We can say that human life is a kind of web of stories. Human beings are familiar with stories. Stories have played an important role in human living. Herbert Anderson and Edward Foley say, "Telling stories is the way to be human." Koreans, traditionally, have grown up hearing many stories from grandmother and mother. Children ask their grandparent and parent for telling a story. Most children have listened to stories laying their head on grandparent or parent's lap. They often have fallen asleep while hearing stories. It might be thought as one of the happiest moments for them. Westerners also have done bedtime story telling for their kids' good night sleep. Listening to stories might be the one of best memories of childhood in the western as well as in the eastern. Sharing stories is also the one of best ways of knowing themselves. We can say that such stories have formed our perspectives and ways of life. Unconsciously or consciously, stories have been imbedded in our way of thinking and then embodied in our lives. It is very powerful: Even though anybody forced people to believe a certain perspective, people become fixed in it. This is very the power of story. Though it might be heard manipulatively, therefore, stories can be a wonderful medium for educating people and changing the way of thinking. Story has the possibility of the both negative and positive effect on our way of life. Person A, for instance, reads the story of brave military officer's biography and dreams to be an officer. Person B, on the other hand, commits a crime, getting an idea from his/her reading. A murderer of his parent, for instance, confessed to imitate the way of kill from a novel. These are extreme examples, but the story has the significant effect on human life. This study will invite you to think of some Korean folk tales, which say the false image of family and seriously ill communication among family members. Many folk tales treat the conflict between the stepmother and the stepdaughter. They are what are called the stepmothertype novels. They depict the stepmother as a cruel person. The stepmother does all things as she can to harm her stepdaughter. The father in such stories is very powerless and silent. All characters do not share their stories with each other and hide the fact. The daughter in stories does not talk to her father about her suffer. Father and his daughter rarely communicate with each other about their thinking and situation throughout stories. Such stories show the distorted communication among family members. Such a distortion leads to tragedy. We need to create many stories for helping people communicate mutually and soundly. Through reconsidering and rethinking the existing stories and wrestling with creating new ways of story and storytelling, I want to help people rebuild our families as an institution God creates directly. Family, in the Genesis, is the institution God creates. Jesus was also born and grew up at a home. Our contemporary society, however, suffers from broken relationship among family members. Many


Sir .—In the article, "Diagnosis of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency (Phenylketonuria)" (Journal1982;136:111-114), we are concerned by the recommendation of Berry and collegues that centers treating patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) should " . . . consider measurement of PH [phenylalanine hydroxylase] activity a necessary factor in the diagnosis of PKU." They claim that measurement may provide information about the "degree of dietary control required for optimum intellectual development" and "the selection of patients for dietary discontinuation." Although we do not know the mechanism of brain damage in PKU, there is abundant evidence that it is related to the serum phenylalanine levels in infancy and that careful dietary control of this level allows good brain development. 1 It is difficult to see how PH activity measured in vitro can predict intellectual development, except by predicting the serum phenylalanine level and/or the tolerance of dietary phenylalanine. The serum phenylalanine level is easily measured, and dietary tolerance is


Objective: To investigate the treatment of mechanical ventilation for children with severe hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) combined neurogenic pulmonary edema(NPE).Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 16 severe HFMD cases combined NPE was performed.All cases were accepted tracheal cannulae and the treatment of mechanical ventilation which respiration pattern was intermittent positive-pressure ventilation(IPPV) and positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP) as well as conventional treatment simultaneously.Results: Among 12 cases who appeared improvement of NPE,10 cases were clinical cured,2 cases were give up the treatment by their parents because of multiple organ failure.4 cases died at 3~17 h after hospitalized as a result of the rapid aggravation of patient's condition.Conclusion: Mechanical ventilation is one of save and effective therapeutic approach for severe HFMD combined NPE.It can reduce the mortality of severe HFMD.PEEP is the key of mechanical ventilation treatment of NPE.


A 5.2 GHz self-oscillating mixer (SOM) for IEEE 802.11a WLAN transmitter, fabricated using CMOS 0.18μm process, is presented in this paper. The conversion gain of the proposed Mixer is mainly upgraded by an enhanced transconductance technique. To reduce the power consumption, the proposed voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) employs a complementarily cross-coupled architecture. Under 1.5V and 0.6V supply voltage of Mixer and VCO, respectively, the simulated results of the proposed Mixer reveal a conversion gain of 10.74dB, input third-order intercept (IIP3) of −4.8dBm, phase noise of −116.2dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and tuning range of 4.615GHz~5.335GHz (14.12%) while total power consumption is only 7.3mW. The size of the chip is 0.741mm ×1.291mm.


Tensions in the eastern Ukraine were eased a bit in May 2014, although the causes of the confl ict still remain to be resolved. There is a fragile balance today between the Ukrainian military forces and the armed groups of supporters of federalism in Donetsk and Lugansk regions. In the circumstances, Russian leaders made a few conciliatory statements, making it clear that Russia is ready for a dialogue with Ukrainian President P. Poroshenko elected on May 25, 2014. Beside the military issues, there is a serious Russia-Ukraine confl ict over payments for Russia's natural gas supplies to Ukraine. Russia entered into a contract with China on large supplies of natural gas in the long-run perspective. The profi tability of the contract remains questionable due to the need to build from scratch a new pipeline, however, Russia seems to be seriously interested in China's potential to fi nance, even now, the Russian economy. The anticipated Treaty on the Establishment of the Eurasian Economic Community covering Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus was signed, without causing any sensations. Russia made minor concessions but gained its principal point on the impropriety of nulling export du?? es on hydrocarbons in trade relations between the countries.


To talk about bioethics in Africa on the same level with bioethics in the Euro-West is to leave it hanging and irrelevant, as the African environment has peculiar problems that require peculiar bioethical principles to solve. Studies in Western bioethics emphasize the importance of the principles of individual autonomy and justice in the analysis of bioethical issues. These principles are based on Western idiosyncrasies and eccentricities, which very often conflicts with the African worldview.  There is, therefore, the need to outline a descriptive analysis of ethical and moral values as rooted in authentic African traditions and cultures that can provide a helpful framework for ethical decision making in Africa. This would involve discovering the peculiarities and common features that make African bioethics worth its name. It is based on this scenario that this work focuses on 'Igwebuike' as basis for generating African bioethical principlism. The multidisciplinary approach would be used since bioethics is a multi-disciplinary discourse. The significance of this research is that it would unveil the richness of the African cultural heritage in relation to bioethics. It would further serve as a stimulus for further research in the area of intercultural bioethics.


VII. Conclusion The financial crisis has triggered intense efforts internationally, regionally and nationally to enhance the monitoring of systemic stability and to strengthen the links between macroand micro-prudential oversight. This article has examined some of the practical policy and legal issues involving the operation of international soft law in the context of the Basel II agreement, and the implications of these weaknesses for the effectiveness of international financial regulation more generally. Basel II's market-based approach to measuring and managing risks had become the banking industry's gold standard prior to the crisis without any built-in safeguards against wholesale market liquidity risks and undercapitalisation of banks. These lessons have not been completely learned as demonstrated with the Basel III proposals. The creation of the Financial Stability Board has not yet demonstrated that it is a meaningful institution for enhancing the macro-prudential focus of international financial regulation. Although the FSB has been engaged with micro-prudential reform issues, its efforts so far do not inspire confidence that more adequate macro-prudential measures are being adopted at the international level. This article suggests that future international regulatory reform must be built on a more holistic approach to financial regulation and supervision that involves linking micro-prudential supervision of individual banks with broader oversight of the financial system and to macroeconomic policy. Not only should regulation focus more on macro-economic factors, such as liquidity risks and leverage requirements for banks, but it should also develop capital adequacy standards that have linkages and reference points in the broader macro economy, such as countercyclical capital ratios. Macro-economic prudential regulation will necessarily require a more rulesbased approach to regulation in order to be effective. Effective international regulatory reform will require a more macro-prudential approach to regulation, supervision and crisis management that will necessarily require enhanced measures to control excessive risk-taking whilst mitigating and paying for the tremendous social costs imposed by financial crises.


The invention discloses a home anomaly detection method which comprises the following steps of: receiving at least one image sent from the outside; carrying out secondary image identification on the received image; judging that the received image belongs to a first type of images and/or belongs to a second type of images by a secondary image identification result; if the received image belongs to the first type of images, generating a first type of automatic warning on the basis of the first type of images and sending out the first type of automatic warning; and if an identification result is that the received image belongs to the second type of images, generating a second type of automatic warning according to the second type of images and sending out the second type of automatic warning. The home anomaly detection method has the effects of classifying the image by adopting secondary identification and sending warning information in a classified mode. The invention also discloses a corresponding device and a system adopting the method or the device.


Data Link Layer is the protocol layer which transfers data between connected networks. It provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network and its nodes. It also provide the means to rectify the errors and usually correct it that may occur in the Physical Layer. Study and simulate protocol to analyse and find the advantages and disadvantages to improve the quality of protocol such that it handles the network data transmission in proper way. The protocol is studied so that the details of the protocols are revealed and the limitations of the protocol can be overcome later. In this research paper we give a brief introduction about Data Link Layer Protocols and introduced a new protocol (Protocol 7) to overcome the problem of previous protocols on the basis of priority of the frame. Keywords— Protocol, Adjacent network, Simulate, Transmission, Segment, Frame.


