Introduction: The role of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been widely discussed in the orthopaedic literature. Theoretical and functional arguments and survivorship have all been used to support both its retention and its substitution. Moreover, with the advent of robotics and ever
evoluting kinematic surgical procedures, the results for the cruciate-retaining arthroplasties are found to be more variable than for the cruciate substituting arthroplasties. The present study is sought to investigate if there was a difference in the clinical outcome as measured by the commonly-used scoring systems which
includes (International Knee Society Score, Western Ontario McMasters Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index and the SF- 36 health survey along with the radiological scores and outcomes of the two procedures in TKA.
Methodology and Results: We performed a prospective, randomized trial of 30 patients to compare the functional outcomes of a posterior-cruciate-ligament-retaining and posterior- cruciate-ligament substituting total knee arthroplasty. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test and ANOVA test for multiple trials. At follow-up at 3 months, no statistically significant differences were found in the clinical outcome measurements for either design. The results of theWOMAC 35 score which were subdivided into pain, stiffness and function showed high scores for cruciate substituting groups for pain as compared to the cruciate retaining groups whereas, other parameters were same in both the groups. For other systems including SF-36 and knee society score the results did not seem to vary to a great extent statistically.

Conclusion: To conclude the present study found almost similar results for Cruciate ligament retaining
and substituting procedures in long term follow up at 3 months, with slightly better outcomes for Cruciate
ligament retaining groups at the earliest phases pre operatively and post operatively.

Key


Flood is one of the most destructive natural disasters causing a great damage to natural resources. Changing the land uses, converting the urban lands and rising the impregnability of surfaces have changed the hydrological regime of urban watersheds in such a way that most of the rainfall turns into the runoff. This research seeks to use Santa Barbara urban hydrography in the environment of Storm water Management and Design Aid (SMADA) to study the effects of land use changes and the impermeable surfaces' arise in the flooding possibility of municipal watershed Zarrin Shahr in Isfahan province in Iran. To analyze the achievement data, the required maps of the area were first prepared by Arc-GIS software. Then, the preparation process of annual and maximally 24-hour rainfall data was undertaken by the help of the synoptic situation of Zarrin Shahr. All the parameters required for the above mentioned model such as concentration time, design rain and curve number (CN) were studied and determined. Then, the hydrographic simulation of the flood was done in the environment of SMADA. Two stations, namely Pol Kalleh in the west and Lenj in the east of the watershed were studied. As the results indicate, changing the green urban environment in the residential areas causes a considerable increase in maximum floodwater discharge. The impacts of this land use change are greater on the flooding possibility of the area studied in low return periods.


In this paper, we study the possibility of applying the smart antenna technology to repeater design. The difficulties of using an array antenna in a repeater have to do with the coherence of the desired signal and the interfering signal as well as the sensitivity to the array calibration. To cope with the difficulties, we propose a robust beamforming algorithm which uses a interference projection matrix in Generalized Sidelobe Canceller (GSC). The matrix is designed to prevent the desired signal cancellation caused by array error. To verify the algorithm, we use the data generated by computer simulation and the field data measured through a custom-built W-CDMA test-bed.


The delegation of broad discretionary powers from the legislature to administrative agencies is a subject that starts the adrenaline flowing. This is especially true for many who write about public administration and the Constitution. The intense physical reaction is precipitated, in part, by the passionate debate regarding the legitimacy of the administrative state (see for example, Spicer and Terry, 1993; Lowi, 1993; Rohr, 1993; Warren, 1993). Anti-delegation theorists argue that the transfer of broad legislative authority to administrative agencies has resulted in the abuse of the American people (Schoenbrod, 1993); caused several "Political derangements" (Lowi, 1987); enabled legislators to avoid making tough policy decisions, thus shirking their constitutional responsibilities (Ely, 1980); and has contributed to a reduction in public welfare (Aranson, Gellhorn, and Robinson, 1982). In a counter attack, pro-delegation theorists, most notably Jerry Mashaw (1985), argue that the literature does not support the normative claims or predictions made by the "anti-delegation fraternity." According to Mashaw, this "truly heroic theorizing" is based upon numerous unproven behavioral hypotheses" (p. 88). Mashaw and other pro-delegation scholars assert that, despite the objections of anti-delegation theorists, broad delegation is a necessity for any form of representative government.(1) Central to the delegation debate are questions relating to statutory interpretation. These questions focus on two analytically distinct, yet interrelated areas of concern. The first pertains to the characteristics of an agency's statute(s) and the extent to which such characteristics impermissibly increase the discretionary authority and power of career civil servants. It is generally presumed that the characteristics of a statute have a significant influence on the amount of discretionary authority and power exercised by administrative officials. Theoretically speaking, broad, vague, and ambiguous statutes increase the discretionary authority and power of administrative officials because these characteristics allow, among other things, greater latitude and autonomy in the realm of statutory interpretation.(2) The second area of concern relates to the actual exercise of discretionary authority and power by administrative officials in the interpretation of statutes and the policy choices made as a result of such interpretations. Stated somewhat differently, it is the type of policy choices made by administrative officials in the translation of statutory mandates into concrete action (i.e., rules, programs, and policies) that is the focus of attention. Because statutory interpretation is "unavoidably an act of creating meaning", (Diver, 1985; 582), scholars have engaged in lengthy conversations about who (i.e., judges, elected political officials, or career administrators) has the ultimate authority to determine the exact meaning of a statute. This issue is front and center in discussion concerning the so-called "judicial deference" doctrine, which encourages the courts to defer to an agency's interpretation of a statute when it has primary responsibility for administering the statute. The judicial deference doctrine is based on the argument that if an agency's statute is silent or ambiguous with respect to a specific issue and, if the legislative intent or history is unclear, the agencys interpretation, not the court's, should be given controlling weight, if it is reasonable. Underpinning this argument is the assumption that agency officials are in a better position to understand the intricacies of statutory provisions because of their specialized-knowledge, expertise, and experience (Pierce, 1988; Starr, 1986; Diver, 1985). The nature, scope, and complexity of the issues noted above indicate the importance that statutory interpretation has in the American political system. Despite its importance, public organization theorists have not expressed much interest in examining statutory interpretation from the perspective of public administrators. …


64% in the F4 generation. The percentage of the mosquitoes with 100% filaria encapsulation rate increased during this selection. The offspring of the F4 generation were then reared together and maintained as a separate colony. The filaria encapsulation rate was checked at the F7 and Fi3 generations and it was found that the filaria encapsulation rate was maintained at about 2.5 times that in the parent generation. However, the percentage of mosquitoes with 100% filaria encapsulation rate decreased after the F4 generation when selection was stopped, although only a small number of mosquitoes were available for dissection for comparison between generations and the differences between generations are not significant. The results of the selection study showed that the filaria encapsulation rate could be enhanced by selecting the offspring of female mosquitoes that show d a higher incidence of encapsulation ofmicrofilariae and developing filarial larvae following ingestion of the microfilariae with the blood meal. Mosquitoes with 100% filaria encapsulation rate also can be obtained by selective breeding i An. quadrimaculatus. However, the attempt to pro uce a completely refractory strain of this species to Brugia pahangi infection was not successful. The encapsulation of microfilariae in the haemocoel has been shown to combine


The acidification process is an important operation to stabilize canned vegetables. Many variables (temperature, time, etc.) can influence the final results. Two different treatments were compared to evaluate their acidification capacity: a) blanching in an acidified solution and b) addition of acids to blanched and homogenized asparagus. The effect of the combination of acids on the pH of the products was studied by Central Composite Design. In both treatments, lactic acid was more effective in lowering the pH than citric acid and gluconic-8-lactone (GDL). Good results were obtained by applying method b) to pasteurized products, because hydrolysis of GDL was favoured.


In this paper we present some new results in the framework of multifractal performance analysis including both the characterization and modeling of multifractal network traffic, and also the multifractal queueing performance analysis. We first propose a new multifractal traffic model for network traffic based on the combination of a multiplicative cascade with an independent lognormal process. This traffic model is able to provide a very accurate fit to the multifractal characteristics of datatraffic including both the scaling function and the moment factor, but it is also simple enough from a practical point of view having only three parameters. In addition, the model features many important properties observed in datatraffic including long-range dependence (LRD), multifractality and lognormality. We also present an approximation for the queue tail asymptotics in an infinite capacity single server queue serviced at a constant rate driven by a general multifractal input process. We show that in the special and important case of the monofractal fractional Brownian motion (fBm) input traffic our result gives the well-known Weibullian tail. We prove that the class of Gaussian processes with scaling properties is in the class of monofractal processes and we derive the related characterization functions. Applying the approximation we provide a new practical method for queueing performance estimation of general multifractal traffic. Finally, we present a practical case study to show the practical application of our framework for measured data traffic and also to validate both our multifractal model and our queueing results. Copyright © 2004 AEI


Objective: Osteopontin (OPN) expression increases in the heart during hypertrophy and heart failure and in the aorta during atherosclerosis. OPN KO mice were reported to have a reduced hypertrophic response after trans-aortic constriction (TAC), and a reduced plaque burden on an APOE-/- background. We hypothesized that an RNA aptamer targeting OPN protein would effectively modulate the responses to TAC and atherogenesis. Method and Results: C57BL6 male mice were subjected to sham or TAC surgeries. TAC mice were injected starting day1 with OPN RNA aptamer or mutant OPN aptamer. At 4wks, OPN aptamer treatment increased %EF (25%) relative to mut control (n=13, p Conclusion: OPN RNA aptamer protected against and reversed cardiac dysfunction in a mouse TAC model of cardiac hypertrophy, and increased serum HDL in WT and APOE-/- mice. The cardioprotective effect of the OPN aptamer, together with the efficient uptake by cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts make it a promising therapeutic molecule and a potential platform for targeted RNA delivery into the heart.


