For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. © 2007 Applied Biosystems. All rights reserved. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Applera, Applied Biosystems, AB (Design) and ABI PRISM are registered trademarks. SOLiD is a trademark of Applera Corporation or its subsidiaries in the U.S and/or certain other countries. 8/2007 Announcing the arrival of THE next-generation in sequencing platforms — Applied Biosystems SOLiDTM System


LOX is a lunar-orbiting astrophysics mission that will probe the cosmos at MeV energies. It is guided by open questions regarding thermonuclear, or Type-Ia, supernovae (SNeIa) and will characterize these inherently radioactive objects by enabling a systematic survey of SNeIa at gamma-ray energies for the first time. Astronomical investigations from lunar orbit afford new opportunities to advance our understanding of the cosmos. The foundation of LOX is an observational approach well suited to the all-sky monitoring demands of supernova investigations and time-domain astronomy. Its inherently wide field-of-view and continuous all-sky monitoring provides an innovative way of addressing decadal survey questions at MeV energies (0.1-10 MeV). The LOX approach achieves high sensitivity with a simple, high-heritage instrument design that eliminates the need for complex, position-sensitive detectors, kinematic event reconstruction, masks, or other insensitive detector mass, while also mitigating technology development, implementation complexity, and their associated costs. LOX can be realized within existing programs, like Explorer.


A Survey of Kong Se Nam Noi, a part of the Bolovens Plateau region in southern Laos. USAID had several projects ongoing in the region.


A surprising amount of 20th-century (and earlier) English-language poetry employs rhyme, but not the rhyme we normally think of, which marks the end of the line in metrical poetry, but a kind of half-intentional half-accidental rhyme that can appear anywhere within the text. This type of rhyming, which I term 'sporadic' and distinguish from 'systematic,' has illuminating potential as it relies on, but also departs from traditional rhyme functions. As such, it asks for a new theorization. In this essay I elaborate the core characteristics of sporadic rhyming, and then exemplify and qualify these through a series of readings.


Abstract : Non-linear axisymmetric bucking of a complete spherical elastic shell under uniform external pressure is treated numerically. Particular attention is given to the lower critical load, which is the theoretical least failure load. Among the new results are the evaluation of this load for thinner shells than those treated in the existing literature; in particular, the values 6.73% and 4.9% of the classical linear buckling loads are obtained for the radius-to-thickness ratios 100 and 200, respectively. The shapes of the buckled shells are computed for the first time in an unexpected hint that there is an asymptotic (ratios-to-thickness ration-independent) buckled shape. Numerical solution is by means of spectral (Galerkin) expansions of up to 60 modes in associated Legendre functions of order one applied to the quadratically non-linear version of E. Reissner's equations. (Author)


The Cochrane Neurological Network is an entity of the Cochrane Collaboration, an international not-for-profit organisation, founded in 1993, made up of more than 10 000 people around the world from over 80 countries, who work to promote evidence based approaches to medicine.

The Neurological Network is one of 80 Cochrane "entities". It aims to help Cochrane Collaboration Review Groups (CRGs) increase the quantity and quality of their output (of systematic reviews) relevant to neurology, neurosurgery and neurorehabilitation. It seeks to achieve this through several strategies: identifying high priority topics for new reviews; training in review methods; supporting the production of reviews; and liaising between the 27 disease specific CRGs that …


A novel integrated system based on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), a gas turbine (GT), the steam Rankine cycle (SRC), the Kalina cycle (KC), and the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is proposed to achieve cascade energy utilization. Mathematical models are introduced and system performance is analyzed using energy and exergy methods. The first and second laws of thermodynamics are used to analyze the system thermodynamically. In addition, exergy destruction and losses of the various integrated subsystems are calculated. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the multigeneration system are estimated to be 60.4% and 57.3%, respectively. In addition, the hot water produced during the waste heat recovery process may also be used for accommodating seafarers on ships. Sequential optimization is developed to optimize the operating conditions of the integrated system to achieve the required power output. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of varying the current densities of the fuel cell and working fluid of the ORC on the overall performance of the combined system and subsystems. The working performance of five working fluids for the ORC as candidates—R134a, R600, R601, R152a, and R124—is compared. R152a, which provides 71.23 kW of power output, and energy and exergy efficiencies of 22.49% and 42.76%, respectively, is selected as the best thermodynamic performance for the ORC.


This article introduced a multicast based multimedia teaching system by using WINDOWS SOCKET programining.The system can multicast image and audio data in user datagram on LAN.The programming and source codes also were given.


Fish and fishery products are recognized as a source of nutrition but these are highly perishable. The present study was envisaged to evaluate the extension of shelf life of fish mince under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions (30% CO 2 + 70% N 2 ) in comparison to aerobic packaging under refrigerated temperature (4±1C). The fish meat pH was significantly (P<0.05) lower in MAP than aerobic. The rate of increase in TBARS, peroxide value and free fatty acids content during storage was significantly (P<0.05) lower in MAP than aerobic packaging. The microbiological quality (standard plate count, coliforms, yeast and molds, psychrophiles) attributes of MAP product were considerably lower than the threshold value even on 12 day of storage. Results indicated that the fish mince can be successfully stored under MAP conditions at refrigeration temperature for 12 to 15 days.


Objective
To investigate skin manifestations and comorbidities of chronic arsenicosis due to conta-minated drinking water, and to explore their possible risk factors.

Methods
Data about demographic characteristics, skin manifestations and comorbidities were collected from 95 patients with chronic arsenicosis due to contaminated drinking water in Inner Mongolia, and retrospectively analyzed. A logistic regression model was established to analyze associations of skin manifestations and comorbidities with patients' gender, age, age at onset of drinking of arsenic-contaminated water, arsenic concentrations in water and duration of arsenic exposure.

Results
Among the 95 patients, 77 had hyperpigmentation, 75 hypopigmentation, 93 palmoplantar keratoderma, 27 skin cancer, and 8 multiple skin cancer. Five patients were complicated by tuberculosis, 15 by hypertension, 2 by rheumatoid arthritis, 4 by cerebral infarction, 7 by coronary heart diseases, 3 by internal malignancy, 6 by hepatic cirrhosis and 2 by anemia. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between hyperpigmentation and arsenic concentrations in water (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.10-0.98; ORadjusted = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.08-0.90) , between occurrence of hepatic cirrhosis and arsenic concentrations in water (OR = 24.67, 95% CI= 2.69-226.57; ORadjusted = 22.51, 95% CI= 2.38-213.11), and between occurrence of coronary heart diseases and duration of arsenic exposure (OR = 6.41, 95% CI= 1.09-37.88; ORadjusted = 8.55, 95% CI = 1.21-60.41).

Conclusions
There is a high incidence of aberrant pigment metabolism, palmoplantar keratoderma and skin cancer in patients with chronic arsenicosis due to contaminated drinking water. Different arsenic concentrations in water and duration of arsenic exposure seem to have different influences on the human body.

Key words:
Arsenic poisoning; Drinking; Skin neoplasms; Keratosis; Skin pigmentation


During the pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID 19), anecdotal reports have been emerging all over the world that cases of acute cardiovascular emergencies such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) have decreased to the extent of 30%–70% at various hospitals. The number of primary percutaneous interventions has significantly decreased all over the world including developed nations. We present case reports of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) who presented to our hospital after the period of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. These patients presented late to the hospital when we compare the ACS presentation before the lockdown period. Because of the late presentation, these patients developed heart failure and other complications leading to their death.


The measures preventing corrosion and scale should be strengthened along with high capacity power units put into operation.Through analyzing the causes of corrosion and scale,conclusions are obtained that corrosion and scale can be prevented through strengthening the monitoring of water and steam quality to keep their high purity and chemical cleaning periodically.


The words "I am losing my hair" are totally nonspecific and may refer to a single patch of alopecia areata, or to extensive hair breakage following improperly applied peroxide bleach. The first essential step: Isthehaircoming out with the roots attached, or is it breaking off (Table 1)? This simple differentiation is basic, because it separates two entirely different categories of hair problems (Table 2). If the hair is coming out "by the roots," then the patient is asked whether increased sheddingor increased thinning has been the main feature. For example, in postpartum hair loss markedly increased shedding occurs, usually with no objective evidence of hair thinning; on the other hand, in common baldness there is obvious thinning, without necessarily increased shedding. The other important features of the history include the age of onset, drug intake, history of menses, jaregnancies, menopause.


Based on many methods for soft soil treatment and their respective utility scope,the paper analyzes the characteristics of PTC pipe pile in soft soil treatment,indicates the application of PTC pipe pile and factual construction control methods,and concludes PTC has advantages in the quality,the speed and environmental protection by little strain check.


Over the years many scientific studies have been published in Medicine to evaluate, understand and predict the effects of introducing new medications. However, those studies draw conclusions from small samples, due to the difficulty and cost of retrieving large quantities of data through questionnaires. Thanks to the growing trend in prescription process automation, large amounts of medical data are now stored in databases that can later be explored to discover potentially useful information. Electronic Prescription data can be analyzed to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, optimize resources, and promote patient safety. This dissertation presents a methodology to discover association rules and frequent sequences in databases of electronic prescriptions using the Apriori and PrefixSpan algorithms. The methodology was used to characterise the Portuguese population prescribed with anticoagulants. This study enabled (a) an assessment of the adoption of novel oral anticoagulants, including the identification of predictive factors associated with discontinuation or changes of prescribed medication, (b) discovery of causal association rules between medications, and (c) characterization of frequent patterns associated with the consumption of anticoagulants. The main conclusion of this work is that data mining techniques can be applied to electronic prescription databases to extract knowledge which can latter support decision-making in public health.


