Subjective Well-Being (SWB) is made up of three components: positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and life satisfaction (LS). Evidence for how these three components define a structural model of SWB is limited and the implications of adopting alternate models are unclear. PA, NA, LS, and personality were assessed in a sample (N=391) of community-dwelling, older (64-91 years; M=72.32, SD=5.55) adults. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to compare four models of SWB reviewed by Busseri and Sadava (2011). We found support for SWB modelled reflectively as three inter-correlated factors. Differential correlations between personality and SWB across each of the four structural models of SWB highlight the practical implications of model choice. Comparing Structural Models of Subjective Well-Being: Choice of Model Affects Relationships with Personality Subjective Well-Being (SWB) research is not without controversy: As numerous self-help bestsellers can attest, people generally think they know what makes them happy. However, research from diverse fields has dispelled many commonly held beliefs about what it is that makes us happy. People are no better informed about what makes them happy (Wilson & Gilbert, 2003, 2005) than they are about the causes of mental illness and it has only been relatively recently that the study of positive mental health has been approached scientifically in the same way that mental illness has been (e.g., Seligman, Steen, Park & Peterson, 2005). Chapter 3. Paper 1. Page 125 The key defining feature of SWB is that it is subjective – it is the multidimensional evaluation of current life according to the experience of the individual (e.g., Diener, 1994). Further definition is implied by the measures used. Thus, Diener (1994) argued that such evaluations of SWB must include a global component and capture positive as well as negative experiences and include cognitive evaluations of life. Empirical evidence supports the presence of these two distinct elements: a cognitive component, comprised of evaluative judgements of an individual's satisfaction with their life as a whole (LS), or within particular life domains such as health; and an affective component concerned with the frequency of pleasant (PA) and unpleasant affect (NA; Diener & Lucas, 1999). The abundance of tests to measure these components (just over 1200 questionnaires designed to measure some aspect of quality of life or SWB are listed on the Australian Centre of Quality of Life website, http://www.deakin.edu.au/research/acqol/instruments/instrument .php) and the recommendation by Diener (1994) and others (Linley, Maltby, Wood, Osborne & Hurling, 2009) to measure all three components has led to an extensive body of research based on PA, NA, and LS measured separately, resulting in a lack of whole model conceptualisations of SWB (Busseri & Sadava, 2011). This has led to difficulties in synthesising research regarding both the theoretical development of SWB and its potential practical uses. In the following we consider four alternative structural models of SWB. First, we review the independent relationships between PA, NA, and LS because these form the theoretical basis of the structural models. Theoretical evidence specific to each structural model is then presented and these models are compared using CFA techniques. Chapter 3. Paper 1. Page 126 Relationship between positive and negative affect Bradburn (1969) was the first to propose that PA and NA were independent constructs. Negative weak-to-moderate correlations, based on multiple measures of affect, have been reported between the two, with similar magnitudes reported for method-free correlations (e.g., r=-0.44; Diener, Smith and Fujita, 1995). Factor analytic evidence also supports the presence of two constructs: in exploratory models scale items load on two factors representing PA and NA; and two factors have demonstrated better fit over a single affect factor using CFA methods (Brown, Jose, Ng & Guo, 2002; Diener, Smith & Fujita, 1995). Furthermore, PA and NA have been shown to be differentially related to external factors such as health (Bradburn, 1969) and personality traits (Costa & McCrae, 1980; Diener & Emmons, 1984; Watson & Clark, 1992). Consistent with this empirical evidence, the four structural models of SWB to be assessed here assume PA and NA are correlated but largely independent constructs. Relationship between affect and cognition Affect (PA and NA) and cognition (LS) provide two qualitatively different sources of information to the overall conceptualisation of SWB. Weak-to-moderate correlations have been reported between the two domains and their discriminant validity has been established (Lucas, Diener & Suh, 1996; Schimmack, Radhakrishnan, Oishi, Dzokoto & Ahadi, 2002; Schimmack, Schupp & Wagner, 2008; Suh, Diener, Oishi & Triandis, 1998). Results are mixed regarding the strength of association between PA and LS compared to NA and LS; some have reported similar magnitudes (Suh et al., 1998, study 1), whereas others have found stronger relationships between PA and LS (Kuppens, Realo & Diener, 2008; Suh et al., 1998, study 2) consistent with the argument that positive Chapter 3. Paper 1. Page 127 experiences contribute more to SWB than does the absence of negative experiences (Diener & Lucas 2000). These conceptual and empirical differences between PA, NA, and LS have led to calls for researchers to employ measures of all three components in SWB research (e.g., Diener et al., 1999). However, to unify measurement of SWB requires some understanding of how these three components 'fit together' – the focus on independence of PA, NA, and LS is somewhat detrimental to this aim. Establishing how PA, NA, and LS are related to each other and to overall SWB is necessary for measurement consistency (Vittersø & Nilsen, 2002). The models of SWB recently summarised by Busseri and Sadava (2011) differ in the theoretical accounts they propose for the observed pattern of inter-correlations between PA, NA, and LS, in the treatment of data, the calculation of outcome variables and in how results are presented and discussed. We now consider these models. Structural models of subjective wellbeing 1. SWB as three inter-correlated factors SWB is most commonly modelled as three separate constructs, PA, NA, and LS (Busseri & Sadava, 2011); consistent with the recommendation to measure all three components (e.g., Diener, 1994). Theoretically within this model, SWB should be inferred from the common variance reflected in inter-correlations between the components (Diener, 1994), in addition to the unique variance associated with PA, NA, and LS (KimPrieto et al., 2005). In practice, however, we generally see three separate analyses reported, thus ignoring both common variance and the additional unique variance that PA, NA, and LS add to explanation of external variables. Over-reliance on PA, NA, and LS as Chapter 3. Paper 1. Page 128 separate constructs has resulted in literature detailing their individual correlates (e.g., DeNeve & Cooper, 1998); conclusions regarding overall SWB cannot be easily made. 2. SWB as a higher-order construct The second structural model specifies SWB as a higher order latent factor with PA, NA, and LS as first-order reflective indicators. Direction of causality is from SWB to first-order factors, such that PA, NA, and LS can be seen as manifestations of the latent SWB construct (Jarvis, MacKenzie & Podsakoff, 2003; Petter, Straub & Raj, 2007). SWB as a higher order factor was initially proposed to account for the significant correlations observed between PA, NA, and LS (e.g., Diener, 1994; Diener, Suh, Lucas & Smith, 1999; Stones & Kozma, 1985) and is consistent with Diener's (1994) hypothesis that these reflect individual differences in general life appraisals (see also Busseri, Sadava & DeCourville, 2007; Diener et al., 1999; Vittersø, 2004). However; the treatment of PA, NA, and LS as mere indicators of latent SWB is inconsistent with theoretical definitions and empirical evidence. Whilst a higher-order SWB is often inferred, definitions also highlight the unique and necessary contribution of each separate component (Lawrence & Liang, 1988). This situation does not align with the requirements of a true reflective model – that is, that indicators are interchangeable without altering the underlying construct. Such a model also assumes that there is no significant unique variance associated with each component; moderate correlations consistently reported between PA, NA, and LS and their differential patterns of nomological validity are not compatible with this assumption; there is more to each component than simply what they have in common (Busseri, Sadava Chapter 3. Paper 1. Page 129 & DeCourville, 2007; Diener, Suh, Lucas & Smith, 1999; Kim-Prieto, Diener, Tamir, Scollon & Diener, 2005; Stones & Kozma, 1985; Vittersø & Nilsen, 2002;). Thus, in a study of 264 Norwegian students, Vittersø (2004) found that a higher-order SWB factor accounted for only about half of the variance in the first-order factors. The amount of variance left unexplained by this higher-order SWB factor was substantial and different for each component, ranging from 37% in LS to 67% in NA. Similarly, Busseri, Sadava and DeCourville (2007), in their structural analysis of six studies (N=1682) that varied in the participant characteristics and measures used, found that approximately half of the variance in the first order factors was accounted for by a higher order latent SWB factor and unique variances unexplained by this latent SWB factor ranged from 10% in LS to 65% in NA. These results suggest that SWB is manifest most in LS and least in NA and that while a higher-order SWB factor is able to account for substantial variance in firstorder factors, unique variance in PA, NA, and LS cannot be ignored. 3. SWB as a composite This approach specifies SWB as a composite of PA, NA, an


Objectives: A few gastroenterologists would underrate the importance of gastrointestinal motility in the pathogenesis of gut symptoms, particularly as the majority of clinic patients have functional symptoms. The aim of the present study was to determine whether changes in oral to cecal transit time affect the magnitude of the hydrogen (H2) excretion after ingestion of unabsorbable carbohydrate. The lactulose H2 breath test is in use as a simple non-invasive measurement of oral to cecal transit time and its reproducibility. The effect of tiropramide hydrochloride and cisapride on oral to cecal transit time have been compared in a placebo-controlled study. Methods: This studies including forty-one healthy volunteers by interval sampling of end expiratory H2 concentration after ingestion of: (1) 10 g lactulose with placebo; (2) 10 g lactulose with tiropramide hydrochloride (Tiropa®); (3) 10 g lactulose with cisapride (Prepulside®). A minimum of six days elapsed between the difference tests to avoid colonic bacterial metabolic changes. Results: The oral to cecal transit time (OCTT) measured by placebo ingestion, tiropramide and cisapride were 90.24±28.33, 102.44±31.37 and 83.41±27.17 minutes. A short of OCTT in cisapride ingestion showed significance compared with the placebo, tiropramide (p<0.0005). Area under curve (AUC) of the H2 concentration versus time curves from the OCTT after ingestion of placebo, tiropramide and cisapride were 35.50±24.35, 33.78±24.28, 45.65±26.04 (ppm×min×100), respectively. A rise of AUC in cisapride ingestion showed no significance compared with the placebo, tiropramide. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that changes of the OCTT do not significantly influence the H2 excretion as measured by interval sampling of end expiratory H2 concentrations after different drugs. In conclusion, within the ranges observed, the OCTT does significantly affect the shape of the H2 concentration after ingestion of differential drug.


