Learning English involves the mastery of four language skills. They are listening, reading, writing and speaking. Beside it, the learners must learn about the structure of the sentence (grammar), because without these structures it is difficult to make comprehensible sentences. In this research, the researcher used Tic Tac Toe game to improve students' understanding on simple past tense. The researcher focused on simple past tense because most of students cannot distinguish simple past and simple present in sentence. The researcher used game because every one likes game. Game also one of teaching techniques to solve students' boredom when teaching and learning process. The objectives of the study are:
1. To describe the implementation of Tic Tac Toe game to improve students' understanding on simple past tense.
2. To find out the improvement of students' understanding on simple past tense by using Tic Tac Toe game.
 The subjects of this study were the students of VIII C of MTs Nahjatus Sholihin Kragan Rembang in the academic year of 2010/2011. The number of the subjects was 36 students. This research is a classroom action research. It was done through three cycles. The researcher used documentation, test and observation to collect the data. The researcher used descriptive quantitative to analyze the data. Statistic analysis is used to analyze the data about the result of observation and the result of test on simple past tense.
Result of the study showed that by using Tic Tac Toe game in teaching simple past tense at the eighth grade of MTs Nahjatus Sholihin in The Academic Year of 2010/2011 can improve students' understanding on it. This successfulness can be seen from the result of students' average score and good responses by students. The result after getting all of the treatment using Tic Tac Toe game, the students' average score increased in line with the increase of the students' achievement in each cycle. Students' average score from the pre cycle was 5.83, first cycle was 7.58, second cycle was 7.88, and the third cycle was 8,66.
Finally the result of this research showed that students' understanding improved in each cycle after they were taught using Tic Tac Toe game. It was signed by their improvements of each result test.


In this work we conduct optical modeling of a perovskite based p-i-n junction thin film photovoltaic cell. The model is based on the Transmission line theory and provides the means for fast and accurate optimization.


n this tutorial we introduce basic concepts behind the Visualization Toolkit (VTK). An overview of the system, plus some detailed examples, will assist you in learning this system. The tutorial targets researchers of any discipline who have 2D or 3D data and want more control over the visualization process than a turn-key system can provide. It also assists developers who would like to incorporate VTK into an application as a visualization or data processing engine. Although this tutorial can only provide an introduction to this extensive toolkit, we've provided references to additional material. What is VTK? VTK 1 is an open-source (see the sidebar " Open Source Breakout "), portable (WinTel/Unix), object-oriented software system for 3D computer graphics, visu-alization, and image processing. Implemented in C++, VTK also supports Tcl, Python, and Java language bindings , permitting complex applications, rapid application prototyping, and simple scripts. Although VTK doesn't provide any user interface components, it can be integrated with existing widget sets such as Tk or X/Motif. VTK provides a variety of data representations including unorganized point sets, polygonal data, images, volumes , and structured, rectilinear, and unstructured grids. VTK comes with readers/importers and writ-ers/exporters to exchange data with other applications. Hundreds of data processing filters are available to operate on these data, ranging from image convolution to Delaunay triangulation. VTK's rendering model supports 2D, polygonal, volumetric, and texture-based approaches that can be used in any combination. VTK is one of several visualization systems available today. AVS 2 was one of the first commercial systems available. IBM's Data Explorer (DX), 3 originally a commercial product, is now open source and known as OpenDX. NAG Explorer 4 and Template Graphics Amira (see http://www.tgs.com/Amira/index.html) are other well-known commercial systems. VTK is a general-purpose system used in a variety of applications, as seen in Figure 1. Because VTK is open source, faculty at many universities—including Rens-Brigham and Women's Hospital use VTK to teach courses and as a research tool. National labs such as Los Alam-os are adapting VTK to large-scale parallel processing. Commercial firms are building proprietary applications on top of the open-source foundation, including medical visualization, volume visualization, oil exploration, acoustics, fluid mechanics, finite element analysis, and surface reconstruction from laser-digitized, unorganized point-clouds. Since that time a sizable community has grown up around the software, including dozens of others as developers, often submitting bug fixes or full-blown class implementations. These community efforts have helped …


: Intrinsic stability and rheological properties of apple juice foams for foam mat drying were studied. Foams were prepared from clarified apple juice by adding various concentrations of 2 foaming agents of different nature: a protein (egg white at 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% w/w) and a polysaccharide (methylcellulose at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% w/w), and whipping at different times (3, 5, and 7 min). In general, egg white foams were less stable but showed a higher degree of solidity (stronger structures), higher foaming capacity, and smaller bubble average diameter than methylcellulose foams. Foam stability increased with increasing concentrations of either methylcellulose or egg white. Increasing whipping times increased the stability of egg white foams only. Stability parameters (maximum drainage and drainage half-time) were correlated in terms of rheological parameters of the continuous phase (consistency index and apparent viscosity at 30/s, respectively). The correlations (R2= 0.766 and 0.951, respectively) were considered acceptable because they were independent of whipping time and foaming agent nature and concentration. Results on foam rheology obtained by dynamic and vane tests were in agreement, but the latter method was more sensitive. Optimal concentrations to obtain the most solid foams (0.2% methylcellulose and 2% to 3% egg white, respectively) were the same concentrations required for maximum foaming capacity. Based on this observation and previous models, an empirical expression was proposed to predict the degree of solidity (in terms of inverse phase angle and yield stress) only as a function of foam structural properties (air volume fraction and average bubble size). The model proved to be satisfactory to fit experimental results (R2= 0.848 and 0.975, respectively), independently of whipping time, foaming agent nature and concentration.


Abstract The Book of Revelation focuses on modern dancer Daniel's (Tom Long) abduction by three masked women. As its biblical title suggests, Daniel experiences a personal apocalypse: he is chained naked to a floor, raped and, on release, embarks on a violent quest to find his attackers. In this article, we discuss the film as the site of two distinct, but interwoven re-imaginings. First, we discuss the film as a re-imagining of the rape-revenge genre through its reversal of gendered norms: its replacement of a female rape victim with a male, and male perpetrators with females. Second, drawing on Sara Ahmed's interdisciplinary notion of Queer Phenomenology, we examine the implications of this gendered shift in terms of its depiction of the experience of rape. We argue that the film's focus on the vulnerable heterosexual male body and its privileging of spatial relations presents rape as a trauma of disorientation in which the victim is unable to reassert control, to achieve stability, even after release. Ultimately, we argue that the film can be read as a critique of its own genre and an intervention into ways of understanding the experience of rape.


Preface iii Preface This master thesis is the result of my research performed at the Delft University of Technology at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences within the scope of my graduation project. I would like to thank the members of my graduation committee for their support, advice and enthusiasm to complete this graduation work. Especially I would like to thank ir. G. Klopman for sharing his knowledge, direct support and enthusiasm. I would also like to thank all the people of the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory for the pleasant time and showing their interest. Especially I would like to thank M. van de Meer for his assistance during the experiments.


Rheological beliavior of orange juico was deteri-ni-ned over a wide variation of temperatura (30'- 70 'C) and concentration (20'- 65'Brix). The data was fitted in the rficological niodels of Ostwald-de Waele and Mizhari-Bork in ordor to obtain equations that explain tlio influence of temperatura and concentration in the parameters of these models. The purpose was to have these generic equations that predict the flow of orange juice in conditions existing inside orange juico evapo-rators and can be used in enginecring calculations and control systems. RESUMEN


One important aspect that is needed in the face of the current industrial 4.0 era is how to interest entrepreneurs can thrive, especially in the younger generation. Vocational High School (SMK) as an educational institution is a very strategic place to instill entrepreneurial spirit. Planting the spirit of entrepreneurship to be more effective must be done through all subjects. The subjects of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Ethics (Budi Pekerti) are one of the compulsory subjects in Vocational School and should also contribute to instilling the entrepreneurial spirit. The form of contribution from Islamic Religious Education is in the way of non-technical skills that are strictly related to attitudes and behavior or character that must be possessed by an entrepreneur or in other words Islamic Religious Education contributes to instilling the spirit or spirit of entrepreneurial spirit in students. The cultivation of entrepreneurial spirit is not necessary by adding new material but can be integrated with PAI and Ethics learning material that already exists in the curriculum. The PAI teachers are an essential and central component in determining success in integrating PAI and Ethics character subjects with the entrepreneurial world. Therefore, the PAI teachers need to have adequate insight into entrepreneurship and create a conducive learning atmosphere to instill an entrepreneurial spirit in students.


It indicated for the cutting device for an electric shaver. Wherein the cutting element is constituted by a maraging or precipitation hardening stainless steel is surface hardened by plasma nitriding. Cutting element is hardened on the entire surface of the blade in the plasma nitriding treatment, cured layer by plasma nitriding has an upper layer of nitrogen supersaturation of the steel, a diffusion layer adjacent to the upper layer, the hardness of the upper layer having a hardness range of up to hardness before the steel is hardened by plasma nitriding. Further, as shown also a method of fabricating an electrical shaver having at least one of the above cutting device, and a cutting element.


Monoclinic and tetragonal (Zr, Ti)O2 solid solutions coexist stably with rutile at 1,080•Ž. There is a very large difference in the partition of the TiO2 component between tetragonal and monoclinic solid solutions . The small solubility of Ti02 component in the monoclinic modification is explained by the distorted crystal structure .


