Beginning with defining the concepts related to business method innovation and introducing the development history of business method patent in the banking, this paper carries out a thorough retrieval on Chinese banking's business method patent and then makes an in-depth analysis on its development status. After China's entrance into the WTO, business method patent has become one of the edges of foreign-funded banks to make competition on Chinese financial market. The paper concludes that although Chinese banks have improved their patent protection awareness and patent management, they still do not possess the advantages in the field of business method patent and require more time before carrying out patent strategies. Therefore, Chinese banks have to make further steps to enhance their business method patent's technical content, speed up the patent research in the core technical field and pay close attention to those patent technologies in developed countries' banking.


Purpose
Reviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
Where innovation starts from has given many authors the inspiration to write many books and articles attracting many readers. But how many of them really stick in the mind? It is always the exceptions that prove the rule that stick out, all the way from Archimedes in the bath through to Newton's apple and on to mobile phones based on Star Trek communicators. But while these make for a good story, they represent but a tiny fraction of all ideas that buzz around businesses throughout the world at any given time. For those of us that don't have a dramatic light bulb moment, where should we seek inspiration?

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


Soil salinization is one of the main restrictions for sugarcane growth in tropical irrigated agricultural lands. Tolerant genotypes are being used to counteract salinization effects. Mechanisms of salt tolerance include restrictions of ion uptake, and compartmentation of ions outside photosynthetic tissues. We determined the Na to K, S, and Cl ratios using X-ray analysis of individual cells of root and leaf tissues of a salt tolerant genotype, PR692176, and a salt sensitive genotype, V-78-1, as a measure of the relative accumulation of ions resulting from salt treatments using sodium sulphate and sodium chloride. Our results showed that root xylem parenchyma is the region where most Na is retained under salinity, and that this retention is more effective in the salt tolerant genotype. In leaves, mesophyll and bundle sheath parenchymas were the sites for Na accumulation, and the strongest increases in Na/K ratios were observed in the sensitive genotype. Sodium chloride treatment increased Na/K ratios more markedly than sodium sulphate, and for all tissues addition of Ca to the nutrient solution reduced the increase in Na/K ratios induced by both salt treatments.


The residential complexes in waterfront provide the residents with pleasantness and comfort with their scenety and view in the surrounding watersides. However, it is currently true that there has little been established any designing plan utilizing the environmental characteristics of the waterfront. In this study, a survey was conducted on the residents of a Japanese waterfront. in Nishimiyahama and Lake Biwa, and conducted a comparative and analytic investigation regarding water-friendly activities, residents` consciousness of the housing environment, and reasons for the choice of residenve. From the results, we were able to obtain some suggestive points resulting from the differences of the aforementioned. We also fully comprehended that there are some issues and needs for solution for the environmental characteristics in the waterfront as well as for the damage incurred by salt breeze and insects. In addition, we realized that scenery and view toward watersides are becoming the important factors in the residents` consciousness regarding the housing environment. In case of planning housing complexes located in the waterfront, we keenly understood that "the size of a room", "ventilation", "view and daily lighting", and "securing privacy" are having effects on the residents` consciousness of their housing.


Elucidating quantum coherence effects and geometrical factors for efficient energy transfer in photosynthesis has the potential to uncover nonclassical design principles for advanced organic materials. We study energy transfer in a linear lightharvesting model to reveal that dimerized geometries with strong electronic coherences within donor and acceptor pairs exhibit significantly improved efficiency, which is in marked contrast to predictions of the classical Förster theory. We reveal that energy tuning due to coherent delocalization of photoexcitations is mainly responsible for the efficiency optimization. This coherence-assisted energy-tuning mechanism also explains the energetics and chlorophyll arrangements in the widely studied Fenna−Matthews− Olson complex. We argue that a clustered network with rapid energy relaxation among donors and resonant energy transfer from donor to acceptor states provides a basic formula for constructing efficient light-harvesting systems, and the general principles revealed here can be generalized to larger systems and benefit future innovation of efficient molecular light-harvesting materials. SECTION: Energy Conversion and Storage; Energy and Charge Transport P molecular architectures have recently attracted intensive research interests in chemistry and nanoscience because of their potential to achieve extraordinary optoelectronic properties. For example, in natural photosynthesis, sophisticated pigment−protein complexes are responsible for absorbing light energy and transferring the excitation energy across tens of nanometers to the reaction center with near-unity quantum efficiency.1−5 Inspired by these remarkable natural assemblies, artificial molecular systems have been synthesized to significantly improve the energy-transfer performance of organic materials. Despite recent advances, the rational design of such photoactive molecular materials is still very much under development because a fundamental understanding of the structure−function relationships regarding excitation energy transfer (EET) and charge-transfer dynamics in these complex molecular systems in the condensed phase is


Transplant glomerulopathy (TXG) presents a distinctive pattern of glomerular abnormalities. The aim of this study was to describe its sequential ultrastructural pathology. A paired cohort study of 228 protocol biopsies, from our longitudinal database (n = 1345), compared TXG (7 patients, 95 biopsies) and controls (8 patients, 133 biopsies). Ultrastructural morphometry and C4d immunoperoxidase were evaluated from implantation to 5 years after transplantation against sequential histology and functional changes.


To obtain detailed cost information, a hybrid cost accounting system is needed that combines process and job-order methods, based on the accounting of normative (standard) and actual data, by distributing costs for direct and indirect ones, by allocating the variable and constant parts in indirect costs. The hybrid cost accounting system is based on a symbiosis of the principles and procedures of the cost accounting methods for the Process Costing System and Job-Order Costing system, combines them in accordance with the characteristics of the business and management policies, and increases the efficiency of enterprise cost management. The range of use of the developed cost matrix is quite wide, it can serve as budgeting of the standard costs of the raw cotton processing process and planned costs of the completion of the assignment (order) for the next reporting period, the generalization of actual indicators. A complete cost matrix with analytical cost detailing and the ability to compare standard (planned) costs is much more complex.


Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) is one of the inexpensive sources of protein, calcium and iron. The present study, aimed at developing horse gram extract-bovine milk blends (HEBMB), encompassed three phases. The first phase involved preparation of horse gram extract (HGE) using household processing steps, the second phase comprised analysis of proximate, minerals (calcium and iron) and antinutrients (tannins and total phenol) of HGE. The final phase involved blending of HGE with bovine milk (BM) in different ratios (40:60, 50:50 and 60:40) and developing milk based products (kulfi, papaya shake and kadhi) from them. Results of the study revealed that HGE contained 91.99 g moisture, 3.64 g protein, 0.25 g fat, 0.80 g crude fibre, 0.13 g ash and 3.19 g carbohydrates per 100 ml. Sensory evaluation of products, on the basis of 9-point hedonic scale, revealed that all the variants of the various products prepared were acceptable.


Forest roads are the most important elements of forestry projects, the management, supervision, care, and only access way to the forest for mechanized harvesting and using other services of forests. The aim of this study was to compare the current annual increment of basal area in different distances from the road in northern forests of Iran. For this purpose, 50 plots were established in 5 distance classes (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, and 40-50 m) on the 10 perpendicular transects to the forest road. In each plot current annual increment of basal area of 6 trees were measured by trunk core samples. Results of ANOVA test showed that there is no significant difference among the current annual increment of basal area in different distance classes from the roads. The results also showed that with increasing of distance from the roads into forest interior, current annual increment of basal area were reduced. The UNIANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference between interaction distance classes and diameter classes on current annual ring and diameter increment (p= 0.00).


In Against Method, Paul Feyerabend (1975) concluded that any attempt to specify bounds of scientific method would be misguided. The specified boundaries, he argued, would inevitably exclude methods that are valuable in the accumulation of scientific knowledge. Feyerabend's argument drew heavily on an analysis of Galileo's methodological flexibility in advancing Copernicus's heliocentric theory over the dominant geocentric theory.


Cenozoic sediments of Japanese Islands are yielding diversified terrestrial turtles from the Early Eocene to Late Pleistocene. Middle Miocene of Southwestern Japan, Pliocene Tsubusagawa Formation of Oita Prefecture, Pleistocene of Ryukyu Islands, and Pleistocene fissure deposits of Honshu Island are especially important localities. They are all cryptodires, including Geoe-mydidae, Testudinidae, Trionychidae, and Platysternidae. based on a complete skeleton from Middle Pleistocene Pleistocene Pleistocene the Late Pleistocene O. closely O. Southern M. most to extant M. japonica, ancestral latter. C. to C. materials whereas today only two species, M. japonica and G. japonica, are survived. Large geoemydids like O. nipponica are known from the Early Miocene of Iwate, Okayama, Shimane, Nagasaki, and Kagoshima Prefectures. They are distinguished from the Pleistocene materials in the possession of weak secondary palate and thick shell. Geoemydids identified as Geoemyda and Malayemys are collected from the Early Miocene of Gifu Prefecture and Late Oligocene of Nagasaki Prefecture respectively. These Tertiary geoemydids from Japan are oldest known record of each genus. Manouria oyamai is an extinct testudinid once widely distributed in the Ryukyu Islands, possibly terminated by human activities. Geoclemmys matuuraensis and Geoemyda takasago are considered as small testudinids from the Paleogene deposits of Kyushu Island. Fragmentary remains of trionychid are often found from the Cenozoic sediments from to Okinawa Pre-fectures. Of tehese, large trionychid specimens from the Middle Eocene to Early Miocene deposits are identified as the genus Rafetus based on small eighth costal plates. Early Miocene trionychids are usually found from the shallow marine or blackish deposits. Living Pelodiscus sinensis is found from the Pliocene of Oita Prefecture, whereas its Pleistocene material has never been discivered. materials


This article aims to integrate business processes in the field of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs, or PYMES for its acronym in Spanish). The integration will be achieved through the development of web applications based on integration architectures, such as Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web services. The integration of business processes allows companies to join their business objectives, as well as optimize processes based on the concept of service. To achieve an optimal communication between companies and their clients through the services, various web standards were used, including: XML as standard format to describe the data; SOAP as data exchange protocol; WSDL to describe available services; and finally UDDI to publish information and check what web services are available.


A simple and effective HPLC assay for determination of the main phenolic acids (rosmarinic, caffeic, protocatechuic) that were isolated from medicinal plant Melissa officinalis has been developed. The main goal of this work was to test and evaluate the liquid extraction procedure for plant samples. As the effective extraction media, mixtures of methanol-water and methanol-water (pH 2.5) were chosen. The following extraction conditions were used: time of extraction step 10 minutes, 3 extraction steps, volume of extraction mixture 10 mL, temperature 25°C. The extraction recoveries were: rosmarinic acid 100.7%, caffeic acid 99.9%, protocatechuic acid 96.0%. Yields of phenolic acids extracted from Melissa officinalis grown in Slovakia were: rosmarinic acid 17.03 mg/g (RSD=1.87%), caffeic acid 1.99 mg/g (RSD=3.65%), and protocatechuic acid 0.041 mg/g (RSD=5.75%).


The inner flow field of TWC with different structural parameters is introduced and the mathematical model of the inner flow field of TWC and carried on the simulation of inner flow field of TWC through using the CFD software-FLUENT is built.The regulations about velocity and press distribution on head face of carrier is obtained.The solution that the long-short model is an ideal improvement scheme is worked out by comparison.


