Today's vehicles are more innovative and connected than ever and will continue to be so as innovation in the automotive industry keeps moving forward. With this connectivity, remote vehicle hacking becomes a greater threat as it has been proven as a capable approach of altering the functions of a vehicle in motion. This threat creates a heightened concern in the software security development of vehicles. This study will attempt to introduce an additional platform, to the already used inhouse penetration testing, for detecting software security vulnerabilities through a hackathon in collaboration with the HoliSec project conducted by the Viktoria Institute. Through a qualitative design science approach and completion of two regulative cycle iterations, artifacts and templates for setting up a hackathon for software security vulnerability detection in the automotive domain were designed, constructed and evaluated. Keywords—software security, vulnerabilities, automotive industry, hackathons


Affective Computing is the computing that relates to,arises from,or deliberately influences emotions.Its goal is to put the intelligent ability of identify,understanding,expression and adapting to the computer.Psychologists considered that the emotion and feeling are the especially important factors in learning.In this paper,a harmonious human-computer emotion teaching model based on affective computing is proposed to resolve the problem of emotion deficiency between the computer and users.It can realize individualized teaching according to the background of the learner and can recognize the learner 's affective expressions,and adjust the teaching strategies dynamically to the learner's affective expressions.This paper describes the implementation of the model,and analysis the key technologies.


This dissertation focuses on scheduling strategies that achieve fast turnaround in open, dynamic, and large scale peer-based desktop grid. The challenges are two-fold: How does the scheduler quickly discover idle cycles in the absence of global information about host availability? And how can faster turnaround time be achieved within the opportunistic scheduling environment? Thus, our research is focused on two components of a peer-based desktop grid system: (1) fast scalable resource discovery and (2) application scheduling for fast turnaround.
We first describe a general peer-based desktop grid architecture. CCOF (Cluster Computing on the Fly). All of our research is based on this open, scalable, autonomous architecture.
Resource discovery is used to find available hosts in the peer-to-peer overlay network. We are the first to conduct a comprehensive study of generic resource discovery methods in dynamic peer-based desktop grid systems. We found that the rendezvous point algorithm performs best under both light and heavy workloads because of its high success rate and consistently low message overhead.
We capitalized on the features of structured overlay networks to design two innovation rendezvous point selection schemes. SORPS (Structured Overlay Rendezvous Point Selection) selects a group of rendezvous points in a structured overlay network, with the goals of a balanced load among rendezvous points and low latency access from ordinary peers to rendezvous points. We then introduced virtual rendezvous points, which, in contrast to SORPS, do not utilize any physical nodes for resource discovery. Instead, we encode resource information in each node label, creating a RAON (resource-aware overlay network).
We designed a new peer-to-peer infrastructure called WaveGrid which uses a timezone-aware RAON for fast resource discovery and migration from heavily loaded host to lightly loaded host to improve throughput. We evaluated the performance of WaveGrid using a heterogeneous host CPU profile based on statistical data derived from the BOINC volunteer computing system. The simulation results show that WaveGrid outperforms other systems with respect to turnaround, stability and minimal impacts on hosts.


In article the toolkit of strategic planning of enterprise activity is investigated. Methods of the strategic analysis are examined in details and recommendations concerning each method are made.


To solve the limitation that the hydraulic resistance coefficient in recoil brake is set to a constant value in traditional calculation model of gun recoil,a new method of movement simulation of gun recoil based on collaborative simulation of MATLAB and FLUENT was proposed.The recoil movement of gun and hydraulic pressure in recoil brake were calculated separately by MATLAB and FLUENT,which improves the accuracy of the coefficient.The simulation results are more accurate compared with firing test results and traditional engineering calculation results.The result indicates that the proposed method has higher accuracy,and it provides a new method for the calculation of hydraulic resistance in recoil brake.


This paper presents a Train Communication Network simulator (TCNS) that can be used to evaluate the performance of TCN. TCN was accepted as the standard of the protocol for the communication network in trains. We carry out some simulation tests using the TCNS to show practical uses of the simulator. Results of some simulation tests are also reported.


A major area of growth within deep learning has been the study and implementation of convolutional neural networks. The general explanation within the deep learning community of the robustness of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) within image recognition rests upon the idea that CNNs are able to extract localized features. However, recent developments in fields such as Natural Language Processing are demonstrating that this paradigm may be incorrect. In this paper, we analyze the current state of the field concerning CNN's and present a hypothesis that provides a novel explanation for the robustness of CNN models. From there, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by presenting novel deep CNN frame interpolation architecture that is comparable to the state of the art interpolation models with a fraction of the complexity.


Finding an internal variable that characterizes the effects of change in the mesoscopic structure of soil and can be nondestructively measured simultaneously with stress and strain during the entire compressive process is an intriguing problem for geotechnical engineers and researchers. In this study, the geoelectrical resistivity technique, combined with a mechanical test, was applied to explore the stress–strain–electrical evolution properties of lateritic soil during the entire process of uniaxial compression. Complete testing data were obtained for the stress–strain and resistivity–strain curves. Results show that both curves for each specimen were identified by six distinct stages. The effects of initial water content and dry density were analyzed and indicated that soil failure patterns and initial electrical resistivity are significantly influenced by the initial water content. The initial electrical resistivity of lateritic soil decreases when the dry density increases. Electrical resistivity was regarded as an internal variable to characterize information on damage change. Damage-evolution equations were proposed; these equations include three variables, namely, stress, strain, and electrical resistance, as well as data-fitting parameters (c, d and β).


UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) units and batteries are essential subsystems in data centers or telecom industries to protect equipment from electrical power spikes, surges and power outages. UPS units handle electrical power and dissipate a large amount of heat, and possess a high efficiency. Therefore, cooling units (e.g., CRACs) are needed to manage the thermal reliability of this equipment. On the other hand, battery operating conditions and reliability are closely related to the ambient temperature according to battery manufacturers; reliability increases when the ambient room temperature is around 25°C. This study analyzed different room configurations and scenarios using the commercial CFD software 6Sigma Room DCX™. As a first approach, we evaluated the thermal behavior and cooling degradation using standard thermal performance metrics SHI (Supply Heat Index) and RHI (Return Heat Index). These are frequently implemented in data centers to measure the level of mixing between cold and hot air streams. The results from this evaluation showed that standard cooling practices are inefficient, as values for the two metrics differed considerably from industry recommendations. We also considered a metric from the second law of thermodynamics using exergy destruction. This technique allowed us to find the mechanisms that increase entropy generation the most, including viscous shear and air stream mixing. Reducing exergy destruction will result in lessening lost thermodynamic work and thus reduce energy required for cooling. Typically, UPS and batteries are located in different rooms due to the hydrogen generation by the batteries. The integration of both equipment in the same room is a new concept, and this study aims to analyze the thermal performance of the room. Adding controllability showed improvements by reducing the exergy destruction due to viscous dissipation while slightly increasing thermal mixing in the rooms. Ducting the return flows to avoid flow mixing increased pressure drop, but reduced heat transfer between the hot and cold air streams, which in turn, improved the thermal performance. In the study, we determined the optimal configuration and possible strategies to improve cooling while maintaining desirable battery temperatures.


Although music videos feature prominently in the media diets of many adolescents, little is known of their impact on viewers' conceptions of femininity and masculinity. Accordingly, this study examines the impact of both regular and experimental music video exposure on adolescent viewers' conceptions about gender. Across two testing sessions, 152 African American high school students completed survey measures assessing their regular media usage and gender role attitudes, and later they were exposed to either four stereotypical music videos or four nonstereotypical music videos and responded to additional measures examining their attitudes about gender. As expected, more frequent music video viewing was associated with more traditional gender role attitudes and with assigning greater importance to specific stereotypical attributes. Similarly, students exposed to videos laden with gender stereotypes expressed more traditional views about gender and sexual relationships than did those who had viewed less stereotypical content.


An Ethernet MAC OAMP Control sublayer is provided for supporting SDH/SONET OAMP standard functionality in Ethernet Networks (Figure 5, element 518). In accordance with one embodiment, an Ethernet MAC OAMP Control sublayer is provided for processing Ethernet MAC OAMP Control frames. The MAC OAMP Control sublayer provides support for aMAC OAMP Client (Figure 5, element 505) to implement all of the SDH/SONET OAMP standard functionality. The MAC OAMP Control frame (Figure 5, elements 50 IB and 501D) provides support for SDH/SONET OAMP on Ethernet networks. The Network Equipment can use the MAC OAMP Control frames to communicate with the downstream and upstream Network Equipment about various OAMP events, requests, performance parameters, communications channels, maintenance, and test functionality.


The PHENIX experiment has measured the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v2, the second harmonic of the azimuthal distribution, for electrons at mid-rapidity (|η|<0.35) as a function of transverse momentum (0.5<pT (GeV/c)<5.0) in Au+Au collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\) =200 GeV. From the result we have calculated the non-photonic electron v2, which is expected to reflect charm quark azimuthal anisotropy, by subtracting the v2 of electrons from other sources such as photon conversions and Dalitz decays.


The research aims at analizing the imfluencing factors of universitas muhammadiyah
Yogyakarta student' dexision to use sharia banking. The sample of this research consisted of 100
respondents chosen using proportional random sampling method. The method used was multiple
linier regression and data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0. Based on the conducted analysis.
Partial result indicates that the variable of ususry perception, service facility, product variety and
knowledge give positive and significant influence toward the decision of the students to use
sharia banking.