Two pairs of constitutional isomers of fused-octacyclic nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) based on a naphthalene-bisthienothiophene core with or without fluorination at the ending groups have been deve...


The paper discusses development economics, The paper critiques it, It concludes by indicating those portions that are "salvageable" for positive analysis . Development economics i s concerned with the efficient allocation of resources in poor societies. It is distinctive in its stress on the temporal property of economies and in its concern with the making of efficient allocations over time, Within "conventional" economics, it is also distinguished by the stress it places on the role of the public sector. As a social science, development economics makes several assumptions, each which is seriously of and the of The paper concludes by illustrating the importance of these tools for research in anthropology.


this study was to investigate the perception gap on nursing service between consumers and providers. Method: the questionnaire founded on the SERVQUAL was developed and distributed to 300 patients and 210 nurses at the three subjected general hospitals in three provincial city, Korea during February...


Introduction The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of occupation-based postural stability training on occupational performance and postural stability in visually impaired individuals. Method The research was designed as pre-test/post-test, with two groups (study group and control group). A total of 34 individuals with visual impairment were randomly assigned to the two groups. Participants were evaluated using a sociodemographic information form, the Biodex Balance System for postural stability, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measurement for assessing performance and satisfaction of occupations and the semi-structured interview form. The control group received only postural stability training with the Biodex Balance System and the study group received individualised occupation-based postural stability training with the Biodex Balance System BBS during a 12-week intervention (24 sessions). Results A statistically significant difference was found between the postural stability values of the study group and the control group when looking at pre and post-training measurements (p < 0.05). It was observed that there was an improvement in the postural stability of the participants in both groups. There was a statistically significant increase in the occupational performance and satisfaction of participants in the study group (p < 0.01). Conclusion Adding person-centred, meaningful and purposeful occupations into rehabilitation programmes that use technological devices increases functionality in activities of daily living.


Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are common rhizosphere organisms that are associated with plant roots, improving nutrient absorption and stimulating their growth. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of three AMF species (Gigaspora margarita, Glomus clarum e Glomus etunicatum) on the vegetative growth, nutrients absorption and carbohidrate accumulation on peach rootstocks cv. Okinawa (Prunus persica). The experimental desing was the one of randomized blocks, four plots per treatment and fifteen plants per plot. Plants inoculated with G. etunicatum presented larger stem height, stem diameter, foliar area, fresh and dry shoot biomass, total of nutrients absorbed and carbohidrate accumulated, while those inoculated with G. clarum induced an intermediate growth, higher to those inoculated with G. margarita that presented results similar to the non inoculated plants. Plant growth performance was related to colonization taxes, which were, respectively, 93%, 91% and 37% to G. etunicatum, G. clarum and G. margarita inoculated plants respectively.


LINAC4 [1] is part of the CERN LHC injector chain upgrade and will accelerate H ions from 45 keV to 160 MeV. A movable diagnostics test bench will be used to adjust the machine parameters during different stages of installation. One of the main instruments on this movable bench is a transverse emittance meter. Given the beam properties at 3 MeV and 12 MeV, the slit-grid system already developed for the measurements of the transverse emittance of the 45 keV H source will not be suitable, mainly due to the high thermal load on the steel slit already with a single LINAC4 pulse. For this reason a new slit has been designed based on analytical and numerical simulations for different materials and geometries. The energy deposition patterns for the different cases have been simulated using FLUKA [2] and will be presented in detail. In addition, the choice of wires for the SEM grid will be discussed, in terms of material, diameter and spacing required, to achieve the required measurement accuracy.


This paper deals with braking process and stopping beam and crank press actuator in safe position under unexpected double travel of presser. Movement of beam and crank mechanism is described by LaGrange equation of the second order. In order to resolve the problem and to define braking angle, all the parameters that influence change of system's moment of inertia have been taken into account.


The in-vitro activity of ceftizoxime against anaerobic bacteria, especially Bacteroides fragilis, is reviewed, based on our own experience as well as on other sources. In-vitro data on ceftizoxime and other cephalosporins and related /?-lactam antibiotics against more than 500 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria (as determined by the NCCLS reference method) were compared at Vancouver General Hospital. Ceftizoxime exhibited excellent in-vitro activity against all anaerobes, including Bact. fragilis, when tested by the NCCLS reference method, and was comparable in activity to cefoxitin and cefotaxime. However, marked variation in susceptibility results was noted against Bact. fragilis and the Bact. fragilis group, primarily related to the size of inoculum and type of media utilized in the different studies. With the supplemented brucella agar technique, ceftizoxime was distinctly less active against the Bact. fragilis group. These data underscore the importance of standardized techniques for in-vitro susceptibility testing of anaerobes. Further in-vitro and clinical studies are clearly indicated.


The annual mean sea level of 13 tide gauge stations along the Pacific Coast of Mexico and Central America was examined for evidence of vertical crustal deformation changes that could have been associated with earthquakes along this coast. Only one coseismic change was identified in the annual mean sea level data. It occurred at Acapulco, Mexico, during the May 11 (M/sub s/ = 7.0) and May 19 (M/sub s/ = 7.2) 1962 earthquakes. The crustal uplift was about 22 cm, estimated from the difference of the 10 year sea level means before and after the events. Tsunami accounts along this coast were examined for the period 1732 to 1973. Out of 26 local tsunamis that were reported during that period, 9 were caused by earthquakes with teleseismic hypocenters which were located well inland. The source parameters, seismic moment, and rupture dimensions of the May 11 Acapulco earthquake were determined from spectral analysis of body waves and surface waves. A further constraint on the source parameters was furnished by the coseismic uplift recorded at the Acapulco tide gauge and the surface deformation at that port was modelled using the static theory of dislocations in an elastic half space. By using thismore » combined set of data it was found that the source location, depth and the fault dimensions were improved with respect to models derived from seismic data alone.« less


We present Integral Field Unit GMOS–IFU data of the compact H ii galaxy UM 408, obtained at the Gemini South telescope, in order to derive the spatial distribution of emission lines and line ratios, kinematics, plasma parameters, and oxygen abundances as well the integrated properties over an area of 3″×4.″4 equivalent with ∼750 pc × 1100 pc located in the central part of the galaxy. The starburst in this area is resolved into two giant regions of about 1.″5 and 1″ (∼375 and ∼250 pc) diameter, respectively and separated 1.5–2″ (∼500 pc). The extinction distribution concentrate its highest values close but not coincident with the maxima of Hα emission around each one of the detected regions. This indicates that the dust has been displaced from the exciting clusters by the action of their stellar winds. The ages of these two regions, estimated using Hβ equivalent widths, suggest that they are coeval events of ∼5 Myr with stellar masses of ∼104 M☉. We have also used [O iii]/Hβ and [S ii]/Hα ratio maps to explore the excitation mechanisms in this galaxy. Comparing the data points with theoretical diagnostic models, we found that all of them are consistent with excitation by photoionization by massive stars. The Hα emission line was used to measure the radial velocity and velocity dispersion. The heliocentric radial velocity shows an apparent systemic motion where the east part of the galaxy is blueshifted, while the west part is redshifted, with a relative motion of ∼10 km s−1. The velocity dispersion map shows supersonic values typical for extragalactic H ii regions. We derived an integrated oxygen abundance of 12+log(O/H) = 7.87 summing over all spaxels in our field of view. An average value of 12+log(O/H) = 7.77 and a difference of Δ(O/H) = 0.47 between the minimum and maximum values (7.58 ± 0.06–8.05 ± 0.04) were found, considering all data points where the oxygen abundance was measured. The spatial distribution of oxygen abundance does not show any significant gradient across the galaxy. On the other hand, the bulk of data points are lying in a region of ±2σ dispersion (with σ = 0.1 dex) around the average value, confirming that this compact H ii galaxy, like other previously studied dwarf irregular galaxies, is chemically homogeneous. Therefore, the new metals processed and injected by the current star formation episode are possibly not observed and reside in the hot gas phase, whereas the metals from previous events are well mixed and homogeneously distributed through the whole extent of the galaxy.


The nonlinear subharmonic resonance of an orthotropic rectangular laminated composite plate is studied. Based on the theory of high-order shear laminates, von Karman's geometric relation for the large deformation of plates, and Hamilton's principle, the nonlinear dynamic equations of a rectangular, orthotropic composite laminated plate subjected to the transverse harmonic excitation are established. According to the displacement boundary conditions, the modal functions that satisfy the boundary conditions of the rectangular plate are selected. The two-degree-of-freedom ordinary differential equations that describe the vibration of the rectangular plate are obtained by the Galerkin method. The multiscale method is used to obtain an approximate solution to the resonance problem. Both the amplitude-frequency equation and the average equations in the Cartesian coordinate form are obtained. The amplitude-frequency curves, bifurcation diagrams, phase diagrams, and time history diagrams of the rectangular plate under different parameters are obtained numerically. The influence of relevant parameters, such as excitation amplitude, tuning parameter, and damping coefficient, on the nonlinear dynamic response of the system is analyzed.


