Abstract Renewable biomasses are used worldwide as inputs for energy production through processes, like Anaerobic Digestion (AD), which is a well-established technology to transform them into bio-gas and other by-products. Maize, triticale, sunflower and sorghum are energy crops frequently used as feedstocks in AD applications, mainly because of their high biogas potential. However, their cultivation generates some negative environmental impacts due to the direct and indirect land use changes. Therefore, it is important to seek for alternative species to replace some of them with others with lower environmental impacts while producing comparable biogas and energy yields. Industrial Hemp (IH) was documented in this literature review to be a suitable crop for AD applications with yields that are highly competitive with those of the energy crops being used now. Additionally, this literature review provided insight into the diversity of the methane yielding parts of the IH plants, with fresh leaves yielding the highest quantities. Finally, the authors of this literature review highlighted the need for research and development designed to expand the usage of IH as green biomass in AD plants, for efficient production of biogas and organic nutrients, and thereby, contributing to transitioning toward low fossil-carbon footprint societies. Graphical abstract


OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk.fi Author: Emad Ali Dlala Name of the dissertation: Magnetodynamic Vector Hysteresis Models for Steel Laminations of Rotating Electrical Machines Manuscript submitted 3 December 2007 Manuscript revised 28 February 2008 Date of the defense 11 April 2008 Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Faculty: Faculty of Electronics, Communications and Automation Department: Electrical Engineering Field of research: Electrical Machines Opponent(s): Prof. Oriano Bottauscio Supervisor: Prof. Antero Arkkio Instructor: Dr. Anouar Belahcen Abstract This thesis focuses on the modeling and prediction of iron losses in rotating electrical machines. The aim is to develop core loss models that are reasonably accurate and efficient for the numerical electromagnetic field analysis. The iron loss components, including hysteresis, classical eddy-current, and excess losses, are determined by modeling the dynamic hysteresis loops, whereby the incorporation of the core losses into the field solution is feasible and thus the influence of the core losses on the performance of the machine is investigated. The thesis presents a magnetodynamic vector hysteresis model that produces not only an accurate, overall prediction of the iron losses, but also explicitly models the magnetization behavior and the loop shapes. The model is found to be efficient, stable, and adequate for providing accurate predictions of the magnetization curves, and hence iron losses, under alternating and rotating flux excitations. It is demonstrated that the model satisfies the rotational loss property and reproduces the shapes of the experimental loops. In addition, a more simplified, efficient, and robust version of the magnetodynamic vector hysteresis model is introduced. The thesis also aims to analyze the convergence of the fixed-point method, examine the barriers behind the slow convergence, and show how to overcome them. The analysis has proved useful and provided sound techniques for speeding up the convergence of the fixed-point method. The magnetodynamic lamination models have been integrated into a two-dimensional finite-element analysis of rotating electrical machines. The core losses of two induction motors have been analyzed and the impact of core losses on the motor characteristics has been investigated. The simulations conducted reveal that the models are relatively efficient, accurate, and suitable for the design purposes of electrical machines.This thesis focuses on the modeling and prediction of iron losses in rotating electrical machines. The aim is to develop core loss models that are reasonably accurate and efficient for the numerical electromagnetic field analysis. The iron loss components, including hysteresis, classical eddy-current, and excess losses, are determined by modeling the dynamic hysteresis loops, whereby the incorporation of the core losses into the field solution is feasible and thus the influence of the core losses on the performance of the machine is investigated. The thesis presents a magnetodynamic vector hysteresis model that produces not only an accurate, overall prediction of the iron losses, but also explicitly models the magnetization behavior and the loop shapes. The model is found to be efficient, stable, and adequate for providing accurate predictions of the magnetization curves, and hence iron losses, under alternating and rotating flux excitations. It is demonstrated that the model satisfies the rotational loss property and reproduces the shapes of the experimental loops. In addition, a more simplified, efficient, and robust version of the magnetodynamic vector hysteresis model is introduced. The thesis also aims to analyze the convergence of the fixed-point method, examine the barriers behind the slow convergence, and show how to overcome them. The analysis has proved useful and provided sound techniques for speeding up the convergence of the fixed-point method. The magnetodynamic lamination models have been integrated into a two-dimensional finite-element analysis of rotating electrical machines. The core losses of two induction motors have been analyzed and the impact of core losses on the motor characteristics has been investigated. The simulations conducted reveal that the models are relatively efficient, accurate, and suitable for the design purposes of electrical machines.


This important new book presents a state-of-the-art assessment of how economic models can be used by different levels of government to combat environmental problems. It considers policies for climate change and transport that can be used at federal and confederal levels of government.


Doctoral student experience has been seen to have impact on study satisfaction and further the successful degree completion. Earlier research suggests that students need different forms of support during their studies. Therefore, this study investigates how different forms of support effect on doctoral students' experience in progress, particularly in experienced progress in research. The study was conducted in one Department of Industrial Engineering and Management in Finland. The quantitative data (N=64) was collected for the study. The results indicate that only network and peer support has a positive effect on students' experienced progress in research.


AbstractIn brazes of pure nickel with Ni-Si-B filler metals, nickel boride forms in the central region of the brazed gap by solidification, and in the pure nickel base metal along bothjointfaying surfaces by solid state diffusion and precipitation. During subsequent heat treatment, the gap boride gradually decomposes and dissolves, while the lining boride along the joint faying surfaces increases both in size and quantity. This phenomenon is the result of an uphill diffusion of boron from the brazed gap, which remains very much a ternary Ni-Si-B system, into the base metal, which is largely a binary Ni-B system owing to the rapid diffusion of boron ahead of silicon into the base metal. The driving force for such diffusion is the high chemical potential of boron in the gap owing to the presence of silicon, which substantially lowers the solubility of boron in y-Ni. On the other hand, the separation between the opposite lining boride layers increases with brazing time and is controlled by the diffusion of s...


Editor Dental Register.—Dear Doctor: The Na tional Dental Protective Association sends you greet ingand announces that it has won the final decree in the Court of Appeals against Taggart in the Taggart-Boynton suit. Enclosed is copy of the Decision, also our By-Laws. Will you help to get a thousand new members in an Association which can protect its members as demonstrated by this decision. The fund so raised is needed to meet the expenses incurred. Our attorneys have not been paid, as they took the case on a contingent fee and are now entitled to their pay. M. F. Finley, E. P. Dameron, 1928 Eye St. N. W., St. Louis. Secy.-Treas. President. Washington, D. C., March 1, 1913.


Double metering for metering the fluid to an engine intake, comprising a body in which are arranged a first and a second lane, in which are positioned the first and second movable wall parts, said dispenser further comprising an actuating motor and a kinematic simultaneously actuating the first flap and the second flap, characterized in that the drive is formed to ensure the determination of flow through the first output channel by rotation of the first component, the position of the second component being fixed, proportional dosing on the two output channels by simultaneous rotation of the two components, and determining the flow through the second output path by rotation of the second component, the position of the first part being fixed.


As a common geological disaster in the Loess Plateau, loess collapse has a huge impact on local industry, agriculture, transportation and water conservancy projects. Loess collapse is due to instability caused by the influence of weather, topography, soil type, human engineering activities and other factors that cause environmental destruction. To reveal the relationship between the collapse of loess and its influencing factors, a calculation model for the probability of loess collapse was proposed in this study. In this study, the causes of loess collapse were analyzed by establishing a multivariate aggregate structure. Stochastic Petri net and its isomorphic Markov chain were applied to examine the collapse process and the accuracy of the model was verified through experiments. Results demonstrate that road network density and soil stability have large utilization rate and great influence on the entire system. The daily temperature difference and daily rainfall below 10 °C and 30 mm strongly influence the probability of collapse warning. The change of road network density affects the probability of early warning, but the effect decreases with the increase of density. By examining the early warning mechanism of loess collapse, this study provides a reference value for the prevention and control of other types of loess collapse disasters.


To the first repeating unit represented by formula (1); To a second repeating unit represented by the following formula (2); And it has a glass transition temperature not higher than 25 ℃ or Young's modulus (Young modulus?) Is not less than 10MPs polymer containing repeating units of the third unit for forming the polymer: [Formula 1] [Chemical Formula 2] In Formula


The paper  provides a detailed analysis of crude oil and oil products  export from Russia to countries of the Asian Pacific Region  (APR) for the period 2016–2020. The analysis of  foreign trade flows demonstrates the ongoing reorientation of Russian crude  oil export from the European direction towards the APR markets,  where the potential for further increase of supply exists. To  widen their export niches, Russian oil companies need to overcome  an excessive concentration of oil export on the markets of  limited number of APR countries. One possible way for achieving  this goal could be a participation in oil refining projects  on the territory of oil importing countries. The authors study  a phenomenon of emerging world trade in «ecologically clean oil»  using carbon offsets, which is an important emerging factor in  the global competition for export markets.


Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the denture hygiene habits among old age denture wearers. The purpose of the study was to explain about the methods of maintaining denture hygiene among denture wearers.
Methods: The present cross-sectional survey was conducted among denture wearer patients during follow-up appointment, using a self-administered structured questionnaire.
Results: The study sample consisted of a total of 324 participants; out of them, 211 (65.1%) were males and 113 (34.9%) were females. Regarding the method of maintaining denture cleanliness, most of the patients cleaned it with water only (57.1%), whereas patients who cleaned with brush and paste were less (35.8%) and very few cleaned it with a combination of water, brush and toothpaste (7.1%).
Conclusion: Majority of the patients cleaned their denture at least once daily and were provided with proper instructions from their dentist to maintain denture hygiene.