An image registration algorithm which achieves subpixel accuracy using a frequency-domain technique is proposed. This approach is efficient compared with the conventional approaches based on interpolation or correlations in the spatial/frequency domain. This approach can achieve subpixel accuracy registration even when images contain aliasing errors due to undersampling. The FFTs (fast Fourier transforms) of the images have computational complexities smaller than the interpolation or convolution computations by orders of magnitude. The accuracy of the proposed approach is demonstrated through computer simulations for different types of images.<<ETX>>


Linewidth measurements from 77 to 300°K and room‐temperature off‐resonance effective linewidth data at 9 GHz show that the microwave losses in ultralow‐loss Ca–V–In substituted YIG and Ca–Ge–In–YIG are completely resolvable in terms of known processes and that only a small part of the loss is due to anisotropy broadening. For the lowest linewidth of 2 Oe observed to date (Ca–Ge–In–YIG), about 0.5 Oe is due to rare‐earth impurities, 0.9 Oe is from porosity broadening, and 0.2 Oe is from anisotropy. The remaining 0.4 Oe contribution is comparable to expected ``intrinsic'' single‐crystal linewidths.


PURPOSE: An LED-integrated image pickup device module for a mobile phone is provided to compose a small-sized camera module by reducing the number of connectors to be installed in the camera. CONSTITUTION: A camera lens(113) for focusing an image of an object is mounted at an upper end of a housing(111), and a space part(112) is formed therein. An iris filter(118) controls light quantity of the image focused from the camera lens(112). The camera lens(113) is mounted through a lens holder. An image sensor(114) is die-bonded and wire-bonded at an upper surface of a PCB(115). The PCB(115) is connected to a connector(117) through an FPC(Flexible Printed Circuit Board)(116). An LED(120) is integratedly formed with a camera module(110) and mounted on the PCB(115).


Barrier coverage indicates the capability of a deployed wireless sensor network to detect intruders crossing the sensing field, and it has been widely studied in recent years. Most of the existing works are asymptotic and focusing on the critical conditions (sensor density, sensing radius, etc.) to achieve barrier coverage. However these results are not very useful in practice since the sensing field generally has finite region. Also, the critical conditions may not be adequate for making deployment decisions if sensor cost and deployment cost are taken into consideration. In this paper we analyze the probability of achieving connected barrier coverage on a finite narrow band while sensors with given sensing/communicating radius are randomly deployed with given density. Moreover, we apply our analytical result and propose a cost efficient deployment strategy that uses minimal number of sensors to achieve connected barrier coverage within at most k iterations. Both the correctness of the analysis and the performance of the proposed deployment strategy are evaluated via simulations.


Collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm is the most successful e-commerce recommendation method in use now,but collaborative filtering algorithm also has some problems such as data sparseness and lack of individuation,these problems affect the efficiency and accuracy of recommendation algorithm.For the above problems,we propose the method of introducing Web log analysis,and utilize user clustering technology as well as related technologies,which not only solve the problem of data sparseness but also improve the accuracy of recommendation.


The incoherent orbital angular momentum (OAM) radio waves can be used to transmit different information on the same frequency and have a great potential in wireless communication system. However, it needs a large aperture size to receive and demultiplex the orthogonal OAM waves due to the amplitude null in the beam centre and the beam divergence. An improved receiving scheme named partial aperture sampling receiving (PASR) is proposed to solve this problem. The theoretical analysis of PASR is first presented and simulations of OAM radio communication link are carried on to evaluate the performance of PASR. The effects of some non-ideal receiver conditions, e.g. radial deviation and angular deviation on the PASR scheme and the superiority of PASR are explored. These simulated results will give a helpful guide on the manipulation of practical OAM-based wireless communication systems.


Numerical simulation is carried out to study a 2D evaporating meniscus formed on a moving wall. The complete Navier-Stokes equations along with continuity and energy equations are solved. The liquid vapor interface is captured using the level set technique. The meniscus is fed with saturated water from the top whereas the bottom wall is maintained at a higher temperature and is also imparted with a velocity. The meniscus attains a steady shape when all the incoming liquid gets evaporated due to heat transfer from the wall. The advancing and receding contact region of the meniscus are provided with different contact angles. Results indicate that the average heat flux at the meniscus base increases with increase in contact angle. The primary reason for heat transfer from the wall is attributed to the liquid circulation inside the meniscus and the corresponding transient conduction from the wall. As the meniscus contact angle increases the liquid circulation is found to disturb the thermal boundary layer more effectively thereby resulting in increased wall heat transfer. The effect of contact angle on wall heat transfer to the moving and evaporating meniscus is compared to partial nucleate pool boiling.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


LMR spectra for v =1←0 transitions of 14 N 16 O in X 2 П 1/2,3/2 states were observed at 5.6 ?m and 5.4 ?m of CO laser. Introducing the advanced isotopic molecular constant scaling function to Hund's case (a) diatomic structure model, these spectra were analyzed and fitted together with all reliable previous spectral data of 14 N 16 O as well as 14 N 17 O and 14 N 18 O. A full set of precise molecular parameters and their vibrational dependencies have been determined with much higher precision (1-2 orders for most parameters). Many of them have been obtained for the first time. Using isotopic scaling function, the molecular constants of 14 N 17 O and 14 N 18 O were deduced.


Elderly patients who have a myocardial infarction in the United States are more likely to survive if they are admitted to a hospital identified by a popular American magazine as "one of America's best hospitals," according to a study assessing the veracity of the annual ranking (New England Journal of Medicine 1999;340:286-99, 309-10).

The study looked at 60 US hospitals that had each been identified at least once in the past …


A swimming crab is one of the most economically important edible marine crabs in the East Asia area,and it is widely distributed in the coastal waters of China,Japan and Korea.To assess the level of genetic diversity and genetic variation of swimming crab populations along China coasts,the species from the six geographical populations from China Sea(Dalian,Dongying,Lianyungang,Zhangzhou,Zhoushan and Zhanjiang)were studied based on mitochondrial D-loop whole gene sequences.There were 1 141 bp,185 variation sites and 129 parsimony informative sites in D-loop whole gene sequences.And there were 48 haplotypes among 60 swimming crab individuals.Nucleotide diversity index and Haplotype diverstity index together revealed a high genetic diversity and low selective effect for swimming crab populations in China Sea.The genetic differential index FST of total six populations was 0.189 72,which meant that the genetic differentiation among populations was moderate and significant(P0.05)and the inferred differentiation time was about(196.8-260.5)×103 years.Low gene flow indicated that there were genetic differentiations among the fifteen groups,except between LYG and DY,ZJ,ZZ,respectively,in addition between ZJ and ZZ(Nem5).Especially,there were pronounced levels of genetic differentiation between ZS and the others and a moderate genetic differentiation between DL and LYG,DY,ZJ and ZZ,respectively.The genetic distance had no significant correlation with geographical distance,so there may be more intricate reasons in population occurrence and spread.


The localization method has been developed to control linear and nonlinear objects. It is widely used, because it has adaptive properties, which contribute to its widespread use. One of the essential steps of this method consists in setting of the desired equation of the closed system. This equation determines the dynamic error of the system, i.e. the deviation of its output from the prescribed value during the transient process. The order of the system and the controller together define the desired order of this equation. The coefficients should be set based on the requirements for dynamic errors, which most often are typical. Therefore, it is logical to expect that the coefficients of the desired equations are also typical, but they are not. Each researcher uses his method of selecting these coefficients. The reasons for these methods are not always sufficiently justified. Development of science-based and, therefore, a reliable way of solving this problem would solve it once for the all times, so that not resolve it further. It would have saved the researchers of excess labor for this choice and would enhance the quality of the result, if the choice would be optimal. This paper offers not only the methodology of the choice with numerical optimization of the corresponding filter coefficients based on adequate criterion, but also gives the results of this procedure for the most frequent cases of the characteristic equations corresponding to the order from the second to the sixth. If necessary, this technique can be extended to higher order. Numerical simulations confirm the results.


In the recent two decades the technique of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) experienced an unprecedented progress through the introduction of hardware aberration correctors and by the improvement of the achievable resolution to the sub-Ångström level. With this development, also the required precision level to measure and adjust the optical properties of transmission electron microscopes has become increasingly demanding. A second important aspect of this development, which has received little attention so far, is that aberration correction at a given resolution requires also a well-defined amount of instrument stability. Therefore we investigate the qualification of a variety of high-resolution electron microscopes to maintain an aberration corrected optical state in terms of an optical lifetime.


Introduction Low dose methotrexate treatment (10-25 mg./week) is today considered the first choice disease-modifying agent (DMARD) for adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate (MTX) has proven to be a safe and effective drug with relatively few side effects. Being a folate antagonist, MTX was originally designed for use in the treatment of malignancy. From the oncological practice, where MTX is used in high doses (500-1500 mg. repeatedly), there have been reports on an increased risk of spontaneous fractures and osteopathy. From this reason, ongoing anti-rheumatic MTX treatment is often discarded preand postoperatively when orthopedic surgery is performed in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Many times this will cause a flare up in the disease activity, leading to increased pain, joint stiffness and thus problems during the rehabilitation period. However, when used as a DMARD in RA, the impact of MTX on bone metabolism, fracture healing and prosthesis in growth is not well understood. The aim of the present study therefore was to assess the early process of fracture healing during low dose MTX treatment, in an experimental fracture model. The evaluation included histomorphometrical analysis of new bone formation and an assessment of the local inflammatory reaction, using immunostaining of tissue macrophages.


The light-diffusing plate portion a plurality of the hollow formed in the plate are provided. The hollow portions are parallel to each other in height in the light-diffusing plate. The hollow portion can be reduced in weight, the plate is formed in the plate efficiently.