SUMMARY The present work analyses the growth ofcalves of the conservation nucleus for Pantaneirocattle of EMBRAPA Pantanal. Birth and weaningdata was available on 171 Pantaneiro calves bornbetween 1996 and 1999. Calves were born fromAugust to December, and raised in the extensivesystem using native pastures at the Nhumirimfarm, situated in the Nhecolândia sub-region.The data was analyzed using GLM and CORRprocedures of SAS and MTDFREML for analysisof variance components. Year of calving and calfsex was significant for all traits examined. Birthweight for males was 27.08 kg compared with25.37 kg for females while weaning weights were116.12 and 112.24 kg respectively. The yeareffect varied but the trend observed is that of anincrease in both birth and weaning weight withtime. Month of birth did not affect birth noruncorrected weaning weight, although a trendwas observed whereby calves born later in theseason were heavier. With 205 day weight theeffect of month was marked, with calves born inAugust being almost 25 kg heavier than thoseborn in December (124.98 kg vs 99.23 kg) evenafter correction. Heritability for birth weight is verylow while repeatability is a little higher. This studyshows that there is little genetic variation availablefor use in selection for birth or weaning traits inPantaneiro cattle in Brazil. Controlled breedingpolicies whereby related individuals are not matedto each other are important to increase the variationfor these characteristics.


How to use REAL: the St. Louis Fed research information system. Recommendations for fomatting working papers for the St. Louis Fed Economic Research working paper series.


The image quality evaluation is an important subject in image processing techniques.A novel method to evaluate the quality of distorted image is presented in this paper.It is based on a comparison between the structural information extracted from the distorted and the original images.The influences of the wavelet packet transform on the structural information and noise are analyzed first.Based on them,the average energy and intensity of the structural information can be acquired by using the wavelet packet transform.And they are taken as the evaluation indexes to establish the evaluation model.The simulation results show that the model can accurately reflect the image's objective quality.


Land is the main repository of wealth, means of production and important determinant of social status of rural households in any developing country. About 86% of the dwelling units in Bangladesh is located in rural areas where land use and land ownership is changing rapidly. Population pressure and persistent poverty of people in rural Bangladesh are making land ownership pattern skewed and facing the conversion of agricultural land to homesteads and other uses. This paper through an in depth empirical study of two villages of Batiaghata Thana, investigated their changing land ownership and land use pattern for 1962 to 1998. It is found that in the study area agricultural land has reduced gradually and this is increasingly being used for non-agricultural purposes. Agricultural land in the study area reduced from 86% (of the total) in 1962 to 65% of total land in 1998. The main non-agricultural uses that have increased are settlements, roads, psici/shrimp culture, commercial uses etc. In 1962 land-less people constitutes about 24.49% of the households, whereas in 1998 they are 36% of the households. Changing land ownership and land –use pattern directly or indirectly affects the rural economy, societal interaction, morality and values. The main implications are fragmented land holdings, change in occupation, unemployment, merginalisation and social conflicts. The present study suggests that an effective land use planning and zoning regulations for rural Bangladesh could alleviate some of these problems.


This work presents a study of the adhesion energy between carbon nanotube-polyethylene matrix based on molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, the study focuses on the influence of carbon nanotube chirality on adhesion energy. It is observed that composites that utilize nanotubes with smaller chiral angles achieve higher adhesion energy, and tend to have smaller diameter and longer cylindrical axes compared to those with larger chiral angles. A zigzag nanotube (zero-chiral angle) undergoes considerable deformation to achieve an equilibrium configuration that has relatively maximum adhesion energy. On the other hand, the armchair nanotube (30° chiral angle) deforms moderately to reach equilibrium with minimal adhesion bonds to the polyethylene matrix.


Objectives The life course determinants of midlife and later life cognitive function have been studied using longitudinal population-based cohort data, but far less is known about whether the pattern of these pathways is similar or distinct for clinically relevant cognitive state. We investigated this for Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination third edition (ACE-III), used in clinical settings to screen for cognitive impairment and dementia. Design Longitudinal birth cohort study. Setting Residential addresses in England, Wales and Scotland. Participants 1762 community-dwelling men and women of European heritage, enrolled since birth in the Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Health and Development (the British 1946 birth cohort). Primary outcome ACE-III. Results Path modelling estimated direct and indirect associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) status, father's social class, childhood cognition, education, midlife occupational complexity, midlife verbal ability (National Adult Reading Test; NART), and the total ACE-III score. Controlling for sex, there was a direct negative association between APOE ε4 and the ACE-III score (β=−0.04 [–0.08 to –0.002], p=0.04), but not between APOE ε4 and childhood cognition (β=0.03 [–0.006 to 0.069], p=0.10) or the NART (β=0.0005 [–0.03 to 0.03], p=0.97). The strongest influences on the ACE-III were from childhood cognition (β=0.20 [0.14 to 0.26], p<0.001) and the NART (β=0.35 [0.29 to 0.41], p<0.001); educational attainment and occupational complexity were modestly and independently associated with the ACE-III (β=0.08 [0.03 to 0.14], p=0.002 and β=0.05 [0.01 to 0.10], p=0.02, respectively). Conclusions The ACE-III in the general population shows a pattern of life course antecedents that is similar to neuropsychological measures of cognitive function, and may be used to represent normal cognitive ageing as well as a screen for cognitive impairment and dementia.


Town building on the broad north territories of the west Siberian region is one of the principal parts of the complex measures having aim to study and rational use of the Russian north regions. Realization of the present, nearest and future plans of the Russian economical development is connected with solving the main problem in Russian economycultivation of the region territories. The north territories of the region have their own specifications (insufficient knowledge of them, their own economical development, complicated natural-climatic conditions, bad transportation links, presence of the little populated places, etc). The future studying of these territories demands economical, town building and ecological approaches as well. Now we can see serious features of the ecological complex disbalance (green-house effect increasing, ozone holes expansion, global climate changing, presence of dusty gales, etc). Therefore it is necessary to produce conceptions of the perspective forms of the populated places development according to the regional, town-ecological specification (collaboration of the designing and building techniques, types of houses those can be suitable for severe natural-climatic conditions, architecturalartistic level of the town building arising). Architects and builders face the complex of these problems which are connected with the region development in the economical conditions of the market. Some of them are the scientifically explained town-ecological structure formation of the settling regional system, presence of the townecological measures on the planning structures improvement of the existing settle places. All these measures serve to creation of the quality human life environment in the cities, collaboration of the recommendations on the technogenic effects on the nature decreasing.