The realist film theory that Andre Bazin proposed during the 1950's is being revitalized in the recent years. Bazin understands films as "the art of the real" (Bazin, "La strada", Esprit, May, 1955). The essential link between film and reality was practically abandoned after Bazin's death during constructivism and postconstructivism. Paradoxically, it was from the irruption of photorealistic Computer Generated Images that film realism found its second life in the field of film studies. My research focuses on the sistematization of the Bazinian film realism. I propose a reading of Bazin's theory in three levels of realism. Each one of them points out how film and reality are linked. These levels are present and intercact with each other in the almost 2.600 film essays and reviews published by Bazin during his life. In my first chapter I distinguish between three distinctive features of the ontology of the photographic image. (1) The photographic image is a footprint of reality that certifies the (past) existence of the profilmic. (2) The objectivity of the camera guarantees that the photographic image is a registered image and not a created one. (3) The image of reality is transfered to the celluloid. As a result of these three peculiarities of the photographic process the individual is able to acknowledge reality through film. In this sense, film is, not only a representation but a re-presentation of reality. This process gives place to the material realism of film. In the second chapter I follow the distinction made by Bazin between those directors whom believe in reality and those who believe in the image. In this chapter I explain why the defense of determinated auteurs and films by Bazin answer not so much to personal preferences, but to a tendency towards modernism in society and in its cultural manifestation through filmic language. I distinguish between two dimensions of filmic language given by Bazin: plastic and montage. In these two main dimensions of languaje I offer a jerarquization of tools to show which ones help to achieve realism and why. The use of the tools of language results in a stilistic realism. The most original contribution to the understanding of Bazin's theory in this research is included in the third chapter, where I explore the bazininan concept of fond (essence) in films. This third level of realism goes beyond the materiality or use of concrete tools of representation and has to do with how the human condition is depicted through film. Due to the philosophical orientation of Bazin, his main concerns about the person in cinema are: subjectivity, comunity and trascendence. The realism of this third level is of an aesthetic kind. Key Words: Andre Bazin, Film Theory, Realism, Aesthetics, Ontology, Languaje


Storage time of platelet (PLT) concentrates has been negatively associated with clinical efficacy outcomes. The aim of this study was to quantify the association between storage time of PLT concentrates and interval to the next PLT transfusion for different types of PLT components, stored for up to 7 days and transfused to transfusion‐dependent hematooncology patients with thrombocytopenia.


`Double edge swaps' transform one graph into another while preserving the graph's degree sequence, and have thus been used in a number of popular Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling techniques. However, while double edge-swap MCMC sampling can, for any fixed degree sequence, sample simple graphs, multigraphs, and pseudographs uniformly, this is not true for graphs which allow self-loops but not multiedges (loopy graphs). Indeed, we exactly characterize the degree sequences where double edge swaps cannot reach every valid loopy graph and develop an efficient algorithm to determine such degree sequences. The same classification scheme to characterize degree sequences can be used to prove that, for all degree sequences, loopy graphs are connected by a combination of double and triple edge swaps. Thus, we contribute the first MCMC sampler that uniformly samples loopy graphs with any given sequence.


Light gauge steel frame (LSF) wall systems are increasingly used in residential and commercial buildings as load bearing and non-load bearing elements. Conventionally, the Fire Resistance Levels (FRL) of such building elements are determined using approximate prescriptive methods based on limited standard fire tests. However, recent studies have shown that in some instances real building fire time-temperature curves could be more severe than the standard fire curve, in terms of maximum temperature and rate of temperature rise. This has caused problems for safe evacuation and rescue activities, and in some instances has also lead to the collapse of buildings earlier than the prescribed fire resistance. Therefore a detailed research study into the performance of LSF wall systems under both standard fire and realistic fire conditions was undertaken using full scale fire tests to understand the fire performance of different LSF wall configurations. Both load bearing and non-load bearing full scale fire tests were performed on LSF walls configurations with varying number of plasterboard linings, and stud section sizes. The non-load bearing fire test results were utilized to understand the factors affecting the fire resistance of LSF walls, while load bearing fire test results were used to understand the effects exposure to realistic design fire time-temperature curves. This paper presents the results of full scale experimental study on different wall configurations, highlights the effects of realistic design fire time-temperature curves on wall panels and the factors affecting the fire resistance of LSF walls.


Taking the red bed containing saline deposit(gypsum,mirabilite,glauberite) in Sichuan Basin as the studying case,the depositional environment and the scope of the red beds containing saline deposits therein,as well as the distribution of the saline deposits within the rock masses of the red beds and their mineralogical features are expounded herein,and then,the pseudo-karst action resulted from the erosion of the saline deposits in the red beds that is different from the normal karst action of carbonate rock is discussed as well.Based on the actual cases of the construction of hydropower projects,the pseudo-karst morphologies of the rock masses of the red beds for the dam foundations are described along with the analyses made on the mechanism of the lower limits of both the pseudo-karst and the erosion,and furthermore,the lower limit erosion depths of the dam foundations consisting of the red beds with the pseudo-karst for several hydropower projects developed within Sichuan Basin are given at the same time,so as to provide the relevant geological bases for determining the anti-seepage depths for the rock masses of the dam foundations concerned.


An inventory of trees and shrubs in CUCBA was updated based on the work of one of the authors. For this purpose, tours werecarried out in the facilities of the University Center and thus validate the presence of the previously listed species. Thenomenclature of the taxa, their origin, and information on the presence of mistletoe and the risk status were added. A list of 214species of trees and shrubs in 148 genera of 61 families is presented. Of these, the five most diverse represent 32% of the totaland Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Pinaceae stand out. The number of species added to the previous work are 95 and 51 that nolonger exist were eliminated. Sheets with photographs of some representative species are presented. Of the total species, 156are trees and 58 are shrubs, so far, the largest number of tree species recorded in the entire University Network. Regarding theorigin of the trees and shrubs, 133 are native to Mexico and the rest are introduced. Of the 133 native taxa, 97 are trees, whichalso represents the largest number of native tree species on the Network. The contribution of the Didactic Botanical Garden ofthe Institute of Botany stands out for hosting a considerable number of these native species and contributing to teaching as avaluable teaching tool. CUCBA is home to emblematic and economically important species. The percentage of species infectedby mistletoes is 15%. In terms of conservation, 16 taxa are in some risk category of the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, on theIUCN Red List of threatened species 93 are registered, although only 22 present greater risk and 71 are registered in thecategory of Low Concern. In Appendix II of CITES 10 species are listed.


The integration of renewable energies in a local industrial environment is an urgent task to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Their energy intensive processes and local energy generation make waste management companies to optimal areas to analyze micro grids. The combination of the main task to process arriving waste and the reaction on micro grid needs without disregarding user preferences is the challenge that is focused with the following approach applying machine learning techniques. First, the amount of waste is predicted with an artificial neural network. Then, the waste processing is optimized via an augmented Lagrangian algorithm regarding the energy costs that are based on volatile energy prices influenced from renewable energies. In addition, the optimization regards user preferences, which are learned from a user feedback with a support vector machine. For the user interaction, an active learning paradigm is used. The approach is applied on biological waste treatment process in the waste management company of the district of Warendorf. The results show that the energy consumptions can be controlled in a micro grid context within the frame of user preference.


This paper considers the idea of using the Radon transform to extract the orientation features of lines in binary images. The Radon transform sends a line at a particular orientation in image space to a point in feature space. The ensuing set of points in feature space is called a sinogram. This computation is usually performed for a large group of angles (over the interval [0,179] degrees taken in integer increments in this paper). Therefore, linear features at specific orientations will be mapped to points having maximum value at particular angles. For angular spacing of at least 5 degrees, the peaks of the sinogram at the angles corresponding to the orientations of the lines will be clearly visible (in a bar plot of sinogram peaks) above sinogram values at other angles. The mapping from image space to feature space accomplished by the Radon transform which maps rectangular coordinates (x,y) to coordinates (range, angle) provides for the garnering of the orientation of the linear features in binary images. In particular, the coordinates (range, angle) in the sinogram allow for distinguishing between lines oriented at one angle versus lines oriented at another angle or angles. This particular property of the sinogram allows for the extraction of the orientation features of lines in an image.


We read with interest the recent article by Vriens et al. published in Diabetic Medicine [1]. The authors question the screening tools used to test for the presence of peripheral artery disease in people with diabetic foot ulcers. This is important because the complications of diabetes limit all commonly used, non-invasive, bedside tests for peripheral artery disease. The utility of these tests in consecutive people presenting with ulceration, with and without infection, provides important information to guide clinical practice in a clinically relevant environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


- The main aim of this project is to sort different types of fasteners by using a computer vision system. Sorting of various types of fasteners can be carried out using image processing techniques. Real time images are feeded to a system and image processing is to be done by using OpenCV. This image processing technique is applied for the image uploaded, and appropriate processing is done. By using Watershed Algorithm, it is easy in separating different objects in an image. We can also use webcam focused on the products in the sorter in order to perform image processing. Image processing involves feature extraction and object detection techniques to identify the different types of fasteners. The sorter is fed with this processed information which enables easier segregation and sorting of the fasteners.