Based on time density framework,the operating process and mechanism of family farmers' social network were analyzed. The operating process of social network of a household farmer was constructed by the time density composite frame. The information recommends and sorts the differences and environmental situations recognized by the stakeholder and compared with their former experience,thus further dispose the uncertainty of production. In the context of urban-rural integration,through this mechanism,household farmers identify and gather together production and management risk information scattered in urban and rural areas,and then realize multi-level,multi-angle risk option swaptions operation. Family production constructed by this type of relationship brings family farm management much stability.


Background: Sleep is emerging as an important factor that impacts dietary habits, physical activity, and metabolism. However, minimal attention is typically given to sleep in traditional lifestyle interventions. The purpose of these analyses was to examine baseline associations between sleep and physical activity and perceived barriers to healthy eating, which are two common lifestyle intervention targets, in a sample of apparently healthy adults enrolled in a behavioral weight loss intervention study. Methods: 150 overweight adults (51.1±10.2 y; 91% female; 79% Caucasian) participated in a 12-month lifestyle intervention that featured adaptive ecological momentary assessment. Sleep, physical activity, barriers to healthy eating and body habitus/composition were assessed prior to the intervention. Objective sleep was estimated with 7 days of wrist-worn actigraphy (Philips Actiwatch 2); sleep onset latency (SOL; the amount of time it takes to fall asleep after going to bed), sleep efficiency (SE; the perce...


Abstract In this paper we report typical calculations of the variations in the deformation energy, interaction energy and orientational pattern of + 1, - 1, +½ and -½ singularities in the neighbourhood of a nematic-smectic transition in CBOOA. We find the interaction between +½ and -½ singularities to increase much more rapidly than that between + 1 and - 1 as the smectic point is reached, indicating that the former have a greater probability of annihilating each other near the transition.


The fossil fuels have negative effects on the environment thus in last years the concern about the supplies of petroleum has increased, therefore the implementation of renewable energies is a necessity, these energies also have to be economic and environment-friendly. The biofuels, are environment-friendly energy that can be obtained from renewable sources as corn, lignocellulose, citrus peel, or from the lipids of microorganism as cyanobacteria, genetically modified bacteria Escherichia coli and yeast as Yarrowia lipolytica and Rhodosporidium toruloides . Both yeasts have the capacity to accumulate 70% of lipid in dry biomass, unlike Y. lipolytica , the R. toruloides accumulate carotenoids, a kind of terpenoid with many applications in pharmaceutics and food industries. Moreover, this yeast has the ability to metabolize a variety of sugars as glucose, xylose, mannose, and sucrose, while the yeasts Y. lipolytic and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are unable to metabolize the pentose xylose. The R. toruloides also can tolerate variations in temperature and pH reason why is one of the yeast more explored to achieve the production of biomolecules as lipids and terpenoids, from which is possible to obtain biofuels and biofuels additives. The biofuels obtained from yeast, due to its origin, are classified as biofuels of third generation, and energetic and structurally are similar to fossil fuels, therefore some isoprenoids are used in the aviation industry and can be used for diesel engines. In this review, we describe some properties of the isoprenoids as precursors of biofuels and additives.


This paper presents a complete analysis of electromagnetic losses including AC copper losses, iron losses and PM losses when the brushless AC PM machine is driven by PWM. Firstly, 2D finite element analysis (FEA) has been used to calculate the electromagnetic losses at rated operating and full load-maximum speed points as the studied machine is equipped with no-segmented PM array. An electromagnetic loss test has been carried out to verify that the 2D FE calculation is reliable. Finally, 3D FEA has been employed to consider the segmented PM rotor assembly as an optimized design feature.


Multi-drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as tuberculosis that is resistant to at least 2 anti-microbial agents, Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RMP). Real-time PCR method has been developed to identify mutations related to the resistance with benefit of sensitivity and time effectiveness. This study aimed to compare two diagnostic tests between Real-time PCR using a Dual Priming Oligonucleotide by Anyplex TM plus MDR-TB Detection and a standard drug susceptibility testing using BACTEC TM MGIT TM 960 System. One hundred and thirty-eight sputum obtained from laboratory of the Office of Disease Prevention and Control 4th, Ratchaburi were cultured for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and then undergone the standard drug susceptibility testing. After that they were tested for resistance to INH and RMP by Real-time PCR using Anyplex TM plus MDR-TB Detection. The Real-time PCR system for detection of INH, RMP resistance and MDR-TB showed 95.2%, 100% and 94.0% sensitivity, 98.7%, 97.6% and 98.9% specificity, 97.1%, 98.6% and 97.1% accuracy, 98.4%, 96.4% and 97.9% positive predictive value and 96.1%, 100% and 96.7% negative predictive value, respectively. The average turnaround time was 1 day for Real-time PCR and 26 days for BACTEC TM MGIT TM 960 System. In conclusion, Real-time PCR method could detect MTB and the drug resistance-related mutations with higher sensitivity, higher specificity and better turnaround time. Therefore, Real-time PCR method may aid determination of proper treatments for tuberculosis patients.


A controllable submersible system which, in one variant of the system, involves a modified wheelchair 1 which allows its occupant to descend into, and ascend out of, water, and to travel in the water, at various depths, or on the surface of the water. According to the present invention, a wheelchair is provided with a propulsion means P1, P2 and a steering mechanism for controlling the orientation of the wheelchair and the descent into, and ascent out of, a body of water. The steering mechanism may include one or more hydroplanes GP1, GP2 attached to modified footrests FP1, FP2 of the wheelchair. One embodiment comprises modifications made to a typical wheelchair in order to allow the fitting of propulsion units and controls therein, and to allow flexible movement in various directions in water under full control of the occupant of the wheelchair. A further embodiment enables the wheelchair to be remotely operated by someone other than the wheelchair user.


Metal and Magnetism 2018 Page 17 To get homogeneous nanoparticles (NPs), the protein (apoferritin) cavity has been utilized as a reaction chamber. A protein shell served as a template to restrain particle growth and as a coating to prevent coagulation between NPs. Apoferritin is an iron storage protein found in many biological species, known to mineralize several metal ions in vitro. It is a hollow, spherical protein composed of 24 subunits (L-chain and H-chain), with outer and inner diameters of 13 nm and 7.4 nm, respectively. Here, we report synthesis of magnetite crystal (Fe3O4) nanoparticle in the apoferritin cavity. Magnetite containing apoferritin is known as magnetoferritin, and its magnetic properties and applications were reported many times. However, crystallinity of these nanoparticles was not exactly controlled. Native horse spleen ferritin (contains about 15% of H-chain) or recombinant human H-ferritin was used for these experiments. H-chain has Fe (II) oxidation site and thus oxidation occurs very quickly at each oxidation site in the cavity. In this reason, synthesized nanoparticles were amorphous or polycrystalline. We have used recombinant L-chain apoferritin which lacked Fe (II) oxidation site and oxidation proceeds slowly. Utilizing slow oxidation process and magneticcolumn chromatography purification process, we succeeded to obtain magnetite NPs with nearly single crystal domain which expected to have high T2 relaxivity in MRI and high efficiency for hyperthermia therapy. We extended the N-terminus of the apoferritin subunits, which exposed to the external surface of the molecule, with peptide chain having specific binding ability to the cancer cell. Combining high quality magnetite nanoparticles and cancer cell specific apoferritin, this magnetoferritin would show high potential for cancer treatment Biography


The chlorobis(N-alkylsalicylideneaminato)manganese(III) complexes, MnIII(N-Rsai)2Cl, react with hydrogen chloride to give the corresponding dichloromanganese(IV) complexes, MnIV(N-Rsai)2Cl2, as deep green crystals; R can be n-C3H7, n-C4H9, i-C4H9, n-C6H13, c-C6H11, n-C8H17, n-C12H25, n-C18H37, CH2C6H5, or CH2CH2C6H5. These complexes were characterized by the magnetic susceptibilities, electronic spectra, infrared spectra, and cyclic voltammograms. The complexes (R=n-C12H25 and n-C18H37) are found to be stable toward water in the solid state. A trans, six-coordinate configuration is proposed for these Mn(IV) complexes on the basis of the infrared spectra.


KDDML is a middleware language and system for knowledge discovery. The challenge that motivated the development of a distributed version of the originally "stand-alone" KDDML (KDD Markup Language) environment was on one side to exploit the parallelism, and on the other side to overcome the problem of data immovability, a quite frequent restriction on real-world data collections that has principally a privacy-preserving purpose. The last question is addressed by moving the code and "mining" the data "on the place", that is by adapting the computation to the availability and localization of the data.


The small white cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae (L) is one of the most serious insect pests infesting cruciferous plants especially cabbage.Comparison between thepotency of certain chemical and safe alternative compounds in reducing, P. rapae larval populations in the field was the corner stone of this investigation.


Abstract : The colour test is a test for chemical stability that can be applied to many of the nitrocellulose propellants stabilized with ethyl centralite. A spectrophotometric method has been developed for carrying out this test and for the preparation and checking of the associated standard colour solutions. Good agreement has been obtained with the method relying on visual comparisons. However, as visual comparisons of colour intensity are operator dependent and are more difficult at high intensities the spectrophotometric method is considered to be superior. The satisfactory matching of results with those of Materials Research Laboratories for identical propellant samples has established consistency of colour number determinations following transfer of gun propellant surveillance work to Weapons Systems Research Laboratory.