High sensitivity is a temperament trait found in 15-20 percent of babies and young children, which is often misunderstood and mis-diagnosed, and is only recently becoming much better understood.


This paper is aimed at designing the effective shape of a microstrip patch antenna for X Band (8 to 12 GHz) and Ku Band (12 GHz to 18 GHz). Artificial Neural Network is used for optimizing microstrip antenna dimensions. The Network takes the different microstrip antenna parameters as inputs and delivers its dimensions in the X/Ku Band satellite communication. The error and validity analysis of neural network results are carried out in Matlab. Finally, HFSS simulation software results for prototype microstrip antenna, which has the best antenna parameters, is compared with real value.


1. Depolarization of the giant axon terminal of the squid causes local calcium influx which gives rise to transmitter release and post‐synaptic response, and which under certain experimental conditions leads to a regenerative action potential in the presynaptic terminal itself.


X-ray reference powder patterns and crystal structures have been determined for a series of titanium- and cobalt-containing layered alkaline-earth compounds with nominal formula (Ba x Sr1−x )Ti6Co6O19 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). Structural isomorphism of the title compounds with the hexagonal ferrite BaFe12O19 and magnetoplumbite (PbFe12O19), was confirmed. The (Ba x Sr1−x )Ti6Co6O19 series crystallize in the space group of P63 /mmc (No. 194) and Z = 2. The lattice parameters range from a = 5.90729(6) Å, c = 23.2378(3) Å, and V = 702.27(2) Å3 for x = 0.2 to a = 5.914 93(9), c = 23.3391(5) Å, and V = 707.15(2) Å3 with x = 0.8. The structure consists of alternating spinel S-block and R-blocks. The tetrahedral sites within the spinel S-blocks are occupied with only Co2+, while Ti4+ is mainly located in the octahedral sites of the spinel S-blocks and in the face-sharing octahedral site of the R-blocks. A bipyramidal mixed Co/Ti site was confirmed in the R-block of the structure. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of this series of compounds have been submitted to be included in the Powder Diffraction File.


Family dynamics: Patterns of interactions among relatives, their roles and relationships, and the various factors that shape their interactions. Because family members rely on each other for emotional, physical, and economic support, they are primary sources of relationship security or stress. Family dynamics and the quality of family relationships can have either a positive or negative impact on an individual's health.


The influence of the mechanical activation of the initial alumina and magnesium oxide powders on the formation of alumomagnesian spinel has been studied. It has been established that the mechanical activation of the starting powders accelerates the formation of alumomagnesian spinel, significantly reducing the temperature of the subsequent heat treatment.


In this paper, we study the attitude control problem for spacecraft with gas jet or momentum exchange actuators, using the recent nonlinear geometric control theory. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for controllability of the system in the case that the gas jet actuators yield one, two, or three independent torques. In the case of momentum exchange devices, controllability is studied with three independent actuators, and controllability is shown to be impossible with fewer devices. The former conditions with gas jet actuators are presented in three equivalent ways, and an equivalence is established with an earlier condition by Baillieul. The local controllability problem is also studied in the case of gas jet actuators yielding two independent torques. Using these results, an algorithm stabilizing the controllable system around an equilibrium state and trajectory is outlined, as proposed by Hermes. In the situations considered, however, the linearized systems are not controllable.


How adolescent black males make meaning of their social and schooling experiences affects the development of identities that can serve as risk-factors for acedemic engagement, achievement, and life outcome. Although research on racial and ethnic identity among youth of color has flourished during the last two decades, little of that research has directly examined the relationship between identity, achievement, and life trajectory. There has been no research examining these relationships specifically in Pittsburgh, a city with historically deep racial educational and economic disparities. In order to better understand how identity influences academic engagement, educational outcomes, social choices, and life trajectories in Pitsburgh specifically and the U.S. more broadly, in-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted from a sample of 10 black men who attended Pittsburgh Public Schools. This exploratory study used the retrospective recollections of these men to examine the social and schooling experiences of adolescent black males in this context. Three respondents were selected from this sample and their respective interview data were crafted into narrative profiles. Critical race theory (CRT) was the primary paradigmatic lens through which these experiences were examined and the interview data analyzed and reported on.
Findings showed four salient themes of respect, internalized racism, the power in words and names, and the CRT construct whiteness as property at work in their adolescent experiences.
Two meta-themes of multiple interpretations of black masculinity, achievement, and race, and differend cut across all of the narratives. In a researcher reflection on the power of voice, the counter-story telling construct of CRT is discussed, revealing the positive affect and healing capacity it holds for black males. This discussion is a defense for maintaining the differend and is situated within an argument for the utility of CRT as an appropriate methodological and analytical tool to examine and disrupt the pervasive academic struggles of black males. Implications for the schooling of black males; why it is important to listen to what black men have to say about their schooling; new possibilities for educational policy and practice; and new ontological possibilites and ethical responsibilities for adults in schools are discussed as well.


This research aims to investigate the role of implicit and/or explicit knowledge in the production of grammatical errors in academic texts. Explicit knowledge is defined as conscious and declarative knowledge used to monitor language production while implicit knowledge is defined as an intuitive knowledge which enables the second language learners to use the language spontaneously without any reflection (Zhang, 2015). The reasons why this research is conducted is due to the fact that the students are still producing errors even though they have learnt English since elementary school. The data is gained from the academic text written down by fifteen English department students studying in a university in Jakarta. It is analyzed by using two different measurements: (1) Delayed Grammatical Judgment Tests (GJT), and (2) Interview including Metalingual Comment to investigate the role of explicit knowledge in the production of grammatical errors. The other two measurements are also used; they are (1) Timed Grammaticality Judgment Test (TGJT), and (2) Oral Production Test (OPT) to investigate the role of implicit knowledge. The results show that 19.2% of grammatical errors are produced due to the implicit knowledge and 80.8% is due to explicit knowledge. Since the explicit knowledge plays an important role in producing the grammatical errors, it can be concluded that teaching English grammar for university students is still important. If possible, the English Grammar lessons should be given more rooms in the overall curriculum


In the last three decades, there has been a decline in the consumption of basic and traditional staples of the Brazilian diet, such as rice and beans. This study analyzes the frequency of consumption of rice and beans in 596 students between 6 and 10 years of age, from a private and a public school in Maringa/Pr, using a questionnaire on frequency of food intake and economical status of the families. The data were tabulated in Excel 2003 and statistical tests were analyzed in Statistic 6.0, considering significant differences of p>0.001. Of the total appraised students, 51.2% were females. The economical status between the two analyzed schools was quite disparate. The usual intake frequency of rice happens for most students; however, in the public school there was a greater concentration of intake of this food (75.8%). Beans were consumed much more by the students of the public school; however, 21.6% of students of both schools rarely or never consume beans. Basic staples of the Brazilian diet, such as rice and beans, and healthy food practices, and their intake should be encouraged.


We discuss checking policies, in which an inspector is requested to perform the check, for a ono-unit system. Applying the unique modifications of Markov renewal processes, we analyse the stochastic behaviour of each CR policy (checking request policy) and CRSL policy (checking request and surveillance limit policy), where it is assumed that the failure time for each unit and the inspector's arrival time havo arbitrary distributions. Introducing replacement eosts, the request for the inspector to perform the check, system failure and surveillance, we derive the optimal policies which maximize the cost effectiveness under suitablo conditions for each model. In particular, wo discuss the optimal policies as a non-linear programming problem with two variables.


This paper studies jointly optimal bailout policy and monetary policy in open economies. I document that countries with larger foreign currency liability/GDP ratio before financial crises underwent larger currency devaluation, inflation and bailout in crises. I build a quantitative open economy model with both nominal rigidities and financial frictions. Using the model, I show that in a world without bailout while currency mismatch effect is present, larger foreign currency liability before crises calls for smaller currency devaluation in crises, embracing the notion of "fear of floating". The incorporation of optimal government bailout, whose cost needs to be financed by inflation tax, can overturn the above negative relationship between foreign currency liability and currency devaluation, delivering results consistent with the empirical findings. Finally, I use firm level data to show that whether firms suffer from currency mismatch effect or not during crises hinges on their chance of obtaining bailout. ∗I am deeply indebted to my thesis advisors Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé, Shang-Jin Wei, Patrick Bolton, Martín Uribe and Jesse Schreger for their constant guidance, support and encouragement. I am grateful to Yan Bai, Andres Drenik, Zhen Huo for detailed and extremely helpful discussions and suggestions. I thank Sakai Ando, Luigi Bocola, Tuo Chen, Feng Dong, David Dorn, Jonathan Eaton, Xiang Fang, Simon Gilchrist, Juan Carlos Hatchondo, Harrison Hong, Yoon Joo Jo, Réka Juhász, Ryan Kim, Rishabh Kirpalani, Dirk Krueger, Jennifer La'O, Benjamin Moll, Frederic Mishkin, Seunghoon Na, Emi Nakamura, Serena Ng, Pablo Ottonello, B. Ravikumar, Bernard Salanié, Juan Sanchez, José Scheinkman, Jón Steinsson, Neng Wang, Pengfei Wang, Yicheng Wang, David Weinstein, Yi Wen, Mike Woodford, Peifan Wu, Pierre Yared, Jing Zhou and seminar participants in Columbia University and Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis for their invaluable comments. Part of this paper was written at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis while I was a dissertation intern. I am very grateful for their hospitality. All errors are mine. †Department of Economics, 420 W. 118th St., New York, NY 10027. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.