We study the 1/2 BPS and 1/4 BPS sectors of the worldvolume theory of a stack of k M5-branes. Via a theorem by Atiyah (1), these sectors can be captured by a supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model on CP 1 with target space the based loop group of SU(k). The 1/2 BPS sector of the M5-brane worldvolume theory, described by L 2 - cohomology classes, forms modules over an ane Lie algebra, while the 1/4 BPS sector, described by chiral dierential operators, forms modules over a toroidal Lie algebra. We also compute the partition functions of the 1/2 BPS and 1/4 BPS sectors, and nd that they are, respectively, a modular form and an automorphic form for SO(2; 2;Z). The symmetry of the 1/4 BPS sector under the SO(2; 2;Z) T-duality group corroborates the fact that the worldvolume theory is described by tensionless strings.


This thesis amis to analyze the relation between film and literature in 1970s-1980s in Taiwan, and attempts to compare the four works of fiction and their film adaptation. Since the 1970s, the series of international events affected Taiwan's international status. The adverse international arena made a crisis consciousness among the citizens and the intellectuals. They were concerned with Taiwan's politics and the transition from an agricultural economy to commercial one. As the social consciousness raged on, more literary works and films described the impact of economic change on the lives of the most vulnerable of the society. As a result, it created a trend and tenor of the native-soil movement and the native-soil literature debate in 1977. After the debate, the issue of nativist literature and films expanded into ideological conflicts between modernism/nativism, westernization/nationalism, economic imperialism/economic autonomy. This thesis attempts to illustrate the connection between the nativist literature, Taiwanese health realism films and Taiwanese new cinema films. Nuclear to this study was a comparative study between four works of Taiwanese native-soil fiction, published mainly between the 1960s to 1970s, and their film adaptations produced in the 1970s-1980s. According to the point of view, this paper examined the alterations that had occurred in the film in reference to the following variables: setting, characterization, plot, music, and other alterations. Although the emphasis of this study is on the impact of social changes on film adaptations, this study also focus on the rhetoric of film such as point of view, tone and symbolism.


Individual human tumors arise through a combination of genetic and epigenetic changes that facilitate immortality. Cancer occurs when there are changes to genes that control the way our cells grow and divide.. The increase in the prevalence of cancer with lack of specific treatment options became public health problem particularly in middle and low income nations. Activation of the immune system by products of viral oncogene prevents viral induced cancers. The in vitro stimulation of Dendritic cells with tumor or tumor antigen in the presence of cytokines for cross activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells or restoration of T cells functions  by blockade of immune blockers or modification tumor microenvironment or  adoptive transfer  of immune cells and stem T cells are promising cancer therapies. Compared with the convectional cancer therapies, immunotherapies are most tumors targeted without harmful side effects. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/59-03 Publication date :September 30 th 2019


The VetBiobank was established in 2007 as part of the VetCore Facility for Research at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna. The primary objectives of the VetBiobank are (1) to achieve comprehensive collections of high quality animal samples to support research projects and (2) to provide biological reference material as controls e.g. for method verification. Currently, collections mainly contain tumor tissues and healthy reference tissues from cats and dogs, but also a small number of biospecimens from other diseases and other species, including macaque, horse, pig, and small companion animals. A total number of around 58000 individual samples are stored. The VetBiobank is partner of BBMRI.at (the Biobanking and BioMolecular resource Research Infrastructure Austria [1]), the Austrian national node of the European research infrastructure BBMRI-ERIC [2], comprising the only member with a focus on veterinary medicine. Funding statement: The VetBiobank is part of the central research facility of the University of Veterinary Medicine, which takes over personnel and running costs. Additionally, the VetBiobank was and is currently supported by two grants from the federal ministry of Austria to BBMRI.at (BMWFM GZ: 10.470/0016-II/3/2013, BMBWF GZ: 10.470/0010-V/3c/2018).


Individuals with breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) or BRCA2 germline mutations have a significantly increased lifetime risk for breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA‐mutant cancer cells have abnormal homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA. In these tumors, the base excision repair (BER) pathway is important for cell survival. The poly(adenosine diphosphate‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes play a key role in BER, and PARP inhibitors are effective in causing cell death in BRCA‐mutant cells while sparing normal cells—a concept called synthetic lethality. PARP inhibitors are the first cancer therapeutics designed to exploit synthetic lethality. Recent clinical trials in BRCA‐mutant, metastatic breast cancer demonstrated improved outcomes with single‐agent PARP inhibitors (olaparib and talazoparib) over chemotherapy. However, resistance to PARP inhibitors remains a challenge. Primarily due to myelosuppression, the combination of PARP inhibitors with chemotherapy has been difficult. Novel combinations with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other targeted therapies are being pursued. In this review, the authors discuss current knowledge of PARP inhibitors in BRCA‐mutant breast cancer and potential future directions for these agents. Cancer 2018;124:2498‐506. © 2018 American Cancer Society.


Compared with one-pass pumped system, diode laser two-pass pumped Tm:YAG lasers in an active mirror configuration will result in a 24% decrease in threshold and 16% increase in slope efficiency. Using a 3-W diode-laser as the pump source, we demonstrated CW and AO Q-switched Tm:YAG lasers in an active mirror configuration. The maximum output power in CW operation exceeded 765 mW and the corresponding slope efficiency reached 45%. In the AO Q-switched operation, we obtained 1.2 mJ output energy with a pulse width of 370 ns when the repetition rate was 120 Hz.


TotheEditor:In2005,we(SP,S-CH)reportedachildwitha resected pulmonary congenital cystic adenomatoid mal-formation (CCAM) who later developed a botryoid embry-onal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) at the site of the lung cyst[1]. We have since shared our case with the InternationalPleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry. Together with thoseconsultants,wewanttocorrecttheoriginalreport.Thecaseisan example of pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) rather thanRMS at the site of a lung cyst.PPB Registry pathologists (DAH, LPD) reviewed theclinical case and histologic sectionsfrom all three surgeries.Clinical findings and pathology from the initial surgerysupport the diagnosis of PPB in its cystic early form, Type IPPB (Fig. 1, original report). Beneath the benign lining ofthe multilocular cystic lesion is a condensed layer of smallproliferatingcellswitharhabdomyosarcomatousphenotype.Ayearlater,apredominantlysolidneoplasmemerged,whichhad a blastemal appearance in areas and spindle elementsintermixed with the rhabdomyosarcomatous component(Fig. 2, original report). The post-chemotherapy specimenrevealschemotherapyeffectandresidualrhabdomyoblasts,anodule of primitive cartilage and areas with a chondroidappearance.TheblastemalandchondroidareasdifferentiatePPB from typical embryonal RMS. Including the clinicalprogressionfromacysticTypeIlesiontotheemergenceofacomplex solid Type II/III neoplasm, the overall findings aretypical of PPB.TypeIPPBisasingleormoreoftenamultilocularcystinperipherallungparenchymafeaturingaprimitivemesenchy-mal-cellproliferation(cambiumlayer)inthestromabeneatha benign epithelial cyst lining [2] (Fig. 1, original report).The proliferation may be subtle in the absence of overtrhabdomyoblastic differentiation. It is often mistaken bothclinically and radiographically for a benign congenital cyst,inparticularCCAMtype4[3],asdiscussedelsewhere[4–6].Upon reevaluation, many such cases in the literature arediagnosed PPB (data available from the PPB Registry).Recurrences of Type I PPB are usually Type II and IIIdisease. The solid components of Types II and III PPB area collage of fibrosarcoma-like, blastemal, cartilaginous,rhabdomyosarcomatous,and anaplasticfoci (Fig.2,originalreport) [2].WhyisitimportanttoidentifylesionsspecificallyasPPB?First, cystic Type I PPB is not a benign cystic malformation.It is the initial morphologic manifestation of a uniqueprogression sequence into Type II and/or Type III PPB.Second,unlikeRMS,therearestronggeneticimplicationstothe PPB diagnosis; in approximately 25% of cases there isadditional neoplasia and dysplasia in PPB patients or theiryoung relatives [7]. Third, in contrast to other childhoodsarcomas including RMS, PPB has a striking propensity tocentral nervous system metastasis [8,9].Weappreciatetheopportunitytocorrecttheinterpretationof this case.Shyun Pai,


An organic dye-doped polymer laser with a novel wavelength-tuning mechanism is proposed. This device is a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser realized by using a couple of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), on which a dye-doped polymer thin film and a polydimethylsiloxane film are deposited individually. One of the DBRs is electrically driven to vary the effective cavity length. Under the optical excitation, tunable lasing operation with high stability can be achieved when immersion oil is used for the refractive index matching in the cavity. Since the device operation mechanism proposed here is quite simple, it is promising for designing a compact laser device with wide, precise, and electrically driven wavelength tunability.


The aim of this paper is to provide a critical summary of the literature regarding the relationship between wage dispersion and sickness absenteeism. From a theoretical point of view, according to the tournament theory, this relation could be either i) negative, due to the incentive effect induced by the expected attribution of the largest prize to the most productive worker or ii) positive, because of adverse working conditions associated to required increased productivity in order to win the prize. On the other hand, according to a group of theories based on fairness considerations, this relation could be i) positive, because of the lower cooperation induced among the workforce, or ii) negative, if a higher wage dispersion is perceived as a sign of gratitude by the more productive workers. We present the very few studies we are aware of analyzing the influence of wage dispersion on sickness absenteeism with particular attention devoted to the empirical results that have been obtained for the Belgian private sector.