We report here the prenatal diagnosis of Smith–Lemli–Opitz (SLO) syndrome in the first trimester by direct measurement of 7‐dehydrocholesterol (7‐DHC) in a chorionic villus (CV) biopsy. The proband was diagnosed clinically at birth and the diagnosis was confirmed biochemically by demonstrating elevated 7‐DHC in plasma. The family pursued prenatal diagnosis in their fourth, fifth, and sixth pregnancies. The fourth pregnancy spontaneously miscarried at 9 weeks' gestation. Analysis in both direct and cultured curetting tissue (identified as similar to CV tissue) showed an abnormal tissue neutral sterol pattern with an elevated 7‐DHC concentration. The fifth pregnancy also miscarried spontaneously at 9 weeks but no tissue of unequivocal fetal origin could be identified to allow biochemical investigation. In the sixth pregnancy, ultrasound examination at the time of CV sampling showed a thickened nuchal fold. Direct analysis of the CV sample revealed elevated levels of 7‐DHC consistent with the diagnosis of SLO. The pregnancy was terminated and both fetal tissue and cultured fetal cells showed marked increases in 7‐DHC, confirming the prenatal diagnosis. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This article looks at a psychotherapist's lessons learned at the intersection of trauma and antisocial behavior in 20 years of working in American prisons, forensic hospitals, and trauma centers. Typically, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) presents as an anxiety disorder with the symptom triad of avoidance, reexperiencing, and hyperarousal. Therapy can proceed once some level of safety has been achieved. But many potential patients do not have a safe space for the work to proceed. Instead, they are living in conditions of ongoing exposure to trauma that has been variously described as complex PTSD and continuous traumatic stress. Anxiety would hardly be adaptive for survival in this environment and, in fact, the symptom picture is often dominated by anger, aggression, and callousness. When these potential patients are found in jails, prisons, and hospital emergency rooms, their outward presentation, instead of centering on anxiety, can appear more like conduct disorder or even criminal psychopathy. They may have been victims, but they frequently have also been perpetrators of violence. These patients need and deserve a trauma-centered treatment, but exposure therapy is hardly appropriate for someone who is experiencing ongoing traumatic conditions. Therapy can proceed, however, and be successful, but the techniques that the therapist uses may be quite different from those found in other settings. A theory of how trauma connects to antisocial presentations will be described, and some of the lessons learned in working with this population will be shared.


The activity of zinc oxide catalysts, prepared by calcinations of zinc oxide, zinc acetate and zinc carbonate (by precipitation) at 600 ℃, for synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC) through alcoholysis of urea was studied. The experimental results showed that addition of sodium methoxide into the reaction system remarkably enhanced the yield of intermediate methyl carbamate, which indicated that the reaction was followed a two-step mechanism. Influence of different factors on alcoholysis of urea catalyzed by zinc oxide in the presence of sodium methoxide were investigated.


Focused on a large number of Miao and Dong genealogies from the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China collected through fieldwork, the present study is to make a survey of the activities of Miao and Dong clans in the lower reaches area of the Qingshui River in the Qing Dynasty in terms of ancestral hall constructions, genealogy compiling, immigrant memories, ancestor worship and so on. It is concluded that the clan system centered in Confucian ethics was not only the general strategy of orthodox cultural identity construction of the indigenous clans of the marginal social communities in the area, but also an important tool of the royal state to implement its enlightenment policy and to maintain the social order of border areas in the Qing Dynasty.


WN11 inbred line of maize was breeded Shuang 168 ms male sterile line of Shuang cytoplasmic with method of back crossing. Estimated traits of field and scaned on microscope indicated that the male sterility of pollen and the stability of Shuang168 ms of maize is reliable. Xi 18 male fertile line of Shuang cytoplasmic of maize which were breeded with the method inbreded and estimated fruitfulness of tested crossing, crossed from male sterile of Shuang 168 ms and Xi 18 restorer,the degree of restoration of male fertile of F 1 is 100 percent. The test in several locations indicated that Shuang 168 ms ×Xi 18 single cross hybred was compared with its hybred of same combination of normal cytoplasmic, and its grain yield has a little increase. In this way, It is possible that The Xinong 11 hybrid of male sterility in Shuang cytoplasmic can be used in corn prodution.


We report on a high repetition rate noncollinear optical parametric amplifier system (NOPA) seeded by a cavity dumped Ti:Sapphire oscillator. The pump pulses for parametric amplification are generated via soliton generation in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber with a subsequent fiber-based amplification stage and are therefore synchronized. The system is capable of producing high energy ultra-short pulses at repetition rates up to 2 MHz.


The excellent immediate response of many depressive states to ECT is well established, but unfortunately relapse is common. Pare (1968) noted that it was becoming increasingly common for anti-depressant drugs to be given concomitantly with and after ECT in order to prevent relapse, but there appear to be only two reports bearing on the value of this procedure. Seager and Bird (1962), in a blind trial, followed up 28 ECT treated depressives and found that the six month relapse rate was markedly lower in those who received imipramine after discharge (17 per cent) compared with those on placebo (69 per cent). Imlah et al. (1965), in a study of 124 patients, found that a relapse rate of about 50 per cent within six months of ECT when used alone was reduced by over one half when ECT was combined with and followed by either imipramine or phenelzine, but their trial was not conducted blind. The after-care of depressed patients is so important, particularly in view of the risk of suicide, that further evidence seemed desirable.


Professor Navakanta Bhat at the Indian Institute of Science Bangalore and chair of the 2003 SSCS Outstanding Chapter, knows the value of chapter activities. The attendance at local events has ranged from 30 to 300, with an excellent balance between industry and students.


Scrotal calcinosis is a rare benign condition defined as the presence of several calcified nodules within the scrotal skin. Its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. We hereby report a case of massive scrotal calcinosis which progressively developed for 12 years with a 57-year old patient with no evidence of calcium and phosphorus metabolic disorder. It was a fortuitous finding during a consultation for complete urine retention. We shall discuss the pathological anatomy and therapeutic aspects.


In 1922, Leri and Joanny 1 described a new type of hyperplastic bone lesion which is confined to a single extremity, extending from one end to the other in a linear track but usually leaving a few unaffected areas along the course. The term "melorheostosis" is derived from the Greek (μ[unk]λος, limb; ρ[unk]ω, flow) and means "flowing hyperostosis of a limb." The disease was independently described three years later by Lewin and McLeod, 2 as an osteosclerosis. Other terms applied by early writers on the subject were "osteosis eburnisans monomelica" 3 and "osteopathia hyperostotica congenita (unius membri)." 4 PATHOLOGY The disease is characterized by proliferation of ivorylike new bone in the cortical areas. The lesions may assume different forms in different parts of the extremity, sometimes resembling osteoma, at other times suggestive of spurs, periostosis, calcinosis, or osteoplastic malignant conditions. When the proliferative process has caused considerable expansion, the hyperplastic


Every education student should try to have skills of writing Chinese characters beautifully. Now many students have a misunderstanding of Chinese calligraphy,so their Chinese handwriting skills are not satisfactory.It will be a reliable way for students to copy calligraphy samples to improve their handwriting skills.


The paper mainly raises some important questions about marketing and its role in society. The great thing about American capitalism and freedom is that our economy produces a very large variety of products and services. Our stores are well-stocked with food, appliances, furniture, electronics and everything you can imagine or wish for. We don't have laws stopping any products from being made, as long as they don't poison people, or pose a health or safety problem. This sounds like good news.


The purpose of this research is to better understand learning outcomes essential for college students to be effective entry-level healthcare facility managers, establishing a healthcare FM education framework to further open FM academic programs as a sustainable source of new talent for the healthcare FM industry.

 A Delphi method was used for this research to draw upon the collective knowledge and experience of 13 experts over three iterative rounds of input. Phone interviews were also employed.

 This study shows that gaps exist in student learning outcomes for a comprehensive healthcare FM education; key technical topics specific to the healthcare industry are not being addressed by organizations accrediting construction and facility management academic programs. Many of these student learning outcomes could be readily combined into existing learning outcomes or used to develop a comprehensive healthcare FM education covering accreditation, regulatory and code compliance, infection control, systems in healthcare facilities, healthcare construction project management and methods, and clinical operations and medical equipment. Interestingly, academics in the field of FM generally disagree with industry professionals that these technical topics are important student learning outcomes. Consequently, FM academics prefer to teach students general FM principles with the expectation that specific technical knowledge will be gained in the workplace after graduation from college. Nevertheless, candidates attempting to enter healthcare FM without industry specific knowledge are disadvantaged due to industry perceptions and expectations. University-industry linkage must be improved to successfully attract students into the field of healthcare FM and open colleges and universities as a sustainable recruitment source in helping address FM attrition.

 This paper is valuable in establishing a healthcare FM education framework to elucidate college student learning outcomes upon graduation for successful employment as an entry-level healthcare facility manager. These student learning outcomes provide a framework for healthcare FM education to be used by industry and academia in preparing future professionals.


Human Genetics Alert is a secular watchdog group which is not opposed to research on embryos or embryonic stem cells. We would support a ban on the creation of animal/human hybrid embryos for the following reasons: (1) the proposed experiments are of little scientific value; (2) we oppose the creation of embryos purely for purposes of research and (3) the strong public concerns about the unnaturalness of creating human/animal hybrids is valid and must not be ignored. Banning such research would have a positive effect upon UK stem cell research, since scarce research funding and the time of top scientists would not be diverted onto research of very little value. In its report, we urge the committee to present a more balanced and accurate account of the proposed research than the misleading account its proponents have put forward, and to move the ethical debate on the status of embryos on to the ethical middle ground upon which the law is based.


Objective To summarize the clinical experience of laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer.Methods From August 2009 to May 2012 clinical data of 36 cases of laparoscopic radical resection of rectal carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.Results All of the operations were successful,no conversion to open surgery,operation time 170~280 min,average(200±15)min.Intraoperative bleeding was 60~200 mL,an average of about(120±15)mL.There were no ureteral injury,anastomotic leakage,anastomotic stricture,incontinence and other complications.The average length of hospital stay was(12 ±1)d.Conclusion Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer is safe and feasible.Which has advantages of wide vision,minor trauma,faster postoperative recovery,less complications,shorter hospitalization time etc.