Centre pivot irrigation system is a promising and precise system, for increasing the utilization efficiency of unit water. However, Egyptian agricultural-water uses policies for reclaiming and cultivation 1.5 million feddan (625000 ha) had stated center pivot irrigation system as a major irrigation system. Hence, a developed simple-spread sheet module for center pivot irrigation system design has been developed and validated. However, the developed spread-sheet is based on different design criteria, as, crop type, weather data, and soil characteristics. The module comprises five sub-models for: (a) main sub-model; (b) data entry sub-model; (c) weather submodel; (d) irrigation sub-model; and (e) results sub-model. The most important outputs include nozzle flow rate (m/h), application rate (mm/h), and throw diameter (m). These outputs (outputs of 9 scenarios) were compared with observed/manufactured data for the calibration and validation of the model. Results of this comparison show that differences in model accuracy owing to different variables affecting the design and management of the center pivot were not significant. The relationships between the observed/manufactured and simulated results have a good correlation with high value of coefficient of determination and the best models are as follows: 1Nozzle flow rate (m/h) was in scenario 5 with R = 0.967 and explained by an exponential model: Q SIM = 0.1067e (Q obs. 2Throw diameter (m) was in scenario 1 with R = 0.942 and explained by a power model: Dw SIM = 3.9064 (Dw MFD).


Junk food and sugary sweetened beverages (SSBs) have come under the ire of health professionals in light of the growing problems related to obesity, diabetes and metabolic disorders. Once considered a treat, something out of the norm, or special to eat or drink; energy dense, nutrient poor foods have become a dietary staple for many. Consumption trends have shown a popular shift towards these food stuffs as demonstrated by SSB consumption for breakfast, snacks, and evening meals, or shopping carts filled with potato chips and soda bottles.1


Electric utilities should be making major investments in human potential with educational and training programs that will ensure competent personnel. Management teams need to develop the skills for coping with rapid change and uncertainty. Managers with a renaissance personality could keep pace with technological change, help raise productivity, accommodate to future staff changes, create an attractive working environment, and develop employment opportunities for all. Examples of effective continuing professional education programs include the use of outside consultants and area schools. (DCK)


We obtained a Dicom file using a CT (Computed Tomography), a diagnostic test device used in clinical practice. Dicom files and 3D programs, and finger printers with 3D printers. Because the finger brace is intended for the human body, the accuracy of the shape is very important. 3D Print has the advantage of high precision, variety of materials, and short output time. In clinic, aluminum protector or medical device manufacturer's finger protector is limited. By creating a finger brace with a 3D printer, we expect to be able to apply a precise form of a custom finger brace to the patient that can be used to treat a patient's finger trauma, illness, or deformity.


JADE (Java Agent DEvelopment framework) is a popular agent development platform that is widely used to develop diverse agent-based real-life applications based on flat system architecture. It is considered as an agent-centered platform where agents are given the main focus and are implemented with a behavior-based architecture. This paper provides a transparent dynamic organization technique for efficiently aggregating multiple JADE platforms. The provided dynamic organization is described as transparent because it doesn't constrain the assumed autonomy and reactivity of JADE agents. It transparently and efficiently supports them in coordinating their interactions and locating each other based on the services they provide. The applicability of the provided technique is demonstrated by developing a large-scale consumer-provider application. A performance evaluation has been conducted which shows that compared to present techniques provided by JADE such as the federation of directory facilitators of multiple JADE platforms, the proposed technique gives about 47% performance improvement and is recommended to be used for dynamically, transparently, and efficiently aggregating multiple JADE platforms for developing large-scale MAS. Further research is recommended on the wide applicability, security, and proactive adaptation of the proposed technique.


The water-soluble iron phosphine complex trans-Fe(DMeOPrPE)(2)Cl(2) (DMeOPrPE = 1,2-bis(bis(methoxypropyl)phosphino)ethane) reacts with H(2) in water to produce trans-[Fe(DMeOPrPE)(2)H(H(2))](+) and H(+). The product is a water-soluble eta(2)-H(2) metal hydride complex, formed via the heterolysis of coordinated H(2) in water.


A method for removing sulfur from insulating oil. The oil is exposed to at least one sulfur scavenging material and at least one polar sorbent.


A device for fastening a piece 10 of a plate 20, said part 10 having at least one tab 11 for fixing intended to cooperate with a slot 21 formed in said insert 20. According to the invention, said lug 11 of fastening comprises a projection 12 on the wafer 20 within the slot, and whose thickness is at least equal to the width 1 of said slot 21. Application fixing housings on printed circuit boards.


BACKGROUND
Seasonal low light intensity and short photoperiods lead to decreased yield, size, and quality of fruits in the Northern Hemisphere. Recently, supplemental lighting using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been introduced to overcome such problems. However, most studies have focused on plant growth or fruit yield but not on taste. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and volatile compounds of greenhouse sweet pepper fruits under three different light conditions: natural light only (NL), NL with red/blue interlighting (RB), NL with red/blue/far-red interlighting (RBFR).

RESULTS
The size, color, firmness, and soluble sugar concentration of the sweet pepper fruit were investigated, and sensory evaluation was conducted by nine trained panelists. Individual fruit fresh weights were higher in the order of RBFR, NL, and RB, with mean values of 219.1, 201.7, and 197.4 g, respectively. Additionally, the compositions of volatile compounds demonstrated a distinct clustering pattern by light treatments, implying that the LED interlighting spectra affected the overall taste of sweet pepper fruits. The sensory evaluation indicated that sweetness was higher in the order of RBFR, RB, and NL, with values of 5.28, 4.36, and 3.72, respectively. The soluble sugar results showed the same order as that for the sensory evaluation of sweetness, i.e., RBFR, RB, and NL, with values of 5071, 4647, and 3978 μg FW-1 , respectively.

CONCLUSION
Adding far-red to RB interlighting could improve the fruit quality attributes, fruit taste perception, and soluble sugars of sweet peppers compared to those under RB or solely NL. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The Sydney 2000 Olympic Games absorbed a vast proportion of the city's transport and logistics resources. For any city, an Olympic Games is a rare event although the staging of major events is becoming an increasingly frequent phenomenon and has the potential to disrupt transport and distribution if not managed effectively. The Games presented a unique opportunity to investigate commuters' intentions to adjust their work and travel behaviour and to understand the extent that behavioural intentions change over time and in what way, as well as the link between intentions and actual behaviour. To track these relationships, a sample of Sydney commuters were interviewed on three occasions prior to the Games and once after the Games. The main finding is that actual decisions by commuters, in the form of a range of coping strategies during the Olympics period, are moderately associated with ex ante intentions. The Olympic Games appeared to have had little influence on commuter travel behaviour. Travel arrangements were favourable and better than expected. The view that chaos would eventuate was found to be inaccurate with Sydney experiencing its most efficient levels of transport service on record.


The importance of complete lattices in mathematical morphology is well-known. There are some aspects of the subject that can, however, be clarified by using complete lattices equipped with the additional structure of a binary operation subject to conditions making them quantales. This extended abstract shows how quantales, and more generally quantale modules, can be used to capture a number of constructions for dilations in a uniform way. The treatment is partly an exposition of material that is not technically novel, but which provides a valuable conceptual perspective on mathematical morphology.


We investigate the existence of a one-parameter group of contact transformations for evolution-type equations ut = F(t,x,u,ux,uxx, ... ,u(n)) (subscripts denote differentiation unless otherwise indicated), where u(n) is the nth derivative of u with respect to x. We prove that contact transformations of evolution equations, where F is expandable as a power series in terms of all derivatives of order higher than one, are just extended Lie point transformations. This result is extended to the case with m independent space variables. As a consequence, we obtain an ansatz for determining Lie point transformations for nth-order evolution equations with m independent space variables. Examples are given to verify the results obtained as well as to show how Lie point transformations of these evolution-type partial differential equations can be calculated from this ansatz.


There are different types of bushings used in mechanical equipment and they can be used for different purposes. In the case of bronze bushings used to ensure rotation conditions of shaft-type parts, there are some difficulties in addressing the problem of their manufacture. In essence, in order to meet the machining accuracy requirements specific to the outer and inner revolution surfaces, appropriate manufacturing technologies must be established. Some distinct technological paths can be considered for machining and checking the outer and inner cylindrical surfaces of bushings. In solving certain problems specific to the development of bushing manufacturing technologies, the principles of axiomatic design were used. Thus, the axiom of the independence of the functional requirements was used preferentially in establishing the machining operations to be applied to the workpieceto obtain a bushing. The second axiom was applied to identify the best solutions for the machining of the inner revolution surface. In this way, more convenient manufacturing technology for bronze bushings was identified.


The malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax remains a major global public health challenge, causing major morbidity across tropical and subtropical regions. Several candidate vaccines are in preclinical and clinical trials, however no vaccine against P. vivax malaria is approved for use in humans. Here we assessed whether P. vivax strain-transcendent immunity can be achieved by repeated infection in Aotus monkeys. For this purpose, we repeatedly infected six animals with blood stages of the P. vivax Salvador 1 (SAL-1) strain until sterile immune, and then challenged with the AMRU-1 strain. Sterile immunity was achieved in 4/4 Aotus monkeys after two homologous infections with the SAL-1 strain, while partial protection against a heterologous AMRU-1 challenge (i.e., delay to infection and reduction in peak parasitemia compared to control) was achieved in 3/3 monkeys. IgG levels based on P. vivax lysate ELISA and protein microarray increased with repeated infections and correlated with the level of homologous protection. Analysis of parasite transcriptional profiles across inoculation levels provided no evidence of major antigenic switching upon homologous or heterologous challenge. In contrast, we observed significant transcriptional differences in the P. vivax core gene repertoire between SAL-1 and AMRU-1. Together with the strain-specific genetic diversity between SAL-1 and AMRU-1 these data suggest that the partial protection upon heterologous challenge is due to molecular differences between strains (at genome and transcriptome level) rather than immune evasion by antigenic switching. Our study demonstrates that sterile immunity against P. vivax can be achieved by repeated homologous blood stage infection in Aotus monkeys, thus providing a benchmark to test the efficacy of candidate blood stage P. vivax malaria vaccines. Author summary Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread human malaria parasite. Elimination efforts are complicated due to the peculiar biology of P. vivax including dormant liver forms, cryptic reservoirs in bone marrow and spleen and a large asymptomatic infectious reservoir in affected populations. Currently there is no vaccine against malaria caused by P. vivax. Here we induce sterile immunity by repeated P. vivax infection with the SAL-1 strain in non-human primates. In contrast, heterologous challenge with the AMRU-1 strain only provided partial protection. Antibody levels against a crude antigen and a protein microarray correlated with the level of homologous protection. Parasite transcriptional profiles across inoculation levels failed to show major antigenic switching across SAL-1 infections or upon heterologous challenge, instead suggesting other mechanisms of immune evasion. Our study demonstrates that sterile immunity against P. vivax can be achieved by repeated blood stage infection in Aotus monkeys, thus providing a benchmark to test the efficacy of candidate blood stage P. vivax malaria vaccines.


Information technology is currently a technology that is widely adopted by almost all organizations and is believed to be able to help increase the efficiency of ongoing processes, including in educational institutions. IT Governance offers various solutions, innovations, and changes to the company's business, however, the application of information technology must be in accordance with the company's business objectives. The key to entering the world of global business is a qualification that includes skills, knowledge and experience combined with international certification for global recognition. The application of information technology must be tailored to the needs of the institution in order to achieve institutional goals. This research was conducted to conduct an assessment and evaluation of the governance of the Human Resources Information System (HRIS) at the Nurul Fikri Integrated Islamic School, Depok. Knowing this condition will make it easier to take action to improve HRIS governance, use the Cobit method and focus on the PO and AI domains. The implementation of HRIS governance at the Nurul Fikri Integrated Islamic School has been carried out even though it is still not running optimally because it has reached the expected level of maturity. The maturity level of the HRIS governance at the Nurul Fikri Integrated Islamic School is at level 2 (Managed Process) for both the PO and AI domains.


Distributed deduplication is one of today's most prominent techniques for efficient data transfer of data across a network. However, leveraging a distributed application with distributed deduplication capabilities is a complex challenge, not accessible to the average programmer. This paper advocates that the time has come to devise general-purpose middleware abstractions that can democratize the use of state-of-art distributed deduplication techniques, even by programmers with no know-how on the field. We propose TurboSockets, the first middleware abstraction that aims at such a goal. The TurboSockets middleware enables unskilled programmers to establish a communication channel between two remote processes and, through that channel, exchange data streams whose content is deduplicated by stateof-the-art algorithms. Turbosockets hides all the complexity associated with the deduplication protocol away from the programmer, closely resembling traditional inter-process communication APIs. Using a full-fledged prototype of the TurboSockets middleware, experimental results with real workloads confirm gains in performance and transferred volumes for a wide range of real workloads and scenarios.


TPS2625 Background: In 2004, FDA declared the abandon rate of new oncology drugs was too high and new trial designs should be developed. The combination of everolimus (EVE) and sorafenib (SOR) is rational, and has been studied in 11 phase I studies, where approved monotherapy regimens have been used (EVE qd and SOR bid). Although promising efficacy outcomes were found, the combination may be abandoned due to metabolical and skin toxicity. The best doses and dosing schedules of EVE and SOR associated with the optimal benefit/toxicity ratio may be identified using mathematical modeling of data from an adequately designed multiparameter trial. Methods: This academic study is composed of 4 arms with different dosing schedules of EVE and SOR (qd; 1 week/2; 3 days-on …), and dose escalations. Patients with different tumor types potentially sensitive to the combination are enrolled. Multiparameter assessments include: pharmacokinetics (PK); pharmacodynamics (PD) with control of signaling pathway inhibition (ERK,...


Content of antioxidants ascorbic acid, proline, anthocyanins, total phenols, proteins and soluble carbohydrates, also total antioxidant activity has been studied in leaves of 18 plant species, namely: Scutellaria orientalis, Reseda lutea, Corylus iberica, Crataegus pontica, Crataegus kyrtostyla, Stachys lavandulifolia, Verbascum blattaria, Symphytum caucasicum, Melica uniflora, Juniperus polycarpos, J. excelsa, Nepeta supina, Lamium album, Anthyllis lachnophora, Primula saguramica, Trinia leiogona, Lathyrus roseus, Scrophularia divaricata. Leaves of experimental plants were picked in surroundings of v. Kojori (East Georgia, environs of Tbilisi). According to experimental results leaves of the tested plants are rich of ascorbic acid, amino acid proline and total proteins. Soluble phenols and anthocyanins are in moderate amount. Some species revealed exclusively high antioxidant activity. All obtained indices may be taken into account while studying the medical properties of those tested species, which has not been used yet for this purpose. Moreover, experimental data may complete the data base about their chemical composition of the studied plants. © 2013 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci.


When a child pornography crime is committed, it means that a child has been subjected to sexual abuse. The abuse has been documented and can be spread. In Swedish law, child pornography crime does not constitute a sex crime; instead, it is a crime against public order. The consequence of this is, that the child is not to be considered the victim in a legal procedure; instead the state has that position. If the child is not considered as the victim, they do not have the possibility to get compensation or get access to legal aid. The purpose of child pornography law is to protect all children, not just the child that falls victim to it. A crime that offends the public is categorized as a crime against public order.

Many have questioned this and the government has completed an investigation to sort out the legal stand of the child, in child pornography cases. The conclusion was that the child can be considered the victim but it is up to the court to decide in each individual case. Children's rights organization Ecpat has completed a case study and they believe that the law does not give children sufficient protection. Ecpat mean that the law needs to constitute a sex crime to protect children's personal- and sexual integrity. Sweden also has international obligations to consider. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child declares that children are their own individuals and have their own rights. For example they have the right to legal access.

The purpose of this thesis has been to investigate how the law protects children when it comes to child pornography. What benefits respective disadvantages would a change in the law have, and what is the best option based on a child rights perspective. Overall, I think there are more advantages then disadvantages to making child pornography crime a sex crime. If it would constitute a sex crime, the child would automatically be considered the victim, and the circumstances in the individual case would not be decisive.


The political assertiveness of Muslims in Britain is creating difficulties for secular multiculturalism. While black and related ethno-racial identities are intrinsic to the rainbow coalition of identity politics, this coalition is deeply unhappy with Muslim consciousness. While for some this rejection is specific to Islam, for many the ostensible reason is that it is a religious identity, and therefore has no place in the public sphere. Yet in this the advocates of difference politics are reverting to a public/private distinction that they have spent two or three decades demolishing. The emergence of Muslim politcal agency has, then, thrown British multiculturalism into theoretical and practical disarray. This is worrying because on any objective reading there cannot be a race relations settlement in Britain without the Muslims, as nearly half of all non-whites are Muslims.


The invention relates to a controlling method of an intercooler and a cooling system of a vehicle. The method controls the intercooler of the vehicle including a bypass valve that is disposed between an inlet and an outlet connected to the ends of a U-shaped cooling part and is opened/closed such that compressed air is directly bypassed from the inlet to the outlet, without passing through the cooling part. The method includes determining whether to bypass compressed air injected in the intercooler by measuring one or more of engine load, vehicle speed, engine revolution speed, and gear stage, closing the bypass valve to block the flow between the inlet and the outlet when the compressed air needs to be bypassed, and opening the bypass valve such that the compressed air directly flows between the inlet and the outlet when it is smaller than the cooling reference value, when the compressed air does not need to be bypassed.


In the competitive business the automobile companies have to update for the aesthetic look of vehicle with its efficiency, service and cost of vehicle. When car come across any accident from the front portion most of the time Hood system gets damaged. So there is a need for analysis of Hood system. For every new car project, updated vehicle's style is coming from styling department. The engineering feasibility data is prepared as per updated styling with the provided surrounding space. In this paper, new hood design is prepared for better stiffness than the existing hood design. The torsion stiffness and cross member bending durability load cases are considered for stiffness calculation in this work. The primary data of hood assembly has created as per design consideration and development has done as per Computer Aided Engineering results. This paper deals with development for better stiffness of new hood assembly design compare to the existing design.


In this paper, we mainly concerned about deriving the general formula to count the possible positions of n step random walk in Z d with unit length in each step, which we denoted as | P dn | . For our results, we firstly propose a recurrence relation of the counting formula: | P d +1 n | = | P dn | + 2 P n − 1 k =0 | P dk | . Next, we propose two methods in deriving the explicit formula of | P dn | using generating functions and Faulhaber's formula. Finally, we reached our main theorem in the matrix representation of our formula.


Explicit expressions for the expectation values and the variances of some observables, which are bilinear quantities in the quantum fields on a D-dimensional manifold, are derived making use of zeta function regularization. It is found that the variance, related to the second functional variation of the effective action, requires a further regularization and that the relative regularized variance turns out to be $2/N,$ where N is the number of the fields, thus being independent of the dimension D. Some illustrating examples are worked through. The issue of the stress tensor is also briefly addressed.