Photoaged and Photodamaged Skin What are Skin Peels? Reversal of Photodamage with Chemical Non-Peel Techniques Basic Concepts in Skin Peeling Patient Information Jessners Peels Glycolic Acid Peels Salicylic Acid Peels (Nonfacial) Trichloracetic Acid Peels Complications Patient Selection Appendix: Availability of Products Bibliography Index


We study the sample complexity of identifying the pure strategy Nash equilibrium (PSNE) in a two-player zero-sum matrix game with noise. Formally, we are given a stochastic model where any learner can sample an entry $(i,j)$ of the input matrix $A\in[-1,1]^{n\times m}$ and observe $A_{i,j}+\eta$ where $\eta$ is a zero-mean 1-sub-Gaussian noise. The aim of the learner is to identify the PSNE of $A$, whenever it exists, with high probability while taking as few samples as possible. Zhou et al. (2017) presents an instance-dependent sample complexity lower bound that depends only on the entries in the row and column in which the PSNE lies. We design a near-optimal algorithm whose sample complexity matches the lower bound, up to log factors. The problem of identifying the PSNE also generalizes the problem of pure exploration in stochastic multi-armed bandits and dueling bandits, and our result matches the optimal bounds, up to log factors, in both the settings.


1. A unitary operator. In our first theorem, we represent M unitarily as the sum of the spaces L(d = By our unitary operator VB ' L {d(TB)—>{BH)is given by


On the basis of the results of wide-angle and subvertical seismic reflection sounding and related geological data, the authors studied the crustal structure and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic zone in the Dabie orogenic belt. The study indicates that the crust under the Dabie orogenic belt has the features of the layer-block structure. According to the characteristics of the Poisson's ratio structure of the crust ,7,5 and 4 elastic blocks are distinguished separately in the upper, middle and lower crust from south to north along the Anyi-Zhuangmu profle. The principal suture zone between the Yangtze and North China blocks is an UHP metamorphic belt, the present boundary between the Yangtze block and the Dabie orogenic belt is the Taihu Lake-Mamiao fault which intersects with the Tanlu fault, and the Mozitan-Xiaotian fault is the northern boundary of the Dabie orogenic belt. The North Huaiyang tectonic belt plunges as a wedge downward into the upper and middle crust and its boundary with the North China block is the Feizhong fault. The Tanlu fault is subvertical in the middle and upper crust and dips to the west in the lower crust. The UHP metamophic belt is about 5 - 7 km thick and plunges toward the north beneath the northern Dabie block. The process of exhumation was tectonic emplacement rather than homogenous uplift. The main kinematic surface might be the Shuihou -Wuhe high-temperature shear zone.


The article improved conceptual - categorical field theory, public administration and local government, through identification of the content of the initial concepts disclosed with regard to the density of interaction categories with the basic provisions of the theory of administrative law and structural information of the reliability theory of systems. Noted that the introduction of the legal Institute of administrative services has had a positive impact on improving and enhancing management efficiency.


The sulfide‐type solid electrolyte (SSE) is considered a promising candidate for solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) owing to its advantages of superior ionic conductivity. Nevertheless, the incompatibility of the sulfide and lithium metal can result in undesirable interface resistance and rapid Li dendrite growth, which seriously hinders its commercial applications. Herein, inspired by the moderation and long duration of sustained release drug carriers when combined with active pharmaceutical ingredients in the biomedical field, poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC) and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) gradually interact with a Li anode with constantly decreased Li/SSE interfacial resistance. In addition to intimate contact, the ultrastable LiF‐enriched solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is in situ formed via a sustained release effect, which suppresses the Li dendrite effectively. As a result, the symmetric cells demonstrate stable cycling performance for 1200 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 and 300 h at 0.5 mA cm−2. Moreover, LiFePO4/ Li6PS5Cl /Li SSLMB delivers a high discharge capacity of over 132.8 mAh g−1 for 900 cycles at 1C with steady Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, this sustained release mechanism and its initially successful application in interfacial modification increase the potential for commercial applications of SSLMBs.


This paper dwells upon the issues of conceptual and term modeling of risk management domain. The study is based on the Russian and English languages. It briefly outlines the outstanding works on term composition within cognitive linguistics, reviewing the approaches of Russian and foreign scientists: "Metaphors We live by" by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson; conceptual blending theory by G. Fauconnier and M. Turner; similar ideas of linguistic units' composition of R.W. Langacker and E.S. Kubryakova et al. In this article the author attempts to model a classification scheme of "Risk Management" concepts, which will represent the hierarchical levels and inter-concept relations among concepts. The analysis of the definitions of the terms indicates a variety of logical and ontological relations (generic relations, partitive relations; compatibility relations; incompatibility relations; coordination, etc.) in conceptual structure of metalanguage, which is a complex formation itself.


With the rapid development of the new round of electric power system reform, we are faced with the double opportunities of rapid development of renewable energy production and the construction of electric power market. The traditional renewable energy consumption pattern can no longer meet the new development situation. It is an inevitable trend for renewable energy to participate in power market transactions. Real-time market prices of the spot electricity market is unstable, and medium and long-term trading will play a key role in stabilizing market prices. Based on the analysis of China's existing medium and long-term with load curve trading schemes, this paper points out the key problems of renewable energy trading with load curve. According to the characteristics of Xinjiang power grid, a new trading model of renewable energy with load curve is proposed, which is suitable for Xinjiang. This method is expected to provide decision-making reference for the follow-up construction of power spot market and ancillary service market.


....................................................................................................................................................... ii Lay summary................................................................................................................................................ iii Preface ......................................................................................................................................................... iv Table of contents .......................................................................................................................................... v List of tables............................................................................................................................................... viii List of figures ............................................................................................................................................... ix List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature ...................................................................................xiii Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................... xviii


The autologous cellular immunotherapy sipuleucel-T (Provenge) can be safely given prior to radical prostatectomy, and in the neoadjuvant setting, the vaccine exerts a favorable effect on immune cells in prostate cancer tissue, specifically at the interface between the benign and malignant glands.


Motion is an essential area of social communication that has the potential to enable robots and people to collaborate naturally, develop rapport, and seamlessly share environments. The Laban Effort System is a well-known methodology from dance and acting training that has been in active use teaching performers to overlay sequences of motion with expressivity for over fifty years. We present our methodology to layer expression on robot base motions, using the same set of joints for both procedural task completion and expressive communications, followed by early results on the legibility of our Effort implementations and how their settings affect robot projections of state.


The Cis-Kopetdag foreland downwarp is a linear synclinal structure of transitional type between the Bakhardok flank of the epi-Hercynian Turan platform and the Alpine folds of Kopetdag. In recent years a large amount of exploration has been accomplished here including parametric and wildcat drilling and seismic surveying. The present paper gives new data on the geology of the Ashkhabad and Kaakhkin depressions and the Aksuy projection; these are favorable for oil and gas. The downwarp on the Mesozoic sediments is 400 km long and ranges from 50 km wide on the northwest to 90 km on the southeast. The two borders differ from one another: the outer, north, platform border is gentle, and the inner, south, geosynclinal is steep. See Fig. The outer border of the Cis-Kopetdag downwarp is a gentle monocline with angles of dip up to 3° in the Lower and This passes up-dip into the the Bakhardok At the is the flexure-fault the this of the


Stabilizing the gain of a radio astronomy receiver is of great importance for sensitive radio intensity mapping. In this paper we discuss a stabilization method using a continuous-wave reference signal injected into the signal chain and tracked in a single channel of the spectrometer to correct for the gain variations of the receiver. This method depends on the fact that gain fluctuations of the receiver are strongly correlated across the frequency band, which we can show is the case for our experimental set-up. This method is especially suited for receivers with a digital back-end with high spectral resolution and moderate dynamic range. The sensitivity of the receiver is unaltered except for one lost frequency channel. We present experimental results using a new 4–8.5 GHz receiver with a digital back-end that shows substantial reduction of the 1/f noise and the 1/f knee frequency.


Propagation of laser pulses in a plasma waveguide has been proposed as an effective means of extending the interaction length with an under dense plasma.Fundamental principles of plasma waveguide is discussed,and then the matched spot size is calculated from Maxwell's equations.Recent progress on the laser pulses plasma waveguide and their applications is presented.A new scheme of plasma waveguide using high energy CO2 laser pulse induced low-pressure gas breakdown,which overcomes the shortcomings of capillary gas discharge plasma waveguide and solid laser induced plasma waveguide,is suggested.The plasma waveguide should thus provide guiding for smaller spot sizes over longer interaction time.A time synchronization requirement between high intensity laser beams and plasma waveguide should also be reduced.


In order to considerably reduce the ambiguity rate, we propose in this article a disambiguation approach that is based on the selection of the right diacritics at different analysis levels. This hybrid approach combines a linguistic approach with a multi-criteria decision one and could be considered as an alternative choice to solve the morpho-lexical ambiguity problem regardless of the diacritics rate of the processed text. As to its evaluation, we tried the disambiguation on the online Alkhalil morphological analyzer (the proposed approach can be used on any morphological analyzer of the Arabic language) and obtained encouraging results with an F-measure of more than 80%.