Migrant workers constitute a relatively large proportion of the total population in general and the labor force in particular in Ho Chi Minh City. Research on social security for this group is an issue that needs to be paid attention to, in which health insurance is one of the important policies in the social security system being applied in our country. This article will study the issue of health insurance for migrant workers. By deploying the qualitative research method, the author researches the opportunity of accessing health insurance of migrant workers in Ho Chi Minh City, in particular, using the expert method to collect opinions on the questionnaire, using the direct survey method on 512 workers to build a database for the analysis in the article. The study results show that 93% of the surveyed migrant workers have health insurance, 73% of which have access to policy benefits. However, some barriers inhibit the opportunity of participating in and benefitting from health insurance of migrant workers, such as (i) proper perception of enterprises greatly affects the participation in health insurance of employees; (ii) ignorance and lack of information of employees on the health insurance policy; (iii) inconvenience of regulations about where participants access the healthcare system; (iv) time for medical examination and treatment associated with health insurance has not created favorable conditions for employees; (v) the overcrowding of public hospitals is accompanied by a poor-quality service, diminishing the participant's trust. Specifically, the article indicates that household registration is not a factor affecting the access to health insurance of migrant workers, which is different from other studies on the same topic. That is, household registration in Ho Chi Minh City makes no difference in accessing health insurance.


It is often necessary to compare data-rich charts, tables, diagrams, or drawings rather than the articles that contextualize that data. The objective of this research has been to create a database of non-textual components (here,maps) that are searchable independently of the articles from which they are taken, with the option to view the source articles. The method mines words from the articles that are near or associated with each component map, and these mined words become the basis of region, time, and subject indexing. The evaluation showed that automatic indexing of the component maps by these three facets works well, and indicates that a large-scale component database following this model is viable.


. Let G be a universal Chevalley-Demazure group scheme associated to a reduced irreducible root system of rank > 1 . For a commutative ring R , we let Γ = E ( R ) denote the elementary subgroup of the group of R -points G ( R ) . The congruence kernel C (Γ) is then defined to be the kernel of the natural homomorphism (cid:2) Γ → Γ , where (cid:2) Γ is the profinite completion of Γ and Γ is the congruence completion defined by ideals of finite index. The purpose of this paper is to show that for an arbitrary noetherian ring R (with some minor restrictions if G is of type C n or G 2 ), the congruence kernel C (Γ) is central in (cid:2) Γ .


Gradual violation of a safety rule instead of violating a safety rule at a time paralyzes our ethical attitude towards safety and makes us less guilty of violating a safety rule or ethics. Gradual escalation of risk taking behavior dilutes more our attitude towards safety and makes us underestimate a risk than taking a risk at a time. In other words, it should be empirically verified whether the diversification of risk promotes the risk seeking behavior as compared with the risk taking at a time. It is possible that such a gradual escalation of risk taking behavior leads to a crucial accident like JCO (Japan Nuclear Fuel Conversion Office) critical mass accident. Thus, we paid attention to unethical behavior, in particular, the (intentional) violation of rules motivated by the economic incentive or the pursuit of efficiency. When we face a situation under which we must weigh the ethics of safety rule and the efficiency (economic aspect) in the balance, we may pursuit efficiency by taking a risk gradually by diversifying the risk. More concretely, it was hypothesized that we tend to underestimate the total risk when the total risk is divided to a few risk-taking behaviors than when the total risk is taken at a time. As a result of exploring the relationship between the diversification of risk (accepting (taking) the total risk gradually by dividing it into a few trials) and the risk assessment, it was clarified that we tended to underestimate the total risk when the total risk was divided into a few risk-taking behaviors than when the total risk was taken at a time.


Snake-bite is a life-threatening medical emergency & major public health problem throughout the World, especially in tropical countries like India. The annual death rate due to snake bite in India is estimated to be 4.1 per 1,00,000 population while in Maharashtra, it is 3.0 per 1,00,000 population. The objective of this study is to observe the management of snake bite and their outcome in central India. It was a prospective observational study of 203 patient of snake bite from June 2011 to September 2013. Inclusion criteria: all the adult patients of poisonous snake bite admitted in medical wards and intensive care unit. Exclusion criteria: patient of non-poisonous snake bite & scorpion bite. Most important investigation to be performed in vasculotoxic snake bite was 20 minute whole blood clotting time which helped in early detection of coagulopathy and subsequent acute renal failure. Complete blood count, liver function test, renal function tests, urine examination to rule out haematuria, coagulation profile (PT and INR) were also done. Primary outcome was defined in the form of survival or non-survival. Prognostic factors were compared in survived and non survived groups. Variable clinical presentations were noted starting from cellulitis (90.6%) followed by nausea and vomiting (70.4%), ptosis (19.2%), colour changes in form of bluish discoloration of bite site (12.8%), respiratory failure and haematuria (7.4%) to Hypotension (6.9%). Out of 203 cases studied 30, patients were died during the study period and overall mortality was 14.8%. Mortality in patients who received ASV more than 300 ml was higher than those who received anti-snake venom (ASV) less than 300 ml (p value 315 ml) and same is true with coagulopathy.


A report on the socioeconomic and professional profile of the dais (traditional Indian midwives). Plans are for increasing their effective involvement in ante- and postnatal childcare and delivery and family planning. The authors consider dais good candidates for the purpose because of their already accepted position and function in traditional village life. The study included the following: 1) background information, 2) professional training, 3) opinion and knowledge about family welfare program, 4) willingness for family planning work. Income studies were also undertaken. The results (presented in tables) show the following for trained dais: 1) they fell mostly in the 30-49 age bracket, making them peers of their clients, 2) 93% are illiterate, 3) 96% are Hindu, 4) 61.3% had other jobs as agricultural laborers, 5) median income from deliveries was 40 rupees, 6) median income from other sources was 25 rupees, 7) husband's median income was 58 rupees, 8) total median income was 122 rupees. Another table shows that the majority of the trained dais entered the field as a family profession (82.7%) and at an age of between 15 and 30 years. Most had worked at the occupation less than 5 years. Each dai performs an average of 4.5 deliveries per month in the village and 1.9 per month elsewhere. The fee received is an average of 1.50 rupees and 3.3 kgm. of grain. A final table includes data on the training of the dais (duration, stipend received, year of training); it was found that 90.7% of the dais did not know the type of training they received. The authors conclude that the training of dais in population planning should continue, since the effect of lower birth rate on their income will not be a significant factor in the dais' attitudes and because the dai is already an accepted member of the community.


Background: Benzhexol hydrochloride (Trihexyphenidyl) is a potent anticholinergic agent. Abuse of benzhexol has been noted with increasing frequency in recent years Aim of the study: to determine the conditioning place preference of benzhexol administration in the male rats. Materials and methods: Sixteen male, adult, albino rats were useded in this experiments. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups, eight rats for each group. Each rat of group 1 was placed in the control compartment and once the rat enter the drug compartment, the animal received N.S. in equal volume to the benzhexol dose,, orally (p.o.), by gastric tube. Each rat of group 2 was placed in the control compartment and once the rat enter the drug compartment, the animal received benzhexol 0.2 mg/kg, p.o., by gastric tube. Previous two steps were repeated twice daily for 10 days. On 11 th day, each rat in was placed in the control compartment for 10 minutes and all behaviors of the animals were recorded by video camera. Results and conclusion: In group 2 (benzhexol 0.2 mg/kg), the time which spent in the drug chamber (white and brown color) significantly increased (P<0.05) as compared with the time which spent in the control chamber. This study reported that administration of 0.2 mg/kg of benzhexol, twice daily (pd), for 10 days caused conditioning place preference in the rats.


The sixth meeting of the British Society for the History of ENT was held on Friday 25 September 1998 in the Postgraduate Centre, City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham. At the beginning of the meeting, the President, Mr David Brain, announced the sad news of the death of Dr Ben Davis, a founder member of the Society. Dr Ben Davis was Reader in Forensic Medicine in Birmingham University and a founder member of the Birmingham Society for the History of Medicine. His enthusiasm and participation in meetings will be much missed. The winner of the Junior Prize (a one year's subscription to the JLO) was Mr A. H. Marshall of Nottingham for his Paper entitled The First Laryngectomy. The runner-up was Ms. Nadia Vawda for her presentation entitled 'Sleep Medicine'. She was given a copy of Otolaryngology-an illustrated history by Neil Weir. The next meeting of the Society will be held in conjunction with the 10th BACO conference, Cambridge, July 4-9, 1999. The programme is as follows:


Nowadays, waste is a serious problem, especially plastic waste, which is quite alarming in the world. Plastic is waste that is difficult to degrade and takes hundreds of years to decompose. One of the promising technologies for recycling plastics is pyrolysis. This is the process of breaking long chains of polymers into hydrocarbons which are carried out at high temperatures. The purpose of this paper was to know the effect of using catalysts and non-catalysts on yield and calorific value. In this study, the pyrolysis process used a natural zeolite catalyst with a temperature of 500oC. 50 grams of HDPE Plastic feed was put into the reactor for 3 hours. The variations in the addition of Zeolite catalyst were 1.5, 2.5, 3.75 and 5%wt. The results goals that the highest yield was 44.36% and the heating value of 10230.295 cal/g for the addition of 5 grams of catalyst. The addition of a catalyst can increase the conversion of plastic to fuel Keywords: Catalyst, Plastic, HDPE, energy, pyrolysis


ABSTRACT This study explores how sexual orgasm is conceptualized in 27 languages and proposes an ideal cognitive model for sexual desire. Specifically, the study has identified that the conceptual metaphors, conceptual metonymies, and related concepts manifested in the terms and announcements for orgasm can be categorized into orgasm as a physiological response, orgasm as a psychological state, and orgasm as an ideal goal. We also observed that languages tend to conceptualize orgasm as a physiological response in the terms for orgasm; whereas more languages are inclined to conceptualize orgasm as an ideal goal in the announcements for orgasm. Depending on whether the focus is on the physiological, psychological, and ideal aspects during sex, native speakers of their various languages may conceptualize orgasm with the conceptual metaphors ORGASM IS A PEAK, ORGASM IS FIRE, ORGASM IS DEATH, ORGASM IS A DESTINATION, and ORGASM IS THE RELEASE OF FORCE/SUBSTANCE IN A CONTAINER; conceptual metonymies (i.e., EXCITEMENT FOR ORGASM, SWELLING FOR ORGASM, and HEAT FOR ORGASM); and related concepts (i.e., (FEELING OF) SATISFACTION and (FEELING OF) PLEASURE). In proposing the ideal cognitive model for sexual desire, the study also suggests that sexual desire is an emotion closely related to love and happiness. The intertwining relationship between the three emotions implies that the experience and satisfaction of sexual desire may be important for maintaining the physiological and psychological wellbeing of an individual as well as the development of healthy and loving sexual/romantic relationships.


Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP), specially designed for classification and identification of image data. MLPs are very useful but very slow for learning image features. Even for small images MLPs takes a lot of time to learn the features. On contrary, Convnets detects the features locally and propagate them to the neighboring layer so that the learning process is easier and efficient. Image reduction is a process normally used to reduce the number of learning parameters. The present paper is aimed at designing a new technique to convolve the input image, using Deep CNN algorithm and then reduce the image dimension by pooling techniques. The new technique is applied for image classification of flue-cured tobacco leaves. About 120 samples of cured tobacco leaves are taken for training the CNN and reduced the image dimensions from 1450×1680 to 256×256 RGB. Here four hidden layer CNN is considered and performed convolution and pooling on input images with sixteen, thirty two and sixty four feature kernels on first three hidden layers and fourth layer is connected to output layer. Max pooling technique is used in the model and classified them into three major classes' class-1, class-2 and class-3 with a global efficiency of 85.10% on the test set consisting about fifteen images of each group. Results from the proposed model are compared with other existing models and shown that the model performs better even with small training set.


This paper attempts to compare the classical and quantum mechanical approaches to Raman Spectroscopy. It throws light on the inelastic scattering of light explained by Raman as a consequence of quantum mechanical treatment of atomic spectra. The author shows how classical electromagnetic wave theory is able to give only a very elementary and imperfect explanation of the Raman Effect. When a molecule is put into a static electric field it suffers some disturbance, the positively charged nuclei being attracted towards the negative pole and the electrons towards the positive pole of the field. This separation of charge centre causes an induced electric dipole moment to set in the molecule and the molecule is said to be polarized. The classical theory does not give the adequate explanation of the Raman Effect because the classical theory gives explanation only about the frequency of the scattered light not about the intensity of the scattered light. The author here shows with detailed calculation how beautifully Raman Effect can be explained satisfactorily on the basis of quantum theory.
Keywords- Spectroscopy, Polarizability, Electric dipole moment, Inelastic scattering.


The recent growth of IoT devices, along with edge computing, has revealed many opportunities for novel applications. Among them, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), which are deployed for surveillance and environmental monitoring, are attracting increasing attention. In this context, typical solutions must deal with events that may change the state of the network, providing a service that continuously maintains a high level of performance. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing a distributed architecture that leverages a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) technique to dynamically offload tasks from UAVs to the edge cloud. Nodes of the system co-operate to jointly minimize the overall latency perceived by the user and the energy usage on UAVs by continuously learning from the environment the best action, which entails the decision of offloading and, in this case, the best transmission technology, i.e., Wi-Fi or cellular. Results validate our distributed architecture and show the effectiveness of the approach in reaching the above targets.


The gear structure is an important part of the transmission device. The majority of manual methods are currently used to complete the assembly of the large internal gear. Manual assembly is difficult and inefficient. Therefore, an online measurement method for the assembly pose of the gear structure based on monocular vision is proposed. After the critical features of the gear structure have been detected, a duality elimination method based on traversal mapping dots is proposed to obtain the correct solution for the spatial circle pose. Concurrently, the circle pose optimization model is established to enhance pose precision. Then, a new calibration board was designed to complete the hand-eye calibration of the parallel mechanism and camera. Finally, the correction amount required to complete the internal and external teeth assembly is calculated based on the iterative update of the pose measurement method. The experimental results show that the comprehensive accuracy of the pose measurement method exceeds 0.2 mm, the average assembly time is approximately 14 min and the assembly success rate is approximately 97%. It has been realized that simulated gear structure parts can be assembled automatically.


Human interfaces are usually designed to respond only tointentional human behaviors. However, humans show unintentionalbehaviors as well. They can convey useful information to realizeuser-friendly human interfaces. This paper presents how to combineobservations of both types of behaviors by taking two human-machine systems: a gesture-based interface and an intelligentwheelchair. In the first system, intentional hand gestures arechosen using unintentional behaviors. In the second system, nearunintentional behaviors following intentional behaviors can be usedto control the wheelchair motion. Experimental systems working inreal time have been developed. Operational experiments prove ourapproach promising.


Surface hydroxyl groups on hydrothermally treated silica gel have been under discussion several decades back with contradictory conclusions. Some authors meant that the hydrothermally treated sila gel increases the concentration of hydrogen bonded silanol groups on the surface and some concluded that the hyrothermal treatment increases the concentration of internal hydrogen bond ed silanol groups. The contradictory stand points arose because of the difficulty in finding a technique that could give evidence for the presence of surface hydrogen bonded silanol groups. Recent investigation into the surface functionalities and adsorption evolution of water on silica gel surface by second derivative near infrared spectroscopy has provided spectroscopic evidence for the presence of surface hydrogen bonded silanol groups. The technique was employed to probe the surface of the hydrothermally treated silica gel samples. Two silica gel samples of varying surface characteristics have been used in this study. The samples were hydrothermally treated and their surface functionalities were probed using near infrared spectroscopy with second derivative approach. The results clearly indicate that the hydrothermal treatment of silica gel primarily increases the concentration of hydrogen bonded silanol groups on the silica gel surface. This happens because of the chemical transformation of the siloxane groups into silanol groups. These new silanol groups increase the chance for hydrogen bondings with neighboring silanol groups. Therefore, the concentration of free silanol groups decreases with the hydrothermal treatment. The adsorption of water takes place at the vi cinal OH groups first and spreads over the surface by forming hydrogen bondings and ends with bonding at free silanol OH groups. A balanced concentration proportionality between free silanol groups and vicinal OH groups (arising from the hydrogen bondings between two or more of the neighboring silanol groups) is necessary for effective adsorption of water molecules on silica gel surface. A high proportion of the hydrogen bondings on the silica gel surface increase the concentration of vicinal OH and therefore t he adsorption effectiveness of the sample decreases markedly.


This thesis mapped and investigated the form and function of UA in two intermediate-sized cities (80% of the population but not full-time involvement), the contribution to farming households' food ...


Aim: To compare efficacy of ferrous sulfate (FS) with iron polymaltose complex (IPC) in treating childhood iron deficiency anemia. Methods: This randomized trial was conducted at Department of Pediatrics Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from February 2016 to August 2016. Total of 70 children aged 6months to 6years having IDA were enrolled. They were randomly allocated to 2 groups. In IPC Group, iron polymaltose complex was given while in FS group ferrous sulfate was given for 2 months. The dose of iron preparations given was 6mg/kg/day of elemental iron in 3 divided doses. Results: Out of 70 children, 39(55.7%) were male and 31(44.3%) were female. Mean age of children was 2.46 years±1.36 SD. Majority of children (60%) were under 2 years. Mean weight of children was 10.7 Kg. Majority of children, 4 (65.7%) were <12 Kg, 24(34.3%) were 12Kg or more. Mean Hb and ferritin before start of therapy in studied children were 7.85g/dl±0.82 SD and 8.22ng/ml±2.42 SD respectively. Mean post treatment Hb and ferritin in studied children were 10.9g/dl ±0.90 SD and 42.8ng/ml±21 SD respectively. Compliance was good in 94.3% children in IPC group and 85.7% children in FS group. While comparing both groups efficacy was seen in 32(91.4%) children in IPC group and 30 (85.8%) children in FS group which was insignificant statistically (P value=0.45). Conclusion: Results of this study revealed that there was statistically insignificant difference in the efficacy rate of iron polymaltose complex and ferrous sulphate when used as an oral iron replacement treatment in children with iron deficiency anemia. Ferrous sulfate and iron polymaltose can be used as alternative drugs as both have comparative efficacy.


Bandengan waters have the potential to serve as a marine tourism area, its sustainability has to be preserved. Optimal utilization of Bandengan waters can provide benefits not only to the environment but also to the economic improvement of the community. Efforts to optimize marine tourism in Bandengan waters were conducted by reviewing area management alternatives to preserve and improve the welfare of the community. This study aims to analyze the alternative management of the marine tourism area using A'WOT analysis which is a combined analysis of SWOT and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) to establish strategies and to determine alternative management on marine tourism in Bandengan waters. Based on A'WOT analysis obtained alternatives to manage marine tourism area which consists of spatial planning based on biophysical parameters, spatial planning based on the carrying capacity of the environment, increasing public and tourist awareness to cleanliness, improving both the quantity and quality of infrastructure, and the making of legislation. The recommended alternative management is basically aimed to preserve the marine tourism in Bandengan waters and to improve the people's welfare.