ABSTRACT ONLY one specific study on the respiratory system of the turkey has been found. This consisted of two papers published in 1953 by Cover. Cover reviewed the observations of previous investigators on the chicken. He pointed out that in general all reports agree on the number of air sacs in the chicken (4 paired and 1 single) but they often have been named differently. Disagreement centers around the cervical or thoraco-cervical and the posterior thoracic air sacs. Cover (1953b) observed in the turkey that "the paired posterior thoracic and thoraco-cervical as well as the single anterior thoracic air sacs are combined into a single large compartment, the aggregate sac, which communicates with the air passageways of the lung at its anterior ventral border. There are two unions, one with a ventral bronchus and another with an area of several parabronchi. The combined sacs have the same location and visceral relations . . .


A stochastic differential game problem for wideband noise driven system is considered. Often in applications, one have a single realization, then expectation is not appropriate in the cost function. First we will consider the payoff structure in the pathwise but not necessarily in the expected value sense. For N-person noncooperative games, under very general conditions, it will be shown that the optimal equilibrium policies of the limit diffusion when applied to the physical processes, will be δ-equilibrium as the parameters e > 0 and T→ ∞. A combination of direct averaging and perturbed test function techniques will be used in convergence analysis. Results are shown to hold when mathematical expectations are used in the payoff structure. Two person zero sum games can also be considered in this framework


Agricultural production, agro-industrial food processing, distribution and consumption generate high Amounts of varied food by-products and waste which place a heavy burden on the environment and cause losses to the food industry. The most common disposal methods of food wastes are the use of landfills and incineration, which lead to several environmental, social, and economic issues. However, many of these by-products and wastes have been reported to be higher than the final product in terms of nutritional or functional properties, making them potential raw materials for application in the agro-food industry. Together with the recent sustainable development goals of food security, environmental protection, and energy efficiency, these are the key reasons why food waste valorization is necessary. Valorization of food waste within the bio-economy approach offers an economical and environmental opportunity that can serve as a solution to the issues faced with the conventional disposal methods. Traditionally, in Africa, especially in Cameroon, food by-products and waste have been valorized into a range of products for application in food and food preparation, including food additives and spices, food emulsifiers and stabilizers, food salts and nutraceuticals. Traditional Waste valorization methods could achieve sustainable development in technologically underdeveloped countries by going beyond improving agro-food waste management to the production of useful biochemicals, food ingredients and food products, which can be referred to as value added products from waste. In addition, the processing and conversion of these agro-food by-products and waste generated in the poor regions of the world for the production and formulation of novel foods and biochemicals will directly benefit the local communities by reducing environmental pollution and increasing income in the food industry. This review aims at providing insight into current trends in food waste valorization using traditional methods in an African country such as Cameroon. This paper presents the variety and type of food waste within the food chain that can be valorized into various products using traditional methods. Furthermore, a series of examples of key food waste valorization schemes and value added products as case studies to demonstrate the advancement in traditional bioconversions are described, bringing out the opportunities and challenges for the Cameroon bioeconomy.


After transitioning to a new environment, species often exhibit rapid phenotypic innovation. One of the fastest mechanisms for this is duplication followed by specialization of existing genes. When this happens to a member of a gene family, it tends to leave a detectable phylogenetic signature of lineage-specific expansions and contractions. These can be identified by analyzing the gene family across several species and identifying patterns of gene duplication and loss that do not correlate with the known relationships between those species. This signature, termed phylogenetic instability, has been previously linked to adaptations that change the way an organism samples and responds to its environment; conversely, low phylogenetic instability has been previously linked to proteins with endogenous functions. With the increase in genome-level data, there is a need to identify and quantify phylogenetic instability. Here, we present Minimizing Instability in Phylogenetics (MIPhy), a tool that solves this problem by quantifying the incongruence of a gene's evolutionary history. The motivation behind MIPhy was to produce a tool to aid in interpreting phylogenetic trees. It can predict which members of a gene family are under adaptive evolution, working only from a gene tree and the relationship between the species under consideration. While it does not conduct any estimation of positive selection—which is the typical indication of adaptive evolution—the results tend to agree. We demonstrate the usefulness of MIPhy by accurately predicting which members of the mammalian cytochrome P450 gene superfamily metabolize xenobiotics and which metabolize endogenous compounds. Our predictions correlate very well with known substrate specificities of the human enzymes. We also analyze the Caenorhabditis collagen gene family and use MIPhy to predict genes that produce an observable phenotype when knocked down in C. elegans, and show that our predictions correlate well with existing knowledge. The software can be downloaded and installed from https://github.com/dave-the-scientist/miphy and is also available as an online web tool at http://www.miphy.wasmuthlab.org.


3D high resolution Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey was performed in the Crypt of the Duomo of Lecce (South Italy), built in 1114. The GPR data revealed us a stratified subsoil in which there is a distribution, with the depth, of several "remains" referable to different epochs. Here we present and discuss the experimental evidences, comparing them with the historical-archaeological documentation. We think that they constitute a valid contribution to the knowledge of the ancient stratigraphy, as well as of the Roman history of Lecce, especially because of many suppositions have not yet found a confirmation.


The vibrational de‐excitation process H2O(010)+H2O(000) →H2O(000)+H2O(000) has been investigated to determine its temperature dependence at low temperatures recognizing the manifestation of strong molecular attraction at such temperatures and considering the transfer of vibrational energy to both the oscillatory motion of weakly‐bound complexes and the free rotational motion. The model predicts large values of the de‐excitation probability with a strong negative temperature dependence in 200–400 °K; the probability varies from 0.46 at 200 °K to 0.16 at 400 °K.


Liquidity coverage and net stable funding ratios are liquidity risk measures highlighted by Basel III banking regulation. This paper estimates these measures by using 2002 to 2012 global liquidity data for LIBOR-based banks in 36 countries. Furthermore, the paper compares the aforementioned Basel III liquidity risk measures to the more traditional nonperforming assets ratio, return-on-assets, LIBOR-OISS, Basel II Tier 1 capital ratio, government securities ratio and brokered deposits ratio. Moreover, we use a hazard model to show that Basel III liquidity risk measures have low predicting power in relation to bank failure. Also, their traditional counterparts are better in this respect. In fact, we prove that higher liquidity coverage and net stable funding ratios are associated with higher bank failure rates. We also find that LIBOROISS (proxy for market-wide liquidity risk) accurately predicted 2009 and 2010 bank failures while other liquidity risk measures (proxies for idiosyncratic liquidity risk) were not as reliable.


This paper deals with the detail variation of petal venation in Ranunculus diffusus DC. of the family Ranunculaceae. Out of 40 petals examined, only 4 petals shows various type as of anastomoses according to Foster's classification, and the out of 4 petals, only one petal has been noted as new type of anastomoses which has not been indicated in Foster's classification. Detailed anastomoses of the veins were observed at the same time which region of petal, anastomosis occurs. Each petal has been divided into three parts: basal, central and distal region. Similarly longitudinal portion of a petal can be divided as right costal, middle and left costal by keeping the ad axial surface of the petal upward. Among the different types of anastomosis, type IV of Foster has been noted in only two petals out of 40 studied petals, whereas type V and type I is seen only in 1 petal, each out of 40 studied petals. The 2 veins are waited to form one bundle, a new type which has not recognized earlier by Foster (1966) in his 6 types of anastomoses. This is the new type of anastomosis. The other type of anastomoses type II, type III and type VI are not seen in present studied specimens, with accordance to percentage of anastomoses. The total number of dichotomies in each petal varies from 2 to 11.


Objective: The present study was performed to identify the phytochemical constituents of leaves and flowers of a plant Spermadictyon suaveolens extracted with four different solvents. Methods: Dried and powdered samples were subjected to soxhlation based on the polarity of the solvents. The extracts were scanned using Ultra Violet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry with the wavelength ranging from 200–800 nm by comparing the absorption spectrum with the spectra of known compounds, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry was used to find out the functional groups of the compounds and GC-MS system consisting of a Perkin Elmer Technologies Model Clarus 680 GC equipped with Clarus 600 (EI) was used to identify the metabolites by matching their recorded mass spectra with the standard mass spectra from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST05. LIB) libraries provided by the software of the GCMS system (TurboMass version 5.4.2). Results: The phytochemical tests indicated the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins and terpenoids from the chloroform extract of leaves and flowers. UV-visible spectrophotometer results indicated a wavelength range between 230–660 nm for the flower and leaf extracts for major peaks. FT-IR analysis indicated major functional groups such as aromatic, primary, secondary and aliphatic amines, alkanes, carboxylic acids and amides. GC-MS analysis results revealed major bioactive compounds in the crude extracts. Conclusion: Presence of secondary metabolites has been identified from the phytochemical studies. Many phyto-compounds have been identified from the leaves and flowers of using GC-MS analysis. Hence, this medicinal plant may be used as a source for treating many diseases.