According to Bell Lab's finding, a large percentage of passwords chosen by users were easy to decode in a short period of time. As users realize the importance of security and privacy, there is a rapid increment of higher security demand in authentication systems. In this work, a gesture authentication system built with a robust watermark algorithm is presented. This biometric authentication system is divided into two modules, which are watermark embedding module and watermark detection module. For watermark embedding module, the first level of DWT is applied to the host image. Hand gesture image (watermark) is embedded into a host image using LSB and the redundant embedding method. For watermark detection module, the watermarked image will be processed and the majority voting method is used to retrieve the watermark from watermarked image. Non-blind watermarking is emphasized in watermark detection module. Various tests have been evaluated in both modules. Firstly, the effectiveness and fidelity tests are evaluated for watermark embedding module and both results are pass. Secondly, all the detection effectiveness test (pass) and robustness test using JPEG Compression (98.34%), Gaussian Noise (98.34%), Median Filtering (85.48%) and Contrast Adjustment (98.34%) have satisfying results. As conclusion, this algorithm is suitable to be applied in any type of image authentication system.


A field study was conducted to determine nitrogen (N) mineralization from broiler litter (BL) in two Coastal Plain soils of differing texture, sandy (Tifton loamy sand) or clayey (Greenville sandy clay loam). These soils represented the broad range in surface textures commonly found in soils used for agricultural production in the southeastern Coastal Plain. Published protocols used for the study were designed by the ARS mineralization team. In addition to measuring ammonium (NH4-N) and nitrate (NO3-N) in the soil as a measure of N mineralization, both total C and total N were measured to determine the impact of a single BL amendment on C sequestration and N accumulation. Amounts of N in the soil from BL mineralization over 70 days were identical for both soils, 46.4 mg N kg-1 soil (0.046%), but differences occurred in timing of the mineralization processes. In the sandy Tifton soil, depletion of NH4-N and nitrification of the NH4-N to NO3-N occurred simultaneously. The NH4-N from the BL was depleted in 21 days while peak NO3-N concentrations in the soil were found at 28 days. In the clayey Greenville soil, NH4-N concentrations from BL mineralization increased for 21 days and then decreased until reaching background levels by 70 days. Nitrate concentrations never did increase in the BL amended Greenville soil, indicating both that the nitrification rate was much slower than the ammonification rate, and most likely, that what NO3-N was produced was lost from the soil by denitrification under wet conditions. The combination of soil textural and microclimate differences along with greater protection of the BL residues in the clayey soil than in the sandy soil are believed responsible for the observed N mineralization differences between the two soils. Previous research has shown that N mineralization rate is positively correlated with sand content and negatively correlated with clay content of soils, and the results of this study concurred with those findings. Measurements of total C and total N in both Coastal Plain soils showed that overall increases were small with a single BL amendment, and it was concluded that long-term studies are needed to investigate C sequestration and N accumulation. It was concluded from the study that there is a high probability that BL mineralization rates will be significantly slower on the more clayey Coastal Plain soils than on very sandy ones, and that farm managers should take these rates into consideration when planning timing and amounts of BL applications.


In this paper, a novel method of identification the fractal scaleless band of timeseries is proposed based on the study on the correlative dimension of fractal construction and the theory of reconstructing phase space. The result of theory analysis and application shows that the method can be realized by using a computer and with the method the fractal scaleless band of timeseries can be identified according to the parameters given. When the fractal scaleless band identified is narrow, the method is efficacious, objective and precise in identifying the fractal scaleless band of timeseries.


AbstractMagnetic hydroxypropyl chitosan/graphene oxide (MHCGO) composites have been synthesized and employed as adsorbent for removal of lead ions from aqueous solution. X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and scanning electron microscope showed that the MHCGO composites were fabricated successfully. The effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time on the adsorption of lead ions have been discussed, and the optimal adsorption conditions have been acquired. The results indicated that the adsorption of lead ions on MHCGO was dependent on pH with the optimum pH nearly 5.5. The adsorption process was fairly quick and the time to reach adsorption equilibrium is 100 min. The adsorption kinetics could be described by the pseudo-second-order model very well. Adsorption data fitted well with Freundlich model. The effect of temperature on lead ions adsorption was studied and was shown to be spontaneous.


A new approach for eddy covariance flux mea- surements is developed and applied for trace gas fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer. In disjunct eddy covariance technique, quick samples with a relatively long time interval between them are taken instead of continuously sampling air. This subset of the time series together with vertical wind velocity data at corresponding sampling times can be correlated to give a flux. The disjunct eddy sampling gives more time to analyze the trace gas concentrations and thus makes eddy covariance measurements possible using slower sensors. In this study a proton-transfer-reaction mass spec- trometer with response time of about i second was used with a disjunct eddy sampler to measure fluxes of volatile organic compounds from an alfalfa field. The measured day- time maximum methanol fluxes ranged from i mg m -2 h - from uncut alfalfa to 8 mg m -2 h - from freshly cut alfalfa. In this paper a new measurement system for trace gas fluxes applying the disjunct eddy covariance method (DEC) is described. The analysis of grab-samples was done us- ing proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) (Lindinger et al., 1998). The method is demonstrated by field measurement of methanol fluxes above an alfalfa field before and immediately after the harvest. Methods


Dioicous, male and female plants similar (Fig. 1). Plants medium-sized, irregularly pinnately or irregularly and sometimes sparsely branched, green or brownish green, not or very weakly glossy when dry. Stem leaves inserted in three distinct or sometimes indistinct rows, when moist slightly to moderately strongly falcato-secund, when dry slightly twisted, otherwise little changed, lanceolate, somewhat keeled (± V-shaped in transverse section), gradually narrowed to very long, ,narrowly acuminate apex, 3.26-6.12 mm long and 0.26-0.63 mm wide, upper 26-46% of leaf consisting entirely of the excurrent nerve, neither plicate nor transversely undulate; nerve single, longexcurrent, 42.0-77.5 Jlm wide near insertion, in transverse section plano-convex, 4-6stratose, cells ± homogeneous, surface cells on both adaxial and abaxial sides linear, similar to adjoining lamina cells, lateral sides of nerve near apex denticulate or usually coarsely denticulate or dentate; margin of lamina and lower part of excurrent nerve very weakly and obtusely denticulate to ± entire, plane, marginal 1-3(-4) cell rows of leaf lamina frequently bistratose, but otherwise not differentiated from other lamina cells; median lamina cells 48.3-252.0 x 5.0-8.8 Jlm, linear and slightly flexuose, with tapering or longly tapering ends, thin-walled or slightly incrassate, eporose, smooth; basal lamina cells shorter and slightly wider than mid-leaf cells, slightly to strongly incrassate, eporose or slightly porose; alar cells not different from other basal cells; in the ontogeny of the leaf lamina the basal cells are the last leaf cells to differentiate, and all basal cells differentiate ± simultaneously; shortly and narrowly decurrent; apical lamina cells linear, but usually somewhat shorter than mid-leaf cells, slightly incrassate, eporose. Branch leaves similar to stem leaves but slightly smaller, proximal branch leaves ovate and acute or shortly acuminate. Protonema often found on old leaves, especially on the nerve or sometimes on leaf margin, more rarely on other leaf portions, consisting of uniseriate, mostly unbranched threads of rectangular or shortly rectangular and slightly incrassate cells. Pseudoparaphyllia foliose, broadly ovate or broader than wide, with obtuse or rounded apex. Paraphyllia absent. Rhizoids inserted below leaf insertions, often on the branches, red-brown, not or hardly branched, smooth. Axillary hairs 2-3 in each axil, strictly axillary, with 2-4 upper cells, 7.8-10.5 Jlm wide, hyaline, and basal cells 1-2, rectangular to shortly linear, pale brown. Stem without central strand, cortex (including epidermis) of 3-4 layers of small and incrassate cells, basic tissue of large, thin-walled o~ slightly incrassate cells, no hyalodermis, flattened or slightly flattened. Perigonia lateral on stems and branches, perigonial leaves ovate, suddenly narrowed to obtuse,


There are so many wonderful nursery rhymes out there that it seems a shame to only concentrate on just a handful of well-known ones. It really does pay to seek out these nonsensical, imaginative verses.


As a result of reaction with the solution, the composition of the surface layer of the ceramic is altered. Microscopic and x-ray analysis of the specimens, directly after processing in the solution, and also after the final firing, showed that the surface layer (up to 0.6-1 m) contains compounds of elements introduced from the solution, and under these conditions a large part of the compound is concentrated in the layer of depth 0.02 ram.


Cytological and morphological study of subterranean clovers in Israel has shown that the previously reported 2n = 12 Israeli "chromosomal race" or "cryptic species" is actually morphologically quite distinct from 2n = 16 Trifolium subterraneum L. Both on morphological and genetical grounds the "Israeli race", with chromosome number 2n = 12, should be regarded as a distinct species. It is described in the present paper as a new species, Trifolium israeliticum. The paper includes data on the distribution of the two subterranean clovers in Israel.


Sanitary landfills and sewage treatment plants are primarily responsible for the production of biogas, which can cause serious environmental problems when emitted uncontrollably. One of the most promising forms of exploitation of the biogas is the production of electric, thermal or mechanical energy. In this study, simulations were performed through the simulator Aspen HYSYS v8.8 software to evaluate the economic and energy impact of the biogas purification process in a CHP (Combined Heat and Power) plant. The performance of the comparative study considered two energy production plants, one linked to the purification process and the other performing the direct burning of biogas for the production of electricity. The costs for the purification and non-purification process were US $ 17,600,000.00 and US $ 13,950,000.00 , respectively. The minimum selling price (MSP) was estimated at 6.59 (US$/KWh) for the purification process and 0.52 (US$/KWh) for the process without purification. The amount of surplus electricity after meeting the energy demands of the Laboreaux effluent treatment plant (ETE) was also evaluated.


