will cause clinicians to consider imiquimod a reasonable option for LM. This agent can be prescribed by any doctor and a 'practical guide' may see use in broader circumstances than the authors intend. The authors note their experience in the ongoing radical trial comparing imiquimod and radiation treatment for LM. The results from this trial are not available. No data are presented on clinical outcomes from this regimen. Thus, the cure rate, safety, compliance figures, cosmetic and functional outcomes of the guide regimen are unknown. It is possible this regimen is optimal and beneficial. Equally, the radical trial may demonstrate that imiquimod is ineffective or perhaps has a negative impact. Radiation treatment may emerge as the preferred option. The abstract concludes 'Based on our multidisciplinary experience and review of the literature, we propose practical clinical strategies for the use of imiquimod for treating LM, detailing optimal administration procedures in various clinical scenarios and long-term management, with the aim of facilitating optimal patient outcomes'. The phrase 'Based on our multidisciplinary experience. . .' implies there exists a rigorous assessment of the outcomes of this regimen. In the absence of any supportive data from the ongoing trial or the author's own experience, the reader cannot critically assess this statement. Lesions of LM inoperable for reasons of size or location are extremely rare. We feel the article and its abstract do not emphasise this sufficiently. Their own published figures show that over a 14-month period 113 of 117 lesions of LM or LMM type were treated surgically. 70 of these were in situ and only one patient, who had involved margins, received imiquimod. Patients inoperable due to ill health would be candidates for careful observation. Their proposal that cosmetic concerns justify the use of an agent with unknown efficacy in young, fit patients is worrying. Especially as superior cosmesis to surgery seems to be assumed not demonstrated. Surgical treatment is far from synonymous with disfigurement or excessive morbidity. The authors postulate that the presence of or progression to occult invasion in LM is greater than previously thought. This adds further weight to the use of imiquimod only after very careful consideration. In conclusion, the misleading title and absence of a clear directive in the abstract to ensure multidisciplinary review risks inappropriate prescribing of imiquimod for LM. This article needs modification. The title should reflect the lack of a robust evidence base for the use of imiquimod. The abstract should stress that imiquimod would rarely need consideration and should only be prescribed after multidisciplinary specialist review. Funding Sources: This article has no funding source. Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. Prior Presentation: This manuscript has not been published previously and has not been submitted elsewhere. Submitted 26 October 2021; accepted 1 December 2021. Dermatology societies in Australia e197should stress that imiquimod would rarely need consideration and should only be prescribed after multidisciplinary specialist review. Funding Sources: This article has no funding source. Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. Prior Presentation: This manuscript has not been published previously and has not been submitted elsewhere. Submitted 26 October 2021; accepted 1 December 2021. Dermatology societies in Australia e197 2022 Australasian College of Dermatologists.


In the adult, neurogenesis occurs primarily in the hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and subventricular zone. Unlike neurons, neuroglia proliferate throughout life in response to brain aging and damage. We investigated the role of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) in transdifferentiating neuroglia into precursor cells and eventually neurons. C6 rat glioma cells, a mixture of astrocyte and oligodendrocytes, was treated with 50ng/mL EGF for 30 days. EGF increases proliferation, but reduces overtime the activity of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) and 2′3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′ phosphohydrolase (CNP), the enzyme markers for astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, respectively. Simultaneously, immunofluoresence imaging showed that after 14 days of EGF treatment, neuroglial cells expressed the neuronal marker, Nestin. By 21 days, electrophysiological recordings show a resting membrane potential resembling that of neurons rather than that of neuroglia and some isolated action spikes. Thus, EGF treatment of neuroglial cells induces dedifferentiation of these cells and their transdifferentiation to exhibit certain neuronal characteristics. Supported by NIH Grant AG 19145‐05.


The article deals with the problems of criminal law protection of intellectual property rights in the field of industrial property (industrial designs, inventions and utility models) under the Criminal Code of Ukraine. During the writing of the article were considered and analyzed the rules contained section V of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The analysis of approaches of scientists concerning issues of passing the norms of the criminal code of Ukraine concerning the responsibility for violation of intellectual property rights in the field of industrial property outside the scope of Section V of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is carried out.


Psychoanalytic relaxation targets the subjectivation of the patient, the appropriation of his/her body (anatomic body, desiring body, body with its past, and relational body marked by castration), but also at mobilization of its psychical functioning. The regression induced by relaxation bypasses the person's usual defenses and facilitates access to unconscious processes, which are possibly less accessible by words alone. The great flexibility of this method (though preferably not the only one used by the therapist) illustrates clinical elements such as transference and counter-transference better than diagnoses. Defects in mental processes and intellectualized words which have lost corporal anchoring, find, in this method, an interesting approach, often allowing for yet a later and completely different process. In a group, the method is enriched by everyone's differences and numerous associations, which greatly facilitate the overall process.


Main methods of casing-head gas utilization in oil-gas condensate fields development was examined. It s shown that in the difficult of access remote oil producing regions it is possible to pump casing-head gas in a porous stratums for the purpose of temporary storing and subsequent using as a first stage of the casing-head gas utilization. Outlined proper porous stratums for the creation of temporary underground casing-head gas storages. Complex of technologies, which was developed and approved in underground gas storage is examined. It is shown application of these technologies in rational oil-gas condensate fields mining and temporary storing of casing-head gas.


This study aims to analyze the types and factors that cause difficulties experienced by students in solving quadratic equations in class XI SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Surakarta in terms of learning styles. This type of research is qualitative with a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects in this study were six students of class XI Accounting with different types of learning styles. Data collection techniques used in the form of questionnaires, documentation, and interviews. Data analysis technique is done by data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that students with visual learning styles experienced types of difficulties in arithmetic operations, transferring knowledge, lacking understanding of mathematical language, and in visual perception with factors causing students' difficulties to be inaccurate, lacking in prerequisite material, and not understanding basic concepts. Difficulties experienced by students with auditory learning styles are difficulties in transferring knowledge, lack of understanding of mathematical language, and in visual perception with factors that cause difficulties in not understanding basic concepts and lack of practice exercises. Difficulties possessed by students with kinesthetic learning styles namely in arithmetic operations, transfer of knowledge, lack of understanding of mathematical language, and in visual perception with factors that cause difficulty in lack of practice exercises and inaccurate in solving problems.
Keywords: difficulties, learning styles, and quadratic equations


A nonwoven web comprising a layer of polymeric fibers, wherein, based on the total number of polymeric fibers, at least 10% the polymeric fibers in said layer are coarse fibers having a fiber diameter of 4 mu m or more, and at least 10% of the polymeric fibers in said layer are fine fibers having a fiber diameter of 2 mu m or less. Also described herein is a method for making the nonwoven web, comprising melt-blowing a polymer mixture comprising two immiscible or partially miscible polymers.


On the base of clinic analysis and the results of additional methods of investigation (TKD, X-ray e.t.c) there were obtained the main functions and criteria of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. There was elaborated quick method for investigation of children at non-stationary conditions.


The article discusses the features of the use of sports tourism in the physical education of students. The paper proposes a classification of sports and health tourism. In the pedagogical experiment, a program was tested aimed at improving the physical and functional fitness of those engaged in recreational tourism.


: Lipid membranes are abundant in living organisms, where they constitute a surrounding shell for cells and their organelles. There are a lot of circumstances in which the deformations of lipid membranes are involved in living cells: fusion and fission, membrane-mediated interaction between membrane components, lipid-protein interaction, formation of pores, etc. In all of these cases, elastic parameters of lipid membranes are important for the description of membrane deformations, as these parameters determine energy barriers and characteristic times of membrane-in-volved phenomena. Since the development of molecular dynamics (MD), a variety of methods have been proposed for the determination of elastic parameters of in silico simulated lipid membranes. MD approaches are characterized by their own peculiarities in comparison with experiments, allowing the consideration of details unattainable in experimental techniques. These MD approaches represent a distinct scientific field, which is rapidly developing. In this work, we review these MD approaches and describe their capabilities, applicability conditions, problems, advantages and disadvantages in comparison with each other, existing challenges, and directions for further development.


Polypropylene (PP) sheets obtained through a two-step process (masterbatch method) were crosslinked by electron beam irradiation. The crosslinked PP sheets were foamed in an oven under different processing conditions. The effects of foaming temperature and time on the mechanical properties and cell structure of PP foams were studied. With the foaming temperature increasing and foaming time lengthening, both the compression modulus and compression strength dropped. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to study the morphology and cell structure of different samples and the related morphology parameters were acquired. The results showed there was an optimum temperature and time that produced the maximum expansion ratio or the minimum foam density. As foaming temperature or time increased, the cell size increased and the cell density decreased regularly. Excessively high foaming temperature and overly long foaming time caused the coalescence and even the collapse of the cells.


