By means of a prospective randomised trial protein turnover and general energy expenditure were measured after stomach or bowel resections in patients receiving either hypercaloric or hypocaloric parenteral nutrition. The results were correlated with the availability of various blood proteins and amino acids as well as the concentration of different substrates of the intermediary metabolism. The results show that there is no need for a hypercaloric parenteral nutrition even after major abdominal surgery. Apart of a slightly better nitrogenbalance, which is, however, connected with an increased nitrogen impact on the organism there was no advantage over hypocaloric intravenous nutrition at least until the fifth day after the operation.


We describe a patient who developed a brain abscess 52 years after sustaining a penetrating craniocerebral shrapnel injury. For 10 years he had suffered from diabetes mellitus, a disorder known to predispose to infections from a diminished body defence. The treatment and aetiology of this rare occurrence is discussed.


The article examines the specifics of managerial competencies, the classification of competencies based on a behavioral approach, visual interpretation of the competency model, reforms aimed at developing the managerial competencies of civil servants and managerial personnel in Uzbekistan. Also, a universal model of professional competencies is considered, which identifies five groups of competencies: personal, social, technical, organizational and administrative. The clusters of competencies are arranged in a specific order


The behavior of Taylor cells in a polyacrylamide solution contained between rotating cylinders is described. As the rotational speed increases, the cell aspect ratio changes from about 1 to 4. Hysteresis of the 4‐cell configuration is observed.


Reported is a cascade reaction leading to fully substituted cyclooctatetraenes. This unexpected transformation likely proceeds through a unique 8π electrocyclization reaction of a ene triyne. DFT computations provide the mechanistic basis of this surprizing reaction.


Abstract : Detailed event conditions and, to the extent possible, specific medical injury data now have been collected for Navy aircrewmen who ejected and were recovered, or became Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia. Initial analyses (previously reported) show the combat ejection, and consequently the associated injuries, to be appreciably more severe than encountered during non-combat operations. Additional analyses now have been conducted, primarily with repatriated Navy Prisoners of War, to establish some precise cause and effect injury relationships associated with high speed escape. The effect of escape injuries on subsequent evasion and survival is examined. Special attention is given to the effectiveness of escape, personal protective, and life support equipment. The adequacy of this equipment is evaluated in terms of an individual's injury condition and his success in using such equipment under the arduous conditions of combat escape, survival, rescue and capture.


This paper will discuss how the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") is portrayed in fiction. The seven novels discussed here 1 have been selected because FDA decisions and policies are crucial to each of their plots. This paper is not intended to offer an exhaustive look at how the FDA is depicted in literature, but rather to show how these narratives, through their characters and their personal tribulations, illuminate certain strengths and weaknesses of current FDA practices in a more vivid and personal way than traditional legal analysis. The paper is divided into four sections. First, this paper will discuss some systemic problems within the FDA regulatory process, as identified by these novels. Second, this paper will discuss the way these novels portray personnel issues faced by the Agency. Third, this paper will discuss the novels' depiction of the FDA's successes. Fourth, this paper will comment on the utility of using fiction as a lens through which to study a government agency such as the FDA. A plot summary of each novel is attached as Appendix A. 2 Attached as Appendix B is a list of the best available sales data for each book.


 Delay in diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency is common. ~ 47% of patients have symptoms for over 1 year and 20% for over 5 years before diagnosis. Autoimmunity is the most common aetiology for Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (PAI) in developed countries. But up to 10-20% of PAI could be due to Tuberculosis (TB).  TB usually affects lungs, extra pulmonary forms (EPTB) occur in up to 30% of cases. Isolated adrenal TB is relatively rare  Adrenal glands are frequently involved in TB, adrenal insufficiency is rarely seen Case Report


We calculate neutrino processes involving two nucleons at subnuclear densities using chiral effective field theory. Shorter range noncentral forces reduce the neutrino rates significantly compared with the one-pion exchange approximation currently used in supernova simulations. For densities p < 10 14 g cm -3 , we find that neutrino rates are well constrained by nuclear interactions and nucleon-nucleon scattering data. As an application, we calculate the mean-square energy transfer in scattering of a neutrino from nucleons and find that collision processes and spin-dependent mean-field effects dominate over the energy transfer due to nucleon recoil.


Infection continues to be the major cause of death in patients who have been severely burned although the spectrum of pathogenic bacteria responsible for the death of burned patients has undergone a definite metamorphosis. 1 Prior to the discovery and use of penicillin, streptococcal infections accounted for a large number of infectious deaths. Staphylococcus aureus became the predominant cause of postburn septic deaths with the emergence of penicillin-resistant strains. In more recent years, the Staphylococcus has been controlled by penicillinase-resistant antibiotics, and infections with gram-negative organisms, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa , have become increasingly prevalent. Most of these infections can be controlled by appropriate systemic and topical antimicrobial therapy, but sepsis from P aeruginosa continues to be a major problem in most burn centers. Well-established Pseudomonas sepsis in patients with large burns has been exceedingly difficult to control by any treatment regimen, and the vast majority of these patients fail to survive.


The paper deals with comparative assessment of the biochemical composition of biomass of Ankistrodesmus braunii (Nageli) Lemmerm. and Scenedesmus rubescens P.J.L. Dang cultivated in closed photobioreactor. Complete edible biomass was obtained of both algal species with high content of protein, photosynthetic pigments, sulpholipid and acylcarnitines. In A. braunii biomass content of proteins was 8.0 times higher than in S. rubescens, content of essential amino acids 1.3 times, chlorophylls 2.9 times, carotenoids 2.0 times, sulfolipid 4.7 times, and acylcarnitines 2.0 times.


Over a 22 year period, 53 infants under 1 year of age suffered gastrointestinal perforations. Seventy-two per cent of these took place during the first week of life.Predisposing factors have been found to range widely through the following general categories: metabolic, genetic, inflammatory, mechanical, and unexplained. Twentytwo of the babies were born prematurely.Sixteen perforations were iatrogenic. Of these, 11 followed a variety of surgical procedures, 1 developed subsequent to transfusion, and 4 resulted during or after barium enema examinations.The anatomic distribution showed the stomach, the small intestine, and the colon each accounting for between 23 and 30 per cent of the total. Perforations of esophagus and duodenum were much less frequent, 3 each. In 5 patients a site of perforation was not identified.Twenty-six of the patients survived— an incidence of 49 per cent. The highest survival was in stomach perforations, 9 out of 12 (75 per cent). None of the 3 infants with duodenal perforation l...


Background: Clear clinical communication between clinicians and radiographers in confirming of clinical information remains key in the provision of quality healthcare. As per procedure, clinicians make a clinical diagnosis and thereafter, request the radiographers to carry out sonographic examinations and produce Diagnostic Ultrasound Reports (DURs) based on the clinician"s request. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the adequacy of clinical communication between clinicians and radiographers on the quality of DURs at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. A total of 40 Clinicians were conveniently recruited into the study while 12 radiographers were purposefully sampled. Two types of special semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires were administered. Each type was to a specific professional discipline, i.e. clinicians or radiographers. Data analysis was done using Social Statistical Packages for Social Scientist Version 22. Results: The study revealed that it was a common practice for the radiographers to receive requests from the clinicians demanding for repeat of the DURs. Clinical meetings between clinicians and radiographers were irregularly held. Less than a quarter of the clinicians lacked specialized training in Diagnostic Ultrasound. The study further revealed that practitioners" gender had no effect on the adequacy of communication between clinicians and radiographers while qualifications and work experience had effect. Conclusion: The study showed that communication between clinicians and radiographers at the UTH was inadequate. The major causes to this inadequacy included the use of unstandardized radiological request forms and lack of regular clinical meetings.


Partnerships between academia and NGOs remain rare. Following his latest post highlighting the findings of a recent InterAction report on this subject, Duncan Green considers what more can be done to overcome the barriers to collaboration that persist. Effective, mutually beneficial partnerships can indeed be forged but these should be initiated earlier than currently happens, and with greater encouragement of exchange of ideas and personnel.


Abstract The Nerthra alaticollis species-group is defined as a monophyletic group on the basis of wing and genitalic characters. Two new species are described: Nerthra appha n. sp. and N. polhemi n.sp. Nerthra membranacea Nieser is recognized as a junior synonym of N. adspersa. Nerthra tuberculata (Montandon) and N. praecipua Todd are removed from the alaticollis species-group. Nine species are assigned to the species-group, and all species are described with illustrations. A phylogeny of species is provided.


After the construction and development of weather radar detection network in recent decades, hundreds of new generation weather radar detection network have been applied in practice. From the perspective of R&D and application of weather radar digital products, under the influence of radar hardware quality, electromagnetic interference and other factors, there will be many abnormal images in weather radar image products, which will directly follow the weather forecast results, so meteorological business must combine intelligent algorithms to solve these problems. In this paper, an application algorithm for automatic detection of weather radar abnormal images is proposed, which includes four parts: image preprocessing, edge detection, feature extraction and classifier based on artificial neural network. The final experimental results show that this method can effectively solve the problem of abnormal image observation and inspection, and can ensure the efficiency and quality of practical application.


1. This note examines the competitiveness of the export sector in São Tomé and Príncipe. It relies on the framework developed by Reis and Farole (2012) and examines the export competitiveness along four complementary dimensions: export growth and market shares, diversification in terms of product and destinations, quality of exports, and the survival or persistence of export flows. It uses export productlevel data for the period 2000–2017, as available, from international trade databases that help in benchmarking the performance of São Tomé and Príncipe with that of peer countries. Peer countries include, as data is available, Belize, Cabo Verde, Comoros, Dominica, Fiji, Mauritius, Maldives, Seychelles, St. Lucia and Vanuatu. While this note focuses on export outcomes, it also provides a brief picture on imports into São Tomé and Príncipe.