Writing – of any type – is a highly complex system of visual communication,
but it is by no means the only such system in societies that make use of it. It is always
accompanied by other graphic codes, some of which present striking resemblances
to writing. The interchange between these codes (including the exchange of systemic
features and of graphic morphology) is fascinating. Examples of such interchange can
be seen in Ancient Egyptian marking systems as related to hieroglyphic and cursive
writing1.


—This research aimed to describe character education, implementation of character education, and the results of character education during the COVID-19 epidemic. The methodology used in this research is qualitative with descriptive approach. The results of the analysis show that character education is needed both at school and home, integrating character education with home based learning, the results of character education can be seen from the willingness of students to help their parent's works at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a positive response from parents regarding character education provided by teachers even though online learning, collaboration between school and parents is the key to the success of this character education. So in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, which requires students to learn from home, character education can continue.


Although Tax Credit changes were accepted in the House of Commons, the failure of the Lords to approve this motion has created some interesting paradoxes. Sagar S Deva and Christopher Kirkland write that rather than suggesting politically-motivated and short-termist changes to affect the passage of legislation, a longer term appreciation of proposed changes is required to reach a modern workable constitutional settlement.


The growth, development and aims of the Australian Rhododendron Society are discussed. The various initiatives taken by the study group for the development of Australian flowers and the National Rhododendron Gardens are also analysed.


I argue that much of what researchers have been measuring as technical inefficiency may be allocative inefficiency. When inputs are aggregated it is shown that any allocative inefficiency is manifested as technical inefficiency. Greater degrees of aggregation may produce lower measures of technical efficiency.


In a single nest, perched on a branch overhanging a marshy river in Panama, four birds jostle for space. The birds all belong to a species of cuckoo called the Greater Ani, and each one has offspring in the communal nest. The birds take turns warming the heap of eggs and looking out for predators, teaming together to face …


Treaties — Operation and Enforcement of — Necessity for Municipal Legislation — Self-Executing Treaties — The Law of the United States of America — Interpretation of General International Conventions — Convention on Shipowners' Liability — General Maritime Law.


Objective:To explore the possible role of JWA in the process of adhesion,migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:The small interfering RNA(siRNA) was used to inhibit JWA expression in HCC cell line MHCC97L,and its effects on cell adhesion,migration and invasion were investigated.Results:Depletion of JWA caused a notable increase in cell adhesion,migration and invasion potential of MHCC97L.Conclusion:This study showed that reduced JWA expression in MHCC97L was associated with tumor adhesion,migration and invasion potential,indicating that JWA may be a metastasis suppressor gene for hepatocellular carcinoma.


Scandium was quantitatively extracted with 0.1 mol dm−3 Aliquat 336S in xylene at pH=6.0 from 0.01 mol dm−3 ascorbic acid. It was stripped with l mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid and determined as its complex with Arsenazo III. It was separated from binary mixtures by exploiting the difference in the extraction behavior from ascorbic acid. Several separations were accomplished by process of selective stripping with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Many interesting separations of scandium from associated elements like yttrium, thorium, uranium, and molybdenum have been carried out.


The fine-structure splittings in atoms formed by stopping antiprotons in Pb and U and $Sigma$$sup -$ hyperons in Pb and Pt have been measured. Since the fine structure is produced through the interaction of the magnetic dipole moment of the anti p or the $Sigma$$sup -$ with the Coulomb field of the nucleus, a value for the magnetic moment can be determined from the splitting. The magnetic moment obtained for the p was (-2.819 +- 0.056) nuclear magnetons, which agrees well with the CPT prediction of -2.793 nuclear magnetons. The magnetic moment derived for the $Sigma$$sup -$ was (-1.48 +- 0.37) nuclear magnetons, which is in agreement with the sign given by simple SU(3) theory, but differs somewhat from the value of -0.9 nuclear magnetons predicted by the theory with no mass breaking. (AIP)


Bottom photographs from six locations in the anaerobic deep central parts of the Black Sea show no marine life or evidence of bottom activity of marine life, but they do show considerable evidence of small debris. Most of the bottom appears mottled, suggesting a closely spaced, uniformly random grouping of small sediment clumps. Some photographs show slight patterns, ranging from a few centimeters to 1 m long,that perhaps result from the descent to the bottom of floating debris, vegetation, or dead marine life. Several different types of lineal patterns on the bottom indicate the actio of weak bottom currents. stereo photos show two lineal-type patterns with no observable relief. These patterns presumably are due to differences in reflective power or to very small textura changes.


ABSTRACT Western benefit-cost analysis is assumed a viable concept for planning economic development. Such an analysis relies heavily upon a theoretical base which bears little relationship to the overall context of development decision-making. This article attempts to denote the factors that distort the theoretical results of benefit-cost analysis. The structure of the economy is shown to obviate the direct applicability of such models; and finally, the values inherent in the Western benefit-cost approach are shown to rest in the economic context where they were formulated with hidden costs for underdeveloped economies.


Since honesty is Chinese nation's outstanding traditional virtue, it is the inevitable requirement of social progress to strengthen university students' honesty education. Influenced by some social problems, honesty on campus is threatened to some extent. This paper analyzes the main behaviors of the lack of honesty among university students and tries to discuss countermeasures to construct the mechanism of honesty education on them.


The focus of this paper is to develop a screening procedure to obtain information and assess vulnerability of bridges located in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). This screening methodology includes structural elements, site, foundation, and importance of the bridge. An inventory of the river-crossing bridges in Memphis and Shelby County is made using the developed screening procedure; potentially hazardous bridges that require further detailed seismic evaluation and/or immediate seismic retrofitting are identified. The results of this study are important for future maintenance and improvement, earthquake loss estimates, seismic hazard/risk reduction, and earthquake preparedness/rescue plans for river-crossing bridges in the NMSZ.


The Ms temperature was remarkably depressed in these alloys with decrease in austenitizing temperature. Therefore, the relation between formation temperature and morphology of thermally transformed martensite was clearly determined in the same alloy by utilizing this phenomenon (thermal stabilization of austenite). The morphology of thermally transformed martensite also varied with the formation temperature even in the same alloy. Three types of the martensite were also observed in the same morphologies, and they were similarly formed in the same temperature ranges as the strain-induced martensites, respectively. The main factor determining the morphology of martensite (both the strain-induced and thermally transformed martensites) in Fe-Ni-C alloys was considered to be the formation temperature. (Received January 31, 1972)


Network is characterized with individuality, impartiality and pluralism of values and functions. It will bring about profound reforms in educational system and organization.


Non-Abelian kinetic effects are taken into account for the study of the relaxation of collective motion in a quark-gluon plasma(QGP). An explicit Compton scattering is considered to calculate the relaxation time. It is shown that the new non-Abelian relaxation has a physical mechanism from the non-linear dynamics and the meaning of the relaxation is discussed. PACS number: 12.38.Mh The quark-gluon plasma(QGP) has been predicted to be produced in high energy nuclear collisions. The properties of QGP are of importance for understanding experimental results[1]. Collective motion plays an importance role in a plasma. Remarkably, the collective behaviors of a QGP have difference from a electromagnetic plasma due to color degrees of freedom[2]. It means that some new transport problems emerge, which is associated with color degrees of freedom[3, 4]. Obviously, the relaxation processes from collisional term used to be easily realized since we are familiar with the old knowledge. The collisional terms of QGP thus were given by Selikhov and Gyulassay[5] under the consideration of the quantum fluctuations and the color relaxation from the color collisional term which is only relevant to color degrees of freedom was studied as well as momentum relaxation[6]. However, we can't help but ask such questions: Is there a relaxation related to both color and momentum Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. 19805003 Email address space? If there is, what is the relaxation? In this letter, we will try to solve this problem. Firstly, we need to review the development of QGP kinetic-theory approach. It is wellknown that kinetic theory[7] is believed to describe correctly the quark-gluon plasma(QGP) physics as well as temperature field[8] and kinetic-theory approach to transport coefficients is of advantage of convenience. In fact, more and more attention is recently concentrated on the applications of kinetic theory to hot QCD[6, 9]. However, the treatment of nonAbelian counterparts in kinetic equations had ever been a difficult task[10, 11] for long time. We just believed that the solution of the problem had been made improvement until the non-Abelian mean-field dynamics[11] and 'double perturbation' approach[12] were presented recently. These progresses are also of importance for understanding color relaxation physics. We roughly give the analysis before new physics are studied in detail: Apart from collisional terms, non-Abelian covariant derivative enters the formalism of the kinetic equations. This includes color self-coupling contribution in the covariant derivative. Here it is clear that the self-coupling term represents the collective behaviors due to color degrees of freedom instead of dynamic behaviors described in collisional term in color space. Then we think that a relaxation process from the non-linear dynamics shall also be produced even if for a collisionless QGP. Now we start our studies from the kinetic equations of a collisionless QGP[13], pDμQ±(p, x) ± g 2 p∂ p{Fμν(x), Q±(p, x)} = 0, (1) pD̃μG(p, x) + g 2 p∂ p{F̃μν(x), G(p, x)} = 0, (2) where the letters with  ̃ represent the corresponding operators in adjoint representation of SU(3). Here we consider the density fluctuations ∆Q±, ∆G deviating from equilibrium distribution functions Q (0) ± and G (0) and replace the induced field A by a. Assuming the fluctuations to be weak, p ∼ gT, aμ ∼ T, i∂μ ∼ gT . Thus we write the equations for the fluctuations from 'double perturbation' approach[12] p∂μ∆Q± + ig ∑ λ p[aμ, ∆Q (λ) ± ] ± gp fμν∂ ν p Q (0) ± = 0 (3)


A method which enables the simulation of the internal metabolic rates of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is described. It is based on the integration of the internal energy metabolism and the cell cycle of the organism.