months before his death the pain abated, and he found he could hear a grating noise in the neck on slight rotation of the head. On a post mortem examination, the two first cervical vertebroe were found to be carious. Mr. Hilton has recorded the case of a gentleman whom he saw in consultation with Dr. Bright. The patient was twenty-eight years of age, and had suffered from pain at the back of the head for some time. It was thought to be rheumatic. "The cause of the pain was the question to be decided. Dr. Bright entertained an opinion that pain at the back of the head resulted somefimes from the close proximity of the vertebral artery to the suboccipital nerve, between the occiput and the atlas, or to the great occipital nerve, between tlle atlas and axis, and that the pressure of the artery upon one of these nerves produced the pain at the back of the head; and herein is the chief reason for my mentioning this individual case, because I believe the explanation will not hold good as regards the suboccipital nerve, for that nerve rarely sends normally any filaments to the skin beyond the muscles; indeed, it is chiefly a motor nerve coming off only from the anterior part of the spinal marrow. The great occipital nerve supplied the skin where the pain was felt by this gentleman, and in tracing this nerve towards the spine we came to the cause, viz., disease between the first and second cervical vertebroe. The patient was ultimately cured by continued rest in the nearly horizontal position; the cure, however, consisted in complete ankylosis of the bones, and a fixed neck, with the head turned somewhat downwards and towards the left side. This patient died from pulmonary consumption twelve years after his recovery from his disease of the spine" (On Pain and the Therapeutic Influence of RestThe Lancet, vol. ii, i86o, page 379). 1 have noticed occipital pain often enough in cases of nervous and neuralgic headache. When the patient has a mere tingling sensation at the top and side of the head; the pain at the back of the neck may be almost unendurable; it may fix itself over the occipital protuberance and involve the lower half of the bone from-ear to ear, so that he feels he cannot support his head. If the pulse be slow and feeble, and there are the symptoms of acute congestion, the cerebellum and the veins in its neighbourhood are probably so full of blood as to act prejudicially on some part of the brain itself. Professor Hermann Meyer states that the right lateral sinus is larger than the left, and that the blood which flows through it goes on in a quicker stream than that which passes through the left side. This, he says, is owing to the more vertical course of the right innominate vein, which is almost in a straight line with the vena cava superior below it, and with the internal jugular beyond it, the sinus opening directly into the latter vein. The more horizontal position of the left innominate vein probably retards the return of blood from the left lateral sinus (the London Medical Recorid, October 15th, 1878, page 431). From all that has been said, we shall scarcely overlook the importance of carefully inquiring whether the patient who complains of occipital headache has at any time received a blov at the back of the head, which might be forgotten with the lapse of time. Slight injuries received in-early life at the back of the neck, over the spine, have been followed in after years by disease of the vertebrse and the brain itself. Dr. Bastian has recorded two cases of children, aged respectively five and ten, where symptoms, indicative of disease of the cerebellum, followed an injury to the occiput. Dulness of manner, attacks of vertigo, sickness, staggering gait, and severe occipital pains, lasting many months, were the leading symptoms in one case. In improvement took place iinder iodide of potassium and cod-liver oil. In the second case, the occipital pains were associated with vomiting, and, after the patient had remained in bed five weeks, "she had a sort of fit". She could not support her head, and staggered in her walk. Her sight also began to fail. Similar treatment was adopted to that of the first case, and a year later she was well, except that in walking she kept her legs apart, and slightly reeled (Ibid., page 436). In the first case, Dr. Bastian thinks it not imiiprobable that a small tumiour may have formed, and that, in the second, there was a small abscess which had become absorbed, and the cyst shrunken. It would seem to me that, in the absence of fever, epileptic seizures, or rigors, severe congestion or slight -inflamnmatory effusion would be enough to account for the symptoms in each case. I will consider on a future occasion those varieties of nervous headache attended with a disturbance of vision, and with disordered sensation of the upper and lower extremities.


Modern possibilities and principles of rational treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory infection in children are demonstrated in this article. Epidemiology and etiology characteristics of acute respiratory infections during the period of seasonal morbidity of 2012–2013 and early period of 2013–2014 epidemic season are analyzed. The issues of safe and effective use of various etiotropic and symptomatic agents in influenza and acute respiratory viral infections of non-influenza etiology in children are discussed.


Let G be a finite group of Lie type E6 over 𝔽q (adjoint or simply connected) and W be the Weyl group of G. We describe maximal tori T such that T has a complement in its algebraic normalizer N(G, T). It is well known that for each maximal torus T of G there exists an element w ∊ W such that N(G, T )/T ≃ CW(w). When T does not have a complement isomorphic to CW(w), we show that w has a lift in N(G, T) of the same order.


Transnational organized crime and corruption are topics that security planners are increasingly visiting in their analyses of terrorism, most often examining how terrorism and transnational organized crime intersect and diverge. Clarifying these relationships is vital to approaching the current turbulence in global politics. This article examines the relationships between these two entities to arrive at the conclusion that transnational criminal organizations and terrorist groups often adopt similar methods, they are inherently striving for divergent ends. Crime is primarily an economically driven enterprise, while terrorism remains rooted in political pursuits. While we note that such a relationship results in a number of consequences for policymakers and practitioners from both the US and the larger global community, an important conclusion we revisit throughout the article is the need for scholarly research on this relationship.


476 Background: Low skeletal muscle index (SMI) is associated with an increased risk of mortality in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and chemotherapy-related adverse events (AE) across numerous other malignancies. Small case series suggest neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is associated with a significant decline in SMI in patients with MIBC. However, limited data exists regarding changes in fat mass during NAC. Herein, we examine changes in SMI, visceral fat index (VFI), and subcutaneous fat index (SFI) in patients receiving NAC for MIBC before radical cystectomy (RC). We describe associations between body composition changes and NAC-associated AE and all-cause mortality (ACM) in patients with MIBC. Methods: Retrospective review of patients with MIBC (≥pT2 N0/x/1 M0) who received NAC (2006-2019). Patients with digitized abdominal computed tomography scans (CT) within 75 days prior (T1) and 75 days following completion (T2) of NAC were included. We segmented and calculated the indices (cm2/m2) for SMI, VFI, and SFI at the third lumbar vertebra level at T1 and T2 using validated methodology. Associations with AE during NAC and ACM were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Included 170 patients, median age 63 years receiving a median of 4 (IQR 3-5) cycles of Gemcitabine/Cisplatin (52%), MVAC (28%), or other NAC (20%). Absolute and relative changes in SMI, VFI, and SFI over a median of 112 days (IQR 94-146) between measurements are presented in the Table. 117 (69%) patients experienced grade ≥3 chemotherapy-related AE. No associations between baseline body composition or change in body composition during NAC with chemotherapy-related AE. T1 SMI (HR: 0.98; 0.97-0.99, p = 0.008), as well as T2 SMI (HR: 0.98; 0.96-0.99, p = 0.003), T2 VFI (HR: 0.99; 0.99-1.0, p = 0.05) and T2 SFI (HR: 0.99; 0.98-1.0, P = 0.03) were associated with ACM after adjusting for age, clinical T and N stage, and performance status. Conclusions: Patients undergoing NAC prior to RC experienced a 6.4% decrease in SMI and a 5.2% decrease in VFI during an average of 112 days. Chemotherapy-related AE were not associated with a change in body composition. Baseline SMI and T2 SMI, SFI, and VFI were associated with ACM on multivariable analysis. Future work is needed to understand the mechanisms underpinning such changes and the extent to which potentially detrimental changes in body composition may be mitigated before surgery.[Table: see text]


This study of complex skill acquisition investigated the contextual interference effect, in which randomly sequenced practice results in greater time and effort spent by learners during practice and lower posttest performance than a blocked practice sequence composed of groups of homogeneous subtasks, but which paradoxically results in superior transfer performance of novel related skills. Studies that have found the effect with complex cognitive skills are limited in at least two respects: they have not controlled for time spent in practice and they have examined practice variations in strictly blocked or random sequences. One hypothesis of the current study posited that, with practice time fixed, random order practice of skill components yields superior transfer performance to that of blocked practice of those components. Another hypothesis proposed that, with practice time fixed, shifted contextual interference---i.e. blocked, followed by random practice, or block-random practice---would result in superior transfer to those of blocked or random practice exclusively.
The training environment consisted of computer-based instruction on the grammar principle of subject-verb agreement in a high school classroom. The instruction trained 92 high school seniors on four sub-rules of the rule that subjects and main verbs of a sentence must agree. Participants were randomly assigned to five practice sequences: block, random, block-random, random-block (each presenting four 15-minute practice periods) and control (presenting practice of unrelated grammar rules).
No significant differences were found among practice sequences on criterion or transfer performance, whether or not prior knowledge was statistically controlled. However, a post-hoc analysis of 23 "gainers," participants who answered at least three more items correctly on the posttest than on the pretest, controlling for prior knowledge, revealed that gainers assigned to the block-random practice sequence significantly outperformed gainers in the random condition on the posttest and gainers in the block condition on the transfer test, consistent with the hypotheses.
The findings have implications for designing computer-based practice and for future research on practice sequence. Engaging the learner in cognitively processing feedback on incorrectly answered items is an important consideration in designing computer-based instruction and research on the practice of complex cognitive skills.


Scholarship on comics and graphic novels in the last two decades has provided educators with valuable insights on their readership. A new field in academia has emerged around comics' studies; but there still a need for empirical research. This study attempts to address the scarcity of empirical research on comics through using focus groups and listening to children's voices on the medium. Building on Edgar Morin's philosophy of educating complex thinking, I attempted to incorporate some of his educational suggestions into a comic book that I used as reading material for the children focus groups. Finally, Thierry Groensteen's system of comics provided a theoretical framework for analysing the study findings. The study suggests that comics can be a suitable medium for educating critical thinking and introducing complex and abstract concepts to children.


Virtualization in simple words refers to the way of running more than one operating system in a single machine at the same instance of time which is not possible in the a multi-booting operating system. With an advantage so many disadvantages are there, in this paper we describe about the security issues of virtualization and how it deals with in relation to the network security issues. We have proposed a model for a security framework to deal with the security issues of virtualization.


Chlorides of group 4 metals containing the bis(imino)phenoxide ligand scaffold were synthesized from a direct reaction between the respective ligand and metal chlorides MCl4 (M=Ti, Zr and Hf). These complexes were thoroughly characterized using various spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. They are potent catalysts for the polymerization of rac-lactide (rac-LA), L-lactide (L–LA), ϵ-caprolactone (ϵ-CL), epoxides such as, rac-cyclohexene oxide (rac-CHO), rac-propylene oxide (rac-PO), rac-styrene oxide (rac-SO) and ethylene, resulting in polymers with high number average molecular weights (Mn) and narrow molecular weight distributions (MWDs). The kinetic and mechanistic studies associated with the polymerization of lactide, ϵ-CL and CHO has been investigated in details.