This article discusses the developed methodology for the adaptation of children with mental retardation in the context of inclusive education. The study involved 20 children with mental retardation, students in inclusive classes of secondary schools, as well as parents of these children. The experimental work carried out in three stages: at the first stage, a complex of organizational and pedagogical conditions developed for the adaptation of children with delayed psychical development by means of inclusive education in an educational institution. The second diagnostic and staging stage there was a theoretical and pedagogical justification; teaching and methodological, didactic and advisory materials created for parents and teachers. A stating experiment conducted; at the third stage, the organization of experimental work in general education schools on the implementation of a set of organizational and pedagogical conditions for the adaptation of children with delayed psychical development by means of inclusive education (formative experiment). According to the results of the formative experiment, it found out that inclusive education makes it possible to ensure the socialization of children in this cat-egory; each child can develop in his or her own way and receive affordable quality education tailored to their individual needs and their own opportunities in an inclusive education environment.


ht © 2019 American Colle Answered by John W. Dow Division of Clinical Toxic ment of Emergency Med Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia; Rebeck MD, Department of Emerg Yale New Haven Medica Haven, Connecticut; Kirk DO, Division of Clinic Department of Emergency ginia Commonwealth Uni System, Richmond, Virginia erfoord Rose, PharmD, Divi Toxicology, Department Medicine, Virginia Common sity Health System, Richmo


By analyzing problems with the current teaching force in Shanghai Colleges and Universities and particularly stressing the problem of being short of young elite talents, the writers suggest that we build a target oriented system to recruit and cultivate young elite talents. Some solutions and measures are also put forward in an effort to tackle the problems.


Under the 1961 constitution, Rhodesia floated in a constitutional netherworld somewhere between a dominion and a colony. As Rhodesia's primary institutional link to the mother country, it was in the struggles over the status of their High Commission, Rhodesia House, that larger constitutional issues would be contested in microcosm. After UDI, Britain's awkward and unpopular policies towards the illegal regime in Africa were reflected in its policies regarding the London building and its occupants. The regime viewed Rhodesia House as a vital link to the outside world and sought to use it as a base from which to break out of its international isolation. The British shut down Rhodesia House in 1969, but its symbolic importance did not go away and it remained an important protest venue for demonstrators of all stripes. This article explores the significance of Rhodesia House during the fifteen-year rebellion and analyses what the controversies that swirled around the building say about the British imperial constitutional structure, the illegal regime's foreign policy goals and Britain's policy towards Rhodesia during this long and bizarre rebellion.


onto. Gary Naglie has received research funding from the Ontario Ministry of Health, Long-Term Care AFP Innovation Fund, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Author Contributions: Rapoport, Herrmann, Molnar, Frank, Masellis, Tang-Wai, Pimlott, Naglie: study concept and design, interpretation of data, preparation of manuscript. Haider: preparation of manuscript. Zucchero Sarracini: acquisition of subjects, data analysis, preparation of manuscript. Kiss: expertise on data analysis, preparation of manuscript. Sponsor's Role: The ASC, which provided funding for operational support of this project, had no role in study design, methods, subject recruitment, data collection, data analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. Because the ASC funding model did not permit payment to physicianparticipants, funding was secured from Transport Canada (Road Safety Research and Outreach Program) for the sole purpose of paying an honorarium to study participants.


The free-radical copolymerization of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole with fluoro-containing alkyl methacrylates, such as 1,1,3-trihydrotetrafluoropropyl methacrylate, 1,1,5-trihydrooctafluoroamyl methacrylate, 1,1,7-trihydrododecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, and 1,1-dihydrotrifluoroethyl methacrylate, in DMF was studied. It was shown that fluoroalkyl methacrylates are more active in copolymerization than 1 -vinyl-1, 2, 4-triazole. The reactivity ratios were determined, and the Alfrey-Price reactivity parameters were evaluated.


Abstract Ternary carbides of titanium and aluminium were prepared via mechanical alloying and following heat treatment. Effects of the starting materials, milling time and heat treating temperature were investigated. In order to study the structural and morphological evolutions of the ball milled and annealed powders, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Results showed that the ball milling of TiO–Al–C as starting materials was unsuccessful for the synthesis of Ti3AlC2. On the other hand, ball milling of the elemental powders for shorter milling times led to the activation of powders and after longer milling times, Ti–TiC nanocomposite was obtained. Also, during the annealing of the 6 h milled sample, Ti3AlC2–Ti4Al2C2 nanocomposite was synthesised. At the end of milling, a very fine microstructure with narrow size distribution and spheroid particles was procured.


This paper presents a moral hazard model analyzing the agent's incentive to commit corporate crime. The principal can only observe profits which the agent can increase by committing crime or exerting effort. It is shown how different incentive contracts, i.e., thresholdlinear, capped bonus and linear contracts, can be adjusted in order to promote agent's law abiding behavior. Any adjustment implies a loss in internal efficiency which decreases in individual sanctions imposed on the agent.


Experimental data from Belle Collaboration for the transverse
polarization of \LambdaΛ's
measured in e^+ e^-e+e−
annihilation processes are used to extract the polarizing fragmentation
function (FF) within a TMD approach. We consider both associated and
inclusive \LambdaΛ
production, showing a quite consistent scenario. Good separation in
flavor is obtained, leading to four independent FFs. Predictions for
SIDIS processes at the EIC, crucial for understanding their universality
and evolution properties, are also presented.


of inflammation, and the presence of a foreign body may have incited the formation of vitreous bands to the implant. A perioperative vitreous hemorrhage was most likely the main contributor to band formation in patient 4. Because the explanted material was not sent for pathologic examination, we do not have information on the histological characteristics of the vitreous bands. In conclusion, Retisert implant placement may lead to the formation of vitreous bands. When vitreous bands cause visually significant traction, patients may benefit from vitreoretinal surgery. In addition, the surgical procedure for implant removal or exchange in patients with clinically visible vitreous bands should be modified to include a complete vitrectomy in order to avoid retinal traction at the time of implant removal.


Terms of service of the steels with retained austenite in the microstructure, is severely depended on the stability of austenite during the course of deformation. The present work aims to evaluate the mechanical stability of austenite in nanostructured, carbide free bainitic steels during tensile testing and cold rolling process. To achieve the microstructure with retained austenite, the steel with chemical composition of (in wt.%) 0.76C-1.95Si-1.4Mn-0.12Ni-0.24Mo-0.69Al isothermally transformed at temperatures of 200, 250 and 300°C for 6, 16 and 72 hours, respectively, after austenitizing at 950°C for 30 min. Austenite stability was evaluated by means of microhardness testing, x-ray diffraction pattern analysis and color metallography. Further study was carried out by comparing the incremental work hardening exponent obtained from the stress-strain curve. According to the results, austenite transforms into martensite in a progressive manner; blocky austenite at the early, but filmy austenite at the later stage of deformation. Samples transformed at the 300 °C have a good capability of retained austenite to martensite transformation. This is as a result of the higher mechanical stability of the austenite in this microstructure.


The effects of transforming growth factor flu or (TGF-/11 or -p2) on the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of normal and malignant human hematopoietic cells were studied. Both forms of TGF-fl suppressed both the normal cellular proliferation and colony formation induced by recombinant human interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In the presence of GM-CSF or IL-3, optimal concentrations of TGF-$ (400 pmol/L) inhibited colony formation by erythroid (BFU-E). multipotential (CFU-GEMM), and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells by 90% to I 00%, whereas granulocyte or monocyte cluster formation was not inhibited. In contrast. neither form of TGFhad any effect on G-CSF-induced hematopoiesis. The suppressive action appeared to be mediated directly by TGF-/9 since antiproliferative responses were also observed in


vi Chapter One: Introduction 1 Puerto Rico as an Ideal Site 3 This Study 4 Chapter Two: Literature Review 6 Culture 6 Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions 7 Excellence Theory 9 Cultural & Environmental Influences 14 Postmodern Thoughts 22 Research Questions 25 Chapter Three: Methods 27 Method, Site & Participants 27 Interviews, Culture Bag & Story Boards 29 Quasi-Ethnographic Records 32 Chapter Four: Results 33 Interview Data 33 Interview Themes 35


The students' ability to control the pace of their learning and the collaborative nature of in-class active learning led to empowerment and an increase in confidence about their learning. Some students' felt that they lacked sufficient discipline to succeed in self-directed learning. However, reassuring students that their out-of-class learning was beneficial was found to be a potential enabler to their confidence. Student engagement was also positively affected by the ability to control the pace of their learning, their increased flexibility in study timing and location, and active learning during the scheduled classes. Some students noted that their self-directed learning skills combined with workload issues presented unique challenges due to the flipped approach and negatively impacted their engagement.


We study the continuous as well as discontinuous viscosity solutions of a certain Hamilton-Jacobi equation, u t + H(u,Du) = 0 in R n x R + with u(x, 0) = u 0 (x). We obtain explicit formulas for continuous as well as for the sub- and supersolutions. In the latter case, furthermore, if H(u, p) > 0 for |p| ≠ 0 then the supersolution becomes a solution.


Professional Social Workers (Social Workers) in Indonesia is not widely demonstrated its role yet. Besides not widely recognized as a professional profession who has specific standards, the institutional existence of Social Workers also have not much seen. Social Workers in Indonesia have not received assurance of legal protection in practice. This study uses literature study to examine further clarity on the legal protection of Social Workers professional practice. It is very important to ensure the professionalism, effectiveness, and accountability  of social services provided.


