specimen by using both techniques. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to enhance the FBH detection. The comparative results show that although LPOT has the advantage of a larger detection area and higher efficiency, the ECPT has a better performance compared to LPOT in detecting FBH defects in the aluminium specimen.


The present invention relates to a hydrophobic anti-reflective substrate, and a manufacturing method, the solar cell module comprising them. The invention comprising: a substrate; And nano-structure formed on the substrate, the nano-structure layer having nano-pores formed between parts of the nano-structure portion; And it provides a solar cell module including a substrate and this hydrophobic anti-reflection comprising a hydrophobic coating layer formed on the nano-structure. The present invention is a first step of forming a nano-gap portion nanostructured layer has formed between the nano-structure and the nano-structure on a substrate; And it provides a method for preparing a hydrophobic anti-reflective substrate comprising a second step of forming a hydrophobic coating layer on the nano-structure. According to the invention, the nano-structure of the porous layer is formed on the substrate, the nano-structure layer, the hydrophobic coating layer is formed has a large superhydrophobic water droplet contact angle. Further, due to the surface nano-structure of a porous optical refractive index smaller has a low reflectivity, i.e., high anti-reflective properties, the same time has a high light transmittance.


This paper documents the use of an isothermal calorimeter as a scanning tool to evaluate early-age behavior of high-volume fly ash mixtures. A series of paste and mortar mixtures containing different fly ashes (one Class C fly ash and two Class F fly ashes) with replacement levels ranging from 20% to 60% and high- and low-alkali cement was evaluated. Materials testing included ASTM C109, compressive strength of mortar cubes at different ages; ASTM C1437, flow; ASTM C403, time of setting; and ASTM C1679, isothermal calorimetry. In most cases, for the same water–binder ratio (0.40) and replacement level, Class C fly ash mixtures exhibited higher strength but delayed setting compared with Class F fly ash mixtures. Isothermal calorimetry proved to be a good scanning tool for predicting setting time and early-age compressive strength and for identifying materials incompatibility.


In this paper, the influence of a limited number of radio frequency connections between two Rayleigh fading environments, also known as the keyhole effect, is theoretically investigated for higher-order MIMO systems. It is shown that the effect of a limited number of keyholes is kept stable or is even reduced as the number of keyholes is equal to or larger than the MIMO system order. The results are relevant for over-the-air testing with connected Rayleigh fading systems, such as a channel emulator connected to a reverberation chamber, or a reverberation chamber connected to another reverberation chamber (nested reverberation chambers).


Abstract The activity of selected antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in erythrocytes, and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in blood plasma and erythrocytes, were determined in people subjected to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy due to sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Venous blood samples were taken immediately before entering the hyperbaric chamber and 5 min after leaving it. In the study group, two age subgroups were distinguished: group I consisting of subjects under 35 and group II consisting of subjects over 50. The obtained values were analysed statistically using Student's t-test. Differences were considered as statistically significant at p < 0.05. A statistically significant decrease in the CAT activity was shown 5 min after leaving the hyperbaric chamber in pooled subjects (p < 0.01) and group I (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a statistically significant decrease in the erythrocyte TBARS concentration was observed in group II (p < 0.05). It was demonstrated that a single exposure to hyperbaric oxygen affects the oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium as evidenced by, e.g., a statistically significant decrease in the activity of catalase in erythrocytes. It is possible that the antioxidant response to HBO depends on the age of subjects.


7-amino cephalosporin acid(7-ACA),an important intermediate of cephalosporinic antibiotics,is of great value in the medical industry.The cephalosporin C(CPC) acylase gene was synthesized and expressed in recombinant E.coli to develop an efficient single step enzymatic bioconversion of 7-ACA from CPC by using CPC acylase.A CPC acylase gene was designed in two fragments based on the protein sequence of cephalosporin acylase Ⅱ in Pseudomonas sp.SE83 for artificial gene synthesis after global optimization of the rare codon usage frequency,reduction of(GC) content and modification of restriction sites,etc.The full length target gene of CPC acylase was successfully achieved by assembly polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and further cloned into an inducible expression vector of pET-28a.A recombinant E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28-acy was constructed to implement induced over expression of the synthesized CPC acylase gene.With IPTG induction in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium,the recombinant expressed a large amount of soluble CPC acylase accounting for 75% of the total cellular protein.The CPC acylase activity accumulated in the recombinant E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28-acy in an optimal flask culture reached as high as 2 956 U/L.This CPC acylase production is a promising industrial one-step enzymatic production method for 7-ACA.