The article tries to analyze the culture barrier in the process of interpretation and gives the corresponding strategies to improve the effects of the interpretation practice.


In the film The Microchannel Plate the following items are dealt with: the principle of electron multiplication by secondary emission; channel plate manufacture; microchannel plates applications. The applications shown in the film are: Image intensifiers; high-speed photo graphy, X-ray imaging; high-speed oscilloscopy; particle counting and detection of short light events; improvement of sensitivity of a field ion microscope. In this paper these subjects are discussed in the same order as in the film. It provides information additional to the film, with reference to the relevant literature. All illustrations are taken from the actual film copy.


Objective To investigate the changes and clinical value of serum homocysteine(Hcy)and cystatin C(CysC)in pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH).Methods The clinical data of 118 patients with PIH in our hospital from October 2010 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed,including 32 cases of mild PIH,49 cases of moderate PIH and 37 cases of severe PIH.In addition,55 normal pregnant women during the same period were selected as the control group.The enzymatic cycling method and the colloidal gold immune turbidimetry were adopted to detect the serum Hcy and CysC levels and the detecting results were compared between the two groups.Results The systolic blood pressure in the control group,mild PIH group,moderate PIH group and severe PIH group were(122.38±10.29),(154.32±12.11),(177.19±14.29),(188.37±15.49)mm Hg respectively,the differences among the above groups were statistically significant(P0.05);the levels of serum Hcy and CysC in the PIH groups were all significantly higher than those in the control group(P0.05),moreover which in the severe PIH group were significantly higher than those in the mild and moderate PIH groups,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05);the positive correlation existed between the levels of Hcy and CysC with blood pressure(r0,P0.05).Conclusion The serum Hcy and CysC levels are positively correlated with the systolic blood pressure,which has the higher value for the clinical diagnosis of PIH.


War has had a powerful impact on the film industry. But it is not only wars that affect films; films influence war-time behavior and incisively shape the way we think about the battles that have been waged. Robert Eberwein brings together essays by scholars using a variety of critical approaches to explore this film genre.


Optical fiber geomembrane is a new seepage materials,built-in optical fiber to geomembrane is significant on stress distribution,the change rule of optical fiber geomembrane overall intensity is to be study.So the paper will discusses the geomembrane fiber reinforcement effect,and analysis in the distance change fiber membrane for its mechanical parameters influence by numerical simulation method.Thus obtained the corresponding conclusion: fiber is laid in a composite geomembrane that improves the strength of the composite geomembrane and reduces the deformation of the composite,meanwhile,combined with optical fiber temperature sensitivity,suggestting that fiber interval is 0.6 m.


To screen Wusan Granule anti-tumor related target gene using cDNA microarray technique, both mRNA from Lewis lung carcinoma tissues treated by Wusan Granule and untreated control are reversibly transcribed to prepare cDNA probes which are labeled by Cy5 and Cy3. Then, the probes are hybridized to the mice cDNA microarray type MGEC-20S. After hybridization, the cDNA microarray is scanned by ScanArray 3 000 scanner and the data is analyzed by ImaGene 3 software to screen the differentially expressed genes. There are 45 differentially expressed genes including 18 known genes and 27 unknown genes between the two groups, and among them, 20 elevated genes and 25 reduced genes are identified. Additionally, the genes related to invasion and metastasis of malignant carcinomas are down-regulated and the genes related to apoptosis are up-regulated. The cDNA microarray technique is a high-throughput approach to screen the Wusan Granule anti-tumor related target genes, which allow us to explore the molecular biological mechanism on a genomic scale.


High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is a cornerstone of frontline therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) [1]. For patients with an identical twin, syngeneic transpl...


The thermally initiated decomposition of K2S2O8 radical initiator coupled with EPR spin trapping represents a very powerful source of reactive free radicals which can be effectively used to initiate and to monitor various radical processes, as we were able to demonstrate in the characterization of the antioxidant properties of wine samples. The spin trapping agent α‐phenyl‐N‐tert‐butylnitrone (PBN) is a very effective trap, but with low selectivity. 5,5‐Dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO), which has higher selectivity and a very pronounced dependence of adduct formation on the temperature (the formal activation energy of ·DMPO–OH formation is 81.1 kJ mol−1), offers more advantages. In pure aqueous solutions, formation of the ·DMPO–OH adduct dominates. In mixed water–ethanol solvents, carbon‐centred DMPO radical adducts are increasingly evident with higher CH3CH2OH ratios, and at very high ethanol ratios the formation of ·DMPO–OOR adduct prevails. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


For a prime power $q$ and a positive integer $n$, we say a subspace $U$ of ${\mathbb{F}_q^n}$ is {\em cyclically covering} if the union of the cyclic shifts of $U$ is equal to $\mathbb{F}_q^n$. We investigate the problem of determining the minimum possible dimension of a cyclically covering subspace of $\mathbb{F}_q^n$. (This is a natural generalisation of a problem posed in 1991 by the first author.) We prove several upper and lower bounds, and for each fixed $q$, we answer the question completely for infinitely many values of $n$ (which take the form of certain geometric series). Our results imply lower bounds for a well-known conjecture of Isbell, and a generalisation theoreof, supplementing lower bounds due to Spiga. We also consider the analogous problem for general representations of groups. We use arguments from combinatorics, representation theory and finite field theory.


Several different measures of stock price volatility over the period from March 1885 through October 20, 1989 indicate that volatility has not increased substantially if one looks at the entire period, and that volatility today is much less than it was in the 1930s. This holds true whether one considers daily movements within a decade, monthly movements within a decade or daily movements over the whole period. Daily market volatility in the 1980s has been greater than in any decade since 1950. However, volatility was unusually low in the 1950s and 1960s. Furthermore, the increase in daily volatility in the 1980s disappears when volatility is measured as month-to-month percentage changes. Our perception of volatility is a function of the benchmark used to make comparisons and the time period over which volatility is measured.


patient was encouraged to get up. Eight hours after the initial suppository a tablet of neoantergan (100 mg.) was administered, and on the second day this was repeated at 8 a.m. and a tablet of " phenergan " (25 mg.) was given at -6 p.m. It was unusual to have to carry on treatment for more than three days. In children the same routine was followed, aiming at a fluid intake of 2 to 3 pints (1.1-1.7 litres) of fluid in the first 24 hnours. Initially a neoantergan suppository (50 mg.) was given, followed by pulv. ncoantergan (25 mg.) three times a day. Out of 100 consecutive cases of severc sea-sickness treated in this way only two vomited after the first suppository (one being a foreigner whose language I could not speak, and whether or no she followed my directions I cannot tell). The average duration of vomiting prior to medication was 36 hours. Of the 100 passengers treated 80% were females, 20% males. Of these, 20% sought advice following the failure of hyoscine medication, and 7% following failure to retain dramamine tablets. Apart from some drowsiness, I came across no complications.


In this article, a joint Radio Access Network selection strategy and a sub-channel resource allocation scheme are introduced, where the downlink of a two-tier HetNet system is deployed in a co-channel deployment. With this scenario in mind, a Semi Markovian Decision Process based-model is proposed to find an optimal policy for user association the channel allocation, where the long-term expected reward is maximized. For the proposed strategy, the sub-channel allocation is only considered for those new and handoff petitions that potentially can be allocated in one of the SCs. In addition, with the aim to contribute to the enhancement of the overall usage of radio resources, a traffic offloading process is considered at the departure of the sessions. In order to motivate the session offloading from the MC to the SCs at departure times, we have defined that two sub-channels will be allocated in the SC for each offloaded session. Analytical results quantify and show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.


The most disturbing symptom of Meniere's disease is recurrent aural vertigo-sudden violent paroxyms of vertigo and falling, followed by nausea and vomiting. The vertigo varies in intensity and duration. The deafness, tinnitus, hyperacusis, distortion of sound, diplacusis and caloric hypo-excitability occur in varying combinations and varying degrees. The deafness, which is subject to sudden fluctuations, involves the low and high frequencies, with diminished bone conduction. The tinnitus is usually a low-pitched, roaring sea-shell noise, with a second, less disturbing, high-pitched ring. At times the tinnitus is like the hum of noisy machinery. Extreme general distress and acute discomfort in the affected ear result from loud sounds (subway trains, passing trucks, rattle of table silver or crockery, or high-pitched radio). The patient often hears the same tone at a different level in the two ears. Caloric stimulation of the affected labyrinth gives much less than normal responses as to vertigo, nystagmus, and past-pointing, especially of the vertical canals." Sometimes caloric hypo-excitability is present on both sides, but more marked on the manifestly affected side.


Exponential smoothing was adopted for the predication of deep displacement in foundation pit.The smoothing coefficient α was selected based on the minimum value of cumulative sum of variance.The monitoring data obtained from 3# hole with clinometer at the depth of 20 m was predicted and analyzed by using exponential smoothing.The maximum error obtained is 0.41 far less than specified value,showing a good prediction effect.Based on the comparison between the mean absolute error and mean square error for the predicted results obtained at the depth of 15 m and 20 m of 3# hole,it is found that the prediction for the depth of 15 m has a bigger error than the depth of 20 m,so the prediction for the depth of 20 m is more precise.


In this Paper many CBD examples are selected from both famous global cities around the world and big cities inside China . Characteristics of land use and transport Planning in these CBD are compared and analyzed ,as well as of commute trips . Finally , some measures are implemented to improve the existing transport planning for the Changsha CBD traffic problems .