The Bush administration's proposals to revamp the Clean Air Act received mixed reviews. The alternative fuels proposal in the administration's bill, if passed, would mandate the sale of so-called clean-fueled vehicles (CFVs) in the nine worst ozone non-attainment areas in the country. In areas failing to plan for reductions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and toxic air chemicals equivalent to those outlined in the Bush proposal, a total of 500,000 CFVs would have to be sold in 1995, 750,000 in 1996, and 1,000,000 each year from 1997-2004. What is unclear, however, is who will manufacture, sell, or purchase these vehicles. The paper discusses the pros and cons of ethanol, methanol, and compressed natural gas (CNG), the major alternative fuels being considered as supplements or replacements for gasoline.


We prove a six-parameter identity whose terms have the form xaT(kl, 11)T(k2, 12), where T(k, 1) = E? xkn 2+n . This identity is then used to give a new proof of the familiar Ramanujan identity H(x)G(x11) x2G(x)H(x11) = 1, where G(x) = rlH o[(l x5n+1)(1 x5n+4)]-l and H(x) = Hl?o[(l x5n+2)(1 _ x5n+3)]I . Two other identities, called "balanced Q2 identities", are also established through its use.


Within the bit stream of an embedded digital code is a stream that can be decoded to produce a reasonable replica of the analog source signal. Unlike pulse code modulation (PCM), differential PCM (DPCM), is not an embedded code. If C bits/sample are delected from the bit stream of a DPCM encoder with E bits/sample, the decoded analog signal is substantially noisier than the output of a DPCM codec with D = E - C bits/sample. The penalty is 4-10 dB in signal-to-noise ratio (snr). However, with minor modifications to the encoder and decoder, DPCM becomes an embedded code. Embedded DPCM with E bits/ sample at the encoder and D bits/sample transmitted produces exactly the same output as embedded DPCM with D bits/sample encoding and perfect transmission. The snr of embedded DPCM is slightly lower than the Snr of DPCM. The penalty is 0.5-0.8 dB if the minimum transmitted bit rate is 2 bits/sample. It is less than 0.3 dB if D is at least 3 bits/sample. Combined with an appropriate adaptive quantizer the embedded DPCM codec produces embedded ADPCM (adaptive DPCM) for variable rate transmission ranging from 2 bits/sample up to any desired maximum. Applications exist in speech interpolation, packet switching, and hardware architecture.


We propose an improved Greengard-Rokhlin fast multipole algorithm (GRFMA) whose theoretical complexity is the same as that of MLFMA. We have also considered EM wave scattering from N conducting circular cylinders. In solving the linear system, GRFMA and MLFMA are applied to the computation of matrix-vector product. From numerical examples, the same efficiency and accuracy are confirmed between GRFMA and MLFMA. Because of the low frequency problem, however, the net computation time becomes shorter for GRFMA than for MLFMA.


The article considers the issue of the relationship between higher education and financial behavior of citizens of the Russian Federation. The points of view formed in the scientific literature on the factors determining the rationality of financial behavior. In addition, the role of education and training as a tool for the formation of responsible financial behavior of the population are presented. The observed manifestation of financial behavior was the demand for financial services provided by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, as well as data on the availability of higher education, which were reflected in the All-Russian Population Census of 2020. As a result of the study, five groups of indicators were formed: accounts of individuals; placement of funds by individuals; loans /loans of individuals; payment services; insurance. The calculations were carried out in the context of the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation and allowed us to identify the following connections: strong direct (fixed for all groups of indicators), average direct (all except insurance), feedback (placement of funds by individuals; loans/loans of individuals) and weak communication (accounts of individuals; placement of funds by individuals; loans/loans of individuals). The presence of higher education shows a noticeable connection with the consumption by households and individuals of such services as: remote service and non-cash payments, exchange investments, deposits in banks, insurance protection. The level of involvement in interaction with the banking system, loans and overdue debts in non-bank financial organizations are at a comparable level in all federal districts. The higher the level of education, the lower the interest in such services as: placement of funds in micro-credit organizations and credit consumer cooperatives, loans that are small in volume and time taken in credit consumer cooperatives without the use of remote technologies. The assumption that higher education helps residents of Russia to make long-term decisions, avoid mistakes and follow models of responsible financial behavior has been empirically confirmed.


Abstract - In this paper, a new scheme using redundant residue number system is proposed for decreasing the total consumption power and thus, increasing the lifetime, and also to reach error controllability to improve reliability of received data and therewith to obtain improvement in end-to-end delay in wireless sensor networks. The proposed scheme employs the new moduli set . Moreover, to complete the new scheme, an efficient reverse converter in both terms of conversion delay and hardware saving is designed and implement based on mixed radix conversion algorithm. Index Terms - Redundant Residue Number System, Reverse Converter, Mixed-Radix-Conversion, Wireless Sensor Networks I . Introduction Wireless sensor networks technologies with a large number of multifunctional low-power sensor nodes have received tremendous attention because of wide applications in today's world 1 . In such as networks, two critical issues are energy conservation and


In this paper we first introduce a Carleson inequality and study the generalized form of Carleson inequality in the context of spaces of homogeneous type. The previous inequality is known to play important roles in harmonic analysis.


In this seminar we study geometric properties of algebraic curves, or of Riemann surfaces, with the help of an algebraic object attached: the fundamental group, either the algebraic fundamental group, as introduced by Grothendieck, or the topological fundamental group. Here is the central idea of the seminar. To an algebraic curve X over a eld K we can attach the fundamental group (either in the algebraic context or in the topological vein). This algebraic object gives information about the geometry of X. Commuting between topology and algebraic geometry we can determine rather precisely the structure of this group (at least in characteristic zero, or the prime-top part in characteristic p). This tool enables us to prove theorems, nd structures in arithmetic geometry and in algebraic geometry. Please do not consider these notes as containing complete information on the topics introduced, but rather as a guideline through the literature mentioned. We hope and expect students to work themselves through this beautiful material; and, of course both of us are available whenever you have questions, in case you want to talk about this material, or whatever. In the rst sections we gather together some basic information, connecting topological concepts with deenitions and theorems in algebraic geometry. These are meant as an introduction to, and a basis for studying the following topics, fundamental ideas and theorems: I: Good reduction Given a family (of algebraic curves, of Riemann surfaces, of abelian varieties , or whatever) over a punctured disc, or over the eld of fractions of a discrete valuation ring; try to nd a criterion which ensures that this family can be extended in such a way that the central ber has \good reduction"; it turns out that the Ga-lois representation obtained enables us to formulate precisely this property. In case of abelian varieties this was given by Serre and Tate; in that case the Galois representation, obtained from (co)homology, or from the Tate-`-group, provides the tool necessary. We discuss the case of algebraic curves, where the Galois representation (or the monodromy representation) on the fundamental group of the algebraic curve (sitting over the generic point) provides the necessary information, as Takayuki Oda explained to us, see Section 10.


The purpose of this investigation is to analyse and demonstrate how elderly people and people with STS special transport services) entitlement travel. The study also seeks to show the possibilities for people with STS entitlement or using ordinary public transport and any problems that may be associated with that. The aim is to provide a basis for estimating how large a share of people entitled to STS might be able to travel on regularly scheduled public transport facilities. The investigation is restricted to studying the travel of people living in four residential areas in Uppsala. Two of these areas are serviced by low-floor buses in ordinary traffic, and the other two by service routes. Practical experiments were conducted in Malmoe where elderly and functionally impaired people tested the accessibility of three different types of buses.


It is proved that adding some reactants,such as F,Ca and phosphorite,to solution containing phosphorus can markedly reduce the phosphorus contents in the solutions.Based on this fact,the dosage of the reactants have been optimized for phosphorus reduction.The other factors affecting the phosporus reduction,such as shaking,adding of the catalysts and etc.are discussed.And the reaction rate for the precipitate solidification is also discussed.


Abstract The reports of Holst and Newlon (1927) and Beach (1924) together with those of other investigators in the field of nutrition leave little doubt as to the importance of supplying some source of vitamin A in the poultry ration. Experimental results of avitaminosis A are numerous and varied. It apparently exerts a physiological effect upon production, hatchability and particularly upon growth. The experimental results of Osborn and Mendel (1919) clearly illustrate that alfalfa leaves are an excellent source of vitamin A. When alfalfa meal is used as the only source of this vitamin, according to Davis and Beach (1926) "the amount fed should be in excess of 10 per cent of the total ration." Root crops are often easily obtainable for feeding purposes and comparatively recent investigations have been made in an effort to determine their value as green feed. Davis and Beach (1925) (1926) concluded that yellow and red . . .


In literature, many papers deal with shielding of extremely low frequency power cables, e.g. with complex shaped non-ferromagnetic materials [1] or very thin high permeability sheets [2]. In our study, we consider shielding by U-shaped gutters with cover plates (see Fig. 1a), made in a 3 mm thick hot rolled ferromagnetic steel with 0.18% C and 0.50% Si. We focuss on the power losses in the magnetic shield, in particular in the case that harmonics are observed in the waveforms in the cables. In the 3 mm thick steel plates of the shield, the induced currents contribute strongly to the over-all field reduction of about 20 dB. It is therefore not surprising that the classical losses are the dominant loss term for both the 50 Hz fundamental wave and for higher harmonics. A 2D finite element model (FEM) was made in order to compute the classical loss in the time domain. The hysteresis losses and the excess losses are found from a time domain loss model. Both the loss model and the BH characteristic in FEM are based on hysteresis loop measurements in an Epstein frame. The FEM and loss model are useful to compute the shield losses for any waveform of the phase currents. To validate the FEM, the losses are measured in a laboratory setup that consists of a three phase power source with harmonic waveform synthesis, connected via a three phase transformer to 8 m long shielded phase conductors. The power in the shield is determined by subtraction of corresponding loss measurements with and without shield. Fig. 1b shows the measured power losses of the complete three phase system for several harmonics. The full paper will show measured and simulated losses in case of waveforms that contain several harmonics.


