We previously reported a new and practical method of more accurately determining the conversion factors for calculating the protein content of foods from the total nitrogen content (N:P factor). The adjusted N:P factors, we called the N : P factor calculated by the new methods, correspond to the proportion of the amino acid residue content to the total nitrogen content. Thereby, when we try to estimate the protein content using the adjusted N : P factors, we do not have to consider the nonprotein nitrogen content.  In this study, the adjusted N : P factor for several pulses and 3 soybean products were investigated based on the total nitrogen content, amino acid composition, amide nitrogen and free amino acids. The proportions of the amino acid nitrogen in the total nitrogen were 95% for pulses and 98% for soybean products. The average factors were 5. 43 for all the analytical samples and 5. 51 for the soybeans and its products. The N : P factor of 6. 25 commonly used for many foods was not a realistic factor for estimating the protein contents of pulses by converting the total nitrogen. The averaged value of the adjusted N : P factors for pulses was not different from that for the soybeans, except for some pulses. Considering the frequency of these food uses, 5. 51 is recommended as the universal factor for pulses and soybean products. This study seems to suggest that the new method for calculating the N : P factors is both useful and valuable.


Initial observations on the regeneration of the tail in lizards were recorded in brief notes by Aristotle over 2000 years ago, as reported in his book, History of Animals (cited from [...].


Pattern recognition of carbonate rocks in RS image have been studied in the paper. Samples of carbonate rocks were scanned into rock images.By analysing these samples of carbonate rocks,a new arithmetic was chosed and a standard curve of carbonate rocks by the arithmetic can be gotten.Rs images were divided into grids.There are curves by the arithmetic in grids. The standard curve of carbonate rocks and curves in grids were compared.If both of curves look very similar,the grid is carbonate rocks area.


The utility model relates to a guide roller for a PVA film blowing machine. The guide roller comprises a cylindrical roller body and a rubber layer, the roller body is coated with the rubber layer, the diameter of the middle of the roller body is larger than that of the two ends of the roller body, the two ends of the roller body are each sleeved with a limiting device, and the limiting devices can move along the roller body and are fixed to the roller body through locking devices. Each limiting device is formed by a limiting block and a fixing block, the fixing blocks of the limiting devices are close to the ends of the roller body, non-skid layers are arranged at the contact positions between the limiting devices and the roller body and are arranged on the end faces, away from the fixing blocks, of the limiting blocks, the locking devices are arranged on the peripheries of the fixing blocks, and the degree of tightness of the locking devices is adjusted through bolts. The guide roller is coated with the rubber layer, so that a PVA film is prevented from being pulled and damaged; the middle of the guide roller is arched, so the PVA film can stretch from the middle to two sides when passing through the roller body and is prevented from folding and wrinkling; the limiting devices prevent the PVA film from deflecting leftwards and rightwards, the unified passing direction of the PVA film is kept from beginning to end, and the phenomenon that PVA films are ragged on a material collecting roller during rolling is avoided.


Human motion tracking from single-view 2D measurements contains inherent ambiguities, due to depth ambiguities and the indirect relation of pixel intensities to 3D poses. Prior models of human poses and motion show great promise in resolving these difficulties, by biasing inference toward the most probable configurations. The main challenge is to describe models that accurately describe how people move: in general, we expect that better prior models will give better tracking results.


The stress-strain relationships for several commercial artificial graphites in compression have been studied. These stress-strain relationships have been found to satisfy the following empirical formula up to the breaking point:e=Bσ/So-A (O≤σ≤So)where σ is compressive stress, e is strain, So is compressive strength and A and B are constants determined according to the specimen. It was shown that the apparent modulus of elasticity decreases linearly with increasing stress.And the relationship between the young's modulus and the compressive strength was discussed in the above equation. A plasto-elasticity model was put forward which describes the experimental results of stress-strain behavior, and the stress-strain relationship on stress cycling was derived theoretically from this model.The experimental results on stress cycling were then compared with theoretical values.


A detailed review of the traditional concept of "jiao shou zhi xue"("professors taking charge of the academic study") reveals misunderstanding of this concept in the aspects of its origin,history,and present development.The idea of "xue"("study") in this concept should not be limited to the scope of academic study,but it should be extended to cover the whole university,that is the professor governance of it in its full sense,especially the professors' power in policy making concerning both academic study and school administration.The concept of "jiao shou zhi xue" must be elevated from "professors taking charge of academic study" to the higher level of "professors taking charge of the university" to withhold the ever worsening trend of administering a university like a government.Only then can the goal of "educators taking charge of a university" be realized.


Abstract: Spectrophotometric studies were successfully used in quantitative analysis of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride (ATH) Two new methods using spectrophotometry are described for the determination of (ATH) with potassium bromate as the oxidizing agent and acid dyes, Methyl orange and Indigo carmine. Both spectrophotometric methods are based on the oxidation of mentioned drugs by a known excess of bromate in acid medium and in the presence of excess of bromide followed by estimation of surplus oxidant by reacting with either Indigo carmine (method A) or Methyl orange (method B), and measuring the absorbance at 609 or 507 nm


We have used current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistance measurements of Py-based exchange-biased spin-valves containing IrMn inserts of thickness t to estimate the spin-flipping probability of the antiferromagnet IrMn. From t=0 to t= 1 nm, we find a rapid decrease in A¿R=A(RAP - RP) , by about a factor of 50-here A is the area through which the CPP current flows, and RAP and RP are the resistances with the moments of the two Py layers oriented anti-parallel (AP) or parallel (P) to each other. We attribute this decrease to very strong spin-flipping in the IrMn/Cu interfacial region, with effective spin diffusion length l sf IrMn/Cu= 0.24 nm, only about 1 monolayer (ML). But for t from 2 to 5 nm, the decrease of A¿R with increasing IrMn thickness is much slower. The reason for this slowing is not yet clear.


The study of shower to shower fluctuations is hampered by the thinning algorithm, which introduces artificial fluctuations and distorts the probability distribution. We consider the effect of the thinning in the calculation of the shower to shower fluctuation for the electromagnetic and the muonic component. We also report a complete study of the parameters that are affected by the thinning and semi-analytical estimations of this fluctuation.


: Maintaining high levels of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) is known to inhibit the growth of various proliferating cells including hepatocytes. We show here that transient (30 min) elevations of cAMP induced by addition of 8‐bromo‐cAMP (1 mmol/L) to rat hepatocytes in primary culture at three time points (12h, 16h and 20h) after seeding stimulated DNA synthesis. Sustained levels of cAMP stimulated DNA synthesis to a lesser degree at a lower concentration (1 μmol/L), but inhibited it at concentrations higher than 100μmol/L. We also determined cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) activity in the hepatocytes during this incubation period. The transient addition of 8‐bromo‐cAMP at the late G1 phase increased cdk2 activity. This suggests that transient cAMP elevation in hepatocytes at the late G1 phase has a growth stimulation effect. Up‐regulation of cdk2 activity may have a role in this process.


Patriotic education is a major problem for the modern Russian society. Mass media are an important factor in shaping the atmosphere of patriotism and tolerance. This is why this problem is of current importance for the Russian media education.


PURPOSES : This paper focuses on strength development according to the mix design with cement type and mineral admixture from laboratory and field tests in cool weather. METHODS : Two methods evaluated the mix design of concrete pavement in cool weather. Firstly, laboratory tests including slump, air contents, setting time, strength, maturity, and freezing-thawing test were conducted. Three alternatives were selected based on the tests. Secondly, a field test was conducted and the optimum mix design in cool weather was suggested . RESULTS : It is an evident from the laboratory test that a mix with type Ⅲ cement showed better performance than the one with type Ⅰ cement. There was a delay in strength development of a mix with mineral admixture compared to mix design without any mineral admixture. In the field test, type Ⅲ cement+flyash 20% mix design proved the best performance. CONCLUSIONS : For concrete pavement in cool weather, mix design using type Ⅲ cement could overcome the strength delay due to mineral admixture. Moreover, it is possible to make sure of durability of pavement. Therefore, strength and durability problems due to cool weather would decrease.


Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was synthesised by a precipitation method, using naturally available chicken eggshell (Ca source) and phosphoric acid (P source). The synthesised powder was electrophoretically deposited on 316L stainless steel (316L SS). The chemical composition of the synthesised powder was analysed. Ca was estimated by conventional EDTA titration and P by a gravimetric method. The Ca/P ratio was found to be 1·67, which resembles the stoichiometric HAP ratio. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to confirm HAP formation. FT-IR spectra showed the characteristic peaks for phosphate and hydroxyl groups. The XRD results revealed that the major characteristic peaks of HAP appear in the regions of approximately 26°, 28°, 29°, 30–35°, 39°, 46°, 49° and 50° (2θ) and also indicated that no impurities are formed during HAP formation. The in vitro evaluation of HAP coated 316L SS was performed in simulated body fluid (Ringer's solution) of pH 7·4 at 37°C in a thermostatic water bath through cyclic polarisation, and the results indicated that the HAP coated 316L SS has better corrosion resistance than uncoated 316L SS.