Infiltration and evaporation are key components of the Earth hydrological cycle that depend on soil properties and climatic conditions. Here we show that, for both infiltration and evaporation, the water flow rate is a unique function of the cumulative flow in the soil. Hence, for a given soil, infiltration and evaporation curves corresponding to different wetting and drying rates are represented by one curve characterizing the capacity of the system for the relevant process. This insight reveals a natural and powerful property that shapes water interactions between soil and atmosphere. A quantitative expression of the evaporation capacity curve is proposed. A dimensionless representation of this model offers a simple tool to predict evaporation under natural soil and climatic conditions that vary in space and time. The infiltration and evaporation capacity models can be easily embedded in Earth System Models to estimate the hydrological response at various spatial and temporal scales.


It is known that a knot/link can be nullified, i.e. can be made into the trivial knot/link, by smoothing some crossings in a projection diagram of the knot/link. The minimum number of such crossings to be smoothed in order to nullify the knot/link is called the nullification number. In this paper we investigate the nullification numbers of a particular knot family, namely the family of torus knots and links.


Internet Image search is a day to day activity performed by user. User enters a keyword in search engines like Google, Yahoo, Bing etc for retrieval of keyword related images, where millions of images are retrieved through search engines. The problem with a keyword search is that keywords entered by user are very short and ambiguous, hence images which are retrieved are of different categories and some of them are irrelevant. Visual information is used in order to solve the ambiguity in text based image retrieval. User only has to click on one query image. The query image is categorized based on textual features like image title, image URL, context, where a metadata corresponding to every image is extracted and also some visual features like histogram distance computation, SIFT, region based features are extracted. The query image selected by the user is first classified into a particular category and the images related to the query image are then retrieved by matching the class of query image and the class of other images. Using image clustering, classified images are clustered to group highly relevant images into one cluster and the keywords corresponding to the image clusters are extracted. The original keyword is extended by appending the extracted keyword with highest frequency. This gives more detail idea about user's search intention. The images are then re-ranked using visual and textual similarity metrics. Duplicate images which are retrieved in search results are detected and eliminated by using SURF(Speeded Up Robust Feature) technique. The system is tested on variety of categories like person, scenery images at semantic level and other general categories like general objects, objects with simple background etc. The system is totally web based and works dynamically on any keyword given as a input by user.


This paper presents a low-complexity lossless screen content coding method on top of a well structured dictionary based solution DictSCC. Both methods are implemented on the emerging High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Range Extensions (RExt) to demonstrate the coding efficiency. Compared with the DictSCC our scheme further explores the 2D correlation between neighboring image blocks for performance improvement, and reduces the complexity significantly by constraining the dictionary buffer which will be more favored by the hardware implementation. Results demonstrate averaged 17%, 10% and 8% bit rate reduction over HEVC for screen content compression with respect to All Intra, Random Access and Low-Delay encoder configurations.


Three component condensation of aldehydes or ketones with amines and diethylphosphite in high yields and short reaction times affords the biologically important target compounds.


Carbon dioxide (CO2) is encountered in many sedimentary basins around the world in a variety of geological environments (e.g. Southeast Asia, Italy, Eastern Australia). Data on CO2 occurrences almost invariably come from petroleum exploration activities and are limited by operational and commercial constraints. Where CO2 is abundant it is effectively a natural 'pollutant' which reduces the worth of the hydrocarbon gas present by diluting it and increasing production costs. However large volumes of CO2 are rare with the probability of there being >1% CO2 being less than 1


Wool scouring effluent from alkaline scouring process is the most difficult to be treated due to its high static repulsion and COD.Many methods were applied into treating woolscouring effluent, including flotation,flocculation,membrane filtration and biological treatment.Among these,flocculation was widely studied and applied.Most of the treatments that combined with other methods were to destroy the stability to realize the solid-liquid separation and removal of organic substances.


The design of discrete time differentiating filters, in the presence of colored noise and nonneglectable transducer dynamics, is investigated. The signal and noise are described by autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models, possibly with poles on mod z mod =1. The mean square error (MSE) optimal filter, based on a discrete time approximation of the derivative operator, is given by a spectral factorization and a linear polynomial equation. >


This study evaluated the effect of two different commercial equine corionic gonadotropin (eCG) on ovarian follicular growth, dominant follicle diameter (OFD) and pregnancy rate of Nelore cows (Bos indicus, n = 943) with 30-50d postpartum and synchronized to timed artificial insemination (TAI). The study was conducted at Vera Cruz IV Farm, Barra do Garcas - MT. At the beginning of the treatment (D0), cows received an intravaginal device with 1g progesterone (Cronipres®, Biogenesis Bago, Brazil) and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate i.m. (Bioestrogen®, Biogenesis Bago). On D8, the devices was removed and were administrated i.m. 150μg of D-cloprostenol (Croniben®, Biogenesis Bago) i.m and 1 mg of estradiol cypionate (Croni-Cip®, Biogenesis-Bago). At that time, cows were homogeneously allocated (according to body weight, BCS and OFD on D8) to one of three experimental groups: Control (without eCG), Novormon (MSD Animal Health, Brazil, 300IU i.m.) or Ecegon (Biogenesis-Bago, 300IU i.m.). The TAI was performed 54h after device removal. Ultrasound examinations were performed on D0 to verify uterine regression, on D8 and D10 to evaluate the OFD (mm; n = 529), and on D40 for pregnancy diagnosis (n = 943). The daily follicular growth rate (mm/d) was calculated by the difference between the OFD on D8 and D10 divided by two. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX from SAS. Cows average BCS was 2.80 ± 0.02. The OFD on D8 was similar (P = 0.92) between control (11.3 ± 0.2; n = 178), Novormon (11.1 ± 0.2; n = 174) and Ecegon (11.3 ± 0.2; n = 177), demonstrating the homogeneity between groups immediately before the treatment. However, cows treated with Novormon (13.4 ± 0.2a ; n = 174) or Ecegon (13.5 ± 0.2a ; n = 177) had higher OFD in D10 than control cows (12.8 ± 0.2b ; n = 178; P = 0.001). Besides, the total (from D8 and D10) and daily follicular growth rates were higher in groups Novormon (2.4 ± 0.1a and 1.2 ± 0.05a; n = 174) and Ecegon (2.3 ± 0.1a mm and 1.2 ± 0.05a; n = 177) compared to control group (1.6 ± 0.1b and 0.8 ± 0.04b ; n = 178; P = 0.001), respectively. Similarly, pregnancy rate 35d after TAI was greater (P = 0.03) in cows treated with Novormon (52.1%; 160/307) and Ecegon (52.8%; 181/343) in relation to control cows not treated with eCG (43.3%; 127/293). Therefore, the efficacy of eCG to increase ovarian follicular growth and the size of the dominant follicle in TAI protocols was demonstrated, and it has enabled the increase of pregnancy rate in postpartum Nelore cows. Also, both commercial eCG tested (Novormon® and Ecegon®) were equally efficient.


This paper presents considerations on altruism and prosocial behaviour formulated on the basis of some experiments with the ultimatum game. In the first part it will discuss relations between expected utility theories, the characteristics of homo oeconomicus and a modern understanding of altruism. It will focus in particular on conceptual differences, indicating that we can find more than one definition of altruism in modern literature. The second part of the text will provide an overview of selected behavioural theories of prosocial behaviour. It will also present the manner in which needs, social determinants, norms, and individual psychological features affect the propensity to behave in a prosocial fashion.


Fast-growing tree species are being considered as an alternative source of timber to augment the supply in southern Asian countries. Eucalyptus is one of the most promising genus because its fast-growing characteristics and hybridization among species can produce superior characteristics valuable to both the pulp and timber industries. To evaluate the possibility of using it for timber, growth characteristics and wood properties were investigated for three nine-year-old Eucalyptus species (E. urophylla, E. grandis, and E. pellita) planted for pulpwood in Indonesia. E. pellita showed superior growth characteristics and wood properties compared to the other two species. No negative correlation coefficients were observed between growth characteristics and wood properties in any of the species, indicating that improvement of wood properties might not reduce the growth characteristics. The hybrids from E. pellita and E. urophylla might produce a next generation with better growth characteristics, resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to low soil fertility, and relatively good wood properties. In addition, based on the obtained results, hybridization between E. grandis and E. urophylla or E. pellita might improve the relatively low wood properties of E. grandis.


Background: The effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) surgery on the levels of patients' hunger and appetite across the day and relation to weight loss achieved were examined. Methods: Visual analog scale (VAS) hunger and appetite ratings were digitally collected from 10 female participants across a day during in-lab sessions 1-2 weeks before and 12 weeks after surgery. Fasting hormone levels were also assessed in 8 participants. Results: Post-surgery ratings were reduced overall despite fasting levels of leptin and ghrelin changing in favor of increased food intake. Notably, the majority of ratings from before breakfast were not different from ratings after dinner, suggesting that VSG induces changes that overcome the homeostatic drive to oppose a hypocaloric diet. Conclusions: These findings highlight the effectiveness of sleeve gastrectomy surgery in curbing food-seeking behavior despite a negative calorie balance.


Improvisation is a practice known experientially ('in the doing'); given this, to what extent can the generation of this experiential knowledge be sought through attending to processes such as writing, 'languaging', and conceptualizing which commence alongside its practice? The work enables reflection on the ways language is used, functions, and constructs meaning within the practice(s) of dance improvisation, drawing support from recent work of Candace Feck to establish language as a contributory feature of dance improvisation practice. This chapter encourages a reluctant field to broaden the possibilities of debate regarding the exchange and 'languaging' of dance improvisational experiences. To cultivate an understanding of improvisation practice as a conversational practice could lead to a greater appreciation of the way language not only consolidates but also exposes the ways concepts and experiences are facilitated into existence through language.