The invention provides a sirolimus preparation, which comprises the following components by weight distribution ratio: 0.1-5% of sirolimus, 0.2-95% of surfactant, 1-95% of hydrophilic high-molecular material, 1-95% of diluent and 0.5-2% of lubricant. According to the invention, a hot melt extrusion technology is employed, sirolimus, the surfactant and the hydrophilic high-molecular material are prepared to a sirolimus solid dispersion by using a hot melt extruder, the sirolimus solid dispersion is cooled and crushed, a diluent and a lubricant are added to prepare a mixture, then the mixture is finally prepared to obtain tablet or capsule. The sirolimus preparation has the advantages that present product defects can be overcome, good water-soluble performance is provided, plasma concentration is more stable, biology utilization degree of the oral preparation is increased, and large clinic application value are provided. The method has the advantages of less process, little energy consumption, low cost, high yield, serialization and enclosed type production, and is suitable for industrial production.


The purpose of this study was to investigate preschool children's movement responses to music in a free-choice participation setting. The study's framework was built on theories derived from qualitative data. The investigator observed 2-, 3-, and 4-year-olds in a researcher-designed music center where videotapes of sessions were used to analyze data through the constant comparative method. Three theoretical core categories emerged from data analysis: conditions, interactions, and outcomes. The properties of the first core category, which involves preexisting behavioral qualities that influence movement responses, are dispositions, developmental stage, and mode of representation. The properties of the second core category are modeling, describing, and suggesting, which are the overt behaviors of children and teacher that influence movement responses. The properties related to the third core category are music-related movement responses and nonmusic-related movement responses. The primary result of the study was the generation of a substantive theory of children's movement responses to music. The author also derived implications of the seven propositions for early childhood education and movement responses to music.


Acid-responsive proteome expression profiles of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (A. acidoterrestris) were analysed using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to investigate its acid resistance mechanism at sublethal pH. Totally, 325 differential expression proteins were identified during acid stress at pH2.5 condition for 15 min, of which the expressions of 83 proteins were up-regulated and the other 242 proteins expressions were down-regulated. Differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in organic nitrogen compounds metabolism, small molecule metabolism, organic acid metabolism and signal transduction. Overall, they were mapped into 97 metabolic pathways. Combination of KEGG pathway analysis and protein functional analysis suggested that the pH homeostasis system, changes in metabolic pathways, cell membrane permeability and DNA repair are the main acid resistance mechanisms of A. acidoterrestris at sublethal pH conditions. It is speculated that A. acidoterrestris may sense and transmit pH signals from the external environment through the nhaB protein which holds histidine-dependent acid resistance system, initiating a series of acid tolerance reactions. Our study demonstrated global physiological response of A. acidoterrestris to sublethal pH, which provided a better understanding of acid adaption mechanism of A. acidoterrestris.


ties assume that quality information is always available, systems of communication are not ambiguous, and decision making, as guided by the value-added approach, is somewhat automatic. Because business performance is measured in the real world by balance sheets and added values, the commercialization of automated information seems well suited to the projection and realization of new opportunities and strategic missions. However, in this book and generally in the value-added approach, there is no discussion of the criteria for determining the value of the added values. All activities are reduced to contextless abstract calculations, all performances are measured by gross quantities, and the personal and political intricacies of business decision are relegated to a dust


The article considers the system of information documents of the executives. It is shown that genre forms used in public administration for the purpose of informing are numerous. Many of these forms lack clear genre nominations, which explains the fact that researchers substitute genre nominations by names of the issues in which the informative documents are published. The author characterizes the information genres, which are in major demand with state administration: public report, press release and briefing materials. The article reveals that public report reflects information about the officials' actions or about the actual state of affairs with the relevant government agency; by its structure, it is a standardized text with language units typical of business communication. Press release is a short message about productive work of the authorities, aimed at shaping their positive image; its distinguishing feature is the use of emotionally and expressively colored lexical units and stylistic expressive means. The genre of briefing materials, along with the key objective – to inform, employs an additional setting for popularization of legal information, and hence a wide range of visual tools (tables, charts, flowcharts, fonts, colours, etc.). The author assumes that the contents and the instructive appeal of certain fragments of information genres make them close to the enacting documents genres, although their means of expressing style features are different.


The system for distributing content to support multiple customer service entities and content packager is provided. A method for distributing content is provided. The method comprises the steps of: receiving BCS parameters that identify one or more content packager associated with one or more BCS providers. The method also includes receiving the packager parameters that describe one or more packages associated with one or more content packager. The method also includes, and transmitting the system information to generate system information including the BCS parameters and the packager parameters.


The sagebrushes (subgenus Tridentatae of Artemisia-new combination presented in the text) are western North America's most widespread and populous shrub group. Chromosome counts from 120 populations confirm the base chromosome number at x = 9 with numerous 2n = 2x = 18 diploids and 2n = 4x = 36 tetraploids. Few higher polyploids are known, and aneuploidy and supernumerary chromosomes are rare. All 11 Tridentatae species are now known cytologically. All but the narrowly endemic A. argillosa are known from at least three locations: A. arbuscula (2n = 18, 36), A. bigelovii (2n = 18, 36), A. cana (2n = 18, 36), A. longiloba (2n = 18, 36), A. nova (2n = 18, 36), A. pygmaea (2n = 18, 36), A. rigida (2n = 18, 36), A. rothrockii (2n = 18, 36, 54, ca. 72), A. tridentata (2n = 18, 36, 54), and A. tripartita (2n = 18, 36). The chromosome number of A. argillosa, reported here for the first time, is 2n = 36. Chromosome numbers of eight subspecies also have been determined. The subgenus is characterized by autopolyploidy as indicated by morphologically indistinguishable 2x and 4x plants, a few mixed ploidy populations, consistent formation of IVs in 4x PMCs, a relatively uniform 2x karyotype, and a 4x karyotype, which is approximately twice the 2x one. Karyotypic differences, if they exist at all, are on a populational level rather than a systematic taxonomic level. The Tridentatae have apparently rapidly differentiated in situ in North America under the stimulus of recurring aridic cycles since late Tertiary or early Quaternary. They likely derive from more primitive circumboreal stock originating from the Eurasian homeland of Artemisia. The differentiation of myriad forms of Tridentatae was seemingly achieved through genic rather than genomic means. Karyotypic analysis supports a position within Tridentatae of A. rigida, A. bigelovii, and A. pygmaea. THE SAGEBRUSHEs-section Tridentatae Rydb. of Artemisia L. (Anthemideae, Compositae)are perhaps the most important shrubs in midlatitude (3O?-50) western North Arnerica. This shrub group dominates tens of millions of hectares, is present on millions more hectares, provides browse and habitat for many kinds of 1 Received for publication 14 April 1980; revision accepted 10 December 1980. This work was aided by Federal funds for wildlife restoration through Pittman-Robertson W-82-R Project (cooperators: Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station and Utah State Division of Wildlife Resources). The Snow Field Station is cooperatively maintained by the above agencies, Utah State University, and Snow College. We thank A. Perry Plummer, Paul J. Edgerton, and Elizabeth McClintock for providing plant material. Alma H. Winward gave us precise locations for his and Tisdale's chromosome counts (Fig. 1). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service to the exclusion of others which may be suitable. 2 Located at the Intermountain Station's Shrub Scienc,s Laboratory, 735 North 500 East, Provo, Utah 84601; and adjunct associate professor of botany, Brigham Young University. 3Present address is Rice Researchers Inc., Glenn, California 95943. 4Present address is Department of Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202. wildlife and livestock, and gives much of the countryside its characteristic appearance. Members of the group grow in many soil types on arid planes, in canyons and valleys, and on foothills and mountain slopes from 100 to 3,400 m in elevation (Fig. 1, 2). Tridentatae grow with many grasses, forbs, other shrubs, and trees. The plants have been an important vegetative component of the land they occupy for several thousand years (Tidwell, Rushforth, and Simper, 1972; Van Devender, 1977). Even so, they are relative newcomers and have become important in the flora only since the late Tertiary or early Quaternary periods (Axelrod, 1950). Alternating moist and dry climates during the Pleistocene Epoch favored repeated evolutionary cycles that provided evolutionary opportunity for the production of present-day Tridentatae (Stebbins, 1974; Cronquist, 1978; McArthur and Plummer, 1978). Since the settlement of western North America by Caucasians, the sagebrushes have increased in numbers in local areas (Young, Eckert, and Evans, 1979). How great the increase has been is subject to continuous debate (Cottam, 1961; Vale, 1975; Young et al., 1979). Management of sagebrush lands has often entailed attempts to eradicate completelv or


Both Mitomycin C (MMC) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) (ADM) prevent the recurrence of superficial papillary (Ta-T1) urinary bladder cancers and also reduce the rate of progression. MMC appears to be more effective than ADM in buffered instillations. The number of recurrent tumours (RI/m) and the number of recurrence times (RR) before prophylactic instillation were of significant prognostic importance but the prognostic value of the grade was questionable. The buffer solution, together with methyl prednisolone, reduced the incidence of chemical cystitis.