We want to thank Dr Thompson for pointing out our error. He is correct, of course, in affirming that tricyclic antidepressants slow the frequency of free runningcircadian rhythms.Therefore,theeffect of oestradiol on circadian rhythms is opposite to that of tricyclics. We hope that this theoretical error has not detracted from our attempt to provide a practical overview of the clinical management of the rapid cycling patient. PETER P. ROY-BYRNE RUSSELLT. JOFFE THOMASW. UHDE ROBERT M. Posi Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland TREATMENT OF RAPID CYCLING AFFECTIVE ILLNESS DEAR SIR, In their paper Roy-Byrne et a! (Journal, November 1984, 145, 543—550)indicated a need for further systematic study to assess the definitive role of neuroleptics in treating this condition. The depot preparation of haloperidol decanoate became avail able in the U.K. on a research basis in the autumn of 1981 and my clinical experience to date includes the treatment of fifteen patients with a diagnosis of manic depressive psychosis, four of whom form a distinct subgroup of rapid cycling affective illness. They have a combined history of eleven hospital admissions for hypomania in the previous two years while on lithium (serum levels 0.50 to 1.0 mmol/l) and oral neuroleptics. These frequent admissions resulted in a total of twenty three months in-patient treatment (almost six months per patient) before starting haloperidol decanoate in a dose range between 100 and 400 mg monthly. There have been no re-admissions for hypomanic relapses, all four patients having received this treatment for over 36 months, and two short lasting depressive episodes in one patient were successfully treated as an out patient by adding a tricyclic antidepressant. The result of this open study certainly supports the authors' proposition that prolonged neuroleptic treatment, possibly in combination with lithium, may reduce the severity and frequency of manic episodes.


The use of swear words is common and even popular in movies for adult viewers. However, misunderstanding and ignorance of the intended viewers can cause younger viewers to be exposed to movies with various profanities. The Simpsons, an animated movie, is a good example of this phenomenon. This animated movie is known to contain obscene language expressions which can be mistakenly assumed to be intended for younger viewers. This study sought to identify the kinds and purposes of expletives used in The Simpsons. The current study used Hughes' framework to analyze the types of swear words, and Andersson and Trudgill's framework was used to analyze their functions. Data were gathered from seven episodes drawn from different seasons of the animated series. Of 102 swear words found in the dialogues of the episodes, seven types of swear words were identified, including anatomical insult, excrement, sexual intercourse, personal background, mental illness, animal term, and religious oath. Additionally, four swearing meanings and functions were discovered abusive, auxiliary, expletive, and humorous. Therefore, it is expected that general readers will express themselves more thoughtfully, be able to identify the target audience for movies, and make more informed decisions when choosing movies for younger audiences.


In the new era of communication, WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) is the most emerging technology that enables ubiquitous delivery of broadband wireless access for fixed and mobile users. It is a more innovative and commercially viable alternative to cable modems and DSL technologies as it is cost effective, easy to implement, high performance and high resource utilization technology. Quality of Service (QoS) is an important consideration for supporting variety of applications that utilize the network resources. This paper focuses on quality of service oriented analysis in WiMAX networks with CBR traffic. Different types of QoS parameters like packet loss, average throughput, average jitter and average end to end delay are investigated with CBR traffic and effect of mobility are evaluated using QualNet 6.1 Wireless network Simulator for rtPS, nrtPS and ertPS flows. The goal is to compare the Quality of Service parameters of the three service flows with respect to mobility so that different types of service flows can be used in optimal way for real life scenarios. KeywordsIEEE 802.16, WiMAX, QoS, CBR, Mobility.


Abstract. The domestic and foreign scholars conducted many studies on mechanical properties of wave web steel beam and high-strength spiral stirrups confined concrete columns. Based on the previous research work, studies were conducted on the anti-seismic property of the end plate bolt connected wave web steel beam and high-strength spiral stirrups confined concrete column nodes applied with pre-tightening force. Four full-size node test models in two groups were designed for low-cycle repeated loading quasi-static test. Through observation of the stress, distortion, failure process and failure mode of node models, analysis was made on its load-carrying capacity, deformation performance and energy dissipation capacity, and the reliability of the new node was verified. The results showed that: under action of the beam-end stiffener, the plastic hinges on the end of wave web steel beam are displaced outward and played its role of energy dissipation capacity. The study results provided reliable theoretical basis for the engineering application of the new types of nodes.


Overcrowding is a serious issue that Emergency Departments (EDs) must deal with, since it is leading to longer delays and greater patients' dissatisfaction, which are directly connected with an increasing number of patients who leave the ED prematurely. Hospital is affected by this aspect in terms of lost revenues from opportunities missed in providing care and adverse outcomes deriving from ED process. For this reason, the ability to control and predict in advance patients who leave ED without any evaluation becomes strategic for healthcare administrators. The purpose of this work is to investigate causes that determine patients who leave the ED without being seen. Machine Learning algorithms are used in order to build and compare different models for LWBS prediction, with the aim of obtaining a helpful support tool for the ED management in healthcare facilities.


Currently, energy efficiency, alternative sources and rational use of energy are widely used concepts to achieve process profitability, electricity bill reduction, security of supply and mitigation of environmental costs, being useful for all final consumption sectors of a country. The main objective of this work is to perform an analysis of the electric energy management of the Faculties of the National University of Asuncion (UNA). It is proposed to use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to analyze and rank those faculties that have a better performance in the management of resources related to energy consumption. The criteria chosen for the AHP evaluation were the characteristics of consumption, the level of losses, the efficiency of the Significant Energy Uses, the economic, the quality of management and the environmental. For the analysis, 8 alternatives were initially considered, which are represented by the faculties located at the headquarters. The results show that the best alternative under the criteria analyzed, being considered with the same level of importance, is represented by the Faculty of Chemical Sciences. A sensitivity analysis of the AHP results to changes in the importance of the criteria was also performed, obtaining a distribution of yields similar to the first scenario considered, which confirms the current performance trends of the facilities analyzed. Finally, with the results obtained, an Energy Benchmarking was also proposed, in order to know the levels of effort that each academic unit needs to make to move towards a performance standard in electric energy management.


Viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases of the equine reproduction tract are a common cause of infertility, abortions and premature births and are responsible for economic losses in horse populations. Both viral agents like equine herpesvirus type 1 and equine arteritisvirus and bacterial agents like Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Actinobacillus equuli, Leptospira, Chlamydia and Taylorella equigenitalis are important infectious agents for the breeding and export of horses. Horses to be exported must be examined for the parasites Babesis coballi, Theileria equi, the causative agent of the tick-borne protozoal disease, equine piroplasmosis, and for Tryponosoma equiperdum, the causative agent of dourine. Identification and differentiation of the pathogen and the existing condition require both intensive clinical examination and a comprehensive laboratory diagnostic analysis. Depending on the diagnostic purpose, it is possible to differentiate between indirect and direct detection of the agents. Indirect methods facilitate the detection of antibodies against infectious agents and give further information about the immune status of the horse. Depending on the testing method and the animal's vaccination status, conclusions con be drawn about the infection and the success of vaccination. Direct test methods make possible the identification and differentiation of the agent isolated in the diagnostic sample. In horses with genital infections, infertility and abortions, diagnosis of viral infections is based on isolation of the virus in cell culture or on the detection of specific DNA by polymerase chain reaction techniques. Culture and biochemical identification remain the golden standard for confirming the presence of bacterial pathogens. The polymerase chain reaction offers an alternative or supplement to culture identification and provides highly specific and sensitive results that can often be obtained more quickly than by culture. A serological response to viral, bacterial and parasitic infections can be demonstrated by serological testing of paired sera to show a rise in antibody titre. Depending on the epidemiology of the pathogen and the site of the disease, important factors for a reliable diagnosis are the diagnostic material and the time and technique of sampling. 5. Plawiliska J and Binek M. Lawsonia intracellularis, the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteritis. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 2006; 62: 860-864 (in Polish with an abstract in English). Address: J. Plawiriska, Hotel Asystencki IKAR 816, ul. Nowoursynowska 161, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. Lawsonia intracellularis, a Gram-negative, curved rod was identified as the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteritis (PPE) in the .1990's. The bacterium is an obligate intracellular parasite, and thus cannot be multiplied in-vitro on standard media. Nowadays, two types of the disease have been distinguished: acute and chronic. Pigs with PPE usually demonstrate clinical signs two weeks after a period of stress caused by transportation, heat, overcrowding or weaning piglets from sows. The infected animals suffer from diarrhea and indicate reduced growth rate and weight gain. In some cases the disease leads to death. PPE is difficult to diagnose as both its clinical signs and the pathological changes it causes are unspecific. The pathogen is identified in laboratory conditions by the use of PCR, and IFAT is applied to Lawsonia intracellularis, a Gram-negative, curved rod was identified as the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteritis (PPE) in the .1990's. The bacterium is an obligate intracellular parasite, and thus cannot be multiplied in-vitro on standard media. Nowadays, two types of the disease have been distinguished: acute and chronic. Pigs with PPE usually demonstrate clinical signs two weeks after a period of stress caused by transportation, heat, overcrowding or weaning piglets from sows. The infected animals suffer from diarrhea and indicate reduced growth rate and weight gain. In some cases the disease leads to death. PPE is difficult to diagnose as both its clinical signs and the pathological changes it causes are unspecific. The pathogen is identified in laboratory conditions by the use of PCR, and IFAT is applied to track specific antibodies. Tiamulin and tylozyne are the most popular drugs used to prevent PPE. 6. Quack T, Beckmann S and Grevelding GG. Schistosomiasis and the molecular biology of the male-female interaction of S. mansoni. Berliner und Mi.inchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 2006; 119:


This article probes into the lexical choice of six pieces of news reporting three safety accidents in China in China Daily and The Washing Post . By analyzing the difference of the word choice and verbal messages, the article aims to reveal the hidden ideologies in the news discourse covertly implied and unbeknownst to the readers. Guided by assumptions of critical discourse analysis and drawing on the framework of lexical classification in Halliday's (1994) systemic-functional grammar, the study finds that the seemingly impersonal, objective news reports are not neutral at all; rather, they encode ideologies to exert influence on readers' view towards the world. The article demonstrates how the two newspapers represented the same event in vastly different ways through the particular uses of lexicon that reflected their differing ideological standpoints and national interests.