In 1850, as the term the 'Raj' was gaining momentum to describe the British rule in India, a military surgeon in France, Dr. Charles Sédillot, noted that some surgical wounds seemed to share a blue-green discolouration. Eventually, the causative organism was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Despite learning more each decade about its ability to intrinsically produce and acquire mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, P. aeruginosa continues to be a major cause of infection in acute-care hospitals worldwide and especially in India.


in the United States and in most countries. Additionally, the Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism states, "Because transplant commercialism targets impoverished and otherwise vulnerable donors, it leads inexorably to inequity and injustice and should be prohibited." Transplant professional societies have also condemned the practice of organ selling; nonetheless, it is known that organ selling occurs worldwide. It is generally accepted that organ donations are meant to be gifts ("The Gift of Life"); thus when they are bought and sold, they can be argued to be commercialized like televisions and toasters. When organs come with a price tag, there are fears that living donor candidates will underestimate or devalue the risks of their participation in the surgical procedure and aim their sights on financial gain. Donation should not be a form of "seasonal employment" for those who are marginalized (eg, unemployed and without financial support, burdened with debt). For many of these individuals, their "season" of tough financial times is not cured by selling an organ, and their financial problems linger and can be increased if they suffer lengthy or significant clinical complications that render them unable to work or with uncompensated medical expenses. Even Iran's "regulated" compensation system is known to be fraught with ethical problems such as under-the-table exchanges of money. The process of screening individuals for suitability for transplant and donation generally includes a psychosocial assessment; however, the nature of this assessment and the practitioners involved (eg, psychologist, psychiatrist, social worker, ethicist) vary among facilities. And although medical literature and professional society guidelines generally decry paid donation, no assessment tools have been published that can help transplant professionals in their aim to screen out donor candidates and potential recipients who intend to participate in organ vending (buying/selling). This article presents 3 transplant ethics case consultations that spawned the creation of a set of behavioral prompts for teams to probe when screening candidates about their suitability for participation as living donors or transplant recipients. Although probing these behavioral prompts provides no guarantee that organ selling or buying has or will not occur, such probing shows efforts in due diligence by the transplant center. At California Pacific Medical Center (CPMC), ethics consultations are free and can be requested by anyone. Once a consultation is requested, an ethicist examines the case, meets with case participants, and Probing transplant and living donor candidates about their participation in organ vending


The research aims to study and experimentally verify the effectiveness of the use of the Quizlet computer-based flashcard program for teaching future air traffic controllers (ATCs) profession-related vocabulary. In this research, we applied a mixed-method research design. The sample of the experiment participants was 57 first-year students majoring in "Aviation transport". To evaluate the efficiency of Quizlet incorporation into aviation English learning, we used tests, speaking activities, observations, and questionnaires (the former two to assess passive and active vocabulary knowledge and the latter to evaluate the students` engagement and motivation). The empirical data proved Quizlet to be an effective vocabulary learning tool that positively influences students` proficiency in speaking skills and interest in learning aviation English. Based on the obtained findings, we claim vocabulary acquisition to be the basis for foreign language learners` general language proficiency contributing to the development of voice communication skills. An important conclusion is made on the need to include in aviation English courses the intentional vocabulary learning component implying explicit vocabulary teaching, which then should be complemented with speaking practice and incidental vocabulary acquisition techniques. The research findings can be implied in aviation English and foreign language teaching presenting an experimental verification of computer-based flashcard program efficiency in the language learning process.


The paper describes two separate test runs. The electrochemical potential (ECP) of two welds was observed. It was demonstrated that a thin 1 μm coating of palladium effected the same reduction in the ECP of deaerator feedwater storage vessel welds in service as a 0.2 mm thick coating; the reduction being around some 125 mV. Also, it was established that the ECP of the Pd coated welds did not respond, i.e., exhibit positive shifts in ECP. to inereases in dissolved oxygen levels of up to several hundred ppb. An off-load event, however, caused large positive shifts in the ECP levels of both the oxidized and Pd coated welds where dissolved oxygen levels reached saturation values of around 8000 ppb.


Industrial solid wastes can be recycled as nonconventional adsorbents, if they are nontoxic, to reduce the cost of wastewater treatments. "Waste" Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide, generated electrolytically in the treatment of Cr(VI) containing wastewaters in a fertilizer industry was used for the adsorption of arsenic(V) from aqueous solution. Parameters studied include arsenic(V) concentration, agitation time, adsorbent dosage, adsorbent particle size, temperature, and pH. The adsorption capacity was evaluated by using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption followed a first-order rate expression. Adsorption of As(V) was independent of the initial pH (3−10) of the aqueous solution. Temperature studies showed that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature. Desorption of As(V) from spent adsorbent was also investigated using NaOH solutions.


: Most communication traffic in today's Network on Chips (NOC) is based on router for volatile memory based designs. The NOC should be designed to efficiently handle the many-to-one communication pattern, data access to and from the routing controller. This paper motivate the use of separate network for routing and justify the power consumption and performance improvement is obtained by using Argo and FALP methods, when compared to traditional round robin method. The paper shows how the congestion is avoided using Argo method and state transition based Finite State Machine memory controller is designed for on-chip cores which optimize area and power . Our experiments on a realistic NOC multimedia benchmark shows a large reduction in power consumption and improvement in throughput when compared to existing solutions.


The teaching profession is widely regarded as being very stressful (Klassen, Usher &
Bong, 2010; Otero, Castro, Santiago & Villardefrancosl, 2010). South African teachers,
especially Black teachers working in previously disadvantaged areas, have to cope with serious
stressors such as overcrowded classrooms and limited resources on a daily basis (Ngidi &
Sibaya, 2002; Moloi, 2010). Occupational stress of this nature is known to have significant
negative implications for well-being, and chronic stress has been linked to mood and anxiety
disorders, and other forms of psychopathology (Bellingrath, Weigl & Kudielka, 2009; Brock &
Buckley, 2012; Mundai, 2010). However, psychological buffers could enable individuals to
sustain normal development and even experience well-being, despite the presence of long-term
stress (Friborg, Hjemdal, Rosenvinge & Martinussen, 2003; Ryff & Singer, 2003). Noted among
these so-called protective factors, the process of self-regulation has been found to be predictive
of positive outcomes with regard to physiological and psychological well-being (Hofer, Busch &
Kartner, 2011; Peterson & Seligman, 2004). Self-regulation has, however, been found to
represent a resource susceptible to depletion with repeated use, and there have been contradictory
reports regarding the long-term sustainability of self-regulation capacity (Converse & DeShon,
2009; Ryan & Deci, 2008). No longitudinal studies could be found that explore the natural
progression of self-regulation in a highly stressful context, and how changes in self-regulation
are associated with changes in stress and well-being levels. This thesis consists of three sub-studies that are reported in three manuscripts. In the first
of these sub-studies the levels of occupational stress and mental well-being in a cohort of Black
South African teachers were investigated, including how these two variables are related to each
other. The second sub-study aimed firstly to investigate the association between self-regulation
and Black South African teachers' self-reported levels of mental well-being. Secondly, it aimed
to determine the role of the sub-constructs of the self-regulation process in the teachers' selfreported
levels of mental well-being. The aim of the third article was also two-fold. It first aimed
to determine the natural progression of self-regulation within a highly stressful work context
over a period of three years. It then aimed to determine how long-term changes in the selfregulation
of individuals finding themselves in high-stress working conditions are associated
with changes in their self-reported levels of stress and mental well-being. Black South African
teachers (N=200, 101 men, 99 women) of ages ranging from 25 to 65 years from the North-West
province of South Africa participated in the baseline phase of the SABPA project in 2008. Of the
original 200 participants, a total of 173 teachers (88 men, 85 women) took part in data collection
for the follow-up study in 2011. Data were collected by making use of…


Background : Kids Helpline offers Australia's largest youth counselling service, which received 360,000 direct contact attempts in 2018 alone. While help seeking amongst young Australians, aged 5-25 years is on the rise, the helpline's ability to address this demand is limited. Thus, 59% of all contact attempts to Kids Helpline remain unanswered. Meanwhile, the service has seen a significant shift of support-seekers from traditional phone counselling to online modalities such as chat, or email. This shift provides a great potential for the service to increase its accessibility via alternative media by implementing innovative digital health technologies. Methods : An end-user led engagement framework using a series of participatory design workshops (PDWs) following qualitative methodological guidelines was applied to inform the development of a new app aiming to increase highly-engaging and customisable access to support. The app was then trialled with a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) with young participants, aged 13-25 years comparing app access to no-access conditions combined with treatment as usual. Results : Qualitative analysis of the PDWs identified six states of the journey from 'being unwell' to 'wellbeing'. The new app provides support for overcoming the barriers related to each state. The RCT recruited over 600 young people and followed them up for three months, measuring mental health, wellbeing, resilience and perceived app quality, using the uMARS app rating scale. Preliminary analyses show promising results. Conclusions : Participatory design research is an integral component of the conceptualisation and development process, ensuring high quality and uptake of novel eHealth interventions. RCT, results provide further insight about the effectiveness of the app and its potential integration in Kids Helpline's service provision. RCT results, strengths and limitations will be discussed.


