OBJECTIVE To compare 0.5% Levobupivacaine and 0.5% Bupivacaine in clinical effect for Epidural Obstruction.METHODS 36 cases of patients who were operated on total hysterectomy under epidural anesthesia were divided into two groups:Levobupivacaine group:0.5% Levobupivacaine(n=18 cases);Bupivacaine group:0.5% Bupivacaine(n=18 cases).Taking T12~L1 lines epidural puncture to be injected for 2% Lidocaine 4mL firstly,then to be injected for 0.5% Levobupivacaine or 0.5% Bupivacaine 8~10mL,epidural block level doesn't exceed T9.To observe two groups of patients who use gross medicine dosage,feeling obstruction time,motoneurons obstruction time,effect of initial taking medicine and side effect.RESULTS The difference between two groups using gross medicine dosage,motoneurons obstruction time,and effect of initial taking medicine was not clear,the Levobupivacaine group feeling obstruction time was relatively longer than that of Bupivacaine group.CONCLUSION Anesthesia effect and anelgisia of Levobupivacaine was similar to that of Bupivacaine,but feeling obstruction time was longer.0.5% Levobupivacaine was better than 0.5% Bupivacaine in epidural anesthesia.


In the paper the developed SHM system based on modal filtration is described. The system consists of independent 16-channel measuring-diagnostic unit and modal analysis software which also provides the estimation of reciprocal modal vectors – modal filter coefficients. Both hardware and software are presented in detail and additionally their practical implementation to structural changes detection in technical objects. For these tests the elements of aviation structures were used: wing of the training jet fighter and blade of the propeller of a small agricultural aircraft.


by the author. Nevertheless, such mistakes cannot undermine the contribution of the monograph. The book, by examining the land rights in their entire complexity, goes beyond the traditional narratives on British intervention in Indian land revenue system. It thus, suggests British intervention was not a planned linear progression; rather there were great deal of adjustments and accommodations. This book will interest specialists of South Asian economic history, and those who are particularly interested in examining social complexities of agrarian production.


In this ' state of the art ' review, we draw on the Irish and UK context to ask ' what can welfare stigma do? ' Our question provokes thinking about welfare stigma not as an inevitable ' cost ' of the structure of welfare provision, but as something that does socio-political work and which may be deliberately mobilised to do so. This, we argue, is a particularly pertinent question to ask in the Irish and UK contexts, bound together by some shared liberal welfare regime characteristics that are particularly associated with welfare stigma and by the effects of a period of austerity capitalism that continues to re-shape the meaning and experience of welfare. Yet, going beyond welfare stigma as inherently negative, we highlight a limited literature on resistance that suggests the potentialities of welfare stigma in the service of positive social change toward a new welfare imaginary. ideal and the ' shame-proo fi ng ' of public services we argue that the productive power of stigma and shame need not be always conceptualised as an oppressive top-down in fl iction that shatters solidarities but a bottom-up resource toward positive social change. While welfare stigma can be crafted towards oppressive ends, there is an empirical suggestion and theoretical basis to argue that the condition of stigma and shame as a conduit for the deployment and maintenance of austerity capitalism can also simultaneously be a condition of resistance to it. What is lacking is a more thorough theorising of how this resistance can be made possible, backed up with a research agenda that explores the pathways to resistances and how stigma and shame moderate and are moderated by these paths. We suggest an approach that conceives how welfare stigma can ' do ' a different kind of socio-political work, one that is generative of a new welfare imaginary that recognises mutual vulnerability and solidarity and recalls some of the elements of collectivism that underpinned Beveridge ' s project.


Aluminium and iron concentrations and partitioning between par• ticulate, colloidal and dissolved forms were examined in acid run• off from known acid sulphate soil environments in the lower Richmond River catchment during dry season conditions. Chroni• cally acid drains in the Tuckean Swamp and Rocky Mouth Creek exhibited extremely high concentrations of dissolved metals (810 mg/ L AI , 5mg/ L Fe). Dissolved aluminium and iron were quickly transformed to solid hydroxide species, which were rapidly


It is demonstrated that tokamak plasma can be fuelled by pellets while simultaneously maintaining ELM suppression by external resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs). Pellets are injected vertically from high field site and deposited at outer part of plasma cross section. Each pellet triggers a benign MHD event followed by a short lived ELM-free phase. The ELM suppression phase with pellet fuelling lasts 11 pellet cycles and is terminated by intentionally increasing the pellet rate to cause a transition to the ELMy phase.


There is provided a display control apparatus for a remote control device (14). The display control apparatus is adapted to a display device (10) and to be connected to a remote control device (14) which are disposed away from each other. The display device (10) is adapted to an operating screen having a plurality of icons for accepting a display to a control target device (20a, 20b) directed operation. When the display of a first operation screen to a second operation screen having a different symbol arrangement is changed, the display control means (12) exchanges a symbol selection state of a selected on the first operation screen icon at a preset on the second operation screen beginning dial icon and causes the display control means (12), that the display device (10) displays a visual effect indicating a direction from the position of the selected one symbol to the position of the initial selection icon.


ABSTRACT Is there an ideological component to personnel contributions to United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions? While gender issues have become part of the UN peacekeeping agenda as evident by the Women, Peace, and Security program, individual states are responsible for executing the organization's gender-equality objectives. I argue that ideology shapes how UN member states respond to gender issues. Specifically, I claim that left-leaning governments are more inclined to respond to acts of sexual violence in peacekeeping operations by contributing more peacekeepers. I find that left-leaning governments commit more peacekeepers to missions impacted by sexual violence than governments with different ideological preferences.


Network slicing is among the most wanted features of the 5G to address the diverse requirements of different classes of services, such as IoT applications. However, bringing the slicing to Wi-Fi networks is very challenging due to the lack of wireless virtualization supports in hardware. This paper proposes a new approach to achieve network slicing in Enterprise WiFi without virtualization techniques. Our approach is based on the dynamic association of user equipment to Wi-Fi access points to meet the requirements of differentiated IoT services. We model this technique as an optimization problem with the objective of maximizing the total throughput of the network while meeting the differentiated IoT service requirements. A heuristic algorithm based on the stable matching mechanism has been proposed to solve the optimization problem in near real-time. Furthermore, to enable a practical implementation, we advocate an online algorithm based on Reinforcement Learning which can mitigate the calculation in each time slot as done by the matching algorithm. Simulation results show that our solutions achieve the total throughput approximately to the optimum one and outperform the traditional RSSI method while guaranteeing the IoT slicing service requirements.


Multi-component problems are optimization problems that are composed of multiple interacting sub-problems. The motivation of this work is to investigate whether it can be better to consider multiple objectives when dealing with multiple interdependent components. Therefore, the Travelling Thief Problem (TTP), a relatively new benchmark problem, is investigated as a bi-objective problem. The results indicate that a multi-objective approach can produce solutions to the single-objective TTP variant while being competitive to current state-of-the-art solvers.


The theoretical core of this article is an interdisciplinary model of religiosity. Throughout this paper, categories from the psychology of religion are placed on a sociological footing as well as differentiated and enriched using instruments from the discipline of religious studies. Its main purpose is to provide a theoretical framework for a comprehensive, differentiated and systematic picture of the diverse contents of individual religious construction processes. The paper aims in particular to inspire further research on the psychological relevance of religious contents and their representation in individual psychological systems. In the empirical section, the focus is on the psychological category of the centrality of religion, which constitutes one of the three main axes of the theoretical model. The set of data used is provided by the international and inter-religious Religion Monitor survey conducted in 2007 (N=21086). In a first step, a new version of the centrality scale that has a stronger inter-religious conceptual base, is substantiated. Following this, the focus is placed on the interactions of the centrality and content of religiosity. In the process, the empirical validity of the ideal-typical distinction between highly religious and religious people is tested. The data demonstrates that religious contents are represented with greater differentiation in the psychological systems of highly religious people, and that they exercise stronger influence on the individual's experience and behavior. In the outlook, the dialectical notion of a »qualitative leap« and its potential for the psychology of religion is touched on.


AS ALL educators and many laymen know, the secondary school is changing. In fact, its whole history is one of continuous change. From the establishment of the Latin grammar school in Massachusetts in 1647, through the days of the academy, on to the development of the modern high school, the secondary school has been almost constantly in the process of change as a result of its attempts to meet the citizens' needs for education. The academy attempted to shift curricular emphasis from education in the classics to education that would meet the needs of the middle class, many of whom would not attend college. The early American high school, like the academy, began with an emphasis on education for life, but the traditional college-preparatory curriculum was still dominant. In the


The conventional approach of contactless current sensing using Rogowski's coil is associated with unavoidable design constraints that limit the sensitivity, rise time, settling time, and bandwidth of operation. This article discusses some novel coil designs for contactless current measurement along with an electron device that works based on a brace-shaped Hall plate for dynamic precision adjustment. Experimentally, these proposed coil models achieve a sensitivity of 5.76 mV/A and a nonlinearity of 0.09%, which are better than their conventional counterparts. Apart from this, a mathematical analysis related to this work with different core materials and geometrical parameters confirms that these coils are also superior based on rise time, peak time, settling time, and sensitivity compared with their conventional counterparts. The dynamic precision adjustment device, made up of a brace-shaped Hall plate, utilizes novel materials, such as TiO2 and NiO, to make the device impedance more sensitive to control frequency and voltage. Experimentally, the impedance across the electron device varies between 0.0153 $\text{M}\Omega $ and 0.387 $\text{M}\Omega $ for every change in voltage and frequency in MHz of the switched mode control signal. This impedance-sensitive characteristic makes the output of the proposed sensor more efficient in achieving dynamic precision control even at a small range of operating conditions.