Abstract:This paper reviews some aspects of Ireland's official development assistance (ODA) programme in 2019. It begins with an overview of the global context for development and aid last year, which is described as one of growing uncertainty that turned into global collapse. The topics covered in this year's review include: the impacts to date of the Covid-19 pandemic on global growth, global trade and global investment, as well as the increase in poverty and debt in developing countries; an overview of total ODA flows from DAC donors in 2019; a survey of attitudes of European donors, including Ireland, to the provision of ODA in 2019; the DAC peer review of Irish aid published early in 2020; an overview of some global development indices; and a description of some new approaches being adopted by the European Union in its aid policies and programmes. Preliminary data for total Irish ODA in 2019 was published in the DAC's preliminary ODA communication in April 2020. Total Irish ODA for last year on a grant-equivalent basis was US$935 million (roughly €832 million). This equals 0.31% of GNI; the same as in 2018. Irish Aid was unable to meet the DAC's annual deadline of mid-July for reporting to it, and so was also unable to provide a detailed breakdown of these data for this review. Indeed, in recognition of delays in the production of 2019 data by many DAC donors, because of difficulties caused by the Covid-19 pandemic this year, the DAC has acknowledged that it anticipates data returns will be very late. As a result of data not being available, it is not possible to present the usual comparison tables in the review this year.


The prevention of rheumatic heart disease is one of the great problems of today. In the last analysis, this problem narrows itself down to the control and prevention of rheumatic fever and chorea, which are the causes of 95 per cent, of the cases of heart disease in young people. In this task, we are greatly handicapped by our lack of knowledge in regard to the etiology and epidemiology of these diseases. Of the etiology we know very little except that rheumatic fever, chorea and "rheumatic" heart disease appear to be different manifestations of a single more or less specific infective agent. Henceforth in this article, the term "rheumatic infection" will be used to include these three types only. Epidemiologie studies have tended to support the popular opinion that cold, damp weather is an important factor in predisposing to a high incidence of the rheumatic infections. An analysis 1 of the admissions


Mouthrot is a major health and welfare problem in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in the Pacific Northwest (West Coast of North America), particularly in the first few months following saltwater transfer. This disease, associated with the bacterium Tenacibaculum maritimum, is the main reason the Atlantic salmon farming industry in this region continues to use antibiotics. Mouthrot results in large economic losses due to direct fish mortality, as well as the cost of treatments and poor performance of treated fish. Affected smolts die with very little external or internal clinical signs other than characteristic small yellow plaques in the mouth. This clinical presentation is visibly different to that of tenacibaculosis, the disease commonly associated with T. maritimum in other regions of the world or in other marine fish species. T. maritimum is the most extensively studied member of the Tenacibaculum genus; however, its role in causing mouthrot in British Columbia (BC) has not been the focus. The main objective of this study was to gain more knowledge about T. maritimum in BC and its connection to mouthrot in the Pacific Northwest, and to make steps towards developing management tools that would help decrease the use of antibiotic treatments and improve fish welfare. Genotyping of T. maritimum isolates collected from natural outbreaks of mouthrot on Atlantic salmon farms in BC showed the presence of two genetic strains of the bacterium based on 11 housekeeping genes. These strains are most closely related genetically to strains collected from lumpsuckers (Cyclopterus lumpus) with skin lesions and Atlantic salmon in Norway, as well as Atlantic salmon gills in Chile. The division of the BC isolates into two genetic groups is further supported by a serological analysis that showed that there are two serological groups that match the genetic strains. Representative isolates from the two identified BC genetic strains were used to develop a bath challenge model with Atlantic salmon smolts, which is necessary for testing


In a method for coating a surface (1) of a carrier material (2) with molecules (5, 6), the molecules (5, 6) from one molecule of supply (3, 4) are transferred into a gaseous state and ionized, the electrically charged molecules (5, 6) are subjected to at least one electric and / or magnetic field on the way to the surface (1), the at least one field component perpendicular to the directional movement of electrically charged molecules (5, 6), a perpendicular to the directional movement of electrically charged molecules (5, 6) directed force acting on the electrically charged molecules (5, 6) exert. Between the molecule stock (3, 4) and the surface (1) acts an electric and / or magnetic focusing device (8), for example, a quadrupole field, the directional movement of electrically charged molecules (5, 6). Between the molecule stock (3, 4) and the surface (1) is a diaphragm device (12) arranged so that only molecules (5, 6) (with a predetermined mass to charge ratio by the visor device (12) through to the surface 1 ) reach. By means of suitable electrical and / or magnetic fields or by means of temporally variable aperture means (14) impingement of the electrically charged molecules (5, 6) on the surface (1) is prevented for predeterminable durations. Thereby, the patterned coating of the surface is made possible.


ABSTRACT A better understanding of the relationship between the structure and functions of urban and suburban spaces is one of the avenues of research still open for geographical information science. The research presented in this paper develops several graph-based metrics whose objective is to characterize some local and global structural properties that reflect the way the overall building layout can be cross-related to the one of the road layout. Such structural properties are modeled as an aggregation of parcels, buildings, and road networks. We introduce several computational measures (Ratio Minimum Distance, Minimum Ratio Minimum Distance, and Metric Compactness) that respectively evaluate the capability for a given road to be connected with the whole road network. These measures reveal emerging sub-network structures and point out differences between less-connective and more-connective parts of the network. Based on these local and global properties derived from the topological and graph-based representation, and on building density metrics, this paper proposes an analysis of road and building layouts at different levels of granularity. The metrics developed are applied to a case study in which the derived properties reveal coherent as well as incoherent neighborhoods that illustrate the potential of the approach and the way buildings and roads can be relatively connected in a given urban environment. Overall, and by integrating the parcels and buildings layouts, this approach complements other previous and related works that mainly retain the configurational structure of the urban network as well as morphological studies whose focus is generally limited to the analysis of the building layout.