Amphibians are animal that requires combinations of hydrosphere (riparian vegetation, water body) and vegetation (trees) microhabitats. In urban settings, those microhabitats are scarce and disappearing. One of areas that still have sufficient microhabitats to support amphibian populations is located in an 88.9 Ha urban forests of Universitas Indonesia Campus in West Java. Here, this paper aims to assess and model the several amphibian species occupancy (Ψ) with vegetation covers, riparian vegetation, and water bodies based on Akaike habitat selection (AIC) indices. The studied amphibian species include Bufo melanosticus, Hylarana nicobariensis, Fejervarya limnocharis, and Polypedates leucomystax. For modeling, 7 microhabitat models were developed and tested for amphibian species occupancy with covariates including vegetation cover, riparian vegetation, and water body microhabitats. The Principle Component Analysis (PCA) shows that the occupancies of amphibian were influenced mostly by the presences of water bodies followed by riparian vegetation, and vegetation covers. According to the values of Ψ and AIC, Polypedates leucomystax and Fejervarya limnocharis were species that have high occupancy in riparian vegetation microhabitats with Ψ values of −14.18 and −12.59. Likewise, Hylarana nicobariensis has an equal occupancy in vegetation, riparian vegetation, and water body microhabitats. While Bufo melanosticus shows high occupancy in vegetated microhabitats (Ψ = −14.18) rather than in riparian vegetation and water bodies (Ψ = −8.79). The combinations of riparian vegetation and water bodies show higher occupancy (Ψ = −8.00) rather than Ψ(vegetation cover+water body = −5.64) and Ψ(vegetation cover+ riparian vegetation = −4.36) combinations.


The efficiency of shape memory alloys for the MEMS technology has been recently demonstrated. Quasibinary intermetallic TiNi-TiCu alloys produced by rapid quenching from liquid phase in the form of thin (about 40 um) ribbons are an attractive material for the fabrication of micro-actuators due to their narrow temperature hysteresis of the shape memory effect (SME) and relatively large recoverable strain. In order to broaden the functionality of SME microdevices, in this work we have alloyed TiNiCu containing 25 at.% copper with aluminum. The results have shown that alloying with 0.6 at.% Al increases the cast characteristics of the composition and favors its amorphization. Upon crystallization by isothermal annealing or electropulse treatment the resultant microstructure and SME properties of the Al containing alloy change but slightly in comparison with the original alloy however there is a significant shift (by more than 15°C) of the SME temperature range toward lower temperatures.


【A report by the National Research Council in the United States suggested that many lung cancer deaths each year are associated with breathing radon in indoor air. Most of the indoor radon comes directly from soil beneath the basement of foundation. Recently, radon released from groundwater is found to contribute to the total inhalation risk from indoor air. This study presents the assessment of a exposure to radon released from the groundwater into indoor air. At first, a 3-compartment model is describe the transfer and distribution if radon released from groundwater in a house through showering, washing clothes, and flushing toilets. The model is used to estimate a daily human exposure through inhalation of such radon for adults based on two sets of exposure scenarios, Finally, a sensitivity analysis is used to identify important parameters. The results obtained from the study would help to increase the understanding of risk assessment issues associated with the indoor radon released from groundwater.】


In the article, the task to evaluate the condition of the Russian economy amid slumping energy prices and «exchange of sanctions» is addressed. It also aimes to define the priority directions of the economic policy of the Russian Federation as the full-service institutions capable to maintain the stability and consistency of development. The process of ensuring the spatial structure development of the Russian territories by means of involvement in the development processes the regional and municipal opportunities is offered to initiate with the optimization of the inter-budgetary relations of «municipality — region — federal centre.» All Russian citizens are recommended to treat more strictly and more responsibly the Constitution as the Basic Law supported by the populace and defining the strategic development priorities of the country on a long-term outlook. The methodology of the optimization of the inter-budgetary relations between the Federation, its subjects and municipalities is proved by the evidence-based delineation of powers and responsibility of each level for socio-economic results of work. It is offered to develop the national plan of socio-economic and social development engaging in work the experts and public; its main priorities have to be the improvement of the quality and productivity of the public administration and the spatial structure of the Russian territories. The mechanisms and institutions that help to involve the regions and territories to the implementation of the national plan are proved. The findings and recommendations offered in the paper may be used by the federal authorities in the development and adoption of laws and other regulations on the distribution of authority and optimization of the budgetary process. They are also may be useful for the regional and municipal authorities for the planning and development of the regional spatial structure.


The moisture of the bentonite is one of the important physical quota. The accuracy and reliability of the testing method will influence directly on the production of the vertical stove. On the basis of a lot of testing, the determination method of the bentionite is proposed with the treatment of the specimen with 200g±1g, and is based for two hours. The results show, that above method will not only determine the moisture of the bentonite wonderfuly, but also can elevate the testing speed and save the testing time about two hours. Thus it can provide the reliabilistical technology parameters for guiding the production of the vertical stove in time.


The performance of a dual-function solar collector (DFSC) that can work as either water heater or air heater depending on seasonal requirement is investigated via both experimental and numerical approaches in this paper. The numerical results are well consistent with the experimental results. Daily efficiency of the thermosiphon system with DFSC is more than 55% in water heating mode and the instantaneous air heating efficiency of the collector reaches 60%. The effects of inner parameters on the thermal efficiency of the collector are analyzed by numerical simulations of the operation of DFSC in two working modes. It is found that the depths of the two air channels in DFSC have an optimal range suitable for both working modes. The thickness of back insulation should be no less than 0.06 m to prevent heat loss via backboard, and the diameter and number of copper tubes show notable effect on the efficiency of DFSC in water heating mode but slight effect in air heating mode.


This contribution presents methods for detecting, estimating and reducing the effect of wind noise picked up by a dual microphone communication device. To discriminate the sound induced by the wind stream the complex coherence properties of the two microphone signals are exploited. Therefore, a coherence analysis of recorded signals is given. Based on the phase variance of the complex coherence function a wind noise detection mechanism is presented. Furthermore, an approach for the enhancement of distorted speech is developed, which uses the phase variance and the magnitude of the complex cross power spectral density (PSD). This stage is realized by a noise PSD estimation and a dedicated spectral subtraction weighting. The reduction of wind noise by means of spectral weighting often leads to severe degradations to the speech signal. However, the evaluation of the proposed algorithm demonstrates a better performance compared to related approaches.


Chronic graft-versus-host disease (CGVHD) is a complication that may arise in patients who have received bone marrow or stem cell transplants from another person (allogeneic transplants), in which the transplanted immune cells attack the host's own cells. Compared with acute GVHD, the chronic form usually occurs later, normally after 100 days post-transplant, and lasts longer, and it is the leading cause of late morbidity and mortality among recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).


As judged from oxygen consumption, lung cell mitochondria oxidized glycerol-1-phosphate at a rate (30 to 35 nmoles of oxygen per min per mg protein) comparable to that of 2-oxoglutarate or 50 to 60 per cent of that of succinate. Oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyrate in lung cell mitochondria was slow (6 to 8 nmoles of oxygen per min per mg protein) and corresponded to 20 per cent of that of 2-oxoglutarate or 10 per cent of that of succinate. The significance of oxidation of glycerol-l-phosphate in lung cell mitochondria may reside not only in transfer of cytoplasmic reducing equivalents to mitochondria but also in increased availability of phospholipids for oxidation and coupled energy production. The slow oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyrate might be related to either lack of required enzymatic apparatus or inhibition of the apparatus by fatty acid oxidation.


N-[(4-bromo-3,5-difluorine) phenyacrylamide was synthesized first time by the interaction of 4-Bromo-3,5-difluoroaniline with acryloyl chloride in presence of triethylamine. The compound behavior was investigated using TG and DSC techniques under non-isothermal linear regime. The non-isothermal kinetic data were analyzed with the Achar equation, Coats-Redfern equation,Kissinger equation, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa equation and Starink equation. The mechanism function and kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition were obtained. The chemical reaction mechanism (F3) controlled the decomposition process. The apparent activation energy and the pre-exponential factor were E=240.01 KJmol-1 and A=2.341023 s-1 respectively.


The information medium (1) the read signal S by performing a waveform equalization correction signal S 'waveform equalizer (6) to get to the read from is disclosed. A waveform equalizer (6), wherein the read signal S to perform the filtering process is a first filter 61 with respect to the read signal S amplitude level of a predetermined amplitude limitation by the limit amplitude limited read signal S The second filter 63 to perform a filtering process to said amplitude limited read signal S Also, the first filter 61 and second filter 63 adds the signals obtained by performing the filtering process by each of the adder 64 as the corrected read signal S 'that may cause the addition result is present do. Signal frequency response of said waveform equalizer (6) for a signal having a smaller amplitude than the predetermined amplitude limit, wherein a has a notch in a first frequency range to which the highest amplitude in the signal frequency response from zero frequency. Reproducing information recorded on the information carrier (1) and the apparatus having a waveform equalizer (6) may read a higher S / N ratio and more information has a lower data jitter. As a result, the information reproducing apparatus may have a further at the same time, which can be applied to the higher bit density, allows S / N ratio and jitter data as possible.