............................................................................................................................................ xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background of the study ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................................ 3 1.3. Objectives of the Study ............................................................................................................... 6 1.3.1. General objectives: ....................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2. Specific objectives: ...................................................................................................... 6 1.4. The Significance of the Study ..................................................................................................... 6 1.5. Delimitation of the study ............................................................................................................ 7 1.6. Operational definitions: .............................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................................................................. 9 2.


A prospective study on prevalence of Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis was carried out in Bungoma County, Kenya. A total of 712 fecal samples from children up to five years of age were collected, from four Hospitals during a 30 month period covering January 2011 to June 2013. Overall prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in children was 5.06%. Genotype analysis revealed that C. hominis had the highest prevalence of 38.89% (14/36) of the isolates, 36.11% were C. parvum, while the prevalence of C. meleagridis and C.canis was 16.67% and 5.56% respectively. Cryptosporidiosis was significantly associated with diarrhea (acute/persistent /recurrent) (P=0.01 OR=1.301) and Abdominal swelling and pain (P=0.031, OR=1.56, 95%= 1.04-2.34). The results suggest that prevalence of cryptosporidiosis is comparable to other regions of the world with C. hominis being the most common species circulating in the study area followed by C. parvum and C. meleagridis in that order.


From the research done at the Central Archive of the State I have found about 49 letters of Thimi Mitko sent to the Arberesh writer and researcher Jeronim De Rada. Studying these letters there were brought into light some private aspects of Mitko's and Derada's lives. In addition, the correspondence reveals the relationship between the two personalities. It testifies on different phases of their lives and particularly on some thoughts about the political situation Albania was passing in 1880. We learn about the difficulties and the calvary onored figures of the Albanian letters passed to publish their works. Through this correspondence it was also learned something more for their relationship with Dora D'Istria and Dhimiter Kamarda or Abdyl Frasheri. In this scientific study it is used a research and file, analyzing, deducting and syncronizing method. Keywords: Arberesh, Fjamuri i Arberit journal, alphabet, language, Silogy.


As the obesity epidemic worsens in the United States and globally, resources are increasingly being allocated to address this public health threat.

Media campaigns promoting physical activity are receiving funding from government and private sources, and some of these campaigns have achieved modest success. Still, more can be done to increase the effectiveness of these campaigns.

Drawing on facets of consumer behavior, psychology, and public policy, this work represents a cross-disciplinary theoretical analysis suggesting that the effectiveness of media-based campaigns promoting physical activity could be enhanced by making use of gender-specific advertising.

Research is reviewed suggesting that gender differences in information processing styles and values lead to gender-specific responses to media campaigns.

Recommendations are made to help practitioners improve physical activity campaigns by crafting advertisements that specifically appeal to the unique preferences of each gender.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Let H be a two-dimensional complex Hilbert space and P(3 H) the space of 3-homogeneous polynomials on H . We give a characterization of the extreme points of its unit ball, BP(3 H), from which we deduce that the unit sphere of P(3 H) is the disjoint union of the sets of its extreme and smooth points. We also show that an extreme point of BP(3 H) remains extreme as considered as an element of BL(3 H). Finally we make a few remarks about the geometry of the unit ball of the predual of P(3 H) and give a characterization of its smooth points. 1 Notation, terminology and preliminary results Given n (real or complex) Banach spaces X1, . . . , Xn we denote by X1⊗· · ·⊗Xn their tensor product and by π the projective norm. If X1⊗̂π · · · ⊗̂π Xn is the completion of X1 ⊗· · ·⊗ Xn under the projective norm, then we have (X1⊗̂π · · · ⊗̂π Xn)∗ = L(n X1, . . . , Xn), the space of continuous n-linear forms on X1 ×· · ·× Xn endowed with the supremum norm. However, as remarked in [6], most of the times the multilinear theory is far from being just a simple The writing of this article started while B. C. Grecu was a postdoctoral fellow at Departamento de Analisis Matematico, Universidad de Valencia. He was supported by a Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship (MEIF-CT-2005-006958). G. A. Muñoz-Fernández and J. B. Seoane-Sepúlveda were supported by MTM 2006–03531. B. C. Grecu School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com G. A. Muñoz-Fernández (B) · J. B. Seoane-Sepúlveda Departamento de Análisis Matemático, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain e-mail: email@example.com J. B. Seoane-Sepúlveda e-mail: email@example.com


To make a research on the reliability of complex network system, firstly, the system operational reliability elements are chosen and the evaluation index system of the complex network system is established on the basis of the state of the system; And then the reliability entropy model based on the elements of the production process network system is developed upon the definition of the entropy theory and order degree; finally, the entropy weight theory is proposed to carry out the weight of the indicators due to the differences of the indicators. In empirical study, the chemical product MDI process network system is taken as an object and the entropy of model as well as the system reliability which are finally solved by using the evaluation index system and reliability entropy model. As a result, the application of this method indicates that the method is rational and efficient.


The increasing availability of travel trajectory data allows for a better understanding of travel behavior. In the individual mobility analysis, the problem of next trip prediction assumes a central role and is beneficial for applications such as personalized services and mobility management. This paper addresses the next trip prediction problem with arbitrary prediction times (the time when the prediction is made). This problem has not been studied adequately in the literature and it is important for applications driven by system events, such as proactive travel recommendations under disruptions or crowding in transport systems. It predicts an individual's next trips given their historical trip sequences and the prediction time. We formulate the next trip prediction problem as on-board and off-board predictions depending on an individual's travel status (i.e. on-board/off-board). Using historical/real-time travel trajectories, a DeepTrip model is proposed based on a trip sequence-to-sequence deep learning structure coupled with an attention mechanism. A novel overlapped embedding method is proposed to represent continuous travel attributes capturing simultaneously the categorical and numerical feature information. We also develop a random-sampling training algorithm to learn the impact of the prediction time. The model is validated using trip data in urban rails. The results show that DeepTrip outperforms statistical-based models by more than 10% in terms of accuracy and other deep learning models by 2%-3%. The impact analysis shows that different representations are appropriate for the two prediction cases (on-board/off-board), and the prediction performance does not monotonically improve as the prediction time approaches the next trip.


Truth is objective and has objectivism; fallacy is also objective and has objectivism, too. The emergency of the fallacy is the inevita ble result from the contradiction between the subjective movement and the object ive movement; theoretical movement and practical movement. Thus it has subjectiv e reason, still has objective reason. It can solve the concerned difficult philo sophic problems and maintain the completeness and the unity of the philosophic t heory to build up the objectivism of fallacy.


Data compression is one of the enabling technologies for the application of communication technology with ever growing Internet, explosive development of mobile communication and the ever-increasing impact of video communication to store the data in a compact way for minimum cost of storage and transmission. There are various compression techniques available which are capable of application specific large compression ratios. This paper presents the Multi Stage Vector Quantization (MSVQ) based on LBG algorithm and Partial Distance Search (PDS) method, which is most suitable for faster encoding required in multimedia applications.


This paper examines the determinants of foreign entry mode choice in China's banking sector with a focus on strategic investment and wholly- owned subsidiaries. On the institution side, this paper finds that regulation/deregulation of host country on foreign financial institutions, especially the regulation on business scope and entry requirements, affect foreign entry mode choice. On the resource side, strategic investment provides foreign financial institutions access to location-specific resources, especially customer information, and then the wholly-owned subsidiaries of financial institutions would like to utilize the location-specific resources to do their own business.


A stochastic model of sound propagation in damping medium is proposed. It consists of: (1) Ito's stochastic differential equation describing the sound propagation, (2) a potential which models the damping effects. However, due to presence of path integrals this model is elaborate and time consuming, hence inappropriate for numerical simulations and/or model calibrations. To make it simpler we usde the classical results of stochastic analysis; Feynman-Kac formula and Girsanov tansformation obtaining easy-to-use computational procedure for practical purposes.


To focus on the problems of low transport efficiency, poor ship-borne suitability of the present large and medium caliber naval guns, utilizing information correlation and integration technology, this paper put forward and built the decision-making method of intelligent transporting and supplying of projectiles in Petri net. The method used the technologies such as mixed storage, intelligent decision and real-time transport to actualize clustering transportation for projectiles (CTP) of magazines. Through the systematic research under the multiple working conditions such as start and stop and multi field coupling conditions of wind, wave and current. The result shows that: compared with conventional projectile transportation methods, the cycle and frequency of random transportation and replenishment of projectiles improve significantly with clustering transportation for projectiles of magazines in Petri net, which means the replenishment efficiency of naval gun is improved effectively, and the conflict problem in projectiles transportation and replenishment has been solved. The projectile transportation platform with CTP method realized not only the variable-speed transportation and replenishment of projectiles with the condition of compatible projectile transportation and replenishment, but also continuous efficient transportation and replenish of projectiles. Its volumetric rate and ship-borne suitability were improved obviously.