With a suspended spring system as an object, the dimensionless geometrical nonlinear dynamic equation without damping of dropping shock of the system was established. Variational iteration method was used to solve the dynamic equation. The first- order approximate analytical solutions of dimensionless displacement and dimensionless acceleration were obtained. The peak values of the dimensionless displacement and the dimensionless acceleration, and the period of the dropping shock were compared with the results from the elliptic integral method. The relative errors were less than 4 %. The influence of the dropping height and the system suspension angle at the peak values of the dimensionless displacement and the dimensionless acceleration were discussed.Results showed that in the same dropping height conditions, appropriately reducing the suspension angle of the system can reduce the peak value of the dimensionless acceleration, but the peak value of the dimensionless displacement increases. This work has provided a reference for design of shock absorbers with suspended spring systems.


One approach to detecting lies that has a long history is to analyse speech content. In around 900 BC, a papyrus of the Vedas described how to identify a poisoner. In addition to some physiological and behavioural cues, it says that a poisoner 'does not answer questions, or they give evasive answers; he speaks nonsense' (Trovillo, 1939, p. 849). Tardieu, a French forensic expert, already acknowledged in the 1850s that in children's alleged sexual abuse cases, certain characteristics in the story needs to be considered, such as 'quantity of detail' (LamersWinkelman, 1999). Walker (1886), an American forensic medical doctor, claimed that mere reliance upon the physical examination in alleged child sexual abuse cases is unreliable. Rather, according to Walker, children should be encouraged to tell their stories in their own words, and the way in which children tell their stories and the expressions they


The article proposes a method for determining the number of sets of the client part of the Unified State Register of Conscripts. The methodology reflects a logical sequence of actions, which consists of three stages: formation of initial data, determination of basic indicators and determination of the number of sets of the client part of the Unified State Register of Conscripts, with the initial data of the methodology divided into six groups. The proposed methodology covers all areas of work performed by units of military commissariats, which allows: determine the number of sets of the client part of the Unified State Register of Conscripts for military registration of conscripts and conscripts in military commissariats; calculate the required number of operators of the Unified State Register of Conscripts, taking into account the tasks assigned to the structural units of military commissariats, within a certain limit of the number of servicemen and employees and redistribute responsibilities between existing officials of military commissariats. The results of the study can be used to calculate the number of sets of the client part of the Unified State Register of Conscripts to improve the organizational and staffing structure of military commissariats and develop guidelines for determining appropriate standards for their provision and supply of appropriate weapons and military equipment.


The electromagnetic blood flowmeter is an important tool with both medical research and clinical applications. Its principles and development are reviewed; the subjects discussed include head design, transformer e.m.fs, catheter devices, electronic systems, baseline stability, calibration and commercial instruments.


Aim: The present study is to find the Glycosyltransferase (rgpE) inhibition potential of Ecdysone & 2-Methylserine and its derivatives along with associated binding mechanism through virtual screening and Molecular Docking. Methods: Initially, the automated 3D structure of Glycosyltransferase (rgpE) protein of the Streptococcus mutans was predicted based on the sequence-to-structure-to-function paradigm using I-TASSER and the function of Glycosyltransferase protein was inferred by matching to other known proteins. The activity of 2-Methylserine and Ecdysone against Glycosyltransferase protein as a potential drug has been elucidated in this paper. Docking analysis showed 2Methylserine and Ecdysone as potential inhibitor of Glycosyltransferase protein. 50 derivatives of 2-Methylserine and 46 derivatives of Ecdysone were virtually screened with rigid criteria of Lipinski's rule of 5 using Autodock4.2. The molecular interactions were analyzed through PyMol, UCSF Chimera and LigPlot. Results: The protein sequences of glycosyltransferase (rgpE) were modeled and validated. Ecdysone (46 derivatives) and 2-Methylserine (50 derivatives) were docked in to active binding site of glycosyltransferase. The residues Gly98 and Tyr17 of BAL69518.1 Glycosyltransferase models present in the hydrophilic domain (–OH and =O groups) was found molecular interactions with high binding affinities of -9.46 Kcal/Mol and -9.16 Kcal/Mol, respectively to Ecdysone derivative (CID: 44231592) than other FDA approved drugs such as Moenomycin. Conclusion: Ecdysone and 2- Methylserine derivatives targeted to Glycosyltransferase had sufficient profound effect to inhibit its activity to abrogate oral infections. It could be a promising potential drug candidate for oral infections using glycosyltransferase (rgpE) site as a Drug target.


The key aspects and features of the Australasian Quaternary Association (AQUA) Biennial Conference held from 11th-16th July, 2010 at North Stradbroke Island, Queensland are discussed. Some of the different topics and issued covered during the Conference are highlighted.


Many problems in systems and control theory are related to solvability of Sylvester matrix equations. In many applications, at least some of the parameters of the system should be represented by fuzzy numbers rather than crisp ones. In most of the previous literature, the solutions of fuzzy Sylvester matrix equation are only presented with triangular fuzzy numbers. In this paper, we propose two analytical methods for solving Positive Trapezoidal Fully Fuzzy Sylvester Matrix Equation (PTrFFSME). The PTrFFSME is converted to an equivalent system of crisp Sylvester Matrix Equations (SME) using the existing arithmetic fuzzy multiplication operations. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the positive fuzzy solutions to the PTrFFSME are investigated. In addition, the equivalency between the solution to the system of SME and the PTrFFSME are discussed. The proposed methods are illustrated by solving one example.


Disclosed in the utility model is a CMOS image sensor with an ultra high frame rate. The CMOS image sensor comprises a plurality of independent image sensor units working in parallel; each image sensor unit includes a pixel unit and a data processing and output unit; all pixel units form a pixel array; and all data processing and output units are arranged at the periphery of the pixel array. Each pixel unit includes a plurality of sub pixel arrays. Each data processing and output unit includes a first control module for controlling pixel selection and outputting in the sub pixel array, dual sampling modules for reading pixels, a second control module for controlling the dual sampling modules to read and output pixel signals, analog-to-digital conversion modules for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion on signals outputted by the dual sampling modules and storing the processed signals to corresponding row buffer modules, and a shifting register module for outputting signals buffered by the row buffer modules in a serial mode. Therefore, the background data processing pressure of the CMOS image sensor can be reduced while the ultra high frame rate is realized.


This is an exhilarating time for the digital humanities. There's an infectious energy driving the development of new tools and new types of research, and a passion for collaboration and reaching across disciplinary boundaries. Digital humanities centers are multiplying at institutions around the world, digital projects are making their way into classrooms, and dedicated funding bodies, like the NEH Office of Digital Humanities, are lending their support to innovative work. Underlying this momentum, however, there's also a sense of urgency. The digital humanities is, as yet, only partially constituted as a field, and strives for greater recognition within the larger academic ecosystem. This energy and this urgency are both evident throughout Digital_Humanities, a concise volume that aims to serve as a manifesto for the movement.


Although stochastic search techniques have shown promise in test generation and design validation, they often fail when there is a specific, random-resistant sequence of vectors required to exercise a target. In order to combat this, deterministic techniques are added, resulting in a hybrid solution to maintain high speed of execution while improving metric performance. This paper presents a formal hybridization that combines a Register Transfer Level (RTL) stochastic swarm intelligence based test vector generation with the Verilator Verilog-to-C++ source-to-source compiler. Verilator generates a fast cycle accurate C++ simulation unit for Verilog descriptions and provides instrumentation for branch and toggle coverage metrics. This RTL model can also be used to generate a bounded model checking (BMC) instance. During the stochastic search, the bounded model checker is launched to expand the unexplored search frontier and aid in the navigation of narrow paths. Additionally, an inductive reach ability test is applied in order to eliminate unreachable branches from our search space. These additions have significantly improved branch coverage, reaching 100% in several ITC99 benchmarks. Additionally, compared to previous functional test generation methods, we achieve substantial speedup achieved with purely stochastic methods.


Occasionally statisticians are confronted with data arising from a complex experimental design and not necessarily satisfying the traditional assumptions of analysis of variance; namely those of independence, variance homogeneity, and normality. Sometimes the analyst handles such situations by adjusting the data with transformations or by discarding certain extreme observations, etc. Although this may often lead to a satisfactory analysis, the results may be questionable in some cases. The purpose of this paper is to show that non-parametric methods provide realistic alternatives in analyzing such data. The procedures to be discussed are based on ranks. As such, they are valid under fairly general conditions and have good power properties. Moreover, they involve reasonably simple calculations describable with algorithms, for which computer programs are available.


Ethnic and gender differences in perceptions of graduate job acquisition difficulty among UK post-higher education job-seekers were investigated. Two main hypotheses were compared: the double jeopardy hypothesis (DJH), suggesting an additive or interactive increase in perceived difficulty associated with membership of different disadvantaged demographic categories; and the ethnic prominence hypothesis, arguing for the salience of ethnicity over gender in perceptions. Graduates and final year students (N = 800) from Black, Indian, Pakistani/Bangladeshi and White ethnic backgrounds rated the level of difficulty that a suitably qualified man and woman from their own ethnic background would encounter in attaining ten graduate jobs. Interactions between participant ethnic background and gender of job-seeker rated were examined in the context of the competing hypotheses. The perceptions of men, and Indian and Pakistani/Bangladeshi women, were consistent with the additive DJH, whereas Black women's perceptions were not. It is concluded that: (1) the perceptions of the latter group may reflect knowledge of Black male disadvantage, or negative stereotyping with respect to employment in the UK graduate labour market; and (2) perceptions of double jeopardy by some female graduates may have negative effects on their job-seeking endeavours.