The utility model discloses an intelligent pocket-sized electric boiler, which is characterized by comprising a casing body, wherein a switched-control circuit and at least a heating pipe are arranged in the casing body, wherein the heating pipe is connected with an external power through the switched-control circuit, both ends of the heating pipe are sealed to connect with a connecting flange, a through hole which is communicated with the heating pipe is arranged on the connecting flange, an room temperature sensor is connected on the switched-control circuit, and the room temperature sensor is threaded through the casing body. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure and small volume, which is suitable for various water heating radiators, since the switched-control circuit is connected with the room temperature sensor which can measure indoor temperature at any time, and then indoor temperature is controlled through the switched-control circuit according to heating requirements of people.


Medical devices inserted into an organism are suspected to the growth of aggregated bacteria on their surface termed biofilm. Biofilm can sometime resist antimicrobial treatments. Thus, implant-associated infections cannot always be treated in an effective way with antibiotics, and in the majority of cases, the only way to fight the infection is to remove the implant. This event poses a public health problem, being crucial to find new strategies to face this serious issue. A promising approach to prevent biofilm formation on medical devices is preventing the adhesion of bacteria to the surface using a coating that avoids bacterial attachment on surfaces, i.e., an antifouling coating. In this work, we used a fluorinated tripeptide that prevent biofilm formation to coat the biopolymer poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) that is suitable for making biodegradable medical devices. Our results shows that PCL coated with this tripeptide reduced the amount of bacteria by ~50% when compared to bare PCL. This newly developed PCL can be useful for the formation of tracheal stents, as this biodegradable polymer is suitable for long term applications due to its slow degradation rate.


For the engineering courses in Chinese universities,the cultivation about professional interest and education for all-around development are always ignored.Simultaneously,the impartation of traditional culture is entirely substituted with professional knowledge.Therefore,the education effect is imperfect.Based on author's innovation practice for the course of civil engineering generality,the necessity to carry out education for all-around development in the professional education course is discussed in the paper,and some experience coming from the innovation practice is introduced.


A patient with a long history of diplopia on upgaze was examined clinically and electro-oculographically. Upward saccades were normal in the right eye, whilst the left eye made a diagonal saccade up and to the left, coming back to midline with a slow movement. Only minor underaction of her left lateral rectus was observed on examination and both adducting and abducting saccades were of normal velocity. Upward smooth pursuit was largely smooth, albeit with occasional saccadic intrusions; downward pursuit was smooth from upgaze to the horizontal and saccadic from there to downgaze. The saccadic defect could arise from a misdirected axonal projection from the third nerve nucleus to the left lateral rectus; the pursuit deficit could arise from a proposed misrouting of vertical smooth pursuit signals.


A study is made of the slowing down of general, self‐consistent, large‐orbit ion rings due to small‐angle Coulomb scattering in a dense, cold plasma. An earlier study was restricted to rings with distribution functions f( Pθ, H ) which were narrowly peaked at Pθ and H, where Pθ is the single‐particle canonical angular momentum and H is the kinetic energy. In the present work, general distribution functions with arbitrary spreads in Pθ and H are treated by representing f( Pθ, H ) as a sum of many delta‐function contributions. The self‐consistent collisional evolution of the coupled many‐delta function system is determined numerically. The reversal factor δ of field‐reversed rings is seen to gradually increase initially, as in the earlier study. However, δ(t) decreases rapidly with time for t>t*, where t* is the time required for the lowest‐energy particles to slow down to zero energy.


This article explores the relationships among social work, feminist theory and ethnography in the context of social work research. The discussion reflects my research in the southeastern Caribbean. There are similarities between clinical social work and ethnographic research: both actively observing the actions of individuals and talking with them to gain an understanding of their lives from their own perspective. Two constructs generated from postmodern and post-colonial feminist scholarship served as cornerstones for this research, contextual diversity and reciprocity. These elements are also embedded in the ethnographic tradition and in the core mandates for social work practice. This writing provides a deconstruction of these concepts, discusses their grounding in the three disciplines, and illustrates their application in the research study through specific examples. The intersection of the traditions of social work, ethnography, and feminism were found to create a valuable research method that is especially compatible with social work research.


The article presents the analysis of different methods of assessing competences of future professionals. Benefits and drawbacks of formed competences and their components assessment are analyzed.


"The Vast Expanse of Interstellar Space": Alan Gregory's Science Fiction Theology Science Fiction Theology : Beauty and the Transformation of the Sublime. By Alan P. R. Gregory. Waco, Tex.: Baylor University Press, 2015. $59.95 (cloth).The late Marion Hatchett, professor of liturgies and author of the massive Commentary on the American Prayer Book,1 once told this writer that he believed that the Reverend Howard Galley had written Eucharistic Prayer C in 1969 on a washing machine in a laundromat in the New York City neighborhood of Chelsea. "The vast expanse of interstellar space" is a well-known line from it.2 One aspect that might give the anecdote credibility is that by that year, the television series Star Trek3 had impressed such words as "interstellar" upon the imagination and vocabulary of the American public.Watching episodes of it today, it is perhaps difficult to conceive the impact the show had then. The special effects, costumes, and makeup are cheesy by 1960 standards, never mind todays. The acting was uneven, to say the least. Star Trek made its mark, however, by the mix of characters, especially the half-human, half-alien Mr. Spock. Lieutenant Uhura, a strong and competent leader, was thefirst significant television role played by an African-American woman. Japanese and Russian officers showed that humanity had made peace with its past. The tension between Spock and Captain Kirk was the mainspring of the drama, as they gradually become friends.The stories were by and large well-conceived riffs on social and political themes of the day, as well as some metaphysical musings, especially on the question of what does it mean to be a human being. That is arguably the constant underlying plot line of all the program s episodes, and the five series which have followed it. Because it is set in interstellar space, specifically "where no man has gone before," with technology like faster-than-light spacecraft drives and teleportation, Star Trek is quintessential science fiction. As such, it is also rife with theological musings. For as John Calvin pointed out, to know God is to know oneself, to know what it is to be truly human.4More Star Trek movies are on the way, continuing to follow Spock and Kirk as young officers. The Martian is presently at the top of the box office. Gravity was a recent huge success, as well as Prometheus (the latest of the Alien franchise) and Interstellar, all films with significant theological underpinnings. At this time of writing, there is a storm of publicity to prepare for the imminent release of the seventh film in the Stars Wars series. "May the Force be with you!" has been a colloquial staple since the first film in the series was released in 1977. It is a valediction that is also almost a prayer: "God be with you!" Those who consider science fiction to be beneath them need to pay attention: these films are all intentionally proclaiming various perspectives on God, humanity, creation, and the sublime to huge global audiences. They affect us all, in one way or another.Therefore, theologians must be conversant in science fictions multitude of theologies, and preachers must become fluent in its major conventions and vocabulary, as well.5ScientifictionClive Staples Lewis is perhaps best known for his fantasy novels set in Narnia. But he wrote three major science fiction novels as well, Out of the Silent Planet, Perelandra, and That Hideous Strength.6 They are all allegories on Christian themes, seen through the eyes of the recurring character, Dr. Elwin Ransom. Lewis also wrote a reflection on science fiction, or "scientifiction," as it was then still being called. In On Science Fiction, Lewis attempts a defense of the genre. He makes a number of points that are still relevant. First, not all readers enjoy science fiction. It is mythopoeic, and some people simply loathe such literature, whether fairy tales or fantasies like J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings: "It would seem from the reactions it produces, that the mythopoeic is rather, for good or ill, a mode of imagination which does something to us at a deep level. …


Based on the review of water transportation in Suzhou and analysis t o the current situations of Suzhou Waterway, and in accordance with the requirem ent of social economic development of Suzhou to water transportation, it puts fo rward suggestions to waterway planning.


Object tracking algorithms in thermal imaging are very important in both civil and military applications, especially in the domain of surveillance and monitoring. Compared with visual object tracking, thermal infrared tracking has several advantages, but also possesses certain undesirable properties which makes the tracking task more challenging. With the aim of overcoming them, we apply a state-of-the-art Kernelized Correlation Filters (KCF) based tracking algorithm, which demonstrates high accuracy and robustness in visual tracking tasks, with very low computational complexity, and possibility of using almost arbitrary feature representations of the target, as well as nonlinear kernels. The algorithm has been tested on several chosen examples, using two different feature representations (raw pixels and HOG features). The simulation results are promising, with good performance even in the situations considered to be hard for thermal tracking.


Objective To explore the different levels of serum S100B protein in patients with cerebral infarction and highsensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) concentration and its relationship between the volume of cerebral infarction.Methods Electrochemiluminescence transmission and immune turbidimetry of 56 cases of cerebral infarction patients with serum S100B protein and determination of hs-CRP,and analysis of both the volume and relevance of cerebral infarction.Results The serum S100B protein in patients with cerebral infarction and hs-CRP protein was significantly higher than the normal control group(P0.01),concentration and infarct size and clinical prognosis in a significant correlation.Conclusion S100B protein is a glial marker proteins,as early diagnosis of cerebral infarction sensitive biological indicators of cerebral infarction patients to determine the severity of the lesion, the size of infarct volume have better clinical significance.hs-CRP is a typical acute phase protein,CRP-induced Synthesis and inflammatory cytokines are closely related,the higher the level of inflammatory response is an important biochemical indicators. Combined detection of serum S100B and hs-CRP for patients to judge the severity of cerebral infarct volume and clinical significance of a certain extent.


The disconnection of significance education and moral education causes friction between university moral education and life itself.University moral education,bases itself on life care,and in accordance with the relationship between moral practice and the construction of the world of meaning,from the spiritual needs of university students and through the integration of moral education curriculum,moral understanding education,calls upon significance and morality meet with life,as harmonious moral education enriches and fulfills life.


