In obserations of the Earth's atmosphere with the GPS radio occultation technique,some factors such as the position error of GPS and LEO satellite,velocity error,clock drift,and observation error of carrier wave can bring error to the retrieval atmospheric parameters.In this paper,we analyze quantificationally the effects of the GPS measurement errors on the precision of retrieval.The excess phase delay is simulated by using the CHAMP orbit data,the experiential atmospheric and ionospheric model,and the method of 3D-tracing technology.After that,according to different characteristics of several GPS measurement errors,we add the GPS measurement errors to the simulated atmospheric excess phase data, and then retrieve the atmospheric parameters.It is analyzed of the inversion error caused by GPS measurement errors by comparison between inversion results and inversion results before adding errors. We analyzed statistically the error using 151 occultation events' error result of one day also.The conclusions are as follows:(1) When the GPS radial position error is ±10m,the mean temperature error at 30 km is 0.8K,and the standard deviation of temperature error at 30 km is 0.05K.When the LEO position error is ±0.4m,the average temperature error at 30 km is about 1.2K,and the standard deviation of temperature error at 30 km is 0.07K.(2) When the GPS velocity error is ±30 m/s,the maximum mean temperature error is ±0.02K,and the maximum standard deviation of temperature error is 0.3K.When the LEO position error is ±10 m/s,the maximum mean temperature error is about ±0.4K,and the maximum standard deviation of temperature error is 0.06K.(3) When the satellite receiver's clock drift is 1×10-9,the mean temperature error at 30 km is 263K, and the standard deviation of temperature error at 30 km is 16K.When the satellite receiver's clock drift is 1×10-14,the mean temperature error at 30 km is 0.019K,and the standard deviation of temperature error at 30 km is 0.004K.(4) When observation errors for carrier waves of L1 and L2 are 1mm and 2mm,they will result in the mean temperature error at 30 km is 0.01K,and the standard deviation of temperature error is 0.4K.(5) When using the MSIS90 atmospheric model of three dimension and NeUoG ionospheric model in simulation,and adding all of the GPS measurement errors of the most advanced index to the simulated atmospheric excess phase data,the error analysis results is that the retrieval refractivity and density error is less than 0.3%(1σ) below 30 km,the pressure error is less than 0.5%(1σ),and the temperature error is less than 1K(1σ).


The field experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2022 at Student's Instructional farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya Uttar Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and ten treatments. The experiment comprised of ten treatments viz., T1: Control, T2: 100% RDF (150, 60, 40 N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1), T3: 100% RDF + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 soil application, T4: 100% RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray at tillering stage, T5: 100% RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray at tillering stage + PI stage, T6: 75% RDF + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 soil application, T7: 75% RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray at tillering stage, T8: 75% RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray at tillering stage + PI stage, T9: 75% RDF + 25% FYM-N +0.5% ZnSO4 spray at tillering stage + PI stage and T10: 75% RDF + 25% FYM-N +25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 soil application. The application of 75% RDF + 25% FYM-N +25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 soil application has non-significantly effect on Bulk density, pH, Electrical Conductivity of soil after harvest of rice crop. The application of 75% RDF + 25% FYM-N +25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 soil application has significantly influenced Organic carbon, Available N, P, K and Zn in soil.


Arctic shipping is growing driven by a demand for natural resources, climate change, and technological development, among other factors. While this provides many benefits for society, it also entails risks for people, the environment, and property. The purpose of this article is to assist ship designers, operators, owners, and other stakeholders in managing those risks by defining a comprehensive approach to scenario-based risk management for Arctic waters. The approach covers both the management of short-term operational risks, as well as of risks related to a ship's long-term extreme (design) ice loads and structural response. For operational risk management, a further developed version of the established Polar Operational Limitations Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS) method is defined. In contrast to the established method, the further developed version considers the consequences of potential accidental events. For managing risks related to a ship's long-term extreme ice loads and structural response, guidelines are provided for the application of existing methods of assessing ice loads, including analytical, numerical, and semi-empirical methods. In addition, to support the design of ice class ship structures, a new approach based on closed-form expressions is defined that can be used in the conceptual design phase to determine preliminary scantlings of primary hull structural members (e.g., transverse web frames).


BMJ Learning offers online learning resources to help you with your appraisal and revalidation. We have recently added to our portfolio with a new module on tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is one of the commonest infectious diseases in the world, with some seven to eight million new cases and two …


A variable damping viscous damper is designed, which can change the size of the effective circulation area of the damping fluid under the action of external force to achieve the effect of variable damping coefficient by setting a shaped conical rod member in the damping hole. The mechanical model of the damper was derived and calculated according to the design method by combining the hole shrinkage effect and frictional energy dissipation principle. The damping performance of the dampers was tested by adding them to a six-story reinforced concrete frame structure. The results show that the pore-type variable damping viscous hysteresis damper proposed in this paper has a significant effect of variable damping at larger displacements, and the energy dissipation capacity of the damper increases gradually with the increase of the input frequency; under the action of rare intensity, the dampers have a good damping performance with the top layer displacement and acceleration reduction rate of 24.02% and 14.37% respectively for the reinforced concrete frame model structure in this paper.


Genomic medicine is becoming more mainstream and it is important that health professionals keep apace of this complex and rapidly developing field. This article provides an overview of genomics and the key role it will play in the management of medical conditions in the future.


Abstract Attempts to improve grassland management may benefit from the use of new sensing techniques, such as imaging spectroscopy. In order to explore the potential of hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy for rapid and objective characterization of grass swards an experimental prototype has been developed. From a height of 1 m, the system detects reflections at high spatial (0·16–1·45 mm2) and high spectral resolutions (5–17 nm) at wavelengths between 405 and 1659 nm. Detailed information is provided on design, characteristics and test results. Results show that reflection intensity is related to height position in the sward and leaf angle. Grass leaves were recognized accurately. Images of a sports field and a production sward with similar ground cover fractions could be easily distinguished. With the described system, canopy structure can be characterized by ground cover, the distribution of reflection intensity and image texture. Spectral characteristics can be obtained at leaf level.


The focus of this study is to get an in-depth understanding of the importance and need for Career Counseling at the Grade 12 level because career counseling at this level helps students in selecting the appropriate study program in line with their future career choice. The study was guided by 5 research questions including; what are the perspectives of grade 12 students about career counseling? To what extent career counseling is provided to grade 12 students at school? What are the benefits of career counseling for grade 12 students? What are the issues related to career counseling for grade 12 students? And how do the issues related to career counseling for grade 12 students be resolved? Purposefully selected research participants of this study were 6 students who were studying at grade 12 level at a semi-public sector school of Sukkur city. A qualitative case study approach has been used, with a semi-structured interview guide for collecting data. Data were analyzed by an open coding strategy and is reported thematically. It is anticipated that this study will help students, teachers, parents, educational institutes, and policymakers to a greater extent. Career counseling is becoming people-oriented and so with the findings of this study, policymakers can make new policies and implement them in the system. Future research can be conducted in different public and private sector schools of Sindh. Research participants from different education systems will provide a deeper analysis of different views and perspectives of students in different settings.


Experimental investigations have been carried out to replicate the damage sustained in earthquakes and to derive cost-effective and practical repair procedures for: • walls reliant only on the internal linings for providing lateral restraint to the structure • brick veneer wall junctions, and • Exterior Insulation and Finishing Systems (EIFS), weatherboard and monolithic exterior claddings. Methods of straightening a house that has been left with a residual racking displacement were also investigated. The damage and repairs have been summarised, along with suggested other considerations, so that they may be incorporated into the Earthquake Commission's Earthquake Damage Assessment Catalogue.


In the area of world semiconductor industry there has been a fierce competition between the United States and Japan. The Americans pioneered the semiconductor industry and took the lead in that area more than 10 years earlier than the Japanese. However, the Japanese caught up and replaced the American's superior position in the world. Amazingly enough, the Americans resumed their position in 1990s. The ups and downs of American's semiconductor industry is a mystery. This article aims to analyze this mystery and explain the role of a government that it can exert in the promotion of economic development in a society of knowledge economy.


Giant dielectric constant e′ of ∼(2.8–3.7)×104 was observed in high purity CuO (99.999%) ceramics with grain sizes of 4.57±1.71 and 9.57±3.01 μm. The e′ and Ea increase with an increase in grain size due to the different electrical properties in the grains. The high dielectric response observed in the CuO ceramics can be described by the internal barrier layer capacitance model. The resistance of grain boundaries (Rgb) and the dielectric constant of the CuO samples decrease with increasing dc bias due to the decrease in grain boundaries capacitance, whereas the resistance of grains (Rg) remains constant.


An isatoic anhydride derivative conjugated to a biotin and a disulfide linker was specifically designed for the separation of nucleic acids. Starting from a DNA-RNA mixture, a selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation of RNAs followed by capture with streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and cleavage of the disulfide led to elution of RNAs.


We present a detailed study of the effect of local chemical ordering on the structural, electronic, and dynamical properties of amorphous gallium arsenide. Using the recently proposed ``activation-relaxation technique'' and empirical potentials, we have constructed two 216-atom tetrahedral continuous random networks with different topological properties, which were further relaxed using tight-binding molecular dynamics. The first network corresponds to the traditional amorphous Polk-type network randomly decorated with Ga and As atoms. The second is an amorphous structure with a minimum of wrong (homopolar) bonds, and therefore a minimum of odd-membered atomic rings, and thus corresponds to the Connell-Temkin model. By comparing the structural, electronic, and dynamical properties of these two models, we show that the Connell-Temkin network is energetically favored over Polk, but that most properties are little affected by the differences in topology. We conclude that most indirect experimental evidence for the presence (or absence) of wrong bonds is much weaker than previously believed and that only direct structural measurements, i.e., of such quantities as partial radial distribution functions, can provide quantitative information on these defects in $a\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{GaAs}$.