It is a challenge to find the appropriate level of spatial resolution in transport modelling. While the zone system has substantial influence on model results, the resolution and design of zones is rarely analyzed systematically, and even less commonly adjusted to a specific modelling need. In this paper we present a new methodology to automatically create a new zone system based on the quadtree algorithm specific to transport modelling. Gradual raster cells are generated, where smaller raster cells tend to be used in urban areas and larger raster cells dominate in low-density, rural areas. As changing the zonal resolution affects the number of intrazonal and interzonal trips, an algorithm has been developed that adjusts intrazonal trips in line with the network resolution. Trip tables of a travel demand model for the state of Georgia, USA were disaggregated using this new zone system of gradual raster cells. The traffic assignment results validate significantly better than when using the original zone system.


A new research and development unit for psychiatric nursing was launched in Manchester last week with the aim of providing practical help and solutions to the problems facing mental health nurses.


This paper describes the fuse-blowing characteristics for higher-voltage direct current (HVDC) power feeding systems. We developed a new fuse model, and evaluated the fuse-blowing characteristics and the effect of cable length. From the results, the electrical stability of HVDC power feeding system when a shorting accident or an overcurrent occurs is discussed.


The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection since December 2019 has provided clinicians with a battery of laboratory tests and imaging tools to back up in the speedy pin-pointing of high-risk COVID-19 victims, enabling them to make the most optimized treatments for COVID-19 patients lowering the mortality rates. The biochemical tests include inflammatory markers, hematological parameters, liver and kidney functions. © 2022. Yusof and Haque. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) solutions seek to provide a satisfactory user experience at the client side when accessing remote desktop applications, even from mobile devices with limited capabilities. This paper presents a new approach, improving on previous work by the authors, in which a combination of Virtual Network Computing (VNC) and streaming protocols allowed efficient remote web access to virtualized applications within a cloud architecture. The new approach simplifies virtual machine templates, from which virtual machine instances are deployed, by centralizing software modules, greatly simplifying their management. Our new contribution consists of an integrated solution with specific WebM video encoding modules in charge of application visual output processing, an Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) streaming server, and a VNC server. The solution can be installed in the hypervisor of the host machines instead of replicating the servers and modules throughout the guest (virtual) machines that run the virtualized applications. Consequently, their implementations are unique and independent of the operating system of the virtual machines. In short, it is not necessary to provide different implementations for different operating systems, which reduces the complexity of virtual machine templates and greatly simplies platform management. To demonstrate our solution, we have modified the Quick Emulator (QEMU)‐Kernel‐based Virtual Machine (KVM) hypervisor source code accordingly. We also present qualitative and quantitative analyses that demonstrate that the new approach is advantageous in terms of software management and quality of experience, compared with our previous work and other well‐known thin clients, contributing to the enhancement of VDI systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Type of defect correction apparatus which significantly improve the working efficiency of the defect compensation step, while improving the quality of defect correction. Check multilayer substrate formed patterned repeated, position information on the defect and defect in the repeated patterned feature information. Next, read the defect corresponding to the detected defect correction technique from the database. Then, the read defect correction object size correction execution order with respect to the methods contained in the defect compensation device optimized. And, using a suitable size and sequence optimization techniques to control the defect correction section for correcting a defect of the embodiment of defect correction.


The performance of the calibration model with temperature compensation for on-plant leaf water potential (LWP) determination in tomato plants was evaluated. During a cycle of water stress, the on-plant LWP measurement was conducted. The result showed that the LWP values under water stress and recovery from water stress could be monitored well. It showed that a real time monitoring of the LWP values using NIR spectroscopy could be possible. Keywords: water stress, real time monitoring of leaf water potential, NIR spectroscopy, plant response-based


The rate of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide in styrene at 30 °C. is increased considerably by the presence of various metal salts and complexes. The rate increases in the presence of certain metal salts and complexes whether the metal is oxidizable, reducible, or incapable of undergoing a valence change. Both the metal and the nonmetal portion appear to influence the rate. The molar ratio of cumene hydroperoxide decomposed to metal complex added may be well over 1000. Most of the decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of ferric phthalocyanine does not produce free radicals capable of initiating the polymerization of styrene and may proceed by an ionic chain mechanism.


The carbody plays an important role in rail vehicle dynamics.This thesis aims atdeveloping validated modelling methods tostudy its dynamics, how it is excited on trackand how itinteracts with the p ...


Gd1.6Bi1.4Fe3.8Ga1.2O12 garnet films for short wavelength magneto‐optical recording are investigated. These films have high Faraday rotation (up to 1.3 °/μm), good corrosion resistance and good magnetic properties (Hc≳1 kOe with hysteresis loop squareness of 1) but poor noise performance. This paper shows that the noise is a result of the grain size being of the order of the recorded domain size and that the grain size and distribution are determined by the initial density of garnet nuclei. In the course of this study, it was discovered that these films contain a high density of Bi globules which precipitate out of the garnet matrix. It is believed that these globules contribute to the high coercivity of sputtered garnet films.


In the study we focus on theoretical and practical aspects of neoclassical models of economic growth, i.e. Sollow-Swan model and Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model and keynesian Kaldor model. We explain theory of Sollow-Swan model and calibrate parameters of the model according to economy of the Slovak Republic. We compare Sollow-Swan model to Kaldor model and estimate main functions of Kaldor model for the economy of the SR. We explain means of making propensity to save endogenous in Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model and we examine whether endogenous propensity is useful in describing economy of SR.


CIQ assistants is a powerful supplement to Inspection and quarantine institutions,but a CIQ assistant human resources planning,development,utilization and management system is not present yet.UML is the dominant standard modeling language in object-oriented area.Using UML in system modeling,we can grasp complex systems and the inter-linkages between its components.This article proposed a UML-based CIQ assistants Management Information System Modeling.


Abstract The paper falls into two parts. The approach to geographical information systems (GIS) in the U.S.S.R. and differences in terminology are first discussed. The main part of the paper comprises case studies on the design, construction and use of GIS and of computer-assisted cartography in the U.S.S.R. to illustrate the transition to the introduction of automated technologies to processing of geographical data for science, practice and education, the diversity of contexts, the problems tackled and their departmental attribution, and the territorial span, functional capabilities and technological equipment. The following trends of these developments are identified: the design of integrated GIS, an increase in their capabilities for modelling, the introduction of elements of expert systems, an orientation towards microcomputer technology, an awareness of the need to use standardized hardware and software (including linguistic terms) and a greater interest in the commercial and legal problems of GIS, i...


604 middle school students were inquired about the characteristics and the causes of self-control of learning.The conclusions come to follow: The self-control of learning reduces from Grade 1 of junior high school to Grade 3 of senior high school;The causes of the learning self-control of middle school students can be divided to exterior and interior,the exterior cause decreases from Grade 1 of junior high school to Grade 3 of senior high school,while the interior cause increases.The core cause of the learning self-control of junior high school students is the temptation,while the senior high school students is the mood.


This study is an attempt to model Swedish CPI inflation using ARIMA and variations of distributed lag model with market data as explanatory variables. The model will be constructed on the CPI subco ...


This study was conducted for the first time in nursery treatment in order to pioneer forest trees of the species Elaeagnus rhamnoides and also to determine the effects of different treatments on seed germination in Iran. This species is resistance for plantation. Seeds originating from Qazvin province were placed in the nursery. Treatments comprised three factors including seed pretreatments (control, cold, ice water, hot water, lime juice and Gibberellin acid), soils (control, Stockosorb, sand and compost) and irrigation (control and supplementary water). These treatments were accomplished in CRD experimental designs with five replicates. At the end (65st day) we evaluated the number and percentage of germination, the number of days until germination, the mean germination time, germination rate, germination energy, the maximum germination and germination value. Results show that the means of germination percent in control irrigation were 7.5, 23.75, 21.25, 0, 15, and 42.5. Average germination percentage of pretreatments and the same attributes with supplementary irrigation were 1.25, 43.75, 35, 1.25, 8.75, and 46.25. Mean of germination in soil factor were 0.83, 3.54, 8.12 and 8.02. Germination in all treatments and at whole levels was on average 20.52 percent. The highest germination percentage and the highest average germination were observed in the sand and in the Gibberellin treatment, respectively.


Levels of radioactivity in the surface waters of the U. S. under surveillance by the Public Health Service's National Water Quality Network are reported and evaluated. Included are data on Sr-911 levels and on gross beta and alpha activity. The latter include determinations on the suspended and dissolved fractions of the raw river waters and are presented graphically on a national and major river basin basis. Sampling methods and frequencies and analytical methods are described. (auth)


A large number of different types of second-order non-Hermitian degeneracies called exceptional points (EPs) were found in various physical systems depending on the mechanism of coupling between eigenstates. We show that these EPs can be hybridized to form higher-order EPs, which preserve the original properties of the initial EPs before hybridization. For a demonstration, we hybridize chiral and supermode second-order EPs, where the former and the latter are the results of intra-disk and inter-disk mode coupling in an optical system comprised of two Mie-scale microdisks and one Rayleigh-scale scatterer. The high sensitivity of the resulting third-order EP against external perturbations in our feasible system is emphasized.