This paper is an exposition of the method employed in the Territorial Special Landscape Plan of Tenerife and its technical instrumentation. Also, it is a revision of clue problems found.


Formation of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on polycrystalline platinum electrodes has been studied by surface analysis and electrochemistry techniques. The 4-ATP monolayer was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Raman spectroscopy, reflection absorption infrared (RAIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments give an idea about the packing quality of the monolayer. RAIR and Raman spectra for 4-ATP modified platinum electrodes showed the characteristic adsorption bands for neat 4-ATP indicating the adsorption of 4-ATP molecules on platinum surface. The adsorption on platinum was also evidenced by the presence of sulfur and nitrogen peaks by XPS survey spectra of the modified platinum electrodes. High resolution XPS studies and RAIR spectrum for platinum electrodes modified with 4-ATP indicate that molecules are sulfur-bonded to the platinum surface. The formation of S-Pt bond suggests that ATP adsorption gives up an amino terminated SAM. Thickness of the monolayer was evaluated via angle-resolved XPS (AR-XPS) analyses. Derivatization of 4-ATP SAM was performed using 16-Br hexadecanoic acid.


The harmony of member of member by religious is yearn of every people. All of member by religious want harmonious and peaces on the society life and citizen life all at once at doing act ofdevotion which based by first sila, that is "Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa". Often we meet on the daily life on our circle often meet some defferent suggestion between the member of a religius comunity with other. That often appear a disagreement with other relligion. But on the base of Indonesian state (Pancasila) arrange that every citizen must be alive harmonius with other religion like writeln on the first moral principle says "Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa". Like what we describe on this working paper which we give title "Kerukunan Hidup Antar Umat Beragama di Indonesia". Methode which we use in this research that is with methode or nearly historitical, sociological, and juridical. Methode historitical is methode according the history of harmonious another relligion betweeen the member of a relligius comunity in Indonesia. The relation between the harmonious with other the member of a relligius comunity on this working paper with historitical like this, methode sociological is science which studied the society, behaviour society, and behaviour social of people with inspect behaviour of comunity which building of them and juridical is methode which studying a problem which relation with the law on that state. This research producted had relation with a harmonisously between the member of a relligius comunity that is a place of a humanisious of relligion life, the happen why the humanisious of the member of a relligius comunity is broken the broken of difference of the member of a relligius comunity what happen difference between the member of a relligius comunity and government.


Comparisons were made on the lethal and hemorrhagic activities and immunological specificities of venoms from the snakes belonging to genus Trimeresurus (Crotalidae).The venoms from T. flavoviridis found in the Amami Islands, the island of Okinawa and Kume, and from T. elegans in the Yaeyama Islands were not different significantly with respect to the specific lethal and hemorrhagic activities. The specific activities of the venoms from T. okinavensis in the Amami Islands and from T. tokarensis in the Tokara Islands were lower than those of the four different snake venoms of the two species mentioned above.The neutralization tests, agar-gel diffusion and immuno-electrophoresis, using an antivenine against Habu venom from the Amami Islands, indicated little difference in immunological specificities among the venoms from T. flavoviridis collected in different islands.The hemorrhagic activities of the venoms from T. elegans, T. okinavensis and T. tokarensis were neutralized by the Habu antivenine, while the lethal activities of these were not neutralized. Immunological specificities of these venoms, as revealed by the immuno-electrophoresis and agar-gel diffusion tests, differed from that of T. flavoviridis.In view of the above findings, the specific antivenine against each venom should be administered for the treatment of poisoning by venom of any species of genus Trimeresurus.


In a circuit-based quantum computer, the computing is performed via the discrete-time evolution driven by quantum gates. Accurate simulation of continuoustime evolution requires a large number of quantum gates and therefore suffers from more noise. In this paper, we find that shallow quantum circuits are sufficient to qualitatively observe some typical quantum phenomena in the continuous-time evolution limit, such as resonant tunneling and localization phenomena. We study the propagation of a spin excitation in Trotter circuits with a large step size. The circuits are formed of two types of two-qubit gates, i.e. XY gates and controlled- Rx gates, and single-qubit Rz gates. The configuration of the Rz gates determines the distribution of the spin excitation at the end of evolution. We demonstrate the resonant tunneling with up to four steps and the localization phenomenon with dozens of steps in Trotter circuits. Our results show that the circuit depth required for qualitative observation of some significant quantum phenomena is much smaller than that required for quantitative computation, suggesting that it is feasible to apply qualitative observations to near-term quantum computers. We also provide a way to use the physics laws to understand the error propagation in quantum circuits.


Differentials in life expectancy in Poland are analyzed by sex and region. Life tables for voivodships are presented for the periods 1973-1975 and 1976-1980 using the same methods and administrative divisions and changes over time in mortality by sex and cause of death are examined. A general decrease in the average duration of life of newborn males is noted and the first symptoms of a similar trend among females are also apparent. (summary in ENG RUS) (ANNOTATION)


Impact of elevated CO2 (free air CO2 enrichment) was studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var Kundan) growth, yield and proteome. Elevated CO2 significantly impacted both underground (+24%) and aboveground (+15%) biomass. Grain weight/plant and harvest index were increased by 35% and 11.4%, respectively under high CO2. On the other hand, seed protein content was decreased by 19% under CO2 enrichment while seed starch and soluble sugar contents were increased by 8% and 23%, respectively. Wheat leaf proteomics revealed that 50 proteins were showing differential expression. Twenty proteins were more abundant while 30 were less abundant. Thirty two proteins were identified by MALDI TOF TOF. More abundant proteins were related to defense, photosynthesis, energy metabolism etc. While less abundant proteins were related to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Wheat grain proteomics revealed that out of 49 differentially abundant proteins, 24 were more in abundance and 25 were less in abundance in wheat grains under eCO2 condition. Thirty three proteins were identified and functionally characterized. They were found to be involved mainly in carbon metabolism, storage, defence and proteolysis. Gluten proteins are the major component of wheat storage proteins. Our results showed that both high and low molecular weight glutenins were more in eCO2 wheat seeds while there was no change in gliadin evels. This might alter wheat dough strength. Concentration of grain Cr and As was increased at eCO2 while that of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se were found to be decreased. Dynamics of carbon utilization and metabolic abilities of soil microbes under eCO2 were significantly altered. Our study showed that altered wheat seed composition is cause for concern vis-à-vis nutrition and health and for industries which may have implications for agriculturally dominated country like India. How to cite this paper: Pandey, V., Sharma, M., Deeba, F., Maurya, V.K., Gupta, S.K., Singh, S.P., Mishra, A. and Nautiyal, C.S. (2017) Impact of Elevated CO2 on Wheat Growth and Yield under Free Air CO2 Enrichment. American Journal of Climate Change, 6, 573-596. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2017.64029 Received: July 12, 2017 Accepted: October 22, 2017 Published: October 25, 2017 Copyright © 2017 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access


Opinion on V. S. Naipaul's A Bend in the River still lingers under the shadow of Edward Said, who declared Naipaul "a third worlder denouncing his own people, not because they are victims of imperialism, but because they seem to have an innate flaw, which is that they are not whites" (79). Although the novel was initially understood as Naipaul's imaginative re-creation of his experiences in Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo) and Uganda in the 1970s, the historical content of and context for A Bend in the River has been displaced by critical examination of Naipaul's work as a product of ideology and autobiography. Selwyn Cudjoe, for example, warns that the "central concern" of A Bend in the River "is not the social development of the African" but "the relationship between an Indian (from who the East Indian has descended) and his past" (189). Dagmar Barnouw offers a sophisticated analysis of the novel's narrator, Salim, as a proxy for Naipaul (41–49). Increasingly, Africa seems to have disappeared from the novel, and Naipaul's prescient study of life under the "Big Man," the unstable authoritarian governance that has plagued post-Independence Africa, has likewise largely vanished from the conversation. This merits correction not simply because the authoritarian leader as the "Big Man" or the "President" is mentioned 195 times in the novel (an average of once every 1.43 pages), but primarily because Naipaul's fictional representation of neopatrimonialism, of life under the "Big Man," remains strikingly insightful, detailed, and even relevant to understanding contemporary realities in post-Independence Africa. "Mobutu owns Zaire," Naipaul wrote in his notebook during his 1975 stay in Zaire (qtd. in French 361), and reviewers of A Bend in the River when it was published in 1979 readily understood that the "Big Man" was modeled in large part after Mobutu Sese Seko, then President of Zaire and now widely acknowledged as the archetypal African kleptocrat (Meredith 293–308). This identification stands, but Naipaul—from his time in Uganda as well as Zaire—had a network of contacts in Africa, from journalists to academics to business people, and knew well the current state of affairs. In the novel, he forgoes a simple fictional realism for a creative examination of a larger historical phenomenon: the dynamics and effects of neopatrimonialism as practiced by Mobutu and other "Big Men" of postIndependence Africa in the 1970s, such as F elix Houphou€et-Boigny, President of


The paper presents a biblical theology of providence by exploring the theological tensions between divine determinism and the beliefs in 'chance' and 'good luck' in Greco-Roman and traditional African worldviews. It also situates the discourse in the template of biblical theology and other defining theological works. Finally, the paper explores the distinctive character of providence in biblical thought and its possible use to affirm the sovereignty, care and love of God in the face of despair, misery and lostness that have characterized modern African societies.