The term 'judicial power' can refer to multiple different concepts. In a proper, ideal sense, it refers to the orderly exercise of judicial office, constrained appropriately by the nature of the judicial role and the range of duties applicable within it. However, 'judicial power' is perhaps more commonly understood to refer precisely to something verging on the opposite of this proper usage. Many speak of 'judicial power' specifically when the issue at hand is the misuse of judicial power, particularly in the sense of the de facto powers of judges being used in an unconstrained manner not in keeping with the nature or traditions of judicial office. The concern is with what is effectively a novel assertion of power rather than a properly ordered exercise of power. Canadian constitutional case law of recent decades — particularly since Canada's 1982 constitutional patriation and adoption of a written bill of rights — has tended to manifest a judicial eschewing of constraints on the power of judges. In this article, I consider this Canadian example and seek to show how certain fundamental choices about judicial methodology in constitutional interpretation have had farther-reaching manifestations in several domains in which private rights are put at risk of alteration by unconstrained public law reasoning and exercises of judicial power. In particular, Canadian judges' strong embrace of a 'living tree' constitutionalism that empowers the judges themselves has set the stage for the interpretation of Canada's Indigenous rights clause pursuant to shifting judicial policy aspirations, the alteration of Canada's freedom of association clause to follow certain judicially preferred international models entrenching significant union rights, and a more general shift away from stare decisis towards unconstrained judicial policy choices. In each instance, I will suggest as well that there have been significant negative effects on private rights, which have come to be a lesser concern for judges thinking principally of public law reasoning. Although this article can detail only a few strands of Canadian constitutionalism, my suggestion is that it reflects more general patterns, and I will argue that Canada's recent constitutional history thus serves as a warning to other states in several ways I draw together in the conclusion. This narrative, to be clear, runs counter to a significant tendency of Canadian legal academics to be much more laudatory of the Supreme Court of Canada than is the case in other jurisdictions, with that tendency arguably part of a broader phenomenon of a relatively unified elite ideology. A challenge to judicial power in Canada runs against the grain of a certain received pattern of elite thought and thus must also end up in a challenge to significant parts of


J-PARC muon g − 2/EDM experiment aims to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment (g − 2) at 0.1 ppm precision and electric dipole moment (μEDM) at 10−21 e · cm sensitivity. We take the different method from previous experiment (BNL E821) to use low emittance muon beam (1.5 π mm mrad). The low emittance beam is the accelerated muon beam from thermal muon 25 meV to high momentum muon beam (300 MeV/c). In this experiment, we can take the other analysis method using spin flipped muon beam. This method suggests to reduce the systematic error caused from detector time responsibility. For the development of the spin rotator(SR), this research study the spin flip and emittance growth in uniform ideal field likeWien-filter type SR.As a result, spin flipped muon beam could be got and that emittance growth would be reduced to 22% in x-x′ plane. From this results, we are designing theWien-filter model by OPERA and plan to construct the actual setup on next JPY.


Primary ciliary dyskinesia has been identifi ed as the underlying cause of bronchiectasis and its accompanying maladies: sinusitis, hearing loss, and infertility in men and women (sperm and oviduct immotility) with Kartagener syndrome. Less well known is that a defi cit in embryonic ciliary motility may result in situs errors and heterotaxy as quantifi ed by Shapiro et al


In order to analyze the interfacial behavior of dental materials, micro-CT imaging has been widely applied in research, since it allows to obtain non-destructive images with high resolution. However, most of the papers analyze the obtained volumes through 2D-sectioning and linear manual measurements. This paper applied a 3D segmentation software to micro-CT dataset in order to achieve a comprehensive analysis of the interface and compare it with conventional measurements. Twenty teeth were prepared, crowned and scanned with micro-CT before and after artificial aging in order to evaluate the marginal gap presence and progression. Conventional linear analysis consisted in four manual linear measurements in sixteen marginal points. On the other hand, 3D segmentation was performed to automatically detect the volume representing discontinuity along the tooth-restoration complex. Results showed no correspondence between obtained results in terms trend when comparing volumetric and linear analyses. Linear measurements allowed a better characterization of the discrepancy in terms of vertical and horizontal extension. On contrary, 3D segmentation workflow was standardized, less time-consuming and it allowed to export the interfacial gap volume for further superimposition after aging. Severe yet localized interfacial failures were detected only by 3D evaluation. Further studies are necessary in order to better evaluate the accuracy of the procedure, which showed promising results.


This article explores several points for development in Bernard Lonergan's (1904–1984) philosophical anthropology. First, it addresses the four basic desires he lists in De Redemptione and seeks to place the unrestricted desire to know in the context of those desires. Secondly, it explores the possibility of an additional intellectualist bias in addition to the four biases that Lonergan explicated. Thirdly, it brings Lonergan's notion of love into dialogue with C.S. Lewis's The Four Loves in order to clarify and fill in some of the gaps in Lonergan's treatment of love.


PURPOSE: To provide a solvent recovery type dryer capable of conducting an efficient drying operation under high temperature having no possibility of flashing explosion. CONSTITUTION: A sensor 2 for detecting the temperature of a circulating air or the concentration of an evaporating solvent contained in the circulating air is arranged in the outlet part of a drum 1, and an intake valve 11 opened and closed by the operation of an actuator is arranged in a position on the lower stream side of a condenser 8 and on the upper stream side of a heater 12. The detection result of the sensor 2 is inputted to a control part 13, and when there is a danger of flashing, the intake valve 11 is opened by the open instruction from the control part 13. A mist collecting filter 10 for collecting fine mist is provided in a circulating air passage 3 on the lower stream side of the condenser 8 to reduce the concentration of the solvent of the circulating air introduced to the drum 1. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Farm equipment being used in Meghalaya are mostly hand tools of traditional type, made of wood and steel. Manufacturing of these tools is concentrated at a few places in the state. One such place (Mylliem near Shillong) was surveyed to study the status of manufacturing of indigenous farm tools from the point of view of structural organisation, production facilities, marketing, etc. Data were analysed for pattern of ownership and workforce, fabrication shop and machinery, products and processes, marketing and finance, etc. Most of the shops (90%) are owned by individuals, the rest are partnerships among family members. The total workforce consists of five to seven labourers, mainly on contract basis and a few from among the family members. Fabrication shops are made of wooden piers with GI sheet roof and clay flooring. The various tools and equipment used for fabrication include ordinary hearth with bellow blower, hammers, anvils, quenching troughs, etc. These are basically the forging workshops where light forging of spade, bill hooks (dao), knives, etc. is done to fabricate them using rejected broken leaf springs and angle iron as raw material and coke as fuel. Implements are sold in the weekly market at nearby Shillong. Capital is mostly raised through self-financing and/or personal borrowings from friends and relatives. Training in modem methods of manufacturing and credit facilities would help them improve product quality and profit.


Summary Evidence obtained from an experiment with rats of the Long-Evans strain suggests that mid-lethal whole body X-irradiation (710 r) may directly reduce tissue ascorbic acid. In rats of the Wistar strain, however, except for the adrenal glands, a higher dose (1000 r) did not result in an immediate reduction in tissue ascorbic acid but rather a tendency to increase was noted. In both strains, the effect of X-irradiation on the adrenal ascorbic acid could be ascribed to activation of the pituitary. In the Wistar strain animals, the changes in the ascorbic acid of the liver and blood could also be explained by this mechanism.


With thq capillary reservoir method, the diffusion coifJicieTlt oj nitrogen in liquid iron were meaSllred at the temperature range jrom 1 550° to 1 680°C by the rieterminatioll oj the the average nitrogen content in iron. The experimental errors arised jrom the experimental /Jrocedures were discussed to obtain the accurate diffusion cotfficient. The concentration profiles oj nitrogen, which diffused in the crucible set under various tempgrature gradients , were clarified, and the most suitable /J osition oj the crucible in the jurnace was decided by the experimental results . The aotivation energy oj the diffusion was also obtained from the relations betw3en the diJJusion cotfficients and the experimental tem/Jeratures.


To approximate a simple root of an equation we construct families of iterative maps of higher order of convergence. These maps are based on model functions which can be written as an inner product. The main family of maps discussed is defined recursively and is called Newtonbarycentric. We illustrate the application of Newton-barycentric maps in two worked examples, one dealing with a typical least squares problem and the other showing how to locate simultaneously a great number of extrema of the Ackley's function. Key-words: Order of convergence, Newton's method, Newton-Taylor map, Newton-barycentric map, least squares, Ackley's function. MSC2010: 49 M15, 65H05, 65H10.


Based on primary theories of information technology,the paper discusses conception and teaching model of teacher college curriculumteaching reform.Point out: with the applying of information technology in college curriculum teaching,to develop the subjective of student and teachers,and to connect classroom teaching with after-class teaching.