A constitutive isotype of serum amyloid A (SAA4) is present mostly in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and a little in other lipoproteins. In this study, we developed an automated method for measuring SAA4 concentration in serum by kinetic nephelometry of anti‐SAA4 antibody‐coated latex agglutination. Rabbit antibodies generated by immunization of recombinant SAA4 were found to have no apparent reactivity with acute phase SAA. The values determined by this method and by the previous enzyme immunoassay showed good agreement (r=0.862). Serum SAA4 values of 26 healthy adults ranged from 37–109 mg/L (mean; 62 mg/L). Their SAA4 concentrations were not significantly related with those of apolipoprotein A‐I, A‐II, B, C‐II, C‐III or E. Also, SAA4 did not correlate with cholesterol in preparation after removal of very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. These suggest the unique behavior of SAA4 in lipoprotein metabolism, while what contributes to variation of SAA4 levels in serum, especially in HDL, remains to be clarified. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 11:363–368, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


. There is a plethora of information about how to manage grapevines. Extension outputs usually provide general strategies applicable to a grape-growing region. Individual growers need to make sense of this information for their particular vineyard characteristics and conditions, with decision-making based on each grower's accumulated experience and knowledge. What if this local accumulated experience and knowledge could be complemented with sensed and measured vineyard-specific information? What if it were then possible to link vineyard conditions directly to the Internet to get real-time situation awareness for each vineyard? This would enhance each grower's specific decision-making. While such information can be obtained from on-site weather stations and other forms of environmental monitoring, these solutions are limited because they are purpose built – measuring one thing. With an increasing number of such systems coming on-line, it becomes difficult to integrate information sources into an easy-to-interpret decision support system. Additionally, multiple systems increase the time and resourcing to individually support and maintain. The Sense-T Program (www.sense-t.org.au) is building core infrastructure to facilitate integration of environmental sensor data. This infrastructure will enable interoperability and allow data to be re-used and/or re-purposed for different applications. The infrastructure will ensure that sensor data are properly described so that it can be used with confidence in different analytical tools/ systems. Sensor networks are being established in four Tasmanian vineyards to help build and demonstrate the Sense-T infrastructure and to facilitate development of new applications and regional R&D. The first applications will provide tailored alerts for botrytis and frost risk.


. From epidemiological point of view, the current annual incidence of SCD in the United States (total population approximately 300 000 000) would range between 180 000 and 250 000 cases per year. For the world (total population approximately 6 540 000 000), the estimated annual burden of SCD would be in the range of 4 to 5 million cases per year


Events in Eastern Europe are forcing the West to rethink a whole range of policies. The Cold War froze into a fixed configuration a wide panorama of Western policies not just in defense and international affairs, not just in economics, but in immigration as well. Now that the Cold War has thawed, that Eastern Europe is drawing aside the Iron Curtain, that the Berlin wall has ceased to be a barrier, the West has to re-examine the policies that were generated by the Cold War. The West has been slow to react to what is going on in Eastern Europe, and, within the West, Canada has been one of the slowest. Though the underlying facts that led to current policies have changed, the policies continue. Some of this continuation may simply be caution because of uncertainty of the lasting nature of the changes. However, where caution is the explanation, that caution is misplaced. We in the West cannot remain indifferent to what is happening in Eastern Europe. The changes are positive changes. The developments are ones we in the West would want to encourage. By remaining fixed in old policy stands waiting to see if the changes will last, we are doing nothing to help the changes last. If we really want to see the East change, the West must change itself. Another explanation is bureaucratic inertia, the comfort of old ways. Once a policy is in place, laws are passed, officers are appointed to administer it, forms are printed, instructions are issued, the path of least resistance is just to carry on. The people who administer a policy may have fogotten why it was instituted. They may have never known in the first place. The options that were canvassed and rejected at the time a policy decision was made drop from sight. Laws and policies do not come with explanations.


[(PbO)0.20-x . (Bi2O3)0.40 . (B2O3)0.40]: (TiO2)x, 0.0 = 0.8 mol% in the glass matrix. The optical absorption spectra of these glasses exhibited bands due to Ti3+ ions in the visible region. ESR spectral studies have also indicated that a fraction of Ti4+ ions reduced to Ti3+ ions. IR spectra of these glasses exhibited bands due to TiO4 and TiO6 structural units. Quantitative studies indicate that as concentration of TiO2 is increased to 0.8 mol% in the glass matrix, a large proportion of titanium ions exist in Ti3+ state and has influenced the physical properties of these glasses to a substantial extent.


revanchism after 1918. One wonders whether nationalism and internationalism had ever been alternatives, as Best claims, or whether the missionaries proudly claimed their place as Germans in the global missionary order? Best's story emerges out of the archives of mission directors, boards, and theologians of the colonial metropole. He explicitly excludes gender or race perspectives as well as the encounters of missionaries in the field with African activists and other members of colonized societies. This decision leads to occasional lopsided interpretations. Best, for instance, asserts that missionaries were traumatized by the Maji Maji War without even mentioning East Africans' trauma resulting from an extremely destructive strategy of the colonial army which, by the way, was wholeheartedly welcomed by missionaries. The decision also renders missions a project of European men of the metropole who developed a notion of internationalism which centered around North American and Western European cultural and religious superiority, to be delivered to non-Europeans in the fashion of a benign paternalism. Therein, these missionaries were to a degree distinct from other men of the colonial metropole. Jeremy Best presents a lively picture of the intellectual world of the leading German missionary activists. He details their inner and outer battles about coming to terms with the emerging and solidifying German colonial empire as well as its breakdown after 1914. Best's goal to differentiate our understanding of the international Protestant missionary cosmos is also fulfilled. The interactions of German mission leaders with international missionary Protestantism, the differences in outlooks on how this internationalism should be organized, and the convergence of ideas, even the building of international (i.e., Western) missionary community are examined in a fruitful manner.


A four-coach train with powered body tilting for use on sharply curved lines is being delivered by Fiat shortly for trial service in Italy, and a similar broad gauge set will be supplied to Spain next year. Two years of experience with Fiat's single Y.0160 test coach have demonstrated the efficiency of the electro-hydraulic tilt servo controlled by an accelerometer but supplemented by a gyroscope to reduce the response time to 0.1 sec.


The performance of a CDMA based wireless system is largely dependent on the characteristics of pseudorandom spreading codes. The spreading codes should be carefully chosen to ensure highest possible peak value of auto-correlation function and lower correlation peaks (side-lobes) at non-zero time-shifts. Simultaneously, zero cross-correlation value at all time shifts is required in order to eliminate the effect of multiple access interference at the receiver. But no such code family exists which possess both characteristics simultaneously. That's why an exhaustive effort has been made in this paper to evaluate the peak correlation characteristics of various non-orthogonal spreading codes and suggest a suitable solution.


Analogues of the conjugate gradient method, MINRES, and GMRES are derived for solving boundary value problems (BVPs) involving second-order differential operators. Two challenges arise: imposing the boundary conditions on the solution while building up a Krylov subspace, and guaranteeing convergence of the Krylov-based method on unbounded operators. Our approach employs projection operators to guarantee that the boundary conditions are satisfied, and we develop an operator preconditioner that ensures that an approximate solution is computed after a finite number of iterations. The developed Krylov methods are practical iterative BVP solvers that are particularly efficient when a fast operator-function product is available.


Lynda Anderson-Towns Assessing the Effects of Exposure to Multicultural Learning on a School Population with Limited Diversity. 1999 Dr. Ronald Capasso School Administration This Master's project was designed to assess the effects of infusing various multicultural activities in a rural school with limited diversity. It focused on integrating monthly multicultural activities into the curriculum of first grade students to increase their sensitivity and appreciation of diversity. The study utilized qualitative data gathered through surveys, interviews and observations completed at Dennis Township Elementary School. The first grade students were exposed to a series of multicultural activities which included storytelling, minilessons and cultural presentation throughout a six month time span. Students' attitudes toward diversity were measured by pre-test and post-test surveys preceding and subsequent to the multicultural activities. Results showed that the first grade students were more receptive to accepting minority children as friends, teaming with them for class activities and learning about their cultures after being exposed to multicultural programs. Conclusions drawn from the survey responses and other informal evaluation suggested that the exposure to the cultural activities contributed to the awareness and appreciation of diversity in the first grade students. Future direction regarding diversity in Dennis Township Elementary School should address creating opportunities to connect with the high school's ethnic clubs for multicultural activities, contacting local organizations for minority role models and concentrating efforts upon hiring minority educators within the school district.


This study considers the influence of the components of a fender pile system (fender, pile, soil) on the response of the system as a whole. After establishing soil properties that describe laterally loaded pile behaviour in the laboratory dry sand, a number of tests were performed varying some of the parameters for this type of system. Results were found to be well correlated with predictions. Additional data were generated mathematically, and conclusions are drawn regarding the influence of some factors on the behaviour. Recommendations on a simple method of analysis, which could be used for a large fender piling system, are made, based on an earlier work.


The medial branch of the posterior ramus of spinal nerves passing between the mamillary process and the accessory process may be subjected to irritation and compression as a result of conversion of these formations into a foramen. As a result, pain due to spasm may occur in muscles which are innervated by this nerve. However, as this branch also provides the sensitive innervation of zygapophysial joint, there maybe a pain arising from the joint. At present no clinical study is available on this subject.