In this study,the responses of Porphyridium sp.cells with salt-elevated bound polysaccharide to the stress of high proton flux density (HPFD) or chilling temperature (4 ℃) was studied in order to evaluate possible biological roles of the induced polysaccharides under environmental stresses. Addition of 0.05% polysaccharides to the Porphyridium sp.culture caused the photosynthetic activity decreased under HPFD but increased under chilling temperature (4 ℃) compared to control (culture without external addition of polysaccharide). The PSⅡ efficiency (Fv/Fm) decline was not significantly affected with the exogenous polysaccharide. Within 48 h after removal of salt from the cultures,both photosynthetic activity of the salt pre-treated cells measured under HPFD and chilling temperature (4 ℃) and bound polysaccharide content returned to the levels of un-treated cells. However,the PSⅡ efficiency of the recovery cultures measured under HPFD still kept at a higher level,especially after 6 hours,compared with control and salt treated cultures,suggesting that the high polysaccharide content induced by the salt stress may enhance PSⅡ tolerance to high photon flux density.


The current surge of Covid-19 has affected the human world in entirety. It has brought the dynamic world to a standstill position. The current study is set to focus on the impact of Covid-19 on the educational sector in the context of developing countries such as Pakistan. In Pakistan before Covid-19, the educational sector was grappling with the issue of provision of basic education to every child as well as overcoming the gender disparities on each level of enrolments in educational institutes. The pandemic has further worsened this situation. The effects are more severe and vivid in the vulnerable communities and thus widen the gender gap in accessing education. Consequently, in order to unpack the impact of Covid-19 on the unprivileged female students' learning process, their social and psychological issues, a qualitative research design using semi structured interviews was opted. The study showed that Covid-19 has increased and enhanced the vulnerability of this marginalized group and calls for initiative and incentives from the state and policy makers


In the discussion Travel Marketing: Industry Relationships and Benefits by Andrew Vladimir, Visiting Assistant Professor, School of Hospitality Management at Florida International University, the author initially states: "A symbiotic relationship exists among the various segments of the travel and tourism industry. The author has solicited the thinking of 37experts and leaders in the field in a book dealing with these relationships and how they can be developed to benefit the industry. This article provides some salient points from those


About 20 years have passed since CTS (Computerized Typesetting System) has been introduced to the printing industry. The recent development of computer technology has completely changed the style of de vices and systems compared to the early days of CTS. Composition techniques for the Japanese language have sonic conspicuous features that originate in the culture of Japan. The Japanese language utilizes both "Kanji" charact ers, which were imported from China, and "Kana" characters, which were domestically in vented. While "Kanji" characters are ideograms, "Kana" characters are phonograms. Because Japanese is written with these two different types of characters mixed in between, Japanese composition has such uni que styles called "Furigana" and "Warichu". Also, composition for text with Japanese and English charac ters used together is commonplace. Thus, the composition rules used in Japan are a mixture of rules for different languages and have become very complex.


Nearly 400 bird species occur along the lower Colorado River (Rosenberg et al. 1991), and Yuman communities that have historically lived along the lower Colorado surely knew and named many of them. However, judging from modern sources, this knowledge has been fading over time. For example, the ~6,700-entry Mojave dictionary (Munro et al. 1992; also spelled "Mohave") lists 105 unique bird names, and past speakers likely knew specific species referents for many of these, yet 53 are glossed as a "type of" something while many others are given generic definitions that preclude identifying an exact species referent (e.g., 'big bird', 'chickenhawk', 'eagle'). Studying such knowledge today is complicated by at least three factors: (1) changes to traditional ecological knowledge that have accompanied man-made changes to the lower Colorado River ecosystem, which has caused many species to decline while allowing other formerly-rare or new species to expand their use of the lower Colorado (Rosenberg et al. 1991: 14–28); (2) historical migrations away from the lower Colorado River and toward the Gila and Salt Rivers in central Arizona by the Piipaash (also spelled "Pee Posh", a.k.a. "Maricopa"; see Rea 1983, 2007 for changes to the Gila River ecosystem); and (3) the general decline in the intergenerational transmission of linguistic and cultural knowledge that Yuman communities have experienced. However, we can turn to the information that past speakers of these languages shared with early linguists and anthropologists about these birds, especially through their oral traditions, to identify exact referents for many such names, and thus reconstruct a small part of the rich ecological knowledge that they possessed.


The 3-fold series terms Lower, middle, and Upper Permian are replaced with a 2-fold classification, Lower and Upper Permian. Rocks above the base of the Whitehorse Formation are classified as Upper Permian. The West Texas Permian stage names, Wolfcampian, Leonardian, Guadalupian, and Ochoan are replaced with locally-derived stage names, Gearyan and Cimarronian. The Permian rock-stratigraphic unit "Taloga Formation" is abandoned and replaced with "Big Basin Formation." One additional member, Kiger Shale, is recognized in the Whitehorse Formation. The Pennsylvanian group term "Pedee" is abandoned. The Douglas Group is amended and redefined to include units previously included in the Pedee Group in addition to the stratigraphic units previously included.


The paper deals with the stress gradients close to the weld toe. The presented method describes completely the plane stress
field by means of two stress intensity factors due to the sharp open notch, quantifying separately the symmetric and
skew-symmetric stress distributions. In such a way it is formally revised a fatigue strength criterion based on the knowledge
of the complete stress field near the singularity, already proposed by Atzori and more recently by Verreman.


The necessity of the modification of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is explained from the aspects of the composition,structure,physics and chemical properties and processing technique of PTFE.The surface modification,filling modification and blending modification of PTFE are introduced in detail,and the future development of the modification of PTFE is also pointod out.


Not waving shows I'm rude, an outsider;

we three had driven and driven and drove: our sons
were left behind.


Apoptotic cell death is induced by the cross‐linking of Fas/APO‐1 receptor (CD95) in acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) cells. Since CD95 ligand (CD95L) is expressed on interleukin‐2 (IL‐2)‐activated T cells, we investigated the involvement of CD95‐CD95L pathway in T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against AML cells. Activated CD8+ T cells could efficiently kill a parental CD95‐sensitive AML cell line, MML‐1 and, to a lesser extent, a CD95‐resistant clone, MML‐1R. Neither MML‐1 nor MML‐1R cells were killed by activated CD4+ T cells. The blocking monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against CD95, ZB4, caused a significant inhibition of T‐cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against MML‐1 cells, but not against MML‐1R cells. Interestingly, MML‐1 cells underwent the classic nuclear morphologic changes and DNA fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis when cultured with activated T cells. Enumeration of apoptotic and necrotic nuclei showed that both apoptosis and necrosis were induced in MML‐1 cells, whereas necrosis was exclusively observed in MML‐1R cells. Apoptosis of MML‐1 cells was completely blocked in the presence of ZB4 MoAb. Similarly, blocking by ZB4 MoAb significantly inhibited T‐cell‐mediated lysis of fresh AML cells in a CD95‐sensitive group, but not in a CD95‐refractory group. In addition CD8+ T cells expressed CD95L mRNA more abundantly than CD4+ T cells upon activation by IL‐2. These findings suggest that T‐cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against AML cells requires participation of CD95‐CD95L pathway for cytotoxic signal transduction leading to target apoptosis.


Image processing is a computationally intensive application in which FPGAs are used to accelerate system performance. New design methodologies using High-Level Synthesis have enabled rapid development. Still, there are some doubts as to whether HLS tools can produce as quickly and efficiently as traditional RTL-based designs. We presented that HLS-based design can accelerate equivalently to an RTL-based design and reduce the system development time.


In this paper the evoked potential is used as a tool in quantifying the performance of various analgesic drugs. Evoked potential of the brain is always embedded in the EEG. To acquire the information about the functions of the brain, evoked potential has to be extracted from EEG signal. An instrumentation system has been developed to extract the evoked potential. This paper also presents techniques for extraction of evoked potential and shows how it can be used in the analysis of analgesic drugs.


Objective To observe the curative effect of mifepristone combined with infertility caused left levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system in acetone in treatment of adenomyosis.Methods 60 infertility patients in our hospital from 2010 May to 2011 August were adenomyosis in patients,randomly divided into treatment group and control group two groups.Treatment group was given mifepristone 25mg orally,once a day,and even served three months.And all the patients after informed consent voluntary use of levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system in acetone,by color Doppler ultrasound examination,by hand in 3-7 days in the menstrual medication at the same time,place left levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system in acetone,removed after 6 months.Control group was given mifepristone 25mg orally,once a day,and even served three months.The pregnancy,3,6,1 and 12 months were observed after stopping drug.Results Statistics were followed for up to 12 months,the average conception rate of treatment group 79%,control group mean pregnancy rate was 57%,total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The use of mifepristone combined with left levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system in acetone treatment of uterine adenomyosis patients can significantly improve the conception rate,the effect of adenomyosis infertility due to better than other methods,but also economic,security,convenient for patients to accept.


A method of forming a slot-less fixing Edition field winding is: and that each turn of insulated wire forming each coil winding insulation first coil group wound around the wire in a helical manner on the mandrel so as to be adjacent with the next turn of the insulated wire; After the formation of the first coil group, so as to position the insulated wire to the front side of each coil winding of the second coil group, and moves the insulated wire in an axial direction along the mandrel from the backside of each of the coil winding; Each coil winding insulation kite wire to the mandrel to form a second coil group wound around spirally; Removing the mandrel from the first coil group and the second coil group, and; Folding said coil groups are wound around the coil winding portion to be fitted with a single-layer web; And a step winding of the said web cylindrical body such that the field winding is formed.


It has been shown in recent years that the nickel-base Alloy 690 can become susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in the primary water of nuclear power plants with pressurized water reacto ...