It is currently believed that the cesarean delivery rate in the United States is too high and that approximately 25% of gravid women undergo this procedure each year. Although the cesarean delivery statistics have been under extreme scrutiny and debate by experts in the field of obstetrics as well as by third-party payers, there is no sound method by which to measure the optimal cesarean delivery rate. The impetus for such criticisms seems to be driven by economics factors as opposed to scientific evidence. From 1970 to 1988, we witnessed the cesarean delivery rate soar from 5.5% to 24.4%. Despite these inflated rates, cesarean delivery has not unequivocally demonstrated a benefit to maternal or neonatal health. The Healthy People (a national health promotion and disease prevention initiative) 2000 goal was to reduce the national cesarean delivery rate to 15%. This goal, however, was not based on scientific data, therefore making it difficult to understand the rationale behind such a recommendation. It is not surprising that these goals were not met. Before the advent of regional anesthesia, a woman undergoing a cesarean birth was considered to be at a significantly greater risk for death than a woman undergoing a vaginal delivery. Currently, the risk for death in a woman undergoing an elective cesarean delivery is unknown. Although a low cesarean delivery rate is not necessarily an indicator of high-quality care, there is no evidence revealing that the high cesarean delivery rate is detrimental to maternal or fetal outcome. The Healthy People goals for 2010 were launched on January 25, 2000. The 2010 objectives for cesarean delivery are as follows; in women with no prior cesarean, the target rate is 15.5%, whereas for women with a prior cesarean, the goal is a vaginal birth rate of 37%. Once more, there are no convincing data to support these recommendations. Although these recommendations have been made, there are no nationally organized efforts to move us in this direction. In the absence of such an organization, it is inconceivable that the 2010 goals will be met. In addition, there should be a commitment from clinicians, as well as each institution practicing obstetrics, to reduce the cesarean delivery rate. If this motivation is lacking, we are not likely to witness any significant decline in the cesarean delivery rate. The Institute for Health Care Improvement, a Boston-based nonprofit organization consisting of more than 20 heath care organizations, has structured a collaborative effort to safely reduce their cesarean delivery rates (1). Some of the methods used by this group include avoiding unnecessary inductions, avoiding admission for false labor, and providing effective pain management (including nontraditional methods such as hydrotherapy, aromatherapy, and birthing balls) during labor. This organization has shown that providing clinicians with their individual cesarean delivery rate serves as an effective tool by altering behavior and consequently lowering that individual's cesarean delivery rates. In 1979, alarmed by the rising trend in the cesarean delivery rate, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development established a task force to address the issue. They were able to identify four factors that contributed the most to the cesarean delivery rate. These factors were dystocia (30%), repeat cesarean (25%–30%), breech presentation (10%–25%), and nonreassuring fetal status (10%– 15%). In our efforts to reduce the cesarean delivery Volume 57, Number 7 OBSTETRICAL AND GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY Copyright © 2002 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.


The present invention relates to an output device (10) for unpackaged goods (B), in particular bakery products such as bread, rolls or the like, with at least one front-side extraction assembly (14) for forming at least one goods take-out opening (16), said removal assembly (14) at least one mounting structure (18), at least one collecting channel (22) and at least one fixing element (36) for fixing the collecting channel (22) in the fixing structure (18), wherein the mounting structure (18) comprises a securement receptacle (34) for using at least a portion of the collecting channel (22), and wherein the fixing element (36) from a first position (S1), in which the collecting gutter (22) is fixed in a second position (S2), in which the collecting gutter (22) is released, can be transferred is and vice versa.


: This study is focused on the approach to modelling and forecasting interval-valued data using a dual-parametric neural network (DPNN). This concept was proposed as a subclass of interval neural networks that contains two types of parameters: real and interval ones. This approach makes it possible to get guaranteed inclusion of an exact (single value) solution into interval calculation results. In this paper we intend to give a theoretical overview of previous research on the subject and description of the new developed methods and algorithms for learning DPNN. The experiments demonstrate that interval calculation results obtained by using the proposed approach include of exact solution at least in 60% of cases.


This chapter makes the point that theories built on different hypotheses are fundamentally different; hence, they cannot truly be considered as limiting cases of one another.


Male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory skin disorder that may cause itching and soreness and be complicated by phimosis, paraphimosis, urethral stricture, urinary retention or even renal failure in some cases. It may also contribute to the long-term risk for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis. Current guidelines suggest ultrapotent topical corticosteroids as first-line treatment in MGLSc, although there are no randomized controlled trials to establish the ideal frequency or duration. Surgical treatment, cryotherapy, ultraviolet phototherapy, carbon dioxide laser and pulsed dye laser have also been used, with variable success. Recurrences after circumcision or in cases where long-term use of steroids has resulted in adverse events are even more difficult to manage. We present a patient with MGLSc who was successfully treated with injections of heterologous type I collagen (HTIC). A 42-year-old man presented with an 8-month history of atrophic plaques involving the prepuce, frenulum and glans (Fig. 1a). He reported that for the past 12 months, he had found his foreskin difficult to retract, and he also had pruritus, soreness, discomfort and dyspareunia. Histopathology revealed atrophic epidermis with hyperkeratosis, dermal lymphocytic infiltration and homogenization of the collagen in the upper third of the dermis. The patient had used clobetasol propionate cream twice daily for 4 weeks and subsequently once daily for 4 more weeks without clinical improvement, except for slight improvement of the pruritus. He consented to begin off-label treatment with injections of HTIC. Topical lidocaine 30% cream was applied to the lesional area 60 min before treatment. An injection was prepared of 100 mg heterologous type I collagen micronized, sterile powder (Linerase; Euroresearch, Milan, Italy) reconstituted in 4.5 mL of normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution) and 0.5 mL of lidocaine, and this was injected via a 30G needle (4 mm length) into the affected areas. The infiltration pattern Correspondence: Dr Stamatis Gregoriou, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of DermatologyVenereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, 5 Ionos, Dragoumi str Athens, 16121, Greece E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The purpose of this study was to develop an optimum equipment model considering various objective functions and variables of agricultural reservoir. Traditional optimum function for feasibility assessment is based on economic benefit, but we tried new approach of feasibility assessment based on the number of beneficiary. The data of Yuraimi reservoir and Yongbong reservoir in Yesan-gun such as numbers of related people, construction costs, safe diagnosis have been gathered for applying developed model. Data are used for determining optimum strategy with restricted cost. For verifying results of optimum maintenance, real maintenance data of Yuraimi reservoir were compared with simulated strategy. Results show that simulated maintenance strategies are 3 times more effective than real maintenance data.


The esophageal-pleural stripe is a sickle-like soft-tissue shadow projected over the air of the trachea at the level of the clavicles, with its concavity to the right. It is formed by the right wall of the esophagus with its pleural covering. Its genesis, frequency, and significance were discussed in an earlier paper (2), and the concepts there set forth have been confirmed and amplified by DeGinder (4). McDonnel (9) and his group at the Walter Reed Army Hospital, working with supervoltage roentgenography, denied the origin of the stripe in the right wall of the esophagus and its pleural covering, claiming instead that it is formed by the contact of the pleural surfaces of the right and left lung anteriorly. This explanation cannot be accepted, for this contact does not form a well defined sickle, it is consistently lower than the clavicles, and, most important, it does not account for the strict parallelism with the barium-outlined esophagus. In the five years following the publication of the first paper...


Purpose This study evaluates the prevalence of cardiac metastases in patients with serotonin producing neuroendocrine tumours (NET), examined with 18F-FDOPA PET/CT, and the relationship of these metastases to the presence of carcinoid heart disease (CHD) based on echocardiography. Background CHD occurs in patients with serotonin producing NET. The diagnostic method of choice remains echocardiography. The precise prevalence of cardiac metastases is unknown given the limitations of standard technologies. Nuclear medicine modalities have the potential to visualize metastases of NET. Methods All patients who underwent 18F-FDOPA PET/CT because of serotonin producing NET between November 2009 and May 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The presence of cardiac metastasis was defined as myocardial tracer accumulation higher than the surrounding physiological myocardial uptake. Laboratory tests and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) results were digitally collected. Results 116 patients (62 male) underwent 18F-FDOPA PET/CT, mean age was 61±13 years. TTE was performed in 79 patients. Cardiac metastases were present in 15 patients, of which 10 patients also underwent TTE. One patient had both cardiac metastasis (only on 18F-FDOPA PET/CT) and echocardiographic signs of CHD. There were no differences in echocardiographic parameters for CHD between patients with and without cardiac metastases. TTE in none of the 79 patients showed cardiac metastases. Conclusion The prevalence of cardiac metastases detected with 18F-FDOPA PET/CT in this study is 13%. 18F-FDOPA PET/CT can visualize cardiac metastases in serotonin producing NET patients. There appears to be no relationship between the presence of cardiac metastases and TTE parameters of CHD.