Most of eukaryotic elongation factor 1 (EF-1) consists of four subunits, EF-la, -/S, -0', and -7, as shown in silk gland, wheat germ (1, 2), Artemia salina (3), and Xenopus laevis (4). EF-la catalyzes the binding of aminoacyl-tRNAs to ribosomes concomitant with the hydrolysis of GTP, while EF-1/3/3'7 catalyzes the exchange of GTP for GDP bound to EF-la subsequent to its release from the ribosome and stimulates the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes. Recently, it was shown that two independent EF-la genes in Drosophila melanogaster expressed individually during development (5). In Xenopus laevis, two EF-la genes encoding the somatic and the oocyte form were also reported (6). In this report, we describe isolation of silk gland EF-la cDNA clones and nucleotide sequence of a clone. Poly(A) RNA was isolated from the posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori at the 3rd day of the 5th instar and the cDNA was synthesized using the cDNA synthesis kit (Amersham Corp.). The silk gland cDNA library was constructed in Xgtl 1 according to the manufacturer's instructions (Amersham Corp.). Several positive clones were obtained out of l.Ox 10 recombinants by screening with human EF-la cDNA as a probe (7). DNA fragments from these clones were subcloned into the pUC19 vector and one clone named KA71 was sequenced using the Sequenase Version 2.0 Kit applied to double stranded DNA (USB Corp.) (8). The cDNA insert of KA71 contains 1392 bp of coding region encoding 464 amino acids, 47 bp of 5' untranslated region, and 248 bp of 3' untranslated region. The amino acids sequence had 94% similarity to Drosophila melanogaster EF-la (5), 89% to Artemia salina EF-la (9), 86% to human EF-la (10), and 85% to Xenopus laevis EF-la (11). These results suggest that EF-la genes are well conserved among these species. The consensus sequences GHVDHGKT (18-25), DCPG (80-83), and NKCD (135 -138) involved in three GDP binding domains of E.coli EF-Tu (12) are conserved in silk gland EF-la at residues 14-22, 91 9 4 , and 153-156, respectively (Figure 1). Moreover, an ethanolamine—phosphoglycerol moiety is linked to the murine EF-la via an amide bond to Glu-301 and Glu-374 (13) and Chinese hamster fibroblast EF-la is modified by the covalent attachment of phosphatidylinositol at Asp-306 (14). These amino acids residues are also conserved in silk gland EF-la at the same sites. Experiments are underway to isolate another clone of silk gland EF-la. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


Objectives: The objectives of this study were to explore the leadership styles of political school principals and the influence of leadership styles on faculty committees, as well as the influence of leadership styles on faculty-directed demographic variables. Methods/Analysis: This study uses a quantitative method to identify the leadership styles that exist in principals of political schools. The collected data is analyzed and processed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. The available test of Avolio and Bass to explore leadership styles, the test developed by Meyer and Allen is used to measure faculty commitment. Findings: Transformative leadership styles, transactional leadership styles, and laissez-faire leadership styles all have statistically significant positive correlations with faculty commitment. Novelty/Improvement: The laissez-faire leadership style had the strongest influence on faculty commitment, followed by the transformational leadership style. The least influential leadership style was the transactional leadership style. When lecturers have confidence and initiative, being able to make their own decisions and implement them, they will be more creative to achieve leadership performance. The research results are only shown within the provincial political schools of Vietnam. Future studies may select a broader sample of subjects in many educational institutions of a different kind. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-03-013 Full Text: PDF


EEG channel interpolation is of great significance when the EEG signal from a channel is very low quality or missing altogether. This is particularly critical for low density EEG arrays employed in several clinical and research applications because the missing channel represents a large portion of the underlying cortical activity and adversely affects further data analysis and, potentially, diagnosis. For the same reasons, it is also critical for dry EEG applications when a disrupting contact is present. We present an approach for reconstructing a missing or poor EEG signal by combining signals from neighboring electrodes according to their distance from the electrode corresponding to the reconstructed signal. We used EEG data recorded from humans performing a cognitive task, omitted one channel at a time (to assess any spatial dependencies of our proposed approach), and reconstructed the omitted signal from the rest of the signals. Signals were reconstructed using Euclidean distance, great circle distance, and ellipsoid geodesic length and compared to reference (omitted) signals by means of inspection and normalized mean square error. Pilot results indicated that the ellipsoid geodesic length gave the best signal reconstruction as it provided event related potential and scalp map estimates closest to the reference and the smallest average (across all omitted channels) normalized mean square error (NMSE) values.


Ketamine is a drug that has been administered as an anesthetic for more than 50 years. A decade ago, scientists found that a small dose of ketamine can also serve as a fast-acting antidepressant. Then last year, researchers discovered that ketamine's antidepressant activity comes from a metabolite, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK), which lacks ketamine's psychological side effects that increase its risk of being abused. In yet another ketamine development, a team led by E. J. Corey of Harvard University has now developed an enantioselective synthesis of HNK and related analogs that could help scientists determine the compound's specific biological target and lead to new antidepressants (Org. Lett. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02498). The nine-step HNK synthesis contains two novel features. In one step, the team used a mechanistic model of the classic Jacobsen epoxidation reaction to design a modified manganese salen catalyst that enables the epoxidation of an intermediate. In another step, the researchers


Physical test can provide a lot of good opportunities for cultivating the studensts′ crea tive ability and the ability to do scientific research. In the physical test the goal of fostering students′ creative ability can be achieved through arousing students′ interests,optimizing the contents of the tests,and establishing extra curriculum activities groups.


Objective: To invent the cost efficient home made bovine pericardium buttressing the staple lines in lung volume reduction surgery, and evaluate its feasibility by the means of animal test. Methods: the bovine pericardium of certain type of cattle was chosen, and special management was applied on it, making a sheath like product especially for LVRS. A serial types named A 1, A 2 and A 3 were prepared for the dog model pre clinical experimental test. The smoothness of stapling and dividing, the effectiveness of sealing, and the endurance of pressure were recorded as the index of judgment. Results: Products of all these three types were satisfactory in different degree for utilization, while the type of A 3 was found to suit best. Conclusion: In this study, the home made bovine pericardium buttressing the staple line in LVRS showed satisfactory characteristic in the animal test, and it should have great potential value in the coming clinical use.


Abstract : Field trials when observations are correlated with those in neighboring or nearby plots in one and two dimensions are analyzed using simultaneous autoregressive models. The relationships between the maximum likelihood solutions and the corresponding well-known Papadakis estimators are clarified and it is shown that the maximum likelihood solutions are, for specific types of designs, easier to obtain directly then by iterating on the Papadakis estimator as has been suggested. A simulation study compares the different models and methods for one and two dimensions. (Author)


During the first part of this review we will focus on the thermodynamics of $SU(N)$ gauge theories at finite temperature. We will present results from a calculation of electric and magnetic screening masses for the gluons, discuss calculations of the critical temperature in units of the string tension and bulk thermodynamic quantities like the energy density and pressure. In particular, the latter calculations have now reached a stage where $O(a^2)$ cut-off effects can be controlled systematically and an extrapolation to the continuum limit can be performed. In the second part we discuss the critical behaviour of QCD with light quarks. We analyze the chiral transition in 2-flavour QCD and present results on the temperature dependence of hadron properties.


Shape‐defining hard templates containing arrays of aligned cylindrical nanopores have been exploited as a powerful tool in the synthesis of tubular and solid, rod‐like one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures consisting of inorganic and polymeric materials. Gaining control over the mesoscopic fine structure in the 1D nanostructures thus obtained has remained challenging. However, it is easy to conceive that their properties largely depend on internal features characterized by mesoscopic length scales. The self‐assembly of block copolymers inside nanopores with hard confining pore walls can be exploited to rationally generate 1D nanostructures with internal self‐assembled mesoscopic fine structures. These self‐assembled mesoscopic fine structures can be converted to mesopores, into which functional inorganic materials can be deposited. Thus, 1D nanostructures that contain replicas of helical mesopores consisting of functional inorganic materials could be obtained. The complex shapes of the inorganic entities might add additional functionalities to those associated with the bulk inorganic material and with the anisotropy of plain 1D nanostructures. In this way, helical structure motifs can be generated that may exhibit specific optical properties, such as circular dichroism, as shown by simulations.


The use of natural resources in coal mining has many positive and negative impacts. The positive impact is increasing economic and social development both for the community in terms of employment and the government of the Province of East Kalimantan and the Regency of the City of the Producer in terms of Regional Original Revenue (ROR). Negative impacts include the destruction of forests in the area around the mine, contamination of the sea, disease outbreaks for people who live in the area around the mine, even the real negative impact on mining that makes the loss of one's life due to ex-mining holes, legally the case of responsibility for loss of life the person in the coal mine pit is not one person responsible, but there are some responsible parties.The object of research is PT. Cahaya Energi Mandiri, and the Government and the police related to the loss of life of people in mining pits or Mining Business License (IUP) of PT. Cahaya Energi Mandiri. So the purpose of this first thesis is to know and analyze the Legal Responsibility to the Loss of People Life at the Coal Mine Hole Judging from the Perspective of Criminal Law, the second to know and analyze the elements of criminal acts associated with the field of coal mining.The research method used is the normative-empirical legal research method that is merging between the approach of normative law with the addition of various empirical element.From the results of the research can be seen that the loss of life of the pit hole people have met the elements in the provisions of criminal law, because the loss of the lives of people perforated mine has met the elements in Article 359 KUHP and article 112 of Law Number 32 the Year 2009 on Protection and Environmental Management. While the criminal law responsibility can be imposed on the holders of IUP and the Government as the party responsible for environmental monitoring by punishment in the form of imprisonment or restitution or compensation for the victim or his family by the perpetrator.