Abstract:Migrant care work in private households has become an important, but often illegal, source of long-term care provision in several European countries. The 2007 reform of "24-hour care work" in Austria was a comprehensive attempt to regularize previously illegal arrangements. Building on in-depth interviews with migrant care workers from Slovakia and Bulgaria, this article explores the impacts of the legalization for their decisions to work in this sector, for social protection, career plans, and working conditions. It is argued that the reform was successful in terms of take-up and providing social protection, while career and working conditions remain highly precarious.


The speeches and articles of Amílcar Cabral represent an attempt to think of imperialism and the colonial relationship in a new way. His published works sought to explain how a subsistence agricultural society was being transformed under the abnormal conditions attendant upon colonial domination. Superficially, Cabral does not present any new or particularly complex interpretation of colonialism. With the exception of a few rather brief essays, most of his work is a description of a guerrilla war fought against the last of the great colonial powers. Yet the appearance of the terms 'mode of production' and 'productive forces' indicates that his understanding of imperialism is founded on a new set of presuppositions. Cabral used these terms before they became common among the ranks of the 'advanced left', and at a time when the concept of the mode of production was essentially a possession of Soviet Marxism. In the early 1960s, Soviet visions of the 'Asiatic Mode of Production' were achieving much the same effect as modernisation theory in the West. That most of Cabral's important essays were written at this time only emphasises the innovativeness of his work.


Remdesivir is a broad spectrum anti-viral drug that has shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. In absence of any effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), Remdesivir has been tried for a compassionate use in severe COVID-19. Remdesivir has shown promise in the management of patients with COVID-19 although recent studies have shown concerns with its effectiveness and safety in practice. Despite this there is a need to document potential Adverse drug Reaction (ADR) to guide future decisions. We describe 2 cases of Suspected Remdesivir-induced hyperammonemia (SRIH) in patients with normal liver function. Serum ammonia levels was raised much above the baseline after a fortnight of therapy. After completion of the therapy, there was gradual improvement and normalization of serum ammonia levels. This suggested a causal relationship which was possibly due to the administration of Remdesivir drug. With the increasing use, physicians should be aware of this potential ADR of Remdesivir and evaluate ammonia levels in patients taking Remdesivir who present with alterations in mental status.


for an Invited Paper for the MAR05 Meeting of The American Physical Society Self-assembly on curved surfaces: a tool to generate novel Nano-Materials FRANCESCO STELLACCI, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT It is known that thiolated molecules spontaneously form poly-crystalline self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on flat gold surfaces. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies have shown that, in SAMs composed of more than one type of molecule (mixed-SAMs), domains of random shape and size phase-separate. Here we will show that, when mixed SAMs are formed on gold nano-crystals with a radius of curvature < 20 nm, they spontaneously phase-separate into highly ordered domains of unprecedented size. In the case of binary mixture of thiolated ligands on gold particles, domains, only 0.5 nm wide, of alternating composition encircling or spiraling around the metallic core spontaneously assemble. This new family of nano-structured nano-materials[1] shows properties that are determined by this unique morphology, such as solubility. Also, due to the ordered alternation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, surfaces coated with these particles show the ability of suppressing protein nonspecific adsorption. Recent results show that these particles can be forced to assemble into chains, rings and triangles. [1] Jackson A. M., Myerson J. W., Stellacci F. Nature Materials, 3, 330, 2004


For resolving the broad measuring date error and instability of BSP big ladle turret electronic balance , after analysis, I found that there are serious faults at originally design of balance mechanism and load cell's selection, on farther analysis ,I improved the balance's mechanical and electric part, reach a higher measure precision of 3‰ that can satisfy the designing requirement.


Background: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) in form of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important treatment procedure in Paediatric Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) management. It is cost effective and materials are easily sourced for in the developing countries. There is paucity of sub-Saharan Africa data on the use of PD in paediatric AKI, hence this study. Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study of cohort of children who were admitted into Emergency Paediatrics Unit of Department of Paediatrics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, and had PD done between July 1st, 2007 and July 31st, 2019. Age, gender, cause of AKI, indication for dialysis, type of dialysis fluid and peritoneal access used, duration, complication and outcome were documented. Results: A total number of 11 children who had acute PD due to AKI during the duration were studied with male preponderance of 8 (72.7%) and majority (81.8%) belonging to lower social class (IV and V). Their ages ranged between 5 months and 12 years with a mean age of 4.8±3 years. Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) (n = 5), severe acute diarrhoeal disease (n = 4) and obstructive nephropathy (n =2) were causes of AKI. Peritoneal dialysis was performed manually using percutaneous commercial PD catheters (n=10) and adapted catheter (n=1). Duration of PD ranged from 3 to 17 days (mean: 8.1±4.1 days). The main complications were peri-catheter leakage (n = 6), and catheter obstruction (n = 3), exit wound (n=2) and acute bacterial peritonitis (n = 1). Of the 11 patients, 7 (63.6%) were discharged home alive and well, 3 (27.4%) died and 1(9.1%) left against medical advice. Conclusion: With meticulous attention to aseptic procedure and use of improvised dialysis fluids and catheters or semi-rigid PD catheters where available, PD is an affordable choice of RRT in management of paediatric AKI. Complications are bound to occur and are better anticipated and planned for.