Sickle cell disorder (SCD) is a genetic disorder of haemoglobin with a wide spectrum of severity and manifestations. It is a significant global public health problem and is mainly widespread among many tribal populations. Sickle cell disease (SCD) in pregnancy poses a unique challenge due to the physiological changes in pregnancy, the multitude of various organs involved, and its complications. The databases of PubMed, MedLine ResearchGate, EMbase, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched for literature about SCDs published up to 2021. Search terms and phrases used were 'sickle cell disease', 'sickle cell disease and pregnancy', 'anaesthesia and analgesia in sickle cell disease' and 'transfusion in sickle cell disease'. Original articles, guidelines, review articles, case reports, letters to editor and abstracts were reviewed with particular focus on pathophysiology and anaesthetic implications of sickle cell anaemia with pregnancy. While ample literature is available on SCDs, there is a paucity of literature on SCDs with pregnancy. In this review, we have attempted to present the relevant literature in a comprehensible manner.


Post-obstructive diuresis (POD) is a specific entity which may occur post catheterization and is a rare but potentially lifethreatening condition if not recognized and managed appropriately. However, prolonged bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) can cause severe structural and functional tubular damage. Complications that may arise: volume depletion, hyponatremia/ hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia, metabolic acidosis, hypovolemic shock and death.


Objective To determine the relationship between serum soluble Klotho(sKL) level and abdominal aortic calcification in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients.Methods One hundred and twenty nine cases of MHD patients were


Abstract This article engages with the widely used academic concept of discourse. The aim is threefold: first, to provide a comprehensive overview of how the notion of discourse is conceived based on (a) definitions in the academic literature, (b) dictionary definitions, and (c) corpus data; second, to define discourse as a set of related representations; and, third, to suggest a basis for a typology of discourses. Following Peirce, a representation is regarded as a relationship between a signifier, signified element, and interpretant. A basis for a typology is developed by considering various types of representations and ways they are related.


In this paper, a theoretical analysis on the relation between order parameters and activity coefficients of mixed model membranes is presented to overcome its empiricism in the previous studies- On the basis of statistical mechanics of order parameter, our discussion employs the mean-field approximation and leads, by means of classic thermodynamics, to a theoretical expression which demonstrates the concerned relation. Then a primary test that calculates the activity coefficients of POPC of system cholesterol/POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-phosphatidylch by the proposed expression is carried out- Calculated values of activity coefficients for two concentrations at five temperatures are obtained. Com-pared to the.literature method, this work can better represent the behavior that activity coef-ficient changes with respect to temperature. In addition, the result shows that activity coeffi-cients are not sensitive to temperature within the given range of temperature. This indicates that the effect of temperature upon molecular interaction in the lipid bilayer of cholesterol/POPC is not s'ignificant.


─ In this paper, a mm-wave radar is devised to monitor the micro-deformation of bridges and its performance is verified via monitoring a highway and a freight railway bridges. The radar interferometry technology is utilized to develop the compact and portable mm-wave radar. Experiments are set up to monitor a highway bridge around Beijing-Tianjin expressway which is near the sixth ring roads of Beijing and a Daqin freight railway bridge in Yanqing, Beijing. The experimental results demonstrate that the devised radar can detect the micro-deformation of the bridge vibration with a super-resolution and high precision, making the mm-wave radar promising for bridge monitoring, dam monitoring, debris flow monitoring applications. Index Terms ─ Micro-deformation monitoring, millimeter (mm) wave radar, super-resolution and high precision.


The overall objective of this program is to build an effective and practical and efficient campus network. First, it clarifys the needs of the existing campus network, such as online office, school finance, e-mail and other related network information services. Then it provides a method to meet current, namely the use of Gigabit Ethernet. Finally, the network indicates a greater in the future state solution: using Gigabit network.


This paper demonstrates that fine-grained (2–3 μm), transparent Nd:YAG can be achieved at SiO2 doping levels as low as 0.02 wt% by the sinter plus hot isostatic pressing (HIP) approach. Fine grain size is assured by sintering to 98% density, in order to limit grain growth, followed by HIP. Unlike dry-pressed samples, tape-cast samples were free of large, agglomerate-related pores after sintering, and thus high transparency (i.e., >80% transmission at 1064 nm) could be achieved by HIP at <1750°C along with lower silica levels, thereby avoiding conditions shown to cause exaggerated grain growth. Grain growth was substantially limited at lower SiO2 levels because silica is soluble in the YAG lattice up to ∼0.02–0.1 wt% at 1750°C, thus allowing sintering and grain growth to occur by solid-state diffusional processes. In contrast, liquid phase enhanced densification and grain growth occur at ∼0.08–0.14 wt% SiO2, especially at higher temperatures, because the SiO2 solubility limit is exceeded.


Let G be a nonabelian group and associate a noncommuting graph ∇(G) with G as follows: The vertex set of ∇(G) is G\Z(G) with two vertices x and y joined by an edge whenever the commutator of x and y is not the identity. In 1987, Professor J. G. Thompson gave the following conjecture. Thompson's Conjecture. If G is a finite group with Z(G) = 1 and M is a nonabelian simple group satisfying N(G) = N(M), then G ≅ M, where N(G):={n ∈ ℕ | G has a conjugacy class of size n}. In 2006, A. Abdollahi, S. Akbari, and H. R. Maimani put forward a conjecture (AAM's conjecture) in Abdollahi et al. (2006) as follows. AAM's Conjecture. Let M be a finite nonabelian simple group and G a group such that ∇(G) ≅ ∇ (M). Then G ≅ M. In this short article we prove that if G is a finite group with ∇(G) ≅ ∇ (A 10), then G ≅ A 10, where A 10 is the alternating group of degree 10.


Students are given both the opportunity and the responsibility of becoming owners of their education plans. Strong faculty guidance is provided to ensure integrity, and is essential for crafting well balanced plans of study. Flexibility in the curriculum, which allows students to pursue various areas of interest and undertake multidisciplinary projects, must be balanced against a rigorous foundation. Emphasis on project work, applications and professional practice must be balanced against developing strong theoretical and analytical skills.


The managed-lane concept employs operational strategies for managing travel demand. These operational aspects combine with unique design elements to improve the efficiency of freeway facilities. These design and operations features involve some unique conditions in order to be effective. This paper describes the concept of managed lanes and some of the technical challenges that influence the successful implementation of priced managed lanes. These challenges include defining operating objectives, deciding about lane separation, access design, signage and driver information, enforcement, traffic management and toll integration. Although some research is available to help toll operators, continued research and practice will enhance the success of future managed lane projects.


Aim: This experiment studied the light absorption laws of the blood components between 240-800nm. Methods: The absorbance and transmittance of the blood components were measured by applying a model UV-365 double beam scanning spectrophotometer with an integral sphere, between 240-800nm. Results: The results show: 1) The absorbance and transmittance laws resemble each other in blood of the Groups A,B,AB and O. 2) Between 600-800nm, the absorbances of the whole blood, erythrocyte, leukocyte, plasma and serum are less than 5%, while the transmittances of them are more than 95%. 3) To erythrocyte and lymphocyte, typical absorption peaks appear at 416.57±1.90, 542.71±1.80, 578.57±1.81nm. Conclusion: These results provide some useful parameters for the optical properties of blood and the clinical applications.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal tumors worldwide. So far, the only treatment option for unresectable HCC is the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib, an inhibitor of the Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling pathway, which is one of the major pathways implicated in HCC. Although HCC cannot be cured by sorafenib treatment, targeting the MAPK pathway may be a promising strategy for HCC therapy. In order to improve HCC treatment, it is of particular importance to understand the action of sorafenib in more detail. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of its effects was performed in HCC cells and tissue and compared to specific inhibitors of the MAPK pathway. In my thesis, the following aspects could be demonstrated: 1.Both, Sorafenib and MEK-specific inhibitors repressed the MAPK signaling pathway, but had partially opposite effects on other signaling pathways like Akt signaling. As a consequence, HCC cell numbers were reduced after sorafenib and MEK inhibitor treatment, but cell division was mainly inhibited by sorafenib and to a low extent by the MEK inhibitors. In contrast, apoptosis was stronger induced by the MEK inhibitors, but differences were observed between the cell lines. This suggests that in HCC besides the MAPK pathway other signaling pathways play an important role and need to be targeted in addition to the MAPK pathway. 2.HCC cell lines expressed a variety of surface molecules which are associated with tumor progression. In addition, they secreted several chemokines and growth factors which favor tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway modulated both surface molecule expression and secretion of several chemokines and growth factors, whereby, tumor progression is inhibited. 3.NK cells are supposed to be important for fighting against HCC, but in HCC tumor tissue, NK cells were almost absent. There, the microenvironment was altered with an increase of several chemokines and angiogenic factors. These alterations might account for the decreased numbers of NK cells. In vitro treatment of resected HCC tissue with sorafenib resulted in a substantial decrease in the concentration of these increased factors. This indicates that alterations of the microenvironment might be also induced by sorafenib in HCC patients and, thereby, affecting recruitment of immune cells, NK cells in particular, into the tumor tissue.


Mitochondria were isolated by ultracentrifugation from homogenates of both medullary and cortical areas of dog kidney. The extent of particle swelling was estimated by optical methods in sucrose solutions. Mitochondria isolated from medullary areas had a much higher content of osmotically active material than did those from cortical areas as determined by the molarity of sucrose in which swelling failed to occur. Vasopressin caused an increased uptake of water in medullary mitochondria as measured by this method but had no effect on cortical mitochondria.


In MIMO communication systems,an eigen-beamforming algorithm which could reduce the symbol error rate effectively was proposed.Suppose the receiver can fulfill the channel estimation accurately,and feedback the channel correlation matrix to the transmitter in time,research was made on the eigen-beamforming algorithm in which both the transmitter and receiver use multiple antennas,and give detailed analysis and ratiocination.Based on the work above,the combination of beamforming and space-time block code was studied in order to increase the information transfer rate per hertz.Simulation result shows that the symbol error rate can be reduced remarkably when the receiver uses multiple antennas other than only one.The eigen-beamforming algorithm could improve the performance effectively by providing beamforming gain and diversity gain simultaneously.