DENNIS J. WEBER II: Effectiveness and Efficiency of a Customized Versus Conventional Orthodontic Bracket System (Under the direction of Dr. Lorne Koroluk) The goal of this investigation was to compare the clinical effectiveness and efficiency of a customized versus a conventional orthodontic bracket system. Pre-treatment and post-treatment diagnostic records of 11 patients treated with conventional brackets and 35 patients treated with Ormco ® 's Insignia TM appliance were analyzed. Initial PAR and age at start of treatment were used to ensure comparable groups. Data regarding total treatment time, number of scheduled appointments, emergency appointments, de-bonded brackets, repositioned brackets and/or detailing bends, final PAR, and ABO score was collected and compared. Insignia TM proved to be an effective tooth-moving appliance based on final PAR score. Further, cases treated with Insignia TM had superior ABO scores compared to the similarly treated cases with conventional brackets. Insignia TM was also more efficient in regards to total treatment time and number of scheduled appointments. Dr. Phillips for her insight and advice as well as her expertise regarding statistical analysis for this project. Dr. Tung Nguyen for his input and counsel as well as the inspiration for this project. Debbie Price for all her assistance with data input. Drs. Sarver and Kozlowski for their generosity in allowing me to analyze their clinical cases; without which this project would not have been possible. Jim Sickles and Dr. Andreiko for their time and support on this project. My family for all their love, support, and guidance over the years.


Coevolution can be used to adaptively choose the tests used for evaluating candidate solutions. A long-standing question is how this dynamic setup may be organized to yield reliable search methods. Reliability can only be considered in connection with a particular solution concept specifying what constitutes a solution. Recently, monotonic coevolution algorithms have been proposed for several solution concepts. Here, we introduce a new algorithm that guarantees monotonicity for the solution concept of maximizing the expected utility of a candidate solution. The method, called MaxSolve, is compared to the IPCA algorithm and found to perform more efficiently for a range of parameter values on an abstract test problem.


The condition number of a numerical problem measures the sensitivity of the answer to small changes in the input. In their study of the complexity of Bezout's theorem, M. Shub and S. Smale prove that the condition number of a polynomial system is equal to the inverse of the distance from this polynomial system to the nearest ill-conditioned one. Here we explain how this result can be extended to underdetermined systems of polynomials (that is with less equations than unknowns).


The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of air-polishing on implant abutment surface using different abrasives powder: sodium bicarbonate and amino acid glycine. Fifteen grade III machined surface titanium disks with 8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were divided in three groups of five samples each and subjected to air polishing for 20 seconds with Ultrajet Flex air-abrasive device and distinct prophylaxis protocol: G1) air and water, G2) air, water and sodium bicarbonate, and G3) air, water and amino acid glycine. After the air-polishing, the average roughness (Ra) of the samples was measured by using an optical profilometer and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. It has been found that G1 and G3 had similar Ra, whilst Ra values for G2 were significantly higher. This study demonstrated that the air polishing powders containing glycine affected less the roughness of the surface of titanium disks when compared to sodium bicarbonate powders. Future in vivo studies will be conducted to investigate the clinical relevance of the present results.


To examine the association between age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in a population of older women.


The effect of steel fiber and coupling treatment on the mechanical properties of steel fiber polymer concrete(SFPC) was studied.The shearing strength,compressive strength and bending strength were increased by adding steel fiber to polymer concrete(PC).The best amount of steel fiber in SFPC was 19.8kg/m~3.


In this follow-up article to her paper in the December 1994 issue of Industry and Higher Education, Kathryn Packer summarizes and assesses the views of industrial liaison (IL) staff and university researchers on the activities in UK universities that are designed to promote academic-industry relations in general and increased revenue through patenting in particular. She also looks at the government policy instruments intended to facilitate and speed up these changes. The paper explores the perceptions IL staff have of the changes that have taken place in their own institutions with regard to patenting, what forms of contact they currently have with research staff and what the role of the Department of Trade and Industry sponsored technology audits has been in promoting these links. The author then discusses IL staff's recommendations for future policy activities and changes in the law relating to intellectual property rights.


Abstract Simple cells in the primate visual cortex provide a form of generalized, pre‐cognitive mapping of visual scenes. One point in space is represented by several orientation‐specific cells capable of signalling both standing contrast and contrast changes in the scene. The arrangement of simple receptive fields (with a few antagonistic subregions) suggest analysis of scenes both in terms of symmetrical and antisym‐metrical spatial components (i.e. lines and edges) and spatial‐frequency contents. There is no evidence that this analysis is carried out within fixed areas (or patches) since a diversity of receptive field sizes was observed. A chromatic content is probably analysed by a different class of cells with concentric, cone‐opponent receptive fields.


Liliana Raquel Trindade Oliveira vii Abstract Currently, composite materials have become an advantageous option compared to conventional materials due, in large part, to the high specific strength and stiffness, so there is a significant increase in their use. The fracture mechanisms of a laminated composite material are however numerous and complex. Delamination is the most relevant for the structural instability and therefore important to understand and predict.. Thus, this dissertation is focused on the phenomenon of delamination in DCB specimens (Double Cantilever Beam), requested in Mode I loading. The objectives of this study are develop a numerical model for prediction of delamination in mode I (DCB specimens), identify the numerical parameters, optimize the numerical model and make its validation with experimental results, and also identify the physical parameters and study the effect of its variation. The numerical model was optimized through a mesh refinement study, concluding that it is important to have 30 elements in the damage zone ahead of crack. The predictions obtained with the optimized model were compared with experimental results, we observed a good agreement, which validated the numerical model. Physical parameters were identified and a sensitivity analysis was done and it was observed that the thickness of the sample is the most relevant parameter, then the initial crack length. It was then made a study on the effect of different physical parameters.The thickness increases the maximum load, but decreases the total energy dissipated. The increased thickness significantly increases the size of the damage zone (SCZ) and the speed of propagation of crack, the / (dδ). Two regimes were identified during the loading of DCB specimen. In a first stage there is damage accumulation ahead of the initial crack. In a second step the crack starts its propagation, which occurs with decreasing speed.


A method of quantitative analysis for emamectin benzoate by HPLC has been studied. Conditions were as follows: column, 250 mm×4.6 mm stainless steel packed with Kromasil C18, 5μm; mobile phase, 8% H2O in methanol (V/V); flow rate, 1.0 mL/min; UV detector wavelength, 254 nm. This analytical method is linear and reproducible over the range of 2 μg to 12 μg analyte. The correlation coefficient was 0.997. Recovery of emamectin benzoate ranged from 98% to 102% , with a coefficient of variation 4.39%.


From the Publisher:
Michael Wolff and Peter Rutten, with Ben Greenman. "Bots" refers to robots that perform mundate, time-consuming tasks for us. Bots can inform you of every mention of your name on the internet, remind you of your mother's birthday, and notify you of the news events in your areas of interest. This guide directs readers to Web sites that offer such bots, describes what the bots do, and rates how useful and valuable they are.


We introduce an efficient one-pass 3-D depth migration algorithm as an alternative to the spli t t ing approach (Claerbout, 1985). This algorithm extends the k separation approach (Black and Leong, 1987) with a time-dependent modifying operation we call dilation. Dilation in conjunction with parallel operations of downward continuation on the k slices yields a depth migration Y algorithm with better efficiency and accuracy characteristics than the splitting approach. k -dilation migration c o n s i s t s o f a Y single pass over the 3-D data volume with each k slice downward continued independently. Y Any downward-continuation algorithm based upon the 3-D wave equation may be used. Before the 3-D data volume is decomposed, the lateral velocity variations are accomodated with dilation. Dilation is a time-dependent modifying operation which transforms a time and spatially-variant velocity field into a time-variant velocity field only. The reverse operation is conducted after the migration and inverse k transformation. Analytic, model Y and field data studies indicate that migration us ing k separation in conjunction with Y dilation is a viable means of performing depth migration.


Genomics and proteomics technologies, together with the new systems biology strategies have led to a paradigm shift in bioinformatics. The traditional reductionist approach has been replaced by a more global, integrated view. In this context, new information management systems are now being introduced to collect, store and curate heterogeneous information in ways that will allow its efficient retrieval and exploitation. Multiple sequence alignments provide an ideal environment for the reliable integration of information from a complete genome to a gene and its related products. In the multiple alignment, patterns of conservation and divergence can be used to identify evolutionarily conserved features and important genetic events. In this thesis, three developments are described: (i) a new benchmark for the objective evaluation of multiple alignment algorithms, (ii) a multiple alignment ontology (MAO) for nucleic acid or protein sequences and structures, (iii) an information management system (MACSIMS) that exploits the multiple alignment and the organisation provided by the ontology. MACSIMS has been used in a variety of projects, including complete genome annotation, target characterisation for structural proteomics and the prediction of structural and functional effects of mutations involved in human pathologies. MACSIMS can also be used for the systematic testing of research hypotheses and the rationale is demonstrated by a study of the effectiveness of various sequence/structure characteristics for the prediction of functional sites in proteins. Other potential applications include such fields as the annotation of the numerous hypothetical proteins produced by the genome sequencing projects or the definition of characteristic motifs for specific protein folds. Hopefully, this will also have more wide-reaching consequences in areas such as protein engineering, metabolic modelling, or the development of new drug development strategies.