Objective To compare the combinative usage and single usage of amlodipine and benazepril to veverese EH-LVH and the infulence of cardiac function.Methods 82 patients with EH-LVH were divided vandomly into three groups:group A(n=29) utilized amlodipine and benazepril,gronp B(n=27),utilized amlodipine only,group C(n=26) utilized benazepril only.Blood press and UCG of these three groups were recorded before and after medication for 3~6 monthes.Results The undevpressrue of the three gronps was good.There was no evident difference between group A and B,but group C had lower uderpressure(P0.05).Patients in the three groups reversed EH-LVE.There was no evident difference between B and C,but group A was evidenter than B and C group(P0.05).The diastolic function of the three groups all become better.There was no evident difference between group B and C,but group A become better than group B and C(P0.05).Conclusion Reversing EH-LVH and reliving the damage of left diastolic function is better using amlodipine and benazepril together.


Single-cell sequencing technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to characterize the complexity of biological samples with high resolution. At the same time, variations in sample processing and experimental protocols introduce technical variability – or "batch effects" – in the molecular readouts, hindering comparative analyses across samples and individuals. Although batch effect correction methods are routinely applied in single-cell omics analyses, data integration often leads to overcorrection, resulting in the loss of true biological variability. In this study, we present STACAS v2, a semi-supervised scRNA-seq data integration method that leverages prior knowledge in the form of cell type annotations to preserve biological variance. Through an open and reproducible benchmarking pipeline, we show that semi-supervised STACAS outperforms popular unsupervised methods such as Harmony, FastMNN, Seurat v4, scVI, and Scanorama, as well as supervised methods such as scANVI and scGen. Notably, STACAS is robust to incomplete and imprecise cell type annotations, which are commonly encountered in real-life integration tasks. Highlighting its scalability, we successfully applied semi-supervised STACAS to construct a high-resolution map of tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells encompassing over 500,000 cells from 265 individuals. Based on our findings, we argue that the incorporation of prior cell type information should be a common practice in single-cell data integration, and we provide a flexible framework for semi-supervised batch effect correction. STACAS seamlessly integrates with Seurat pipelines and can be run with one command: Run.STACAS(seurat.list, cell.labels).


Security policies are one of the most fundamental elements of computer security. Their design has to cope with composition of components in security systems and interactions between them. Consequently, a modular approach for specification and verification of security policies is necessary and the composition of modules must consistently ensure fundamental properties of security policies, in a rigorous and systematic way. This paper shows how to use extended Petri net process (EPNP) to specify and verify security policies in a modular way. It defines a few fundamental policy properties, namely completeness, termination, consistency and confluence, in Petri net terminology and relates them to classical notions. According to XACML combiners and to property preserving Petri net process algebra (PPPA), several policy composition operators are specified and property preserving results are stated for the policy correctness verification. The approach is illustrated on the design of a complex policy.


Connections between motor cortical neurons receiving somatosensory inputs from area 2 and large pyramidal cells in layer V were examined in the cat via intracellular injection of biocytin and immunohistochemistry of nonphosphorylated neurofilament proteins (npNFP). Biocytin was injected into pyramidal cells in layers II/III of the motor cortex that responded monosynaptically and polysynaptically to microstimulation of the somatosensory cortex and subsequently stained black by the avidin‐biotinylated preoxidase complex method with diaminobenzidine (DAB) and nickel. By using a monoclonal antibody SMI‐32 and a modified peroxidase‐antiperoxidase method with Tris‐aminophenylmethane (TAPM) and p‐cresol as a chromogen, pyramidal cells in layers III and V of the motor cortex were stained red for npNFP. In particular, all the large pyramidal cells in layer V, Betz cells, displayed intense npNFP immunoreactivity not only in the perikarya but also in the dendrites.


Basing on the application of Color Management, the basic principle of Color Management is introduced; the processes of creating ICCProfiles of the input, display and output devices are illustrated in detail. The ICCProfiles of scanners, displays and printer of prepress system are created using ColorOpen of the Heidelberg, the results of GATF-standard images' color reproduction are compared, analyzed and evaluated. 1. Forward Color management technology is always one of our key research projects. Most of imported prepress systems contain color management software as matters stand, nevertheless it was researched by certain standards, printing process conditions and printing materials of these systems' equipments and software, whose basic data were not suitable for our countries' printing situation. It's very difficult for us to realize real color reproduction at present situations. We need to do much basic and applied research works in order to fully make prepress system yield well, to raise productivity and to improve printing speed and quality. Based on the prepress system color management patterns, in the light of various input, display and output devices, goal of this research is to establish ICC profiles and to analyze characteristics of printing materials (paper, ink), thus to achieve transferring and conversion color accurately among various devices, to have the ability of effective color management, to bring about "what you see (set) is what you get" in the end. In the other words, we can get same color results of digital proofing and printing from different devices and different materials, which we can improve dramatically color quality and color stability of printing products. 2. The basic principle of color management based on ICC-standard Color management project accounting for prepress system is built to improve digital producing and quality management controlling based on the ICC-standard color management according to existing material and technology combining with prepress system devices. In order to manage color accounting for various output devices of prepress system having its own color reappearing space and color characteristics, we should, firstly, select CIE 1976 L*a*b* as reference color space PCS( Profile Connect Space) and convert device-dependent color space to device-independent CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space as device color converting standard and basis. Through various color management software describing various input and output devices' color characteristics, corresponding ICC-Profile files were built. During carrying out color management, color management software convert data files to reference color space PCS accounting for ICC-Profile of input devices, and covert color information of data files to color space of output devices( monitor, printer) accounting for ICC-Profile of output devices, which keep same color characteristics throughout workflow and achieve effective color management. Basic principle is illustrated as figure 2-1.


WHL—1 is a graft copolymer of modified polyacrylamide starch. It has a good water solubility. The factory test shows that fine particles in copper concentrate can be flocculated into large lump flocs by adding the flocculant, accelerating greatly their settling velocity and reducing the mass fraction of solid in the overflow to below 0.02%.


Products of special run of United Kingdom Hadley Centre Climate Model version 3 forced with A2 emissions scenario from Special Report on Emissions Scenarios for the 21st century are in the dataset. The results are used as boundary conditions for North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program.


Research clearly shows, that dealing with buildings in existing contexts is considered a main focus. The densification of cities is an ongoing topic, which can be achieved without dissolving the embodied energy, which exists through the built environment. This is one major aspect. Another aspect at the same time being respected when activating existing structures is the reduction of necessary new energy – site management, used resources/ materials, actual construction etc.for new buildings in identical locations, which often do not achieve higher quality architecture or comparably extended life cycles. Beyond this, the social culture value of existing structures has not been fully assessed. This is an underlying momentum for reconsidering architecture of the sixties and seventies. Roof-top extensions to existing structures is one way of adding to the densification using the potentials of the buildings while simultaneously refurbishing the envelope and considering reuse, recycling.


Adequate confinement of a ceramic block can lead to its impenetrability against long rod penetrators. New ballistic experiments (encapsulated rod experiments) enabling a pressurization of the front face of the ceramic block (dynamic confinement) have been performed and compared to results obtained from standard unconfined configurations (DOP tests). Impenetrability of the ceramic block is obtained with the encapsulated rod configuration. A modeling approach based on a description of the fragmentation process of the ceramic is proposed. In particular, effects of the void content of the fragmented ceramic on its shear resistance are taken into account. Comparisons between Eulerian computation and the experiments show that conditions for rod dwell are linked to immobilizing fragments of ceramic in front of the projectile.


We demonstrate the direct formation of vibronic ground state RbCs molecules by photoassociation of ultracold atoms followed by radiative stabilization. The photoassociation proceeds through deeply bound levels of the (2)3Π0+ state. From analysis of the relevant free-to-bound and bound-to-bound Franck–Condon factors, we have predicted and experimentally verified a set of photoassociation resonances that lead to efficient creation of molecules in the v = 0 vibrational level of the X1Σ+ electronic ground state. We also compare the observed and calculated laser intensity required to saturate the photoassociation rate. We discuss the prospects for using short-range photoassociation to create and accumulate samples of ultracold polar molecules in their rovibronic ground state.


To the Editor Dr. Alomari gave us some valuable comments on the diagnosis of our patient recently reported (1). First, Dr. Alomari pointed out that the term "KlippelTrénaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS)" is inaccurate. Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS) is the eponym applied to a condition of capillary-venous malformation associated with altered limb bulk and/or length. Cases of the condition were first reviewed by Klippel and Trénaunay in 1900 (2), who noted the combination of capillary nevus, varicosities, and hypertrophy of tissues and bones of the affected limb. The association of these findings with arteriovenous fistulae was described in 1907 by Parkes Weber (3), and therefore, the additional name "Weber" is sometimes added to describe those individuals who also have clinically significant arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) as a component of their KTS (KTWS). Certainly, KTS and Parkes Weber syndrome (PWS) are, strictly speaking, distinct disorders with different pathogenesis. Because our patient clearly presented with subcutaneous AVMs, we agree that our patient does not belong to KTS. Hence, we should have used "PWS", not KTWS, in this case report. However, even if an appropriate diagnosis of our patient would be PWS, his clinical picture was also atypical due to the presence of porthepatic venous shunts and no limbhypertrophy. We believe that the intrahepatic shunts should be a part of his systemic capillary-artery-venous vascular malformations since those were multiple and complex, regardless of the lack of severe liver cirrhosis. The diagnosis of Cobb syndrome or congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, and epidermal nevi (CLOVE) syndrome may be unlikely in our patient due to the lack of scoliosis, skeletal abnormalities, and spinal involvement as Dr. Alomari described. Overgrowth syndromes with vascular malformations are clinically and etiologically quite heterogeneous and incompletely defined. While we clinically reported our patient as "an unusual case of KTWS (PWS)" (1), it remains unknown whether or not the diagnosis we made is proper. A careful follow-up and further analysis of our patient is needed to answer this question.