Since Hainan is an island far away from the mainland, it has many differences in history,economy and culture with the mainland. Thereby, compared with the mainland, the social environment of Hainan juvenile's family, school atmosphere are very different, which is also reflected in the juvenile crime. Reformatory investigations and interviews reveal a worrying situation of Hainan juvenile delinquency, especially the violence crime. In recent years, there are some new changes in Hainan juvenile crime other than the past, which presents some local characteristics different from other regions. How to construct the Hainan juvenile crime prevention system according to these new changes and the local characteristics is an urgent issue needs to be solved, and the establishment of the prevention system also needs legal support and guidance.


Novel lithium difluoro(sulfato)borate (LiBF2SO4) was synthesized by the reaction between (C2H5)2O·BF3 and basic Li2SO4 in an aprotic solvent. Compared with conventional LiPF6-based electrolytes, the LiBF2SO4-based electrolyte exhibits good electrochemical stability, stable cycle performance, super rate performance and reduced impedance.


The hydrodynamic behavior of fluids in the finite-(k,\ensuremath{\omega}) region is usually described by means of generalized hydrodynamics through (k,\ensuremath{\omega})-dependent transport coefficients. Here we have developed Grad's-solution method for solving the Boltzmann equation up to 26 moments; the fluxes associated with the heat flow and the viscosity tensor are considered physically relevant for the description of the system. We obtain the characteristic equations of the generalized hydrodynamics scheme and the following additional results: (i) some particular stationary solutions leading to the usual transport coefficients; (ii) constitutive equations for the viscous tensor and the heat flux, which in the wave-vector space lead to k-dependent transport coefficients; (iii) Maxwell-Cattaneo-like equations in nonstationary states with relaxation times expressed in terms of collision integrals; and (iv) the (k,\ensuremath{\omega})-dependent transport coefficients associated with the generalized hydrodynamic regime and their relationship with the relaxation times associated with the fluxes.


Summary

A detailed discussion is given of various signal processing techniques for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of the Rayleigh wave of an event. These methods are evaluated on the basis of their performance using LASA data, as well as complexity of implementation. The problem of detecting one Rayleigh wave in the presence of the coda of another larger Rayleigh wave is also considered. A detection method is proposed and its performance is evaluated and shown to be quite impressive. Analysis of long-period noise at NORSAR has been performed and the results are presented. In addition, the results of a simultaneous analysis of long-period noise at ALPA and LASA are also given.


Experimental data for the use of riprap and cable-tied blocks to protect the fill material at spill-through bridge abutments are presented, including data by Eve (1999) for riprap, and by Hoe (2001) for cable-tied blocks. The experiments were undertaken under clear-water conditions, which are relevant to bridge abutments situated in the floodplain. Eve (1999) studied the use of riprap at spill-through bridge abutments under clear-water scour conditions. She determined that riprap is an effective protection for spill-through abutment fill material. A particular focus of the project was the use of an apron of riprap to protect the toe of the spill-through slopes. Based on her observations of progressive failure of the abutment embankments, she developed a relation for determining the extent of protection. Hoe (2001) undertook similar investigations to those of Eve, using cable-tied blocks in place of riprap. The same experimental flume and abutment and flow configurations were used in both studies. Hoe determined that although cable-tied blocks can offer protection to spill-through abutment fill material, the technique is probably inferior to the use of riprap.


The perception of attended speech with multiple competing speakers has been a longstanding challenge for cochlear implant (CI) users. Since brain has the ability to automatically track attended speech with auditory selective attention, this provides an effective strategy to incorporate listeners' intention to improve the processing of attended speech stream for CI users in competing environments. In this study, two speech streams (two stories narrated by different genders) processed by a vocoder simulating CI speech processing were concurrently presented, and the subjects were demanded to pay attention to one target stream. Four conditions at 3 dB, 0 dB, -3 dB and -6 dB target-to-masker ratios were displayed to investigate the effect of the relative intensity of a competing speaker on the cortical tracking of attended vocoded speech. The electroencephalographic responses were measured and correlated with the slow amplitude fluctuations of the speech signals via a temporal response function. Results showed that the neural responses for attended speech stimuli differed with those for unattended stimuli, indicating the possibility to use robust cortical representation of attentional modulation to classify attended and unattended vocoded speech streams.


Simple Summary Breast cancer is a major public health problem with a large impact on the life of patients and their families. It is a highly curable disease when detected early, and an inevitably mortal disease when discovered too late. Therapy resistance and metastases are the most critical clinical issues faced by breast cancer oncologists nowadays. It has become evident that interactions between carcinoma cells and tumor microenvironment are an essential part of tumor growth and progression. Cells that support the function of epithelial cells, like cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), contribute to therapy resistance and metastasis via the production of several secreted factors and direct interaction with cancer cells. Here we review the role of CAFs in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine and targeted therapies resistance. We also highlight the role of CAFs and fibroblasts from metastatic sites in metastasis progression. Finally, we discuss advances and potential therapeutic strategies to target CAFs for overcoming resistance and preventing metastases. Abstract Breast cancer (BrCa) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, with about one million new cases diagnosed each year. In spite of the improvements in diagnosis, early detection and treatment, there is still a high incidence of mortality and failure to respond to current therapies. With the use of several well-established biomarkers, such as hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), as well as genetic analysis, BrCa patients can be categorized into multiple subgroups: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and Basal-like, with specific treatment strategies. Although chemotherapy and targeted therapies have greatly improved the survival of patients with BrCa, there is still a large number of patients who relapse or who fail to respond. The role of the tumor microenvironment in BrCa progression is becoming increasingly understood. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the principal population of stromal cells in breast tumors. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of CAFs' role in altering the tumor response to therapeutic agents as well as in fostering metastasis in BrCa. In addition, we also review the available CAFs-directed molecular therapies and their potential implications for BrCa management.


Introduction: Circulating total bilirubin is known to be inversely and independently associated with future risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship of circulating total bilirubin with incident hypertension is uncertain. Objective: We aimed to assess the association of total bilirubin with future hypertension risk. However, data on the relationship between bilirubin and blood pressure are scarce and inconclusive. Methods: We analysed data with a 50 minimal sufficient adjustment set of variables (MSAS) needed to estimate the unconfounded effect of bilirubin on blood pressure and hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or using antihypertensive medication) was identified using the back-door criterion and included in all regression models. Results: In this prospective study, after adjustment for the MSAS variables, systolic blood pressure decreased progressively up to -2.5 mm Hg (p < 0.001) and the prevalence of hypertension was up to 25% lower (P < 0.001) in those with bilirubin ≥1.0 mg/ dl-the highest two deciles-compared with those with 0.1-0.4 mg/dl-the lowest decile. Sensitivity analyses showed these results were unlikely to be explained by residual confounding or selection bias. Conclusion: High serum bilirubin may decrease the risk of hypertension by inactivating and inhibiting the synthesis of reactive oxygen species in vascular cells. Strategies to boost the bioavailability of circulating and tissue bilirubin or to mimic bilirubin's antioxidant properties could have a significant impact on prevention and control of hypertension as well as coronary heart disease.


Allergens are foreign proteins that when come in contact of part(s) of human body stimulate the production of immunoglobulin types of proteins (antibodies). These allergens react with antibodies (immunoglobulin type E or IgE) produces allergic reactions, also known as immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions. As much as 20% of the general population may be affected by grass pollen as a major cause of allergic disease. EXPB class of proteins are known in the immunological literature as group-1 grass pollen allergens Molecular docking method can be used to identify the predicated the interaction of pollen allergen EXPB1 (Zea m 1), a beta-expansin and group-1 pollen allergen from maize with IgE molecules of human. The World Health Organization recognised allergen immunotherapy, as therapeutics for allergic diseases. RNA Interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules e.g. Small Interfering RNAs (siRNAs) inhibit gene expression, by cleavage and destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Use of Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) is a novel method in the induction of RNA Interference (RNAi), which is a potent method for therapeutics of allergic reactions. Due to various effects of STAT 6 proteins during hypersensitivity reactions caused by pollen allergens, mRNA of STAT6 gene is selected as target gene for allergy therapeutics via Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS). Using molecular docking study a specific sense siRNA is identified as anti allergic drug to treat allergic asthma during immediate type of hypersensitivity reaction, caused by Zea m 1 pollen allergen. Molecular-Docking-Based Anti-Allergic Drug Design


China Yangtze Power Co. Ltd (CYPC) has been transferred from the former Gezhouba hydropower plant. It's the largest hydropower company in China. The successful corporate reform and restructuring of this state owned company is presented in detail. It transferred the social functions to the local government. The Company currently has only about 1800 employees. The Company issued 2,326,000,000 ordinary A-shares to the public in the IPO (initial public offering) in November 2003, and got a fund of about 10 billion RMB. And the Company acquired four generating units initially put into operation under Three Gorges Project in 2003. It has established a very good example not only for the electric system but also for all other industries in China.


Firstly,10 indices were selected,The factors for the college tuition were evaluated by the factor analysis method.Finally,the result showed that the main factors were the scheme of funds input and the actual strength of the colleges,and there were not apprarent differences among ten colleges.