The overall objectives of this project is to develop the IGT Mild-Gasification (MILDGAS) process for near-term commercialization. The specific objectives of the program are to: design, construct, and operate a 24-tons/day adiabatic process development unit (PDU) to obtain process performance data suitable for further design scaleup obtain large batches of coal-derived co-products for industrial evaluation prepare a detailed design of a demonstration unit develop technical and economic plans for commercialization of the MILDGAS process. During the first ten months of this project. the NEPA Application for construction and operation of the PDU facility at the SIUC site was written and submitted for approval. In addition, the process design for the PDU was completed, bid packages for the PDU modules were prepared and sent to a slate of prospective bidders, and bids were received from the participating bidders.


Early Word Learning: How Infants Learn Words that Sound Similar Julia Wales (email@example.com) Department of Psychological Sciences, 703 Third St. West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA George Hollich (email@example.com) Department of Psychological Sciences, 703 Third St. West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA Introduction Results and Discussion The development of both phonological perception and semantic acquisition has been well studied, yet the connection between these remains a mystery. Research in phonological perception has demonstrated that infants are born with the ability to make fine phonetic discriminations (Cristophe, Jacques, & Sebastian-Galles, 2001). However, word-learning research has suggested infants do not make use of this knowledge in learning similar sounding words (Werker & Tees, 2002). Why? The current study suggests that infants have detailed phonetic representations for newly acquired words but suppress this information under certain circumstances. Method Infants from the West Lafayette/Lafayette area were tested at four different ages: 14, 18, 22, and 26 months. The present study used the splitscreen preferential looking paradigm. This paradigm presents two objects, one on each side of a screen while audio stimuli requests one of the objects. The experiment consisted of two sequences. The first sequence attempted to teach infants a novel word (e.g. "chab") while the second sequence attempted to teach a second novel word that was phonologically similar to the previously taught word (e.g. "chas"). The auditory stimuli for this sequence were presented in a different voice (differing in gender) from the second sequence. The order of voices and specific words were counterbalanced across subjects. Each sequence consisted of four types of trials. Infants first had a training trial where they were presented with a single object on the screen and the novel label for that object. This was always followed by a salience trial where the object the infant heard labeled was presented on one side of the screen and another object was presented on the other side. Auditory stimulus was played that was not intended to direct attention to either object (e.g "What do you see?"). The infants then saw the two test trials (label and similar), the order of which were counterbalanced to control for order effects. In the label condition, the object that the infants saw in training was requested. In the similar condition, the similar word was requested. The logic of the procedure was that if infants learned the word in the test phase, they should look longer at it during the label trials than in the salience trials or the similar trials. Although performance did increase with age, even at 14 months, infants looked significantly longer at the labeled object when it was requested during the first sequence. Furthermore, they did not look longer at the label object in the salience or similar trials. In those trials, infants looked longer at the unlabeled object. This switch in looking suggests that infants noticed and rejected phonetic differences when the voice was the same, demonstrating that they can make fine phonetic discriminations in the context of a word-learning task. However, infants did not notice the same phonetic differences when the talker was changed in the second sequence of trials. There are two logical explanations for the results from the second sequence of trials. Perhaps infants pragmatically noticed the switch between voices and assumed that the phonetic differences in this case were not meaningful. This strategy may cause mislabeling when the task is to learn similar sounding words, but it may ultimately lead to more successful labeling in the real world where phonetic signals are more variable and normalization is key. Alternatively, it is possible that the task of attaching meaning to the second word caused the difficulty. Specifically, it is possible that infants lost track of which word went with which object (something even adults will do, on occasion). In this case, the switch in voice was irrelevant. Even if the voice had been the same, infants would have had the same difficulties in the second block of trials. Ongoing studies are examining whether it was the change in talker or the learning of a second word that caused the difficulties in the second block of trials. However, the current results suggest that infants do posses fine phonetic distinctions in a word learning task, even at 14 months, and that they will ignore these distinctions when memory or pragmatic conditions dictate. References Cristophe, A., Jacques, M., & Sebastian-Galles, N. (2001). Perception of prosodic boundary correlates by newborn infants. Infancy, 2(3), 385-394. Werker, J. F. & Tees, R. C. (2002). Cross-language speech perception: Evidence for perceptual reorganization during the first year of life. Infant Behavior & Development, 25,


Security system using Short Message System(SMS) to send alarm messages was designed based on General Packet Radio Service(GPRS) technology.The Micro Controller Unit(MCU) SPCE061A was adopted in this system,μC/OS-II was transplanted to the MCU to control the system,and MC35 module was used to send alarm messages to mobile phones.The hardware and software of the system were introduced.The system is easy to transplant,and suitable to the applications with not very high real-time requirements.


Objective:  To find out the frequency of bacteriuria associated with Foley catheterization after gynecological and Obstetric (cesarean section) surgery and to analyze the factors associated with bacteriuria. Methods:  This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of TUTH. Hospital chart records of one of the four functional units for a period of one year (1st January 2007 to 31st December 2007) were collected in all postoperative women who had undergone major gynecological surgery (like abdominal hysterectomy, laparatomy, vaginal hysterectomy etc) and cesarean sections in obstetrics. Charts were reviewed and relevant clinical findings and bacteriological studies of catheter tip culture and sensitivity were noted. Results:  There were total 390 major operations (both Gyne & Obs) during the study period. In obstetrics there were a total of 211 cesarean section. Files obtained were 186. Urine and catheter tip culture were obtained in 165 out of 186 cases. Positive culture was found in 76 out of 165 (46%). In gynecology, there were 179 major operations, out of which 130 files were obtained. Urine and catheter tip culture reports were available in 121 cases and 56 (46%) were found to be positive. In cesarean section, duration of catheterization was not associated with increased bacteriuria (p=0.926), while in gynecological surgery there was significant impact of catheterization duration on bacteriuria (p=0.042). In gynecological surgery, increasing patients' age had important impact on bacteriuria (p=0.0004). Overall 46% had positive catheter tip culture. The most common organisms isolated were E coli, Enterococcus fecalis and Staph aureus. Conclusion:  This study establishes that Foley catheter was associated with increased risk of bacteriuria in postoperative women following obstetrical and gynecological surgery. Key words:  Bacteriuria, Foley catheterization, Catheter tip culture and sensitivity


The invention is a light-emitting diode series driver, including a DC-DC converter, a light-emitting diode series, a switch and a feedback circuit, where the DC-DC converter has a first end and outputs a DC voltage from the first end according to a feedback signal, the light-emitting diode series is connected to the first end of the DC-DC converter, and the switch is connected in series with the light-emitting diode series. As the switch is turned-on, the DC voltage drives the diode series and a DC current flows through the diode series, the feedback circuit outputs a feedback signal according to the DC current. And as the switch is turned-on, the diode series fast emits the light in a preset brightness, and the switch is cut-off, fast goes out.


Fresh progress was made last year in transforming state-owned enterprises(SOE)into stock companies,and reforms of the electricity,telecommunications and civil aviation industries were accelerated.


Purpose To determine the contents of residual methanol, ethanol,acetone, aether, petroleum ether, ethylacetate, iodomethane, acetic acid, n-amylamine,diethyl oxalate and DMF in Tegaserod Maleate.
Methods A simple capillary gas chromatography method was established with FID detector. The capillary column was HP-5, using temperature program; The residues were calculated by the external standard method. Results The linearities were fairly good. The average recoveries were 86. 87 % - 98. 45 % with RSD of 1. 34% - 6. 56%. The limit of detection was 0. 29 - 1. 06 ng. The contents of eleven residual organic solvents in four batches of samples were complied with the specification requirements. Conclusions
After validation, the method was proved to be accurate,sensitive and reliable. It is suitable to be adopted in the analysis of the tested solvents.


Purpose of this study is to measure characteristics of core capital ratio, bank capital, deposit, net profit after tax, and earnings per share and their separate relationship and measure the individual impact of core capital ratio, bank capital, and deposit on financial performance i.e., net profit after tax (NPAT) and earnings per share (EPS). Descriptive, correlational, and casual comparative research design has been used in this study. This study analyzed secondary data of twenty-six commercial banks from fiscal year 2012/13 to 2018/19 out of twenty-seven. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis statistical tools were used in this study. According to its findings, earnings per share is highly dispersed in comparison to net profit after tax as well as core capital ratio than bank capital. There is high degree of positive relationship in between net profit after tax and deposit. Low degree of positive relation in NPAT and core capital ratio and moderate degree of positive relation in NPAT and Bank capital. Low degree of positive relation of EPS with deposit and low degree of inverse relation of EPS with core capital. Core capital ratio, bank capital, and deposit positive effects for increasing NPAT. Out of its, deposit highly effect. Deposit positive effects for increase on EPS. High contribution of deposit and core capital to increase net profit. The results of this study have relevance and probable generalizability about the impact of capital adequacy ratio and deposit to increase financial performance of commercial banks in Nepal.