The Air Force Phillips Laboratory is in the process of demonstrating an advanced space surveillance capability with a heterodyne laser radar (ladar) system to be used, among other applications, for range-resolved imaging. Recently, image domain signal-to-noise rations (SNRs) have been derived both for the intensity projections calculated from the range-resolved reflective data and for image information obtained using linear combinations of the projections. Also, other recent results have indicated that superior image quality is obtained by first converting the heterodyne returns into intensity projections before using tomographic techniques to reconstruct an image, as intensity projections is validated using a laboratory heterodyne setup. In addition, the laboratory results are used to validate the conclusion that intensity projections provide superior image reconstructions.


This is a collection of papers from the International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modeling, Control and Automation, dedicated to the theory and applications of neural networks and advanced intelligent control strategies.


The article shows the uniformity of actual organization and distribution of retail trade in modern Russian towns and reveals drawbacks in the ditribution pattern for new-built retail enterprises. Various aspects of the above distribution pattern including economical, social, cultural, historical, ecological, town building, educational, etc., are analysed. We consider favourable possibilities of methodical approaches within the bounds of distributive economics and foreign experience of gravitation models to obtain optimal pattern of distribution for retail enterprises.


This study investigated ZOOMit and RESOLVE DWI sequences to compare of the image quality of anal canal and the visibility of the fistula. The results showed that both ZOOMit DWI and RESOLVE DWI obtained high quality images, ZOOMit DWI sequence had higher fistula visibility and SNR of the fistula than those of RESOLVE DWI sequence. Our findings also suggest that ZOOMit DWI can be used as the preferred sequence for anal MR diffusion imaging.


The study is focused on identifying and analysis of the two conceptual blocks that literary represent the Urals in wartime: the Ural character and the Ural nature. The study material consists of works of different genres, from documentary essays to verse journalism. It is shown that the idea of the original Ural character is generally perceived by an independent view of journalists sent to the Urals to report labor feats at the home front (it is akin to the military feats), and writers stranded in the Urals as a result of the evacuation. Optical differences allowed the creation of a sophisticated image of the Ural people. On the one hand, these are soldiers of fabulous courage, and masters of high work culture, but on the other hand, these people are reserved, strict, and not always friendly. The representation of the Urals' nature is just as ambiguous. The article describes two variants offered by the writers of wartime. The first one fully meets the socialist realism canons: the mighty people of the Urals were born of a majestic nature, and this place is cold and barely adjusted to life. It is emphasized that the conviction of the necessity of living and working under the circumstances in which people found themselves during the wartime, was dominant regarding all literature.


Recent studies have uncovered a specific function of thrombopoietin (TPO) in the regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) DNA damage response. Eltrombopag, an oral non-immunogenic TPO receptor agonist, has recently received FDA approval for the treatment of patients with refractory severe aplastic anemia, but its mode of action is incompletely understood and a role in HSPC DNA repair has not been investigated. G-CSF mobilized human CD34+ cells from 5 independent healthy donors were cultured in the presence of SCF and Flt3-L (SF), SF and TPO (SFT), or SF and Eltrombopag (SFE) for 24 hours before exposure to 2Gy γ-irradiation, and then cultured for an additional 5 to 24 hours. DNA damage was quantified by flow cytometric determination of γH2AX expression, a marker of irradiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), and CD34+ cell survival was measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V and a viability dye. There were significantly fewer γH2AX+ cells 5 hours post-irradiation when the culture included TPO or Eltrombopag than with SF alone (Figure A, n=5). Five hours post-irradiation, cultures containing TPO or Eltrombopag had significantly increased percentages of live cells (Figure B, n=5), as well as decreased percentages of cells undergoing apoptosis compared to cultures with SF alone (SFT 12.6 ± 0.5% p=0.003; SFE 12.4 ± 2.1% p=0.012; SF 21.5 ± 3.7%, n=5). RT-qPCR arrays performed at 5 hours after irradiation on CD34+ cells cultured as above with SFT or SFE showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) of at least two-fold in several pro-apoptotic or cell cycle arrest genes (BBC3, CCNO, GADD45G, PPM1D) compared to CD34+ cells cultured with SF alone. Twenty-four hours post-irradiation, cells cultured with TPO or Eltrombopag had significantly increased percentages of live cells (Figure B, n=3), and decreased percentages of dead cells compared to cells cultured with SF alone (SFT 9.75 ± 1.0% p=0.013; SFE 16.3 ± 0.6% p=0.032; SF 36.5 ± 6.2%, n=3). Progenitor cell survival was assessed using the CFU assay. The number of colony-forming cells was 5.9 (± 0.4) and 3.6 (± 0.2) fold higher when cultured with TPO or Eltrombopag, respectively, before γ-irradiation than when cultured with SF alone (p=0.005 and 0.006, respectively, n=2). Survival of long-term repopulating HSCs was assessed by quantifying human CD45+ cell engraftment at least 2 months after intravenous injection of NSG mice with irradiated human CD34+CD38- cells pre-cultured for 24 hours with SF, SFT or SFE. Engraftment of cells cultured with TPO or Eltrombopag was significantly higher than engraftment obtained after injection of cells cultured with SF alone before γ-irradiation (Figure C). We conclude that, analogous to TPO, Eltrombopag favors DNA DSB repair and, consequently, survival of both hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells after γ-irradiation. These pre-clinical data suggest that Eltrombopag may be of benefit in the treatment of patients with Fanconi Anemia (FA), an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome in which patients have increased susceptibility to DNA damage due to defects in the FA DNA repair pathway. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Much popular and professional literature has focused on the effects of father absence, particularly in lesbian parent households; yet, little attention has been paid to lesbian parents' preferences and intentions surrounding male involvement. This qualitative study of 60 lesbian women who were transitioning to parenthood explores this issue. Most women desired some level of male involvement, even before their children were born. Far from describing a desire for "father figures," however, they conceptualized male involvement in novel, diverse, and sometimes ambivalent ways. Having a boy enhanced some women's motivations to actively pursue male role models for their children. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding of the kinship structure of lesbian-parent families and families in general. Key Words: family diversity, fathers, gender, lesbian, transition to parenthood. Lesbians have often been excluded from the discourse on families (Weston, 1991). Yet, many lesbian couples do become parents, increasingly through alternative insemination or adoption. Lesbian couples pursuing parenthood challenge the heterosexual monopoly of reproduction (Dunne, 2000) and stereotypes of gay adults as antifamily. At the same time, in becoming parents, lesbian mothers open themselves to many of the values that govern heterosexual families, such as the assumed need for both male and female role models. These values may contradict their own lived experience, such as the desire, implicit or explicit, to become parents without men. The subject we engage is how lesbians perceive and enact the cultural discourse about male involvement as they transition to motherhood. The Influence of Male Involvement on Children's Gender Identity and Socialization Theories of gender socialization typically address two related components: (a) gender identification through role modeling, which is the development of one's sense that one is a boy or a girl, accomplished via identification with the same-gender parent; and (b) gender socialization, which is an understanding of the rules and expectations associated with gender, typically achieved through contact with parents and exposure to other agents of socialization such as peers, teachers, and media figures (Sigal & Nally, 2004). Given the centrality of the same-gender parent in gender identification, this distinction is the focus of concern in discussing father absence. That core gender identity emerges early may contribute to this urgency: Some developmentalists suggest that children understand their own gender by 18 months, although children do not label themselves and others by gender until they are 2 or 3 years old (Coates & Wolfe, 1995). Gender socialization, however, is seen as less contingent on the gender of the parent than on the gender of the child. Boys are the recipients of more rigid gender socialization than girls, regardless of the parent's gender (Eisenberg, Wolchik, Hernandez, & Pasternack, 1985). Fathers tend to be more rigid socializing agents than mothers (Langlois & Downs, 1980; Tauber, 1979). On the need for fathers. Fundamental to Western culture is the conviction that fathers are essential to the healthy psychological, moral, social, and gender development of children (Silverstein & Auerbach, 1999), although the conduct and culture of fatherhood is situated within specific social, historical, and economic circumstances (LaRossa, 1997). Until the early 20th century, fathers were the primary parent, responsible for children's moral education. With the shift from an agrarian society to an urban, industrial society, the need for fathers transformed to that of breadwinner. A more nurturant view of fathers has taken hold today (Day, Lewis, O'Brien, & Lamb, 2005). Two frameworks dominate social science thinking about the importance of the same-gender parent. First, classic psychoanalytic theory remains an underlying discourse that, despite contemporary challenges (e. …


It was my privilege as President of the American College of Cardiology to enhance the relationships between the College and many of our international counterpart societies.Many times over the past two years, I have watched as leaders from your society and others reach out to coordinate combined educational programs or to contribute to our own.It is a privilege for me to particularly have this opportunity to address the Pakistan Cardiac Society.Cardiology is blessed with much evidence for what constitutes optimal care but our physicians' needs tools to help them consistently apply this knowledge.


System for calculating a three-dimensional particle distribution (308) in an air space, the system comprising: at least two airborne measuring devices (302) a communication interface; and a ground station; wherein each of the two airborne measuring devices (302) is configured to determine location and time-dependent analysis of data concerning the physical properties of aerosols; wherein each of the at least two airborne measuring devices (302) is executed to the analysis data to a central ground station (307) by means of the communication interface (305) to be sent; wherein a central database of the base station is configured to calculate in the airspace based on the received data analysis a three-dimensional particle distribution (308).


Some pitfalls and limitations of the GUPIX software are examined. An improper choice of options by the user can result in erroneous outcomes. Imperfections in the atomic physics database limit accuracy of analysis, especially when L X-rays are concerned. The very simple background approach used in GUPIX worsens precision for very small peaks. Improvements in progress are sketched.