Acute suppurative or infective thyroiditis is a very rare disease. In a lifetime of practice, it is unlikely that a thyroidologist will see more than a very few cases. Despite the rarity, the diagnosis is usually not difficult. Pain, tenderness and swelling of the thyroid, often with local and systemic inflammatory signs, suggest it and fine needle aspiration (FNA) rapidly establishes it. The case of Yamashita et al. (1993) had however a most unusual presentation which led to misdiagnosis preoperatively. Although FNA showed only inflammatory cells, the clinical picture together with the firm ultrasound report led to a diagnosis of papillary carcinoma. Ultrasound has a high sensitivity for detecting thyroid structural abnormalities but its specificity is unfortuwoman. If conservative management should fail in the future, then complete fistulectomy will be needed.


Abstract: The radiation reaction force is examined for an idealized short pulse of electromagnetic radiation and for a plane wave. Exact solutions (without radiation reaction) are discussed, the total radiated power is calculated. A new and simpler approach to the approximate form of the equation of motion is presented that automatically removes the runaway solutions. Finally, analytical solutions are presented for the equations of motion that include the radiation reaction forces in the very high intensity regime. A classical scattering angle is defined and it shows that the electron is scattered in a small cone in the forward direction. The radiation reaction corrections to this angle are also considered. c © Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics. All rights reserved.


This paper expounds the construction contents of the service-oriented digital library:digitized resources system,uniform information access platform,network reference service platform and construction of professional ranks,and probes into three kinds of digitized resources and two kinds of service platforms,and pus forward the developing direction of the reference service.


In activity results of research of geometrical parameters are adduced snuffed with Vitoshmcky contour, and also computational programs with witch use were conducted these researches.


This paper treats a set of equations of the form $X+A^{\star}{\cal F}(X)A =Q$, where ${\cal F}$ maps positive definite matrices either into positive definite matrices or into negative definite matrices, and satisfies some monotonicity property. Here A is arbitrary and Q is a positive definite matrix. It is shown that under some conditions an iteration method converges to a positive definite solution. An estimate for the rate of convergence is given under additional conditions, and some numerical results are given. Special cases are considered, which cover also particular cases of the discrete algebraic Riccati equation.


Steak & Gravy Round. Slow Cooked Scotch Beef in a thick, rich gravy encased in a sweet pastry base and topped with a puff pastry lid. Ideal quick dinner for all the family.


Abstract The study aimed at evaluating bioactivities, phytochemical constituents, and molecular phylogeny of three wild edible mushrooms Russula densifolia (Secr.) Gillet., Russula violeipes Quel., and Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. The mushroom extracts showed 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, superoxide scavenging and metal chelating activities, α-glucosidase inhibition and α- amylase inhibition to different extents. The mushrooms extracts also showed an anti-inflammatory by inhibiting the denaturation of albumin. The studied mushrooms also displayed moderate antimicrobial properties with zones of inhibition ranging from 16.25 ± 0.42 to 25.50 ± 0.85 mm against seven human pathogens. Highest cytotoxic activity was exhibited by the ethanol extracts of R. violeipes with an IC50 value of 56.66 µg/ml. Total phenol content was between 21.92–41.99 mg catechol/g extract and flavonoid content ranged from 2.53–7.52 mg quercetin/g extract. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of different functional groups as mycoconstituents. The study indicated that wild edible mushrooms can be used as nutraceuticals/functional foods to promote health benefits.


Abstract The present study was designed to examine factors that might influence older adults to seek out professional counseling and to ascertain differences in confidant preferences by gender and nature of confidence. Analyses were conducted on 206 community-dwelling older adults ranging in age from 57-98. While men were more likely to confide in a spouse, women chose friends and children, usually daughters, as their confidants. Serious illness of self and serious illness of spouse emerged as sensitive subject matter regarding nature of confidence as evidenced by analyses run on large numbers of missing data for these items. Only 8.3% of the sample reported having received professional counseling, although familiarity with mental health services surfaced as the variable most likely to influence the possibility of consultation. Older adults with either previous exposure to outpatient psychological treatment or who had friends or family members receiving treatment reported being familiar with mental health services. Elders perceived the experiences of friends or family members in treatment to be positive experiences, although the majority of older adults did not perceive their problems as serious enough to warrant professional intervention.


I. INTRODUCTION In Greenwood v. CompuCredit Corp.1 the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit was asked to decide whetiier the Credit Repair Organizations Act ("CROA")2 permitted the enforcement of an arbitration agreement in a credit-repair contract.3 The Nindi Circuit glibly announced diat the issue in the case was as simple as making a determination about whether the word "sue" could really mean "arbitrate" and light-heartedly suggested diat "perhaps the question [was], as Alice put it: 'whether you can make words mean so many different things?'"4 Although two other circuits had previously concluded that similar arbitration agreements did not run afoul of the CROA,5 the Ninth Circuit nonetheless created a circuit split by holding that the plain meaning of the CROA afforded consumers the definitive right to adjudication of all CROA disputes in a judicial forum.6 The court's decision wrongly created a circuit split because it misapplied relevant Supreme Court precedent; specifically, it adopted an interpretive methodology that was insufficiently hospitable towards arbitration agreements. This Note begins by summarizing the relevant facts and procedural history of Greenwood. Next, the Note provides a brief background for the key federal statute governing agreements to arbitrate, die Federal Arbitration Act, and then discusses some of the crucial Supreme Court precedent regarding statutory challenges to arbitration agreements. The Note then presents a brief discussion of die other circuit court decisions from which the Nindi Circuit split in its interpretation of the CROA in Greenwood. Finally, the Note provides a detailed discussion of die Ninth Circuit's reasoning in Greenwood before concluding with an analysis of how the Greenwood decision erred by interpreting the CROA in a way that was too inhospitable to arbitration agreements. II. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY CompuCredit Corporation was a business that used direct mail solicitation to market credit cards allegedly designed to help individuals repair their credit.7 These cards had an initial credit limit of just $300. Although no deposit was required for card membership, the "subprime" cards actually carried first-year fees of $257.8 These fees were disclosed in card promotional materials, but these disclosures were buried within small print.9 The promotional materials for the card also included a "PreApproved Acceptance Certificate" that stated, among other things, that by signing the certificate consumers represented diat tiiey had both read and accepted die "Terms of the Offer."10 One of the provisions of the "Terms of the Offer" stated the following: "Important- The agreement you receive contains a binding arbitration provision. If a dispute is resolved by binding arbitration, you will not have the right to go to court or have the dispute heard by a jury, [or] to engage in pre-arbitration discovery . . . ."" The plaintiffs in Greenwood were consumers of CompuCredit credit cards.12 The plaintiffs brought suit, alleging that CompuCredit's failure to provide adequate fee disclosures had violated both the CROA and California state law.13 CompuCredit moved to compel arbitration, seeking to enforce the arbitration agreements contained in the "Terms of the Offer."14 The district court declined to uphold the arbitration agreement contained in the "Terms of die Offer" and held that the CROA precluded such agreements.15 CompuCredit appealed the district court's denial of its motion to compel arbitration.16 III. SIGNIFICANT LEGAL BACKGROUND After briefly explaining the impact of the Federal Arbitration Act on arbitration jurisprudence, this section surveys the relevant Supreme Court precedent regarding statutory challenges to arbitration agreements. Finally, this section concludes by briefly examining the decisions from which Greenwood split by holding that the CROA precludes arbitration. A. Federal Arbitration Act - Abandonment of Common Law Arbitration Animosity Historically, courts disfavored arbitration. …


Objective: Describe the development and evaluation of the online course on urinary catheterization for nursing professionals and undergraduate students. Methods: The contextualized instructional design method was used during the process of conception, development, implementation and evaluation. Results:  The course was developed by researches and evaluated by the experts, obtaining 93% approval; 67% of the items were evaluated as excellent, 26% of the items were satisfactory, 4% of the items were reasonable and only 1% of the items were evaluated as unsatisfactory. Conclusion: The planning of the development phase of online courses is fundamental to their quality and the efficacy of the project. The course developed will enable new perspectives in graduate courses, in training programs and in personal development, based on the construction of individualized, flexible and collaborative knowledge utilizing new educational technologies.


The Lower Paleozoic formations of the eastern Klamath comprise the strongly tectonized volcano-sedimentary series of Yreka-Callahan which overthrust the Trinity ophiolitic complex. The Yreka series contain basaltic flows similar to present oceanic island basalts. These units result from accretion processes between intra-oceanic islands and an active continental margin which suggest the development of the Trinity ophiolite in the vicinity of a continent


In the present paper, a safety evaluation index that determines the probability of accident occurrence of collision and stranding when the experiment is executed using a ship handling simulator is proposed, by noting Unsafe Ship Handling Situations. The number of Unsafe Ship Handling Situation was counted from the results of simulator trials, and the accident ratio was surveyed from the past records of sea casualties in the corresponding water area. The correlation between the appearance ratio of Unsafe Ship Handling Situation and the accident ratio showed reasonable coincidence with the order of 10. When port administrator tries to assess the effectiveness of safety improvement planning of port and harbour facilities, it can be said that this kind of probabilistic prediction model of accident occurrence is indispensable from the aspect of introducing cost effectiveness analysis.