Solar cell tracking system is a system that uses the latest technology with combining solar tracking, the intensity of sunlight absorbed by solar cells can be optimized automatically. The purpose of this study is to make the Arduino-based solar monitoring system and load protection tool. The device is also equipped with an LDR sensor that detects the presence of sunlight, sends data from the LDR to Arduino and delivers signals to linear actuators. When the charge supplied by the battery exceeds the capacity of the battery, the INA219 sensor detects overload and a signal sent to Arduino asking for a relay to release the load. The results showed that tracking solar cell systems were successful in improving the efficiency of solar cells with an average power yield of 0.87 ampere of 12.62 watts from before without tracking the average obtained 0.62 ampere 8.83 atts. The performance of the protection system indicates that the load is cut off when the charging current exceeds the specified limit of 2.6 ampere.


High-strength U-3/4 wt % Ti alloy in the form of 3.3-cm-diameter round and straight bar was produced. The starting constituents were derby uranium and titanium sponge. The constituents were vacuum-induction melted at 1350/sup 0/C and gang cast into preheated molds forming hot-topped ingots 13.3 cm in diameter. After homogenization, the ingots were converted to extrusion billets by cropping the hot-top and sawing the remainder in half. The billets were scalped to a diameter of 12.7 cm. They were then heated in a salt bath at 625/sup 0/C and forward extruded to a diameter of 4.1 cm. The reduction ratio was 10, and the extrusion constant averaged 25 tons per square inch. 11 refs., 10 figs., 8 tabs.


Chocolate milk is an effective recovery beverage following endurance exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine its efficacy, compared to a traditional sports drink, for recovery from int...


Our paper is about actual framework corporate laws and regulations and its generated practices. In the context of European integration, companies extend the scope of their structuring possibilities by cross- bordering into other member states for flexible legal framework and investment climate. In the EU and EEA companies had three possibilities to effect cross-border transformations. One option available to all member states was and still is the cross-border merger, which however presents the disadvantage that the absorbed company is dissolved and the transfer of assets into a different member state may generally trigger real estate transfer tax. A second possibility is the relocation of companies' administrative seats in a different member state while the company continued to be governed by the law of the original country. Finally, is about companies' conversion into entities named Societas Europaea and have its registered office transferred within the EU.


Purpose To report genetic and phenotypic discordance across two generations of a family with autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1) and to compare pathogenicities of the G1961E and A1038V alleles of the ATP-binding cassette transporter, subfamily A, member 4 (ABCA4) gene. Methods Five members of a family with STGD1 (patients 1–4, affected; patient 5, carrier) were included. Clinical assessment was performed together with fundus autofluorescence and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. Patients were stratified based on the results of electroretinogram testing. Genotyping of the ABCA4 gene was performed with the ABCR500 microarray. Results STGD1 was diagnosed in the male proband and his female sibling (patients 1 and 2, respectively). Two children of patient 2 (patients 3 and 4) were also affected. Genotyping revealed the W663X stop mutation in all affected patients. Patients 3 and 4, who were compound heterozygous for the G1961E mutation, had earlier ages of onset than patients 1 and 2, who were compound heterozygous for the A1038V mutation. Patient 1 had an age of onset 28 years younger than patient 2, whose delayed onset can be explained by relative foveal sparing, while patient 4 had an age of onset 44 years younger than patient 2. Conclusions The G1961E mutation, which has been considered "mild," yields a more severe phenotype in this family than the A1038V mutation, which has been considered "severe." Marked intrasibship discordance in clinical course is described, suggesting an additional role for modifying factors in ABCA4 pleiotropism.


An ink jet printing device (60), comprising at least four jet heads (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10); the jet heads are all of the same type, with at least two jet heads (9, 10) used for jetting a coating ink, and the other jet heads (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) used for jetting color inks; the jet heads (9, 10) for jetting the coating ink are arranged in parallel or interpolatedly arranged in one row, and the jet heads (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) for jetting the color inks are arranged in parallel in another row; of the jet heads jetting the color inks, the jet heads jetting the same color of ink are arranged with jet holes connected in series one after another in the movement direction of a printing medium, and the jet heads jetting different colors of ink are arranged in parallel. With the jet heads jetting the coating ink arranged in parallel or interpolatedly arranged in one row, and the jet heads jetting the color inks arranged in parallel in another row, and the jet holes of the jet heads jetting the color inks connected in series one after another, the present invention ensures that the coating ink covers the entire printing area, while reducing the width of a jet head base plate (611), thus reducing the requirement for the width of a UV curing device, saving costs while improving the operating stability of an ink jet printing carriage (61).


Permit to open state land based on the Regional Regulation of the City of Balikpapan Number 1 of 2014 concerning State Land Opening Permits is not an object of Mortgage Rights, objects of mortgage rights are land rights that have the status of Property Rights, Business Use Rights, Building Use Rights and Use Rights over state land as described in Article 51 UUPA in conjunction with Article 4 of the Mortgage Rights Law. Since the State Land Opening Permit is not an object of mortgage rights, it is actually not justified if the state land is pledged as repayment of debtor's debt which is bound by an Authorisation for Assignment of Mortgage  IMTN objects as collateral are risky when the debtor is in default. Normative juridical research is a type of research used in this study while using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Research results Inclusion of IMTN objects in SKMHT is not in accordance with the applicable Prevailing Laws. SKMHT that is not in accordance with the provisions of the Mortgage Rights Law, UUPA, and the provisions of the terms of the authenticity of a deed can result in being null and void. The responsibility of the Substitute PPAT is the same as the PPAT, namely personally for the implementation of his / her job duties as well as the PPAT in accordance with Article 41 paragraph (7) of Perkaban No.1 of 2006.How to cite item: Dizan, D., Permadi, I., Susilo, H. (2021). Tanggungjawab PPAT pengganti terhadap surat kuasa membebankan hak tanggungan berobjek izin membuka tanah negara. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 12(3), 263-273. doi:https://doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v12i3.4966.


A hydride and a silyl group of hydrosilane is introduced into 1,3-divinyldisiloxane in the presence of a catalytic amount of (η(5)-C(5)H(5))Fe(CO)(2)Me. Instead of the product expected from the well-known hydrosilylation reaction, the product obtained is that characteristic of dehydrogenative silylation at one vinyl group and hydrogenation at the other vinyl group of 1,3-divinyldisiloxane. Based on deuterium labeling experiments, a catalytic cycle for this new reaction has been proposed.


F s o d b sment of a building's energy perfo e for heating, cooling, ventilation, fication, hot water and lighting. Th the determination of energy needs lculation procedures for calculatin eating and cooling, applying the C [1]. The two basic types, different e calculation, are the quasi-steady n addition, interactions between b ain can be accounted for either by approach. These different method 5615 [2], the Umbrella Document o e EPBD. Detailed descriptions and 13790 [3], concerning the energy n nd in EN 15603 [4], concerning ove


The embodiment of the invention discloses a floating-layer-based application program calling method and device and relates to the communication field. The floating-layer-based application program calling method and device are used for solving the problems that a floating layer in the prior art only can be used for displaying a floating button and a user can not look over much information or carry out more operations. The method comprises the steps that a touch operation acting on a plug-in widget interface is obtained; a corresponding application type is determined according to a function area acted by the touch operation, and corresponding system functions and/or user resources are determined according to the application type; the determined system functions and/or user resources are loaded on a floating layer corresponding to the application type, and the floating layer is displayed. The problem that the floating layer in the prior art only can be used for displaying the floating button is solved, and the user experience is improved.


Objective
To evaluate the value of the ratio of optic nerve sheath diameter to eyeball transverse diameter (ONSD/ETD) in assessing intracranial pressure using ultrasound in the patients with brain injury.

Methods
Forty-six patients of both sexes with brain injury in the surgical intensive care unit, were selected.Craniotomy was performed within 24 h after admission to hospital, and the intracranial pressure probe was placed in the lateral cerebral ventricle of the enrolled patients who were aged 18-80 yr, with Glasgow Coma Scale score 3-15.ONSD and ETD were measured within 3 days after operation, three times a day, and the intracranial pressure was simultaneously recorded.The correlation between ONSD/ETD ratio and intracranial pressure were analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis.The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of ONSD/ETD ratio in assessing the intracranial hypertension (intracranial pressure>20 mmHg).

Results
The ONSD/ETD ratio was positively correlated with intracranial pressure (r=0.720, P<0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.900 (95% confidence interval 0.854-0.946), and the threshold was 0.248 (sensitivity 89.4%, specificity 77.5%).

Conclusion
The ONSD/ETD ratio produces higher accuracy in assessing intracranial pressure in the patients with brain injury.

Key words:
Optic nerve; Eye; Intracranial hypertension; Craniocerebral trauma


This paper presents an analytical study of the radial-flux slotless limited-angle torque motors. The modelling is based on the magnetic equivalent circuit of the actuators and uses the electromagnetic equations to calculate the air-gap flux as well as the produced torque. This model is then used for designing the actuators both in outer-rotor and inner-rotor structures, considering the design constraints and desired characteristics. As the objectives in design stage usually conflict with each other, an intelligent multi-objective optimization algorithm is required to design the best fit actuators. Analytical and simulation results are presented and compared to show the accuracy of the model and verify the design equations as well as the design approach. As this type of actuators is a key element in industrial control, the contributions of this paper are focused on new analytical field solution based on magnetic equivalent circuit, design and optimization approach for radial-flux structure and introducing a general procedure that could be extended to similar structures and actuators.