From the viewpoint of analyzing and synthesizing of space mechanism,presents a new mathematical tool-expanded vector complex number,to solve the problem of vector analysis of three-dimensional space.The difference between expanded vector complex number and the mathematical tools which apply other analyzing and synthesizing methods to the space mechanism,such as quaternion,is the expanded vector complex number not only meets the commutative property of multiplication,but also has definite geometric expression and mapping relationship.The expanded vector complex number could expediently express the intersection angle of two vectors in the three-dimensional space and the rotation of vector to the coordinate axes,as well as the rotation of vector to the unit vector of random space.The expanded vector complex number is applied to analyze the motion of RSSR mechanism and the result shows that the expanded vector complex number is an effective new method to solve the problem of space mechanism.


For previous studies on the aging state of silicone rubber composite insulators, the second step of the thermogravimetric curve is usually considered to be the polydimethylsiloxane content, but there is no discussion on the decomposition products. In this study, thermogravimetric-IR coupling experiments were carried out on silicone rubber samples and filler components under a nitrogen atmosphere to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the weight loss process of silicone rubber during thermogravimetric analysis and to relate the thermogravimetric curves and IR spectra by time variation. The infrared experimental data yielded products of silicone rubber during thermal decomposition that were different from the expected results. To verify the plausibility of the causes, single component experiments with silicone rubber fillers were carried out. The experimental results are analyzed and interpreted in terms of both temperature and the characteristic peaks of the infrared spectrum. Solutions to the causes of the experimental errors are also proposed, and the next step of the work is envisaged.


Catastrophic penetration of magnetic fields in the form of dendrites has been reported for some specimens of superconducting thin films in the perpendicular geometry. Such behavior is related essentially to the capability of the sample and substrate to assimilate heat generated by vortex motion. In order to map the region where instabilities occur, we have employed dc magnetometry, which has been shown to be an efficient technique for this purpose. This catastrophic regime ceases at temperatures above 4 K. For the sample studied, fluctuations have been detected on virgin curves of the magnetic moment as a function of the applied field. Our systematic study shows that there is a threshold line on the HT diagram, which encompasses the region where the magnetic response fluctuates.


Propranolol is known to reduce resting heart rate and cardiac output, both acutely (1—3) and during chronic therapy (2—4). However, no acute antihypertensive effect during supine rest is seen (1—3), while blood pressure is lowered during chronic treatment (2—4). Animal studies indicate that the fall of blood pressure after acute beta blockade is prevented by a rise in sympathetic nervous activity due to activation of the baroreflex mechanism (5). The effect of beta blockade on the regulation of blood pressure during exercise is less well studied and therefore effects of acute and chronic administration of propranolol on heart rate, blood pressure, plasma renin activity and plasma noradrenaline concentration during rest and submaximal exercise were studied in hypertensive patients.


This paper mainly aims at studying on the variable voltage and variable frequency (VVVF) control of U-shape single- phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (U-SPPMSM). The ordinary U-SPPMSM performs only at the constant rotational speed rather than the variable speed, which limits the application area of U-SPPMSM. In this paper, two simple control methods, analog controller and digital controller based on single-chip microcomputer, are introduced, which can make the system simpler. The principle, structure and implementation method are discussed in detail, and two methods are compared.


Abstract: Background: Hydrocephalus is a common disorder in pediatric neurosurgery. Notwithstanding recent improved therapeutic strategies for the management of pediatric hydrocephalus, there continues to be a significant mortality rate in children. The present study aims to determine the long-term survival and predictor factors of death in these patients. Methods: The data and recordings of pediatric hydrocephalus patients (under 2 years old) who underwent a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diverting shunt in the Department of Neurosurgery of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Iran), during 1993 to 2007 were recorded. Patients with neoplasms were excluded from further assessment. The patients were followed-up through clinical records or a family telephone call. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used to determine overall survival of the patients. Univariate analysis was performed using the log-rank test. The multivariate analysis was performed by Cox's proportional hazard model to determine the significance of sex, age (at the time of initial shunt placement), shunt model and cause of hydrocephaly on patient survival. Furthermore, the hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval values was determined. Results: A total of 147 patients were participated in this study, of which 106 (72%) were available in the last follow- up, sixteen (15%) patients were died. The most common cause of death was infection (50%)%). The overall survival and mortality rate in all patients at 1, 5, and 10 years after initial shunt insertion to death or last follow- up visit was 96% , 91%, and 83% and 4%,9%, and 17%, respectively. Incidence of shunt-related failures was 46.2% in patients. There was no significant difference in survival with respect to sex, age of three months at the time of shunt insertion and shunt model. Cox's regression model showed congenital hydrocephalic patients have more survival rate than myelomeningocele patients. Conclusions: This study showed the long-term survival rate in children with shunted hydrocephalus was 83%. Furthermore, the patients with congenital hydrocephalus showed better prognosis than other hydrocephalies. Myelomeningocele and infection were the most risk factors of death. Keywords: Pediatric hydrocephalus, Outcome, Risk factors, Myelomeningocele, Infection


BaTiO3 thin film has been deposited on Si(100) substrate using sol-gel process and deposited by using spin – coating technique. The BaTiO3/Si(100) structures were studied by structural and electrical characteristics. The X-ray diffrac-tion of BaTiO3/Si(100) shows that the diffraction peaks become increasing sharp with increasing calcination tempera-tures indicating the enhance crystallinity of the films. Scanning electron microscopy of BaTiO3 thin films shows the crack free and uniform nature. The capacitance-voltage measurement of BaTiO3 thin film deposited on Si(100) an-nealed at 600℃ shows large frequency dispersion in the accumulation region. The current-voltage measurement of BaTiO3/Si shows the ideality factor was approaches to unity at 600℃.


We examine the effect of financial remoteness on foreign direct investment (FDI) using a sample of 173 countries over the period 1970-2015. Our results show that financial remoteness has a significant negative effect on FDI, which suggests that proximity to major financial centres is a key factor in deciding on foreign investments. Our results are robust to alternative measures of financial remoteness and controlling for other determinants of FDI from the literature.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of tax fairness on tax compliance in Libya. Mansour, Mitra, Sdralevich and Jewell (2015) mentioned that the tax system in Libya
is not fair and there is a need to design a tax system based on the principle of fairness.
Therefore, this study puts emphasis on determining the impact of tax fairness dimension, such as general fairness, tax rate, exchange with government, attitude towards taxes of the wealthy and self-interest on tax compliance in Libya. This study will add to the body of knowledge related to tax compliance behaviour of taxpayers in Libya, especially since very little is known about this in the context of Libya. This study can help policy-makers to device a fair tax system that can help taxpayers as well as tax collection agency to make the system more efficient. The sample of the study comprises of taxpayers in Tripoli city. Data was analysed using SPSS. The findings of the present study show a significant relationship between tax fairness dimensions and tax compliance. This finding means that fairness of the tax system can enhance the level of tax compliance by a significant level. The government should hence device a fairer tax system to increase the level of tax compliance


ABSTRACT Traction or braking operations are usually applied to trains or locomotives for acceleration, speed adjustment, and stopping. During these operations, gear transmission equipment plays a very significant role in the delivery of traction or electrical braking power. Failures of the gear transmissions are likely to cause power loses and even threaten the operation safety of the train. Its dynamic performance is closely related to the normal operation and service safety of the entire train, especially under some emergency braking conditions. In this paper, a locomotive–track coupled vertical–longitudinal dynamics model is employed with considering the dynamic action from the gear transmissions. This dynamics model enables the detailed analysis and more practical simulation on the characteristics of power transmission path, namely motor–gear transmission–wheelset–longitudinal motion of locomotive, especially for traction or braking conditions. Multi-excitation sources, such as time-varying mesh stiffness and nonlinear wheel–rail contact excitations, are considered in this study. This dynamics model is then validated by comparing the simulated results with the experimental test results under braking conditions. The calculated results indicate that involvement of gear transmission could reveal the load reduction of the wheelset due to transmitted forces. Vibrations of the wheelset and the motor are dominated by variation of the gear dynamic mesh forces in the low speed range and by rail geometric irregularity in the higher speed range. Rail vertical geometric irregularity could also cause wheelset longitudinal vibrations, and do modulations to the gear dynamic mesh forces. Besides, the hauling weight has little effect on the locomotive vibrations and the dynamic mesh forces of the gear transmissions for both traction and braking conditions under the same running speed.


Background: SARS-CoV-2 has impregnated its effect on the physical and mental status of affected individuals worldwide. The psychosocial impact on individuals with pre-existing medical illnesses is not well documented. Objectives: To evaluate the extent of awareness about COVID-19 and its symptoms, prevention, and quantifying the anxiety among individuals with T1DM during the lockdown in India. Methods: An online survey-based observational study was conducted in two clinics in North India among children and adults with T1DM. A Google form was circulated among the participants and their response was assessed using SPSS version 25. Results:Among 44 study individuals, about 97% had a good extent of knowledge of the COVID-19 symptoms. The mean age of the study population was 20.78±8.35. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1. More than half of the individuals were well-versed in diabetic knowledge (carb ratio, correction factor). Around three-fourths of the patients were able to continue their exercise routine during the pandemic. Almost all (97.7%) patients were aware of COVID-19-associated symptoms, preventive care, and ways of transmission. Almost half of them were anxious about the COVID-19 pandemic. This was mainly attributed to better media coverage and communication between each other. Assessment using the COVID-19 anxiety score indicated that less than 50% of the participants experienced anxiety. Conclusion: Dealing with T1DM is a challenge for the healthcare system and it is even more challenging during the pandemic period. Prior knowledge and awareness seem to mitigate anxiety and related issues in individuals with chronic illness, especially T1DM. Keywords: T1DM, COVID-19 pandemic, Mental health, Psychosocial effect, Mental anxiety


Variation in the quality characteristics and flavor compounds of 'Fair-time' peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) fruit were evaluated during development and maturation. Quality parameters were monitored on six peaches collected weekly or bi-weekly from each of ten trees starting at the end of pit hardening (12 July) until commercial harvest (13 and 18 September). In order to evaluate the quality of tree ripened fruit, sampling was repeated 3 days after commercial harvest (September 21). The evolution of volatile flavor compounds in the fruit was determined by Solid Phase Micro-Extraction technique in Head Space followed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (HSSPME-GC/MS). The aromatic composition is enriched in tree-ripened fruit, especially ester compounds, determining the typical flavor of mature peach fruit. The aromatic profile of 'Fairtime' peach fruit was similar to that of 'Guglielmina' fruit, another late-ripening, yellow-flesh peach cultivar.