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the complexity of the service offering (service complexity) affects the uncertainty during service operations in engineering services. Specifically, the authors compare the existence of organisational, relational, environmental and technological uncertainty in maintenance services and performance-based services.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors present insights from four cases – two each for maintenance services and performance-based services. The in-depth data were based on 56 semi-structured interviews, multiple site visits, meeting notes, service contracts and other secondary data.

Findings
The case findings indicate that organisational and relational uncertainty were not linked to service complexity, while observations of environmental and technological uncertainty were higher and more varied for performance-based services. Based on these findings, the authors formulate four propositions regarding the relationship between service complexity and uncertainty in service operations.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the OM literature by suggesting that external sources of uncertainty increase with increasing service complexity, while internal sources of uncertainty remain unchanged.


Nowadays,most of water resource information systems in China are based on collection,storage and simple processing of macro data regarding water resources from a perspective of resources.However,the information systems which solely emphasize resource management are hard to assist in management in practices,because critical problems on structures,transmission and share of basic data cannot be addressed.With the development of water demand,water quota systems,as a base of water demand management,are being improved.As management trades and water users increase,the content and task of water demand management is becoming more and more complex.In order to improve the efficiency of water demand management,it is quite necessary to strength the management,diversify the modes of management and speed up the information process of water demand management.Based on the management of the norm of water intake for public living in Beijing,the authors analyzed the structure of water demand management:the relationship among various entities in management system and the process of water demand management.On this basis,the authors discussed the structure of information processes of water demand management and preliminarily proposed the types,methods,routes and mechanisms of information transmissions and feedbacks between micro levels(end consumers,users) and macro levels(business,region and management departments) as well as among different levels in a variety of water-use processes in modern society.In addition,the authors investigated the information processes of water resources demand system,analyses of practical structure management,configuration of water-use management system and management processes.Based on the demand management cycle and practical processes,the authors also analyzed information processes,information flows among different water administrative departments and from water administrative departments to users as well as among users and the same-level departments.For information extraction and water resource demand types,all related information in information processes was further carried out in information resource development,mixing and organized management,information transmission,and organization exchange.Based on statistical methods and related standards,a vast amount of information in water resources demand management was further classified.The author preliminarily constructed a water management information system using MIS/3S techniques,which would provide a scientific basis for decision-making for water resource management in Beijing.


New agents are needed with the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Identification of plants with activity against MDR bacteria is of increasing importance. The antimicrobial activity of commercially available Graviola preparations against 38 clinical and laboratory isolates, representing MDR and drug-sensitive Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, was measured by broth microdilution. Commercially Graviola fruit, as well as leaves/stems preparations, exhibited both inhibitory and cidal activity. However, the fruit preparation showed significantly less activity than the leaves/stems preparation. The Graviola leaves/stems preparation activity titer ranged from 1:4 to 1:16 against MDR Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria; including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC). However, the preparation had no effect on Lactobacillus. In addition, further extractions of the leaves/stems were tested against MRSA and MSSA in an in-vitro biofilm wound infection model. The polar extracts of the stems/leaves exhibited the highest bactericidal activity in preventing and inhibiting biofilm formation. Thus, Graviola leaves/stems extracts showed differential activity for phytochemical utility against multidrug-resistant bacteria.


Acoustics has been integrated with archaeology to better understand the social and cultural context of past cultures. Specifically, public events such as rituals or ceremonies, where an appreciation of sound propagation was required to hold an event. Various acoustic techniques have been used to study archaeological sites, providing information about the building characteristics and organizational structures of ancient civilizations. This review aims to present recent advances in Archaeoacoustics worldwide over the last seven years (2016–2022). For this purpose, one hundred and five articles were identified and categorized into two topics: (1) Archaeoacoustics in places, and (2) Archaeoacoustics of musical instruments and pieces. In the first topic, three subtopics were identified: (1) measurement and characterization of places, (2) rock art, and (3) simulation, auralization, and virtualization. Regarding the first subtopic, it was identified that the standards for reverberation times in enclosures are generally applied in their development. In the second subtopic, it was determined that the places selected to make paintings were areas with long reverberation time. The last subtopic, simulation, auralization, and virtualization, is the area of most remarkable growth and innovation. Finally, this review opens the debate to seek standardization of a measurement method that allows comparing results from different investigations.


The invention relates to a solar cell with a silicon heterojunction, successively comprising: a doped crystalline silicon substrate (1); a passivation layer (2a); a layer (2b) of doped amorphous silicon of the opposite type to that of the substrate (1); and a layer (3) of a conductive transparent material; said cell being characterised in that it comprises, between the substrate (1) and the passivation layer (2a), a layer (5) of a crystalline material with a so-called ''high mobility of minority carriers'' wherein the mobility ([mu]m) of the minority carriers of substrate (1) is higher than the mobility of said minority carriers in substrate (1). The invention also relates to a method for producing such a solar cell.


Archivists and educators who seek to create successful public programs must base them on sound information about what their public wants. This case study, based on the author's experience in managing the National Archives school materials programs, describes simple ways to find this out and act on it.


Monodisperse seeded latex particles with a core–shell morphology were prepared by copolymerizing, via dropwise addition, styrene (St)–methyl methacrylate (MMA)–acrylic acid (AA) or St–MMA–methacrylic acid (MAA) onto monodisperse seed latex particles of P(St–MMA). The seeded particles thus prepared were subjected to an alkali/acid treatment in order to generate pores in the particles. For the same carboxylic acid content, the volume expansion of the particles due to pore generation was higher in the particles containing AA than in those containing MAA. The size of the pores increased with increasing AA content. However, a maximum particle volume expansion of about 50% was observed for the particles containing 8 mol % AA in the monomer mixture employed in the second stage, and an explanation for this optimum is suggested. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1455–1460, 1999


Trichoderma spp. have been the most common fungi applied as biological control agents (BCA) as an wide range of fungal diseases of crop plants. Its use have recorded good success rate in controlling major plant diseases. Trichoderma mainly based on the activation of single or multiple control mechanisms. It is known that the Trichoderma based biocontrol mechanisms mainly rely on mycoparasitism, production of antibiotic and/or hydrolytic enzymes, and competition for nutrients as well as induced plant resistance. This chapter reviews the recent updates on published research findings on mechanisms used by Trichoderma as biocontrol agent of fungal diseases of crop plants particularly Fusarium wilt disease of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.


Quantified components of the global food system are used to assess long-term global food security under a series of socio-economic, epidemic normalization and climate change scenarios. Here, we evaluate the global food security including the global farming system as well as the global food trade, reserve and loss systems from 1961 to 2019, and analyze their temporal and spatial characteristics by using the global food vulnerability (GFV) model. The spatio–temporal patterns of the vulnerability of the global food system were consistent with the GFSI. As food production and consumption vary greatly in different countries which have continued for a long time, food exports from many developed agricultural countries have compensated for food shortages in most countries (about 120 net grain-importing countries). As a result, many countries have relied heavily on food imports to maintain their domestic food supplies, ultimately causing the global food trade stability to have an increasing impact on the food security of most countries. The impact of global food trade on global food security increased from 9% to 17% during 1961–2019, which has increased the vulnerability of the global food system. The food damage in the United States, Russia, China, and India has varied significantly, and global cereal stocks have fluctuated even more since 2000. From 1961 to 2019, the food system security of some Nordic countries significantly improved, while the food system security of most African countries significantly deteriorated. Most countries with high food insecurity are located in Africa and South Asia. In order to cope with extreme events, these countries need to strengthen and improve their own food production and storage systems, which will help the World Food and Agriculture Organization to formulate relevant food policies and maintain sustainable development.


This study aims to investigate the social differences between IS and non IS students at NWU, Mafikeng Campus. It explores the knowledge about IS by determining the level of computer knowledge and interaction, and other facts. These items influence students' choices between taking IS as a field of study. By assumption, students must have acquired computer knowledge and skills as they pursue their career. The problem is that non IS students are not knowledgeable of computer hardware and software and would struggle. A quantitative research approach was used for this study. The findings from this study depicted that factors influencing students choice from not taking or going into IS/IT field of study were related to higher salary and lower level of computer literacy. Students are not informed of an IS career due to the lack of career orientation. The IS department should provide marketing strategies to increase IS career awareness.


Jenni Clarke explores the health benefits and cognitive development to be gained through playing with mud, in a series of three articles. Each one focusing on a particular aspect of effective learning.


The basic definitions of the field size and the difference between the geometric and radiation dimensions of small fields are described. Changes in the energy spectrum of photons with decreasing field size are described. It is shown that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) size of the lateral beam profile is the most indicative and essential parameter of the field size for accurate dosimetry of small fields. When describing data on small fields, it is recommended to specify both the FWHM and the geometric size of the field.


The larger study Twenty families and 24 children between the ages of 4 and 6 participated as volunteers in the study. All of the families were of low SES status and lived in a large urban metro politan area on the east coast of the United States. Ten of the families were African American, seven were Caucasian, two were Hispanic, and one was Asian American. All of the children spoke English as their primary language. As part of this study, field researchers vis ited the homes as participant observers to record all naturally occurring uses of print. The researchers were matched to families by ethnicity. Observation periods ranged from 2 to 3 months, during which the goal was to observe during the times the children were awake and present in the home for an aggregated week of activity. Thus, the researchers were present during wake-ups and breakfasts, middays, and on through dinners and bedtimes. At times, re searchers accompanied their assigned fami


The main objective of this study is to verify on what sort of evaluation the eighteen advisors of the physical education and sport's of monographs in Portugal base their judgement when evaluating students. An anonymous and confidential questionnaire was used to verify how their evaluation is processed. Only 38,9% of the advisors explain to their advisees the criteria, parameters, types and objectives of the evaluation that are used in their evaluations. In relation to the formative evalu ation, generally, the advisors, in every meeting, take their own conclusions in relation to future classifications, having to do constant feedbacks through a continuous evaluating system. Most of the advisors believe that they would be able to do a much better evaluation if they had more time to spend with their advisees. Finally, 66,7% of the supervisors believe that all the teaching courses should give higher value to the formation in the area of evaluation because it is important to know how to evaluate correctly, so as to be fairer with their students and to learn new evaluation strate - gies and instruments. The remaining advisors believe that there aren't enough subjects that actually train the future teachers, in their formation, how to evaluate their students.