Reducing the weight of sample and increasing the temperature of oven so that the determination rate of moisture in soybean lecithin will be raised near two times.Especially be suited to control production procedure


PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY O-F MANCHEST-ER.-At a meetip.g on December 9th, 1908, Dr. MILLIGAN (President) in the chair, Mr, G. ROBERTS and Dr. C. POWELL WHITE showed two specimens of congenital tumour of the kidney removed by .operation, and some similar tumours from the Pathological Museum of the University of Manchester. All the tumours contained cells resembling sarcoma cells, .epithelial tubes, muscle fibres, etc. They were distinguished from sarcomata by the presence of the epithelial 'ti-bes, which were formed by differentiation from' the .-sareoma-like cells, and hence these and similar growths bad been placed by Dr. Powell White in a class by themselves under the name of blastoc7tomata. Sir WILLIAM SINCLAIR gave a short address on peritonitic adhesions, drawing his illustrations almost entirely from -obstetrics and gynaecology. He maintained that if the peritoneum was wounded or became inflamed, as, for -example, in the slighter attacks of lymphatic infection in .ehildbed, adhesions were inevitable; exceptions must be .extremely rare, and could depend only upon the movements of the intestines when the omentum did not come within range. Ee traced the formation of adhesions from ,he fibrinous exudation stage to the stage of firm, non-vscular fibrous adhesions which displace organs or inter; Ifere with their functions. In gynaecology, when adhesions -of the uterus could be diagnosed or reasonably suspected, manipulative treatment was futile. Operation was indieated, and details depended upon what was then made out ty touch and sight. Inasmuch as adhesions were inevitable, their production in certain operations should be aimed at; they should be made useful and conservative; their formation should not be left to blind chance so -that they may become a cause of discomfort or danger. Professor DELEJPINE, in a paper on methods of examination of milk, showed that milkborne infections were either .direct zoogenous infections (for example, tuberculosis), -indirect anthropogenous (for example, typhoid), or belonged -to a mixed class in which the infection was brought about ¶y indirect faecal pollutions (for example, summer diarrhoea). In zoogenous infections the pathological state of this fluid might be indicated more or less clearly by altera-tions in composition, by an excess in the amount -of cells, or by the presence of specific pathogenic bacteria. In anthropogenous infections there was usually evidence of contamination with extraneous -products and of the presence of specific pathogenic %bacteria. These, as well as cells and other products -derived from the udder, could be separated by centrijtgalization, and obtained in a thick viscid mass geperally 4giewn as "slime." Physico-chemical analysis and.simple gucroseopical examination, estimation of the number of leucocytes" and estimation of the number of bacteria yielded results which had no constant rglp,tion to the infectiousness of the milk, and could not be relied upon as tases for preventive administrative action; while determi:ation of the presence of specific pathogenic, bacteria by warious methods, and of the pathoaenic action of milk by -'ioculation, though very useful in special cases, -were too -eJow for administrative purposes. Measurement of the !slime was the only method capable of being used in current Administrative work, but it could not be relied upon to -exclude all infectious milk from the market. By tbis -nethod it would, however, be possible to eliminate from the milk supply a very considerable portion of the unsound


A growing literature exists analysing the impact of balance on current account announcements on bilateral exchange rates. This literature typically considers and reports results for a number of bilateral exchange rates. This paper investigates whether there are distinct effects across the range of bilateral exchange rates, or alternately whether a common response carries across all the bilateral exchange rates. Our results favour a common response. JEL classification: F30.


A series of studies concerning recent trends in the logistics services market, retail competition and internet usage suggests growth in demand for 'same day' courier services (Hyunwoo and Narushige 2011). The same study also indicates that increasingly unstable requests by customers require firms to proactively and innovatively 'respond to the demand volatility'. Reasons include: shortening product and technology lifecycles, competitive pressures forcing more frequent product changes and consumers demanding greater product variety (Singh 2011). Statistics from the Centre for Retail Research (2014) reveals e-commerce as the fastest growing retail market in Europe, with sales in the UK, Germany, France, Sweden, Netherland, Italy, Poland and Spain expected to reach a combined total of £111.2 bn in 2014 (€155.3 bn or $212.8 bn) and for the US to reach $306.0 bn (€224.0 bn) in 2014. With the rise in e-tailing, the express parcel industry is expected to grow by 6.7% per annum over the next ten years (Oxford Economic Forecasting and Mott Macdonald, 2006), nearly three times as fast as GDP, as the industry serves the increasing need for rapid and guaranteed delivery. Amazon CEO Christopher North also analysed how parcel delivery has transformed from one week to next day, and predicts that over the next five to ten years, same day delivery will become a norm and that is Amazon's target (Fletcher, 2015).


Multi-rate hierarchical control approaches have gained increased attention in the optimal control of large scale systems due to their usually superior short- and longterm performance compared to distributed approaches and computational advantages compared to centralized controllers. This paper presents a multi-rate hierarchical control scheme for the constrained control of an ensemble system, i.e. a group of individual (similar but heterogeneous) systems that follow a common goal. The approach is based on the definition of a small-scale reference system, which is common for all the subsystems. It allows to define a small-scale ensemble model, to be controlled in a scalable way by the centralized high level of the hierarchy. At the low level, a local shrinking horizon MPC controller is used for each subsystem. Feasibility results are provided and convergence properties are discussed. Finally, the properties of the present approach are illustrated in a case study.


Objective: To analyse the reason of the psychotic inpatient easy to cause fracture,proposes the preventive measure.Methods:Retrospectively analyzing the clinical material of 51 cases of the psychotic inpatients complicated fracture.Results: ①The morbility of psychotic complicated fracture is 0.52%;②the reasons of psychotic inpatient easy to cause the fracture are: Osteoporosis,low calcium,old age,the energetic symptom.Drug adverse reaction and hospitalization hermetization are easy to cause fracture;③Takes the corresponding preventive measure according to the above reason,the reduces of fracture is decreased. Conclusion: Analysing the reason of the psychotic inpatient easy to cause fracture,improving the therapy method,to change the administration mode and service can reduce fracture accident,improve the medical service quality.


Through indoor tests, the influence of compactness and the water content on the CBR and resilient modulus was analyzed. The experiment results indicate that double indexes of degree of compaction and percent air voids designed, or single index of field percent air voids should be applied in construction.


Background: Awake Craniotomy during pregnancy is a rare but urgent procedure. Since pregnancy can both accelerate the progression of a tumor and mask other diagnoses, cases may lead to premature termination of pregnancy. From a neurosurgical, anesthetic, and obstetrical perspective, these operations may be challenging. Methods: In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to January 3rd, 2023. Studies were included if they included pregnant patients who underwent awake craniotomy. Results: Nine papers fit the criteria for the final analysis. All investigations were case studies. A total of nine patients were included. Mean age at surgery was 26.9 years, and mean gestational age at craniotomy was 20.9 weeks. Eight (88.9%) patients underwent craniotomy for tumor resection and the other had a pseudoaneurysm repair. Glioma was the most common tumor pathology (n=5), followed by meningioma (n=1), and glioblastoma (n=1). None of the patients experienced significant intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications. There were no obstetrical complications or significant changes in fetal status during or after surgery, and all reported deliveries were successful with healthy infants. Conclusions: Awake craniotomy during pregnancy can be a safe procedure with appropriate pre-operative patient selection and extensive multidisciplinary planning.


Microcrystals of a diarylethene {1,2-bis[5'-methyl-2'-(2"-pyridyl)thiazolyl]perfluorocyclo-pentene} undergo jumps upon photoirradiation. These photochromic crystals present molecular structural changes upon irradiation with ultraviolet light because of reversible photocyclization reactions. When the energy absorbed by crystals reaches about 10 microJ, the uniaxial stress induced in the crystal lattice relaxes through directional jumps. If one prevents crystals from jumping, then parallel, equidistant cracks appear on crystal surfaces. These photomechanical effects could result from a Grinfeld surface instability.


A bstract. W e used three indicatorsofm assive starform ation:H ,FIR and nontherm alradio lum inosities,to com pare estim ations ofStar Form ation Rate (SFR) forthe sam ple of34 spiralgalaxies.To adjustSFR values,obtained from di erent indicators,we considered the slope and/orupperm asslim itM up ofInitialM ass Function (IM F) as free param eters.The best agreem ent between these indicators reaches for M up 60 100 M and 3:1 in the high m ass end of IM F (M > 10 M ).Parallelwith SFR we also estim ated FIR excessX F IR de ned asa fraction ofthe observed FIR which is not related to young m assive stars directly. X F IR is found to be wellcorrelated with types ofspiralgalaxies and their colors (B-V):the redder a galaxy the higher is its FIR excess.W e conclude that for any param eters ofIM F the observed FIR ux ofearly type spiralgalaxies needs the additionalsource ofenergy butthe m assive starradiation.


The energy sector is expected to face fundamental challenges in the near future. On the one hand, it is experiencing a rapidly increasing demand for energy. At the same time, it is subject to the pressure of the climate policy due to environmental issues. For the same reason, the energy sector is forced to undertake costly investments to transform production from black to green energy. The issue of financing has become one of the key problems of the energy sector, especially in those countries in which energy production traditionally is based on fossil fuels, i.e., coal. The paper aims to investigate the impact of corporate governance on the capital structure of companies from the energy industry. We use three proxies of corporate governance quality: institutional investors, the board size, and state ownership and investigate their impact on capital structure. Our findings suggest that the latter two negatively impact debt levels. In our model, we control for financial factors and CEO personal characteristics. We use a Polish setting since transformational problems of the energy sector in Poland are especially visible. At the same time, energy companies in Poland are subject to the strict EU climate policy.