The heat and hydraulic calculation problem of serial plate heat exchangers installation is considered. The analytical correlation of optimal temperature between stages and permissible pressure drop for plate heat exchanger design is obtained. That correlation is met of the minimum of discounted value. The design of four serially installation heaters is demonstrated high efficiency of this solution


The diversity and low specifi city of clinical manifestations of COVID-19, as well as its widespread prevalence, present diffi  culties for diff erential diagnosis, including  conditions caused by drug overdose. The challenging experience of providing medical care during the coronavirus pandemic draws attention to the importance and necessity of further improving its diagnosis, especially in comorbid conditions. A clinical case of diff erential diagnosis of non- iatrogenic overdose of methotrexate in a patient with a preliminary diagnosis (virus unknown) is described: U07.2 (ICD-10) COVID-19.


This paper presents a prototype test of a GCT-STATCOM and a GCT-BTB. The massively Parallel BTB (MAPBTB) that we suggest consists of many small BTB units in parallel. A GCT-STATCOM is a minimum unit of a MAPBTB and hence the implementation of a GCT-STATCOM means the implementation of a MAPBTB. First, a trial design for an 80 MVA GCT-STATCOM is drawn, and the harmonics, the losses and the site area are calculated. A combination control method is developed, and a 26 MVA prototype GCT-STATCOM with this control is manufactured and tested. A 13 MVA prototype GCT-BTB is also tested. This STATCOM was found to be very efficient and could reduce lower harmonics by using both the GCT thyristors and the combination control with high efficiency PWM control. The suggested GCT-STATCOM and GCT-BTB are more low-loss and compact in terms of the test results and trial design.


Language reflects the thoughts,attitudes and culture of people who make it and use it.It is closely related to people' s social attitudes.This paper discusses the phenomenon and the causes of language sexism.And it also explores the developing tendency in this field.


Objective To investigate the changes of autonomic nerve function of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with panic disorder(PD). Methods All the subjects who met with the diagnostic code of CHD and PD were divided into CHD group(n=40) ,PD group(n=36) ,comorbid CHD and PD group(n=27) ,and 40physical examinee were recruited as normal control group. They had a 24 hours Holter ECG monitoring by time and frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability. ANOVA analysis was utilized to statistic the collected data. Results Compared with normal controls,the patients of others groups had every indexs of HRV were reduced. The indexs of HRV of comorbid CHD and PD were lower than the patients of CHD or PD group. The score of time domain SDNN(70.40 ± 14.74)ms,SDANN(91.72 ± 24.46)ms,PNN50(2.83 ±2.07)%, RMSSD( 15.66 ±7.45)ms,frequency domain LF(647.54 ± 129.24)ms2, HF(596. 16± 127.66) ms2 in comorbid CHD and PD. There were significant differences with others groups(P < 0.05 ). Conclusion The autonomic nervous functional of the patients with CHD and PD were in disorder. The autonomic nervous functional disorder of the patients with comorbid CHD and PD was more severe.

Key words:
Coronary heart disease;  Panic disorder;  Heart rate variability;  Autonomic nervous function


Test and evaluation of pavement structural performance is important to asphalt pavement maintenance management.Based on the test,we can judge the pavement condition and the rate of deterioration,and make decision whether rehabilitation is needed.The paper discussed the popular technique and equipments for deflection test,analyzed the method and index for pavement structural performance evaluation,presented the modified computational method,set up index conversion model,and recommended the rating standard for corresponding index.


In this chapter are found descriptions and illustrations of seventeen examples of optical hardware using many of the lens-mounting arrangements discussed earlier. The majority of these examples are described in more detail in other publications; references are provided so the reader can delve deeper into items of particular interest.


This work experimentally determines the maximum quantity of neat jojoba oil that can be applied in a CI engine. It uses a single cylinder diesel engine as a test rig and Jojoba ‐ diesel blends as a test fuel. Since the method uses a higher proportion of neat jojoba oil as test fuel, the regular operating parameters of the test engine have been modified. This work has considered injection pressure, injection timing, intake air temperature and compression ratio for the modification. Taguchi and gray relational analysis have been used for the optimization. The taguchi method has been used to minimize the number of experiments and Gray relational analysis is used for optimization. All parameter have varied in three levels and the range of parameter has chosen based on the previous experiment. An ANOVA is also conducted for the involved parameter to determine the percentage contribution of involved parameters. After the optimization a detailed engine experiment has been conducted using the test blends, to determine the performance, combustion and emission characteristics. From the obtained results, it is found that the application of neat jojoba oil upto 60% by volume is possible in CI engine with change in operating parameters. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 248–258, 2017


Many techniques were used to study eigenvalues and eigenvectors of Schrödinger equation. One of them is the threedimensional Fourier grid Hamiltonian. This method will be developed and tested for calculating theoretical spectra of bottomonium meson. Non-relativistic quark potential model is used in our work. A high accuracy results which are in a good agreement with recently published experimental masses for the ground and the radially excited states are obtained for S-wave mesons states.


Tourism is an activity carried on by individuals, which is usually enjoyed, and tobetter understand this economic phenomenon we must understand the person's behaviour – thepsychology of tourists and of those who could become tourists. Knowing how individuals makedecisions and how they structure their acquired experience can give important advantages in thebusiness practice and how we generally understand the experience in tourism.


Sleep disturbance often leads to physical and psychological distress and contributes to poor quality of life in terminal cancer patients. Midazolam is administered by continuous intravenous infusion in many Japanese palliative care units for the purpose of nocturnal sedation when patients cannot take oral medications or do not sufficiently respond to oral or per-rectal medication. However, there is insufficient data to assess optimal doses and other parameters for administration. In addition, the possibility of tolerance to midazolam reported in several studies is a further limitation. The present study retrospectively surveyed inpatient hospice experience in 19 patients who were prescribed midazolam in an attempt to induce nocturnal sedation. The midazolam infusion rate used for the longest period each day to maintain appropriate sleep without oversadation and with clear arousal on the following morning was defined as the "maintenance dose". Midazolam maintenance doses of 2 patients were greatly increased during their treatment period. Statistical analysis was then conducted in the other 17 patients using NONMEM software to analyze time-dependent changes in maintenance doses and possible associated factors. However, in the other 17 patients no significant time-dependent changes were observed during midazolam treatment. It would suggest that torerance may not be induced by intermittent administration of midazolam. Midazolam maintenance doses were significantly greater in patients treated with haloperidol.


The invention discloses a universal automatic feeding device for a punch press. The universal automatic feeding device comprises a ball backing plate, balls, a regulating nut, a magnetic suction plate, a positioning nail, a metal positioning backer, a computer slot, a push plate, a push rod, a light-rail guide rod, a bearing, ball screw rods, a guide rod support, a light-rail base plate, moving guide plates, a ball bearing bush, a light-rail guide pillar, servo motors, bearing fixing plates and a computer, wherein two special light rails which are connected in a cross manner are arranged on the device in design, the two special light rails are respectively provided with one servo motor which is used for respectively driving the corresponding ball screw rod to rotate, the magnetic suction plate is connected onto the upper-layer light rail and is used for tightly sucking a metal plate to be punched, the servo motors are controlled by the computer so as to realize automatic metal plate feeding in the directions of back and forth as well as left and right. The universal automatic feeding device for the punch press is suitable for various punch presses to complete precise punching on workpieces of various shapes and automatic discharging of various punched pieces.


This review article introduces the most studied class of gemini, dimeric, surfactants-- gemini quarternary ammonium salts alkanediyl α,ω bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) as promising oilfield chemicals. Their chemical structure and methods of synthesis are briefly described. Their physicochemical properties are summarized in some detail: critical micelle concentration; micelle aggregation number; microstructure of micelles and solution rheologic behavior; phase behavior at gas/liquid and solid/liquid interfaces; liquid crystal formation in aqueous solutions ; comparison of mono , di ,and trimeric species; others(bactericidal ability and compatibility with common surfactants).


This paper presents an in depth Structural Engineering and Structural Reliability of concrete masonary beams. The ductile response of masonary beams was studied in detail. A limit-state design methodology for reinforced concrete masonary beams is presented in this paper based on the principles of structural reliability. Recommended values of capacity reduction factors were developed that explicitly account the design safety of the limit states. The reinforcing steel bars are uniformly distributed throughout the beam section. Three different ductility definitions (Strain, Curvature, and Displacement) were studied and presented. This paper also formulated a structural reliability analysis method to establish limitations on the quantity of steel in masonary beams. Equations were derived for the expected capacity at yield and ultimate limit states. An important part of this paper was to quantify the uncertainty in the design capacity of concrete masonary beams of different limit states resulting from the variation of design variables. A famous analysis i.e. 'Monte Carlo' analysis was performed to incorporate the uncertainties in material properties, Structural engineering Equations, and construction quality control.


Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic has not spared the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region. MENA is one of the most politically, socially, and economically heterogeneous regions in the world, a characteristic reflected in its governments' responses to COVID‐19. About two‐thirds of these governments issued coronavirus‐related stay‐at‐home orders (SAHOs), one of the most effective tools public health officials have for slowing the spread of infectious diseases. While SAHOs are very effective in terms of countering infectious diseases, they are extremely disruptive in nonhealth domains. The objective of this study is to identify reliable factors related to health care policy making that shaped the decisions of MENA governments to issue a SAHO or not in response to COVID‐19. The results identify specific political, social, and medical factors that played important roles and provide a look at early government responses to a global health crisis in a heterogeneous region of the world.