Mechanisms of radioinduced sprout-inhibition were studied. Tuber growth was found to be depressed by gamma doses of 2--3 kr and completely suppressed by 10-kr doses. The chief cause of the growth effect is that meristematic nucleic acid metabolism is affected. Nucleic acid content of the tissue is virtually unaffected by a dose of 10 kr, but the content of the eyes is reduced. The mononucleotides and bases derived by hydrolysis from eye nucleoprotein indicate that the main effect of irradiation is to produce depolymerization. Overtly, the effect of radiation is to cause complete degeneration in the growing points thus inhibiting the ability of the tuber to produce sprouts. Radiation also produces changes in the redox process associated with sprouting and microorganism resistance. All metabolic changes affect resistance to microorganisms. Hence, the use of gamma rays to prevent sprouting in potatoes will be feasible only if ways can be found to overcome loss of microbial resistance. (H.M.G.)


Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a heart disease which contributes to the majority of deaths. It happens when the arteries becomes contracted due to the accumulation of cholesterol. The risk factors associated with the disease can be reduced to a greater extent if they are predicted at an early time. A detailed study of research publications, existing technology and other related works has been performed to gain insight to a novel Coronary Artery Disease risk assessment scoring system. Regression analysis of the produced model using R language helps in establishing a programmed report on the prospects of the research. An analogy of possible associations with the research topic along with necessary references has been performed in the paper. The existing work related to the project has been extensively exploited by extracting all possible information as well as using it as a source of inspiration for deeper insight and understanding the work and the project.


I. New applications for IR techniques The traditional application of statistical document indexing and retrieval techniques is in systems for handling large, centralized files of bibliographic information. These systems store the citations, abstracts (or full text) and content representatives for hundreds of


PurposeThe aim of this study was to discuss the clinical and translational content of the literature as well as advancement in our knowledge pertaining to retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma that were published from January to December 2013. DesignThis study is a literature review. MethodsThe search terms retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma were used in a MEDLINE literature search. Abstracts were studied, and the most relevant articles were selected for inclusion and further in-depth review. ResultsIn retinoblastoma, fewer eyes are lost because of the expanded use of ophthalmic artery chemosurgery and intravitreal melphalan, and the past year marks a deepening in our understanding of these modalities. Knowledge on the genetic underpinnings of uveal melanoma has broadened to include genes associated with a favorable prognosis. This is accompanied by promising results in the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma. ConclusionsThis past year, there were important advancements in our knowledge of retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma.


Resnik (2010) discusses inroads into freedom, but an examination of factors such as agricultural and government policy, food availability, social status, and economics indicates that there are many complexities to the constraints and freedoms around healthy or unhealthy dietary choice. In fact, an examination of the complex etiology of cardiovascular disease, and policy discussions about prevention strategies, could itself be used as a case study to illustrate the larger philosophical problems involved in claiming that actions are under the free choice of individuals. In examining arguments for and against bans on artificial trans fats as part of preventative strategies for cardiovascular disease, Resnik states: "At stake is a freedom that most of us exercise every day but often take for granted: the freedom to choose what we eat." It is quite right that we should not take this for granted. This is because many of us are not in fact straightforwardly free to choose our diets. Those with least freedom in this capacity are those most at risk of cardiovascular disease, a disease strongly associated with a social and economic gradient: the further down this gradient one is placed, the higher is one's risk of many common diseases, including, importantly, cardiovascular disease (Siegrist and Marmot 2006). The etiology of cardiovascular disease is highly complex. Its causal origins include biological factors including genetic and developmental influences, and multiple, diverse environmental factors including nutrition, air quality, tobacco use, exercise, and workplace stress. Some of these environmental factors involve forces out of the immediate control of individuals, such as pollutants; others fall under what are commonly known as "lifestyle" factors. Food intake and dietary choice are generally categorized as "lifestyle" factors, but we should not be led by this language to imagine that they belong to the realm of entirely free choice, as those with adequate resources might choose a lifestyle of slick city living in a stylish apartment, or choose a lifestyle of fresh country air, exercise, and home-baked goods. The social and the individual are both strongly implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular disease, and tightly enmeshed with one another. This, together with the fact of the social inequality of the distribution of cardiovascular disease, means that any discussion of effective and just means of prevention and treatment will inevitably not only


AFM24 is a first-in-class, tetravalent, bispecific ICE® that binds to EGFR on tumor cells and CD16A on natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, inducing antibody-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-mediated phagocytosis, respectively. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated AFM24 can induce killing of EGFR+ solid tumor cell lines, independently of EGFR mutational status; toxicology testing in cynomolgus monkeys revealed a favorable safety profile. An ongoing phase 1/2a study (NCT04259450) is evaluating the safety, efficacy, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic responses of AFM24 in patients with locally advanced or metastatic, treatment refractory solid tumors that are known to express EGFR. AFM24 is administered intravenously Q1W until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, investigator's discretion or patient withdrawal. As of 29 Oct 2021, 29 patients (median [range] age 58 [29-81] years; number of prior therapies 4 [2-8]), predominantly with colorectal- (CRC, 16/29; 10 KRAS mutant) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, 7/29; 6 EGFR mutant), were treated with AFM24 across six dose levels (14-480 mg flat). The median number of AFM24 doses administered was 8, range 1-29. The most frequently reported (≥20% of patients) AFM24-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were infusion-related reactions (IRR, 20/29), nausea (7/29) and headache (6/29). There were no on-study deaths; two patients had serious TEAEs (one Grade 3 IRR and one Grade 2 hypoxia) and five patients had transient and reversible Grade 3-4 TEAEs (two Grade 3 IRRs, one Grade 3 hypertension, three ≥Grade 3 lymphocytopenia) attributed to AFM24, respectively. There was one dose-limiting toxicity at 40 mg (Grade 3 IRR). Best objective response was stable disease in 8/24 response-evaluable patients; three patients had stable disease for ≥4 months (two CRC, one NSCLC). Dose-proportional PK between 320 and 480 mg indicated saturation of target-mediated elimination. CD16A receptor occupancy (CD16ARO) on circulating blood cells was correlated with exposure and seemed to level off at 480 mg. Estimated intra-tumoral AFM24 concentrations and CD16ARO were in the range associated with maximum tumor cell killing in vitro. TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-10 increased over time; other cytokines including IL-6 showed only transient increases. AFM24 has a well-managed safety profile and shows pharmacodynamic activity at doses of 320-480 mg. In parallel to continued dose escalation, expansion in disease specific cohorts has been launched at 480 mg. Other studies are evaluating AFM24 in combination with atezolizumab, and in combination with autologous NK cells holding the potential to activate the innate immune response to fight EGFR+ cancer.
 Citation Format: Anthony El-Khoueiry, Juanita Lopez, Omar Saavedra, Mark Awad, Jacob Thomas, Crescens Tiu, Elena Garralda, Bettina Rehbein, Gabriele Hintzen, Kerstin Pietzko, Christa Raab, Erich Rajkovic, Paulien Ravenstijn, Michael Emig. A phase 1/2a first-in-human study of AFM24, a CD16A/epidermal growth factor (EGFR) bispecific Innate Cell Engager (ICE®), in patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR-expressing solid tumors: Preliminary findings from the dose-escalation phase [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr CT149.


Abstract Wireless sensors have the potential to provide significant insight into in situ physical and biogeochemical processes in sub-ice hydrologic systems. However, the nature of the glacial environment means that sensor deployment and data return is challenging. We describe two bespoke sensor platforms, electronic tracers or 'ETracers', and 'cryoegg', for untethered, wireless data collection from glacial hydrologic systems, including subglacial channels. Both employ radio frequencies for data transmission, are designed to endure harsh environmental conditions and can withstand low temperatures, high pressure, turbulence and abrasion. We discuss the design, optimization and field testing of the ETracers and cryoegg, culminating in test deployments beneath the Greenland ice sheet. The small, low-cost ETracers were able to travel through subglacial drainage channels, from where they returned water pressure measurements through 100 m of ice, and could measure water depth in crevasses. The larger cryoegg was able to return multi-parameter data from moulins through 500 m of wet ice to receivers up to 2 km away, and from 12 m depth in a proglacial lake to a receiver on the shore. The tests demonstrate that the cryoegg and ETracers are low-power, versatile, robust wireless sensor platforms suitable for glacial environments, which may be used with portable, low-cost receiving equipment.


Objective
To study the clinical treatment effect of remnant preservation and retained stump treatment on patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under arthroscopy.

Methods
Eighty-four cases of patients underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under arthroscopy were randomly divided into two groups, with 42 cases in each group. The control group were treated by removing the stump treatment in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and the experiment group was treated by anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with remnant preservation in intrathecal reconstruction; then the therapeutic effects of the two groups were observed and compared.