Understanding the impact of fishermen children's online games is a phenomenon because it has the potential to cause internet addiction, decreased learning achievement, and even the destruction of interpersonal relationships. The purpose of this study is to categorize the understanding of fishermen children in the use of online games in Makassar City. This type of research uses a qualitative approach referring to case studies that specifically reveal children's understanding of the impact of online games, especially fishing communities. Data was collected through non-participant observation, and in-depth interviews with children aged 7-12 years chosen by purposive sampling. The results found that fishermen children's understanding of the impact of online games is high. First, the category of high comprehension is characterized by duration and low frequency or children do not play online games, high interactivity playing with peers. Second, the category of understanding being children tends to divide the time playing online games and learning with minimal duration and frequency of time. Third, the category of understanding is low in characteristics, children are very intensive to have the duration and frequency of playing online games very high, the level of interactivity with peers is low.


This study explores the production of a new type of pile. This new spiral pile is made of a twisted steel plate, creating a continuous spiral shape. Before starting the large-scale production of these piles, it is necessary to experimentally investigate their bearing properties, which are related to admissible displacement and installation method. It is also necessary to develop an analytical model to determine their bearing capacity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the bearing properties of the spiral pile and the behavior of the surrounding ground. Considering this, the first objective is to examine the effect of the shape of the pile. The installation method and penetration resistances are thoroughly discussed on the basis of the results of static loading tests using model piles. The static penetration tests were conducted under various shaft rotary conditions. It was confirmed that the shaft rotary condition has a significant impact on the penetration resistance and vertical bearing capacity of the spiral pile. The second objective is to show the behavior of the ground during penetration using X-ray computerized tomography (CT). An industrial X-ray CT scanner was used to observe changes in the density of the sand surrounding the spiral piles during penetration. The disturbance area of the ground surrounding the spiral pile was observed using CT images; the images revealed that the disturbance area surrounding the spiral pile was significantly affected by shaft rotary conditions.


This research purposes to (1) developing physics pocket book based on
inquiry learning as self learning resource of students of Senior High School on the
topic of kinematic of vertical movement of grade X, (2) knowing quality of
physics pocket book based on inquiry learning as self learning resource of students
of Senior High School on the topic of kinematic of vertical movement of grade X,
(3) knowing students response toward physics pocket book based on inquiry
learning as self learning resource of students of Senior High School on the topic
of kinematic of vertical movement of grade X.
This research is kind of Research and Development (R&D) with a
procedural model. Development procedures based on Research and Development
(R&D) procedure by Puslitjaknov Team that adapted on Borg and Gall's research
procedure with development steps such as (1) doing product analysis that will be
developed, (2) developing preliminary product, (3) experts validation and
revision, (4) small scale field test and product revision, and (5) large scale field
and final product. Collecting data techniq a non test. Research instruments are
developed by such as validation sheet, appraisal sheet and student response. The
analyzing data technique is done by changing the quantitative data into qualitative
data.
This research had producted of physics pocket book based on inquiry
learning as self learning resource of students of Senior High School on the topic
of kinematic of vertical movement of grade X. Based on appraisal of media
expert, material expert, and physics teacher, physics pocket book based on inquiri
learning has average score 3,40; 3,72; and 3,45 with very good quality and for the
result students response toward physics pocket book based on inquiry learning has
the score for small scale field test is 2,91 and large scale field test is 2,99 with
criteria is agree.


Background: Hip arthroscopy is considered a safe procedure, considering the relatively low rate of complications. Despite several complications have been described following this surgical procedure, the present event has not yet been described. The purpose of the present study is to report an unpublished complication following hip arthroscopy, after reviewing 162 hip arthroscopies and finding iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) in the knee during followup. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 162 hip arthroscopies performed between September 2007 and June 2011 was carried out, evaluating patients who presented ITBS during followup. Indication for hip arthroscopy was failure of conservative treatment in patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. Results: During a minimum followup of 2 years, nine patients (5.5%) developed ITBS. All patients were diagnosed with ITBS within the first 45 postoperative days. Conservative treatment was successful in 6 patients while 3 had to undergo surgery. The increased internal rotation, synovitis and increased adduction of the hip can be attributed as predisposing factors to the development of ITBS. Conclusions: This is a newly described observation within followup of hip arthroscopy. These findings may help orthopedic surgeons when planning rehabilitation after hip arthroscopy, including stretching exercises to prevent this syndrome.


This paper is about the improvement of the E-Request Transcript system used by POLISAS to be a systematic and effective system. The improvement is implemented to solve the current problem, whereby, students need to access the E-Request Transcript system according to the graduation session in individual file. This situation makes it difficult for the administrators to access more than one E-request transcript system if the application is from different sessions. It is because of the data-access issues to generate reports. To achieve the system improvement, an integrated database using the query optimization technique is implemented. Next, the query statement is analysed to produce an optimum performance. Research results show that the technique is able to improve the query time processing, thus resolving the issues discussed. A user acceptance test for this system consists of a black box test and a beta test has been deployed. A black box test was conducted to test the main menu functions in the E-Request transcript and is found to be able to succeed. Furthermore, the beta test is carried out using a survey form distributed to all students who have graduated. Survey questionnaire showed that 57% of respondents were satisfied using this system and 14% were very satisfied with this system. All respondents have provided a good scaling rate for all items assessed. For overall system assessment, the mean score obtained is 3.78 which is interpreted as a good rate based on the scale of interpretation used. In conclusion, this system has met the needs of consumers as well as simplifying their business based on surveys conducted.


AbstractHeight assignment (HA) is currently the most challenging task in the operational atmospheric motion vectors' (AMV) extraction scheme. Several sources of error are associated with the height assignment step, including the sensitivity of the HA methods to several atmospheric parameters. However, one of the main difficulties is to identify, for the HA calculation, the most significant image pixels used in the feature-tracking process. The most widely used method selects the coldest pixels in a representative target box (e.g., coldest 25%) to infer the height of the detected feature, irrespective of what was tracked. This paper presents a method based on a closer link between the pixels used for tracking and their HA. The individual contribution to the overall tracking cross-correlation coefficient is used to identify the most significant pixels contributing to the tracking. This approach has been implemented operationally at European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUM...


In an effort to improve the reliability and reduce the operating costs of helicopter structure, an increasing emphasis is being placed on the damage tolerant approach for life management of helicopter structure. Corrosion damage of helicopter dynamic components and life reliability prediction approach has been systematically analyzed. Based on the conclusion of fatigue life under normal environment, the model for life reliability analysis of helicopter dynamic components has been established. A hybrid approach based on a mixture of the traditional safe-life and damage tolerance techniques can be used as an optimal strategy for ensuring helicopter structural integrity; the life of a helicopter main rotor blade under corrosion environment has been obtained according to flaw-tolerance method. According to probabilistic fracture mechanics theory, the analytical model of structures with initial corner cracks has been established. Thus the service life and inspection intervals according to the request of reliability can be determined; it is very valuable in engineering for life prediction and monitoring of helicopter dynamic components under corrosion environment.


Knowing the masses of the components of binary systems is very useful for constraining the possible scenarios that could lead to their existence. While it is sometimes possible to determine the mass of the primary star, it is challenging to obtain good mass estimates of the secondary of a single-line spectroscopic binary. If the sample of such binaries is large enough, however, it is possible to use statistical methods to determine the mass-ratio distribution, and thus, the mass distribution of the secondary. Recently, the mass distribution of companions to extremely low-mass white dwarfs was studied using a sample of binaries from the ELM WD Survey. I reanalyse the same sample with two different methods: in the first one, I assume some functional form for the mass distribution, while in the second, I apply an inversion method. I show that the resulting companion-mass distribution can be as well approximated by either a uniform or a Gaussian distribution. The mass-ratio distribution derived from the inversion method without assuming any a priori functional form shows some additional fine-grain structure, although, given the small sample, it is difficult to claim that this structure is statistically significant. I conclude that it is not yet possible to fully constrain the distribution of the mass of the companions to extremely low-mass white dwarfs, although it appears that the probability to have a neutron star in one of the systems is indeed very low.


Segmentation and classification of cells in biological data are important problems in bio-medical image analysis. This paper outlines a novel probabilistic approach to simultaneously classify and segment multiple cells of different classes in a multi-variate setting. Superpixels are extracted from the input vector-valued image, and a 2D hidden Markov model (HMM) is set up on the superpixel graph. HMM emission probabilities are used to ensure high confidence in local class selection based on superpixel feature vectors. Spatial consistency of labels is enforced by proper choice of transition probabilities, which are conditioned on the feature vectors of neighboring superpixels at each location. Optimal superpixel-level class labels are inferred using the HMM, and are aggregated to obtain global multiple object segmentation. The performance is demonstrated on a challenging microscopy dataset. Experiments show, both quantitatively and qualitatively, that the proposed approach effectively segments and classifies cells, outperforming related techniques.


This paper proposes a novel technique to extend the capability of the vector sum phase shifter from a single channel to multiple channels for phased array antenna applications. Each channel is implemented using a distinct optical wavelength. Selective control of each channel is performed using an acousto-optic polarisation coupler. The concept is successfully demonstrated for two individually controlled channels. For each channel, a continuously variable frequency-linear phase shift is demonstrated between DC and 7 GHz with the phasing range exceeding 1000. It is anticipated that up to 10 channels could be simultaneously operated in a single device.