We formulate a reference governor algorithm for hybrid systems modeled as hybrid equations, in which the continuous dynamics are governed by a constrained differential equation and the discrete dynamics by a constrained difference equation. Basic definitions, models, and properties of the proposed hybrid reference governor approach are introduced and a time-based implementation is formulated. We apply the methodology to hybrid equations with linear right-hand side in both the differential and difference equations and with explicit logic variables. We illustrate the approach in examples.


This article explores the recontextualisation process of educational diversity in the context of recent educational policy changes in Spain. The article, based on Bernstein's theory of the structuring of pedagogic discourse, argues that the concept of educational diversity can be understood as a pedagogic device structured by a set of rules which regulate the distribution and understanding of its possible meanings. The analysis is based on an empirical study developed during two years (1996-98) in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. This research project combined the exploration of education policy documents and pedagogic texts with teacher and headteacher interviews carried out in four secondary schools. The article presents the complex methodological strategies developed and the main results obtained from the analysis. Three main processes (individualisation, normalisation and professionalisation) are identified as internal rules that regulate the recontextualisation process of educational diversity. Al...


Conventional iterative timing recovery is developed based on the widely used assumption of Additive White Gaussian noise (AWGN) interference. The Gaussian-based approach is excellent for timing recovery over AWGN channel with matched filtering approach but does not perform well in the presence of non-Gaussian noise. Overall performance of the conventional iterative timing recovery with matched filtering is significantly degraded in non-Gaussian channel. The root cause of the degradation is due to the received symbols are purged by the impulsive outliers from the non-Gaussian channels. Hence, this paper proposed a mitigation technique to address the issue for iterative timing recovery. In order to overcome this problem, a Matched Myriad filtering framework is proposed to be incorporated into iterative timing recovery as front-end receive filter. With the k tuning parameter of the robust Matched Myriad filter which caters for varying channel conditions, the iterative timing recovery can perform robustly and its performance is close to the benchmark of having its performance over the Gaussian channel. It is shown from simulations that more reliable received samples can be acquired to produce the accurate timing estimates and outputs.


The nonlinear behaviour of direct torque controlled (DTC) induction machine (IM) is studied. The nonlinearity is due to the dependence of the switching instants on the state variables. The aim is to derive analytical relations for the determination of the time evolution of state variables and on that basis to reveal the possible states of the system such as periodic, subharmonic and chaotic states


Fundamental questions concerning the mass diffusion properties of biological systems under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions still remain due to the lack of experimental techniques capable of visualizing and measuring mass diffusion phenomena with a high accuracy. As a consequence, there is a need to develop new experimental techniques that can deepen our understanding of mass diffusion. Moreover, steady natural convection in a tilted three-dimensional rectangular enclosure has not yet been studied. This tilt can be a slight defect of the experimental device or can be imposed on purpose. In this dissertation, heat and mass transfer phenomena in parallelepiped enclosures are studied focusing on convectionless thermodiffusion and on natural convection of pure fluids (without thermodiffusion). Mass diffusion is studied with a novel optical technique, while steady natural convection is first studied in detail with an improved numerical analysis and then with the same optical technique initially developed for diffusion measurements. A construction of a precise optical interferometer to visualize and measure mass diffusion is described. The interferometer comprises a polarizing Mach–Zehnder interferometer, a rotating polariser, a CCD camera, and an original image-processing algorithm. A method to determine the isothermal diffusion coefficient as a function of concentration is proposed. This method uses an inverse analysis coupled with a numerical calculation in order to determine the diffusion coefficients from the transient concentration profiles measured with the optical system. Furthermore, thermodiffusion of protein molecules is visualized for the first time. The proposed method has three main advantages in comparison to similar methods: (i) reduced volume sample, (ii) short measurement time, and (iii) increased hydrodynamic stability of the system. These methods are validated by determining the thermophysical properties of benchmark solutions. The optical technique is first applied to study isothermal diffusion of protein solutions in: (a) dilute binary solutions, (b) binary solutions with a wide concentration range, and (c) dilute ternary solutions. The results show that (a) the isothermal diffusion coefficient in dilute systems decreases with molecular mass, as roughly predicted by the Stokes-Einstein equation; (b) BSA protein has a hard-sphere-like diffusion behaviour and lysozyme protein a soft sphere characteristic; and (c) the cross-term effect between the diffusion species in a dilute ternary system is negligible. The optical technique is then applied to (d) non-isothermal dilute binary solutions, revealing that that the aprotinin (6.5 kDa) and lysozyme (14.3 kDa) molecules are thermophilic and thermophobic, respectively, when using water as solvent at room temperature. Finally, the optical technique is applied to study Rayleigh-Benard convection in a horizontal cubical cavity. Since natural convection can be studied in more depth by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, a bifurcation analysis is proposed to conduct a thorough study of natural convection in three-dimensional parallelepiped cavities. Here, a continuation method is developed from a three-dimensional spectral finite element code. The proposed numerical method is particularly well suited for the studies involving complex bifurcation diagrams of three-dimensional convection in rectangular parallelepiped cavities. This continuation method allows the calculation of solution branches, the stability analysis of the solutions along these branches, the detection and precise direct calculation of the bifurcation points, and the jump to newly detected stable or unstable branches, all this being managed by a simple continuation algorithm. This can be used to calculate the bifurcation diagrams describing the convection in tilted cavities. [...]


A series of copolymers with poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (P(DMAEMA)), and poly(propylene glycol methacry- late) (PPGMA) segments were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique. The composition and structural information of the copolymers were studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), 1 H-NMR, and TGA. The critical micellization concentrations (CMCs), as well as thermodynamic parameters for micelle formation, of these water-soluble copolymers were deter- mined at different temperatures. The micelles formed were temperature and pH responsive as determined by lower critical solution temperature (LCST) measurements at different pH environments. At elevated temperatures and low pH, micelles will form with the hydrophobic P(PPGMA) core and the hydrophilic P(DMAEMA) corona. When the temperature is lowered and the pH raised, the morphology of the micelles are ''reversed.'' In this situation, micelles will form with the hydrophobic P(DMAEMA) core and the hydrophilic P(PPGMA) corona. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies were carried out and showed that these copolymers were nontoxic to cells. These copolymers thus show significant promise for use as a multiresponsive carrier vehicle for the delivery of drugs and other therapeutics to the body. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 127: 992-1000, 2013


Flow cytometry is an efficient tool for estimation of quantity of DNA in nuclei. The method involves preparation of nuclei suspensions, whose DNA is stained using fluorochromes such as Ethidium Bromide, PI and DAPI. Classification of nuclei is based on their relative fluorescence intensity/ DNA content in comparison with a standard. Flow cytometry has gained popularity owing to its rapidness, easy sample preparation and convenient in usage. It has wide application in plant breeding viz., cell cycle analysis, mixoploids and aneuploids detection, ploidy screening, polysomaty studies, reproductive pathway determination and estimation of genome size.


The present study aimed to use and implement the six hats strategy to know its impact on the cognitive achievement of students in the field of physical education and on the development of their basic handball skills. The present study was conducted on second stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of the University of Kirkuk (Iraq) in the academic year 2020-2021. The students were grouped in tree classes: Class A, Class B and Class C. A total of 60 students were recruited as the sample participants of the study using simple random sampling method. Out of 60 students, 20 participants were selected for the pilot experiment. A total of 40 participants were randomly allocated into two groups, experimental group and control group, with n=20 in each group. Based on the findings of the present study, the researcher concluded that the use of the six hats strategy has a significant effect on the cognitive achievement of the basic skills of handball, which helps in the effective learning of handball basic skills and improves performance in competitive games.
 The present study aimed to use and implement the six hats strategy to know its impact on the cognitive achievement of students in the field of physical education and on the development of their basic handball skills. The present study was conducted on second stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of the University of Kirkuk (Iraq) in the academic year 2020-2021. The students were grouped in tree classes: Class A, Class B and Class C. A total of 60 students were recruited as the sample participants of the study using simple random sampling method. Out of 60 students, 20 participants were selected for the pilot experiment. A total of 40 participants were randomly allocated into two groups, experimental group and control group, with n=20 in each group. Based on the findings of the present study, the researcher concluded that the use of the six hats strategy has a significant effect on the cognitive achievement of the basic skills of handball, which helps in the effective learning of handball basic skills and improves performance in competitive games.


We have performed high-frequency ESR measurements on powder and aligned samples of one-dimensional quantum ferrimagnets, A 3 Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 4 , with A=Sr and Ca. Large shifts of paramagnetic g -values were observed. We explain the observed g -shifts by means of an antiferromagnetic trimer model. Moreover, gradual increases of the linewidth of the ESR spectra are observed, indicating that a short-range correlation between the effective spins on the trimers begins to develop with decreasing temperature below 25 K. Analysis of the ESR signal, taking the local structures around Cu 2+ ions into account, indicates quantum nature of A 3 Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 4 compounds.


The outcome of non-invasive ventilatory support in acute
respiratory failure is dependent, among other things, on the
co-morbidity of the patient. The authors give a survey of the
influence of different diseases in such case.


P·E· teachers is the Key in Course reform.It determines course reform success or not.Researching on the P.E.teachers of Ankang Primary and Secondary school,the paper aims to offer information for education manager to advance the teachers development.


In 2012, Hsieh and Leu proposed a remote user authentication scheme. They use cryptographic hash functions to design their scheme. By designing a method to analyse one-way hash functions, we propose two attacks on their scheme. One is masquerade attack and another is guessing attack. In addition, we point out that their scheme provides no user anonymity and propose a remote user authentication scheme. Our scheme can provide user anonymity. Based on the one-wayness of hash functions and random increasing sequence-based hash chain, our proposed scheme can resist outsider masquerade attack and insider guessing attack.