The close coupled theory of scattering in a radiation field may be used to describe absorption or emission processes occurring during a collision. Using a semi-classical description of the collision we study the evolution of the collisional complex. The case of atomic hydrogen perturbed by protons is particularly interesting since the exact solution of the dynamical problem is known for a large domain of internuclear distances. In the particular case of the Ly α line we determine the characteristic time of the absorption or the emission. The « impact » and « quasistatic » limits are then analysed.


Background: The interest in shared decision making (SDM) and the use of patient decision aids have increased significantly. Research indicates that this approach has benefits, and yet, implementation remains a challenge. To illustrate this development, we focus on vaccine hesitancy which has become a serious public health challenge during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Various strategies have been used in healthcare, with limited success, to help patients overcome vaccine hesitancy. It is unclear whether SDM interventions can increase vaccination rates.


: BACKGROUND: The incidence of congenital heart disease is 0.8 in 1000 live births. Fetal echo cardiography offers a chance to detect most hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease in early pregnancy, so that their management prenatally, at birth and postnatally can be planned better. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the profile of congenital heart disease as diagnosed by fetal echocardiography, in pregnant women referred to a tertiary care centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study design is retrospective, observational study. A total number of 583 fetal echo studies were performed at our Centre from January 1 st 2014 to June 30 th 2015. All studies were performed by a single operator. The main indications for the referral were: inability to visualize a clear four chamber view on obstetric scan, echogenic focus in LV cavity, maternal diabetes, family history of congenital heart disease, and maternal request. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for social sciences SPSS: CHICAGO, 3L VSA program. All the women with abnormal FE studies, except ones with complex CHDS were instructed to bring the new borns for 2D echo within 1 – 2 days after birth. RESULTS: Overall, significant CHD was found in 5.4% of FE studies (32 out of 583 cases). The most common indications for referral were: inability to visualize a clear four chamber view on obstetric scan, echogenic focus in LV cavity, maternal diabetes, family history of congenital heart disease, and maternal request. The risk factors with highest yield of CHD were poly hydroamnios and maternal diabetes. The commonest lesion found was ostium secundum ASD. There was a significant correlation between the presence of echogenic focus prenatally and small to moderate sized ostium secundum ASD after birth. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that the risk factors with highest yield of CHD are polyhydromnios and meternal diabetes. Presence of echogenic focus in the LV in FE is associated with increased frequency of ostium secundum ASD postnatally and may be an indication for postnatal 2D echo screening. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a retroseptive analysis and included the data of 583 FE studies performed at our centre between January 2014 and June 2015. The studies were performed mostly between 20 to 22 weeks of gestation, by a single operator. Fetal 2D, M mode and Doppler echocardiography including color flow imaging was performed with IE 33 echo machine (Philips), using 1 to 5 MHz and 3 to 8 MHz Probes. The FE studies were performed in accordance with American institute of ultra sound in medicine (AIUM) practice guide lines for the performance of fetal echo cardiography. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for social sciences SPSS: CHICAGO, IL USA program, version 15. Continuous data were expressed as mean +standard deviation.


Abstract : ARC's Cutting Edge Research: Develop simulation and modeling tools for discovering and assessing critical ground vehicles technologies. Thrust Area 1: Intelligent Vehicle Dynamics and Control. Thrust Area 2: Human Centered Design Simulation. Thrust Area 3: High Performance Structures and Materials. Thrust Area 4: Advanced and Hybrid Powertrains. Thrust Area 5: Vehicle System Integration, Optimization and Robustness.


Personal evidence is an integral part of criminal justice. It helps to prove mental element of crime and plays an important role in forming the judge's internal beliefs. The rules regulating forming of personal evidence express the essence of the law of evidence and criminal procedure. The existing criminal procedure legislation concerning the regulation of obtaining personal evidence and testimony doesn't fully meet with the standards of fair trial. In the new Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation the institute of personal evidence should be based on new conceptual principles of adversary, direct, oral legal evidence. Personal evidence should be formed involving both adversary parties directly in front of the judge. Use of written derivative personal evidence should be exceptional. Personal evidence is an oral statement to prove the fact, made by a person directly in court during judicial proceedings. A principle condition is the direct presence of judge in presentation, verification and assessment of personal evidence. Judge's participation in proving consists in verification and assessment of this evidence. The author proposes to introduce the procedure of evidence deposition to the Russian criminal proceedings. The author stresses the necessity to fix the defendant's right to confrontation with witnesses and their cross examination in court in the Criminal Procedure Code. It is important to increase the requirements for the admissibility of personal evidence obtained during preliminary investigation at the legislative level. The author believes that the preliminary investigation reform is necessary to equalize the parties' rights to form personal evidence.


T HE unintelligent are those who speak hasty and absolute judgments-such is the substance of one of Mr. Bertrand Russell's remarks. Those who ponder the scope and wisdom of our anti-trust laws may well take this commentary to heart, for, in the majority of cases, the ordinary observer has not even inventoried the important factors which should be given consideration before reaching a conclusion in respect to such laws.


As product life cycles have become shorter, the length of time required to develop new products (the time-to-market interval) has become a critical competitive problem for many companies. This paper summarizes some approaches that can be used to reduce this interval. Companies must change to a time-based mindset and develop a new design paradigm. Finally, the paper suggests an approach using real time-to-market data to drive the needed changes


Citrus is a globally cultivated fruit crop that has been heavily industrialised to manufacture food products. It is commonly sought out for its nutritional benefits. However, parallel to rapid industrialisation, parts of the crop's physical composition (inner and outer peel, seeds etc.) are often discarded to the environment as waste. Recent advancement in technology has led researchers to look for alternatives to recover potential therapeutic compounds from citrus fruit waste, directly extending the life of the waste and indirectly solving waste management concerns. Citrus fruit peels are especially rich in flavonoid compounds, a subclass of the many phytochemicals largely present in the body of the fruit. Flavonoid compounds have the capacity to be act as antioxidants, leaving room for the potential of the flavonoids present in fruit waste to be commercialized as a natural bioresource. This study aims to extract and recover the flavonoid compounds present in the peels of citrus fruits calamansi (Citrus microcarpa), kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix), and key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) via ethanolic extraction and test the presence of recovered flavonoid compounds via alkaline reagent test. In addition, this study also aims to measure the antioxidant activities of all three citrus fruit peel samples via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. This study hopes to shed light on the therapeutic potential of citrus fruit peel waste as a bioresource which could benefit communities in the future.


Understanding the interactions between polymer-grafted nanoparticles is imperative to predict the macroscale mechanical properties of the nanocomposites they form. Molecular dynamics simulations ca...


A study method on the reliability of distribution system is introduced.In the study on distribution system reliability firstly need to determine the distribution network to be "unexpected events"(the key power bus),to establish reliability model for critical power bus,namely to establish the "fault logic tree" for critical power bus with the software of reliability analysis to calculate,quantify the risk level-failure rate associated with grid structure and operation mode.Through the calculation,the probability of each electrical component on adverse events can be determined,as well as the failure rate of key power supply bus,thus the weaknesses for the reliability of power supply distribution network are improved.Combined with an engineering case,both the study method and significance of distribution system reliability are expounded.


We observed the optical and NIR counterpart of the recently discovered X-ray transient MAXI J1659-152 (Negoro et al. 2010, ATel #2873; Mangano et al. 2010, GCN #11296) with the REM telescope located in La Silla (Chile) in imaging mode using the V, R, I, J, H and K filters.


Review(s) of: The Governors of New South Wales, 1788-2010, by David Clune and Ken Turner (eds), Federation Press, Sydney, 2009. pp. xxii, 666.


Bridges are crucial elements in transportation networks. During their service life, these structures are subjected to various types of natural hazards that can affect their safety and sustainability. In our region, tropical cyclones and intense precipitation, along with the resulting flooding and storm surge, have been especially hazardous to bridges. Moreover, with the increasing intensity of weather-related hazards driven by changing climate conditions and the increasing occurrence probability of damaging earthquakes, bridges in our region are subjected an ever-increasing threat due to the cumulative effects of natural hazards that they were not designed to withstand.


Purpose:
To evaluated the effects of L-lysine on the intestinal and urothelial epithelia in cystoplasty in rats.

Methods:
Twenty-eight 9-week-old rats were assigned to 4 groups: Group A (n=8) cystoplasty followed by administration of L-lysine (150 mg/kg body weight by gavage) for 30 weeks; Group B (n=8) cystoplasty + water for 30 weeks; Group C (n=6) L-lysine for 30 weeks; Group D (n=6) water for 30 weeks.

Results:
On histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin, mild to moderate hyperplasia transitional was observed in at the site of anastomosis in all animals submitted to cystoplasty (Groups A and B), but "transitional metaplasia" of the intestinal glandular epithelium was more accentuated in Group A (p=0.045). No inflammatory cells, dysplasia or abnormalities were observed. Staining with Alcian blue revealed a substantial reduction of goblet cells and mucins in the colon segment (Groups A and B).

Conclusion:
The administration of L-lysine to rats accelerated the development of transitional metaplasia in the epithelium of the colon segment in cystoplasty.