ABSTRACT Purpose: To verify the number of preschool children with anterior open bite and the association with oral habits. Methods: The universe of the study was formed by 275 preschool children, both male and female, with ages between four and six years, and com-plete deciduous dentition. This study was developed in two stages: a screening to select the children who presented anterior open bite, and the application of a questionnaire with the parents/caregivers of the 59 children with anterior open bite regarding maternal breastfeeding and oral habits. Data were statistically using the Two-proportion Equality test and the Chi-square test. Results: The proportion of children with anterior open bite was of 21.45% (N=59), with no variation according to gender. It was verified that 93.20% (N=55) of the subjects were breastfed, and 54.5% (N=30) of them was breastfed for six months or more. Most children with open bite, 98.30% (N=58), presented suction habits (baby bottle, pacifier, fingers). A higher occurrence was found among the chil-dren that remained with their mouths opened during the night and also used baby bottles (90.9%). Amongst the oral habits, the most prevalent association was between the bottle and the pacifier, with 49.2%.


Objectives: Median sternotomy is still the main access for cardiac surgery. Despite the "gold" standard of closing the sternum using single steel wires, there are tremendous different sternum closure systems available ("clips", "screws and plates", etc.). We present our experience with the ZipFix sternal closure system (Synthes) for primary sternal closure and a video how to use it. The ZipFix system is a biocompatible zip tie (polyetheretherketon) with a large area of contact between the zip and the sternum with an increase of carrying capacity and sternal stability. The technique for sternal closure is almost similar to using single steel wires. Methods: Between May 2011 and September 2011 twenty consecutive patients were operated on CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting) and CABG combined with AVR (aortic valve replacement) using the ZipFix sternal closure system (Synthes). Results: All primary sternal closures were successful using the ZipFix sternal closure system (Synthes) (figure 1). Eleven patients received only the ZipFix sternal closure system while in nine patients additional steel wires were used for the manubrium sterni. The mean age was 78.0 years for eight female patients with a mean BMI of 28.5 and 70.5 years for twelve male patients with a mean BMI of 28.7, respectively. Only one patient received a superficial site wound infection postoperatively. The sternal closure time was slightly extended by approximately 5 minutes compared to standard technique. The costs for this new sternal closure device are twofold compared to steel wires. Conclusions: The ZipFix system (Synthes) is a new, safe and easy to use sternal closure system with a large area of contact between the zip and the sternum to increase sternal stability. A combination of steel wires and the ZipFix system is possible for sternal closure. In future, we will use the ZipFix system for primary sternal closure in high risk patients for postoperative sternal wound complications.


The article analyzes the scientific material of Ivan Erofeiv's researches on the tradition of Ukrainian Dumas, characterizes the methodology, peculiarities of work with the source base, with variant material, classification by main motifs, etc. The focus is on the second most important folkloristic research of the scientist "Crimea in the Little Russian folk poetry of the XVI-XVII centuries, mainly in Dumas", dedicated to the memory of Professor Volodymyr Antonovych. The research activity of the folklorist is analyzed in the context of the scientific research of the Kiev scientific school at the beginning of the 20th century. In the first decade of the 20th century, Ukrainian folkloristics suffered significant losses - such brilliant scholars of the Kyiv school as M. Dashkevich, V. Antonovych, P. Zhitetskyi passed away. As a result of the socio-historical cataclysms of the beginning of the century, some scientists tragically died, and others emigrated. However, scientific research in the field of folkloristics is continued by talented students of the Kyiv School, among whom the figure of researcher Ivan Yerofeiv, who distinguished himself, in particular, as a researcher of such an original and rather complex genre of Ukrainian folk poetry as Dumas, occupies a prominent place. The basis for the scientific research "Crimea in the Little Russian folk poetry of the XVI-XVII centuries, mainly in Dumas" was the previous work of the researcher "Ukrainian Dumas and their versions". In the new work, a range of problems related to the reflection in the oral poetic tradition of one of the most tragic and heroic periods in the history of Ukraine is the era of the national liberation struggle of the people, its struggle for statehood against numerous external enemies was raised. The question of the relationship between Ukrainians and their formidable Muslim neighbor will be interpreted here through the prism of folk poetic perception and with the involvement of a wide array of historiographical material. The essay highlights mainly the most characteristic motifs of Ukrainian dumas and historical songs, which reflected the relationship between two hostile forces which are the Cossacks and the Muslim world. However, this work cannot be considered superficial, since a large amount of sporadically conceived folklore material was involved in the analysis namely numerous versions of works, domestic and Polish historiographical sources. I. Erofeiv builds his research exclusively on the analysis of dumas and historical songs of more ancient origin, where generalizing pictures of that time reality are reproduced in typical images, without connection with specific persons or events. Simultaneously, a group of songs depicting the victories of the Cossack army over the Turks and Tatars during the national liberation war under the leadership of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi falls out of sight. The study of the songs of this group would provide interesting material for elucidating folklore concepts regarding the attitude of the Ukrainian people to Khmelnytskyi's foreign policy aimed at alliance with Muslim states.


When my very good friend,Mr.John E.Potter, asked me to talk to the Historical Society concerning the rivers,Iwas at a loss for an answer, because so much has been said and written on the subject that Idid not thinkIcould add much, ifanything, to the subject. Of course, Pittsburgh can always point with pride and talk about the enormous tonnage of the port of Pittsburgh which itis claimed, exceeds any other port in the world. ButIwas asked to say something about my personal experience on the rivers, which Iam happy to do and trust my effort willnot bore you. My first recollection of the Monongahela Wharf was a landing crowded with boats from the Smithfield Street Bridge down to Ferry Street, so crowded together, in fact that it was almost impossible for an incoming boat to get into landing to unload her cargo. Iremember the Steamer "Bayard" coming from Parkersburg trying to nose in between twoboats. Her Captain after trying for sometime, decided to run a line from his boat to a ring bolt fastened in the wharf. (Ring bolts are placed at proper distance the length of the wharf. They were used to tie the boats securely to the landing.) Too heavy a strain on the line however, pulled the ring bolt out. The Captain ordered his men to take the line to another ring bolt. Italso came out. Captain Forsythe, an Irishman of wit and wharfmaster, called up to Captain Moore on the roof of the "Bayard" saying, "Isay Captain,Isay Captain, there are a few more ring bolts at the lower end of the wharf." In those days freight and passenger boats were arriving and departing daily for all points on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and their tributaries. There also was a fine line of freight and passenger boats operating on the Monongahela River. The up-stream boats brought from the South large consignments of sugar, molasses and cotton. New Orleans' molasses was very largely used by families as a spread on bread in those days. Irecall distinctly when school was out in the afternoon Iwould rush home and get a large slice of bread and saturate it with molasses. Iimagined then that nothing could be better. The sugar and molasses was con-


The new situation of coal industry was taken as the background,through the analysis of quality standardization construction in present situation,corresponding measures and methods to standardize quality and promote mine development were put forward.The result showed that quality standardization construction improvement is the basis of production safety and security.under the current coal industry downturn situation.


As nurses, we sometimes discount the importance of what we do because it is so routine for us. We don't think about how we improve the quality of life for so many of our patients. I found out first-hand how important our nursing skills are and how little things we feel that are routine can make a significant difference in the lives of our patients and families.


[1] Beginning during the last half of the main phase and extending for over 12 hours, the 18 April 2002 magnetic storm is dominated by sawtooth oscillations. We examine the ground magnetic signatures of these events at both high latitudes and low latitudes. The first immediate observation is that the magnetic signatures from one sawtooth to another can show considerable variation. Thus the current systems associated with these events show considerable variation in location, pattern, and strength from one oscillation to the next. The characteristics of the magnetic disturbance for each sawtooth has little to distinguish it from the typical substorm expansion magnetic disturbance field except that some of the sawteeth disturbance profiles are broader in local time than observed during typical substorms. The injection region determined from the energetic particle flux measurements at geostationary orbit is generally broad, extending across the entire tail and past the terminators into the dayside. The injection region is usually wider than the magnetic disturbance profile at the peak of the dipolarization. There appears to be no relationship between the magnetic disturbance profile and the location and strength of the injection boundary. Finally, sawtooth events appear to be driven by a steady solar wind driver and to develop during a period of already enhanced ring current.


Most approaches to the synthesis of built-in self-test (BIST) circuitry use a manual choose-and-evaluate approach, where a particular BIST generator is chosen and then evaluated by fault-simulating the design with the vectors that the chosen generator generates. We develop an algorithmic synthesis-during-test approach in this paper, wherein the tasks of synthesizing the BIST logic and directed test pattern generation (DTPG) are intertwined to maximize the resulting fault coverage. Our approach is applicable to a variety of BIST strategies including those that use linear- and nonlinear-feedback shift registers. We show how our method can be used to synthesize LFSR polynomials, LFSR seeds, LFSR weights, nonlinear feedback, or bit-fixing logic. Experimental data is presented.