Introduction. Closing the discussion on fluid mechanics at the Second School on Hydrophysics in 1986 Academician S.A. Khristianovich reminded problems of setting in operation of the first trans-sound velocity wind tunnel [1]. He noted that the problem of wall-induced disturbances was solved practically by suction of flow but not mathematically. The goal of the talk is to present model of formation of thin disturbances in flows basing on the fundamental fluid mechanics equations. The main feature of the model is description of low flow velocity analogues of shock waves. Shock wave is one of the most important features of high-speed flows. They are distinguished out from other kinds of flows in the conventional fluid mechanics that are jets, wakes, waves and vortices. As physical properties of media (density, temperature, pressure and velocity) change greatly inside relatively narrow and extended domains, these waves affect drag on moving obstacles and impact negatively on the environment. Being a subject of high-speed flows, shock waves are studied experimentally at expensive and energy consuming experimental facilities. Mathematical description of the flow is constitutive and based on combined schemes operating with the Euler equation for the main flow and Navier-Stokes equation in high gradients domains. The fluid is assumed to be barotropic, and density is constant in an undisturbed space. Temperature or concentrations fields are calculated in approximations of "passive admixtures" which do not affect flow structure and dynamics. But the density of real fluids (that are liquids and gases) depends on pressure, temperature, and concentration of dissolved, or suspended matter, and is distributed non-uniformly in the physical space. Fluids in the environment and in laboratory facilities are stably stratified continuously or discretely due to non-uniformity of temperature or concentrations of dissolved or suspended matters. Stratification and general rotation, even very weak, lead to some new phenomena, which do not exist in a homogeneous fluid. Among them there are inertial and internal waves and so-called 'large scale' and 'fine structures' forming by sets of thin high-gradient interfaces. The interfaces exist for rather a long time with respect the specific diffusion time for their transverse length-scales. It is well known that stratification strongly affects flow separation and downstream wake structure. High gradient interfaces produce picturesque patterns of environmental flows and their laboratory models. For better understanding the flow past obstacles and in order to compare observations with theoretical solutions the stratified flows past obstacles of a simple or perfect shapes, such as strips and right circular cylinders have been investigated. Progress in analysis, computing and in laboratory technique gives enough room for scrutiny theoretical study of the flows basing on exact solutions of governing equations or their linearized residuals satisfying to the real boundary conditions. The main goal of the paper is to illustrate results by numerical and schlieren visualizations of all components of continuously stratified flow patterns. Quantitative comparison of stratified flows singular components and shock waves in high-speed flows is given, too. 1. Governing equations. Properties of complete infinitesimal periodic solutions. Individual physical properties of fluids are characterised by empiric equations of state, which expresses the density ( ,, ( ) i )


Two new species, Harposporium angularis and Harposporium cylindrosporum, are described as parasitic on a species of bdelloid rotifer belonging to the genus Adineta. In H. angularis the conidia are long, slender, bent at right angles and taper to an acutely pointed slightly curved apex. Infection is initiated by conidia lodging and germinating in the gullet of the host between the mouth and the mastax. In H. cylindrosporum the conidia are also ingested but apparently pass through the mastax to initiate infection in the lower gut.


The issues of legal culture and legal ideas of the peasantry population of Russia in the process of agrarian colonization of the regions behind the Urals are analyzed in the article. M.K. Churkin, generally accepting the thesis of the predominant role of the regular legal grounds in the mentality of peasants, still believes that the measures taken in the post-reformation period couldnt help influencing legal mentality of the peasants of European Russia. New ideas of law predominance in the social and economical life (mainly in agriculture) were transferred by the Russian settlers in 70th 90th of the 19th century and at the beginning of 20th century to the colonized regions of Siberia. At the same time the legal ideas of the peasants settlers and native residents of Siberia (whose mentality was formed in the condition of state remoteness and land expanse) often differed greatly which caused the land conflicts.


The study aims to determine the Process Guidance and Counseling Islam with bibliotherapy Techniques in Addressing Decadence All imanan A student in Surabaya, as well as the results of Guidance And Counseling Islam with bibliotherapy Techniques in Addressing Decadence All imanan A student in Surabaya. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, whereas the type of case study research. In this research, writer and counselor provides guidance and counseling Islam with measures of counseling that includes the step of problem identification, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and evaluation. Having held counseling, this study considered quite successful. This is consistent with a score of 60% which tegolong in category 60% - 65%. The success of this research can be seen from the reduced indicators of the problem, namely the loss of 6 symptoms of decadence faith than ever that there are 10 symptoms.


The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development (US EPA ORD) has developed a "Municipal Solid Waste Decision Support Tool", or MSW-DST, for local government solid waste managers to use for the life cycle evaluation of integrated solid waste management options. The MSW-DST was developed over a five year period (1994–1999) with the assistance of numerous outside contractors and organizations, including the Research Triangle Institute, North Carolina State University, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the Environmental Research and Education Foundation, Franklin Associates and Roy F. Weston. The MSW-DST can be used to quantify and evaluate the following impacts for each integrated solid waste management alternative: • Energy consumption, • Air emissions, • Water pollutant discharges, • Solid Waste disposal impacts. Recently, the MSW-DST was used by the U.S. EPA to identify solid waste management strategies that would help to meet the goal of the EPA's "Resource Conservation Challenge." In this effort, ten solid waste management strategies were evaluated for a hypothetical, medium-sized U.S. community, with a population of 750,000 and a waste generation rate of approximately 3.5 pounds per person per day. (Table 1). The assumed waste composition was based on national averages. A peer-reviewed paper on this research was published in 2008 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).© 2009 ASME


Strong interactions between weakly nonlinear long waves are studied. Strong interactions occur when the linear long wave phase speeds are nearly equal although the waves belong to different modes. Specifically we study this situation in the context of internal wave modes propagating in a density stratified fluid. The interaction is described by two coupled Korteweg-deVries equations, which possess both dispersive and nonlinear coupling terms. It is shown that the coupled equations possess an exact analytical solution involving the characteristic "sech2" profile of the Korteweg-deVries equation. It is also shown that when the coefficients satisfy some special conditions, the coupled equations possess an n-solition solution analogous to the Korteweg-deVries n-solition solution. In general though the coupled equations are found not to be amenable to solution by the inverse scattering transform technique, and thus a numerical method has been employed in order to find solutions. This method is described in detail in Appendix A. Several numerical solutions of the coupled equations are presented.


A method for low pressure chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride that utilizes thermal ramping during multiple deposition steps is demonstrated in a 300 mm vertical batch reactor. Temperature ramp rates in each heater zone are optimized to deposit silicon nitride films with edge-thin (or dome-shape) thickness profiles across the length of the reactor. This process is compatible with real-time automated tuning schemes commonly used to control thickness across all reactor zones. No significant film degradation or interface formation is detected in silicon nitride films deposited using the multi-deposition technique. This technique is applied to deposit pad silicon nitride with an edge-thin thickness profile, and is incorporated into a planar CMOS shallow trench isolation integration scheme to improve post-CMP oxide step height uniformity.


Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a potent strategy for firms to secure inorganic growth but are also beset with challenges. Pharmaceutical industry has a unique nature due to higher involvement of science in product development and requires firms to develop distinctive and complex capabilities. In this study, the authors undertake a comparative study of different pharmaceutical cases to gather perspectives on M&A practices in Indian and international pharmaceutical industry. Frameworks developed by Bower (2001) and Dyer et al. (2004) are applied to different M&As to understand their applicability and use in Indian and international pharmaceutical contexts. The authors found that Indian firms undertake M&A to reduce R&D investments, to secure strategic resources and to expand product and market reach. Pharmaceutical firms from developed countries mostly acquire firms from developing market for sake of manufacturing knows how and for securing host market.


We consider an innovation game in which the role of each player is well-defined: first an innovator invests, followed by a second firm that can be an imitator or an improver. However, if we introduce legal requirements that followers have to respect (for instance patents), the role are formally reversed; innovators behave like followers since the decision of the second firm is already (partially) fixed. We cross this observation with the fact that firms' investment decisions can be detrimental or beneficial to rivals and partners. For instance, the innovators can be hurt by the imitator's investment, and the imitator may benefit from the innovator's investment, due to spillover effects. In this setting depending on the spillover effects we investigate whether innovators over or under invest when there exist local limitations to imitation and improvement of innovations.


Fuel oil is a matter that can not be separated from human life, with the fuel man can do activity, especially for everyday life. By thinning the oil reserves led researchers to look for other alternative materials for everyday purposes, one example to turn on the lights and other equipment. By using the survey to the community, especially in coastal communities everyday as a fisherman, then with this research we develop a tool that could use solar and wind energy as an alternative energy fuel as a source of electrical energy, using solar cell and turbine wind electricity can be generated by 250 s / d 500 watts, as a source to fill the battery. After generating power, then the device will go into an inverter that converts the DC power into AC which will then be used as a lighting source in the chart remain in Bangka-Belitung Islands-area. By using this equipment we can save fuel by ± 50%.


Plant resources are the important parts of leisure agriculture.In order to collocate the plant resources in leisure agriculture reasonably,five kinds of construction modes were put forward.The characteristics of leisure agriculture with both agricultural production function and leisure function were embodied.