Keywords: NPAT, EPS, Capital, Deposit, Commercial banks


I had an opportunity to visit and study Chinese fire protection system through the China fire exposition and conference during Oct. 26–29, 2006 in Beijing. Over 100 delegates from Indian fire protection community visited this exposition. Institution of fire engineers (India) sponsored and partly financed visit of eight council members. This team helped to get a bird eye view of fire technology in China resulting following report. This report gives brief background of conference and, various technical presentations and covers status of fire science and technology in China including various Chinese and Foreign Research and Development, test and evaluation, Approval and certification Laboratories. Information technology, literature and journals on fire Industry is also covering the feature. Chinese fire protection industry is quite advanced and supported directly by ministry of Public security govt. of China. A list of fire manufacturing industry is given at the end and details including their manufacture etc. is available for those who need more information. This article is also supported by a few photographs taken during exhibition, which gives brief account of equipments/machinery and fire safety items with Chinese Industry. For details of above one can contact - firstname.lastname@example.com@del3.vsnl.net.in


According to the fact that rainfalls especially rainstorm are the primary natural inducements of geological hazards, by analysis on the historical hazards and corresponding meteorologic data, the authors of this paper have been engaged in research of the relationship between geological hazards and meteorologic conditions, and devised a method based on the rainfall indexes to early-warn the geological hazards. In this approach, the key meteorologic indexes such as previous accumulated rainfalls, types of precipitation and updated rainfalls were synthetically applied, and then a calculation model for meteorologic warning under certain geological conditions was presented. Based on the research work, applying with advanced software techniques such as debase, graphics and network techniques, the Guizhou geological hazards meteorologic early-warning system was successfully set up, and was put into test during the flood season in 2002. The system worked efficiently and stably under the meteorologic operation network environment. By automatically monitoring the meteorologic conditions that probably arose geological hazards and doing the model calculation, making use of the fine rainfall observed data at towns distinguishing level, the system was able to output the warning grades results of every town in the whole provincial area. The meteorologic early-warning operation and service have been implemented since the system was put into practice in 2002 and achieved conspicuous social effects. Meanwhile, the system has been constantly improved with the practice process, and it was proved to be effective when tesed by actually occured geological disaster cases.As this study is mainly made from the view of meteorologic inducing conditions of geological disasters, and because of lacking detailed geological data, although the geological hazardous spots information has been taken into consideration, it seems to be inadequate in this paper for analysis and application of geological environment conditions, which is essential to the occurrence of geological disasters. That is what need to do for the further improvement about this work, and the author also pointed out in the end.


Ship detection is a crucial application for global monitoring for environment and security. It permits to monitor traffic, fisheries, and to associate ships with oil discharge. Nevertheless, each of those applications has specific constraints in terms of spatial coverage and resolution, radiometric quality, and contrast between vessels and ocean. By choosing adapted modes, polarisation and processing level ENVISAT/ASAR gives access to a wide range of data which can be optimally processed for specific applications. This paper address specific ship detection algorithms which have been developped for various demanding applications and extensively tested on ASAR data. First, typical ship detection schemes and strategy are presented. Past research efforts on automatic target detection in SAR imagery have clearly demonstrated that no single detection algorithm will produce satisfactory results with sufficient detection sensitivity and small false alarm rate. Thus, ship detection systems generally consist of four stages: preprocessing; land masking; prescreening; and discrimination. In 2004, the demonstration of a ship detection as a add-on of oil spill detection service using ENVISAT ASAR Wide Swath images was defined and implemented in close cooperation with CEDRE over the French Zone de protection Ecologique (ZPE) in the Mediterranean Sea with such a four stage decomposition Second, advanced processing for ship detection are addressed. Those specific processing take advantage of the huge amount of information that can be retrieved from low level product. For example some false alarm may be discarded by detecting azimut ambiguities and short life cycle events may be rejected by examining their effects on successives looks. The interest of using such advanced processing is illustrated on some examples, including coastal regions. Third, under favorable conditions, additionnal information on detected ship targets may be retrieved, allowing to implement some basic classification. Typical dicriminant parameters are ship lengths, speed, and radar cross section. A basic classification strategy is proposed. Eventually, all those detection and classification algorithm need to be tested to identify the advantages and drawbacks of different approaches, to strengthen final system robustness. This was the scope the project DECLIMS, Detection and Classification of Marine Traffic from Space, which is conducted by the EC Joint Research Centre. Preliminary results will be presented including mapping of european scale marine traffic.


In this paper, BP algorithm of artificial neural network is improved, the self adjusted algorithm of all parameters has been proposed for the back propagation learning, and programmed a C language procedure. It can make the selection of hidden layer units and rate of studying easily in the course of training, reduce ar ti ficial influence and improve the adaptive ability of rate of studying and neural network. Our conclusion shows that the self adjusted BP algorithm of all parameters is superior to the statistical modeling approach, the model of artificial neural network in training can not only exactly imitate training valuation but also make prediction accurately.


Due to an increase in spending power amongst Black middle class, this growing segment has become a lucrative investment opportunity for many retailers in South Africa and most emerging markets. The purpose of this study is to segment township consumers according to their demographics, life stage, attitudes towards township shopping centres and Living Standards Measure, to understand shopping patterns of township consumers. A survey among Soweto Black middle class township respondents was conducted, and maximum likelihood factor analysis was used to identify attitudes towards township mall factors. The study revealed five factors namely entertainment, convenience, mall essence, staff and mall basics, which were all consistent with previous studies, with the exception of staff and mall basics, which was revealed in this study. A K-means cluster analysis was then used to segment township shoppers according to their attitudes. Four shopper segments were discovered, namely disappointed crusaders, upcoming loyals, social seekers and local loyals, which, despite investigating shopper attitudes in place of shopper behaviour alone, were similar to well-establish shopper typologies. Each segment was profiled according to demographic variables, attitudes as well as shopping patterns. Results, therefore, suggest that retailers and developers need to consider the unique needs and differences among Black middle class consumers when developing retail strategies as they reveal unique characteristics from typical shopper typologies. Given similarities in some emerging countries such as India, the findings of this study could be generalized to other middle class consumers from emerging markets. Similar shopper segments may arise, which may be consistent with previous shopper typology studies and new segments unique to emerging market middle class consumer may be unveiled.


While land-use plans are regularly revised, property rights are extremely stable over time. Yet, the stability of property rights resulting from the current conception of exclusive ownership makes the implementation of land-use plans increasingly complicated, difficult and long. Planners recognized the need for more flexibility in many urban contexts to effectively steer spatial development in the already built environment. Relying on a detailed case study carried out in the municipality of Bienne, Switzerland, this paper examines how a strategic use of long-term ground leases granted on municipal land can allow for increased flexibility in planning. Ground leases are a policy instrument leading to a time-limited division of the bundle of rights between a public landowner and the ground lease holder, who becomes the owner of the facilities on the land for up to one hundred years. The strategic role of ground leases in urban planning remains largely unexplored. This article shows that ground leases are an empirical and practical response of planning authorities to the inflexibility of property rights in given situations where more flexibility would be needed. Public actors can use ground leases to implement an active land policy leading to a better allocation of land to specific projects and to a more precise control of building activity. By analyzing the role of ground leases at the interface between planning and property, this article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the complex relationship between land-use planning and property rights.


Layout design is categorized as a key step on design tasks,because of its NPcompleteness and optimal combination problem,traditional solution of layout does not work effectually. It proposes a method based on flock of birds with human-computer interactive technology for packing layout and researches on some key techniques. Finally,a typical problem of packing layout is resolved. A new solution for parking problem is given,which has high practicability in this area.


During the last decade technologies have had a significant development in many areas, as military and civil protection, telecommunication and electrical distribution and production. Particularly in the mentioned areas we can find very complex products, with a cycle life generally longer than their components. Companies have thus the need to better manage the replacement of spare parts in order to reduce the holding costs and to satisfy the service level. In this paper authors analyse the state of the art about the spare parts logistic (SPL) problem for products characterized by a long cycle life and by slow moving spare parts subject to obsolescence. A new model to estimate the spare part order level is then proposed and tested on a simulated case.


The aim of this paper is to follow and analyse the public discourse on religious minorities in Turkey after the failed coup d'état of 15th July 2016. However either Turkish state's policy or social attitudes towards these groups have always been controversial and their real position has always differed from their legal status, the author decided to put a hypothesis that the coup attempt is indeed what has significantly affected the way they are being perceived by mass media in Turkey and hence, by Turkish public opinion. Thus, the purpose of this analysis is to study the chosen media content concerning religious minorities and to answer the question how the post-coup reality affects the situation of persons belonging to these groups. In order to achieve this goal several research methods specific for political science and humanities are applied and Polish, English and Turkish language sources are widely referred in the article.


This paper compares pooled models of capital investment with non-pooled models using the UK's Confederation of British Industry's (CBI) Industrial Trends Survey for the U.K., particularly focusing on the effect of uncertainty on investment. The uncertainty measure is based on the cross sectional dispersion of expectations. The panel data estimation shows that uncertainty has negative effects, which are non negligible in terms of magnitude, on investment. However, if we look at the estimation results at the industry level, we find a great diversity in elasticity and t-statistics, providing valuable information not available from the pooled model. Finally, we compare forecast performances based on the above models. It is confirmed that pooled estimators are generally better than non-pooled estimators in terms of forecast performance, but the difference between the two is not very large.