Purpose: This work aimed at evaluating the properties of the ethyl silicate-based coating
that can be applied on low carbon steel.
Design/methodology/approach: Two mixture ratio types (2:1, and 3:2) of resin and
hardener respectively were used to prepared two specimen models (A and B).
Findings: It found that some mechanical properties (tensile, hardness, and impact strength)
of ethyl silicate resin were evaluated according to standard criteria.
Research limitations/implications: The effect of heat treatments at various temperatures
(100, 150, and 200°C) and holding at different times (10, 20 & 30) min on hardness was
investigated.
Practical implications: Moreover, an open circuit potential corrosion test with a solution
of 3.5% Sodium Chloride at room temperature and 60°C was used to determine the
corrosion resistance of low carbon steel specimens coated with the two mixture types.
Originality/value: The effects of mixture ratios (for resin and hardener) and heat treatment
conditions on properties of ethyl silicate-based coating were studied. From obtained results,
acceptable values of tensile, hardness, and toughness were recorded. Increasing heat
treatment temperature and holding time leads to enhance hardness for both model types. An
open circuit potential (OCP) tests show that there is an enhancement of protective properties
of ethyl silicate coatings with mixture type B in comparison with type A was achieved.
Generally, the results indicate that specimen model B has higher properties as compared
with specimen model A.


Ginkgo biloba is a tree native to China, and the only extant species in its class. It is also known as a fossil species because it has changed very little from the fossils of Ginkgo found dating back to the Jurassic period. This makes it a very interesting topic of study, because it allows us to see what kinds of mechanisms terrestrial plants used for reproduction and growth before flowering plants evolved. In this study, we looked at the development of the Gingko leaf in terms of cell division patterns and gene expression of GbC4HDZ02, a gene involved in epidermal development.


Due to the sharp decrease in coal price and the increase in covid pandemic, mining industries in Indonesia are forced to adjust management models to keep employees productive and innovative. Spiritual leadership as a new genre has been acknowledged as an important influencing factor in employees' innovation across various industries. However, there is a lack of research linking spiritual leadership, workplace spirituality and innovation in highly stressful mining industries, specifically within a newly developed country like Indonesia. Therefore, during crisis time, it would be interesting to test the indirect effect of spiritual leadership on followers' innovative work behaviour as mediated through followers' perception of workplace spirituality. The current study is set to serve two purposes. The first purpose clears the confusion regarding the findings related to spiritual leadership's influence on employee's innovative work behaviour. The second purpose investigates the mediating role of workplace spirituality in explaining the relationship between spiritual leadership and innovative work behaviour. Employing structural equation modelling (SEM) on samples of 217 employees of mining companies in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the results have revealed a positive and significant relationship between spiritual leadership and innovative work behaviour. These relationships were mediated by workplace spirituality. Within the specific milieu of respondents who consider that life is preordained and people cannot conquer nature, the management must enhance the workplace spirituality to keep employees remain innovative besides moulding inner motivation created through spiritual leadership. © 2021, Czestochowa University of Technology. All rights reserved.


Using Schiff base as a phase transfer catalyst,ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate was synthesized by reacting ethyl chloroformate with sodium thiocyanate.Effect of the amount of catalyst,reaction temperature,reaction time and the proportion of material on the reaction yield was investigated.The results show that increasing reaction temperature or prolonging reaction time can improve the yield.The appropriate reaction condition was determined by experiment as follows: reaction temperature was 35℃,reaction time was 3 h and the mol proportion of sodium thiocyanate,ethyl chloroformate and Schiff base catalyst was 1.1∶1∶0.015,the yield was 96.8%.


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to a data receiver/source for a hybrid network, including a network with line switching and a packet switching network. In order to eliminate logical division between applications in the data receiver/source, data transfer device and in the data end device, the applications of which are based on a network with communication line switching (PTSN, ISDN) and applications, which are based on a packet switching network (Internet), the data transfer device (DUG), meant for data transmission/reception, especially speech and data packets, in a network or from a network with communication line switching (LVN), which is associated with a universally used device (DVG) for automatic data processing and for transmitting/receiving data in a network or from a packet switching network (PVN), and with which is associated at least one data end device (DEG) for transmitting/receiving data in a network or from a network with communication line switching (LVN), contain control switching apparatus (USM), which are controlled such that, the data end device (DEG), which in the first mode is connected through the data transfer device (DUG) to the network with communication line switching (LVN), switch from the first operation mode to the second operation mode, in which the data end device (DEG) through the data transfer device (DUG) and the data processing device (DVG) are connected to the packet switching network (PVN), and vice versa. EFFECT: provision for a new data receiver/source and an end device. 54 cl, 4 dwg


The data on low--transverse-energy jets obtained by the UA1 Collaboration in CERN SPS Collider experiments at c.m.-system energy 200 to 900 GeV are analyzed. It is observed that the low-E/sub T/--jet events and the ordinary minimum-bias events are closely related to one another. Their relationship can be described by standard statistical methods. In particular, the existence of a narrow peak in the multiplicity distribution of low-E/sub T/--jet events is a statistical effect caused by the small eta-phi window with E/sub T/ cut used in the selection of such events.


Genoa is, and always has been, a fragmented city. This condition originates on the one hand in its physical location and on the other in the nature of the genovese people. This results in an urban archipelago: a combination of smaller patches of city, functioning on their own, as independent systems. This, in combination with a distinct demographic shrinkage, will result in programmatic vacuums within the urban fabric, with the Lagaccio valley being a prime example. The project explores the role architecture can play in the reprogramming of this valley, while staying adaptable to the unsure nature of its future and of the city itself.


The hydrothermal reaction of As 2 O 3 , NaCl, and water in a mole ratio of 5:10:10:380 for 50 h at 150 o C yielded a dark blue solution, which upon standing produced blue-black crystals of Na 0.5 H 4.5 [As 3 Mo 12 O 40 ]-4H 2 O. The structure of the anion of [H 4 As 3 Mo 12 I 40 ] - consists of an α-Keggin core {AsMo 12 O 40 } capped on opposite {Mo 4 O 4 }faces by As(III) groups.


Multiple ischemic cerebral strokes as the first manifestation of pancreatic carcinoma are infrequent. In recent times the term Trousseau's syndrome must be reserved for unexplained thrombotic problems that precede or appear concomitantly with visceral malignancy. We report a case of 55year-old female with malignancy – related thromboembolism, presented with multiple and recurrent ischemic strokes, from a recently diagnosed pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the tail. We conclude that patients with multiple, repeated cerebral infarction, with minimal risk factors for stroke, must be further investigate for an underlying malignancy, possibly of


Hypervelocity launchers are used to study the high-pressure equation of state of materials in regimes inaccessible by other methods. Two-stage light gas guns have been extremely useful for these applications, but have a practical velocity limit of about 8--9 km/s for impact studies. In this paper, we describe a three-stage launcher consisting of a two-stage light gas gun combined with a third-stage railgun, which overcomes previous velocity limitations pertaining to two-stage guns. This launcher is being developed for operation to 15 km/s and has achieved projectile velocities of 7.2 km/s to date. 10 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.


Natural disasters caused by natural processes may lead to significant losses in terms of property and human lives. The timely collection of information about the damage caused by natural disasters is very important and can help reduce losses and speed recovery. Social media has become an important source of information for communication and dissemination of information in emergencies. Under such circumstances, inferring disaster events through the information available in social media will be very useful Satellite data has also been widely used to analyze the impact of natural disasters on the surface of the earth. In this paper, a detailed analysis of how social media and satellite imagery can be used to detect natural disasters is discussed.


Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy of solids in high magnetic fields can often provide new insight into the microscopic physics behind complex many-body behaviors [1].


Objective:  This prospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4% formalin dab in managing patients with refractory radiation proctitis.


OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates the biological effects of naringin (NAR) joint bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 on the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and expression of osteoblastogenic genes, such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), collagen Ⅰ (ColⅠ), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) of pre-osteoblasts.

METHODS
Three different NAR concentrations (10, 100, and 1 000 μmol·L⁻¹) were applied, alone or combined with BMP-2(50 ng·mL⁻¹), to restore the osteoblastogenesis of pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cell line). Cell numbers (proliferation) were evaluated at first, fourth, and seventh days by Alamar blue assay. ALP activity and the expression of osteoblastogenic genes, such as Runx2, ColⅠ, ALP, and OCN were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) at fourth and seventh day.

RESULTS
Stimulation by NAR alone and in combination with BMP-2 for 1 day and 4 days could promote cell proliferation, which peaked at a concentration of 100 μmol·L⁻¹ NAR combined with BMP-2 could promote cell proliferation significantly (P<0.05). Stimulation by NAR alone and in combination with BMP-2 for 4 and 7 days could promote ALP activity and bone-related gene(ALP, OCN, Runx2, ColⅠ) expression. ALP expression was significantly promoted after stimulation of 100 μmol·L⁻¹ NAR and BMP-2 (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
NAR exhibits promising potential for improving MC3T3-E1 proliferation and differentiation, and appropriate concentrations of NAR and BMP-2 show synergistic effect.
.