People have different voices, and each a leader has different effect to motivate followers. Most of top managers in companies influence on members using formal command, policy and speech rather than daily face-to-face meeting. Hence, leaders' formal voices can influence employees' motivation differently. We explain how to increase leaders' influence in speech with leaders' characteristics of voice. Specific voice characteristics will have a positive relationship with members' motivation. As a convergent study, we analyze managers' voice by Interdisciplinary Convergence Research, and then try to demonstrate the relationship between leaders' voices and members' cognition, which is related to motivation. In this study, the voices engineering analysis methods are applied, fundamental frequency analysis of vocal cord, the formant frequency bandwidth analysis, and speech ratio test. To do this analysis, record the manager's voice and change to digital data, and then time-frequency hybrid domain method. The purpose of this paper is to assert the critical role of leaders' voice characteristics, which allow enhancing leaders' influence and members' motivation.


In recent years,the development of credit re-guarantee system for Medium-Sized Enterprises(SME) has made great contribution for SME finance in China.As loan risk diversification institution,guarantee and re-guarantee institutions are always at weak positions when they are cooperating with banks.The re-guarantee institutions in China are trying to commit to improve the cooperation mechanism of bank-guarantee,strengthening communication and achieving bank-guarantee risk sharing.The re-guarantee system of risk sharing in some foreign countries is relatively mature and worthy to learn.The re-guarantee institutions,guarantee institutions and cooperative banks have been studied,and the dynamic simulated model of credit re-guarantee system for SME has been constructed.Re-guarantee data from Jiangsu Province have been calculated in the simulated model.The important influences of bank-guarantee risk sharing to the benefits from credit re-guarantee system model have been researched.The results show that banks assuming a certain risk in the process of cooperating with the guarantee institutions can resist the negative effects in development of re-guarantee system with the increasing of compensatory rate.The certain extent of cooperation ensures the sustainable development of re-guarantee system in order to ensure banks to get more long-term interests.


The research was aimed to study of making of instant noodle us ing composite wheat flour, four variety of sweet potato flour and mung bean flour, and to formulat e the best  sweet potato variety to make instant noodle. The research had been performed using factorial completely randomized design, with one factor i.e : ratio of wheat compos i te flour, four variety of sweet potato flour, and mung bean flour (G) : 70 %:20%:10%, 70%:20%:10%, 70%:20%:10%, 70%:20%:10%, 70%:15%:15%, 70%:15%:15%, 70%:15%:15%, 70%:15%:15%, 70%:10%:20%, 70%:10%:20%, 70%:10%:20%, 70%:10%:20%. Parameters analy z ed where water content, ash content, fat content , fiber content , protein content, carbohydrate content, water absorption, lost of solid on cooking, colour organoleptic score , taste organoleptic value, elasticity organoleptic value, springy organoleptic value. The research show ed that the ratio of wheat composite flour , four variety of sweet potato , and mung bean flour had highly significant effect on water content, ash content, fat content, fiber content, water absorption, lost of solid on cooking, colour organolepti c score and taste organoleptic value and had significant effect on protein content and carbohydrate content but had no signifnicant effect on elasticity orgonelptic value and springy organoleptic value. The formulation of 70%:10%:20%  with white sweet potato variety was the best for the making instant noodle. Keyword: Wheat flour , four variet of sweet potato flour, mung bean flour, instant noodle.


Summary This paper discusses the results of the implementation of a prototype system for the application of traffic law. The problems tackled in this system are the computational complexity of legal reasoning regarding the use of knowledge about the world, and the representation and reasoning with deontic modalities. Testing two paragraphs already rendered several important notes about the design of the traffic law. This paper reveals the experiences and results, and gives directions for further research. In the winter of 1991 the TRACS project was started. It was supported by a grant of the Dutch Association for Scientific Research into Traffic Safety (SWOV). Initially, the project aimed at the construction of an intelligent teaching system (ITS) for law. However, since the SWOV is also concerned with testing new versions of the traffic law as presented to them by the Ministry of Transport and Public Works, the application of law became the core interest. This explains the TRACS acronym: Traffic Regulation Application and Comparison System. Applying law is the basis both for legal ITS and for testing law. The design of the system was presented in [Den Haan & Breuker, 1991]. The prototype, which was programmed to perform the elementary legal-reasoning processes involved in law application, proved to have important results. The actual application of law is the core activity of legal reasoning. An other important issue is the analysis of facts and the interpretation of vague terms. Not being the goal of our research, they have not been embedded in the system. The TRACS project aims at regulation-based reasoning and embodies the application of the traffic law. The legimitization of the results is considered to be a task that, in our opinion, requires thorough legal experience and up to date knowledge of the social structure. The implementation of the system has proceeded as planned in the presented design. The next section will recapitulate this design, in order to provide a framework for the discussion of the results. Section 3 reflects on the representation formalism used in the prototype. Subsequently, section 4 elaborates on the tests, and section 5 shows what implications for law drafting have surfaced. 2. TRACS design The short term goal for the functionality of TRACS is the application of law. The legal reasoning of TRACS involves the search for applicable rules and the selection of rules with the highest priority. The three layers of legal reasoning (application, selection and validation) are clearly visible in figure 1. In short, rules are found applicable if facts in the situation description can be matched to the grounds for rule application, as stated in the condition parts of rules. Priority rules are used to determine an order in the set of applicable rules. For each law text, specific priority rules can be found, sometimes stated in the text itself. Additional general priority rules are defined for the entire law domain. The validation process is quite similar to the application process, but matches the conclusions of rules to the situation description.