THIS communication is a record of macroscopical and microscopical examination of 100 brains of Kenya natives. The indigenous population of the Colony is said to be a mixture of Negroid and Hamite stocks. Their physique is poor; that of the Kikuyu, from which tribe 48 per cent. of the material was obtained, has been described by Orr and Gilks as follows: "The physique of the typical male Kikuyu may be judged from recruiting statistics (Tate, 1917-18). Of the 16,754 men of one district of the Reserve who were called up during 1917 for enrolment in the Carrier Corps, 10,912 were immediately rejected on medical grounds. Following the march of one hundred miles to the depot at Nairobi, a further 17 per cent. were rejected as physically unfit." Whether or not this description still holds good for the average native nevertheless, diseases common to other climates are as prevalent amongst the native population as diseases peculiar to the tropics. The high incidence of spirochaetal diseases, yaws and syphilis, must be taken into consideration in any deductions drawn from the findings in this series of brains. Spirochaetal diseases are stated not to affect the central nervous system of Africans, but an investigation just carried out by Dr H. L. Gordon, and my own experience of post-mortem work, do not support this belief for Kenya. The material used was obtained at autopsies carried out personally in the native hospitals of Nairobi, but does not include cases from the prisons or the Mental Hospital. Only brains that appeared to be normal were used, and were all fromn adult males. An adult male was regarded as being one of 18 years of age or more. The 100 cases investigated were as follows: Kikuyu (Bantu) ... ... ... 48 Kavirondo (Bantu) ... ... 16 Jaluo (Nilotic) ... ... ... 15 Wakamba (Bantu) ... ... 11 Other tribes ... ... ... 10 These 100 brains represent the average native population, but do not include any of the so-called educated class. The educated native is generally the product of the mission schools, and in my experience he is rarely seen on the post-mortem table. METHODS


We demonstrate frequency-comb tone multiplication in an InP photonic integrated comb generator made of cascaded modulators. Tone multiplication is achieved driving the dual-drive MZM on the chip with an RF signal and one submultiple.


The imaging system converts raw data for an image to formatted data concurrently with compressing the formatted data for the image. The exemplary imaging system includes an image processor for generating blocks of formatted data from raw image data. The exemplary imaging system also includes an image compressor for compressing the blocks of formatted data. The compressor compresses one or more of the blocks while the image processor generates one or more blocks of formatted data.


Research paper titles in English bear some features in such aspects as phonology, lexicology, grammar, semantics, rhetoric and graphology. The phonological features, though not highlighted in general, are at times manifested through the exploitation of alliteration, rhyme, assonance, conversion, etc. The lexical features are seen in the economical use of common words with narrow meanings, of specialized words that are precise and impersonal, and of words that are typical for titles. The grammatical features are implied in the four grammar - based categories:titles in the form of phrases, clauses, sentences and combinations of titles and subtitles. The semantic features are typified by the formal, impersonal tone of voice, the laconic sense of completion , and the heavy pre - modification of nouns in particular. The rhetorical features lie in the adoption of such figures of speech as interrogation, metaphor, allusion and repetition. Research paper titles in English also bear striking graphological features.


The perception of fire commanding officers is defined as a sharp sense of predicting the development of a fire disaster.This perception is closely connected with the effective control of a fire disaster.This paper explains the necessity and the significance of training this perception based on the practice and in terms of fire knowledge,the awareness,the observation and imagination.


CoxPt100-x (33 ≤ x ≤ 97) thin films were fabricated by RF sputtering method with various sputtering Ar gas pressure PAr and film thickness t and applied to hard magnetic tips for Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM). The coercivity Hc of Co-Pt films, which were fabricated under high PAr, increased in the Co concentration range beyond 60at. % Co. The maximum value of μ0Hc, 0.27T was obtained for the Co79Pt21 films with PAr=10.7Pa and t=40nm. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that hcp phase exists in the films with high coercivity. The anisotropy field μ0Ha of the hcp phase was estimated about 1.0T by singular point detection technique. The high coercivity of the films is attributed to domain wall pinning from the minor loop behavior. The MFM tips with Co79Pt21 films on Si cantilevers gave finer contrast in MFM images than commercial CoCr MFM tips for magnetic recording media.


The objective is to establish an empirical relationship between measurements of radar, aeolian, and surface roughness on a variety of natural surfaces and to understand the underlying physical causes. This relationship will form the basis for developing a predictive equation to derive aeolian roughness from radar backscatter. Results are given from investigations carried out in 1989 on the principal elements of the project, with separate sections on field studies, radar data analysis, laboratory simulations, and development of theory for planetary applications.


1. The Earth and Biogeochemical Cycling 2. The Aquatic Environment 3. The Acidity of Water 4. Metal Complexes in Solution 5. Oxidation and Reduction 6. Dissolution and Deposition Processes 7. Case Studies


Buras (local) chicken at starter phase were treated with broiler commercial feeds for their performances. The  research was conducted at Laboratory of Animal Productin and Reproduction of Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic. The aims of this research were to measure the early  preformance of buras chicken (stain KS 808) and to know the kind of coercial feed which give more effective effect on daily gain. Experimental design which  used is complitely randomize design which consist of 3 tretaments and 5 replication. The commercial feed treatments are: PI ( BR I), P2 ( CP 11) and P3 ( 511).The giving of starter feed BR1, CP 11 dan CP 511 to buras chiken showed that average weekly consuption is 320,065gr/head/week, feed convertion is 0,456 and average gain is 203 gr/head/week. All kinds of commercial feed give the same effect on feed consumption, feed convertion and daily gain, so three kinds of commercial feed can be used in buras chicken production. Keyword : Native chicken, starter phase, feed consumption, feed convertion, daily gain


Introduction:
 Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare and life-threatening complication related to extensive deep venous thrombosis (DVT) resulting in acute limb ischemia. Treatment options include anticoagulation, thrombolysis and thrombectomy. Case: A 31-year-old female with a history of ulcerative colitis (UC) on chronic steroids presented with acute dyspnea and tachycardia. She was hemodynamically stable. The initial workup included a lower extremity (LE) Doppler ultrasound (US) which showed an acute occlusive thrombus involving the left posterior tibial and popliteal veins, and a computerized tomography angiography (CTA) of her chest which showed bilateral pulmonary emboli. She was placed on heparin drip for 48 hours but due to an episode of acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding due to severe UC, anticoagulation was discontinued after an inferior vena cava filter placement and she was discharged from the hospital. After 1 month, she presented with severe diarrhea, hypotension and tachycardia. A chest CTA showed reduced clot burden compared to prior. On hospital day 2, the patient experienced acute onset of severe left LE pain, bluish skin discoloration and rapidly progressing edema. A repeat US showed progression of DVT to the left common femoral vein. The findings were consistent acute limb ischemia in the setting of PCD. She was managed with emergent thrombectomy, with significant amount of thrombus retrieved. Gastroenterology was consulted and GI bleeding did not recur.

 Discussion:
 Due to its rarity, there are limited data available to guide PCD management in the setting of elevated bleeding risk such as severe UC. However, after a risk-benefit assessment, we determined that this young patient should be treated with anticoagulation and undergo emergent thrombectomy, which resulted in significant improvement of her symptoms. We highlight the importance of multidisciplinary approach, early diagnosis and prompt treatment in these complex patients.


Aim To investigate the effect of Trichostatin A(T SA)on histone deacetylase (HDAC1) and P21 WAF1/CIP1,cyclin dependent ki nase inhibitor,in NB4 cells for exploring the underlying mechanism of TSA in an ti-leukemia.Methods The total proteins and P21 WAF1/CIP1 mRN A were extracted from acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells treated with or wit hout TSA of different concentrations at different time points,Western blot anal ysis was performed to determine the level of HDAC1 and P21 WAF1/CIP1 protei n,respectively,and RT-PCR was performed to detect the level of P21 WAF1/CI P1 mRNA.Results (1)The level of HDAC1 was obviously inhibited by TSA,and had decreased at 4 hours at IC 50 and lasted for 48 h. The inhibi tion of HDAC1 was significant at the TSA concentration of 37.5 nmol·L -1 , but there was no difference between 75~300 nmol·L -1.(2)The levels of P21 WAF1/CIP1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated by TSA in dose-and ti me-dependent manner,and mRNA increased in 8 h,but the P21 WAF1/CIP1 prot ein was detected at 12 hours and lasted for 48 hours.Conclusion TSA could inhibit the level of HDAC1 and enhance the expression of P21 WAF1/CIP1 protein and mRNA,and the results suggest that inhibiting HDAC1 and increasin g P21 WAF1/CIP1 may be one of the possible mechanisms of anti-leukemia by TSA.


A structure's level of damage is determined using a non-linear model-based method utilizing a Bouc-Wen hysteretic model. It employs adaptive least mean squares (LMS) filtering theory in real time to identify changes in stiffness due to modeling error damage, as well as permanent displacements, which are critical to determining ongoing safety and use. The structural health monitoring (SHM) method is validated on a 4-story shear structure model undergoing seismic excitation with 10% uniform noise added. The method identifies stiffness changes within 0.5-1.0% inside 0.2-1.0 seconds at different sampling frequencies. Permanent deflections are identified to within 10% of the true value in 1.0 second, converging further over the remainder of the record.