Summary In Tasmania, Australia, mechanised forest harvesting operations often use 'cording' to limit soil disturbance. This means logs are laid across the snig tracks, perpendicular to the flow of traffic, providing a rigid barrier between the machinery and the ground surface. At the conclusion of harvesting, the cording material is lifted using an excavator and burnt on site. This latter procedure enhances soil nutrition through the 'ash-bed' effect, whilst increasing the area of seedbed available for forest regeneration. To date, the efficacy of cording in protecting soil values remains largely untested. The shallow and stony nature of many forest soils, and the presence of logging residues and cording material along snig tracks, make the investigation of soil physical properties difficult. In response, this study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of cording by using forest regeneration (density of seedlings and seedling height) as an indicator of productivity along former snig tracks protected with cording. Available seedbed (%) and seedling form, including the incidence of browsing and disease, were recorded and key soil chemical properties (0–10 cm soil depth: organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus), were measured. In the absence of physical soil testing, the theoretical distribution and attenuation of machine loads by the cording are discussed. Forest regeneration along the former snig tracks was consistently inferior in quantity and quality compared to that of the untrafficked control areas. This was attributed largely to: (a) a reduction in the available seedbed (%) due to incomplete combustion of the cording material and retention of logging residues, both on the ground surface and mixed with the upper soil layers, and (b) poor growing conditions—the combined effects of lowered organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations along the former snig tracks. Operational recommendations based on this study include: (a) avoiding trafficking of bare ground during the construction of cording, (b) beginning with a layer of small—diameter material to help spread machine loads more evenly and (c) where appropriate, leaving permanent snig tracks.


Steering, a quantum property stronger than entanglement but weaker than non-locality in the quantum correlation hierarchy, is a key resource for one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution applications, in which only one of the communicating parties is trusted. A fine-grained steering inequality was introduced in (2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 050305), enabling for the first time the detection of steering in all steerable two-qubit Werner states using only two measurement settings. Here, we numerically and experimentally investigate this inequality for generalized Werner states and successfully detect steerability in a wide range of two-photon polarization-entangled Bell local states generated by a parametric down-conversion source.


This study seeks to survey and assess the preference, insights or views of the Chinese-Filipinos regarding business. It attempts to present the preferences or non-preferences of the respondents in the areas of study and its relevance to the community, to show a clearer picture of the Chinese-Filipinos in relation to business thus augmenting closer cooperation, expansion of understanding, and line of communication with Non-Chinese Filipinos. Analysis of the results may serve as an eye-opener for the public and private sector to initiate programs or actions for the creation of guidelines and policies for the awareness of those concerned.


In the title compound {alternative name: N′-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-N,N-bis[2-(4-nitrobenzylideneamino)ethyl]-1,2-ethanediamine}, C27H27N7O6, the three independent NCH2CH2N=CHC6H4NO2 fragments all exhibit different conformations, resulting from the different direction-specific intra- and intermolecular interactions experienced. The molecules are linked by a single C—H⋯O hydrogen bond into centrosymmetric R_2^2(26) dimers, which are linked by π–π stacking interactions into [111] chains and, more weakly, into (01\overline 1) sheets.


"Old age" matters, for the purpose of meaningful public response, as a special cluster of vulnerabilities arising through, consequent on, and particular to embodied oldness (in which the social and the corporeal are iteratively entangled). On this basis, a chronological marker for "old age" is incoherent ("old age" happens at different times for different people). The difficult legal question is how law (with its emphasis on certainty and consistency) can recognise and respond to "old age" understood as embodied and particularly situated; the author provides two models for doing so, in two different areas of law/policy where the invisibility of old age difference is problematic and where appropriate and effective response is possible.


Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype for which limited targeted therapies are available. Therefore, conventional chemotherapy remains the backbone of standard neoadjuvant treatment (NACT) for TNBC patients. Unfortunately, ~45% of patients will have substantial residual tumor burden post neoadjuvant chemotherapy, leading to poor prognoses (PMID: 28135148). Recently, it has been demonstrated that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) is upregulated and is a therapeutic vulnerability in chemoresistant TNBC (PMID: 30996079; Baek et al., BioRxiv doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.25.481996). However, mechanisms driving increased oxphos in chemoresistant TNBC are not understood. Upregulated fatty acid (FA) metabolism is a common adaptation in tumors, providing an energy source through fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), and promoting lipid accumulation after fatty acid synthesis (FAS) when energy needs are met. Chemotherapy can induce oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Cancer cells adapt to these damaging molecules by increasing de novo lipogenesis, resulting in the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in the cytosol (PMID: 32782526, 20876798). We hypothesize that TNBC cells metabolically adapt to the stress of NACT by upregulating lipid metabolic pathways, providing highly energetic molecules that can be utilized to drive oxphos in chemoresistant TNBC. Methods: Using orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of TNBC (PIM001-P, PMID: 30996079, HCI-010, PMID: 22019887; WHIM14, PMID:24055055), we are measuring protein levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in vehicle tumors vs residual tumors surviving treatment with the standard front-line neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens (Adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide (AC), docetaxel, carboplatin, or docetaxel+carboplatin) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Vectra 3 microscopy (Akoya) is being used to quantify tumor cell-specific staining. We complemented our IHC analysis with reverse-phase protein array (RPPA). To assess LD accumulation in residual PDX tumors, we conducted transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To complement these PDX studies, we modeled the residual tumor metabolic state in cultured human TNBC cells. Following treatment with the IC50 of standard chemotherapeutic agents (AC, carboplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel), we assessed oxphos by measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR) using a Seahorse Bioanalyzer (Agilent). Further, we tested LD accumulation using LipidTOX staining. In ongoing studies, we are measuring incorporation of 13C palmitate into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) prior to and following chemotherapy treatments to assess if lipids fuel mitochondrial metabolism in residual TNBC cells. Results/Discussion: IHC in the PIM001-P PDX model after in vivo AC treatment revealed increased levels of FASN in post-AC residual tumors compared to the treatment-naive tumors. Further, key proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis, FASN and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, were significantly increased in residual PIM001-P cells that survived AC compared to vehicle by RPPA. TEM analysis of the HCI-010 PDX revealed significantly more LDs in carboplatin-treated tumors compared to vehicle. This finding was supported by increased LDs observed in TNBC cell lines treated with NACT compared to vehicle in our LipidTOX analyses. Taken together, these data indicate that NACT induces increased expression of key lipid metabolism proteins and accumulation of cytosolic LDs. Our future experiments will reveal if chemoresistant TNBC cells preferentially utilize and incorporate lipids into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, in turn driving oxphos. These data have the potential to provide rationale for the incorporation of FAO/LD inhibitors in sequential combinations with conventional chemotherapies to more effectively kill TNBC cells that are chemo-refractory.
 Citation Format: Katherine E. Pendleton, Mokryun L. Baek, Junegoo Lee, Lin Tan, Hannah L. Johnson, Lacey E. Dobrolecki, James P. Barrish, Michael T. Lewis, Philip L. Lorenzi, Fabio Stossi, Gloria V. Echeverria. Lipid accumulation in residual triple negative breast cancer cells surviving chemotherapy treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-11-15.


It has been suggested that in infants born at term thoracic gas volume (TGV) may be more accurately estimated in a plethysmograph if end‐inspiratory (TGVI,) rather than end‐expiratory (TGVE,) occlusions are used. The aim of this study was to assess whether the timing of occlusion affected TGVI results in patients born very prematurely. Fifteen children with a median gestational age of 28 weeks (range 23–34) and postnatal age of 10 months (range 624) were studied. Measurements of TGV and airway resistance (Raw) were made in a whole body plethysmograph after sedation with chloral hydrate. End‐expiratory and end‐inspiratory occlusions were performed randomly in each subject. Overall, TGVI, was significantly lower than TGVE, (median, TGVI, 233 mL; range, 130–498. Median TGVI, 250 mL; range, 132–604; P < 0.05; 95% confidence intervals for the difference, 4–50 mL). In 13 infants, TGVI, was lower than TGVE, the remaining two patients did not differ significantly from the rest of the group and neither had neonatal chronic lung disease. In only five infants did TGVI, lie below the 95% confidence intervals of TGVE, however, two‐way analysis of variance with replicated measurements showed a significant difference between TGVI, and TGVE, (P < 0.05). The median Raw was 55 cmH2O/L/s (range, 36–71). A significant positive correlation was found between Raw and TGVE,‐TGVI, (r2 = 0.5, P < 0.01). We conclude that in children born very prematurely and with high Raw, occlusion at end‐expiration rather than end‐inspiration yields higher TGV results at follow‐up.Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:295–298 © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper, in the ventilation system of coal-fired power boilers can measure in real time the fan stall mechanism is all about. The fan stall guard system of boiler airing system of the class of 500MW capacity to protect fan. But because confidence is loosed and operation is influenced by frequent fault of fan stall guard system, confidence is improved by substituting DCS Logic for it.


As a participant in the above program, I recognize and acknowledge that there are certain risks of physical injury. I agree to assume the full risk of any injuries, damages or loss which I or my child may sustain as a result of such participation. I further understand that the Town of Somers, and the Somers Land Trust does not provide accidental medical coverage and it is my responsibility to provide appropriate coverage. I agree to waive and relinquish all claims and hold harmless the Town of Somers, and the Somers Land Trust, its officers, agents, and employees from any and all claims.


Distillation was the key process of high purity fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC) production.The characteristics of FEC purification were discussed.According to the experimental data,the operation pressure and theoretical stages were determined.The properties of FEC were estimated with Aspen Plus,and column structured,packing height,and diameter were recommended.


: In this project we constructed and evaluated research artifacts to support Search and Rescue (SAR) mission coordinators in planning searches for missing persons or objects at sea. An iterative heuristic based optimization model was formulated and implemented in a prototype that is integrated in a Decision Support System. Using representative examples, we show that the new planning method can help coordinators with the complex task of allocating search resources to search areas in a way that maximizes the chances of finding survivors quickly. Although developed for the Canadian Coast Guard, our method can be used in other countries. We followed Design Science Research guidelines and our design process was according to the Design Science Research Methodology. The research entry point was client and context initiated and beta testing with users is planned in the spring of 2019. It is expected that our innovative artifacts will contribute to improving the SAR system and saving more lives.