BACKGROUND
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes increased morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. The outcome of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in HIV-infected children, is less well described.

METHODS
Children from a prospective study evaluating the etiology of


The EoL-1 and EoL-3, human eosinophilic leukemia cell lines, have been used as models for studying the maturation and the function of human eosinophils. We investigated the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on superoxide anion (O2-) production of these cell lines and interleukin-5 (IL-5) mRNA expression in the EoL-1. O2- was measured by chemiluminescence of MCLA, one of cypridina luciferin analogs. The O2- production of fMLP-stimulated EoL-1 and EoL-3 was increased by the IFN-gamma treatment. IL-5 mRNA expression was detected in the IFN-gamma-treated EoL-1 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Further, we examined IFN-gamma receptor 1 mRNA expression in these cell lines and peripheral blood eosinophils by means of northern blot hybridization. IFN-gamma receptor 1 mRNA was detected in the EoL-3 and the IFN-gamma-treated EoL-1. A weak expression of IFN-gamma receptor 1 mRNA was detected in peripheral blood eosinophils isolated from a patient with eosinophilia. These results suggest that IFN-gamma may act on eosinophils directly through its receptor.


Measured values of air tightness for eight multistory office buildings (curtain wall and sealed glazing) are reported. They are much above those specified by an industry standard. An equation for calculating total infiltration rates caused by stack action was developed and is applied to the buildings, using measured wall air-tightness values. The contribution of air infiltration to total heat loss, including transmission and mechanical ventilation, was also investigated.


Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract Economically viable high sensitivity radiation detector, demands negligible leakage current and high detection efficiency, to measure very small quantity of radiation such as charged particles and high energy neutrons. This is realized by using large-size, high-resistivity, high-carrier life time & defect- free silicon single crystal with large sensitive volume. In order to achieve detector-grade quality silicon, many technological challenges have to be met in terms of control of residual impurities up to sub ppb level, stress-free fine grain poly crystal ingot production & growth of large-size defect-free single crystal. Purification at this level cannot be achieved by direct conventional methods that are good enough for general purpose solar applications. It involves production and purification of highly toxic and hazardous precursor production in fluidized bed reactor, followed by distillation cascade, reconversion of volatile precursor to polysilicon ingot in a quartz reactor, to avoid leaching of reactor material at high temperature and contactless molten zone crystal, pulling in a class 10 clean room. These constraints make this technology very difficult to realize and is kept under close control by very few countries due to its high commercial value. Commercially available technologies are limited to photovoltaic level. This paper highlights the technological issues for producing large-size high-resistivity silicon single crystal and the milestones reached during the course of time. Amongst the major milestones,100 kg precursor production and 100 mm dia x 800 mm long single crystal drawn of and orientation are worth mentioning.


This report summarizes the purchasing and transportation activities of the Purchasing and Materials Management Organization for Fiscal Year 1993. Activities for both the New Mexico and California locations are included.


By using telescopes with concave lenses, known as Santilli telescopes (trademark and patent pending by the U.S. publicly traded company Thunder Energies Corporation), we review preceding evidence for the apparent existence of antimatter galaxies, antimatter asteroids and antimatter cosmic rays. Independently from these astrophysical detections, we present for the first time evidence for the apparent existence of entities in our terrestrial environment that are solely visible via telescopes with concave lenses, while being invisible to our eyes and to conventional Galileo telescopes with convex lenses, which entities leave dark images in the background of digital cameras attached to the Santilli telescopes. These entities are here called Invisible Terrestrial Entities of the first kind (ITE-1) or dark ITE. We then present, also for the first time, evidence for the apparent existence in our terrestrial environment of additional entities that are also visible to telescopes with concave lenses while being invisible to our eyes and to conventional telescopes with convex lenses, which entities leave bright images in the background of digital cameras. These additional entities are here called Invisible Terrestrial Entities of the second kind (ITE-2) or bright ITE . It is pointed out that both types of entities generally move in the night sky over sensitive areas, and their behavior generally suggests unauthorized surveillance. This paper has been motivated by the significance and diversification of the collected evidence, as well as available independent confirmations, that warrant systematic inspections of the sky over our sensitive civilian, industrial, and military installations via telescopes with concave lenses, so as to detect possible unauthorized surveillance.


The paper introduced structure of remote monitoring system of grouting based on wireless bridge,electrical connection and installation of wireless bridge,and communication mode of the system.The system uses PLC as the control core,and uses large wireless bridge to achieve connection between LANs,which achieves remote monitoring of data and video signals of grouting field.


Abstract The purity is accounted for one of the main characteristics of sugar beet juice in the sugar production process. In this regard, in the paper, the impact of slicing parameters including blade type, slicing angle from 0 to 90°, slicing thickness from 3 to 6 mm, and preheating duration from 3 to 15 min was studied on juice purity using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique was also employed to find the optimum values of variables to reach the highest juice purity. The results indicated that the quadratic model was the best model to predict juice purity. The Findings presented that as cossette thickness and slicing angle increased, the juice purity was improved. Optimization of the quadratic model by GA showed the best cossette thickness was 6 mm for both blades. The results of optimization indicated that 92.25 and 94.45% juice purities could be obtained from optimum conditions.