Background: Hemodynamic perturbations in spine surgeries are predominantly reported in cervical and thoracic level procedures. The literature related to negative cardiovascular changes (decrease of heart rate and blood pressure) in lumbar spine procedures is still scarce and only highlighted in few case reports/letters until now. Methods: With the help of a systematic literature review with predefined criteria, we, therefore, examined and synthesized here the probable underlying common cause of these hemodynamic disturbances in lumbar spine surgeries. Data aggregation to a model was done by a case survey method and established by a cause–effect relationship. Results: There are only 5 cases that met our strict predefined criteria and that were aggregated to an emergent model of an autonomous reflex arc. Conclusion: This review and consecutive data aggregation provides, for the first time, a concept of spinal cardiac reflex in lumbar spine surgeries.


TeraHertz (THz) detection with Field-Effect Transistor-based (FET-based) detectors requires low-noise amplification, which typically involves trade-offs in terms of complexity, power, and area, resulting in severe scalability constraints for pixel integration into imaging arrays. The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel approach, from design to experimental validation, that enables active device-level amplification of the signal generated by a FET detector and converts it to a frequency suitable for digital processing. This has been done by exploiting a Single-Electron Bipolar Avalanche Transistor (SEBAT) to build a low-noise compact front-end circuit. The FET output is connected to the SEBAT forming a circuit element that here is defined as a TeraHertz Single-Electron Transistor (THzSET). The FET generates a detection current when it senses the THz signal; this current is then injected into the SEBAT, which generates an avalanche current pulse for each single electron, achieving a device-level amplification. The avalanche pulse rate is then evaluated from the signal measured at the SEBAT collector, and performing an FFT of the counts-per-second curve over time it is possible to measure the modulated THz signal applied to the device. The obtained Responsivity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {R}_{\text {F}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the Noise Equivalent Power NEP are respectively <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\frac {\text {4.61Gcps}}{\text {W}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\frac {\text {88nW}}{\sqrt {\text {Hz}}} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 330GHz illumination frequency. This is achieved with sub-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> power consumption and minimal area overhead: indeed, the pixel and the interface have a total area of 0.146mm2, where the antenna area is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${455} \times {320}\mu \text{m}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the SEBAT area is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${27} \times {22}\mu \text{m}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.


Learning depends on thinking. The more we can understand what happens when
we think, the more we can help other people to think "better�, differently or in new
ways and the more chance we have of being able to help people to learn more
efficiently. In the past there has been a growing acceptance that we cannot just
ignore thinking simply because we cannot see it happening. Rather, we need to
understand what happens when people think and, in the context of educational
psychology, try to find ways of helping them to think in ways which will help them
to learn more efficiently and easily.


A) a linear ethylene homopolymer or interpolymer of a heterogeneous or homogeneous; B) and branched homopolymer or interpolymer; C) optionally, are other than A or B, ethylene styrene interpolymers (ESI), polypropylene (PP ), polystyrene (PS), ethylene - propylene rubber and styrene - a blend comprising one or more thermoplastic polymers selected from the group consisting of butadiene rubber, the blend; 1) 0.05 to 20 g / min melt index, I2 and; 2) ≧ 100,000 psi or <and 30,000psi flexural modulus; 3) melt strength of ≧ 2 cN; having a melt extensibility of the ≧ 25 mm / sec; melt strength of said blend There following inequality; The present invention, the foam comprising the blend, film, fibers, also include blow molded articles and extrusion coating.


A strategy of compliance in which enforcement agents rely on negotiation is identified as a characteristic feature of water pollution control work. The strategy arises from the nature of the conduct and activities subject to regulation and from the need to maintain a continuing relationship with the regulated. In securing compliance regulatory agents shape their enforcement tactics by reference to assumptions held as to why polluters fail to comply. Bargaining is central to compliance strategy, but if a conciliatory approach fails, a more threatening posture will be taken in which a variety of mores, including bluffs about legal sanctions, may be employed. Law enforcement is treated as a matter of compliance as well as compulsion.


Significance The phenomena investigated in this paper are relevant to the general subject of interfaces and mixing within the context of multiscale transport under nonequilibrium plasma conditions, and the phenomena fit well into the theme of this Special Feature. Magnetic flux ropes consist of helical magnetic fields with varying pitch, and on multiscale processes, such as induced magnetic and electric structures, become embedded in the magnetic flux ropes. Time domain structures (TDSs) spontaneously develop between the flux ropes and are associated with magnetic reconnection. The spiky nonlinear structures dominate the electric and magnetic field and are not described by a simple power law. They are not predicted by fluid theory and could be a major factor in the development of new turbulence theories. Magnetic flux ropes are structures that are common in the corona of the sun and presumably all stars. They can be thought of as the building blocks of solar structures. They have been observed in Earth's magnetotail and near Mars and Venus. When multiple flux ropes are present magnetic field line reconnection, which converts magnetic energy to other forms, can occur when they collide. The structure of multiple magnetic ropes, the interactions between multiple ropes, and their topological properties such as helicity and writhing have been studied theoretically and in laboratory experiments. Here, we report on spiky potential and magnetic fields associated with the ropes. We show that the potential structures are chaotic for a range of their temporal half-widths and the probability density function (PDF) of their widths resembles the statistical distribution of crumpled paper. The spatial structure of the magnetic spikes is revealed using a correlation counting method. Computer simulation suggests that the potential structures are the nonlinear end result of an instability involving relative drift between ions and electrons.


The paper describes the research background of military supply chain reliability management and reviews the current situation of the military SC reliability management research respectively from military supply chain,the concept,the measurement,the quantitative analytic method and the research model.


This study is aimed to find out the role of geography teachers in enhancing earthquake and tsunami disaster preparedness among students of Senior High School in Banda Aceh. This study is descriptive study by using quantitative approach. This study was conducted in eight Senior High Schools in Banda Aceh with study samples were 15 geography teachers and 10 students in each school who were selected by Purposive Random Sampling. Data collection technique was done through questionnaire distributed to teachers and test items to students. Data analysis technique used descriptive statistic. The study result showed that teacher's role in enhancing earthquake and tsunami disaster preparedness among students is dominated by medium category (40%). Based on this study result, it can be concluded that the role of geography teachers in enhancing students' preparedness is not satisfying.


Kinetochores are dynamic cellular structures that connect chromosomes to microtubules. They form from multi‐protein assemblies that are evolutionarily conserved between yeasts and humans. One of these assemblies—COMA—consists of subunits Ame1CENP‐U, Ctf19CENP‐P, Mcm21CENP‐O and Okp1CENP‐Q. A description of COMA molecular organization has so far been missing. We defined the subunit topology of COMA, bound with inner kinetochore proteins Nkp1 and Nkp2, from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, with nanoflow electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and mapped intermolecular contacts with hydrogen‐deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry. Our data suggest that the essential Okp1 subunit is a multi‐segmented nexus with distinct binding sites for Ame1, Nkp1‐Nkp2 and Ctf19‐Mcm21. Our crystal structure of the Ctf19‐Mcm21 RWD domains bound with Okp1 shows the molecular contacts of this important inner kinetochore joint. The Ctf19‐Mcm21 binding motif in Okp1 configures a branch of mitotic inner kinetochores, by tethering Ctf19‐Mcm21 and Chl4CENP‐N‐Iml3CENP‐L. Absence of this motif results in dependence on the mitotic checkpoint for viability.


Through studying and analyzing on the raw material and fuel for several customers of regenerating waste sulfuric acid by pyrolysis process,the raw material composition and fuel type applicable for the technology were de-termined.The results show that the raw material includes the waste sulfuric acid produced by alkylation unit and acetylene unit,the fuel includes natural gas,high-grade acetylene gas and gas.


Crowdsourcing platforms collect massive dirty claims that are provided by sources for crowdsourced objects, which prompts truth inference to be proposed for crowdsourcing data denoising. Although current graph-based truth-inference methods achieve remarkable success by capturing complex crowdsourcing relationships, they typically suffer from two challenges: 1) They fail to obtain complete crowdsourcing relationships because of the structural limitations of crowdsourcing relationship graphs; 2) Their vector initialization methods for objects and sources are disturbed by claim noise, which limits them from obtaining correct object and source semantics. To cope with these challenges, we propose a novel <bold>T</bold>ruth-<bold>I</bold>nference method via <bold>R</bold>eliability <bold>A</bold>ggregation (TIRA) on an object-source graph. Specifically, we propose a hierarchical graph auto-encoder to adapt to a reasonable object-source graph, which enables TIRA to capture complete crowdsourcing relationships from multiple perspectives. To better guide TIRA, we design a vector initialization method based on source reliabilities to map the denoised claims to a representation space of objects and sources. Finally, TIRA aggregates the reliability information on an object-source graph to generate object embeddings for truth inference. We conducted extensive experiments on 12 real-world datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms 12 state-of-the-art baselines in terms of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$accuracy$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wu-ieq1-3225308.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$weighted\_{F}1$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>w</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mi>h</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>_</mml:mo><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wu-ieq2-3225308.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>.


This paper presents current research status and progress of HACCP system in the aquaculture. Moreover, a HACCP based approach for evaluating the potential hazard in the aquaculture were proposed, and the critical control points (CCPs) were identified. It was suggested that corrective actions should be taken immediately at each CCP, so as to promote the establishment and implementation of the HACCP system in the aquaculture industry in China.