Tetrodotoxin-resistant Nav1.5 Na+ channel has been considered as the cardiac sodium channel.Na+ currents with tetrodotoxin resistance(TTX-R) and Nav1.5/SCN5A mRNA have been observed in neurons,but the cDNA encoding the TTX-R Nav1.5 Na+ channels in human central nervous system(CNS) has not been identified.Nav1.5/SCN5A cDNA was first cloned from human brain cortex by using RT-PCR method.Two variants of Nav1.5/SCN5A were found and tentatively named hB1 and hB2.Full sequence of cDNA encoding the α-subunit of TTX-R Nav1.5 Na+ channel in human brain cortex was 6 201 nucleotides long and was designated hB1.The longest open reading frame of hB1(accession number EF629346) encodes 2 016 amino acid residues.Sequence analysis has indicated that hB1 is highly homologus with human cardiac Nav1.5/SCN5A with 98% amino acid identity.There are 28 different amino acids between them,with 7 of which locating in the region encoded by exon6A or exon6.Alternative splicing of exon18 was not found in the gene cloning of human brain Nav1.5/SCN5A,which was different from human heart Nav1.5/SCN5A,but a novel alternative splicing lacking exon24 was first found.The two variants were detected in similar ratio in brain,but they were proved to relate to age development in heart tissue.The exon24 of human Nav1.5/SCN5A has 54 nucleotides,encoding 30 amino acid residues,and are located in human chromosome 3P21.This alternative splicing was also found in other tissues other than heart and brain.The expression pattern of the two variants in different tissues was different when detected by competitive PCR method and it was also changing with age development.Furthermore,Nav1.5/SCN5A mRNA was detected in 16 different tissue types of Wistar rats(P80) by reverse polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) .These results suggest that Nav1.5 Na+ channels in human brain are encoded by new variants of Nav1.5/SCN5A and its mRAN is more widely expressed than previously thought.The study is useful for making further investigation in the functional analysis of Nav1.5 Na+ channels in different tissues.


Consumers of news care both about the novelty of the news they read, as well as how popular that news topic is with others. Editors choose what to report on based on consumer preferences and the coverage of their competitors. We build a continuous time model that predicts whether news providers invest in covering novel news stories or instead report on popular. We construct a dataset of cover stories to test the model and find that both novelty and popularity are associated with increased sales, but popular stories only have a lifespan of one to two weeks. We find that the impact of novelty has declined since 2006, and the lifespan of a story has shortened. While theory predicts that editors strategically alternate between reporting on novel stories and popular stories, we find evidence of positive serial correlation in the popularity of cover stories. Finally, news outlets often cover the same story. Theory predicts that competitive news outlets are more likely to pool on the stories they cover while news outlets with market power are more likely to separate.


Multi collinearity and outliers are the common problems when estimating regression model .   Multicollinearitiy occurs when there are high correlations among predictor variables, leading to difficulties in separating the effects of each independent variable on the response variable . While, if outliers are present in the data to be analyzed, then the assumption of normality in the regression will be violated and the results of the analysis may be incorrect or misleading. Both of these cases occurred in the data on room occupancy rate of hotels in Kendari . The purpose of this study is to find a model for the data that is free of m ulti collinearity and outliers and to determine the factors that affect the level of room occupancy hotels in Kendari . The method used is Continuous Wavelet Transformation and Partial Least Squares. The result of this research is a regression model that is free of m ulti collinearity and a  pattern of data that resolved the present of outliers .


book will supplant the standard Life of Thomas Paine by Moncure Conway (1892). It persuasively addresses two common reactions to Paine: the elitist view of him as an uncouth man with a dangerously clever pen, and the radical suspicion that he was a half-hearted revolutionary and closet conservative. Keane argues thar Paine's tenets, that good government is grounded on the consent of the governed and that despotism corrupts civil society, imply that democracy must rest on cultural values of tolerance and openness, not on pure individualism. In this book, however, he draws back from weighty pol irlcal philosophy. For example, Paine drew a fundamental distinction between natural rights and civil rights. The former, including freedom of thought and the right to pursue happiness without harming others, are godgiven; the latter are 'based on' natural rights, but 'appertain to man in right of his being a member of society'. Keane, while implicitly endorsing this debatable distlnction, makes no attempt to defend it Instead, he draws auenuon to the insidious brilliance of Paine's political rhetoric, the subversive resonances of his self-presentation 'as a burping, farting rebel in an age cut by knifesharp divisions of courtly respecrabllhy, wealth and power' (296). He plays up Paine's dilemma that while democracy is internationalist it is typically realised at a national level, so that democratic ideas have almost always been supplemented by nationalism, with its despotic potential. This dilemma, with its sharp contemporary relevance, was especially poignant for the first 'citizen of the world'. Keane's book is a good read. It contains historically rich accounts of Paine's political activities in England, America and France, tells with verve of his almost miraculous escape from the Terror's guillotine, and concludes with a moving portrait of the rebel's sad old age. Paul Gillen


On the example of typical metals, it's found that the activation energy of self-diffusion is above of the melting heat and below of vaporization heat. This corresponds to the existence of liquid-mobile particle classification based on the concept of randomized particles. A formula for estimating the activation energy of self-diffusion by which it is approximately half of the heat of evaporation of the substance is recommended. We derive the temperature dependence for a fraction self-diffusion's particles.


Abstract Factor analysis is widely used in psychology, sociology and economics, as an analytically tractable method of reducing the dimensionality of the data in multivariate statistical analysis. The classical factor analysis model in which the unobserved factor scores and errors are assumed to follow the normal distributions is often criticized because of its lack of robustness. This paper introduces a new robust factor analysis model for dichotomous data by using robust distributions such as multivariate t-distribution. After comparing the fitting results of the normal factor analysis model and the robust factor analysis model for dichotomous data, it can been seen that the robust factor analysis model can get more accurate analysis results in some cases, which indicates this model expands the application range and practical value of the factor analysis model.


The diversity of finfishes caught in traps at Keelakarai, Gulf of Mannar was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively for a period of six years from July 2006 to June 2012. Average landing during the period was 109 t per year with maximum of 137 t during 2008-09. Among the 98 species of reef fishes landed, Siganus canaliculatus dominated (28%), followed by Scarus ghobban (21%). During the first two years of the study, S. ghobban dominated over S. canaliculatus and later the trend reversed. Family-wise, maximum contribution was by Siganidae (36%) followed by Scaridae (21%). Seasonally, the major peak was recorded during post-monsoon of 2009. The Shannon index of diversity was maximum during 2007-08. Cluster analysis indicated the highest similarity in species composition between 2010-11 and 2011-12. SIMPER analysis identified 26 species as most significant in creating the observed pattern of similarity for 90% cut off contributions. Ellipse plot showed statistically significant deviation in fish diversity between years. Reef fish landings showed an increasing trend from 2006-07 to 2008-09, a decline afterwards and then almost steady condition prevailed during the last two years of the study which implies that there is no scope for further increase in landings by trap fishery at Keelakarai.


The main focus of present research work is to elaborate magnetohydrodynamic flow of third grade nanofluid with activation energy and binary chemical reaction. Fluid flow is generated by a nonlinearly stretched surface. Temperature and nano-concentration distributions are analyzed in the presence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. The effects of Joule heating, thermal radiation and porous medium are further investigated for current analysis. Thermodynamic second mechanism is utilized to explore entropy generation rate of the system. Newly developed condition having zero mass flux of nanoparticles at the boundary is also incorporated. Partial differential equations governing the flow problem has been converted into ordinary ones using appropriate similarity variables. Builtin Shooting technique via NDsolve has been used to construct the numerical solution of the resulting problem. Impacts of various physical flow parameters are presented graphically for temperature, nano-concentration, surface drag coefficient and rates of heat trasnfer and entropy generation. It is found that impacts of third grade parameters on the thermal and nano-concentration fields are quite similar. Temperature, concentration and associated layer thicknesses are reduced via higher third grade parameters. It is established that the magnetic field restricts the flow strongly and serves as a potent control mechanism. It can be concluded that an applied magnetic field will play a major role in applications like micropumps, actuators and biomedical sensors. The activation energy aspect reduces the concentration boundary layer thickness. Total entropy of the entire system increases against higher values temperature difference variable, Brinkman number, porosity parameter, radiation parameter and magnetic parameter.


During the dry season, Acacia seyal stands in the savannah areas of south-eastern Chad are one of the main food sources for the elephant population of Zakouma National Park. Forming a more or less dense mosaic, this tree savannah is an essential additional source of nutri- tion for these huge herbivores. This note does not set out to estimate the aerial grazing potential of the savannah for the elephants in the park, but to identify, through remote sensing, the areas that are either essential or marginal in terms of their food needs. Satellite imagery was used to establish quantitative and spatial values for these vegetation resources, whose use does not appear to be related to food quality or palatability, but to result from several concomitant physical and edaphic factors, i.e. a permanent water network and the fact that tree densities of more than 400 trees per hectare limit access for the elephants to these dry-season food resources.


This paper deals with a method to recognize hand-postures in Softremocon system. The system uses multiple cameras to recognize the user's hand-posture. It is hard to recognize hand-posture since a human-hand is the object with high degree of freedom and there follows the self-occlusion problem, the well-known problem in vision-based recognition area. It can be a possible solution to use multiple cameras. However, when we use multiple images, another problem is arisen, that is, the composition methods of multiple recognition results from each camera to get the final decision. We show 2-staged recognition process. The first stage gets the results which represent each camera viewpoint. And the second one results out the final decision. This structure gives robustness to the hand-posture recognition against view-point variation.


This paper draws on findings from a hermeneutic phenomenological study to identify whether a mismatch exists between the theoretical foundation of work-based learning and how work-based learning is experienced by work-based learners. Four models of work-based learning were compared against the lived experiences of former students who had been healthcare assistants (HCAs) working in acute clinical settings and employed within a large NHS hospital. All had completed a two-year Foundation degree in Health and Social Care (FdSc) course in preparation for becoming assistant practitioners (AP). Findings from interviews with participants were compared and contrasted with four models of work-based learning. While all four models capture the profoundly social nature of work-based learning, none of the models captured the challenge faced by Foundation degree student participants in making the transition from being a healthcare assistant and becoming a work-based learner to becoming an assistant practitioner. This finding was particularly significant to the lived experience of all participants in this study as the assistant practitioner role was completely new to workplace mentors, their departments and the NHS hospital Trust in which the research was undertaken. This paper suggests that there may be a gap in the literature in respect of a new model of work-based learning that captures the nature of work-based learning within clinical environments. Such a model might act as a differentiator between practice-based and work-based learning.