The problem of the experimental determination of the amount of entanglement of a bipartite pure state is addressed. We show that measuring a single observable does not suffice to determine the entanglement of a given unknown pure state of two particles. Possible minimal local measuring strategies are discussed and a comparison is made on the basis of their best achievable precision.


Aim: To determine the frequency of genital tract malignancies in women with postmenopausal bleeding Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology unit III of Liaquat university hospital Hyderabad from August 2012 to July 2013. Methods: A total of 50 cases were included in the study through non-probability convenience sampling technique. A detailed history related examinations and baseline investigation along with ultrasonography and pap smear were done. Diagnostic curettage and cervical biopsy done whenever needed & all the data was confirmed by histopathology reports. Data was recorded on predesigned proforma, entered in computer and analyzed by using SPSS-12. Result: In this study the frequency of genital tract malignancies observed in patients with postmenopausal bleeding was 39(78%) cases. Out of which 54% had carcinoma of cervix, 10% carcinoma of endometrium, 2% Granulosa cell tumor of ovary, 6% vulval cancer, 2% vaginal cancer and 4% leiomyosarcoma. Conclusion: Postmenopausal bleeding is a major symptom that may predict malignancy and should never be ignored and need thorough evaluation as in our country the most common malignancy is carcinoma of cervix in women with postmenopausal bleeding which reflect the importance of cervical screening programme.


Chondrosarcomas are the most common primary chest wall malignancy. We report on a 17-year-old man with a growing mass in the left supraclavical region that developed over 2 months. The mass appeared to arise from the left first rib, extended to the second rib and second vertebral body, and demonstrated local invasion of the left upper lung. The mass compressed the left subclavian vessels and brachial plexus. The tumor was removed radically as a superior sulcus tumor. A transmanubrial approach was used to preserve the sternoclavicular junction and clavicle, and tumor resection was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was a low-grade chondrosarcoma. There was a rapid recovery of daily activity, and no recurrence has been observed during the 6-month follow-up.


Establishment of a standardized process can be beneficial when implementing clinical decision support (CDS) rules in the electronic health record (EHR). Postimplementation monitoring is an important step in evaluating the clinical value of CDS rules in improving outcomes.

At the outset of efforts


The energy transfer of proton with energies of 10—300keV in Kapton/A1 was simulated with TRIM and SRIM2003.Irradiating test parameter of energy was chosen based on the simulated results.The ground simulation tests of proton irradiations for Kapton/A1 films were conducted by using the space synthesis irradiating facility under vacuum at room temperature.The key functional groups in the Kapton/A1 films were analyzed quantitatively by means of the surface infrared spectrum technique.The damage cross section of typical molecular bonds was obtained from the variation of the absorbance at the characteristic peaks of key functional groups.The analysis results have shown that the average damage cross section is strongly dependent on the electron energy loss,which is agreement with the simulation results by TRIM.This indicates that the electron energy loss plays an important role in the damage of Kapton/A1 by keV proton irradiation.From the tendency of the solar absorptance and the simulation results it can be seen that the proton irradiation effects have the maximum value near the incident energy of 80keV.


We recently read Dr. Asano's chart review study (n = 98, January 2005– December 2014 at Inokashira Hospital in Japan), which investigated patients receiving some first-generation antipsychotic long-acting injectable (FGA-LAI), risperidone-LAI (RIS-LAI), and paliperidone palmitate (PP). Ultimately, the reasons for discontinuation were insufficient response (35.3%), side effects (13.1%), patient's request (12.1%), unstable physical conditions (8.1%), and loss to follow-up (6.1%). Several nationwide cohort studies have reported that second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) had certain benefits for schizophrenia treatment compared with FGAs despite the differences in formulation (oral and LAI). We conducted a retrospective chart review study to examine the differences in the reasons for discontinuing LAI antipsychotic (LAI-AP) among each SGALAI [aripiprazole once monthly (AOM), PP and RIS-LAI] treatment group. This study included patients with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders who commenced LAI-AP treatment from January 2009 to March 2020 at Fujita Health University Hospital in Toyoake, Japan. The final chart review was performed on March 3, 2021. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Fujita Health University. Informed consent was obtained in an opt-out form on the website and in-hospital bulletin board. Patients with unknown start times while taking LAI-APs or who declined to participate were excluded. Age at which LAI-AP started, age at onset, sex, LAI-AP treatment duration, treatment status, and reasons for discontinuing LAI-AP in less than 6 months (given the varying observation periods for each patient, we investigated the reasons for discontinuing LAI-AP in less than 6 months of starting LAI-AP) were collected. If there was more than one reason, we confirmed with their primary doctors the more appropriate reason or selected the most relevant reason. We compared the AOM, PP, and RISLAI groups using the chi-squared test and analysis of variance for the categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Moreover, association of patient's characteristics with discontinuation rate in less than 6 months was examined. Using Kaplan–Meier curves, we estimated the rate of LAI-AP discontinuation within 550 days (among patients who continued the LAI-AP therapy until the final chart review; the observation period for the patients who started LAI-AP most recently was 550 days). When these analyses yielded a significant association, we performed a post hoc analysis using Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons to locate intergroup differences. All patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia. Our study included patients who received AOM (n = 58), PP (n = 41), and RIS-LAI (n = 58, Table 1). Nineteen patients used different LAI-APs at various times (two LAI-APs, 16 patients; three LAI-APs, three patients). After discontinuing an LAI-AP, no patient resumed the same LAI-AP. Significant differences were found in the proportion of patients who were prescribed with oral APs at the start of LAI-AP (P < 0.01) and proportion of patients who discontinued LAIAP in less than 6 months among the groups (P < 0.01, Table 1). A smaller proportion of patients prescribed with oral APs at the start of LAI-AP in patients received PP compared to both patients received AOM (P < 0.01) and patients received RIS-LAI (P < 0.01). A smaller proportion of patients who discontinued LAI-AP in less than 6 months in patients received who AOM compared to patients received RIS-LAI (P < 0.01). AOM, PP, and RIS-LAI treatments were discontinued because of adverse events (28.57%, 36.36%, and 23.81%), insufficient response (14.29%, 45.45%, and 52.38%) loss to follow-up (28.57%, 9.09%, and 9.52%), and patient's request (28.57%, 9.09%, and 14.29%), respectively. There were no recorded deaths. Patients who discontinued LAI-AP in less than 6 months used various antipsychotics after LAI-AP discontinuation (Table S1). The patient-related factors were not associated with the differences in the number of patients who continued LAIAP for at least 6 months and in the number of patients who discontinued LAI-AP in less than 6 months (Table S2). The log-rank test revealed significant differences in time to discontinuation among LAI-APs (P < 0.01, Fig. S1). AOM had longer treatment duration compared to RISLAI (P < 0.01). There were differences in the reasons for discontinuing the LAI-AP treatment among the SGA-LAI groups. AOM employed for a longer duration. Due to selection bias, however, the results should be interpreted with caution. The AOM group might include more mildly ill patients than the other treatment groups. A recent meta-analysis demonstrated that LAI-APs might be more acceptable for women than for men; therefore; the difference in the proportion of women in each LAI-AP group might also influence our results. Our study had other limitations, including a small number of samples and short research period. A recent network meta-analysis showed that a 3-month PP formulation prevented schizophrenia relapse; however, LAI-AP effectiveness should be confirmed in clinical practice.


Twitter has emerged as a popular source of sharing and delivering news information. In tweet messages, URLs to web resources and hashtags are often included. This study investigates the potential of the hyperlinks and hashtags as topical clues and indicators to tweet messages. For this study, we crawled and analyzed about 1.5 million tweets for a 3‐month period covering any topic or subject. The findings of this study revealed a power law relationship for the ranking and frequency of (a) the host names of URLs, and (b) a pair of hashtags and URLs that appeared in the tweet messages. This study also discovered that the most popular URLs used in tweets come from news and media websites, and a majority of the hyperlinked resources are news web pages. One implication of this study is that Twitter users are becoming more active in sharing already published information than producing new information. Finally, our investigation on hashtags for web resource indexing reveals that hashtags have the potential to be used as indexing terms for co‐occurring URLs in the same tweet. We also discuss the implications of this study for web resource recommendation.


The damage effect in a well is defined as the natural or induced alteration of the petrophysical properties of the rock formation, which characterizes the flow of fluids. The natural result of the damage existence is the decrease of the formation permeability, the increase in the drawdown pressures of the system and the diminution of the flow rate capacity. Due to decrease of the capabilities of the production and injection wells, the concept of the damage effect is analyzed. The damage effect, ordinary is determined through the analysis of transient pressure test. A new methodology was introduced recently and is presented here, in order to determine the damage effect using data of output tests. This methodology uses the geothermal inflow type-curve affected with damage, which is a useful tool for determining the value of the damage in a well at the time of its output test. At the present the inflow type curve is applicable to wells producing flow mixture with H2O-CO2NaCl. In this paper we propose the methodology to determining the damage in a well and an example of its use with data set of a well is shown. The obtained results indicate that the numerical value of the damage in the well increases as function of its exploitation time.