This article contributes to the decolonization of urban political ecology (UPE) by centering the ongoing processes of colonization and its resistances that produce urban natures in settler colonial cities. Placing the UPE literature in conversation with scholarship on settler colonialism and Indigenous resurgence, we demonstrate how the ecology of the settler colonial city is marked by the imposition of a colonial socionatural order on existing Indigenous socionatural systems. Examining the case of Lekwungen territory, commonly known as Victoria, British Columbia, we consider how parks, property lines, and settler agriculture are inscribed on a dynamic food system maintained by the Lekwungen over millennia. The erasure of the Lekwungen socioecological system, however, has never been complete. Efforts of the Lekwungen and their allies to continue managing these lands as part of an Indigenous food system have resulted in conflict with volunteer conservationists and parks officials who assert their own jurisdictional authority over the space. Drawing on interviews and participant observation research, we argue that the seemingly quotidian and everyday acts of tending to urban greenspace by these groups are actually of central importance to struggles over the reproduction of UPEs in the settler colonial city.


Genetic and cellular studies have shown that the host's innate and adaptive immune responses are an important correlate of viral infection outcome. The features of the host's immune response (host resistance) reflect the coevolution between hosts and pathogens that has occurred over millennia, and that has also resulted in a number of strategies developed by viruses to improve fitness and survival within the host (viral adaptation). In this review, we discuss viral adaptation to host immune pressure via protein–protein interactions and sequence-specific mutations. Specifically, we will present the "state of play" on viral escape mutations to host T-cell responses in the context of the hepatitis C virus, and their influence on infection outcome.


Th is article investigates the occurrence of tense vowels in Kurpian and reports on the results of my fi eldwork conducted in the villages of central Kurpia. Th e article looks at declensional paradigms of nouns and concludes that lax vowels alternate with tense vowels when they are followed by a voiced consonant (an obstruent or a sonorant) at the end of the word. Th e descriptive generalizations are analysed formally in terms of Derivational Optimality Th eory, a framework that is well equipped to handle the opacity unveiled by the Kurpian data.


Documentary cinema has emerged as an important focus for research into popular culture, marginalized narratives, and democratic media. However, academic work on the genre has been narrowly focused on audience consumption habits, aesthetic or textual analyses of individual works, and cultural analyses of the intersection of documentary and mainstream commercial cinema sites and practices. This thesis is an attempt to bridge a research gap by interrogating extra-textual elements around the grassroots distribution and exhibition of documentary cinema in Canada. By linking the concepts of cultural hegemony, counterpublics and agonostic pluralism with community-oriented practices around documentary distribution and exhibition, this thesis urges a closer look at the spaces between box office numbers, high profile documentaries, and megaplexes. Springboarding from disparate literature, the thesis builds a conceptual framework around power and community, and uses firsthand interviews with filmmakers, promoters, exhibitors and distributors to tease out the relationship between documentary cinema and counterpublics in Canada.


In this paper, an Interactive Evolutionary system is described, which generates visually appealing 3D projections of mathematical constructs. This system uses a combination of the Grammatical Evolution paradigm and Jenn3d, a visualiser of Cayley graphs of finite Coxeter groups. A very compact representation is used for the genotype strings, using only 64 bits. The resulting visualisations, albeit somewhat restricted, still exhibit a large degree of complexity and evolvability, and are well representative of the domain.


Between October 2002 and September 2003, we treated 5 cases of basal ganglia AVMs manifested by putaminal hemorrhage. The patients were 3 males and 2 females 32 to 65 years of age (mean 52.1). We performed craniotomy and removed hematomas in all cases. AVMs were successfully removed from 4 cases, but only coagulated in the remaining 1 case. Preoperative angiography was performed on 3 cases. AVMs were angiographically occult in 2 cases, while a tiny malformation was revealed in 1 case. The remaining 2 patients were in critical and rapidly deteriorating conditions, so that we had no time to perform preoperative angiography. Thus there was little preoperative information about AVM in our patients, but we did not encounter uncontrollable bleeding during surgery in any of them. We have concluded that basal ganglia AVMs may be a more common cause of putaminal hemorrhage than we previously suspected. It appears that in patients requiring removal of hematomas, preoperative cerebral angiography should be performed as far as possible. Even if angiography gives no evidence of AVMs, the presence of an occult AVM should be suspected. Nevertheless, because such an occult AVM does not seem to involve a high risk of intraoperative uncontrollable bleeding, its removal at the first surgery may be recommended.


A shared concern over climate change, biodiversity loss and other environmental problems is at the heart of sustainability transitions research. As we strive to understand and promote shifts to radically different modes of production and consumption, the broad social and environmental values captured by the notion of "sustainability" guide our investigations and explicitly serve as normative goals for the research effort (Van Den Bergh, Truffer, and Kallis 2011). But at the same time, the transitions literature is dominated by an analytical perspective that focuses on society and technology, while the natural environment is strikingly absent from theoretical frameworks and analytical approaches. Key concepts such as niches and regimes, production and consumption systems, and innovation systems have a rich socio-technical texture (Rip and Kemp 1998; Geels 2002; Bergek et al. 2008; Hekkert et al. 2007), but fail to capture how ecosystems enter into transition processes. In essence, transitions are conceived as socio-technical phenomena, while nature is treated as a contextual background.


Background: Constriction bands in the majority of cases presents as a contour deformity. The gold standard of treatment is a single-stage constriction ring excision and serial Z-plasty. The expense is unsightly scarring. We present case reports of deformity correction by serial fat injections Methods and Participants: Three case studies of children in whom this modality was used in limbs to correct the deformity are presented. Results: Two participants showed a good correction of the deformity and in a single-case treatment failed requiring excision and serial Z-plasty for correction. Conclusion: Fat injection in combination with Khouri's technique of aponeurotomies is an attractive modality of managing superficial constriction bands of limbs.