As the opening up of the social understandings was established as"the basic policy"of Henan province,Henan provincial government changed its strategies and implemented the opening up of social undertakings by emphasizing the guarantee and improvement of people's livelihood.Which has achieved a series of success.With the scientific and economic globalization,social undertakings in Henan province unavoidably faces the new situations.Basing on new public management theory and public choice theory,this paper systematically analyzes and summarizes situations of the opening up of social undertakings at home and abroad and that of the Henan provincial.Learning from previous researches and the governmental documents,which ultimately puts forward some strategies analysis of speeding up the development of the social undertakings in Henan province.


Domineerings is the classic combinatorial game in which players take turns placing1 x 2 or 2 x 1 dominoes to cover a board of squares, losing when there is no spaceavailable. In this paper, we study Domineering under the additional rule that theboard must be aYoung tableau at all times. We analyze some simple positions ofthe game, solve the game for a specic family of boards, and present an interestingconjecture.


Studies on ethnic minorities in the mountainous areas and the establishment of and the modern Union of Myanmar involves the contents at three aspects: first, the national consciousness of mountainous ethnic minorities and the development of nationalism; second, the factors which have driven many ethnic groups to establish a union of the state; and third, the external conditions established by the Union of Myanmar, namely the special historical environment and external factors, including the role of the British government in mountainous ethnic minorities and the political attitude of Burma Proper.
The book consist of three parts: the first part mainly describes the geographical distribution, historical origin and colonization process of mountainous ethnic minorities and the history of administrative system reform ranging from 1824 to 1945; the second part discusses the awakening of political consciousness of mountainous ethnic minorities and the political proposition in the process of seeking independence from 1945 to 1948, which was divided into three phases; the third part presents several issues worthy of further discussion and describes the views and insights of the author.The author finally concludes that the Myanmar government and the ethnic minorities in the mountainous areas should establish a new type of ethnic relationship with economic development, equal political rights and respect for ethnic minorities. Only in this way, can the ethnic problems in Myanmar be solved.


Public understanding, and ultimately, the acceptance of the use of genetic science for public good, is affected by what the public already believes and how these beliefs may be altered by various claims. This presentation describes how editorial cartoons portray social characteristics of sex, culture, and the social role of the users of the science and how the cartoons present the consequences and value of cloning and stem cell research. Images were analyzed for manifest (denotation) and latent (connotation) meanings found in editorial cartoons published from 2001 to 2004. Semiotics was applied for the visual analyzes. Data were collected form 106 editorial cartoons that appeared in 51 different syndicated sources in that appear nationally (48%)m locally or regionally (40%), and on six World Wide web sites (12%) from 2001 to 2004 in 27 states. The cartoons appeared in 2001 (30%) and 2002 (47%). Eighty-six cartoons referenced cloning and 20 cartoons referenced stem cell research. Males were portrayed 64% of the time (n = 187) and were the only constituents of the four large groups. There were only 37 female characters in the editorial cartoons. Regardless of year of publication, stem cell research was depicted as having a positive value, and cloning was portrayed negatively. Some major themes are: politics is intruding on science, embryonic stem cell researchers value one kind of life over another, cloning will lead to the mass production of evil, cloning creates monsters, politics will influence who or what will be cloned.


As a distinguished forerunner of reception aesthetics, Prof. Qian Zhongshu unfolds his research into the reception history of Han Yu in the two aspects: one is Han Yu's textual relationship with the precursors' poems in the term of diction, intention, momentum, rhetoric etc, the other the exegetic readers' reading-response to and imitation of Han Yu's poems. His research reveals his erudition, unique sight, and more importantly, his unequaled sensibilities and talents in critical scrutiny.


ABSTRACTBackground: Nutrition and health problems characterized by the use of unbalanced food are significant problems for most of the population, including children. In the world and in Indonesia, they are experiencing environmental challenges due to the 3 burdens of malnutrition which may worsen due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Children can face various kinds of malnutrition due to poor eating patterns, parenting applications that are not optimal. The government has determined stunting as one of the priority programs. Preschool-aged children are included in the nutritionally vulnerable group of people, namely the group of people who are most susceptible to nutritional disorders, while at this time they are experiencing a relatively rapid growth process. One of the significant aspects that affect the nutritional status of children is the aspect of mother's knowledge about nutrition in children. Objective : This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of the relationship between the level of knowledge and motivation of mothers about balanced nutrition with nutritional status in preschool children aged 3-6 years. Methods: This research is quantitative in nature using correlational descriptive techniques with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 100 people and the number of samples taken using the Slovin formula was 80 people using purposive sampling technique. This study uses univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi Square test. Results: based on univariate analysis of 80 people the majority with a high level of knowledge as many as 61 people (76.3%), sufficient motivation as many as 62 people (77.5%) and nutritional status normal children as many as 37 children (46.3%). The results of the bivariate analysis with the chi square test were obtained for the level of knowledge with nutritional status p-value 0.026, and the results of the bivariate analysis of mother's motivation with nutritional status p-value 0.006, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and motivation of mothers about balanced nutrition with the nutritional status of children aged preschool 3-6 years. Conclusion: there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and motivation of mothers about balanced nutrition with the nutritional status of preschool children aged 3-6 years.Keywords : Knowledge,Motivation,Nutritional Status


juvenile rainbow trout (Oncsrhynchus mykiss, 5-1 3 g) became acclimated (i.e., increased their resistance to lethal Al levels, 162 pg-h-', pH 5.2) after only 5 d when exposed to sublethal Al (38 pg.b-') in acidified soft water ( ~ a + = 85, ca2+ = 28 , U E ~ L ~ , pH 5.2). Acclimation was associated with reduced ionoregulatosy and respiratory disturbances during lethal Al challenge and was maintained for at least 34 d. Acclimation was relatively specific to AB because no consistently improved resistance to lethal Cu (32 pg.b-', pH 5.2) was observed. Exposure to sublethal acid alone (pH 5.2) did not result in acclimation to lethal [H+] (pH 4.0) and caused a pronounced reduction in whole-body Fda+ and Cl-. Sublethal acid + Al resulted in a more rapid loss of ions than sublethal acid alone over the first 10 61, but both groups subsequently recovered ionoregulatory status after 34 d. Exposure to sublethal acid alone had a negligible effect on feeding or growth. However, growth was impaired by 29% in AB-exposed trout, primarily the result of reduced appetite during the first 10 d. Decreased growth must be considered one of the costs of acclimation during chronic sublethal exposure to Al.


This study intends to examine and explore "Desert romance" published in Taiwan since 2000. As a sub-genre of English romance, desert romance is also called "Sheik romance." The storyline begins with a white girl who travels to a Middle-East desert, is abducted by an Arab sheik, and the two of them fall in love. I aim to explore in what ways desert romance reproduces and in the meantime transforms Oriental ism as defined by Said. Desert romance in Taiwan figures a Taiwan girl as the heroine, and keeps the major narrative elements intact, such as abduction, the sheik, violence, harem, sexual seduction, the eroticized imagination about the Middle-East, and the low status of women in Arab society. Said argues that Orientalism is developed by the West as a discursive formation in order to define the self of the West and to control the Orient. This research continues the critique of Oriental ism on the one hand, and on the other hand discusses in what ways desert romance produced and consumed by women repeats and subverts the negative stereotype of the Middle-East. As part of East Asia, how Taiwan defines herself in contrast to the West and the Middle-East? Through the perspective of transcultural flow, I intend to reconfigure the triangle relationship between the West, the Self as the East (Taiwan), and the Other as the Orient (the Islamic Arabs). Finally, by using the perspective of cultural translation, I want to examine how Taiwan romance appropriates and transforms romance translated from the West, mainly England.


Background: Antibiotics are important and essential armamentarium against bacterial infections. Resistance to antibiotics is an emerging global public health problem, attributed to many factors, including injudicious use. Medical students in India have been taught about the microbes as well as pharmacological aspects of antibiotics in their second professional year by microbiology and pharmacology departments respectively. But the knowledge acquired would be incomplete if the application aspects are found wanting, like self-medication practice. Methods: A cross sectional Questionnaire based survey was done over a period of two months (July – August, 2019) in Government Villupuram Medical College on medical students who had completed their second professional year. Out of 204 prefinal and final year M.B.B.S students; 150 were selected based on homogeneous, purposive sampling. Validated Questionnaire for KAP (Knowledge, Attitude and Self-medication Practice) with respect to antibiotic use was administered and responses were collected. Results: Almost all had adequate knowledge about rational use of antibiotics as per 10-item Questionnaire (48.6% scored 10 out of 10; 42.6% scored 9/10; 6.6% scored 8/10 and 1.3% scored 7/10). Results for attitude aspect showed that most agreed that antibiotic resistance was a major public health problem and antibiotics were freely available. For 64% of study population newer antibiotics were more efficacious whereas 48% stated costly drugs were more efficacious. 45.3% of students self-medicated themselves with antibiotics without consulting a doctor in the previous year. Conclusion: The results revealed that theoretical knowledge and attitude about antibiotic usage translated inadequately into practice, necessitating interventions from clinical departments so that when medical students enter internship as well as after completion of the course, they start using antibiotics judiciously.