On the basis of the sequences of allophycocyanins from several species in genbank,a pair of degenerate primers were designed and synthesized. A specific fragment about 1 055 bp in size was obtained after PCR amplification using the cpDNA of Porphyra haitanensis as template. Then the purified fragment of DNA was cloned into vector pMD18-T, and sequenced after the identification of the recombinants using PCR and endonuclease digest. The results indicate that α and β subunit genes of allophycocyanin are obtained from Porphyra haitanensis. The fragment size is (1 055 bp), including α and β subunits coding regions (486 bp) each and the spacer between them is 83 bp.The genes were submitted to genbank and their genbank accession number was AY372218.


Background: ketamine induced cystitis (KIC) is commonly occurred in ketamine abusing individuals. It is associated with damage in the lining of the bladder and lower urinary tract symptoms. Platelets rich plasma (PRP) is attractive therapeutic line in regenerative medicine. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has many beneficial therapeutic effects in treatment of different types of cystitis.Objective: to evaluate the effect of PRP and HA on ketamine induced cystitis in adult male rats.Materials and methods: Forty- four adult male rats were divided into five groups: Group I: control rats. Group II: Ketamine group. Group III: Recovery group. Group IV: Ketamine and PRP treated group. Group V: Ketamine and HA treated group. Specimens from the body of the urinary bladder were processed and examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Morphometrical studies and statistical analysis were conducted.Results: Groups II and III showed focal areas of degeneration and ulceration with apparently decreased thickness of the urothelium. Cellular infiltration and dilated congested blood vessels of the lamina propria were also observed. A significant increase of the collagen fibers in the lamina propria and between the muscle bundles. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) immunoreaction was significantly increased but there was a non-significant increase of antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunopositive nuclei among urothelium and a significant decrease of desmin, compared to group I. Groups III and IV showed improvement of most of the histological and immunohistochemical changes described before. Conclusion: The intravesical injection of PRP and HA provide a positive impact on treatment of KIC. HA therapy is a more efficient mean as it provides a better improvement in healing of urothelium and promotes more rapid tissue regeneration.


Background Mechanical ventilator circuits are commonly changed at 48-h intervals. This frequency may be unnecessary because ventilator-associated pneumonia often results from aspiration of pharyngeal secretions and not from the ventilator circuit. We compared the ventilator-associated pneumonia rates and costs associated with 48-h and 7-day circuit changes. Methods Ventilator circuits were changed at 48-h intervals during the control period (November 1992 to April 1993) and at 7-day intervals during the study period (June 1993 to November 1993). Nosocomial pneumonias were prospectively identified using the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The annual cost difference of changing circuits at 48-h and 7-day intervals was calculated using the distribution of ventilator days for the control and study periods. Results There were 1,708 patients, 9,858 ventilator days, and a pneumonia rate of 9.64 per 1,000 ventilator days in the control group (48-h circuit changes). There were 1,715 patients, 9,160 ventilator days, and 8.62 pneumonias per 1,000 ventilator days when circuits were changed at 1-week intervals (study group). Using a logistic regression model, there were significantly greater odds of developing a ventilator-associated pneumonia in surgical patients (odds ratio 1.77, P = 0.02) and patients in critical care units (odds ratio 1.54, P = 0.05), but no significant risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients in whom circuits were changed at 1-week intervals (odds ratio 0.82, P = 0.22). Changing circuits at 7-day intervals resulted in a 76.6% ($111,530) reduction in the annual cost for materials and salaries. Conclusions We found no difference in pneumonia rates with ventilator circuit changes at 48-h and 7-day intervals. Ventilator circuits can be safely changed at weekly intervals, resulting in large cost savings.


The socio-demographic profile of psychoactive substance users (excluding alcohol) attending neuropsychiatric out patient department of western regional hospital Pokhara during the period Feb. 1997 to Oct. 1998 was studied. All the 55 cases were males, more than 50% started drug use before the age of 24, 80% of users were from urban areas, buprenorphine intravenous injection was the commonest drug of abuse (41.8%) followed by cannabis (30.9%), heroin (11%). The implications of the findings with an emphasis on future direction are discussed.


Based on the cognitive theory, anxiety arising from the awareness of death and dying may activate dysfunctional attitudes, which may then reduce quality of life. This study examined the interdependence and the mediating role of dysfunctional attitudes on the relationship between death anxiety and quality of life among patients with lung cancer and their caregivers.


The design and operation of the fluid delivery, monitor, and control systems for the SLD barrel Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector (CRID) are described. The systems deliver drift gas (C/sub 2/H/sub 6/+TMAE), radiator gas (C/sub 5/F/sub 12/+N/sub 2/), and radiator liquid (C/sub 6/F/sub 14/). Measured critical quantities such as electron lifetime in the drift gas and ultraviolet (UV) transparencies of the radiator fluids, together with the operational experience, are reported. >


Abstract Globally, there are prevailing knowledge gaps in the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adolescents; however, these gaps are especially wide in African countries. The availability of robust age-disaggregated data is a critical first step in improving knowledge on disease burden and manifestations of COVID-19 among children. Furthermore, it is essential to improve understanding of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with comorbidities and co-infections such as HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sickle cell disease and malnutrition, which are highly prevalent among children in sub-Saharan Africa. The African Forum for Research and Education in Health (AFREhealth) COVID-19 Research Collaboration on Children and Adolescents is conducting studies across Western, Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa to address existing knowledge gaps. This consortium is expected to generate key evidence to inform clinical practice and public health policymaking for COVID-19, while concurrently addressing other major diseases affecting children in African countries.


This article focuses on local and regional products seeking a theoretical explanation of the role of product's brand in its consumption. In scope of COBEREN (COnsumer BEhaviouR Erasmus Network) activities, the authors have analysed survey data to determine the importance consumers of European countries assign to the brand of a product. The main conclusion is that a consumer does not pay great importance to brands, although, prefer branded products. This article was a detailed analysis of the data on the role of brand products among consumers in different countries. The paper aims to show the general trend.


The study shows the influence of different sprouting temperatures and PEG consistencies on germination of Fagopyrum dibotrys seeds.We mainly investigate three significant indexes,which are sprouting potentialities,sprouting rate and sprouting index.The result shows that different sprouting temperatures notablyinfluence the indexes above.Different PEG consistencies notably influence the prouting rate,but not notably influence the prouting petentialities and sprouting index.Among them the sprouting temperature of 15℃ and PEG consistency of 5% are the most desirable sprouting temperature and PEG consistency.


A tracking system based of the IMU8420 data logger has been created. This tracking system can be used to store the various movements of different types of animal's in-between the GPS signals, leading to a much more accurate representation of what the animal is undergoing at any point in time. This data can then be used to determine the behaviors of the animals, and thus new algorithms can be generated to try and mimic this behavior in robotics. The system could be applied to a swarm of animals to determine what an entire swarm is doing, and thus new swarming algorithms can be created.


Diabetes is a rapidly growing disease with 415 million affected adults worldwide. The pancreatic endocrine cells, most importantly the insulin producing β-cells, play an important role in regulatin ...


A method was proposed to analyze silicon condenser microphone using a perforated diaphragm. Different from the microphone with back-holes, the acoustic holes are made on the diaphragm, which avoids making the holes on the back plate and etching the back chamber. For the microphone with this structure, a new analysis method was proposed, which combines the microphone equivalent circuit and finite element analysis, establish a more accurate microphone equivalent circuit. On this basis, we studied the effects of diaphragm area, microphone acoustic hole and air gap on the microphone performance, which can provide the theoretical guidance for the design of microphone. Finally, the steepest descent is used to optimize the structure of the microphone. The sensitivity of the optimized structure is -41.6dB with the pull-in voltage is 12V, and the frequency response in 20Hz-20.6kHz is flat.


The current social demand for organic, sustainable, and eco-friendly approaches for farming, while ensuring the health and productivity of crops is increasing rapidly. Biocontrol agents are applied to crops to ensure biological control of plant pathogens. Research on the biological control of white root rot disease caused by a soil-borne pathogen, Rosellinia necatrix, is limited in pears compared to that in apple and avocado. This pathogenic fungus has an extensive host range, and symptoms of this disease include rotting of roots, yellowing and falling of leaves, wilting, and finally tree death. The severity of the disease caused by R. necatrix , makes it the most harmful fungal pathogen infecting the economical fruit tree species, such as pears, and is one of the main limiting factors in pear farming, with devastating effects on plant health and yield. In addition to agronomic and cultural practices, growers use chemical treatments to control the disease. However, rising public concern about environmental pollution and harmful effects of chemicals in humans and animals has facilitated the search for novel and environmentally friendly disease control methods. This review will briefly summarize the current status of biocontrol agents, ecofriendly methods, and possible approaches to control disease in pear orchards.


3-photon microscopy at the long wavelength spectral windows is well suited for deep imaging within scattering biological tissues. In vivo 3-photon imaging of neuronal structure and function deep within an intact mouse brain is presented.


Autocrine ligands are critically involved in many physiological and pathological conditions such as response to tissue injury, liver regeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Since the presence or absence of an autocrine system does not seem to dictate a normal or pathological condition, we propose that cell physiology may depend on the quantitative properties of autocrine systems. We are investigating the effect of two parameters on the spatial operation of the EGF/EGFR pair, ligand secretion rate and cell surface receptor number. The spatial operation of an autocrine system is evaluated by the probability that a ligand will be self-captured. Using three different assays, we found that above a critical value of ligand secretion rate, the probability of ligand self-capture decreases with increasing ligand secretion rate. We also find that the probability of ligand self-capture at a given secretion rate decreases with decreasing cell surface receptor number.