In the presence of a high-frequency intense uniform electric field, the collisions of electrons with ions can be made more frequent or less frequent, depending on the polarization of the hf field, the direction and magnitude of particle velocity, and the ratio of the plasma Debye length to the size of the electron oscillation in the hf field. The stimulated bremsstrahlung emission is calculated for both circularly and linearly polarized fields.


Early marriage is a marriage that occurs in a woman with an age status below 20 years where the state of her reproductive organs is not fully mature and is still in the growth stage. This period is referred to as the young reproductive period, which means that although it can become pregnant and give birth, the body is not ready to become pregnant. Meanwhile, reproductive health is a complete physical, mental and social condition, not just free from disease or disability in all aspects related to the reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of Knowledge of Midwifery Students of Stikes Amanah Makassar Level II about the Impact of Early Marriage on Reproductive Health. This type of research is descriptive research and survey research design with direct interviews using questionnaires. The population in this study were all level II students who existed and studied at D3 Midwifery Stikes Amanah Makassar and the sample of this study were all level II students who existed and studied at D3 Midwifery Stikes Amanah Makassar and at the time the research was conducted, namely 25 people. The sampling technique used in this study was exedent sampling.


Speaking of Dino De Anna it is tough not to be overloaded by personal emotions in order to give to the readers a clear and honest image of him. He was born in Cordenons (Italy) 72 years ago. He graduated in Medicine at the University of Ferrara always playing rugby, always at the highest level, both with Petrarca Padova and Sanson Rovigo, winning two major series, in 1976 and 1977. As a young resident in Surgery he meets Mirella, Prof. Donini's trusty secretary, who will become his wife. Professor Donini, a pioneer in venous and lymphatic disease. Keen of the physical prowess of the young rugby player and knowing him interested in surgery, after a quick interrogatory, typical of his style, offers Him to become an attending physician at the Department of Surgery at University of Ferrara. And so the academic career of Dino De Anna began. Between '70 and '80's he completed the specialties in general, pediatric, and vascular surgery. Dino, being passionate of venous and lymphatic diseases, picked up and implemented the knowledges of his Masters in this specific field. We recognize the intuition to join phlebology and aesthetical medicine, thanks to the close relationship with Carlo Alberto Bartoletti, pioneer of aesthetical medicine in Italy.1 Moreover, the social aspects related to venous leg ulceration and lymphedema were always a battle horse in his conferences and lectures.2 Under the push of Prof. Donini, in November 1986 Dino was one of the founder members of the Italian Society of Phlebolymphology, becoming subsequently the President from 2000 to 2003. He was a mediator in the process of merging the major Italian Phlebologic Societies, culminated in 1996 into the birth of the Italian College of Phlebology. The international conferences of phlebolymphology he organized in the second half of the eighties are still remembered for the presence of the Gotha of phlebology at that time, including Stemmer, Van deer Stricht, Simkin, Altman Canestri, Cockett, Hobbs, Partsch, Ouvry. He chaired the institute of Surgical Pathology at the University of Sassari in the half of nineties, and the Institute of General Surgery at the University of Udine a few years later. From eclectic and dynamic man who was, He alternated the academic career to the politics, covering the position of Senator of the Italian Republic from 1996 to 2001. In phlebology are remembered his studies on minimally invasive venous surgery, being a pioneer in the angioscopy of the venous system and of the laser ablation of the greater saphenous vein.3,4 Mention should also be made of his numerous scientific contributions in diagnosis and treatment of lymphoedema. President of honor of the Italian College of Phlebology from 2011. He left us on March 29, 2018. I am certain that these few notes cannot define in exhaustive way the personality and the sensibility of a Man who always demonstrated honesty and good sense. Everybody remember his frank and direct speech. I will bring me inside his self-irony and modesty, the most characterizing tracts of the strong personality of Dino, as well as an indelible memory of Man and Teacher.


Abstract : This dam was inspected on 19 and 28 November 1979 by Storch Engineers under contract to the State of New Jersey. The State, under agreement with the U.S. Army Engineer District, Philadelphia, has this inspection performed in accordance with the National Dam Inspection Act, Public Law 92-367. Clinton Mills Dam, initially listed as a 'high' hazard potential structure, but reduced to a 'significant' hazard potential structure as a result of this inspection, is judged to be in fair overall condition. The dam's spillway is considered inadequate because a flow equivalent to five percent of the Spillway Design Flood - SDF- would cause the dam to be overtopped. (The SDF, in this instance, is one half of the Probable Maximum Flood.)


Submitted for the DFD09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Pipe Flows subjected to Transverse Oscillations MARK CZAJKOWSKI, OLIVIER DESJARDINS, University of Colorado at Boulder — Fundamental effects of transverse oscillations on a turbulent pipe are being studied using direct numerical simulations (DNS). Previous studes of pipes subjected to oscillations around their central axis have shown a reduction in pressure drop. This study is a generalization of previous work to the case of an oscillation around an axis parallel to but not coinciding with the pipe centerline.The role of oscillation frequency, amplitude, and radius on the statistics of turbulent pipe flows, as well as bulk properties like pressure drop are investigated. Two key non-dimensional numbers are identified. The first relates the oscillation amplitude to a turbulent length scale (Taylor micro-scale); and the second number, a Strouhal number, compares the oscillation frequency to a turbulent time scale. These non-dimensional numbers, along with oscillation radius, are varied over a range of values, and DNS were performed using the arbitrarily high order accurate code NGA [Desjardins, et al., JCP 2008]. The resulting turbulent flows were analysed using a variety of turbulent statistics and compared to stationary and pipes rotating around their central axis. Mark Czajkowski University of Colorado at Boulder Date submitted: 06 Aug 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


This article discusses the development of an Edmodo-based evaluation instrument on the motivation and science learning outcomes of fifth grade students at MI Muhammadiyah Cece. The formulation of the problem in this study: (1) how is the design of developing an edmodo-based evaluation instrument on the motivation and learning outcomes of science students in class V MI Muhammadiyah Cece?; (2) how is the feasibility of developing an edmodo-based evaluation instrument on the motivation and science learning outcomes of class V MI Muhammadiyah Cece students based on the assessments of material experts, media experts, and learning practitioners (teachers); and (3) how is the response of students in developing an edmodo-based evaluation instrument on the motivation and learning outcomes of science students in class V MI Muhammadiyah Cece?. This study aims: (1) to determine the design of the development of an edmodo-based evaluation instrument on the motivation and learning outcomes of science students in class V MI Muhammadiyah Cece; (2) to determine the feasibility of developing an Edmodo-based evaluation instrument on the motivation and science learning outcomes of class V MI Muhammadiyah Cece students based on the assessments of material experts, media experts, and learning practitioners (teachers); and (3) to find out the response of students in the development of an edmodo-based evaluation instrument on the motivation and learning outcomes of science students in class V MI Muhammadiyah Cece.The subjects in this study were students of class V MI Muhammadiyah Cece with a total of 30 students. The data was obtained from a questionnaire, then the data was processed using analysis of validity and effectiveness. The results of this study indicate that: The results of this study indicate: 1) the development of an edmodo-based evaluation instrument is divided into: needs analysis, competency analysis, design, development, and implementation: 2) the material expert gets an average score of 4.18 (decent), from media experts get a mean score of 4.05 (decent), from teachers get an average score of 4 (decent); 3) student response questionnaires about the need or not the use of learning media get an average score of 3.35 (neutral).


The solidification paths of Al-Zn-Mg alloys in the Al-rich corner were investigated. The thermodynamic data for the calculation are obtained by direct coupling with the CALPHAD software Thermo-Calc via its TQ6-interface and the COST2 database. The influences of the initial compositions and the extent of solid back diffusion on the solidification path were numerically investigated by sample calculation of the ternary Al-Zn-Mg alloys. The calculation results of solidification paths of the selected alloys: Al-5Zn-3Mg (in wt.%), Al-5Zn-10Mg, Al-2.5Zn-15Mg, Al-10Zn-20.5Mg, Al-8Zn-25Mg, were: L→(L+α-Al), L→(L+α-Al)→(L+α-Al+TAU), L→(L+α-Al)→(L+α-Al+AlMg_β), L→(L+α-Al)→(L+α-Al+TAU)→(L+α-Al+TAU+AlMg_β), L→(L+α-Al)→(L+α-Al+AlMg_β)→(L+α-Al+TAU+AlMg_β), respectively. The results show that the initial compositions and the extent of solid back diffusion have a great influence on solidification path, and the amounts of eutectic phase increase with the decrease of the solid back diffusion coefficient. The equilibrium solute partition coefficients for Zn and Mg in alloys are also calculated and their influence on micro-segregation in the primary solidification of Al-5Zn-10Mg alloy is analyzed.