The seed of Kochia Scoparia(L.) Schrad.was investigated for its selective antifeedant and complete antifeedant activity against the 2-3 instar larvae of Plutella xylostella L..The result indicats that chloroform extracts from The seed of Kochia Scoparia(L.) Schrad.appeared a strong antifeedant activity.The Median Antifeeding Concentration(AFC50) of selective antifeedant activity was 376.41mg/l,while its AFC50 of complete antifeedant activity was 344.82mg/L.We know that both selective antifeedant and complete antifeedant have the highest antifeedant rate with its concentration of 2000mg/L,and the higher the concentration is,the stronger the antifeeding activity is.


The resonant tunneling diode is a promising candidate as a low-cost and compact electronic device for terahertz wireless communications. This study proposes an oscillator configuration by integrating two resonant tunneling diodes on a single slot-ring antenna for terahertz communications. A coherent oscillation is experimentally demonstrated at 354 GHz, and the results indicate that 25-Gbit/s error-free wireless communication was achieved using the oscillator as a transmitter.


This paper develops a finite-horizon denumerable state-space dynamic programming formulation of the inspector location problem in convergent production lines. The effects of the inspection point location decisions on production planning are clarified, and the resulting complexity of the determination of the costs of not detecting defective units is demonstrated under the assumption that all detected defective units are eliminated from the production line. A sample problem is solved by a backward induction algorithm to obtain the minimum-cost screening program.


Despite rapid development, oil spill agents still suffer from limitations of high cost, low adsorption ability, and non‐degradability. Herein, the alkaline lignin (AL) and hemicelluloses (xylan, Xyl) are transferred into low‐cost, green, and eco‐friendly powder gelators, featuring congealing oil ability, easy collection, and oil spill recovery. The AL and Xyl can form gels in the presence of excessive epichlorohydrin (ECH)/sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and subsequently self‐collapse into brittle solid when rinsed in water. After silylation treatment, the resultant powder exhibits high efficiency to congeal, a series of floating oils, as well as the great oil recovery ability. The easy availability of pulping byproducts, scalable preparation method, and excellent spill oil treatment ability hold promise for developing new bio‐based oil spill agents.


Ultra-thin and transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and absorbing materials are in increasing demand for near-field electromagnetic wave attenuation in transparent electronic devices that get thinner and lighter. Here, we report chemical-doped and undoped graphene as the thinnest and transparent shield for high-performance near-field electromagnetic wave attenuation. The electromagnetic loss characterization demonstrate that a single layer graphene film exhibits a giant magnetic field transmission loss normalized to the film thickness that is at least two orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional EMI shielding and absorbing materials, which is attributed to the outstanding magnetic field mirroring in graphene. The doped and double-layer graphene films exhibit superior power and transmission losses than the commercial transparent indium tin oxide shield over the frequency range from 0.1 GHz to 6 GHz. The high-performance near-field electromagnetic wave attenuation in graphene enables broad range applications such as futuristic transparent display devices.


We prove, under mild conditions, the existence of a minimizer of the exact mean integrated square error of a kernel density estimator as a function of the bandwidth. When it exists, we also show some expected limit properties of this optimal bandwidth; in fact, for two common situations, Theorem 3 gives the exact value for the limit. Surprisingly, in some special cases (when using superkernels or the sinc kernel for estimating some classes of densities), this limit is strictly positive and a global zero-bias bandwidth can be chosen.


We explore the possibilities of current modulation at nano-scale level using mesoscopic rings. A single mesoscopic ring or an array of such rings is used for current modulation where each ring is threaded by a time varying magnetic flux $\phi$ which plays the central role in the modulation action. Within a tight-binding framework, all the calculations are done based on the Green's function formalism. We present numerical results for the two-terminal conductance and current which support the essential features of current modulation. The analysis may be helpful in fabricating mesoscopic or nano-scale electronic devices.


Streptococcus pyogenes, so-called group A streptococcus (GAS), is classically responsible for a number of suppurative infections and nonsuppurative sequelae. Epidemiology of GAS infections has greatly evolved in the past decade with an increase in both incidence and severity of invasive infections. Modification in the pattern of post-streptococcal diseases was also observed. Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) disappeared in the industrialized countries, whereas other complex diseases such as pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections and multifocal postinfectious inflammation were recognized. Here, we report 2 cases of nonsuppurative complications occurring in the subacute phase (6-28 days after initial antibiotic treatment) of invasive group A streptococcus infections (IGASI) in children and review the literature.