Carreres-Ponsoda F, Escarti A, Cortell-Tormo JM, Fuster-Lloret V, Andreu-Cabrera E. The relationship between out-of-school sport participation and positive youth development. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 671-683, 2012. Despite growing evidence that participation in out-of-school activities and especially physical activity and sport programs facilitates positive development, little developmental research has been conducted on out-of-school sports programs compared with no participation in these activities or participation in other activities. Our study examined the participation of youth in out of school sport activities compared with participation in other out-of-school activities and the influences in self-efficacy, prosocial behaviour and personal and social responsibility. Results showed that youth participating in out-of-school sport programs have significant higher levels in self-efficacy, prosocial behavior and personal and social responsibility respect to those adolescents participating in other activities or among those who do not practice in any kind activity. Key words: OUT OF SCHOOL SPORT ACTIVITIES, POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT, SELF-EFFICACY, PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONAL AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY.


We calculated the thermoelectric properties of the Ag-based chalcogenides Ag2Se and Ag2Se0.5Te0.5 (AST) at room temperature using the Boltzmann transport equations within the density functional theory. We confirmed that the power factor S2σ and electronic figure-of-merit ZTe of the Ag2Se0.5Te0.5 compound can be enhanced by hole doping as compared with Ag2Se due to enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. The localized electrons introduced by Te doping give rise to heavy valence bands and a small band gap near the Fermi energy. We also investigated the thermoelectric properties of the compounds in terms of the two-band model within the assumption of arbitrary isotropic band dispersions. We suggest that the hole doping in the AST compound can produce a good candidate for p-type thermoelectric material by controlling the effective mass of valence band and small band gap opening. Using large atomic size elements for chemical potential tuning and isostructural substitution in Ag2Se related chalcogenides can be a good route to increase the thermoelectric performance.


We analyse diffractive weak boson production in $pp$ collisions. We show that the measurement of $W$ boson production asymmetry in the diffractive $pp$ collisions is a valuable method to test the concept of the flavour symmetric pomeron parton distributions.


This Bibliography of Publications of the Technical Department, Africa Region of the World Bank makes available a complete list of all formal and informal publications produced by the staff and consultants of the Africa Technical Department from July 1987 through April 1996. The publications cover the Technical Department's work in Africa in all sectors.


This Article will discuss how and why jury comprehension and decision-making can benefit from the use of empirical sources at trials where the standard of care is in dispute. It is suggested that this potential assistance to jurors should be a factor for legal policy-makers to weigh when they consider whether empirical data will be admitted at trials. However, this Article predicts that whether or not jurors receive this potential assistance in the form of empirical sources will depend largely on the politics of tort reform.


A method and an apparatus for forming a contact pad on a printed circuit board over a filled plate via or blind in which an additional metallic or a non metallic coating is applied to a final surface finished plate which encapsulates the side walls of the wear resistant surface plate, and also covers the side walls of the metal layer plated onto the filled via and the wrap around plated metal which was plated in the via and onto the surface of the base metal to the extents of the pad geometry. This prevents subsequent undermining through the etching process and ensuring the integrity and reliability of the vias' electrical connection when an underlying base metal such as but not limited to copper and the surface plated metal are formed when plating metal in the via and consequently onto the surface.


Deferasirox is a novel iron chelator formulated as tablets for dispersion (suspension) for once‐a‐day oral administration. The current study evaluated the absolute bioavailability of a single 375‐mg oral dose of deferasirox administered in the form of tablets compared with a 130‐mg intravenous infusion of deferasirox. Since this was a first‐in‐man study using the deferasirox intravenous (IV) formulation, the safety and tolerability of the IV formulation was evaluated in a pilot phase with a lower dose (65 mg) in 3 subjects prior to the main phase. The main study phase consisted of 17 healthy male volunteers. Plasma concentrations of deferasirox were measured following each treatment, and pharmacokinetic parameters including absolute oral bioavailability were determined. Absolute oral bioavailability of the deferasirox tablets was 70% (90% confidence interval, 62%‐80%). Deferasirox was characterized as having a low plasma clearance of 3.53 (± 0.87) L/h. A small volume of distribution of deferasirox at steady state (Vss) of 14.37 (±2.69 L) was determined, indicating a low tissue distribution.


Advances in genetic engineering, biotechnology and nanotechnology that not long ago seemed purely science fiction are now real. Cyborgs, superhumans and clones are alive amongst us today. What does it mean to be human now? What will it feel like to be a human a hundred years from now? Should we continue to embrace modifications to our minds, bodies and daily lives, or are there boundaries we shouldn't overstep?
HUMAN+ The Future of Our Species explores the possible future paths of our species. It asks what it means to be human in a world of artificial intelligence, lifelike robots and genetic modification. It probes the social, ethical and environmental questions raised by using technology to modify ourselves. Will virtual reality be the new reality? What would happen if a robot knew what we wanted before we knew ourselves? How might we modify ourselves to adapt to an environment that we are drastically transforming? Is longevity a noble aspiration or a terrible threat for the planet?
Showcasing works by international artists, scientists, technologists and designers. HUMAN+ presents a future world where the lines between fiction and reality are blurred and shows how our perception of humanity is being transformed by science and technology.


Phenol is one of the most hazardous pollutants present in industrial effluent. It is of considerable health concern even at low concentration. Phenolic waste water produced by the various processes also cause a major impact on the aquatic ecosystem. The increasing toxicity of phenol has become an alarming reason for its treatment. There are many conventional methods (chemical and physical) for the treatment of phenolic wastes. But they suffer from the problem of secondary effluent and hazardous by-products. Therefore in recent years much emphasis is being given to develop simple and reliable methods which can evaluate the degree of pollution. Biological treatment using microorganisms has proved to be the most attractive and successful process in the current scenario. This can completely degrade the phenol with no harmful end product. The present study was undertaken to check the efficiency of microorganisms like Pseudomonas putida NCIM 2650, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2074 and mixed culture (collected from industrial effluent) for the biodegradation of phenol. The whole process was carried out in shake flask batch culture using different concentrations of phenol varying from 100-1250 ppm. Results suggest that under optimum conditions of temperature i.e. 30°C, pH 7.0 and 150 rpm Pseudomonas aeruginosa proved to be an efficient host for phenol degradation with a degrading potential of 1250ppm.


We sampled 45 Andean mountain tapirs (Tapirus pinchaque) from Colombia and Ecuador and sequenced 15 mitochondrial genes (two rRNA and 13 protein codifying genes)—making up 13,939 base pairs, approximately 83.1% of the total mitochondrial DNA's length. The overall sample had low to medium levels of nucleotide diversity with diversity slightly higher for the Colombian population. Both populations experienced high historical gene flow and our genetic heterogeneity analyses revealed a low genetic differentiation between them. Therefore, we did not detect any molecular subspecies, or significantly different evolutionary units for T. pinchaque. This species experienced a population expansion in the last 100,000 years but this expansion was more pronounced in the Ecuadorian population especially in the last 10,000 years, whereas the Colombian population underwent a strong bottleneck in the last 5,000 patial genetic structure hylogenetic analyses years. There was no significant spatial trend in genetic structure for the mountain tapir in Colombia and Ecuador. Phylogenetic analyses did not detect any important geographic clade within this species. Temporal split between T. pinchaque and T. terrestris might have occurred around 7–1.5 million years ago (MYA). T. pinchaque and T. terrestris + T. kabomani are two monophyletic clades, suggesting that T. kabomani is not a full species. © 2015 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Säugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.


Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor with a wide band gap (Eg=3.37 eV) and numerous applications as photo- catalysts, antibacterial agent, solar cells, gas sensors, etc [1, 2]. However, wide-band gap semiconductors are only activated under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, which limits their practical applications. The doping of various transition-metal cations or anions into wide-band gap semiconductors has been extensively studied to increase the visible-light absorption of these photocatalysts. In order to develop ZnO visible-light photocatalyst activity, ZnO was doped with Fe3+ because bulk-doped Fe(III) ions acts as visible-light absorbers. In the present study, we prepared ZnO doped with 0-3 at.% Fe by hydrothermal method, in the absence and/or presence of a surfactant (CTAB) and, we investigated the as-obtained powders by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the photocatalytic tests on methylene blue (MB) in both UV and visible spectral regions. As results, we found that the morphologic and photocatalytic properties of the two series of samples - iron doped ZnO with and without surfactant are in opposition. The photocatalytic activity in both UV and visible spectral region for the samples prepared without surfactant decreases as the iron content in samples increases while, an increase of the photocatalytic properties can be observed in the case of samples prepared with surfactant as the iron content increases, in agreement with UV-vis reflection measurements. Our results highlight the beneficial role of iron and surfactant on the photocatalytic properties of ZnO [3,4].