In this paper, the mechanical transmission and torsional vibration effect on electrical machine torque and stator current in railway traction systems is investigated. Initially, a reduced scale (1/1275) experimental set-up of the traction part is developed and instrumented based on the extrapolation of real scale parameters. Previous studies on an elementary gearbox-based electromechanical system have shown how the transmission error, the different eccentricities of the pinion and the wheel, and the teeth contact stiffness variation, influence the electrical machine torque and stator current. In this way, it will be demonstrated that the electrical machine can be considered as a sensor by itself through the electromagnetic torque estimation for torsional vibration monitoring without any extra mechanical sensor. The results of the electromagnetic torque estimation are compared with the measured mechanical torque in steady-state condition to validate the proposed technique.


The recognition in 1919 of blocks of Madison limestone (Mississippian) overlying beds of the Bridger epoch (middle Eocene) in the McCullock Peak region, 12 miles east of Cody, Wyoming, shows that the overthrust fault recognized by Dake (2) in 1916 is much more extensive than first suspected. Dake mapped the fault in a belt 30 miles long, within which the extent of overthrust was estimated at 16 miles. He also noted the existence of thrust faults along the east front of Beartooth plateau, where pre-Cambrian rocks overlie "Red Beds" (Chugwater formation) but did not assume continuity with the Heart Mountain overthrust. The residuals on McCullock Peak show that the extent of overthrust is at least 28 miles and indicate that the fault should be traceable


Emitting surface of the light-emitting element comprises the features 310, including the inclined surface having the inclination angle based on the peak direction of light output from the light-emitting element (312, 314). When the optical output indicative of a number of lobes in a different direction, the inclined surfaces 312 and 314 may have different inclination angles of the corresponding number (such as in Fig. 3b and 3c). Light material to adjacent the features - in order to minimize the injection, characterized in the adjacent portions may be located so as to avoid each other with the surface directly opposite. The features of the doctor is inclined over the exit surface may be shaped or located to provide a random distribution, a number of rough (roughening) process may be used.


tions in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Nature 407, 859–869. Spero, H. J. (1998). Life history and stable isotope geochemistry of planktonic foraminifera. In Isotope Paleobiology and Paleoecology (R. D. Norris and R. M. Corfield, Eds.), pp. 7– 36. Paleontological Society, Pittsburg, PA. Spero, H. J., and Lea, D. W. (2002). The cause of carbon isotope minimum events on glacial terminations. Science 296, 522–525. Zahn, R.,Winn, K., and Sarnthein,M. (1986). Benthic foraminiferal !C and accumulation rates of organic carbon: Uvigerina peregrina group and Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. Paleoceanography 1, 27–42.


To enable fast platform virtualisation, parts of the target applications are compiled Just-In-Time (JIT) to enable fast native execution, as opposed to interpretation. As the compilation is performed while the application is being executed, it contributes to the end-to-end runtime. To offset the compilation cost, only frequently executed (i.e. hot) code regions are compiled. Further speedups can be achieved by decoupling the application execution from the compilation sub-system. A compilation queue facilitates the transfer of code regions selected for compilation between the two sub-systems. Although several researchers pointed out the importance of policy used for scheduling the code regions in the compilation queue for the actual compilation, little research of practical policies has been done. This project explores new compilation scheduling policies. The most significant innovation is the Dynamic Heat policy. The policy schedules code regions based on the value of execution frequency (i.e. heat). This heat is dynamically derived by profiling before and after the code regions are dispatched to the compilation queue. The novel policy results in the maximum speedup of 2.14X over the state-of-the-art policies. Average speedup reaches 1.24X. The Dynamic Heat policy is further improved by two more policy iterations. Although these two policies resulted in significant speedups for some benchmarks, only marginal improvement was achieved on average. The importance of compilation scheduling policy was also evaluated. Highest policyrelated performance sensitivity was observed for benchmarks that have high percentage of time spent in the interpretation mode. Furthermore, compilation scheduling policy was determined to be a more effective mechanism for achieving speedups that increasing compilation throughput by employing more compilation workers.


Fundamental movement skills (FMS) play a crucial role in a child's motor skill development, as their mastery is related to the acquisition and mastery of specialized sport skills and to a child's general health through the prevention of weight gain and increased level of physical activity. Thus, the accurate and reliable measurement of FMS is of related importance. This article presents the results of two studies intended to assess expert-rater agreement and inter-/intrarater scoring reliability in the administration of a new observational FMS instrument, the Furtado–Gallagher Computerized Observational Movement Pattern Assessment System (FG-COMPASS). In Study 1, we found that four of the six scales that underwent modifications in a previous study yielded acceptable expert agreement, permitting their retention in the revised test, while the two remaining scales measuring side sliding and leaping yielded insufficient expert agreement, leading to their removal from the test. In Study 2, weighted kappa values reflected very good interrater agreement among three raters across two test administrations for the Locomotor and Manipulative subtests and the Total score (all skills combined). Future studies should (a) collect validity and reliability evidence for two additional skills planned for inclusion in the Locomotor subtest, (b) assess the impact of varying the number of trials given when assessing motor skill performances in life settings, and (c) test the feasibility of the web-based training tool and mobile version of the instrument.


In this work we have derived the flexure patterns of two classical Cassegrain-fed spectrographs, by cross-correlating CCD spectra. After a detailed description of the method used to derive the flexure models, emphasis is given to the fact that extreme care must be used in compensating for those flexures when high precision is sought for in wavelength calibration and radial velocity work involving instrumentation similar to that investigated here. If not fully accounted for, the flexures can introduce spurious shifts up to one hundred times the typical error of the cross-correlation technique usually used to compare the spectra. With the aid of our models it is now possible to remove most of the flexure biases from spectra taken with both spectrographs of the Asiago Astrophysical Observatory over a large fraction of the sky accessible to the telescope. This will ensure high consistency of the radial velocity measurements derived with the cross-correlation technique. A brief discussion on possible ways to monitor in real-time the flexure pattern of a telescope+spectrograph combination is also given.


In SU( N ) gauge theory, it is argued recently that there exists a "mixed anomaly" between the CP symmetry and the 1-form Z N symmetry at θ = π , and the anomaly matching requires CP to be spontaneously broken at θ = π if the system is in the confining phase. In this paper, we elaborate on this discussion by examining the large volume behavior of the partition functions of the SU( N ) / Z N theory on T 4 `a la 't Hooft. The periodicity of the partition function in θ , which is not 2 π due to fractional instanton numbers, suggests the presence of a phase transition at θ = π . We propose lattice simulations to study the distribution of the instanton number in SU( N ) / Z N theories. A characteristic shape of the distribution is predicted when the system is in the confining phase. The measure-ments of the distribution may be useful in understanding the phase structure of the theory.


- An innovative approach to traffic safety that aims to improve both the detection and prevention of traffic violations is the TVD system. This research paper gives a nitty gritty investigation of the engineering, execution, and execution assessment of the framework. The proposed method is intended to detect over speeding traffic violations by combining image processing, computer vision, and machine learning methods. The most cutting-edge deep learning algorithms are used in this system to classify vehicles and their behavior in real-time accurately. The experimental results that demonstrate the proposed system's effectiveness and efficiency in detecting traffic violations under various traffic scenarios and lighting conditions are presented in this article. The possible advantages of this framework in further developing rush hour gridlock wellbeing, decreasing auto collisions, and implementing transit regulations are examined, alongside its impediments and bearings for future improvement. In general, traffic violation detection systems have the potential to improve traffic management and safety significantly.


The invention provides a multi-object tracking method and a device driven by a characteristic trace. A device observing data module converts a physical property and a motion property of the object into data of a spectrum, a space and a time domain; a characteristic trace generating, managing, confirming and deleting module is used for forming the characteristic trace, managing, confirming and deleting the characteristic trace, and finally outputting characteristic trace information; a tracking door forming module is used for receiving the characteristic trace data and generating and outputting the data of the adjacent domains by defining adjacent domains by the characteristic trace; a filtering module is used for receiving the characteristic trace data of the characteristic trace generating, managing, confirming and deleting module, and predicting the state and position of an output object. The method provides the characteristic trace based on the physical basis of the multi-object detection and tracking, gives the physical property and the motion property of using the object in the spectrum, the space and the time domain, fuses the measuring data to generate the characteristic trace, and uses the Markov confidence of the characteristic trace to realize the multi-object tracking method with high-precision.


The New Education Policy (NEP)2020 is a comprehensive framework aimed at transforming the Indian education systems. The policy envisions a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to education, focusing on the development of students' cognitive, social, and emotional skills. However, the implementation of the policy faces several challenges, including the lack of infrastructure, shortage of trained, and inadequate funding. The Critical analysis of NEP 2020 reveals that while the policy is ambitious and well-intentioned, its implementation may face significant hurdles. The policy emphasizes the need for a student-centric approach, but the current education system remains heavily teacher-driven. Moreover, the NEP proposes significant changes in the curriculum, but the lack of trained teachers and infrastructure to support new methodologies may hinder its implementation. The NEP 2020 also aims to promote the use of technology in education, but the digital divide in the country may limit its effectiveness. Additionally, the policy envisions a significant shift towards vocational educations, but it is unclear how this will be implemented, given the current shortage of skilled trainers and resources. Overall, the NEP 2020 is a step in the right direction towards transforming the Indian education system. However, its success will depend on governments ability to address the challenges of implementation, including funding, infrastructure, teacher training and the digital divide.