DNA-coated inorganic particles can be prepared simply by physical adsorption of azide-functionalized diblock copolymers (polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-azide, PS-b-PEO-N3) onto hydrophobically-modified inorganic particles, followed by strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC, copper-free click chemistry). This approach is applied to organosilica, silica and titania particles. The DNA-coated colloids are successfully crystallized into colloidal superstructures by a thermal annealing process using DNA-mediated assembly.


Nonlinear optics has undergone dramatic developments in the past 60 years, which has revolutionized the photonic and optoelectronic fields with many essential applications such as electro-optic switching, frequency mixing, optical parametric oscillation, optical phase conjugation, and so forth. As one of the new and promising candidates for both next-generation photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, halide perovskite semiconductors have attracted extensive research attention because of their excellent electrical and optical properties demonstrated in the linear optical regime. In the past five years, halide perovskites have become a new research frontier of nonlinear optical materials because their highly tunable chemical components and multiple structures provide a variety of outstanding nonlinear optical properties, which support a broad scope of nonlinear optical applications. In this review, we have summarized the nonlinear optical properties of halide perovskites categorized according to the second-, third-, and high-order processes. Aside from the more conventional nonlinear effects, such as sum and difference frequency generation, this review also pays attention to the lesser known but important nonlinear phenomena, such as linear and circular photogalvanic effects, the high-order shift current effect, and the multi-photon pumped photoluminescence. We have also reviewed and summarized the nonlinear applications of halide perovskites, including multi-photon pumped photoluminescence imaging, multi-photon pumped amplified spontaneous emission and lasing, sub-bandgap and self-powered photodetection, all-optical and electro-optic modulation, saturable absorption, optical limiting, and so on. It is our belief that halide perovskites have proven to be excellent candidates for promoting the upgrading and updating of nonlinear optical devices with greatly improved performance and novel functionalities.


The only way to ensure effective management in legal firms is by following the Pareto principle or the 80/20 principle, which states that there is an inbuilt imbalance between causes and effects, inputs and outputs, and efforts and rewards. One of the main reasons why the principle is not used by the firms is due to a fear factor.


Glycolytic fibres in rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior (TA) were selectively activated, as demonstrated by glycogen depletion, by indirect electrical stimulation via electrodes implanted in the vicinity of the peroneal nerve using high frequency (40 Hz) trains (250 ms at 1 Hz) and low voltage (threshold of palpable contractions). This regime was applied 10 times per day, each bout being of 15 min duration with 60 min recovery, for 2 weeks. Cryostat sections of muscles were stained for alkaline phosphatase to depict capillaries, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) to demonstrate oxidative fibres, and periodic acid‐Schiff reagent (PAS) to verify glycogen depletion. Specific activity of hexokinase (HK), 6‐phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen phosphorylase and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) were estimated separately in homogenates of the EDL and the predominantly glycolytic cortex and oxidative core of the TA. Stimulation increased the activity of HK but not that of oxidative enzymes in fast muscles. Comparison of changes in oxidative capacity and capillary supply showed a dissociation in the predominantly glycolytic TA cortex. Here, COX was 3.9 ± 0.68 μM min‐1 (g wet wt)‐1 in stimulated muscles compared with 3.7 ± 0.52 μM min‐1 (g wet wt)‐1 in contralateral muscles (difference not significant), while the percentage of oxidative fibres (those positively stained for SDH) was also similar in stimulated (14.0 ± 2.8%) and contralateral (12.2 ± 1.9%) muscles. In contrast, the capillary to fibre ratio was significantly increased (2.01 ± 0.12 vs. 1.55 ± 0.04, P < 0.01). We conclude that capillary supply can be increased independently of oxidative capacity, possibly due to haemodynamic factors, and serves metabolite removal to a greater extent than substrate delivery.


In order to accurately measure the movement speed of the vehicle,a speed measurement method based on the image sequences of the pavement is presented.This method uses the vehicle-borne image collection system to collect the gray image of the pavement in real time under the condition of continuous imaging.According to the similarity of the pavement images with adjacent frames,the interframe image displacement is estimated by using the gray projection algorithm,and the movement speed of vehicles is calculated based on the calibration parameters and frame rate of the image collection system.The experimental results show that this algorithm has good stability for the vehicle speed measurement on a flat road with randomly distributed texture,and the experimental measurement error between the motor instantaneous speed and the actual average speed is less than 4%.


In this paper, we propose a new session maintenance protocol called managed session protocol (MSP). It provides services such as automatic restart of transport session when down, multi-session and multi-homing. As a result, MSP offers many advantages for upper layer applications (ULP). For instance, border gateway protocol (BGP) can use MSP in order to automatic set up multiple sessions between a pair of peers. In addition, MSP can be used without re-compiling or re-linking existing binaries and without making any kernel modifications. We have verified relevant properties focused on maintenance features of MSP by using model checking techniques. In addition, we have carried out an implementation of MSP in the framework of an open source router platform so-called extensible open router platform (XORP). We present as well as both a BGP re-implementation using MSP and some performance analysis


Both Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and western medicine should not exaggerate its own strength beyond the limit, they both have its own strength and wickedness. It is the trend of modern medicine development that TCM and western medicine to integrating and supplementing each other. Academic debate should not be politicized,science and technology should be managed through the legal system, scholars must be awakened from the ostentatious ways of the world, the personality and morals that should belong to a scholar must be rebuilt, the sacred palace of science be purified. Persist in the viewpoint of science development so that the considerable progress of TCM can be guaranteed.


We propose a new broadband light source (BLS) based on the mutual injection between two ARcoated F-P LDs. We demonstrate colorless operation of WDM-PON by using the proposed BLS and Manchester coded data. The passive optical network (PON) based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has been investigated for fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). The WDM-PON is very attractive to provide almost unlimited bandwidth to the subscribers with the protocol and the bit rate transparencies. However, implementation of WDM-PON requires a cost-effective WDM source. Recently, the wavelength locked Fabry-Perot laser diode (F-P LD) with external spectrum sliced broadband light injection was proposed [1]. It is very effective solution to reduce the installation and management costs using wavelength independent operation of the optical network termination (ONT). In implementing the wavelength locked F-P LD, we can use a light emitting diode (LED), a superluminescent diode (SLD), or an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source based on EDFA as a broadband light source (BLS). The LED doesn't have enough output power and the others are expensive solution even though they can provide much higher output power compared with the LED. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a costeffective BLS by using mutually injected AR-coated F-P LDs. We also demonstrate WDM-PON with the wavelength locked F-P LDs by injecting the proposed BLS as an injection source. We use Manchester coded data to have the wavelength independent operation of an ONT. The proposed BLS is shown in dotted box of Fig. 1. It consists of two AR-coated F-P LDs, a 50:50 optical coupler, and two isolators. The reflectivity of the front facet and the mode spacing of the F-P LDs are 1% and 100 GHz, respectively. The fiber length between the two F-P LDs is 50 cm. We realized an unpolarized BLS by polarization multiplexing with two polarization controllers (PCs) and a polarization beam splitter (PBS). Fig. 2(a) shows the measured optical spectra of the F-P LD 1 and 2 without mutual injection. By mutual injection between the two F-P LDs, the 3 dB linewidth broadens up to 0.2 nm. The output spectrum of the mutually injected F-P LDs looks like the spectrum sliced broadband light as shown in Fig. 2(b). The center wavelength of gain envelope was shifted toward the long wavelength compared with individual F-P LD. It results from the decrease of threshold current because of mutual injection between two AR-coated F-P LDs. -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10


The photosynthetic properties of grapevine clone 8804 planted in the plastic pot in August,2004 were measured at the certain stage under the stress with different concentrations of salt(0,0.2%,0.4% and 0.6% NaCl)in the treated soil.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr) and the content of chlorophyll a(chl.a) and chlorophyll b(chl.b) changed similarly with increasing salt stress.They all dropped continually at the stress prophase,and then rose slightly for a few days.Afterwards,they dropped again rapidly at anaphase.Whereas intercellular concentrations of CO_2(Ci) unchanged almost at prophase,but fell sharply at anaphase.The findings indicated that the effect on grapevine photosynthesis through salt intimidating was a gradually conversion process,which varied from nonrestrictive of stoma to restrain of stoma.


The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Physical Activity Scale for Adolescents (PAQ-A), and Middle School Student Mental Health Scale (MSSMHS) were used to obtain valid test data from1528 secondary school students in Guiyang City through stratified random sampling, and the data were then processed by SPSS26.0, and the missing values and abnormal values were processed. Afterward, the AMOS24.0 was used to construct a model of self-efficacy and physical activity for mental health in adolescents with data imported for validation. The model of self-efficacy and physical activity for mental health in adolescents was validated by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) structural validity test, proving the validation of hypotheses H1, H2, and H3. And the results concluded CMIN/DF=4.788, RMSEA=0.050, GFI=0.950, TLI=0.964, and CFI=0.968 as an ideal model adaption. Conclusion: the model of self-efficacy and physical activity for mental health in adolescents provides a more intuitive and effective method for future research of the same type, thus improving the efficiency as well as the scientific validity of the research.


This is the story of a clever and utterly unique statutory provision that gave entrenched advocacy groups a tool to use against the government and judges a clear legal rule to enforce in the service of the modern trends of textualism and respect for the separation of powers. That statutory provision, 20 U.S.C. § 1406(b), went virtually unused and undiscussed for more than twenty years until its recent resurgence. This Article discusses, for the first time, the statutory provision and its history in-depth. It then offers uninformed – but hopefully useful – speculation on why the statute has not been used. In particular, this Article suggests that Section 1406(b)'s double-decade desuetude stems from a problem inherent in legal reasoning and practice. As legal thinking consists of categorization – the process by which a fact situation I slotted into a particular analytic model – and the creation of systems and models and legal practice requires practitioners and judges to quickly shunt real-world problems into such categories, a legal situation that looks very much like – but is not exactly – an existing category will cause adept legal thinkers to miss the difference unless and until the difference itself becomes a new category, often a subcategory of the category from which it is distinguished.