The focus of this research was the academic impact of school suspension on Black male students in an urban high school. Findings for the study were derived from archival data retrieved with permission from the school district that served as the site of the study. The performance of 400 Black male students in the 2015 cohort of eight high schools on the New York State Algebra Regents exam was analyzed to determine whether suspension from school affected achievement as measured by the passing score on an exam which determined successful high school completion and academic success. The implications of these findings for Black males, both socially and economically, as compared to their White and Hispanic counterparts, as well as Black females are discussed. Research suggests that the policies that limit educational opportunities for Black males decrease the probability of their employment prospects, while increasing the need for welfare services, the future rate of incarceration in prisons, and the potential for commitment to psychiatric institutions. The findings from this study could inform understanding of the impact of the policy of school suspension, one of several policies which limit educational opportunities for Black male students. Implications of the study include alternative approaches to addressing student behavior in high schools and adjustment to the delivery of Math curriculum and instruction to ensure it is culturally sensitive to the diverse needs and backgrounds of all students. Document Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Frances G. Wills Second Supervisor Bil Leipold Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd/364 The Academic Impact of Suspension on Black Male Students in an Urban High School


This study is a convergence study attempted to understand the learning effects of oral health education class applying action learning on the communication ability and problem-solving ability in dental hygiene students. The subjects of this study were 37 students in the third year of dental hygiene department. As a result, the learning effects of oral health education class applying action learning on the communication ability(p<0.001) and problem-solving ability(p<0.001) showed positive changes in the pre and post comparison. The changes in the scores of sub-dimensions of the communication ability and problem-solving ability were also significant in the pre and post comparison. As the class applying action learning is effective in improving the learner's communication ability and problem-solving ability, it should be utilized as the leaner participation-oriented teaching method for design and operation of dental hygiene education.


This paper presents a comprehensive discussion and analysis of the various architectures of Convolutional Neural Networks for image classification. This paper intends to implement and analyze the performance of AlexNet, VGG16, VGG19 and ResNet50 as Image Classifiers on the dataset CIFAR10. Accuracy, Loss and Confusion Matrix were used as metrics to analyze the performance.


Flexible and reliable probability density estimation is fundamental in unsupervised learning and classification. Finite Gaussian mixture models are commonly used to serve this purpose. However, they fail to estimate unknown probability density functions when used for nonparametric probability density estimation, as severe numerical difficulties may occur when the number of components increases. In this paper, we propose fully nonparametric density estimation by penalizing the covariance matrices of the mixture components according to the regularized Mahalanobis distance. As a consequence, the singularities in the loglikelihood function are avoided and the quality of the estimation models is significantly improved.


Brenda Deen Schildgen takes a new path in Chaucer studies by examining the "Canterbury Tales" set outside a Christian-dominated world - tales that pit Christian teleological ethics and history against the imagined beliefs and practices of Moslems, Jews, pagans, and Chaucer's contemporaries, the Tartars. Schildgen contends that these tales - for example the Knight's, Squire's and Wife of Bath's - deliberate on the grand rifts between the Christian or pagan past and Chaucer's present and between other cultural worlds and the Latin Christian world. They offer philosophical views about what constitutes "wisdom" and "lawe" while exploring alternative moral atitudes to the Christian mainstream of Chaucer's time. She argues that their presence in the "Canterbury Tales" testifies to Chaucer's literary secularism and reveals his expansive narrative interest in the intellectual and cultural worlds outside Christianity. Making impressive use of mediaeval intellectual history, Schildgen shows that Chaucer framed his tales with the diverse philosophies, religions and ethics that coexisted with Christian ideology in the late Middle Ages, a framework that emerges as political and not metaphysical, putting these beliefs deliberately in the context of literary discourse, where their validity can be accepted or dismissed and, most important, debated.


The utility model relates to a high-efficient high-power light-emitting diode which comprises at least one light-emitting diode chip, wherein the light-emitting diode chip is arranged on a metal base, and a light reflection device and a light transmission medium which forms a certain shape are arranged above the chip. The metal base is provided with at least one screw or at least one screw hole for being connected with a heat radiating device, and an electrode of the chip is led out by the metal base or a leading wire which is insulated to the metal base, so that a high-power high-efficient light emitting diode is manufactured and can be used for illumination lamps, traffic lamps, automotive lamps, aircraft reading lamps, projecting lamps, information display lamps, etc. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the characteristics of high efficiency, high power, long service life, etc.


The national spirit is reflection of the spiritual situation for a nation.It is a spiritual strut of national survival and development.The Chinese nation,in more than 5,000 years historical development process,has gradually formed the spirit with" the patriotism the core,the united and unification,peace-loving,industrious and brave,striving constantly for self-improvement." The university spirit is university's core and soul.It mainly manifests for the spirit of patriotism,the ethical spirit,the spirit of the age,the academic freedom spirit and the innovation spirit.The Chinese nation spirit and the modern university spirit is essentially the historical dialectical unification.To establish modern university spirit should fully embody、 promote and enhance the spirit of the Chinese nation.


New research shows that even young people, who are still undertaking an education, have difficulties with getting school, work, and family and leisure life to form a synthesis. The article reveals that young people's relationship to sport and physical activity in leisure time is related to the young people's experience of time pressure in the everyday life. Based on 12 group interviews with secondary school students (N = 120; taken over four years), the topic of how young people relate to and manage the time pressure between school, work and leisure life is analysed. The analysis establishes a link with the time strategies outlined by Hochschild. The young people's understanding of everyday life and their experiences of the requirements for their involvement in the three spheres of their lives (school, work and leisure time) is creating varied new knowledge on young people's leisure.


This monograph, now in its second revised edition, provides a systematic treatment of topological quantum field theories in three dimensions, inspired by the discovery of the Jones polynomial of knots, the Witten-Chern-Simons field theory, and the theory of quantum groups. The author, one of the leading experts in the subject, gives a rigorous and self-contained exposition of fundamental algebraic and topological concepts that emerged in this theory.


A new donor-acceptor polymer based on 9,9-dioctylfluorene is synthesized and tested in organic photovoltaic devices. Results show that the polymer exhibits good solubility in a range of organic solvents and has a high hole mobility. When blended with a PC70 BM acceptor and fabricated into a bulk heterojunction, photovoltaic devices having a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.2% and a peak external quantum efficiency of 74% are created. Such efficiencies are realized without any necessity for solvent additives or thermal annealing protocols.


With the development of social economy, the number and scale of electric power construction projects are increasing. Their contents are changing from "single" in the past to "diversified" at present. And the contents of project management are constantly being improved and updated. The function and structure of the electric power construction project in China are relatively complex, involving many factors. There are certain risks in safety, quality, investment, construction period and operating benefit. How to better solve the problems existing in the actual operation process and how to better manage power companies and improve the efficiency and economy of power company projects are the key issues that need to be considered. In order to ensure the economic and social benefits of electric power projects, improve their engineering quality, the project managers must analyze various possible risk factors in time during the construction of electric power projects, and take effective measures to minimize the risks.


This article looks at the factors explaining the le vel of US and European long-term interest rates between 1986 and 2005. We begin by selecting the st ructural determinants of long-term interest rates, dealing with the US and European cases separately. However, a univariate framework cannot capture market integration and suffers from a number of sta tistical limitations. Switching to a multivariate setting reveals spillover from US to euro area long -term yields, with no reciprocal effect. The model allows us to draw up a timeline of events affecting the level of US and European long-term interest rates. Accordingly, the bursting of the internet bu b le, purchases by foreign agents, both official an d private, and the increase in global liquidity all s eemingly exerted downward pressure on US long-term interest rates and, indirectly, on euro area long r ates.


Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are often found playing a critical role in facilitating aspects of protected area comanagement in the Global South. In Lore Lindu National Park, Indonesia, three NGOs facilitated comanagement between 1998 and 2006. This article assesses the extent to which the comanagement strategies and approaches of these NGOs were aligned with their policy aims. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) focused on biodiversity conservation, whereas Yayasan Tanah Merdeka (YTM) and Yayasan Jambata (YJ) supported indigenous rights to resource extraction. Their strategies appeared to be consistent with their aims. Both YTM and YJ concentrated their efforts in indigenous communities with fewer customary rights and larger proportions of their territories located inside the park. By contrast, TNC targeted a much larger number of communities with larger territories and forest areas, which were vulnerable to the spread of cocoa cultivation. The evidence for an alignment between aims and approaches is mixed. The NGOs' approaches were influenced by local actors, particularly indigenous leaders and institutions, who used comanagement as a means of strengthening claims to customary territories. Communities obtained extraction rights, and many negotiated the right to exclude outsiders from their territories, which may have helped contain the spread of cocoa cultivation.


Knowledge is a socially constructed reality based on facts, values and beliefs, with close associations with what we regard as true and valid and what appears to cause and explain what. Individual or collective, expert or novice, people know that and what they know through handling and analysing information. Information searches (informal, as conversations, formal, like reference enquiries) reveal and depend on frames of knowledge in participants. It is important for information intermediaries to recognise the cognitive style of the enquirer.


Summary:  Zinc concentration and its subcellular distribution in the seminal vesicle and cranial and caudal prostate of adult rhesus monkey was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Its concentration (μg/mg protein) was maximum in the caudal lobe of prostate (5.7 μg) followed by cranial prostate (2.8 μg) and seminal vesicle (1.26 μg). Analysis of subcellular fractions revealed that zinc concentration was highest in the microsomal fraction constituting about 50% of total zinc in the two lobes of prostate (cranial: 5 μg; caudal: 17 μg/mg protein). A significant reduction occurred in their zinc content following castration. The possible role of zinc in the accessory sex glands is discussed.