............................................................................................................................ I OPSOMMING ............................................................................................................................ II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... III LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ VIII LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... IX CHAPTER 1: NATURE AND SCOPE OF STUDY ..................................................................... 1 1.


Background There is considerable variation in the type of information used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) observational studies. This, in turn, makes collaborative RA observational research challenging. As part of a larger initiative (EULAR Task Force) a step-wise approach was designed in order to achieve a consensus on a standardized minimum core dataset (MCD) with items (i.e. "what to collect") and instruments (i.e. "how to collect"). Objectives To undertake a literature review designed to construct a comprehensive list of items and instruments currently collected across observational RA studies in Europe. This will ultimately inform the development of a MCD for collaborative RA research. Methods A hierarchical literature review of published articles that were I) observational cohorts or registers II) including RA patients and III) were initiated in Europe, was performed. Results were compared and cross-checked with EULAR recommendations for data reporting in RA clinical trials and trial extension studies for management of RA, The EULAR outcome measures library (OML) and the results of an initial survey undertaken by our group1. The latter was a web-survey involving a smaller sample of RA registers and clinical cohorts. The current literature review expanded to involve all existing RA registers and cohorts in published literature. From the literature, information of what is collected (item) and how (instrument) was extracted and the frequency of data collection was calculated. Results Published articles from 67 different European RA registers and cohorts were included. The number of patients recruited in each register ranged from 130 to more than 50,000. A total of 40 different items were identified comprising >100 different instruments Most studies included a measure of disease duration, disease activity, current DMARD use or physical function although the choice of instrument within each item varied widely in many cases (table 1). For example, 8 different composite scores of disease activity are being captured. Relative agreement on specific items did not always, however, entail agreement in terms of instruments.Table 1. Commonly captured items in the literature, their frequency and the number of different instruments (i.e. how) used to collect the information Item Frequency of collection Number of instruments Age 67/67 (100%) 1 Gender 67/67 (100%) 1 Current DMARD 63/67 (94%) 7 Disease Duration 62/67 (93%) 1 Composite Score of Disease Activity 61/67 (91%) 8 Serology 60/67 (90%) 4 Tender Joint Count 58/67 (87%) 5 Swollen Joint Count 58/67 (87%) 5 Acute phase reactants 58/67 (87%) 2 Physical Function 55/67 (81%) 5 Steroids 53/76 (79%) 5 Patient Global 52/67 (78%) 6 Pain 48/67 (72%) 4 Conclusions Information captured in registers is heterogeneous. The frequency of collection of items and instruments informed voting in the first face-to-face meeting, alongside the expert panel survey. References Radner H. el al. Consistency and utility of data items across European rheumatoid arthritis clinical cohorts and registers. Arthritis Care Res 2015 Disclosure of Interest None declared


Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) attract attention as inexpensive and robust motors that do not use rare earth materials. However, the vibration and acoustic noise of SRMs are greater than those of other motors. In addition, control is difficult due to the nonlinearity of the inductance depending on the motor shape and rotor angle. The authors proposed a control method to suppress torque ripple and radial force ripple in SRMs driven with vector control. Maps of the torque and radial force ripple ratio were created and evaluated by varying the gains KT and KFr for suppressing the torque and radial force ripples, respectively. In this paper, the characteristics are evaluated by using three evaluation functions, torque ripple ratio, radial force ripple ratio, and the sum of those when the torque command $T^{\ast}$ is varied from 1 to 2 N and the rotation speed N is varied from 300 to $2000\min ^{-1}$. From the experimental results, changes in each ripple ratio map were observed due to changes in the rotation speed. This is because the followability to the command value of the current deteriorates at the time of high speed. These maps show that the torque and radial force ripples can be flexibly adjusted by appropriately selecting the two gains KT and KFr.


Pitch angle control is considered as a practical technique for power regulation above the rated wind speed. As conventional pitch control commonly the proportional–integral controller is used. However, the proportional–integral type may well not have suitable performance if the controlled system contains nonlinearities as the wind turbine system or the desired wind trajectory varied with higher frequency. In the presence of modeling uncertainties, the necessity of methods presenting controllers with appropriate performance as the advanced control strategies is inevitable. The pitch angle based on fuzzy logic is proposed in this work. We are interested to the development of a wind energy conversion system based on permanent magnet synchronous generator. The fuzzy logic controller is effective to compensate the nonlinear characteristics of the pitch angle to the wind speed. The design of the proposed strategy and its comparison with a conventional proportional–integral controller are carried out. The proposed method effectiveness is verified using MATLAB simulation results.


In Joshua Oppenheimer's 'The Act of Killing', the perpetrators of the massacres of millions of alleged communists in mid-1960s Indonesia re-enact their crimes-with extraordinary results.


The processus vaginalis (PV) is a peritoneal diverticulum which forms to allow descent of the fetal testis to the scrotum. During human development fusion and obliteration of the PV often fails to occur with the result that inguinal hernias are the most prevalent congenital abnormality requiring surgery in childhood. Androgen is proposed to regulate testicular descent via the genitofemoral nerve which releases the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). It is possible that subsequent fusion of the PV and tissue remodelling following descent is indirectly controlled by androgen via CGRP action. An organ culture assay was developed to assess fusion of the PV taken from inguinal herniotomy in infants. Fusion was induced in vitro by CGRP but not by CGRP 8–37, CGRP 27–37 or dihydrotestosterone in equimolar concentrations. Fusion was accompanied by transformation of the epithelium, as shown by staining of intermediate filament proteins, cytokeratin and vimentin. Localization studies for CGRP receptors on 25 specimens indicated CGRP acts on mesenchymal fibroblasts but not directly on PV epithelium suggesting an indirect pathway. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor was found to induce fusion of PV and may be involved as an intermediate molecule in the fusion cascade. This study represents the first approach to understanding the humoral control and underlying mechanism by which the PV fuses.


Natural human hair was modified by the graft polymerization of propylene sulfide in an aqueous medium. The amount of the polymer grafted onto the reduced hair was 0.15–0.19 g on 1.0 g of hair. The grafted polymer was isolated by the hydrolysis of the hair in the polymer-grafted hair under basic conditions and was confirmed to be poly(propylene sulfide) by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The number-average molecular weights of the isolated polymers from the grafted products were 10,000–12,000. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3778–3786, 2006


As you consider appropriations for Fiscal Year (FY) 2023, the undersigned 288 national, state, and local medical, public health, and research organizations write to ask you to provide $35 million for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and $25 million for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to conduct public health research into firearm morbidity and mortality prevention. We also encourage Congress to explore opportunities for building out and further supporting this research at all other appropriate agencies, to ensure that federally funded research can explore the full scope of this public health issue. A recent, rigorous report estimated that the federal government will need to spend approximately $100 million per year to fully fund a comprehensive research agenda on reducing gun violence.


39 Introduction 41 Subjects and Methods 43 Results 46 Discussion 48 References 62 vi Study II: Influence of home food availability on food consumption and obesity in US youth, aged 6-19 Abstract 69 Introduction 71 Subjects and Methods 73 Results 77 Discussion 79 References 88 Study III: Relation of obesity with blood lipid levels in US youth, aged 6-19 Abstract 94 Introduction 96 Subjects and Methods 98 Results 101 Discussion 104 References 111


To conduct a systematic review of phenotypic definition and case ascertainment in published genetic studies of cerebral palsy (CP) to inform guidelines for the reporting of such studies.


Norton, in the preceding comment ("The Male Supremacist Complex: Discovery or Invention?") makes the following charges about Divale and Harris (1976): (1) they discarded census data from earlier publications which did not support their argument, and (2) "the lumping together of discrete populations to derive average sex ratio data is questionable as it does not reflect the great variety of sex ratios actually found in the censuses." From these she concludes "that Divale and Harris' male


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thesis of current scholarship on the critical year of 1943 in the European theater of World War II. Citino also adds further depth to his German way of war theory and convincingly shows that the Allies had succeeded in countering it. The work also offers the broader conclusion that military history ought to devote more attention to the systems and structures involved and particularly to the influence of culture on the conduct of war. While this certainly is not an original idea, Citino's The Wehrmacht Retreats shows that in spite—or perhaps because—of the mountain of books on World War II, reassessment of accepted views and methodologies is often necessary and, as in this instance, can be quite fruitful at providing a broader and more nuanced understanding of familiar events.


Focusing on the modes of supply of Austrian services firms, this paper provides new insights into the determining factors of the decision of firms to serve foreign markets through crossborder exports and foreign affiliate sales in the case of multiple destination markets. Using a comprehensive firm-level data set on services transactions to 40 host markets from the Austrian National Bank we show that the optimal mode of service supply differs across firm and destination market characteristics and are robust to a variety of specifications. The results support the theoretical predictions by Bhattacharya et al. (2012) indicating a reversed impact of productivity in the internationalization choice for services firms. While higher levels of productivity increase the probability of a firm to serve a particular market through crossborder exports, the impact on the affiliate sales mode is negative. In addition, we find that services firms are more likely to operate a foreign affiliate in less developed countries, while distance in geographical terms exerts a stronger detrimental impact on cross-border supply. Given the specific feature of services trade, our results also suggest that the two strategies of delivering services internationally are interrelated.


The high frequency of geological disaster in Lijiang region is typical in the tourist cities of Northwest Yunnan.The application of remote sensing technique to the study of geological disaster probability in Lijiang region can make a breakthrough in the traditional method,has macroscopic,comprehensive,direct,rapid characteristics and effective results.