Daniel Alati provides an analysis of the legal, political and cultural perspectives and settings of both Canada and the UK in respect to counterterrorism legislation. Based on research conducted fo...


the rule of Dharma. To overcome these problems, Ambedkar launched a movement for awakening Dalits, launching protests and struggling for power. Eleanor Zelliot discusses Ambedkar's work for the education of the downtrodden and for their empowerment. J.P. Mishra notes that political power is the solution of the Dalits' problems. In Ambedkar's scheme for the social transformation of Dalits, Yogendra Yadav sees three instruments, viz., use of state power, progressive legislation and spread of education. Regarding the post-Ambedkarian movement, Anand Teltumbde identifies the tendencies towards greed and betrayal among the Ambedkarites as the main factors responsible for the present state of the movement.


The present invention relates to an inductor manufacturing method using a system-in-package, in the manufacturing method of the inductor, (a) forming a first through-hole by patterning the silicon substrate, and depositing a barrier metal on the first through-hole interior wall then, forming a first through-hole and planarized by embedding the metal material; (B) depositing an insulating film on a silicon substrate on which the first through-electrode is formed, and forming a second through-hole and an inductor hole by patterning the insulating film to be in the first through hole and Huh; (C) forming the second through-hole and the second through-electrode and an inductor by depositing a barrier metal on the inner wall of the inductor hole, filled with metal material and planarizing; And (d) comprises the steps of to a lower surface of the silicon substrate where the first through-electrode exposed and depositing a protective film on the insulating film, through the back-grinding (Back Grind) process. According to the present invention, by providing the inductor manufacturing method using a system-in-package, it is possible to simplify the design and processing of the RF device, it is possible upset of the inductor library. Semiconductor, an inductor, a system-in-package, through-holes, through-hole


The management system of hotel and restaurant of SAI "IT Park" was researched in the article, the strong and weak points of the complex, its opportunities and threats in the environment were also identified. A joint analysis of these factors allowed us to formulate strategic alternatives and the strategy of development of complex management model. Socio-economic assessment of the interventions effectiveness by management system improvement of hotel and restaurant business in the SAI "IT-park".


Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is a disease that affects both men and women, primarily young adults, being characterized by hair loss in a wide area of the scalp, which may also compromise the facial hair, eyebrow and perineum. As a result, normally circular alopecic plaques are formed, with smooth skin and no inflammatory signs, which may stimulate a spontaneous regrowth or to cause a progression to a full extension of the scalp (total alopecia) or to a full body (universal alopecia). It is established that the AA pathogenesis is genetic-related and associated with autoimmune factors and/or emotional stress. Objective: The aim of this research was to review the epidemiological, clinical, genetic, autoimmune and psychological aspects involved in alopecia areata process. Moreover, we presented a case-report treated at the Dermatologic Department of the University Hospital Gaffree e Guinle, in order to improve the scientific knowledge in diagnosis and treatment of AA.


BACKGROUND: Testing for drug-dependent antibodies (DDA) is traditionally performed in test tubes either with drug-treated RBCs or in the presence of drug. Gel microcolumn and solid phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) methods were evaluated for detection of DDA with and without drug. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty-nine frozen DDA samples tested by tube methods were selected. Samples were tested with untreated RBCs without drug and in the presence of their identified drug by SPRCA and gel. RBCs treated with drug were tested by gel. RESULTS: Gel showed similar reactivity to tube methods while SPRCA tests were weaker or negative. Thirty-five samples were positive by tube in the presence of drug, 34 by gel and 28 with SPRCA. With drug-treated cells, 22 samples were positive by both tube and gel; SPRCA was not tested. Without drug added, 9 were positive in tube, 13 in gel and 5 in SPRCA. CONCLUSION: Gel was comparable to tube methods for detection of DDA by testing in the presence of drug and with drug-treated cells while SPRCA was less sensitive for detection of some DDA. Gel increased detection of antibodies without added drug. INTRODUCTION Drug – Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia (DIIHA) is a rare complication that has been estimated to occur in about one in 1 million individuals. It is characterized by a sudden drop in hemoglobin in a patient following the administration of the putative drug. Some cases present with mild hemolysis while others can be quite severe or even fatal. Serologic evaluation of these patients can be challenging. It is important to be able to distinguish if the hemolytic episode is caused by a drug and to confirm the presence of the drug-dependent antibody. Cessation of the offending drug will generally resolve the hemolytic episode. Testing for drug-dependent antibodies has been based primarily on two methods. Drugs may bind covalently to the red cell membrane and by treating normal RBCs with drug, the antibody can be demonstrated. The second type of drug-dependent antibody can be detected when the offending drug is present in soluble form in the test system either as the drug itself or a metabolite of the drug. Most serologic investigations of DIIHA are based on test tube methods.. Only a limited number of studies were found where gel technique was compared to tubes for the identification of DIIHA and none were found where Solid Phase Red Cell Adherence (SPRCA) was used. Many institutions in the United States have moved to either gel or solid phase systems for the routine detection of antibodies in patient samples. This study compared gel and SPRCA against conventional tube techniques to determine if these methods are able to detect drug-dependent antibody in the presence of drug. In addition, an investigation of how drug-treated RBCs tested by gel would compare to tubes was performed. This study also evaluated if there would be a change in the number of patient samples that would be reactive without the addition of drug to the test system using gel or SPRCA as compared to tube testing. A positive IAT on the initial serologic testing could give the appearance that hemolysis was caused by an autoor alloantibody. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frozen, archived samples from patients with drug-dependent antibodies (DDA) previously confirmed by test tube methods were selected based on the volume of sample available for testing. Drug-dependent antibody testing was performed based on methods used in the original investigations. Fifteen different drugs were implicated. Antibiotics were the majority of drugs tested. Twenty-three samples involved cephalosporins and 13 samples were linked to penicillin and/or penicillin derivatives. There were seven samples where non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were implicated and the remaining drugs, quinine, probenecid and oxaliplatin, had only a small number of samples available for this study. (Table 1) Drug–dependant antibodies identified in the presence of drug (IPOD) Powdered drug was dissolved in 6% albumin at a concentration of 1mg/mL. Patient samples were tested undiluted (neat) or with either the dissolved drugs or 6% albumin, as a dilution control, in equal parts. Samples were evaluated using the testing systems listed below. Control samples were serum obtained from a normal donor known not to react with the drugs in question as well as a pool of six donor AB plasmas tested for non-reactivity with the indicated drugs. • Tube Method Two drops of sample (patient or control) plus either two drops of drug solution or 6% albumin were incubated with untreated RBCs for 30 minutes at room temperature, incubated for 60 minutes at 37°C and after four washes with saline, polyspecific Anti-Human Globulin (AHG) was added to the dry cell buttons to perform the Indirect Anti-globulin Test (IAT). Cell buttons were dislodged gently and results recorded. All samples negative at IAT were then confirmed by using IgG-coated RBCs. One of the patient samples required the use of diclofenac urine metabolite as the source of drug. Urine was collected from an individual taking a therapeutic dose of diclofenac. The urine was centrifuged for 3-5 minutes and the supernatant removed. The pH was adjusted to 7.4. Samples were aliquoted and stored at -20°C until required for testing. • Gel (MTS Anti-IgG CardTM , Ortho Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ) with Untreated Red Cells Microcolumns containing gel and anti-IgG were utilized. Red cell suspensions of 0.8% from 2 different type O donors were made in MTS-Diluent 2TM. Each sample (patient, control serum or pooled AB plasma) was tested against both donor cells. In each respective gel microcolumn, 50 μL of cell suspension was added to the upper chamber and 25 μL of sample was added to the red cells. For drug studies, either 25 μL of appropriate drug suspension or albumin (control) was also added to the microcolumns. The columns were incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C then centrifuged at 893 rpm for 10 minutes. Reactions were graded according to manufacturer's directions. • Solid Phase Red Cell Adherence (Capture-R® Ready-Screen® I and II, Immucor-Gamma, Norcross, GA) Manufacturer's pre-made stripwells were utilized in testing. Each sample (patient, control serum or pooled AB plasma) was tested against both antibody detection wells unless the patient had an alloantibody matching the antigen profile in a particular well. Two drops of LISS were added to each test and control well. One drop of sample without drug was tested as well as one drop of sample and one drop of either drug solution or albumin (control) added to respective wells. Strips were incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C in a dry heat incubator. Wells were decanted and washed using an automated washer. After the final wash, 1 drop of indicator cells was added to each of the wells. Stripwells were centrifuged for 2 minutes at 530xg. Wells were then viewed for reactivity using a light box. Positive reactions displayed adherence to all or part of the reaction surface and were graded according to the manufacturer's instructions. Positive and negative test controls were provided by the manufacturer. Drug Dependant Antibodies detected with Drug Treated Cells O Negative (e-positive) red blood cells from donor pilot tubes were selected to serve as the negative control and for coating with drug. Powdered drugs were dissolved in barbital buffer (pH 9.6) at 300 mg/mL. The red blood cells were washed with normal saline and 0.5mL of the packed cells was mixed with 7.5 mL of drug solution. The cell-drug mixture was incubated for 60 minutes at room temperature with gentle agitation. The cells were then washed 4 times with normal saline. An aliquot of untreated washed cells was used as the normal control. • Tube Method Patient samples were tested against the drug-treated red cells and untreated cells by incubating at room temperature for 15 minutes, at 37°C for 30 minutes and by IAT. • Gel Method A 50 μL aliquot of either drug-treated or untreated cells was added to the anti-IgG gel microcolumn and then 25 μL of sample was added. The columns were incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C then centrifuged at 893 rpm for 10 minutes. Reactions were graded according to manufacturer's directions. Random samples were selected to have serial dilutions made in 6% albumin and were tested against untreated and drug-treated cells. We chose at this time not to test SPRCA with drug-treated red blood cells as to the uncertainty of the cells' ability to coat the wells or for the drug to remain bonded to the cells. Therefore, with drug treated cells, we only compared the tube results to the gel system. RESULTS Forty-nine patient samples were tested with their previously identified putative drug. Tube testing results were taken from the patient historical files. Samples were tested in the same method as the original work: 28 were tested only in the presence of drug, 14 were tested only with drug treated cells and 7 were tested by both methods. Drug–dependant antibodies identified in the presence of drug (IPOD) Thirty-five samples were studied in the presence of the respective putative drug. All 35 samples tested had historical positive results when tested by tube IAT. There were 34 samples that tested positive in gel (97%); one sample was negative with cefotetan. Only 28 of 35 samples (80%) were positive using SPRCA. (Table 2) Negative control samples were non-reactive in both gel and SPRCA. Reactivity using tubes and the gel system was greater as compared to SPRCA when tested with certain drugs. In the presence of diclofenac-metabolite, quinine and most notably with ceftriaxone there was greater disparity of reaction strength. Most samples (5/7) were 4+ in tubes in the presence of ceftriaxone, 6/7 were 4+ in gel while by SPRCA testing they were primarily in the 1-2+ range. With both pipercillin and Zosyn®, reactivity was weaker for some samples and non-detectable in others by SPRCA.