Top-pinned and bottom-pinned magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are manufactured using a 6-gun magnetron sputter and annealing process in an applied field of 3000 Oe by pure N protecting. The top-pinned MTJ has the architecture of glass/Ta35/spl Aring//NiFe200/spl Aring//CoFe10/spl Aring//Al(10/spl sim/20/spl Aring/)+oxidation/CoFe 30/spl Aring//MnIr150/spl Aring//Ta40/spl Aring/. While the bottom-pinned junction structure is glass/Ta35/spl Aring//NiFe20/spl Aring//MnIr70/spl Aring//CoFe30/spl Aring//Al(10/spl sim/20/spl Aring/)+oxidation/CoFeSO/spl Aring// NiFe45/spl Aring//Ta120/spl Aring/. For the top-pinned architecture, MTJ has a very small magnetoresistive (MR) ratio (2.35%) and the exchange field is approximately 0 Oe. The bottom-pinned MTJ however, has a large MR ratio (26%) and its exchange field is higher than 400 Oe, which makes it promising for applications in magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and some magnetic sensors.


Recent financial crisis has brought to attention the issues of interactions between financial markets and real economy. This paper presents an analysis of the possible explicit effects of various measures of financial markets' risk on real economy based on impulse - response functions within structural vector autoregressive models. As discussed in the paper the riskiness of financial markets is closely related to the more traditional mechanisms based on financial accelerator approach, however, although the issue of financial risk is closely tied with the financial accelerator model, broader effects outside this model may be considered as well. The analysis is carried out for the Czech Republic. The estimates of the responses in the impulse-response analyses typically correspond with the hypothesized effects of the financial risk factors on the real variables; also the interrelations between some of the financial risk factors are obvious. We conclude that increased financial risk seems to be an amplifying element rather than the key driver in the interactions between financial and real economy.


We propose a novel technique to probe the beyond standard model (BSM) of particle physics. The mass spectrum of unknown BSM particles can be scanned by observing gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by Hawking radiation of black holes. This is because information on the radiation of the BSM particles is imprinted in the spectrum of the GWs. We fully calculate the GW spectrum from evaporating black holes taking into account the greybody factor. As an observationally interesting application, we consider primordial black holes which evaporate in the very early universe. In that case, since the frequencies of GWs are substantially redshifted, the GWs emitted with the BSM energy scales become accessible by observations.


In this paper, geometrically non-linear finite element analyses were performed to study the mechanical behavior of the material system of the envelope of stratospheric airships. The microstructure of the load-bearing plain weave layer was identified and modeled. The Updated Lagrangian formulation was employed to consider the geometric non-linearity as well as the induced structural non-linearity for the fiber tows. The stress-strain behavior was predicted and the effective elastic modulus was calculated by numerical experiments. It was found the non-linear stress-strain curves were largely different from those by linear analysis. And non-linear elastic moduli were much higher than linear elastic moduli. The difference was more distinguishable when the tow waviness ratio was smaller.


We quantified the effect of doxorubicin on the motility of mammary epithelial cells in 3D cultures by Optical Coherence Tomography. The measured cellular motility decreased in a time-dependent fashion after exposure to doxorubicin.


The high importance of Demand-Side-Management for the stability of future smart grids is consensus among a wide spectrum of energy market participants and within the research community. While it is accepted that Demand-Side-Management will yield positive contributions, it remains challenging to identify, access, and communicate available flexibilities to the flexibility managers in order to determine impacts and choose temporarily required demand-side flexibility to ensure system stability. In this paper we introduce a methodology to determine and communicate local flexibility potential of end-users to flexibility managers for short-term access. The presented approach achieves a reliable calculation of flexibility, a standardized low bandwidth data aggregation, and communication. With the integration into an existing system architecture the general applicability is outlined with a one end-user use case. The approach yields a transparent short-term flexibility potential within the flexibility manager system.


Abstract The Neotropical species of Asthenopodinae are revised in a formal phylogenetic context. The five known species of Asthenopus Eaton, 1871, together with other five new species were included in a cladistic analysis using morphological characters (continuous and discretes). Representatives of the Afro-Oriental group of the subfamily (Povilla Navás, 1912 and Languidipes Hubbard, 1984) were also included to test the monophyletic hypothesis traditionally accepted for the group. Additional taxa representing the other subfamilies of Polymitarcyidae were incorparated: Ephoron Williamson, 1802 (Polymitarcyinae) and Campsurus Eaton, 1868, Tortopus Needham & Murphy, 1924 and Tortopsis Molineri, 2010 (Campsurinae). A matrix of 17 taxa and 72 characters was analyzed under parsimony resulting in a single tree supporting the monophyly of the subfamily Asthenopodinae. Other results include the monophyly of the Afro-Oriental taxa (Povilla and Languidipes), the paraphyletic nature of Neotropical Asthenopodinae, and the recognition of four South American genera: Asthenopus (including Asthenopus curtus (Hagen), 1861, Asthenopus angelae de Souza & Molineri, 2012, Asthenopus magnus sp. n., Asthenopus hubbardi sp. n., Asthenopus guarani sp. n.), Asthenopodes Ulmer, 1924, stat. n. (including Asthenopus picteti Hubbard, 1975, stat. n., Asthenopodes traverae sp. n., Asthenopodes chumuco sp. n.), Priasthenopus gen. n. (including Priasthenopus gilliesi (Domínguez), 1988, comb. n.), and Hubbardipes gen. n. (including Hubbardipes crenulatus (Molineri et al.), 2011, comb. n.). Descriptions, diagnoses, illustrations and keys are presented for all Neotropical taxa of Asthenopodinae (adults of both sexes, eggs and nymphs). Additionally a key to the subfamilies and genera of Polymitarcyidae is included. A quantitative biogeographic analysis of vicariance is presented and discussed through the study of the "taxon history" of the group.


This research looked at the concentration levels of some heavy metals in tissues and organs of imported frozen European hake Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758). This to ascertain the safety of the fish for consumption and whether long time freezing could bio concentrate heavy metals in the fish. Fish were procured from the market, muscles, gills and liver removed, digested for analysis of Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cd, and Pb using AAS. Fe was the most accumulated metal with 4.393±0.19 mg/kg, Cadmium (Cd) was the least with 0.004±0.00 mg/kg (Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd>Mn). Muscle accumulated the most metals. Concentrations of the metals were below maximum limit recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), which shows the fish is safe for consumption. It also showed that long time freezing does not bio concentrate heavy metals in the fish about a month of freezing. It is recommended that regulatory authorities should always conduct an assessment of the heavy metals in imported frozen marine fishes before it is cleared for human consumption. This will guide against any adverse health risk associated with consumption of fish with high levels of heavy metals.


Light source control means comprising: a parallel light emitted from an arbitrary position along the first axis direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the second light source unit; source control unit of the parallel rays emitted from a position of controlling the light source unit; from the one or more elements of the deflection of said parallel rays emitted from the light source unit is deflected; deflected by the light deflection element diffused to the third axial direction perpendicular to the first axis direction and the axial direction of the second a diffusing element, wherein said deflecting element is arranged inclined with respect to the first axis direction, both the first element in a direction perpendicular to its optical axis direction to the optical axis and the direction and the first direction element perpendicular to the first direction element has a different deflection action.


Overlay architectures are a good way to enable fast development and debug on FPGAs at the expense of potentially limited performance when compared to fully customized FPGA designs. When used in concert with a hand-tuned FPGA solution, a performant overlay architecture can improve the time-to-solution and thus overall productivity of FPGA solutions. In this work, we tune and specialize FGPU, an open source OpenCL-programmable GPU overlay for FPGAs. We demonstrate that our PDL-FGPU architecture is able to maintain the ease-of-programming and generality of a software programmable soft GPU while achieving high performance due to specialization in the persistent deep learning domain. We also propose a easy method to specialize for different domains. PDL-FGPU includes new instructions, along with micro-architecture and compiler enhancements. We evaluate both the FGPU baseline and the proposed PDL-FGPU on a modern high-end Intel Stratix 10 2800 FPGA running a set of persistent DL applications (RNN, GRU, LSTM), as well as general non-DL applications to demonstrate generality. PDL-FGPU requires 1.5-3x more ALMs, 4.4-6.4x more M20ks, and 4.6-10x more DSPs than the FGPU baseline, but improves performance by 55-727x for persistent DL applications with an average 15% degradation on general non-PDL applications. We also demonstrate that the PDL-FGPU is only 4-7x slower than the Nvidia Volta V100 GPU.


In order to scan and define the characteristics for DUS testing of okra new varieties, this studyinspected and collected the related data of morphological characteristics of 180 okra materials' leaf, andcompared the differences among the materials. The results showed that in the observation of the 15 characteristics, 4 qualitative characteristics, 5 pseudo- qualitative characteristics, and 4 quantitativecharacteristics were obviously different among all the varieties. Therefore, 13 characteristics could beconsidered as the basic characteristics of DUS testing guidelines of okra.


Abstract 2 controlled studies were conducted into the use of hypnosis in asthma patients. Several different control procedures were used. The methods and results of both studies were summarized, and the same conclusion was reached: that hypnosis supplemented by autohypnosis was significantly more effective than control procedures. An outline is given of details of treatment methods. A current xnalysis of patients treated at 1 center, involving up to 6 years of follow-up, is presented to provide a working guide to the regime in regular practice. To be fuUy effective hypnosis should be employed before steroids are started. Steroid-dependent asthma is rarely totally relieved by hypnotherapy.


The electric capacity of the condenser whose inside is filled with fullerene C60 is measured using two-phase lock-in amplifier. It is found that both the real part and imaginary part of the permitivity of the fullerene shows 1/f fluctuation in the low frequency area.