Global and national agenda for quality education led to reform in Papua New Guinea (PNG) based on the provision of quality basic education. "Education for All" (EFA) is a worldwide emphasis on the review and restructure of existing curriculum and teacher training programs to provide quality education and quality life. The provision of quality education is seen as an investment in developing countries including PNG. Quality education is facilitated through structural and curriculum reform, and teacher education programs. One such influence on quality education in teacher education relates to perspectives of teaching. Existing research shows teachers' beliefs and perceptions of teaching influence their practice (Kember & Kwan, 2000; Prosser & Trigwell, 2004). However, there is no research focusing on perspectives of teaching for elementary education in PNG.
This single exploratory case study (Yin, 2009) investigated the perspectives of teaching of eighteen elementary teacher trainers and their five mentors in the context of an Australian university Bachelor of Early Childhood (in teacher education) degree programme. The study drew on an interpretivist paradigm to analyse journals, semi-structured interviews and course planning documents using a thematic approach to data analysis (Braun & Clark, 2006).
The findings revealed that participants held perspectives of teaching related to teaching children and teaching adults. The perspective of teaching children described by the trainers and mentors was learning-centred (the focus is on what the teacher does); while the perspective of teaching adults was both learning-centred and learner-centred (the focus is on what the learner does). The learning-centred perspective is at odds with the learner-centred perspective espoused in the PNG reform. The perspectives of teaching adults reflected a culturally nuanced view; providing insights about how teaching and learning are understood in different sociocultural contexts. Based on these findings, the study proposes a perspective of teaching for elementary education in PNG known as culturally connected teaching. This perspective enables the co-existence of both the learning-centred and learner-centred perspectives of teaching in the PNG cultural context. This perspective has implications for teacher training and the communities involved in elementary education.


Objective To probe into the influence of "Huangzhu Qingnao Granule" on cholecystokinin(CCK) in the rats with cerebral hemorrhage of phlegm heat in the bowels.Methods Sixty rats were randomized into six groups,10 rats in each group.Cerebral hemorrhage of phlegm heat in the bowels was duplicated by injecting collagenase Ⅶ with heparin and gastric gavage of rats' excrement and urine.The rats' symptoms and nerve signs were observed,and the content of plasma CCK was detected.Results "Huangzhu Qingnao Granule" could obviously relieve the rats' symptoms and nerve signs,and reduce the content of CCK;and high-dose "Huangzhu Qingnao Granule" worked better than "Qingkailing Granule"(P0.05).Conclusion The content of CCK has positive correlation with cerebral hemorrhage,and "Huangzhu Qingnao Granule" can relieve rats' symptoms and signs and reduce the content of CCK to treat cerebral hemorrhage.


A broadband class-F power amplifier for multiband LTE handsets applications is developed across 2.3-2.7 GHz.The power amplifier maintains constant fundamental impedance at the output matching circuit which is operating for broadband.The nearly zero of second harmonic impedance and nearly infinity of third harmonic impedance are found for highly efficient class-F PA.The harmonic control circuits are immersed into the broadband output matching for fundamental frequency.For demonstration,the PA is implemented in InGaP/GaAs HBT process,and tested across the frequency range of 2.3-2.7 GHz using a long-term evolution signal.The presented PA delivers good performance of high efficiency and high linearity,which shows that the broadband class-F PA supports the multiband LTE handsets applications.


This paper describes an interactive system for two performers, collaboratively developed and demonstrated by the authors. The physical relationships within the system are fairly simple: a disklavier piano is connected to a computer via MIDI. Both performers are capable of playing the piano, one from the keyboard and the other from the computer. Custom software allows the computer performer to selectively record, reformulate, and play back material introduced by the pianist. This paper discusses the hardware and software that make up the system, and the compositional and performative strategies inherent in the design that influence the outcome of a particular performance.


A comparator-based switched-capacitor (CBSC) integrator is presented. In contrast to an opamp-based switched-capacitor (OBSC) circuit, a comparator-based switched-capacitor circuit needs an extra circuit to control the charge flow in the charge transfer phase. A new charge control circuit is proposed to control the charge transfer phase of a CBSC integrator. In comparison to the existing charge control scheme, the proposed charge control scheme makes the output settling faster.


Background: MRI with its functional imaging techniques including dynamic study is a powerful tool in detection of tumor viability and complications after trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study found that dynamic study is the gold standard in detection of the recurrent lesions. Well defined nodular enhancement, thick irregular marginal enhancement or gross enlargement of the lesion with arterial phase enhancement and contrast wash out were considered positive for malignancy, while ill-defined persistent enhancement or well defined rim marginal enhancement are considered as benign post interventional changes. Objective: The purpose of this study is to emphasis the role of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in follow-up of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization. Patients and Methods: Twenty five patients with HCC underwent chemoembolization were included in this study. Follow-up by dynamic MRI and diffusion imaging was done at different time intervals. We classified the patients into resolved "benign" group and unresolved "malignant" group. We assessed and classified our patients according to morphological changes (size and signal intensity at T1, T2 and diffusion weighted images), quantitative diffusion analysis (ADC measurement), enhancement pattern in the dynamic study and the presence of complications. Results: Dynamic MRI study had a sensitivity of 90.5%, a specificity of 96.6%, a positive predictive value of 95%, a negative predictive value of 93.3% and an overall agreement of 94%. Conclusion: MRI is a powerful tool in detection of tumor viability and complications after trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Imaging protocol should include dynamic study combined with diffusion imaging with post processing of the images to obtain subtracted images, color mapping and ADC measurements for better tissue characterization and should be performed at regular time intervals. Correspondence to: Dr. Ahmad S. Awad, The Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University


Climate change is one of the significant factors influencing global species redistribution. As a result, a better understanding of the species' possible range change in future climate conditions is needed. Therefore, this study compiles global geographic occurrence data of a wild olive sub-species, Olea europaea subsp. cuspidate, and projected potential distribution models in current and future climate scenarios. This study using ensemble modeling predicted that the species will undergo a significant decrease in habitat suitability under future climatic conditions with a contraction ranging from ca. 41 and 42% under RCP4.5 2050 and to about 56 and 61% under RCP8.5 2070 for committee averaging and weighted mean, respectively. More specifically, there will be a decrease in habitat suitability in regions of the southeastern part of the United States in North America; coastal regions in South America; coastal regions in the majority of eastern Africa; coastal parts of Spain, France, Italy, and Greece in Europe; coastal parts of Yemen and Saudi Arabia; the southeastern parts of Pakistan and the southern part of China in Asia; and southwestern and eastern parts of Australia when compared to current habitat suitability. The results of this ensemble modeling could be extremely valuable in identifying cultivation hotspots for the effective restoration and protection of this olive lineage under future climatic conditions.


Recently, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) limits and test methods for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Shuttle Program (SSP) were revised to incorporate portions of MIL-STD-461E. Use of commercial off the shelf (COTS) equipment is becoming the preferred solution for equipment integration whenever practicable. NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) engineers recommended a commercial 3-meter chamber as an optimal solution for EMI test and flight certification that would best serve the needs of the Program over the next decade. This paper discusses that recommendation and its background, together with other issues associated with the technical specification and installation of such a chamber.


A prototype of a Palm Pilot based pocket ECG recorder has been developed. This device consists of a custom designed ECG acquisition module and a Palm Pilot running PalmECG, a custom designed software. Standard three-lead ECG signals (Leads I, II, III) are recorded and displayed in real time on the Palm Pilot's screen. The device also records the patient's information, the start and stop time of the recording. The recorded ECG data can be replayed, and sent to a doctor by email or transmitted to a host PC or Palm device via IR beaming. After improvement, this pocket device could be used at home for remote monitoring or in the field by doctors. It may also be used as a patient activated ambulatory ECG for diagnostic evaluation of transient cardiac symptoms such as dizziness, and chest pain.


Deep learning methods have found increasing interest in recent years because of their wide applicability for prediction and inference in numerous disciplines such as image recognition, natural language processing, and speech recognition. Computational biology is a data-intensive field in which the types of data can be very diverse. These different types of structured data require different neural architectures. The problems of gene expression and protein function prediction are related areas in computational biology (since genes control the production of proteins). This survey provides an overview of the various types of problems in this domain and the neural architectures that work for these data sets. Since deep learning is a new field compared to traditional machine learning, much of the work in this area corresponds to traditional machine learning rather than deep learning. However, as the sizes of protein and gene expression data sets continue to grow, the possibility of using data-hungry deep learning methods continues to increase. Indeed, the previous five years have seen a sudden increase in deep learning models, although some areas of protein analytics and gene expression still remain relatively unexplored. Therefore, aside from the survey on the deep learning work directly related to these problems, we also point out existing deep learning work from other domains that has the potential to be applied to these domains.


The extended mind thesis (in brief, EMT) does not reserve a position for inner representations, which certainly play a substantive role in the making of human mind, however. It is, as a consequence, hard to conceive of perception as extended. The present paper, as a complement to EMT, argues that perceptual processes are extended, and so is perceptual content. The argument proceeds with three reasons. Firstly, perceptual content is action-oriented, supporting perceptual-motor coordination. Secondly, the spatial structure of perceptual content is set externally. Finally, active perception manifests the interactive and selective nature of perception. This complementary work provides a ground for rebutting two recent criticisms and a claimed corollary of EMT.