Weather hazards pose considerable danger to cash crops production, farmers suffers major loses in income due to the poor yield associated with the weather problems. This study examined the effects of rainfall on water use and yield of cocoa in Nigeria and other variables such as producer prices, exchange rate and level of national income (GDP). The effect of total rainfall, producer prices, exchange rate and GDP on the yields of Cocoa was estimated for the period 1970-2003 in Nigeria. The methods of analysis employed in the study were mainly error-correction model (ECM) within the context of co-integration theory. Also, results showed that all the variables are not stationary at their levels and thus, a need for differencing once to attain stationarity. Statistical significance of the error-correction terms for the yield validates the existence of an equilibrium relationship among the variables in each of these co-integrating vectors. However, rainfall, producer price, and GDP were the most significant factors influencing the yield of cocoa. Efforts to boost the production of cocoa will need to incorporate policy measures to improve producer prices, address the problem of global warming and create enabling environment for local industries and income redistribution for all and sundry that would increased country's GDP.


Abstract : The authors describe a proof by a computer program of the unsolvability of the halting problem. The halting problem is posed in a constructive, formal language. The computational paradigm formalized is Pure LISP, not Turing machines. They believe this is the first instance of a machine proving that a given problem is not solvable by machine.


Weutilizetheexperimentallyknowndifferenceofthe Λ separationenergiesofthemirrorhypernuclei 4 Λ He and 4 Λ H to constrain the Λ -neutron interaction. We include the leading charge-symmetry breaking (CSB) interaction into our hyperon-nucleon interaction derived within chiral effective field theory at next-to-leading order. In particular, we determine the strength of the two arising CSB contact terms by a fit to the differences of the separation energies of these hypernuclei in the 0 + and 1 + states, respectively. By construction, the resulting interaction describes all low energy hyperon-nucleon scattering data, the hypertriton and the CSB in 4 Λ He- 4 Λ H accurately. This allows us to provide first predictions for the Λ n scattering lengths, based solely on available hypernuclear data.


N-(p- or m-Vinylphenyl)-N′-isopropyl- and cyclohexylcarbodiimides (3) have been synthesized in reasonable yields by first synthesizing the substituted ureas by the reactions p- or m-vinylaniline with isopropyl or cyclohexyl isocyanate in THF and the subsequent dehydration with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine. The monomers 3 were found to polymerize smoothly with AIBN to afford vinyl polymers bearing the corresponding carbodiimide units as pendants in more or less cross-linked forms. The cross-linked insoluble polymers thus obtained can act as a dehydrative coupling agent in reactions such as the formation of peptide linkages.


Abstract We present frequency analysis of the Kepler light curve of KIC 10486425, an eclipsing binary system with a pulsating component. The parameters of the binary were obtained by modelling the light curve with the Wilson-Devinney program. The residuals from this modelling were subject to Fourier analysis which allowed us to detect 120 periodic terms characteristic for γ Dor-type pulsations. The dominant frequency of these changes amounts to 1.3189 d−1.


Consolidation and overbooking are two important methods to improve the resource utilization in cloud computing. In overbooking cloud environment, the resources occupied by virtual machine are restricted to guarantee performance fairness between multi-tenants. However, the interaction among co-host applications results in performance degradation because of the resource sharing and competition. Previous studies about performance interference mainly focused on traditional virtual environment and didn't take the resource restriction into account. In order to predict the effect of interference in cloud environment, which can give suggestions for resource scheduling in turn, we conduct comprehensive experiments about CPU-intensive application in Cloud. Firstly, the interfering factors of the performance are analyzed, and the relationships between different factors and interference are obtained by using the least squares method. Then, a multivariable exponent interference (MVEI) model is proposed to predict the interference in resource restricted environment. Finally, the experimental results indicates the MVEI model can predict interference more precisely than linear and quadratic model.


A 74-year-old man underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and 12 hours later his cardiac enzymes and electrocardiogram were indicative of new ST elevation myocardial infarction in leads I, aVL, V5 and V6. The patient remained asymptomatic and was released. An echocardiogram performed on the 5th postoperative day demonstrated an incomplete apicolateral ventricular rupture Figure 2. Apical two chamber view in transthoracic echocardiography revealing flow extending from the apical anterior left ventricular cavity through a narrow neck (white arrow) into the PA. LA, left atrium.


This article is an analysis of the broad absorption line properties of a theory of quasars described in a companion paper (Paper I) that differentiates radio-loud quasars from radio-quiet quasars by the magnetic field structure, or lack thereof, in the vortex of an accretion flow around a supermassive rapidly rotating black hole. Nonmagnetic vortices (the radio-quiet case) can initiate radiation pressure-driven jets, as shown in Paper I and these bipolar outflows are candidate broad absorption line regions. The primary emphases of this article are the far-field dynamics and the observational implications of the radiation-driven jets from accretion vortices conjectured to exist in radio-quiet quasars. The well-known confinement problem of the broad line absorbing gas is solved by these hypersonic underexpanded jets as they are collimated kinematically with an opening angle of the order of the inverse of the Mach number. The asymptotic jet velocities are found by a detailed analysis of the force of gravity, continuum radiation pressure, and line-driving forces on the jet plasma. The dynamics are explored through time stationary solutions. However, the general solution is considered to be a superposition of episodic quasistationary funnel ejecta as the accretion flow is most likely dynamically unsteady. The final state outflow is a series of geometrically thin clouds with a distribution of velocities ranging from 0 to ≈ 35,000 km s-1. The most significant implication of this model is that radio-loud quasars (magnetic flux filled accretion vortices) do not have broad absorption line outflows.


Abstract : This report was developed from historical data, past studies, and research on the incidents and accidents involving bird strikes and aircraft and on the potential of solid waste disposal sites to attract and sustain bird movements. This report is in response to Section 203(b)(2) of the Airport and Airway Safety, Capacity, Noise Improvement, and Intermodal Transportation Act of 1992. This section directed a study to be conducted to determine whether a municipal solid waste facility, located within a 5-mile radius of the end of a runway, has the potential for attracting or sustaining bird movements (from feeding, watering, or roosting in the area) and poses a hazard to runways or approach and departure patterns of aircraft.


I N December, 1849, appeared the first publication of the Georgian's discovery. The reasons for his delay have been given in preceding paragraphs. He had long desired a wider field for the practice of his profession, and with his little family and faithful negro servants moved to Atlanta, where he remained one year. He soon had a flourishing practice, and made investments in what is now the business section of the city. On a square across from the Piedmont Hotel stood, until recent years, the twostory brick house he built for a home. At the time of my father's removal, 1851, it had always been the custom in the South for the young physician to have in connection with his office what was called his drug shop, where he rolled his pills, weighed his powders, and compounded his own prescriptions. As his practice and fortunes increased he generally invested in a drug store. My father followed the usual custom, and with his brother, Dr. H. R. J. Long, bought the business of two physicians and pharmacists in Athens who wished to retire, and established what was known for many years as "the largest wholesale and retail drug house in Northeast Georgia." In the rear of the building was the private office. Later in life my father became the owner with his son as junior partner and manager, his practice being so exacting he had but little time for anything else. Says one of his old clerks: "He was quiet, unassuming, gentle and gracious in manner, but was exacting and particular in business dealings and required order, system, and cleanliness in all the appointments of store and office. He was of a sociable disposition, which attracted many friends who enjoyed his quiet pleasantries and good humor." He had so much refinement and delicacy of feeling that no one ventured to use an oath or an obscene word before him. As was the custom in the South, his home had spacious grounds, where grew children, flowers, fruit and vegetables, a large grove under whose shade the children played, a pasture in which the cows grazed, a stream where the horses including the ponies for the children of the family were watered. Sometimes the stable man allowed us to ride the large horses, which we did without saddle or bridle at breakneck speed. The following lines as depicted in my mother's journal, written in 1886, give a glimpse of the home life about this time (1859).


The logic of subsidiarity suggests that problems of global scope require solutions at that level as well. The case for global democratic federalism is briefly stated. A planet-wide citizen's income (PWCI) is proposed as one component in a set of integrated initiatives for confronting persistent and growing global imbalances. Alternative estimates are provided for the individual allocations and the total direct cost of three different levels of planetwide stipends and are contrasted, inter alia, with present levels of official development assistance. Estimates are made of the tax levels necessary to sustain the three funding alternatives. * The author teaches economics and international development studies at McGill University, Montreal. During 2002-2003 he is a visitor at the Chaire Hoover d'Ethique Economique et Sociale, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. He can be contacted at firstname.lastname@example.com PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com 1 It is neither necessary nor desirable that national boundaries should mark sharp differences in standards of living, that membership of a national group should entitle to a share in a cake altogether different from that in which members of other groups share. --Friedrich A. Hayek, 1944, p. 20


In recent years, many students have opted for Higher Education (HE) programs in the West to receive quality education, and compete in today's rapidly growing society. In the Middle East, specifically the Gulf region, HE programs are on the rise as many students now resort to continuing their education in their home countries. Many programs have been brought from the West and adapted to fit the culture by revisiting program learning outcomes and course curricula, while striving to maintain the same quality education that would be received abroad. A growing number of Arab learners who attend such universities in the region come from government and/or private schools where Arabic is the main language of instruction. These non-native English learners have compounded problems with English grammar and writing fluency that the norm of 3 semesters of English Language Teaching (ELT) does not help them perfect their writing and grammar to the required level. The purpose of this paper is to propose that error correction activities based on annotation and discourse analysis are more effective in helping non-native English speaking students see, correct, and avoid grammar errors while enhancing their writing structure and fluency. A case study on 248 students proves its effectiveness in comparison to teaching grammar as a separate entity.