We consider 10 tests which distinguish the source of energetic particles in upstream ion events. Some tests are definitive, and others inadequate. In particular, we note that the Fermi model requires a finite time of magnetic field line connection to the bow shock before energetic ions appear and inverse velocity dispersion when the interplanetary magnetic field rotates to a more radial direction but that these features are also expected for the leakage model under certain conditions. We present simultaneous magnetospheric, magnetosheath, and upstream energetic particle observations during two well-documented upstream events on November 1, 1984, and apply the 10 tests. The events are unusual in that they occurred during a period when the magnetosphere was greatly compressed, providing for an increase in the energetic magnetospheric particle population and a decrease in the magnetosheath thickness. Magnetospheric leakage satisfactorily explains our observations on this day, but in situ Fermi acceleration does not. Consequently, we consider magnetospheric leakage a sufficient source for upstream particles during these two events.


This thesis introduces the development process of the interaction system for teachers and students. The platform provides a more efficient and real-time interaction net environment. Comparing with the traditional system, it can save much time and resources, and make communication more convenient through the net interaction system. The interaction system makes the real-time communication between teachers and students and among students more convenient. Among these merits, it can also make students easily acquire studying approach from teachers or students.


We have investigated the growth of a-Si1−xCx:H using the electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD) technique, under the conditions of high microwave power and strong hydrogen (H2) dilution. The microwave power used is 900 W and a gas mixture of CH4 and SiH4 diluted in H2 is varied to give carbon (C) fractions x ranging from 0 to 1. We aim to understand the effects of these deposition conditions on the characteristics of ECR-CVD grown a-Si1−xCx:H films at different x. Their microstructure and optical properties are investigated using infrared absorption, Raman scattering, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and photothermal deflection spectroscopy. Information on the atomic fraction x is obtained with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The B parameter in the Tauc relation is found to decrease and the Urbach energy Eu increase with x, which are indicative of a higher degree of disorder with C incorporation. At intermediate x, the presence of Si–C bonds can be clearly seen from the IR a...


Monascus pigments are a traditional natural food colorant in China and Japan (Hosono et al., 1977; Su and Huang, 1980). They are a mixture of yellow (monascin, ankaflavin), orange-red (rubropunctatin, monascorubrin) and red-purple (rubropunctamine, monascorubramine) compounds which can be produced by submerged and solid state fermentation using free and immobilized cultures (Su and Huang, 1980; Lin and Hzuka, 1982; Evans and Wang, 1984; Mak et al., 1990; Johns and Stuart, 1991; Chiu and Chan, 1992). We have previously found that addition of corn oil to the cultivation medium doubled


1. Introduction 2. Locke's Context 3. The Morality of the Essay 4. Locke's Theory of Ideas 5. Locke's Theory of Matter 6. Locke's Theory of Language 7. Liberty and Free Will 8. Conclusion.


Debris flow caused by intense rainfall can damage facilities and endanger human life. Accordingly, several models have been developed to predict and mitigate the debris flow damage, for which check-dam construction is essential. There are two types of check dams: open type and closed type. The former is suitable for granular debris flow containing little water, whereas the latter is suitable for water-laden debris flows. However, it is challenging to site the check dam to realize optimal mitigation effects. Therefore, we determined the best check dam location to reduce debris flow damage considering the two types. In this study, we simulated the Raemian apartment basin for the Mt. Umyeon landslides, which occurred in 2011. Constructing the open- and closed type dam at the upper side of the catchment produced the best performance.


The intrinsic reaction kinetics of XNC98 catalyst for methanol synthesis developed by southwest research institute of chemical industry in Sichuan province has been studied in an isothermal integral reactor. The fine grain catalyst of 60~80 meshes have been used. The pressure ranges from 4 MPa to 5 MPa, the temperature is 210~260°C and the space velocity is 8 000~12 000 h-1. The LangmuirHinshelwood type intrinsic kinetic model is used. The improved GaussNewton method is used to confirm the parameters of the kinetic model. The statistic test and residual error distribution show that LH type intrinsic kinetic model can suit for the reaction condition and can be used to design the threephase methanol synthesis reactor.


The content of the amino acids in the key species-freshwater shrimp was determinated by chemical derivatization method and GC-MS technique.The results showed the total amino acid content in freshwater shrimp was 24.92%,which contained many kinds of essential amino acids(EAA),and the various amino acid levels was proportionate.Various amino acids relative content and composition of freshwater shrimp were analyzed,which could provide reliable data for further study on the stability energy flow of the Dongping lake ecosystem.The method could be used for conventional analysis,which was rapid,simple,accurate and sensitive.


Since 1984, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in cooperation with the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has conducted a research project to develop and evaluate technology for passive-integrated-transponder tags (PIT tags) throughout the Columbia River Basin (CRB). Work conducted as part of this project between October 2000 and September 2002 (FY01 and FY02) was divided into seven individual elements, which are covered separately in this report. The efforts by personnel associated with this project have produced and will continue to produce products that aid resource stakeholders in assessing the effectiveness of actions taken to enhance the survival of juvenile and adult salmonids. These products and their uses include: (1) Survival and migration timing information on stocks to evaluate water management strategies and fish passage/collection facilities; (2) Data needed for the management and restoration of salmonids and other fish stocks listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA); (3) Information required for the management of multiple species in a variety of habitats; and (4) Tools that enable fisheries researchers and managers to address previously unanswerable questions and critical uncertainties These products are also used in genetic, physiology, behavior, and captive broodstock research on endangered species. The continued development of PIT-tag technology willmore » enable researchers and fisheries managers to address issues expressed in both of NMFS biological opinions for operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS)(NMFS 1995a, 2000) and the proposed Snake River Recovery Plan (NMFS 1995b; tasks 2.1.d, 2.3.b.4, 2.4.a, 2.6.c.2, and 2.9.d).« less


The average pathlength of light inside dental enamel and incipient lesions is measured and compared, in order to quantitatively confirm the prediction that incipient lesions have higher scattering coefficients that sound enamel. The technique used, called optical pathlength spectroscopy provides experimental access to the pathlength distribution of light inside highly scattering samples. This is desirable for complex biological materials, where current theoretical models are very difficult to apply. To minimize the effects of surface reflections the average pathlength is measured in wet sound enamel and white spots. We obtain values of 367 micrometers and 272 micrometers average pathlength for sound enamel and white spots respectively. We also investigate the differences between open and subsurface lesions, by measuring the change in the pathlength distribution of light as they go from dry to wet.


This paper proposed a new system framework to distribute interactive multimedia system on location-based service. Especially, the paper presented a new solution to the threedimensional indoor positioning technology based on location fingerprint method. In addition, a new three-dimensional positioning algorithm of NNSS-AP-AVG together with the clustering analysis is proposed to improve the accuracy of the positioning algorithm. By using the NNSSAP-AVG algorithm, the paper set up a personalized, distributed and interactive multimedia system, which merging the technology of location -based service together. The results of the designed method demonstrated that the new algorithm based on the location fingerprint is significant, which improves the positioning accuracy and optimizes the positioning performance. Finally, the paper evaluated the designed distribute interactive multimedia system and the results demonstrated that the system can give a better performance based on designed location-based service.


In September 1994, Professor Ronald Dworkin presented a new paper at the NYU Colloquium in Legal, Political, and Social Philosophy. Earlier that year, the second edition of Professor H.L.A. Hart's The Concept of Law had appeared, which now included as a postscript an edited version of an unfinished manuscript that Hart had left at his death. (1) Hart's Postscript (as it came to be known) was Hart's response to Dworkin's work. In part, the Postscript addressed Dworkin's arguments from the late 1960s and early 1970s that had directly discussed Hart's claims in the book. (2) But it also addressed Dworkin's own theory of law, developed in the 1970s and early 1980s and, most fully and systematically, in Law's Empire, which appeared in 1986. (3) The paper that Dworkin presented at the Colloquium, entitled Hart's Posthumous Reply, (4) was a rebuttal of Hart's claims in the Postscript. This was an exciting development: Dworkin's manuscript circulated rapidly and widely, in spite of the fact that, back then, dissemination of manuscripts relied on photocopier and postal service, or even fax. I. DWORKIN AND HIS CRITICS To understand why this was exciting requires some background. The publication in 1967 of Dworkin's The Model of Rules had set off a fierce debate between Dworkin and a large number of critics. Dworkin's target in that paper was legal positivism, which he defined as a family of theories that purport to explain obligation in law by appeal to the existence of a set of special standards that meet a social test of pedigree: for example, that they have been endorsed by some institution. (5) Dworkin contended that such theories cannot adequately account for the role that certain unenacted moral principles play in grounding legal rights and obligations. (6) This failure, he argued, led the theories to conflate the use of moral judgment in judicial reasoning (a core judicial duty, given the role of principles) with judicial creation of new legal rights and duties to which litigants are retroactively held (which would be a gross violation of that duty). (7) In part, Dworkin framed the discussion as an attack on Hart's theory, which he considered the strongest version of positivism then available. (8) Dworkin's critics from that period sought to defend positivism. They, too, often focused on Hart, framing their arguments as a defence of Hart's (or a Hartian) theory, either by developing responses that they claimed to be available to Hart or by suggesting modifications to Hart's theory that they claimed to be capable of preserving the general positivist outlook that Hart championed and of making the modified theory immune to Dworkin's criticism. (9) Because of its framing, the relevant scholarship came to be known as the "Hart-Dworkin debate," though of course it was in fact a debate between Dworkin and his numerous critics, since Hart did not reply to Dworkin at that time. Following the early pair of articles that sparked the debate, Dworkin embarked on the development of a novel conception of law, which came to be known as interpretivism. Dworkin's new work attracted enormous interest, with each new publication met by a flurry of fresh commentary and criticism. However, the tenor of the debate had now shifted. Dworkin's new work made scant reference to Hart, and the same is true of the responses it elicited. (11) Instead, the discussion was now dominated by distinctively Dworkinian themes: the idea of interpretation and the conception of law modeled on it, the value of principled consistency, Dworkin's various novel analytical devices including the pre- and post-interpretive stages of the process of identifying legal rights and duties, the dimensions of fit and justification of the test that a successful interpretation must meet, his model judge Hercules and the determinacy of law, and so on. (12) Critics sought to undermine the new theory directly, with the usual philosophical tools: raising issues about the conception's initial plausibility, its explanatory power, its internal consistency, or the tenability of its implications. …


This paper studies the construction and development of the computer science and technology major of Dongcheng College in the mode of distance and open education.Based on the theory of distance and open education and practice of Dongcheng College's major construction,this paper draws the conclusion that Dongcheng College's major construction needs to transit ideas for development,integrate system resources,and optimize school-running mode,which could be referential to domestic distance and open universities.