This report develops: (1) a refined approximate theory for the static and dynamic analyses of finite, laminated, composite, circular cylindrical shells with general boundary conditions; (2) an exact three-dimensional analysis of simply supported, laminated, composite, circular cylindrical shells, and (3) a thin-shell theory for laminated, composite, circular cylindrical shells. In the refined approximate theory the displacements are assumed piecewise linear across the thickness and the effects of transverse shear deformations and transverse normal stress are included. A variational approach is followed to obtain the governing differential equations and boundary conditions. A general solution of the governing differential equations is also presented. The results obtained by using the refined approximate theory and the thin-shell theory are compared with the exact results for the case of free vibrations of simply supported, laminated, composite, circular cylindrical shells. The refined approximate theory is very accurate, even for thick shells with short nodal distances, whereas thin-shell theory is reasonably accurate only for thin shells at moderate nodal distances and wave number less than 2.


The aim of the paper is the analysis of the development of electricity management in households using modern information technology - Smart Grid. The experiences of the countries which are crucial for the global economy, such as China or the USA, prove that Smart Grid can be used not only in business but also it can be applied in households. Due to the significant share of households in the use of electricity, combining them into a network using modern IT is to optimize the flow of energy in accordance with the current consumption, providing an opportunity of household management. The application of Smart Grid is also another step in the development of the concept of information society and it can enable the transition to a sustainable power system.


The effect of manipulating source competence, locus of control, and social cues on perceivedjob scope was examined in an experimental study. A total of 185 business students participated in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial research design. The design partitions were: task level (enriched versus unenriched), social cues (positive versus neutral), source competence (high versus low), and locus of control (high versus low). Subjects were screened on a locus of control measure such that those either in the upper or lower third score range were eligible to participate. A threeway interaction was found, involving source competence x social cues x locus of control on perceivedjob scope. The results of this study are discussed in temzs of the Social In$omtion Processing Approach (SIPA) to task design.


Recent discoveries of higher harmonic cyclotron emissions in aurora occurring under daylight conditions motivated the modification of radio receivers at South Pole Station, Antarctica, to measure fine structure of such emissions during two consecutive austral summers, 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. The experiment recorded 347 emission events over 376 days of observation. The seasonal distribution of these events reveals that successively higher harmonics require higher solar zenith angles for occurrence, as expected if they are generated at the matching condition fuh = Nfce, which for higher N requires higher electron densities which are associated with higher solar zenith angles. This result implies that generation of higher harmonics from lower harmonics via wave‐wave processes explains only a minority of events. Detailed examination of 21 cases in which two harmonics occur simultaneously shows that in almost all events the higher harmonic comes from higher altitudes, and only for a small fraction of events is it plausible that the frequencies of the fine structures of the emissions are correlated and in exact integer ratio. This observation puts an upper bound of 15–20% on the fraction of emissions which can be explained by wave‐wave interactions involving Z mode waves at fce and, combined with consideration of source altitudes, puts an upper bound of 75% on the fraction explained by coalescence of Z mode waves at 2fce. Taken together, these results suggest that the dominant mechanism for the higher harmonics is independent generation at the matching points fuh = Nfce and that the wave‐wave interaction mechanisms explain a relatively small fraction of events.


Security analyses of quantum cryptographic protocols typically rely on certain conditions; one such condition is that the sender (Alice) and receiver (Bob) have isolated devices inaccessible to third parties. If an eavesdropper (Eve) has a side-channel into one of the devices, then the key rate may be sensibly reduced. In this paper, we consider an attack on a coherent-state protocol, where Eve not only taps the main communication channel but also hacks Alice's device. This is done by introducing a Trojan horse mode with low mean number of photons $\bar{n}$ which is then modulated in a similar way to the signal state. First we show that this strategy can be reduced to an attack without side channels but with higher loss and noise in the main channel. Then we show how the key rate rapidly deteriorates for increasing photons $\bar{n}$, being halved at long distances each time $\bar{n}+1$ doubles. Our work suggests that Alice's device should also be equipped with sensing systems that are able to detect and estimate the total number of incoming and outgoing photons.


This article aims to give an update on the use of positron emission tomography in prostate carcinoma. Carbon-11 labelled choline and acetate seem to be the most useful tracers for this tumour. Lymph node metastases >5 mm can be detected and located with 11C-choline PET. It can also localise recurrent tumour upon biochemical failure after curative treatment with radiotherapy. This role for 11C-choline PET seems unclear in the follow-up after radical prostatectomy. The prognostic value of PET in advanced prostate cancer requires more research.


It analyzed the origin of "flat" concept from the view of both user and product,and made a comparison between the flatten and hierarchical interface design on mobile phone,concluded the advantages of the flatten interface,and then provided the strategy for mobile phone interface design based on the flat concept.


Abstract : Noise levels inside military helicopters generally exceed noise exposure limits established by DOD Instruction 6055.12, "Hearing conservation" (1991). Noise levels in helicopters with higher load capacities such as the CH-47, CH-46, and H-53 are extremely high and sometimes exceed the helmet's capability to provide adequate hearing protection for crewmembers. Noise compromises communication because of inadequate speech signal to noise ratio at the ear (Mozo, Murphy, and Ribera, 1995; Ribera et al., 1996; Mozo and Murphy, 1997; and Staton, Mozo, and Murphy, 1997). Use of combination protection, earplug in addition to the helmet, does provide the necessary hearing protection, but further compounds the problems associated with communications capability. While active noise reduction (ANR) provides exceptional low frequency hearing protection, it does little or nothing to improve protection for frequencies above 800 hertz. A U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL) report (Mozo and Murphy, 1997) shows ANR does improve speech intelligibility when worn alone, but both hearing protectiOn and speech intelligibility are degraded when worn with ancillary equipment such as spectacles and chemical biological (CB) mask. Aircraft modification, system cost, lateral impact, weight, and others factors should be evaluated carefully when considering the use of ANR in the helicopter environment. The communications earplug (CEP) shown in the figure is a device which incorporates a miniature earphone with foam earplug and can be worn in combination with the aviator's helmet. Calculations show the CEP provides adequate hearing protection for 8 hours duty even in the high noise levels found in the H-53. The device also provides voice communication intelligibility which approaches asymptotic limits near 100 percent in those high noise environments. The system is lightweight, cos


This article investigates the distributed prescribed‐time formation control problem for the second‐order multi‐agent systems (MASs) subject to matched and mismatched disturbances in time‐varying formation case. As a stepping stone, novel distributed estimators are first proposed to accurately estimate the position and velocity information of the leader within prescribed time. Subsequently, the nominal control protocol is presented for the MAS in the absence of the disturbances to deal with the time‐varying formation control problem, and the prescribed‐time stability of the system is guaranteed. For system subject to matched and mismatched disturbances, the observer‐based integral sliding mode formation control protocol is then presented such that the desired trajectories can be tracked and the desired patterns can be achieved within the prescribed settling time. By adopting the sinusoidal function to the control scheme, the singularity‐like problem is solved if there exist measurement errors in the agents. Finally, a numerical simulation example utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles modeled by Simscape and Solidworks is presented to show the efficiency of the proposed scheme.


Fractures can significantly influence the behavior of reservoir porosity and permeability, resulting in numerous dry wells and higher production costs. In some cases, fractures can dominate storage and flow mechanisms within the reservoir, and in other cases, they can create barriers. 3D converted wave (PS-wave) surveys provide complimentary surface-seismic information to help identify fracture properties early in the production history of a reservoir. Based on azimuthal anisotropy measurements, PS-waves indicate fracture density and strike, and are also sensitive to fracture dip because of their asymmetry. These large-scale properties will be critical for solving specific production problems associated with different fractured reservoir types and could improve reservoir modeling: production-history matching, and fluid-flow simulation. From an economic point of view, if affordable multicomponent surveys prevent a small fraction of unproductive wells, then they are worth the expense.