Results
The knee function recovery, the stability of knee joint and the proprioceptive function of patients after surgery were significantly improved, and the improvement degree in the experiment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Cuff remnant preservation treatment can improve the treatment effect on the arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and improve the knee function the stability in the patients with the greatest degree, which is worthy of clinical application.

Key words:
Cuff; Retained stump; Arthroscopy; Anterior cruciate ligament


A laboratory study was conducted to observe patterns of social behaviour of males of the sexually dimorphic rainbow skink, Carlia rostralis. Animals were observed alone or in matched pairs, both as residents and non-residents of the testing cage. Behavioural patterns observed included active, aggressive, submissive, assertive, exploratory and escape categories of acts. These patterns of behaviour varied in social contexts. Active behaviour increased significantly when males were paired. Of the paired encounters, 60% had neutral outcomes in which no dominant/subordinate individual could be determined. When dominance/subordinance interactions occurred they were found to be expressed in a linear hierarchy. Dominance was positively correlated with male snout-vent length. Dominance of males was absolute and did not depend on residence status. These observations of social behaviour in the laboratory, together with preliminary observations of behaviour of this species in the field, suggest that Carlia rostralis exhibits different patterns of social behaviour from that observed in other scincid lizards.


The Manual on the use of rock in hydraulic engineering, commonly called the Rock Manual has been updated extensively, the update was led by an European team (United Kingdom, Netherlands and France) to include the latest research works, the new European standard context and the new concerns. The project comes now to its end with the publication of the English and French versions. This paper presents the motivations for the update, as well as the overview of the content. The essential changes from earlier versions are listed. Finally, it is shown how the user friendliness has been improved. Mots-cles : Enrochement, digue, guide technique, ouvrage hydraulique, bonne pratique, Europe


The test researches the effect of the total impurity elements such as V,Ti,Cr,Mn on resistivity of electrical aluminium rod,analyses and discusses the effect mechanism of impurity element and the reduced danger of impurity elements by means of alloying treatment B,puts forward the control scope of impurity element.


Although exceptions may be readily identified, two generalizations concerning genetic differences among species may be drawn from the available allozyme and chromosome data. First, structural gene differences among species vary widely. In many cases, species pairs do not differ more than intraspecific populations. This suggests that either very few or no gene substitutions are required to produce barriers to reproduction (Avise 1976). Second, chromosome form and/or number differs among even closely related species (White 1963; 1978; Fredga 1977; Wright 1970). Many of the observed chromosomal differences involve translocational rearrangements; these produce severe fitness depression in heterozygotes and were, thus, long considered unlikely candidates for the fixation required of genetic changes leading to speciation (Wright 1977). Nonetheless, the fact that species differences are frequently translocational argues convincingly for their fixation despite prejudices to the contrary. Haldane's rule states that in the F of interspecific crosses, the heterogametic sex is absent or sterile in the preponderance of cases (Haldane 1932). This rule definitely applies in the genus Dr°sophila (Ehrman 1962). Sex chromosome translocations do not impose a fitness depression as severe as that imposed by autosomal translocations, and X-Y translocations may account for Haldane's rule (Haldane 1932). Consequently a study of the fitness parameters of an X*Y and a Y chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster populations was initiated by Tracey (1972). Preliminary results suggested that X-Y //Y males enjoyed a mating advantage with X"Y//X*Y females, that this advantage was frequency dependent, that the translocation produced sexual isolation and that interactions between the Y , Y s and a yellow marker contributed to the observed isolation (Tracey and Espinet 1976; Espinet and Tracey 1976). Encouraged by the results of these prelimimary studies, further experiments were performed to clarify the genetic nature of the observed sexual isolation, 5 the reality of the Y frequency dependent fitness and the behavioural changes, if any, produced by the translocation. The results of this work are reported herein. Although the marker genes used in earlier studies, sparkling po1i e r t K a n£ yellow have both been found to affect activity,but o ly yellow effects asymmetric sexual isolation. In addition yellow effects isolation through an interaction with the T(X-Y) chromosomes, Y also effects isolation, and translocational strains are isolated from those of normal karyotype in the c absence of marker gene differences. When Y chromosomes are in competition with Y chromosomes on an X*Y background, Y males are at a distinct advantage only when their frequency is less than 97%. The sex chromosome translocation alters the normal courtship pattern by the incorporation of circling between vibration and licking in the male repertoire. Finally a model of speciation base on the fixation of this sex chromosome translocation in a geographically isolated gene pool is proposed.


We show that quantum particles may acquire geometrical phases when the curves they are constrained to live on undergo cyclic deformations.


mode 60bpm was programmed, AV 150 ms pace interval and 120 ms sense, VV interval with V(septum)- V(tip) in 30 ms. Final ECG: Pacemaker pacing, atrioventricular stimulation, generating QRS 125 ms, -10° axis (Figure 4). Deep septal electrode command threshold 0.8 V x 0.4 ms (uni) and 475 ohm unipolar and 553 ohm bipolar impedance. No additional technical difficulties were observed during this procedure despite being performed on the right side. In the first postoperative month, TTE showed LVEF (38%), left atrial volume, 30 ml/m2, LV diastolic diameter, 60 mm, systolic, 41 mm, IV septum, 8 mm, and posterior wall, 7mm, dyssynchrony reduction, maintaining alterations in contractility secondary to CCM (figure 5). Additionally, the patient showed significant clinical improvement, being classified as NYHA I. Last


This paper describes a number of years of physical and numerical modelling that were instrumental in the development of the final fish bypass design at Priest Rapids Dam. Three physical models and multiple numerical models were used to guide the design of the fish bypass including its location on the dam, impact on forebay and tailrace flow patterns, intake configuration, design flow rates, flow control scheme, tailrace egress, potential for scour near the dam, potential impacts on total dissolved gas (TDG), impacts on spillway and powerhouse operation, and overall fish friendliness of the bypass. Throughout those years of design work, results from actively tagged salmonid smolt studies were used to guide and validate each step of the design process. In 2011, a construction contract was awarded, and the Priest Rapids Fish Bypass facility was completed in the early spring of 2014. Final validation of this newly constructed facility came in the spring of 2014 with a survival and behavior study conducted using acoustic tagged yearling Chinook and juvenile steelhead smolts to evaluate the salmonid smolt survival rate through the bypass along with the fish passage efficiency (FPE) of the bypass facility. This paper discusses the physical models plus CFD models used to support the design development of a non-turbine fish bypass and presents the results of the survival and behaviour studies conducted after the fish bypass was installed at Priest Rapids Dam.


Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflam- matory disease of the central nervous system postulated to be a cell-mediated autoimmune disease in which interferon (cid:103) (IFN- (cid:103) ) plays an important role. There is increased IFN- (cid:103) secretion in MS, and IFN- (cid:103) administration induces exacerbations of disease. We found that interleukin 12 (IL-12) was responsible for raised IFN- (cid:103) secretion in MS as anti-IL-12 antibodies reversed raised anti-CD3-induced IFN- (cid:103) in MS patients to normal levels. Furthermore, we found a marked increase in T cell receptor-mediated IL-12 secretion in progressive MS patients vs. controls (24.8 (cid:54) 7.7 pg (cid:121) ml vs. 1.5 (cid:54) 1.0 pg (cid:121) ml, P (cid:53) 0.003) and vs. relapsing–remitting patients (3.7 (cid:54) 1.4 pg (cid:121) ml, P < 0.05). Investigation of the cellular basis for raised IL-12 demonstrated that T cells from MS patients induced IL-12 studied


Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist(GnRHa)for endometriosis(EMs).Methods:The clinical datum of 98 women with EMs who were treated from Sep2007to Dec 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into GnRHa group(n=64)and control group(n=34)after laparoscopic surgery.The patients in GnRHa group were administered by GnRHa injection(3.75 mg)at the fifth day,once every 28 days,for three times.GnRHa group was divided into two subgroups.Diphereline subgroup(n=33)after laparoscopic surgery was given injection of Diphereline only.Patients in add back therapy subgroup(n=31)were given injection of Diphereline only for 1 month and then given Premarin 0.3 mg and progestin 2.0mg at the same time.All the patients were followed up for 12 months after surgery to evaluate the therapeutic effect.Cure rate,remission rate,invalid rate or recurrence rate in three groups were observed.The side reactions of Diphereline subgroup and add back therapy subgroup were observed.Results:In Diphereline subgroup and add back therapy subgroup,cure rate,remission rate and invalid rate or recurrence rate were 57.6%,36.3%, 6.1%and 58.1%,32.2%,9.7%,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two subgroups(P0.05). However,in the two subgroups,cure rate(38.2%)and remission rate(17.7%)were higher than those in control group,while recurrence rate(44.1%)was lower than that in control group,and there were significant differences(P0.05).The rate of side reactions was higher in Diphereline subgroup than that in add back therapy subgroup(P0.05).Conclusions:After laparoscopic surgery,combination with GnRHa for EMs can improve the cure rate and reduce the recurrence rate.From the second month,combined with add back therapy can reduce the rate of side reactions of GnRHa.


This paper studies the response of firms in an environment with heightened idiosyncratic risk and dual labor markets, a regular market with firing rigidity and a frictionless temporary labor market. I find that firing rigidity induces firms to switch from regular employment to temporary employment, and heightened risks amplify such behavior. Efficiency and welfare loss from friction and risk, though alleviated by a small extent, cannot be fully compensated by having temporary employment. This study also first extends the literature of temporary employment by examining its impact in the U.S. labor market.