The invention discloses an optical path de-embedding method for S parameter measurement of an optical device. The method comprises the following steps that: step one, when an S parameter of an optical clamp is unknown, an equivalent model of the optical clamp is constructed according to a characteristic parameter of the optical clamp, and then a step two is carried out; and if the S parameter of the optical clamp is known, a step three is carried out directly; step two, the S parameter of the optical clamp is solved based on the three characteristic parameters, including the length, refractive index, and loss value of the equivalent model of the optical clamp; and step three, an optical clamp de-embedding formula is obtained by using the S parameter of the optical clamp, and calculation is carried out on the S parameter of the optical clamp and a total S parameter of the optical clamp and a measured piece directly, thereby obtaining an S parameter of the measured piece. With the method, the S parameter of the optical clamp can be obtained easily. Direct operation is carried out on the S parameter of the optical clamp and the total S parameter of the optical clamp and the measured piece without any tedious parameter change, so that the operation becomes simple and convenient; and the influence of the optical clamp is eliminated, thereby improving the measurement precision.


The authors have analysed 22 cases of verified infratentorial surgical lesions and found: 1. In 9 cases the EEG was normal and in 13 abnormal. The predominant EEG modifications were: outbursts of bilateral synchronous waves, 4 to 7 c/s. (θ rhythm) and δ waves, diffuse or localized, with temporal dispersion in relation to predominant projection areas. 2. The EEG changes did not differentiate the inflammatory lesions from the tumors. 3. The outbursts of 4 to 7 c/s. bilateral synchronous waves did not differentiate the midline lesions from the lateral lesions. 4. The normal EEG was dominant in the cases of extraencephalic lesions in relation to the intraparenchymatous lesions. 5. In the cases of definite localized δ waves the lesions were contralateral in the posterior fossa. 6. The outburst of diffuse δ waves were more frequent in the midline lesions.


A large number of tools, techniques and systematic methodologies are being used in industries for enhancing their performance. These m ay range from age-old tools like histogram and control charts to systematic methodol ogies like Just in time and total productive maintenance. Quality initiatives have a remarkable effect on meeting the needs of TQM culture in an organization. This paper attempts to convert quality initiatives of an organization in measurable terms. Different tools and techniques have different perceived effect on quality improvement. The present work is an analysis of a survey of organizations for assessment of use of to ols and techniques in terms of 'frequency of use' and 'impact on quality improveme nt' based on the results, Theoretic Representation to the use of Quality tools and tech niques (QT & T). The systematic application of this unified approach evaluates the extent to which an organization is


Introduction: The appearance of the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) as a Science appear in the 70's due to the energy crisis with consequent construction of private buildings. This vision only gained worldwide relief because of the discovery that a decrease in rates of air exchange in this type of buildings was the main cause for air increased pollutant concentration in the indoor air. Objetives: To evaluate the IAQ regarding the applicable legislation in gyms. Methods: The present study is characterized by being of level II, observational and cross-sectional cohort. The sample consisted of 3 gyms Coimbra and by 7 workers/. In order to achieve this objective, there was an analytical assessment of both physical and chemical parameters and filling questionnaires by the workers. Results: Regarding the obtained results of the evaluated parameters, it is possible to conclude that the PM 10 (Particulate Matter diameter of 10 mg/m3 ), the VOC's (Volatile Organic Compounds) and Relative Humidity presented risk values concerning workers health. Conclusions: The data collected it was possible to verify the importance and relevance of the studies in the future to ensure a better quality of life for all.


OBJECTIVE
To determine if having a primary care provider is an important factor in frequency of emergency department (ED) use.

DESIGN
Analysis of a central computerized health network database.

SETTING
Three EDs in southern New Brunswick.

PARTICIPANTS
All ED visits during 1 calendar year to an urban regional hospital (URH), an urban urgent care centre (UCC), and a rural community hospital (RCH) were captured.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Patients with and without listed primary care providers were compared in terms of number of visits to the ED. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors predictive of frequent attendance.

RESULTS
In total, 48 505, 41 004, and 27 900 visits were made to the URH, UCC, and RCH, respectively, in 2009. The proportion of patients with listed primary care providers was 36.6% for the URH, 37.1% for the UCC, and 89.4% for the RCH. Among ED patients at all sites, frequent attenders (4 or more visits to an ED in 1 year) were significantly more likely (59.6% vs 45.1%, P < .001) to have listed primary care providers. Other factors that predicted frequent use included attendance at a rural ED, female sex, and older age.

CONCLUSION
This study characterizes attendance rates for 3 EDs in southern New Brunswick. Our findings highlight interesting differences between urban and rural ED populations, and suggest that frequent use of the ED might not be related to lack of a listed primary care provider.


Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage explains that marriage is an inner and outer bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy family (household) based on the divinity of the Almighty. However, it was found several decisions of the Garut Religious Court which showed the age of marriage which lasted a short period of time. This study aims to determine the factors causing divorce at the age of 3 years of marriage from a young couple in the Garut Religious Court, to find out the legal reasons for judges for divorce at the age of 3 years of marriage from a young couple in the Religious Court of Garut and the judge's view of the granting of a 3 year marriage divorce decision. from a young couple in the Garut Religious Court. The results showed that the factors causing divorce at the age of 3 years of marriage can be classified into 3 main causes, namely: disputes and quarrels, lack of responsibility from the spouse and interference from outside parties. The legal reasons for judges who are sufficient to meet the reasons for divorce based on the law of several examples of decisions include: based on the information submitted before the trial the judge found the fact that between couples often quarrels and disputes occur and are not responsible for obligations in fulfilling the needs of living , as well as the parties split up residence.


Human trafficking is a major global challenge confronting the world today. This ugly development pervades nearly all African countries including Nigeria. In recognition of the fact that human trafficking is not only a violation of human rights but a crime that is against all laws, efforts have been severally made by bodies at both domestic and international levels to contend with this insolent and dehumanizing practice. To this end, at the international level, several treaties, Protocols and Conventions to which Nigeria is a signatory to have been negotiated. [1] In Nigeria, the Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Law Enforcement and Administration Act, 2003/2005, the Child Rights Act, 2003/2005, were enacted in addition to extant laws of different states dealing with Trafficking in Persons. This work, therefore, is a modest attempt at assessing the efficacy of these various legal regimes in curbing the menace in Nigeria. To this end, the researchers have carefully x-rayed the strength and weaknesses of the various legal regimes and made suggestions on how to better tackle the scourge of human trafficking. The work ends with the recommendations on the need to overhaul the legal regimes and its enforcement mechanisms. KEY WORDS: Institutional, Framework, Combating, Human, Trafficking, Nigeria . [1] United Nations Convention on the Declaration of Human Rights 1948, the United Nations Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1979, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989, the UN Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, especially on the Sales of a Child, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, 2002.


This paper proposes a passive islanding detection method based on computing a set of frequency-dependent reference impedance magnitudes and comparing them with the measured impedance magnitudes at the point of common coupling (PCC). The reference impedance may be identified online over a selected frequency band from the measured voltage and current at the PCC. Islanding is detected when the magnitude differences between the reference impedance and the measured impedance over the chosen frequency band are smaller than a preset threshold. Robustness of the proposed method is verified in a distribution network, the method avoids misdiagnosing islanding condition as normal condition. Performance analyses are discussed from two perspectives of nondetection zone (NDZ) and fault detection zone. By combining the undervoltage/overvoltage (UV/OV) and underfrequency/overfrequency (UF/OF) methods with the proposed method, the NDZs of UV/OV and UF/OF methods can be reduced.


To investigate the effects of sustained morphine stimulation on the maturation of bone marrow derived dendritic cell(DC) and the expression of morphine receptor in mice.the primary C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells of(4~6 weeks) were cultured in vitro,for 4 weeks and the cultivated cells were collected at 7 day after cultivation.The corresponding fluorescent antibody was then added.The changes of cell phenotypes of CD11c,Ia,CD86 molecules were detected by flow cytometry.The cells were collected at 7 th day and then the corresponding fluorescent antibody was added.The experimental result showed that the expressions of CD11c,Ia and CD86 of LPS+morphine groups of experiment were significantly increased compared with those of blank control and LPS control group(P0.01),but there were no significant differences between the LPS+morphine groups(P0.05).It suggests that sustained morphine stimulation can promote the maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.