Structure, Form and Content In its form, the Epistle of Jude is a classic example of an ancient letter. It begins with a greeting, continues with a theme, evolves into a body and concludes with a final doxology. Traditionally a linier structure has been suggested for the Epistle of Jude, where the theme of the letter focuses on the central content i.e. the apostates, giving the letter an outlook quite isolated from the ecclesiastical context. Occasionally, a more chiastic structure has been proposed. Yet more attention has been given to the false teachers within the Church community than to the Church itself. Thus, traditionally more attention is given to the apostate problem rather than to the pneumatic solution in Jude. Despite the large portion of polemics, Jude is more of an ecclesiastical exhortation than an attack against the apostates. The Epistle of Jude has a definite chiastic structure. The outline clearly shows that the importance of Jude pertains to the Church and its preservation. The battle against the apostates is in the heart of the letter. The following structural outline focuses on the Church community and its strategy for overcoming the danger of false teachers:


The theoretical grounding of the task concerning hybrid vehicles power units improvement is presented. All the components as well as the ways of their improvement are described and analyzed, and the scheme of strategies directed to power vehicles unit improvement is offered.


Microwave technology shows promise in cardiac applications for microwave assisted balloon angioplasty and microwave cardiac ablation. Traditional microwave energy sources used in these procedures have poor efficiency, are large size requiring them to be located far from the patient, and require coaxial cables to deliver power resulting in loss and heat generation causing potential safety issues. Artisan Laboratories Corporation has developed a new microwave energy source that has demonstrated 80 % efficiency compared with less than 20 % efficiency in classic microwave amplifiers. This source will significantly reduce the size of microwave generators, improve efficiency, reduce heat generation, and allow for the generator to be controlled through an optical fiber improving flexibility and ease of use.


The purpose of this toolkit is to: 1) explain what is meant by a Complete Streets approach to designing and building a transportation network; 2) share the benefits of Complete Streets; 3) identify the various elements that make streets truly "complete" and describe the needed amenities to accommodate users of Montana's roadways and 4) share innovative ways in which Montana's cities, small towns and tribal communities are already working to complete their streets. This document will provide a resource to engineers, planners, elected officials, and residents who desire safe and efficient facilities for bicycling, walking and transit within their communities. This toolkit is organized into three sections - Planning Guidance, Case Studies in Montana communities, and Design Guidance.


This article examined the degree to which a supply manager's intrapreneurial ability influences the quality of individual-level relationships with internal customers and the supplier's account executive. The moderating influence of the buyer's firm-level commitment to the supplier and how these relationships subsequently impact supplier performance were explored. The study assessed the supply manager's intrapreneurial ability using survey data gathered from 110 supply managers across a variety of industries. In key supplier relationships, a supply manager's intrapreneurial ability positively influences the quality of internal and external relationships. The firm's commitment to the supplier weakens the relationship between intrapreneurial ability and relationship quality. The findings highlight the value of individual skills to enhance relationships The ability to behave intrapreneurially shapes the quality of internal and supplier relationships. However, only the supply manager's relationship with the supplier's account executive is related to supplier performance. By examining the impact of intrapreneurial ability on individual-level relationships with internal customers and supplier's account executive, a more comprehensive view of business-to-business relationship management in the supply chain is gained.


Critical infrastructures are vital complex systems for our lives. Electrical grids, gas pipelines, telecommunication networks and transportation roads are examples of those critical infrastructures. Furthermore, critical infrastructures are tightly interconnected one to another, and their interdependencies are more evident during adverse events, such as faults, natural disasters or cyber attacks. Making smart decisions is a hard task for operators. This paper wants to suggest a complete procedure for helping critical infrastructure operators in managing assets during adverse events. CISIApro simulator is an agent-based simulator able to evaluate the risk associated with the consequences of adverse events. The agent ability to produce resources is summarized into the concept of operative level. The output of CISIApro, related to the power infrastructure, is used as input of the unit commitment algorithm as an example of decision making algorithm. In this paper, the unit commitment includes network topology security constraints and a risk-based objective function. This process is validated by means of a reference scenario made of four interconnected infrastructures, within a regional area. Results are presented in order to understand how unit commitment can suggest different solutions based on different risk assessment.


A 16-year-old girl with the clinical syndrome of periodic peritonitis since early infancy was found to have elevated serum levels of unconjugated etiocholanolone during an acute attack. Biopsy of her peritoneum at that time revealed peritonitis and an abundance of mast cells. The recently described entity of Etiocholanolone Fever was briefly reviewed.


It is well over half a century since a systematic approach has been launched to the study of history of medicine through the pioneering endeavors of distinguished scholars such as the late Dr Nadjmabadi and others. Fortunately, we have been witnessing the emergence of numerous studies which are based on scientifically conducted methodology, over the past decades. A rational and institutionalized approach, however, has been outstanding until the Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences decided to incorporate the articles on the Iranian History of Medicine in its newly published "Quarterly Journal of Traditional Medicine." This study investigates the ways deemed appropriate for future development of this field in the region as well as the challenges faced by students engaged in defining the problems to be tackled.


Water resources is not only an important material basis of socio-economic development,but also an replaceable natural resource. In this paper,by using principal component analysis,the carrying capacity of water resources in Jinan city in next 10 years is predicted based on index. According to the situation of water resources in Jinan city,some measures are put forward so as to provide the references for the sustainable social and economic development.


The data and energy load of each position in Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) is analyzed. A novel nonuniform node distribution strategy is proposed,whose core is uniformly deploying working sensors which can satisfy the demand of monitoring in all the place of the network and more relay sensors in the place closer to the sink. These relay sensors just transmit data but not generate data. The setting of the optimal transmission radius is analyzed. Experimental results show this strategy can not only debase energy depletion but make the network lifetime extended.


A method for obtaining estimates of the partial correlation matrices of a multivariate process using Cholesky decomposition is described. The estimates provide a minimum phase autoregressive model for the observed data and a positive definite autocorrelation function estimate.


Focused Helium Ion Beam (FHIB) can process nanostructures with high resolution, but the damage caused by FHIB cannot be ignored, therefore quantitative modeling and calculation are needed. The damage of He+ mainly includes the amorphization of crystal materials and the helium bubbles produced by helium accumulation in processing materials. In this paper, a helium bubble evolution model based on the reaction rate theory is proposed, which can simulate the evolution process of helium bubble in the substrate. Under a certain dose and energy input, the evolution of helium bubbles at different depths can be calculated, and the size characteristics and concentration of helium bubbles at different depths in the substrate after processing can be obtained. At the same time, two sets of experiments experiments were carried out by helium ion microscopy. In the first set of experiments, silicon substrate was injected with He+ with dose of 6.25×1018He+/cm2 and injection energy of 10kev, 15kev and 35kev. In the second set of experiments, silicon substrate was injected with He+ at energy of 35keVand dose of2.5×1018He+/cm2, 5×1018 He+/cm2, 6.25×1018 He+/cm2. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the simulation results.


FTIR and Raman microanalysis may be used as a powerful combination to determine the identity, and hence infer the source, of contaminant particles which diminish yields of semiconductor components and devices. The complimentarity of these techniques arises from the underlying spectroscopic selection rules. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques are commonly used to characterize the molecular structure of bulk organic materials. These bulk materials typically represent purified fractions of components which may be further investigated with various classical instrumental techniques such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy. However, these classical technique may have limited value for the interrogation of small impure particles or materials of limited quantity(ng.). Elemental techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy are enhanced by the specificity of FTIR Microprobe Spectroscopy and Raman Microprobe Spectroscopy which are now used in process laboratories to characterize and identify particulate and thin film residues with the intent of device yield enhancement.


In this study we combine seismological and petrological models with satellite gravity gradient data to obtain the thermal and compositional structure of the Antarctic lithosphere. Our results indicate that Antarctica is largely in isostatic equilibrium, although notable anomalies exist. A new Antarctic Moho depth map is derived that fits the satellite gravity gradient anomaly field and is in good agreement with independent seismic estimates. It exhibits detailed crustal thickness variations also in areas of East Antarctica that are poorly explored due to sparse seismic station coverage. The thickness of the lithosphere in our model is in general agreement with seismological estimates, confirming the marked contrast between West Antarctica (<100 km) and East Antarctica (up to 260 km). Finally, we assess the implications of the temperature distribution in our model for mantle viscosities and glacial isostatic adjustment. The upper mantle temperatures we model are lower than obtained from previous seismic velocity studies. This results in higher estimated viscosities underneath West Antarctica. When combined with present‐day uplift rates from GPS, a bulk dry upper mantle rheology appears permissible.


Even in our modern society people seem to be fascinated by miracles. Miracles are the subject matter of popular television shows. Quite a number of books, inspired by C.G. Jung, aim at assisting people in recognizing miracles and in integrating these in their personal lives. Furthermore the number of people, willing to accept miracles for real, is growing: in 1991 31% of the Dutch thought miracles a possibility, in 2002 43% showed this opinion. How is this possible in a society seemingly devoid of magic? This is possible because magic is not banished from all levels in society to the same degree. According to Weber modernization on the institutional level was more complete than on the level of personal thought. This is borne out by research on the acceptance of modern science. In the year 2000 for instance 35% of the Dutch declared that to much trust was put in science and not enough in intuition and faith.