Winthrop is a s mall seagirt penins ul a t hat lies approxi mately four mile s nort heast of the city of Boston. It is one of t he s mallest toNns in t he state in point of size be ing only 1.6 s quare miles in a r ea. , Hmvever, t he to".vn 1 s variegated confi3uration and e i s ht miles of curving shoreline make t he area involved s e em much more extensive. Ge olog ically,the to".Vll is composed of drift de posited by the glacier t hat covered t he area in the Quat ernary period. Th is drift v-ra s de posited in the forzn of f ive druml i ns in t he eastern part of t he pen insula and as undulating grom1d moraine in t he west. The drumlins were ext ens i vely weathered by storm waves. Sed iments, t hus f r eed, vTe re carried nor th and s outh by offshore current s to form a barrier bea ch, \'Tinthrop Beach, betvreen the drumlins of the Highlands area and t he Great Head drumlin and a tombolo be t1,reen Great Head and Point Shirley. In recent decades Dee r Island has been joined to Point Shi r l ey. The creation of the barrier bea ch l e ft a lagoon bet w·een t he eastern and westePn parts of Vfin t hrop . Fine s ediments accumulated in t h is lagoon to f orm the central lowland area of vlinthrop . The salt marsh in t he no r thl'lest s ection of the tolvn i-'las created in t he same way. Wintl:1l"OP Beach curves between the t'·m headlands, Grover's Cliff and Great Head. It is protected at most points by a high concave seawall. At places,the s ea bottom dips sharply,and the sea is in almost constant contact wit~ the seawall. Elsewheres,the bottom slope is not as steep, and the sea seldom touches the seavmll. The bs ach is s andy at its extremes,but in the middle t here is a stretch of rock debree that has been piled u p as hi&h as the top of the seawall by storm waves. Low tide at the bases of Great Head and the Highlands drumlins reveals a lit t oral z one strewn with boulders. These indicate the former extent of t hese drumlins. The Great Head drumlin appears to have been,at one time, almost twice its present size. vlinthrop has a humid continental climate vrhich is modified by the sur rounding sea. The tovm' s mean yearly temperature is fifty degrees Fahren,. "le i t, vrhile the annual precipitation is some 40.05 inches. Storms that strike t he town are often accompanied by heavy seas that inflict considerable damage to property along the beach. Large quantitie s of rock debree and s and are hurled over the seawall,and much of the beach area is inundated. The tovm is one of the most densely populated communi ties in Iv!assachusetts. The population in 1950 was 19,496, and increase of 2,728 9ver 1940. The density of population is 12,185 people per square mile. Winthrop is not,however,as one might ima3ine ,just an agglomeration of houses. There a re a number of open areas in the tovm, besides the miles of beaches. A ,golf links occupies much of the central l owland a rea that divide s the eastern and 1•restern parts of the town. On the north1·res t side of the tmv-n is an extensive tidal marsh . In the '\vestGrn part of the to1~ is Inglesi~e Park,formerly a fresh water swa mp . Also, wi.thin the limits of the t0\vl1. a re t\'iO government forts. A considerable por tion of Winthrop 's population,l3.4 per cent,is of fo re i gn birth. Fifty per cent of the foreign-born have come,in a lmost equal numbers,from t wo countries,the u. ,s . s . R. ' and Canada. I>~Iost of thos e from the U.S.S.R. are Jews,and they predominate in the Winthrop Beach section of Winthrop. Those f r om Canada are more numerous in t he vlestern part of t he town. England, Italy, and Eire a re t he other chief countries of origin. The decade between 1940 and 1950 has seen a substantial reduct ion of Winthrop 's English foreisn-born coupled with a great inc rease of vlinthrop ' s Italian forei gn-born. This is an outcome of the heavy influx into Wi nt hrop from East Boston of people of Italian birth and decent and is a trend that should continue in t he future. For t h is r eason, it is to be expected t hat in t he next few decades the Catholics will replace the Protestants as t he ma jor ity group in Vlinthrop . There are 800 Jei'l.t.sh families in the town. \'lithin the confines of the tmm are to be f ound some 4,000 homes,representing 5,800 dvrelling units. Since 1920, the:c·e has been a general decrease in home construction due to the limited area available for building sites. Hm'lever, in recent years there has been a renerral of home construction. A housing proj ect ove rlooking the salt marsh at the northrrester-.a part of t he t01·m has been c ompl e ted. At the othe r end of the town,on Point Sh irley,a new housing project is nearing completion. But in order for the tm·m to mal{e gains in population equal to those of previous decades, new potentie.l building sites must be found and developed. Within the present limits of the town are areas vrh ich c ould fill this requirement. They are (1) Fort Heath and Fort Banks, tvw very desirable sites; (2) the Belle Isle V.Larsh, \vhich is be ins sl01-rly filled in; and (3) t he s olf links,which because it lends much beauty to the tow.a is,perhaps,best left undeveloped. A fourth possibility is t he a quis i t ion of Deer Island,at present not a part of Winthrop. The development of Wint hrop as it is today--a town of homes--can be ascribed to t he advent of t he narrow 3uage loop railr oad in 1888 . This ra ilroad circled the town and thus made possible t he development of the various sections. Prior to t~:.e coming of t he narr01v guage , viinth rop had passed thr ou3h the following economic stages: (1) an Indian economy(before 1637); (2) an agricultural econ omy(l637-1812); (3) an industrial-agricultural economy (l812-1870); and(4) a resort and a e;ricultur.al economy(l870-1890). The period f r om 1890 to 1953 has be en one of urban economic activities. Iviost of the commercial activity in the town is concentrated in two ma jor and three lesser or satelitic retail cente rs that handle the needs of the corr~Q~ity . The residents of the tm·m make their livelihoods outside of the tovin , mainly in Boston; and 1'li thout t h is source of income, the prosperity of the community vwuld collapse. Hence ,the tovm of viinth!. ... op is a d ependent residential suburb. \'Vinth~ ·op 1·ms incorporated as a tm1n in 1852 and has a re presentative town meeting form of government.


The initial sizing stage of a design procedure for PM synchronous motors is presented in the paper. Analytical equations are developed and employed to establish a preliminary motor design. The formulae are used to illustrate the influence of the rotor configuration, electromagnetic loading and air-gap thicknesses on the motor performance. Suggestions regarding the improvement of efficiency, power factor, overload performance and PM protection against permanent demagnetization are also given.


It has been almost one decade since Lu Xun's great masterpiece, Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk first published. Although the book is mostly created by simple expression with few rhetorical and ornamental language, it can still bring readers unique aesthetic experience, which has a close relationship with the application of defamiliarization devices created by the author. Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang's translation of Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk successfully recreated the literariness by reproducing the defamiliarization devices. This paper aims at focusing on the translation methods they adopt to deal with the defamiliarization devices in the original, so as to guide other translators' translation process of reproducing the defamiliarization devices. Besides that, the aesthetic effects of defamiliarization are also analyzed in this paper in order to increase translators' awareness of defamiliarization.


Object of the present invention is to improve the durability of the airtight window in the radiation beam monitoring device. The radiation beam monitoring device comprising: a window provided with a metal casing made of a radiation incident side; window membrane covering the polymer from the outside of the window of the housing; a sealing member surrounds the periphery of the window from the inside of the housing; from It covers the inside of the housing window, and via the sealing member is fixed to the housing, window film made of a metal; and a window disposed opposite the membrane, and is set to the first housing and the shielding film at the same potential; configuration than a first shielding film to the downstream side of the radiation of the first metal film and is applied with a voltage; than the first metal film to be disposed downstream side of the radiation of the second metal film and applied voltage; disposed in the first than the second, and the second metal film is disposed to the downstream side of the radiation, and is set to be at the same potential of the housing; between a metal film and second metal film, and a signal electrode is connected with the measuring instrument shielding film.


This paper consider on multi-objective resource allocation problem (MORAP). To solve a hypothetical MORA problem, simulated annealing algorithm was used. Results showed that simulated annealing is very efficient to solve this problem. At the end of paper we provide results of running the algorithm in various size problems and we conclude simulated annealing can be an appropriate choice to solve a MORAP.


Convergence, diversity and feasibility are difficult to balance in constrained multi-objective optimization problems(CMOP), especially in some CMOP with relatively small feasibility. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a tri-population evolutionary algorithm with multitask co-evolution strategy. The main task is responsible for the original constrained multi-objective optimization. The second task called the help task executes the unconstrained search, and the third task named the transition task fills the gap between the main and the second tasks by treating the degree of constraint violation as another optimization objective. Finally, through the knowledge transfer between the population offspring of the three tasks, the offspring with excellent convergence are transferred to the main task population and get fully exported. In experiments, The algorithm is also compared with four high-level constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (CMOEA) on 24 bench-mark CMOPs. The experimental results demonstrate the competitiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Pile-supported, light duty structures are especially vulnerable to the uplifting forces. To evaluate the parameters that control the magnitude of the uplifting force a laboratory model study was conducted in a refrigerated test basin. The study modeled both an isolated pile and pile groups, where the interaction between piles reduces the individual pile loading. The experiment was supervised by a real-time, interactive measurement and control program operating on a Hewlett-Packard 9845B desktop computer. Through use of interrupts, the program monitored tests used to measure the engineering properties of the ice. Measured data were stored on floppy discs for a more complete analysis at a later date.


HF communication is an important communication means among the formation. This paper introduces the characteristic of HF communication,and analyses main factors causing HF terra wave attenuation,and also counts received signal intensity of HF terra wave communication for different distance and frequency. Yawp jam is considered,and received SNR is achieved. At last,frequency scope of HF communication among the formation is ascertained. The analysis of frequency scope is the foundation to guarantee communication quality and duration,and has significant meaning for improving HF communication efficiency among the formation.


We discuss two contrasting discourses of environmental management for the management of rivers and floodplain environments in the United Kingdom. Through the 1990s a long-established flood defence discourse gave way to a new discourse of river and floodplain restoration. We draw on qualitative interviews with river managers to set out these discourses, and consider the engagement between them. We consider particularly the way in which flood defence engineers have resisted and gradually been won over to aspects of the new restoration discourse, and the role of champions in that discourse transition.


Background Skin diseases among pilgrims are considered to be one of the possible health problems in our area. Data supporting this observation are scanty and sparse. The aim of this study was to report the most common skin diseases seen in a 15‐day period.