Adsorption studies of SO/sub 2/ have been conducted on spent shale that was retorted at temperatures ranging from 300/sup 0/ to 1,000/sup 0/C. A chemical analysis and an X-ray diffraction analysis of all retorted samples were made. In addition, breakthrough curves of SO/sub 2/ on spent shale are presented along with the calculated isotherm.


The growth characteristics and habitat of the rare shrub Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana were studied by examining 19 documented groups of this Federal Species of Concern. These 19 groups occur along the Little River on the Fort Bragg Military Reservation in Cumberland, Hoke and Moore counties, North Carolina. Systematic field studies located and monitored the plants, and a modified version of the North Carolina Vegetation Survey protocol produced an inventory of surrounding plant communities. Results were used to modify knowledge of A. georgiana var. georgiana and correct errors in previous accounts: flowering commences in mid-April and ends in mid-May; seeds may persist on the plants until the following April; tree canopy densities range above 75 percent; and the plant inhabits transition zones on the dry side of wetland boundaries. A key to guide searches for the plant is presented along with recommendations for further research to resolve remaining questions about the protection status of Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana.


Breast sarcomas are rare, usually occurring in the setting of malignant phyllodes tumour (MPT). Heterologous differentiation commonly resembles well‐differentiated or pleomorphic liposarcoma. In extramammary sites, these subtypes have different biological behaviours and distinct genetic alterations: MDM2 and CDK4 amplification in well‐differentiated liposarcoma, and polyploidy with complex structural rearrangements in pleomorphic liposarcoma. The aim of this study was to investigate foci resembling well‐differentiated liposarcoma in MPT for MDM2 and CDK4 amplification.


Through harbor test and acceleration corrosion experiment in salt-fog-box, this article explored the corrosion property of HDG CM490, CM690 chains in marine environment. Besides, compared the HDG chain service condition in the worldwide harbors, and then gets the conclusion that the HDG CM490 and CM690 chain has good anticorrosion performance in marine environment.


The stability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) in response to climate change is of particular interest because of its influence on global climate and global mean sea level. Increasing the understanding of subglacial hydrology and knowing how the AIS behaves can help inform models that predict future AIS behaviour. During the 2021/2022 field season, the NZ Antarctic Science Platform collected five gravity cores from a Kamb Ice Stream (KIS) subglacial channel (Long. -152.292; Lat. -82.471), approximately 5 km landwards from the grounding zone in the southeast sector of the Ross Embayment. The longest (0.53m) core contains five units that differ markedly from what has previously been observed in sediment cores from the Ross Sea. Through grain size, diatom, palynological, XRF elemental, and Nd isotope analysis the depositional mechanisms and sediment source for these units were investigated. Three graded deposits (Units B-D) are inferred to be transported to the core site as concentrated density flows originating from lake drainage events. These events have been hypothesised to occur underneath the Siple Coast ice streams, and the KIS core provides the first sedimentological evidence of this occurring in Antarctica. Surface elevation anomalies of the KIS ice surface suggest a recurrence interval of ~5 years. Units B and C have a composition consistent with derivation from the KIS catchment, but Unit D has a composition indicative of neighbouring Whillans Ice Stream, suggesting multiple active drainage paths upstream of the KIS channel. The lowermost unit comprises a diatom ooze assigned to the Thalassiosira praefraga Zone of the early Miocene age (18.7-18.0Ma). As a potentially in situ deposit, this interval was studied to try and reconstruct environmental conditions of that time. Key diatom taxa include Fragilariopsis truncata, Cavitatus miocenicus, Creania lacyae, Synedropsis chethamii, Thalassiosira nansenii, and T. praefraga. Dominant palynomorphs are Nothofagus lachlaniae complexes, Podocarpidites spp. and Brigantedinium spp., supported by the presence of high-molecular weight n-alkanes (>C25) and n-fatty acids (>C26:0) . The diatoms and pollen are very similar to those reported from similar age material from RISP site J-9 (~600km WNW from KIS-2). Together, the data suggest mean annual temperatures of 5-8°C, mean annual summer temperatures of 4-12°C, an extensively vegetated West Antarctica and widespread phytoplankton deposition in the Ross Sea during the early Miocene.


The liquidity of the stock market is a multifaceted and abstract concept, which is why it is difficult to measure. Emerging stock markets differ from the developed ones due to the lower liquidity, the level of protection of investors, the investment interest, the attractiveness of the investments, the application of the regulations. The measurement of their market liquidity requires a revision of the standard indicators and the composition of alternative ones, suitable for more precise estimation. Such an adequate indicator can be the aggregated level of agreement of trade.


The study aims at investigating the problems of translating English cell phone terms into Arabic as well as the strategies used in translating such terms. This study is based on a questionnaire which includes thirty cell phone terms collected from different websites presenting cell phone terminology. The terms were distributed to students at An Najah National University. The population in this study consists of two groups: Group 1 included fifty-seven computer and telecommunication engineering students who had finished around 120 credit hours or above with a GPA of 3.00 or more; Group 2 consisted of forty-five or above with a GPA of 3.00 or more. The researcher describes and analyzes the translations by study subjects to examine the problems that face them. Then, these translated terms are evaluated by seven experts, who work in the field of computer and telecommunication technology, to establish a suggested translation of each term.


In this study, a case study of the installation of a photovoltaic (PV) system as a potential Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project for a commercial building in China was performed by using a newly developed mathematical programming model. The model, which was developed to optimize the installation capacity of the PV system subjected to the constraints on electricity supply and demand balances, was adopted to carry out parametric surveys of PV investment and electricity price. The resultant calculations reveal that, in some cases, the PV system will be voluntarily introduced in China, and that the PV system can be certified as a CDM project with financial support by the investor country. In some combination of parameters, the value of CO2 emission reduction credit offsets the PV capital cost, although the shared allocation of economic profits yielded by the CDM project between the two countries greatly mitigates the restraints on the project, while at the same time qualifying it for the CDM.


Ticagrelor was approved by FDA as an oral antiplatelet drug in combination with low-dose aspirin to reduce the rate of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and will become a strong competitor to clopidogrel. Ticagrelor has better efficacy than clopidogrel, but there is a problem in medication compliance. Besides, there is a black box warning on the doses of ticagrelor in combination with aspirin and the cost of ticagrelor is much higher than that of clopidogrel. This article describes the characteristics and the clinical features of both drugs and analyzes the causes of these differences.


This study investigates the yield spread between Thai Government bonds issued in the US domestic market ("yankee" bonds) and US Treasury bonds to determine the long-term equilibrium dynamics and the factors that affect changes in credit spreads. The sample period investigated was from 5 May 1999 to 26 March 2002. The results suggest that the long-term equilibrium relationship holds only between Thai Yankee bonds and long-term US bonds, rather than shorter or equivalent maturity bonds. Also, changes in the credit spreads of Thai Yankee bonds are generally negatively related to changes in the Thai SET Index. Changes in US Treasury bonds also tend to negatively affect spreads on short Thai Yankee bonds and positively affect spreads on long Thai Yankee bonds, though other macroeconomic factors, including exchange rate and capital flow variables, were generally not important.


Abstract: The aim of this paper is to approach comparatively the industrial policies for the rail-transportation industries. The central proposition of this concept, presented here, is, that no country can organize all industries equally competitive. Important is the existence of a strong nucleus. Such nuclei, labelled as 'complexes', cluster around specific product or market segments and major supplier companies, RD


Introduction Academic computer science has an odd relationship with software: Publishing papers about software is considered a distinctly stronger contribution than publishing the software. The historical reasons for this paradox no longer apply, but their legacy remains. This limits researchers who see the open-source software movement as an opportunity to make a scholarly contribution. Expanded definitions of scholarship acknowledge both application and discovery as important components.1 One obstacle remains: evaluation. To raise software to the status of a first-class contribution, we propose "best practices" for the evaluation of the scholarly contribution of open-source software. Typically, scholars who develop software do not include it as a primary contribution for performance reviews. Instead, they write articles about the software and present the articles as contributions. This conflation of articles and software serves neither medium well. An article describes an original intellectual contribution consisting of an idea, the argument for its importance and correctness, and supporting data. In contrast, software is more often an implementation of prior ideas in a usable form. It bridges the often considerable gap between an idea and the practical application of that idea. The original idea and its implementation represent distinct kinds of contribution. The critical gap is the perceived incomparability of these two contributions. Lacking a concise description adapted to the traditional practices of performance review committees, software is difficult to evaluate as a scholarly contribution and is often relegated to second-class status. We propose a framework for common assessment based on widely accepted definitions of scholarship. Within this general framework, we consider the material and procedures that a performance review committee uses to evaluate a publication. We then describe how software can be summarized in a compatible form of bibliographic citation and supplementary material.


The importance of the role of technology in economic growth has been widely demonstrated by some of the results of previous studies. In the period 1984 to 2013, the average growth of the highest technology Provinces in Indonesia won by South Sulawesi province. The results showed that the average composition of the growth of technology (TFP) to economic growth in the province during the period 1984 to 2013 amounted to 2.96%. However, TFP growth is smaller than the composition of growth in the capital stock of 3:06%, but greater than the composition of the labor force growth of 0.94%. Therefore, strategies are needed to increase the role of technology in promoting economic growth in the province. Some strategies are needed to increase the role of technology in promoting economic growth in the province of North Sulawesi, among others, to develop the manufacturing sector, creating a business climate that is attractive, synchronization of development policy agricultural sector in line with the industrial sector, improvement of the quality of the work force to support industrialization, convert public savings into investment in productive sectors and improving the quality of the composition of the budget