In this paper, a CdSe quantum dots (QDs) sensitized TiO2 photoanode was synthesized by molten-saltassisted self-assembly (MASA) on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass (CdSe QDsTiO2/FTO), and an efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was constructed for the sensitive detection of rutin. CdSe can transfer photo-excited electrons to the conduction band of TiO2, thus enhancing the photoelectric activity of TiO2. The experimental results show that the PEC sensor has excellent selectivity, good stability, and a wide linear response range for rutin of 0.025–50.0 μM with a low detection limit of 0.007 μΜ. Moreover, the PEC sensor was successfully applied to the detection of rutin content in serum sample.


over, the PCA provides the primary point of reference for discussions of the remaining offices in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Canada and France, in chapters that range in length from as few as 8 pages (the Norwegian Ombudsman for Administration) to as many as 30 pages (the French Me'diateur). Although the title of Frank Stacey's book may be somewhat misleading, it is a logical extension of his earlier study, The British Ombudsman, published in 1971. In the present volume he uses other ombudsman offices essentially as a context in which to locate the experience of the PCA, and as a source of standards against which the mandate and performance of the PCA can be gauged. Some broader comparisons are made among the several offices he examines, but they are not developed within a systematic conceptual framework. Once it is understood that Stacey did not write quite the book that the title suggests, his study can be appreciated for what it is. The portraits of individual offices vary in breadth and depth, but never fail to convey a clear outline of their essential characteristics, illuminated by illustrative cases. The thematic threads running through the several chapters reveal a sure sense of what is important, even though in a given chapter one or more of them may be dropped. And from the perspective of comparative experience, the cumulative case for increasing the accessibility, powers, and jurisdiction of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration is overwhelming. As Stacey points out in a brief concluding chapter, only two of the countries he surveyed deny complainants direct access to their ombudsmen (France and the United Kingdom, where complaints must be transmitted through members of Parliament or local councillors), and only one limits the office to investigating complaints that individuals have suffered injustice "in consequence of maladministration"— again, the United Kingdom. These two restrictions have demonstrably resulted in a much lower volume of complaints, have apparently contributed to lower public awareness of the office (though the evidence in support of this point is impressionistic), and may have impeded the pursuit of grievances suffered by socially and educationally disadvantaged individuals. These significant limitations on the complainthandling function performed by the PCA are compounded by a "formidable list" of areas of government from which the office is excluded, of which the "least justifiable" involve personnel matters in the civil service and the armed forces. Finally, despite the thoroughness of their investigations, the fact that the PCA and Health Commissioner are the only national ombudsman offices staffed exclusively by civil servants on loan from their parent departments may raise some doubts regarding the fairness of their findings. There are four potential audiences for Ombudsmen Compared: (1) lay readers, whose understanding of the concept in action will be greatly enhanced, and who should be especially grateful for the author's lucid prose; (2) policy makers throughout the world who are considering the establishment of ombudsman offices; (3) policy makers in the United Kingdom who may be moved by its evidence to implement proposed changes in the accessibility, powers, and jurisdiction of the PCA and Health Commissioner, and (4) knowledgeable analysts of the impact of ombudsman offices. Only the last of these are likely to be disappointed, as they will find some data that are provided consistently, but in a form that often impedes and sometimes defies comparison, and other data that are provided in a variable or fragmentary fashion. The variability undoubtedly reflects Stacey's dependence upon published reports for statistical information, and the fragmentary treatment of such important variables as the quality of agency responses to the ombudsman's findings may be attributed to the difficulty of obtaining and appraising that information from any source. Also, some important considerations are introduced in the individual chapters and then neglected in the conclusion— for example, the impact of different personalities on the performance of an office that has experienced no formal change in its mandate.


Laboratory bioassays were carried out to study the insecticidal, antifeedant, developmental, and reproductive effects of three commercial neem oil-based formulations (Pure Neem Oil, Azatrol, and Triple Action Neem) on Spodoptera eridania when used at recommended concentrations. Neemderived insecticides significantly reduced the food intake of all instars tested, often limiting the feeding activity on neem-treated leaf areas to a fraction of that occurring on controls, in both choice and no-choice bioassay tests. Pure neem oil, followed by Azatrol, demonstrated up to 96% antifeedant activity against larvae; consequently, both biopesticides are effective antifeedants. A two-day feeding period on leaves treated independently with pure neem oil and Azatrol induced the prolongation of the second larval instars by 4.5 and 2.7 days, and by 2.4 and 1.3 days for fourth larval instars, respectively. Mortality and pupal ecdysis of S. eridania were also negatively impaired by neem-based biopesticides, with the greatest efficacy attributable for pure neem oil. When administered orally, commercial formulations induced significant reduction in longevity by 0.8-4.1 days, and fecundity of adults was significantly reduced compared to those fed on untreated diet.


Objective To study the effects of the experimental motionsickness on the performance of the mice,and the effect of Difenidol on them,and to study its probable mechanisms.Methods Kunming spices mice were taken to establish motinsickness model and the the effect of Difenidol on pica,learning and memory scores of motinsickness mice was observed.Wistar white rats were taken to establish motinsickness model and the the effect of Difenidol on general conditions,pica,blood sugar,glycogen,lactic acid,lactate dehydrogenase and other biochemical index at different areas on motinsickness rats' brain were observed.Results It indicated that motionsickness model had been successfully eatablished.Difenidol could enhance the motionsickness mice' learning scores,ameliorate the pica of motionsickness mice,decrease the nitrous oxide and malondialchehyche contents in mice' hippocampi,and improve the superoxide dismutase in mice' hippocampi.Conclusions Difenidol can decrease the contraction of brain vessel,improve the distribution of blood flow,and increase blood flow which could relieve partial loss of blood supply and hypoxia in hippocampus and decrease the quantity of free radicals.It might also adjust NO,MDA and SOD in brain cell,increase the excitability of brain cell,then keep the excitability of the central nervous system which might resist motion sickness.


Plastic waste is found in all types and forms (mixed plastic) mostly from packaging material for commercial product, thus resulting in its abundance in municipal solid waste. In the developed and developing countries high quantities of mixed plastic waste are generated but in the developed countries extensive recycling and reuse strategies have been implemented toward minimizing its quantity in waste flow and that which requires final disposal. In the developing countries where the concept of recycling is just coming up or waste collection from generation sources is a major problem, thus recycling is found only informally and carried out by scavengers. In Nigeria the greatest environmental issue is solid waste management and the most difficult fraction to handle is mixed plastic. Due to its high generation since it is the most common packing material used by manufacturer within the country. Polypropylene (PP/5) found in confectionery packets and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE/1) found in soft drinks bottles are the most commonly generated plastic in Nigeria, thus can be found in abundance littering the streets.Its high quantity generated and its non-degradable characteristic make it a serious environmental challenge inNigeria. This paper looks at mixed plastic waste inNigeria and its environmental hazard. With the aim of bring into view the issue of plastic waste management and its current nuisance and hazard on the streets of Nigeria.


BACKGROUND
Fermentable carbohydrates and microorganisms in the plaque play a significant role in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Oral clearance of sugars and salivary pH is affected by the presence of plaque.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to study the effect of the presence of plaque on the salivary clearance of sucrose and on salivary pH.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study design was of a randomized controlled parallel group clinical trial and included two groups: The control group and plaque group, as follows: Control group--subjects without plaque and plaque group--subjects with plaque. Salivary sucrose determination was done by using the anthrone technique. A digital pH meter estimated the salivary pH. The Student's t test and Mann-Whitney test was employed to compare the intergroup differences. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for analysis.

RESULTS
The salivary sucrose clearance time was increased by presence of plaque.

CONCLUSION
The presence of plaque led to increased salivary sucrose concentrations and increased the salivary sucrose clearance time.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The dental caries is the dynamic relationship among the dental plaque microbiota, dietary carbohydrates, saliva and cariogenic potential of the dental plaque. Caries occur preferentially in the dentition sites characterized by high exposure to carbohydrate and diminished salivary effect.


We apply a recent theoretical analysis of hadronic observables in inclusive semileptonic heavy hadron decays to the phenomenology of {ital B} and {ital D} mesons. Correlated bounds on the nonperturbative parameters {bar {Lambda}} and {lambda}{sub 1} are derived by considering data from {ital B} decays and, independently, data from {ital D} decays. The two sets of bounds are found to be consistent with each other. The data from {ital B} decays then are used to extract a lower limit on the CKM matrix element {parallel}{ital V}{sub {ital cb}}{parallel}. We address the issue of the convergence of the perturbative expansions used in the analysis, and compare our bounds on {bar {Lambda}} and {lambda}{sub 1} to lattice and QCD sum rule results. Finally, we argue that a comparison of the analyses of {ital D} and {ital D}{sub {ital s}} decays provides evidence for the applicability of parton-hadron duality in the semileptonic decay of charmed hadrons. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Nutritional problems in children with cerebral palsy (CP) may occur due to inadequate dietary intake. This study aimed to identify food consumption and nutritional adequacy in relation to the nutritional status. This study used a cross-sectional design which was conducted in Special Schools at Jakarta, Depok and Bogor.The subjects were selected by purposive sampling, i.e., CP children aged 5-18 years. The data collected included the subjects' characteristics through questionnaires, food consumption by 1x24-hour food record method, and nutritional status assessed from body mass index (BMI)-for-age. The results of this study showed that about 45% of CP children were 6-12 years old and there were more boys than girls. Approximately 65% of CP children had eating frequency of three times a day with a protein adequacy level of 81,1%. There were 64,4% of CP children with thin nutritional status. Zinc and vitamin C adequacy levels had significant associations with nutritional status.


The paper starts with theChinese lawsand regulationsin relation with cooperation in running schoolsas a guidance for tuition charging. It also analyzes the current situation of tuition charging throughout China aswell as the features of cooperative schools and problems involved in charging. The final goal of the paper is todefine tuition charging and its management.