The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is producing validated wind resource maps for priority offshore regions of the United States. This report describes the methodology used to validate the maps and to build a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) database to classify the offshore wind resource by state, water depth, distance from shore, and administrative unit.


We report transport critical current density measurements of Bi(Pb)‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O high‐Tc thin films grown on several single‐crystal substrates. The films were dc magnetron sputtered from heavily Pb‐doped, single oxide targets and, after a short high‐temperature heat treatment in air, were fully superconducting above 100 K. The films deposited on MgO exhibited, according to x‐ray measurements, more than 9:1 ratio between the Bi‐2223 and the Bi‐2212 phase. They were granular and their critical current density was 2×102 A/cm2 at 90 K and above 104 A/cm2 at temperatures below 60 K. The films fabricated in the same process, but on epitaxial CaNdAlO4 and SrTiO3 substrates were mixed phase (about 1:1 ratio between Bi‐2223 and Bi‐2212), but they were highly textured and their critical current density was 6×105 A/cm2 at low temperatures. Our results suggest that granular Bi(Pb)‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O films exhibit a nonuniform distribution of superconducting phases. The Bi‐2212 phase is located at the surface of Bi‐2223 grains,...


■ Surface issues far outweigh effects of larger arrival/departure separations - Create significant delays and costs for other users, especially at airports designed to Group V standards - When feasible, new airports likely to have SHT demand must be designed to accommodate SHTs - Existing airports with such demand must be partially re-designed for this purpose ■ The surface operation issues for large-span SHT aircraft that were identified in our study are a precursor for the surface issues for ultra-high L/D aircraft that could have much longer spans. - NASA's research to develop future, environmentally friendly, generations of SHT/HWB should include consideration of how such aircraft would be operated at airports


In this paper, Jupiter's Great Red Spot (GRS) is used to determine properties of the Jovian atmosphere that cannot otherwise be found. These properties include the potential vorticity of the GRS and its neighboring jet streams, the shear imposed on the GRS by the jet streams, and the vertical entropy gradient (i.e., Rossby deformation radius). The cloud cover of the GRS, which is often used to define the GRS's area and aspect ratio, is found to differ significantly from the region of the GRS's potential vorticity anomaly. The westward-going jet stream to the north of the GRS and the eastward-going jet stream to its south are each found to have a large potential vorticity ``jump''. The jumps have opposite sign and as a consequence of their interaction with the GRS, the shear imposed on the GRS is reduced. The east-west to north-south aspect ratio of the GRS's potential vorticity anomaly depends on the ratio of the imposed shear to the strength of the anomaly. The aspect ratio is found to be $\approx$2:1, but without the opposing jumps it would be much greater. The GRS's high-speed collar and quiescent interior require that the potential vorticity in the interior be approximately half that in the collar. No other persistent geophysical vortex has a significant minimum of potential vorticity in its interior and laboratory vortices with such a minimum are unstable.


We have daily contact with many transition metals. Iron occurs everywhere—from the rings in your spiral notebook and the cutlery in your kitchen to automobiles, ships, buildings, and in the hemoglobin in your blood. Titanium is useful in the manufacture of lightweight, durable products such as bicycle frames, artificial hips, and jewelry. Chromium is useful as a protective plating on plumbing fixtures and automotive detailing.


In understanding the impact of apprentice assistant practitioners (AAPs) on mental healthcare services, it is important to understand the role of the practice trainer (PT). This article is the last in a series of four looking at AAPs in mental healthcare services. It will focus on the experiences of the PTs as they support AAPs working towards their qualified AAP role. The challenges faced by mental healthcare services and the role of the PT in supporting workforce development via the AAPs will be introduced. Semi-structured interviews were carried out on two PTs working in the north west of England and employed at the University of Bolton. Both participants work with AAPs employed in mental healthcare services and consented to take part. During the interview, the PTs were asked to outline how long they had worked in role, followed by an exploration into their experiences of supporting AAPs within mental healthcare services. The PTs were asked to give their opinion on the development of their role, throughout the programme, with particular reference to the restrictions and changes COVID-19 had made to their role.


Auxetic textile materials have become a point of developed knitted structures produced using high performance yarns and showing strong auxetic effects. The Negative Poisson Ratio based on Weft knitted fabric have huge potential for applications, especially in personal protection materials like bullet proof vest, and many industries application such as airspace, automobile, and so on. The present work reports auxetic structures using polypropylene filament yarn through weft knitted technology. The polypropylene filament yarn were knitted on a 5-gauge flat knitting machine (Passap Deumatic 80), using a 2-cam system with a pattern based on a (rib knitting) structure on the face and back loops. Three types of different loop length with same structural (fisherman's rib) are used (LL3, LL4, and LL5). The effected of different Loop length on negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) was investigated in the wale and courses direction. The results show that all knitted fabrics have the NPR effect, for the both direction (wale and course). It was observed that NPR improved strongly with the increase in loop length of knitted structures. Keywords— Negative Poisson Ratio, Weft Knitted, Loop Length, wale and course)


It is well known that the incidence of developing hepatocelluler carcinoma (HCC) is increased in liver cirrhosis of different etiologies. However, comparison of HCC incidence in various liver diseases has not yet been estimated. We surveyed this comparison.


ABSTRACT GC, CG/MS, FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analyses revealed that the essential oil of Elsholtzia eriostachya var. pusilla growing in Kumaun region (India) contained 53% geranial and 39% neral together with 19 other, mainly terpenoid constituents.


This paper theoretically examines the key dipole antenna parameters that define their performances in terms of current distribution, radiation resistance, input impedance, radiation efficiency, size, bandwidth, quality factor and directivity. We have investigated how these parameters are related to each other and also how variation of one alters the overall performance of the antenna.


Objective To establish the HPLC-DAD-ELSD fingerprint of Radix astragali,provide new methods for science quality control of the medicinal materials.Methods Application of HPLC-DAD-ELSD techniques were connected in series.The mobile phase A: 10% acetonitrile,B: 90% acetonitrile,detecting wavelength: 265 nm,flow rate: 1 mL/min,column temperature: 35 ℃,sample size: 20 μL,gain: 20,tube: 55 ℃,neb: 65%,air pressure: 2.068 5×105 Pa.The mutual mode was established depending on ten Astragalus samples from different growing areas in Gansu.The software "Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerfrint of Chinese Materia Medica" was applied to analyzing.ResultsThe established method is good for the separation of saponins,flavonoids from Radix Astragali,and simultaneous determination of the two different components in one sample injection.The similarity of different batches of medicinal materials is fit for the requirement.Conclusion The method is workable to simultaneously determine saponins and flavonoids fingerprint from Radix Astragali,and to control its quality.


A method and an apparatus for searching/obtaining handover information by using a DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) are provided to quickly and effectively search and obtain handover information. An information server position information receiving unit(110) receives position information in a network for access an IS(Information Server) that provides handover information from a DHCP server. An information server approaching unit(120) approaches the IS by using the position information of the IS. A handover information receiving unit(130) receives the handover information from the IS.


This study is funded by the Medical Research Council. 1 Robertson JR, Bucknall ABV, Welsby PD, Roberts JJK, Inglis JM, Peutherer JF, et al. Epidemic of AIDS related virus (HTLV-l 1 1/LAV) infection among intravenous drug abusers. BMJ 1986;292:527-9. 2 Ronald PJM, Robertson JR, Roberts JJK. Risk taking behaviour on the decline in intravenous drug users. BrJAddict 1992;87:115-6. 3 Donoghoe MC, Stimson GV, Dolan KA. Syringe exchange in England. an overiew. London: Tufnell Press, 1992. 4 Robertson JR The Edinburgh epidemic: a case study. In: Strang J, Stimson G, eds. AIDS and drug misuse. London: Routledge, 1990. 5 Johnson AM. Home grown heterosexually acquired HIV infection. BMJ 1992;304:1 125-6.


[Objective] The feasibility of the identification of protein and the analysis of the quality of different feedstuff with Tricine-SDS-PAGE system was discussed.[Method] The protein composition of five feedstuffs,rapeseed meal,cottonseed meal,extract from rapeseed meal,cottonseed meal fermented by Monilia tropicalis and cottonseed meal fermented by black mold,was identified with Tricine-SDS-PAGE system.[Results] The better isolation efficiency could be produced with 4.0%C and16.5%T.The protein band of rapeseed meal was showed in the central part(14.4-60.0 kD) and cottonseed meal,end part(about 90 kD),which contain was higher among all of experimental materials and the protein in the method was easy to be effectively separated.The result indicated that the effect of the cottonseed meal treated fermented by black mold was better that fermented by Monilia tropicalis.[Conclusion] There was significant different in protein image among five feedstuffs and the method of Tricine-SDS-PAGE ought to be the effective method in identification of the protein in feedstuff.


This paper studies the relationship between the mortality of persons with cancer of the gastric,esophagus, liver, cervix, lung, intestinum crassum, leukemia, nasopharynx and breast and the contents of Sn in soils in the people's living areas. The results show that the correlation between the mortality with cancer of esophagus and contents of Sn in soils is signiticant; that the correlation between the mortality with cancer of liver, cervix, nasopharynx and contents of Sn in soils is very significant; and that the correlation between the mortality with cancer of gastric, lung, intestinum crassun, leukemia and breast and contents of Sn in soils is not significant.