Schwannomatosis is a genetic disease characterized by multiple non-vestibular
schwannomas with an unknown genetic cause. One recent study suggested that schwannomatosis
may be as common as neurofibr


The main objective of this paper has been the use of GIS technology to assisting local Government on the sustainable management of land resources. The study not only provided the basic spatial database in communal level, but also evaluated the soil and land suitability, land use, land use changes and agricultural land urbanization. The land information database is established for Kryevidh commune (Tirana District). During the land data collection and its processing are found out the most important soil characteristics and qualities, as well as is accomplished the agricultural land suitability assessment classified in four suitable classes (S1- S4) and one non suitable (N). About 52.8% of Kryevidh commune is occupied with N class the other is occupied with S1, S2, S3 and S4, respectively 5%, 11.4%, 16.5% and 14.3%. Based in the land use information before and post 1991 it is analyzed changes of land use in communal level. The main changes have been occurred on agriculture land. In this class transformations from agriculture to non agriculture are observed. Also, changes are observed within agriculture land where 293 ha or 9.9% of suitable land is fallow. The data shows that 147 ha (14%) of suitable land for agriculture is occupied with the new buildings. There are derived the maps for land suitability, land use for 1991 and 2009, as well as land use changes. The results of this study suggested that urgent measures are needed to protect agriculture land from further urbanisation.


There is an extensive literature about comparative electoral systems. This article is highly instructive, especially for a newcomer to the subject, by reviewing the several alternative systems. It goes beyond that review to analyze the pro's and con's of the alternatives, and to give a history of the systems' used in a variety of countries. The author expresses his own recommendations, seeing particular merit in "mixed single-vote" systems. Further, he proposes a new vote linkage method of seat allocation under such voting rules. He says the new method secures a high degree of proportionality while solving a problem known as "overhang seats".Key Words: Elections; Electoral systems; Mixed compensatory electoral systems; Mixed member-proportional systems; Mixed single-vote electoral systems; Rules of seat allocation; Overhang seats.Types of electoral systems "Mixed electoral systems" are conventionally defined as electoral systems that involve the combination of different electoral formulas (plurality mixed with proportional representation (PR); or majority mixed with PR) for an election to a single body (Massicotte and Blais 1999: 345). Since both plurality/majority and proportional representation electoral rules have advantages of their own, there are reasons to expect that systems that mix them 'allow nations to tailor their electoral systems so as to potentially have their cake and eat it too' (Shugart and Wattenberg 2001a: 1); that is, that they combine the advantages of their component parts. At the same time, each of the 'pure' electoral system types is not devoid of certain shortcomings, which makes the above-cited statement justifiable only if the disadvantages are not mutually reinforcing.Plurality/majority systems. Under plurality/majority electoral rules, the winner is defined as a candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate in the given district, which constitutes the plurality rule, or as a candidate who receives more than a half of the vote, which constitutes the majority rule. Most often, plurality/majority rules are applied in single-member electoral districts, i.e. districts returning only one deputy. The most widespread variety of the plurality rule is single-member plurality, currently employed in the United States, the United Kingdom, and many other countries, including Bangladesh, Canada, India, Malaysia, Nigeria, and Pakistan. The most widespread variety of the majority rule is two- round majority, an electoral system that makes it necessary to hold an additional election (the second round, also known as runoff) in those cases when none of the candidates receives more than a half of the vote in the first round. The most prominent example of the two-round majority system in the contemporary world is France. A specific modification of the majority system, the so called alternative vote, is used in Australia.The most important advantage of plurality/majority systems is that voters casts their is votes for a concrete person who aspires to represent a concrete territorial unit of the state. Thus such systems are consistent with the principle of individual representation of geographic constituencies, which contributes to establishing ties between the representatives and the represented and fosters political accountability. The main disadvantage of plurality/majority systems is that, under certain conditions, they produce large discrepancies between the party preferences of the electorate and the political composition of the elected body, which means that they do not fare well on the parameter known as proportionality of election results. First, they make it possible for a party to win a plurality or even a majority of the vote nationwide, but nevertheless to lose elections by receiving a minority of legislative seats. There were three such instances in the post-war history of the United Kingdom. Second, they tend to be detrimental to the representation of parties that enjoy relatively small but sizeable support nationwide without being rooted in specific territories (Farrell 1997). …


1. 1 Let {1C be a separable infinite dimensional Hilbert space, Jl ({1C) the algebra of all bounded operators a, !J( (a) the ideal of compact operators, IQ ({1C) the quotient algebra 12 ({1C) / !X ({1C) , and 7T: the canonical homomorphism of JJ. ({1C) onto @([J{). Let X be a compact Hausdorff space and C (X) be the algebra of all complex-valued continuous functions on X. Brown, Douglas and Fi1Imore initiated in their pioneer work [2J the study of the group Ext X consisting of unitary equivalence classes of unital *-monomorphism ': : C (X) --> (iJ ({1C) . The group Ext X has many interesting features. Recently the theory of Ext has been generalized to non-commutative C*algebras with remarkable successes by work of many mathematicians (see for example [IJ). 1. 2 Let 7« be a IL-factor acting on H. It is well-known that mpossesses an ideal analogous to K(H); namely, the norm-closed two sided ideal (}(7«) generated by all finite projections in 7«. Let @(m) denote the quotient algebra and 7T: the canonical homomorphism. Then one can consider unitary equivalence classes of unital *-monomorphism 7: : C (X) -~) @(m) and can ask whether there exists a parallel theory in the context of IL-factors. Fi1Imore [5J and Cho [4J indeed succeeded in developing extension theory to relative to IIN-factors. Then the obvious question would be: is there any fruitful theory of extension relative to a II",-factor for separable nuclear C*-algebras? Arveson's observation and Choi-Effros lifting theorm of completely positive maps (see for example [IJ) make it possible that the unitary equivalence classes of unital *-monomorphism 7:: (J--> @(WO for a separable nuclear C*algebra (j forms an abelian group provided that one can have the Voiculescu's non-commutative Weyl-von Neumann theorem analogue in the context of IL-factors. 1. 3 In this note, we examine lifting problem of unital *-monomorphism r : (J --> @(m). Similar lifting problem for the classical Calkin algebra was


Introduction: the Constitution of the Republic of Cuba in its Article 50 states: "... Everyone has the right to receive medical care and health protection". It is in this context that the activities of quality management, measurement and improvement should be developed in health care institutions as the most important strategic guidelines. Objective: to assess the management and productivity of bed availability applying hospital indicators. Method: an observational, descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was conducted at No-2 Intensive Care Unit where the behavior of the hospital indicators from the year 2006 to 2015 was assessed. Results: the average of occupancy rate was 91.15%, demonstrating efficiency; replacement interval was below 0.5 in the last two years, classifying as warm bed. The average turnover rate was 38.8 and the average rate of stay 8.4. Conclusions: the indicators analyzed are an essential tool to improve the quality of public health services, considering the efficacy and effectiveness of the bed resource in the hospital.


This paper describes how rehabilitation of a concrete pavement on a multi-lane urban commuter freeway provides an interesting challenge for the highway engineer, especially in terms of economic restraints. The need exists for a hot mix resurfacing system that will produce a long wearing surface with good friction properties and that will withstand high traffic volumes. The paper outlines the background and describes the rehabilitation techniques used to improve the driving qualities of a 12-16 lane urban commuter freeway, 50 km in length, in Toronto. Details provided include pavement history, traffic data, selection of pavement rehabilitation techniques and environmental and capacity improvements.


A simulation model has been proposed and used to predict the behavior of a laboratory pseudoadiabatic reactor for the transformation of methanol into hydrocarbons. The model incorporates recent advances in the kinetic modeling of the main reaction steps and of the deactivation by coke of the catalyst in the 350−450 °C range and is efficient for analyzing the effect of process conditions (space time, water content and inert gas in the feed, and inlet temperature) on the evolution with time on stream of the temperature profile along the reactor and on the yields of the product lumps.


A dataset of 1,846,990 completed lactation record,; was created Using milk recording data from 8,967 commercial dairy farms in the United Kingdom over a five year period. Herd-specific lactation curves describing levels of milk, Cat and protein by lactation number and month of calving were generated for each farm. The actual yield of milk and protein proportion at the first milk recording of individual cow lactations were compared with the levels taken from the lactation curves. Logistic regression analysis showed that cows production milk with a lower percentage of protein than average had a significantly lower probability of being in-calf at 100 days post calving and it significantly higher probability of being culled at the end of lactation. The culling rates derived from the studied database demonstrate the current high wastage rate of commercial dairy cows. Well of this wastage is due to involuntary culling as a result of reproductive failure.


In MANET, mobile nodes are connected without any centralized administration. Due to that, a mobile node is easily affected by means of several attacks. Due to these attacks, network is totally partitioned and more packet congestion occurs. Because of improper scheduling, congestion level of network will get increase unlimitedly. To provide an authenticity of data packets and avoiding more congestion, there is a need of secure and scheduling mechanism in networks. In this research paper, we developed a CDMA based Secure Cross layer framework for authentication and scheduling. Here the cross layer is introduced to improve the quality and lifetime of nodes as well as links. The scheduling procedure is proposed to reach the packets in a time slot manner. In authentication phase, we proposed the modified concept of RSA scheme. Here the asymmetric key is chosen. Both encryption and decryption phases are used to validate the cipher text and manipulate the plaintext according the given message. By using extensive simulation, the proposed scheme achieves better throughput, packet delivery ratio, low end to end delay and overhead than the existing schemes.