An algorithm based on induction-enhanced particle swarm optimization and chaos search is proposed for reactive power optimization to solve the problems of traditional PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization),such as local optimum and slow convergence,and improve the ability of global optimization.During the early search,the induction is introduced to the update of particle position to decrease the randomicity of PSO and improve the search efficiency,while during the late search,the strange attractor character of chaos is applied to effectively avoid the premature of PSO and find the global optimal solution.Calculations for a power distribution system show that,the optimal loss-lowering rate is 14.04 %,and the minimum voltage is increased from 0.895 0 p.u.to 0.995 6 p.u.,validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Beacause of the difference of the culture and philosophy between China and Wester country.the view of death between them has great difference.Chinese people cling to life instead of braving death and western people always face the death courageously.So Chinese and western memorical poetry appear the different style.Death is appeared sadly and implicitly in Chinese memorical poetry,it is sadly beautiful,so it is a road of inner surpassing.But death is appeared brightly and harmoniously,it is magnificiently beautiful,so it is a road of external surpassing.


Introduction
 Disparities in clinical trial enrollment have the potential to bias findings, limit generalizability, misdirect drug development, and reduce equitable access to novel therapy. Given the unique care delivery and clinical trial patterns of acute leukemia (AML), barriers to trial enrollment for underrepresented groups at the Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs), where patients are often treated, may be distinct. Characterization of these barriers has been limited, preventing the development of interventions to overcome this disparity for AML.
 Methods
 We conducted an exploratory qualitative project to characterize barriers to trial enrollment and facilitators to overcome them through a series of focus groups and individual interviews. Participants were persons with AML who identified from one or more underrepresented groups and AML physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants at three Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center hospitals. A moderator guide was developed based on literature review and iteratively revised by study investigators. The questions enabled an open-ended multi-level (patient, provider, trial, institution, societal) exploration of five main domains, including familiarity and experience with clinical trials, factors influencing participation, participant concerns and enrollment supports, and facilitators to address enrollment barriers and disparities. Focus groups and interviews occurred through video conference or phone and were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. The interdisciplinary research team conducted a multi-step thematic analysis guided by framework analysis, and included prefigured and emergent codes. The team-based analysis synthesized data within and across participant types and focused on the identification of key patterns and prevalent themes related to barriers to clinical trial enrollment. Coding and analysis were assisted by NVivo 12 software. Results presented below highlight barriers that were considered relevant to the unique care delivery patterns of AML and clinically significant.
 Results
 37 participants (19 patients; 18 providers) were recruited to focus groups (30) or interviews (7) between 5/6-6/28/2021. Participant characteristics are shown in Table 1. Patient participants were generally familiar with clinical trials. Despite limited explicit expression of enrollment hesitancy, both patients and providers noted multiple potential barriers to clinical trial enrollment specific to AML, including the rapidity from diagnosis to treatment; the inpatient setting of therapy; a lack of knowledge regarding incidence and enrollment demographics and their differences; restrictive trial design factors (e.g., hospital stays, mutation specificity); and concerns over the appropriateness and efficacy of a given trial relative to individual disease risk. Key enrollment barriers reported by participants are shown in Figure 1. Participant-identified facilitators to address these barriers are shown in Figure 2. Facilitators to overcome barriers specific to AML that were considered potentially impactful included: peri-enrollment peer support for patients, continuance of telehealth visits during trial participation, feedback and training to increase provider awareness and understanding of disparities and diverse communities, trial design augmentation to minimize restrictive barriers (centralized laboratory draws, multiple hospitalizations, white blood cell count and organ function criteria) and increase inclusivity (multiple language and culturally competent consent), and bolstering inter-institutional AML program partnerships to increase diverse patient referral.
 Conclusions
 Stakeholder-reported barriers to diverse AML clinical trial enrollment at CCCs include multiple disease-specific characteristics that reflect the unique care pattern of AML, such as concerns about restrictive trial design characteristics, the need to be inpatient, and the requirement to make decisions quickly after diagnosis. Several barriers and potential interventions at each level were considered impactful by both providers and patients. These formative data suggest a novel multi-level approach for overcoming AML enrollment disparities at CCCs is needed.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


5 productivity and farm size. When farm size increases the land productivity of farm increase up to 3.66 acres and further increase in farm size decreases land productivity. The results also indicate that an increase in the number of plots in a farm is an influential predictor of loss of productivity. This could be due to inherent inefficiencies associated with managing scattered plots and constraints with respect to use of machines. Land plots with longer distance from farmers home are less productive and increase both the travel time and the cost of inputs. Overall, the results suggest that land fragmentation adversely affects the land productivity. Policies and programs that lead to increase in plot size and decrease in number of plots owned by a farmer improves land productivity in irrigated settlements in Sri Lanka.


In Newton's theory of gravity, the gravitational interaction between two bodies is instantaneous, but according to Einstein's theory of gravity this should be impossible because the speed of light represents the limiting speed for all interactions. If a body changes its shape, the resulting change in the force field will make its way outward at the speed of light. In Einstein's theory of gravity, massive bodies produce 'indentations' in the 'fabric' of spacetime and other bodies move in this curved spacetime taking the shortest path. If a mass distribution moves in a spherically asymmetric way, then the spacetime indentations travel outwards as ripples in spacetime called 'gravitational waves'.


The porous membrane can be produced using a polymeric binder and filler material using a liquid pore-forming agent having a high surface free energy than the low and the polymer than filler. While it is possible to form the pores of the membrane by the repulsive force of the pore forming agent to polymer can be contained in the structure of the membrane in the filler by attraction of polymer to filler. Fillers may be wall thickness of about or less particles than the fine pore structure. .FIELD 1


This work aims to integrate the different works that have been done on the emotional intelligence and its correlation with the self-destructive behaviors of teenagers, especially substance use behaviors. This integrated search of works is based on the possibility to consider the emotional intelligence (EI) as a form of protection, and the importance of integrating in Prevention Programs in Substance Addiction that are aimed at teenagers, in conjunction with the study of different techniques in order to enhance the levels of EI, especially in the case of Mindfulness, where the interest is focused on using it as a complementary of the skills training related to EI. Paraules clau: emotional intelligence, emotional competency, emotional regulation, adolescents, drugs, techniques, emotional perception, addiction, dependence, adolescence, abuse drug, abuse substance, mindfulness, Atención Plena, Arte terapia, Musicoterapia, Psicodrama, Introspección


Objective:To observe the dynamic changes of peripheral blood neuronal specific enolase(NSE) concentration among primary lung cancer patients preoperatively and postoperatively.Methods:A total of 95 patients with primary lung cancer were divided into operative(n=55) and non-operative(n=40) groups;while,44 non-tumor patients were registered in control group.Peripheral blood NSE concentrations were measured in the operative group 1 day preoperatively,1 and 7 days postoperatively and in other two groups 1,3,and 10 days after registration.Results:Peripheral blood NSE concentrations in the operative and non-operative groups were significantly higher than those in the control group,but the peripheral blood NSE concentrations 1 and 7 days postoperatively were significantly lower than those in the operative group preoperatively and in the non-operatively group at the three time points(P 0.05~0.01).Conclusion:Peripheral blood NSE concentration was obviously increased among primary lung cancer patients,but surgical treatment can significantly decrease the peripheral blood NSE expression.


We describe a novel approach termed "temperature-modulated fluorescence tomography" that can acquire fluorescence images at focused ultrasound resolution. By utilizing recently emerged temperature sensitive fluorescence contrast agents, this technique provides fluorescence images with high spatial resolution.


This study aims to find out how the teacher's role in motivating student learning besides the purpose of this study is to find out what obstacles are experienced by teachers in motivating student learning. This research uses a qualitative approach which is a case study. The data sources for this research are 1 class V teacher, 1 class IV teacher, and 2 students. Data collection techniques and instruments, in this case the researcher uses interviews and observations, focused data analysis using the Miles & Huberman model, namely data reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. There are four results obtained, the first is the teacher as a demonstrator, namely mastery of learning material by motivating student learning, the second is the teacher as a class manager, namely creating a learning climate in learning by motivating student learning, the third is the teacher as a mediator and facilitator, namely preparing the syllabus, lesson plans, and learning media, instill a spirit of student learning, and provide motivation in learning, and the fourth teacher as an evaluator is the evaluation results. Barriers experienced by teachers in motivating student learning include the teacher's lack of motivation or encouragement in learning due to the impact of covid-19, the role of the teacher becomes a much needed role in learning in motivating student learning so that students are more diligent and not lazy in learning


Recent circuit emphasis on maximum stability and precision and minimum size has extend ed the use of molybdenum permalloy powder cores, originally designed for telephone circuits, to a wide variety of applications. Intrinsic properties and basic behavior, as well as design considerations, of the cores are discussed.


This paper aims to analyze the beta convergence of Western Balkan countries towards the EU-15 Member States in the period 2004-2016, and two sub-periods: 2004-2008 and 2009-2013. Beta convergence is based on the neoclassical growth theory and tests the hypothesis that poor countries tend to grow faster than rich countries, in per capita terms. The empirical findings support the economic convergence hypothesis, with convergence rates ranging from 1.1% to 2.3%. The results show that the recent financial crisis negatively affected the absolute and conditional convergence process, when economic variables are included. The main limitation of the research is the availability of data.