The credit system plays a very important role in the reform of college physical education, arousing teachers' and students' motivation, performing quality education, developing the students' habits of life long exercises, strengthening the PE consciousness, and improving teaching effectiveness. Yet, this system has its characteristics compared with other courses. So it is necessary to have suitable theory and management patterns for performing the system properly.


1Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Bhopal, India. Background Recurrence of amblyopia is defined as >= 2 log MAR level reduction in visual acuity after cessation of patching. There is 50% risk that amblyopia will recur following successful primary treatment particularly when preference to one eye is present, amblyopia recurs in non preferred eye within 1 to 3 months. Therefore careful monitoring is required upto age of visual maturity.


Basra, the Failed Gulf State: Separatism and Nationalism in Southern Iraq, by Reidar Visser. Munster: LIT Verlag, 2005. x + 238 pages. Gloss, to 209. Notes to p. 207. Bibl. to p. 231. Index to p. 238. $39.95. Reviewed by Hala Fattah Reidar Visser is a Norwegian researcher at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs in Oslo. The bulk of his study, which is excellent, concerns Basra's politics in the early 20th century, with a final chapter examining the post-2003 period. He uses Ottoman documents, Arabic-language materials, and British consular records of the era to analyze the transition from late Ottoman to royalist rule, as well as contemporary newspaper reports and transcripts of television interviews to cover the post-2003 period. Visser's thesis tackles issues of autonomy/independence and countervailing movements of political centralization that alternately dominated southern Iraq from the beginning of the 20th century until 2004. Beginning with an in-depth look at the Basra separatist movement of the 1920s, a singular exercise bringing together some of the most prominent Basrawi merchants and landholders in a petition seeking to break away from Baghdad, he goes on to explain why it failed and why, from 1928 onwards, an "Iraqist" nationalism became de rigeur among the majority of Basra's population, both Sunnis and Shi'is. There are two broad themes in Visser's study. The first theme is the failure of the separatist movement to mobilize enough support among both the elite and the grassroots to become a viable party. The curious diffidence exhibited by the separatist movement's leadership, and the resulting lukewarm support it received among its purported natural constituency in Basra, Zubair, and throughout the south, doomed the separatist project to near irrelevancy. This lack of resoluteness was in pointed contrast to the British agenda that, after 1921, decisively moved away from its earlier backing of autonomy movements to push for Faysal ibn al-Husayn's candidacy to the throne of Iraq. At the same time, the splits engendered in the separatist leadership allowed the nascent state to concretize its influence by attempting to coopt proseparatist notables through government appointments. Compounding Baghdad's influence, ties with India, Persia, the independent principalities across the Gulf, Kuwait, and Arabia pulled Basra's notables in different directions, weakening their agenda. Finally, before 1927, the universalist message of the Shi'a mujtahids in the shrine cities went some way towards countering the very "cosmopolitan, secular and localist framework contained in the separatist petition" (p. 103). The second theme is precisely the role of the Shi'a, as well as other marginalized groups such as the Zubairis and the "Persian" tribal peasantry, in the decentralization movement in Basra, from 1927 onwards. …


Nonossifying fibroma (NOF) is a nonneoplastic lesion of the long bones which are rarely seen after skeletal maturity. The disorder is most often asymptomatic, discovered incidentally on plain radiographs and spontaneous regression over the years is typical. Nevertheless, larger lesions are at an increased risk of pathological fracture and together with atypical radiographic features can cause concern leading to consultations in orthopedic oncology clinics. A correct diagnosis can be established after a careful study of the patient's history and clinical status together with different imaging modalities and histologic characterization of the lesion. Surgical treatment may be required to forestall fractures in symptomatic lesions. Recurrence is rare after surgical intervention. Here, we report an interesting case of a pathological fracture through a symptomatic NOF with a 1-year follow-up, after surgical intervention.


Pesticide-induced oxidative stress has been widely observed in aquatic algae. The production of microcystin caused by Microcystis aeruginosa intensified under the oxidative stress induced by solar radiation during an algal bloom. However, whether oxidative stress caused by the pollutants also contributed to toxic microcystin generation and the potential mechanism remain unknown, especially for chiral environmental contaminants. Metalaxyl, a high-volume chiral fungicide, was selected as the model to compare the risks to M. aeruginosa. Our results revealed a significant induction of algal growth or photosynthetic pigments at 30–50 mg/L R-metalaxyl (fungicidally active enantiomer) compared with 300–400 mg/L rac-metalaxyl at 48 h. At the nontoxic time point, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction was 10 mg/L in R-metalaxyl, which was 30 times lower than the corresponding value for the rac form. The LOECs of extra- and intra-microcystin induction of R-metalax...