According to the working feature of the elastic belt conveyor,an automatic tensioning device is designed.Introduces the total desiging plan of the automatic tensioning device and illustrates the components and working principles of the automatic tensioning device.The results of the experimentation show that the tensioning device has the ability of automatic adjusting of the belts tension,rapid respond velocity,better adaptability,convenient control,good safety and prefect function.


Providing a multi-user multi-carrier communication system are synchronized, the method, and a computer-readable medium having instructions. For example, synchronized multi-user multi-carrier communication system, a transmitter and a receiver communicatively coupled to the transmitter via a plurality of communication channels associated with a plurality of users, the transmitter and the receiver coupled to at least one of which includes a computing device comprising a memory device in communication with one or more processors. One or more processors, to obtain noise samples of a plurality of communication channels, to determine the binding between the carrier on the plurality of communications channels, to determine the noise model of the carrier based on the noise samples and the determined binding , and is configured to store the noise model in the memory device. .FIELD 1A


This paper aims to understand the I/O-complexity of maintaining a big sample set---whose size exceeds the internal memory's capacity---on a data stream. We study this topic in a new computation model, named the external memory stream (EMS) model, that naturally extends the standard external memory model to stream environments. A suite of EMS-indigenous techniques are presented to prove matching lower and upper bounds for with-replacement (WR) and without-replacement (WoR) sampling on append-only and time-based sliding window streams, respectively. Our results imply that, compared to RAM, the EMS model is perhaps a more suitable computation model for studying stream sampling, because the new model separates different problems by their hardness in ways that could not be observed in RAM.


Two one-parameter families of twists providing κ−Minkowski ∗−product deformed spacetime are considered: Abelian and Jordanian. We compare the derivation of quantum Minkowski space from two perspect iv s. First one is the Hopf module algebra point of view, which is strictl y related with Drinfeld's twisting tensor technique. An other one relies o n an appropriate extension of deformed realizations of non-deformed Lorent z algebra by the quantum Minkowski algebra. This extension turns out to be de Sitter Lie algebra. We show the way both approaches are related. The sec ond path allows us to calculate deformed dispersion relation for toy models ensuing from different twist parameters. In the Abelian case one amazingly re covers κ−Poincare dispersion relation having numerous application s n DSR. Jordanian twists provide new type of dispersion relations w hich in the minimal case (related with Weyl-Poincare algebra) takes energy -dependent linear mass deformation formula. ∗e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com †e-mail: email@example.com


A Digital Twin is a digital replica of a living or nonliving physical entity, and this emerging technology attracted extensive attention from different industries during the past decade. Although a few Digital Twin studies have been conducted in the transportation domain very recently, there is no systematic research with a holistic framework connecting various mobility entities together. In this study, a mobility digital twin (MDT) framework is developed, which is defined as an artificial intelligence (AI)-based data-driven cloud–edge–device framework for mobility services. This MDT consists of three building blocks in the physical space (namely, Human, Vehicle, and Traffic), and their associated Digital Twins in the digital space. An example cloud–edge architecture is built with Amazon Web Services (AWS) to accommodate the proposed MDT framework and to fulfill its digital functionalities of storage, modeling, learning, simulation, and prediction. A case study of the personalized adaptive cruise control (P-ACC) system is conducted, which integrates the key microservices of all three digital building blocks of the MDT framework: 1) the Human Digital Twin with user management and driver type classification; 2) the Vehicle Digital Twin with cloud-based advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS); and 3) the Traffic Digital Twin with traffic flow monitoring and variable speed limit. Future challenges of the proposed MDT framework are discussed toward the end of the article, including standardization, AI for computing, public or private cloud service, and network heterogeneity.


Halogenation is one of the fundamental organic transformations 1 – 2 and organohalides have a variety of applications. 3 – 10 Dihalogenated aromatics are fundamental substrates for preparation of drug frameworks and are useful synthetic intermediates, 11 so regioselective synthesis of dihaloarenes and monohaloarenes is a significant area of research. Bromine itself is the oldest and most widely used reagent for the preparation of organobromides. 12 – 14 But this method has the specific drawbacks of environmental pollution, polybromination of highly activated anilines and phenols, low atom economy, and the production of toxic HBr gas. This has led to the replacement of bromine with alternate lower-toxicity reagents, such as N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), 15 – 17 tribromoisocyanuric acid (TBCA), 18 or 1-butyl-3-meth-ylimidazolium tribromide, 19 – 20 among other methods. 20 – 24 Metal catalyzed brominations have been extensively used. 25 – 34 Brominations have been carried out using co-oxidants such as PhI(OAc) 2 or H 2 O 2 . 35 – 36 Quaternary ammonium salts and pyridinium salts have also been used. 37 – 39 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine tribromide has been used for the a -bromination of carbonyl compounds. 40 N, N-Dibromotosylamide (TsNBr 2 ) is another reagent which was employed for rapid bromination of aromatic compounds. 41 In its own context, each of these methods has its own merits, but some have the limitations of low selectivity, low substrate conversion, high temperatures, or longer reaction times. In this paper we now report our results for the regioselective bromination


Several ruthenium(II) 2-pyridylphosphine PPh3xpy x (PNX, where x = 1, 2, 3 and Ph = phenyl group, py = 2-pyridyl group) complexes were synthesized and characterized. The use of the 2-pyridylphosphines was prompted by the potential of forming water soluble complexes, for use in olefin hydration catalysis (i.e., adding H 2 O across a carboncarbon double bond). With ruthenium, the PN X ligands exhibited a variety of coordination modes, including coordination through the phosphorus only (P), the phosphorus and one pyridyl group (P,N), the phosphorus and two pyridyl groups (P,N,N'; PN2 and PN3 only), and through three pyridyl groups (N,N',N"; PN3 only). Complexes synthesized were characterized in general by a combination of 3 P{H} NMR, !H NMR, IR, and UV-visible spectroscopies, as well as conductivity and elemental analysis, while four complexes were also characterized by X-ray crystallography. The water-soluble complexes [RuCl(PNx)3]Cl (x = 2, (3); 3, (1)) and [RuCl(PPh3)(PN3)2]Cl (2b) were obtained by ligand substitution of RuCl2(PPh3)3 with excess PNX in C6H6. With six equivalents of PN3, complexes 1 and 2b are obtained as a mixture. Complex 1 was synthesized independently by reaction of [RuCl2(CsHi2)]n (C8H12 = COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with three equivalents of P N 3 in refluxing methanol, while 2b was obtained by reaction of RuCl2(PPh3)3 with two equivalents of PN3 in CH2CI2 at room temperature. Fifteen equivalents of PN2 were used to produce 3 via ligand substitution of RuCl2(PPh3)3 in C6H6All three complexes contain two PjiV-coordinated PNX ligands with the other phosphine P-coordinated. Complex 2b was also isolated as the PF6" (2c) and BPh4" (2d) salts. An X-ray crystal structure of 2c confirmed the coordination geometry. In water, 1 and 3 dissociate chloride to form [Ru(PNX)3] 2 + cations with all three PN X ligands as P,N chelates. The cations were isolated as the PF6" (x = 2, 3) and BPI14"


Self-assembly ('building') approaches can provide well-controlled structures and assemblies at the nanometer scale, but typically do not provide the specific structures or functionalities required for robust nanoelectronic circuits. One approach to realize high-density nanoelectronic circuits is to combine self-assembly techniques with more conventional semiconductor device and circuit approaches ('chiseling') in order to provide suitable functionality and arbitrary circuit functions. An interesting challenge is to find approaches where these techniques can be combined to realize suitable device structures. This paper describes recent work which combines self-assembly techniques involving metal nanoclusters and conjugated organic molecules with semiconductor interface and device structures to form structures of interest for nanoelectronics. One key requirement for this approach is the availability of a chemically stable semiconductor surface layer, which can provide a low-resistance interface between the metallic nanostructure and the semiconductor device layers following room-temperature, ex situ processing. As an illustration of the structures which can be realized, we describe a nanometer-scale ohmic contact to n-type GaAs which utilizes low-temperature-grown GaAs as the chemically stable interface layer. Contact structures have been realized using both isolated (sparse) clusters and using close-packed arrays of clusters on the surface. The low-resistance contacts between the nanoclusters and the semiconductor device layers indicates that relatively low surface barriers and high doping densities have been achieved in these ex situ structures. The general conduction model


Golf,which advocates similar traditional Chinese virtues such as good manners,integrity,fairness and equality,is suitable to develop in China.Based on the comparison of characteristics of golf culture and Chinese social and cultural commonalities,the paper describes the cultural spread status of golf in China's social transitional period.It points out the loss in the cultural development of golf in China and hopes that golf culture can develop well with the joint efforts of golf associations,golf clubs and the media.


This study is a survey of Korean automobile manufacturers in Europe, which examines the different perceptions of emerging multinationals to economic integration and the subsequent strategic reactions relating to their particular characteristics. The findings show dissimilar patterns and motivations for Korean automotive foreign direct investment (FDI) when compared to those of established multinationals, which are conceptualized as a pre-emptive strategic advance, particularly in relation to the changing ownership endowments and negative perceptions of the single European market. These finding imply that conventional variables are unlikely to be applicable to emerging multinationals and show the need to segregate them from other multinationals when formulating industrial policies and firm-level competing strategies.