Hypnea musciformis (WULF) LAMOUR. is a very common alga in the subtidal region all over the tropics. Yet very little Information is available on its growth and periodicity. Advantage has been taken of its abundant occurance at Veraval to study its life cycle with particular reference to the succession of vegetative and fruiting periods. This aiga is known to possess a phycocolloid which under a suitable method of extraction would give a product similar to agar-agar (HuMM and WILLIAMS, 1948, RAMA RAO and KRISHNAMURTHY, 1968), However, no Information is available with regard to its seasonal Variation in quantity and quality. A study of these is desirable in order to evolve a suitable time table for harvesting the alga. An attempt has therefore been made here to study this aspect and to correlate the phycocolloid content with the growth cycle of the alga.


This article describes the projects and changes coming to State Route 99, California's north-south corridor that predates Interstate 5. Route 99 is a 400 kilometer workhorse that serves 30 communities in eight counties between the Tehachipi Mountains in the south of Bakersfield and Sacramento in the north. It generally carries twice as much traffic as Interstate 5, and traffic will only get heavier as population grows in the San Joaquin Valley. With a $1.2 billion budget, Caltrans plans to undertake some 235 projects that span the spectrum of transportation construction. A first priority is to convert the entire route to freeway.


A kind of wireless mouse bid is introduced designs a circuit,which is to solve the reality when the computer operation once they leave the computer so that the computer will not be able to continue to work.Be a circuit's turn to use PT2262/PT2272 and radio frequency compiling and translating the code circuit to launch/ the received module interwork,can be nimble in more distant distance controlling the mouse bid,change and needing not act as any to the original mouse bid outward appearance and inside circuit,be put into use according with operation habit.May be used for remote usage computer occasion such as multi-media teaching,committee affairs demonstration broadly.


In agricultural fields, the damage caused by salinized winds is crucial for crops. In order to minimize the damage, it is required to detect the damaged areas and enact the proper procedures in order to save the damaged fields immediately after the disaster. In this paper, we propose indices that can indicate the degree of salt-breezed damages in the early withering-up stage. To detect the indices, high-spatial-resolution hyperspectral data taken in actual damaged paddy fields are analyzed. In addition, the sequential change of hyperspectral data in rice within artificial withering-up experiments is recorded to interpret the fundamental mechanism of the indices. The applicability of the indices for satellite data is also shown by applying them to simulated satellite data. Keywords-component; spectroscopy; rice paddy; hyperspectral; salt-damaged; SPOT5; NDVI; NDGI; withering up;


As the photovoltaic community accelerates the development of new absorber candidate materials towards high-performing PV devices, it is essential to follow best practices and leverage deeper characterization tools. We have identified temperature- and illumination-dependent current density-voltage $J$($V$,$T$,$i$) and electron-beam induced current (EBIC) measurements as two powerful PV device characterization techniques to evaluate the potential of novel absorber candidate materials. Herein, we focus on the experimental methods and best practices for applying $J$($V$,$T$,$i$) and EBIC, addressing particular challenges in sample preparation and mounting. We demonstrate these on the example of tin monosulfide, a promising PV absorber candidate material that shares characteristics of many novel thin-film PV absorbers: mechanically soft, polycrystalline, and used in heterojunction thin-film PV devices.


Objective To study the protective effect of tadenan on morphologic and enzymatic changes of the detrusor muscle after bladder outlet obsttuction (BOO).Methods 28 white male rabbits were divided into four groups of 7 rabbits in each group.Control group received operation but not forming obstruction model,while the other three groups received operation forming obstruction model.Two weeks after operation,tadenan group received tadenan orall.y at 100mg · kg-1 · d -1 for three weeks;peanut oil group received vehicle only and the obstruction group did not teceive any drugs for three weeks.After three weeks,the bladder detrusor muscles of each group were collected.Morphologic changes were observed under electron microscope.The MDA concentration and the activity of SOD,NOS and Ca2 + -Mg2+ -ATP ase were measured.Results Eletron microscopy showed lots of abnormities in the detrusor muscles in obstruction group.The diltation and degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum were abvious.Dropsy and vecuole denaturalization were found in mitochondria.The mitochondrial crista decreased or disappeared.A plenty of lysosomes were also found in the detrusor muscle cells.The activity of SOD[A group( 86.568 ±4.657),B group(89.218 ±4.430 ),C group ( 33.696 ± 3.010 ),D group ( 32.258 ± 2.001 ) U/ng protein ],NOS [ A ( 12.87 1 ± 1.240 ),R(9.274 ± 1.137),C(2.365 ±0.358 ),D(3.614 ±0.147) U/mg protein) ] and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATP ase[ (A(5.231 ±0.329),R( 5.362 ± 0.266),C ( 2.285 ± 0.354 ),D ( 2.654 ± 0.307 ) μmolPi/mg protein ) ],the concentration of MDA[A(8.369 ±0.170 ),B( 10.358 ±0.383 ),C(36.598 ± 3.120),D(42.574 -± 2.009) nmol/mg protein) ].Conclusion Tadenan had the protective effect on ultrastructure of detrusor cell,and it reduce the production of free radical and avoide excessive superoxidation to prevent the process of pathologic changes of the detrusor muscles.

Key words:
Urinary bladder neck obstruction ; Tadenan;  Reperfusion injury


The homoconjugate addition of various organocopper reagents to doubly activated cyclopropane (1) was investigated. The otpimized yield (81 %) was obtained when using higher-order cyano cuprate in the presence of trimethylsilyl cyanide, and the reaction was applied to synthesize (±)-juvabione intermediate 9.


The synthesis of methanol on the copper-containing catalysts SNM-2, NTK-2 and NTK-6 is investigated on a direct-flow test unit having a catalyst volume of 20 cm/sup 3/. It is shown that SNM-2 is the most active and low temperature capable catalyst. Its maximum yield approaches 85 t/(m/sup 3/ . day). The dependence of the yield of SNM-2 on the synthesis parameters and on the operating time is determined.


This paper reports on novel fabrication techniques for well-ordered Langmuir (L) and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of metallo tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanines (MTBPcs) containing various transition metal ions, i.e.Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and VO2+. An extreme dilute concentration of a developing solution releases the aggregation state of MTBPcs. Furthermore, the flow-orientation adjusts in-plane ordering of MTBPcs. Both procedures enable the fabrication of well-ordered L-monolayers of MTBPcs at the air-water interface. For the LB films prepared by the vertical dipping method, an annealing procedure dramatically improves the ordering of MTBPcs. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy also reveals that a spin-chain system in the MTBPc LB films possesses a two-dimensional order.


The lung and spleen of somatic nuclear transfer buffalo was observed by optical microscopy and HE staining tech- niques in this paper. The results showed that the structure of the lung in somatic cloned buffalo was faintly, the wrinkle of the bronchiole was disappeared. The alveolars extruded each other and contained large amount of collagen and elastic fibers. The structure of the splenic corpuscles of the white pulp was unclear, and the lymph tissue was almost dispersive. Much mucus and little blood could be seen in splenic sinus, and the whole staining was blue. It indicated that the lymph tissue did not develop well.


The aim of the work is to create a simulation model of the transceiver path of the electronic module using various application programs and conduct a comparative analysis of the results. Simulated electronic modules (EM) form the basis of the local navigation radio engineering system used for autonomous navigation of moving objects, including automatic traffic control systems. As you know, the development process of such systems is largely determined by the choice of the carrier radio frequency and the type of used radio signals. To optimize system engineering and circuit solutions, it is advisable to apply the method of simulation modeling. Currently available computer-aided design systems allow you to use the interactive design mode and simulate electronic systems in conditions close to the real working conditions. The simulation model of the transceiver path was created using two graphic programming languages - Simulink and LabVIEW, as well as using circuitry and system modeling programs. In addition, modules for collecting and processing data can be used in the model, which allows to compare the results of modeling and the results of physical research of the object in one environment. Thus, the user gets the opportunity to visualize all the conversion processes that take place in the simulated system, as well as measure the parameters of the system units and determine the signal requirements and evaluate the influence of various factors on the behavior of the system. The construction of the model involves its use, at the level of macro models component, and at the level of circuit analysis. Separately, the possibility of combining data from the results of experimental research and the results of modeling a prototype is considered, in addition, it is possible at the software level to use powerful and flexible devices (for example, USRP-2945 and USRP-2955) for collecting and analyzing radio signals. The user has a tool to improve the quality and reduce the duration of the project work. The result of the work is a closed-loop model of EM functioning in terms of determining the signal delay proportional to the distance from the interrogator to the transponder.


The main aim of this paper is to illustrate the notions of polyfunctionality and transcategoriality as described in Robert (2003, 2004) through the case study of the marker mà in modern Vietnamese. We lay out a multilevel analysis to account for its flexible categorial status. It will be proposed that mà is best treated as a Generalized Linker whose basic function consists of connecting two constituents of different types. We show that the transcategorial behavior of this morpheme results from its ability to operate on different levels: phrase level (relativizer, verbal conjunction), clause level (correlative conjunction), and sentence level (attitudinal sentence-final particle, discourse connector). In our account, the uses of mà at the sentence level and the weakening of its core function are the byproduct of some form of ellipsis targeting one of the two constituents connected by mà.


The Paradigm of the Living Logical System (LLS) puts into debate the logical and ontological bases of the orthodox economic models concerning the knowledge of the economic processes. The restraining of the living logical system concept operates with a series of new concepts concerning the subject. Within the current material we attempt to define the concept of economic process, and to define the concept of economic subject. Aside from this endeavor we also consider to define the following concept: cultural process, social process, process of the economic organization, cultural subject, social subject, institutionalized subject. The definition of these concepts is necessary within the required framework of the LLS.