The clinical entity which has come to be known as ' periarthritis' of the shoulder is of particular interest to orthopaedic surgeons because it presents features which are unique. It is unique in that the same pathology does not appear to affect joints other than the shoulder. It is a constant source of amazement that a ' frozen shoulder,' presenting as a virtually complete ankylosis, can spontaneously ' thaw' and leave a completely normal joint. This is all the more astonishing because it is usually an isolated incident in the life of a patient who appears to be perfectly healthy and who continues to remain healthy; occasionally the opposite shoulder may be affected and occasionally other manifestations of connective tissue disorders such as ' tennis elbow' may be experienced, but none of these lead to permanent or progressive changes in the tissues.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of playing Basketball with the three variables being studied: Body Composition, the Physical Strength and Blood Factors. The experiment included two groups of elementary school boys. One group was assigned to play Basketball while the other group w...


Corporate identity is a collection of communication strategies, philosophy, behavior and visual elements of a corporation. Graphic designer should not only think visually while designing corporate identity, but should also be aware of other features of the corporation. The significance of these features should be taught during the education they get to the graphic designer candidates. During the process of graphic design education, it is important for students to be able to design contemporary and original emblems and logos, to design corporate identity and to be conscious of introducing corporations in a contemporary identity. The aim of this study is to create a model proposal for redesigning a logo within the scope of graphic design education, in the light of the graphic design principles and in the awareness of the features of the corporate identity. In this context, the terms of redesigning the corporate identity design and logo design principles are explained and the methods of redesigning logos in the scope of the Corporate Identity Design course, which is included in the curriculum of Doğuş University, Department of Graphics, are clarified. As a result of the research, the examination of the application of these methods within the course is analyzed. Keywords: logo, corporate identity, graphic design, design education


Music features recognition is an important research hotspot in computer music, which can be widely applied in many fields such as multimedia retrieval, human-machine interaction, digital heritage, digital entertainment and so on. Aimed at digital heritage protecting engineering of Chinese national music, this thesis discusses the topic of music features recognition technology by simulating human's cognitive process based on MIDI files, mainly including such high-level features recognition technologies as melody extraction, music section recognition and partition, and emotion recognition. At last, the prototype system of virtual editor and exhibition for Chinese national music by means of aforementioned technologies are developed to serve for digital popularising of Chinese national music


Objective: To establish a simple and fast irradiation detection method for Chinese medicine granule preparation base on the characteristics of the ultra-weak luminescence under irradiation of 60Co-γ ray.Methods:Two kinds of traditional Chinese medicine granules were irradiated by 60Co-γ ray at 1.0 kGyh-1 dose rate and seven doses(0,0.5,1,3,5,7 and 9 kGy).Dynamic detection of the ultra-weak luminescence was carried out on luminescent detector with 0.05 g of sample and detection time of 50 s(the first 25 s under dry condition with addition of detection solution after 25 s).Results: No significant change in ultra-weak luminescence intensity was found between irradiated and unirradiated traditional Chinese medicine granules under dry condition.However,after addition of detection solution,significant differences in ultra-weak luminescence characterization were observed between unirradiated and irradiated traditional Chinese medicine granules during the detection process.Meanwhile,photon counting was found closely correlated with irradiation doses.In addition,the intensity of ultra-weak luminescence of the sample was gradually decreased after being stored for 120 days at room temperature,but the signal could still be detected.Conclusion: This method of ultra-weak luminescence technology is simple and rapid,which could be practically valuable for identifying traditional Chinese medicine granules irradiated or not.


Abstract : Magnetic resonance-based velocity (MRV) and concentration (MRC) measurements were performed to measure the time averaged three-dimensional, three-component velocity and scalar concentration fields in a double passage vane cascade representative of a high pressure turbine vane from a gas turbine engine. The understanding and prediction of the highly three-dimensional flow and heat transfer in a modern gas turbine engine is a problem that has not been solved over many years of turbomachinery research.


Heating of heavy ions is studied in the presence of a large amplitude hydrogen cyclotron wave. A three wave decay process, in which a large amplitude pump hydrogen cyclotron wave decays into a daughter hydrogen cyclotron wave and a low frequency oxygen cyclotron wave, is studied theoretically and by numerical simulations. The numerical simulations show a decay instability resulting in strong heating of both the oxygen ions and the hydrogen ions. In particular, the high energy tail of the oxygen ions is observed in the perpendicular distribution.


The University Student Village Officer program is a major move which benefits the country and the people,but there is a series of sustainable confusions on policies,training approaches and the ability of the village officials etc.Relevant measures should be taken to promote the sustainable development of the program,such as a sustainable plan should be carried out,and the social and public policies should be improved.Furthermore,multi-channel and multi-form ways should be applied to cultivate the village officials.Finally sustainable knowledge and ability system should be constructed.


Two models are proposed for digital simulations involving power diodes and thyristors. The models simulate all operating regions of the devices, and include transient and thermal behavior. Particular emphasis has been placed on reverse recovery behaviors, to improve simulation accuracy in high frequency and multiple device applications. Either model can be completely specified from standard data sheet parameters.


Aim. To assess the antithrombotic therapy after left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) with the Watchman device (WD) and Amplarzer Cardiac Plug (ACP) for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) with contraindications for long anticoagulation therapy.Methods. 200 consecutive patients with nonvalvular AF and contraindications to oral anticoagulation therapy with contraindications for long anticoagulation who undergone LAAO implantation using WD (n=108; WD group) and ACP (n=92; ACP group) were enrolled into this study. Antithrombotic therapies were prescribed after successful LAAO implantation according to indications. Patients were followed at 45 days, 3, 6 and 12 months after enrollment. At each follow-up visit the data regarding clinical events and healthcare utilization were collected. Transesophageal echo (TEE) was perfomed at 45 days and 6 months after successful LAAO implantation. The efficacy end point was the composite of transit ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke, device thrombosis and procedure-related death.Results. During the follow-up TIA/stroke has occurred in 4.8% of patients in the WD group with no such events in ACP group (4.8% vs 0%, p=0.062). These patients had 4 or more points on the CHA2 DS2 -VASc, and they were prescribed various combinations of antithrombotic therapy, except warfarin, while patients from the WD group with 4 or more points on the CHA2 DS2 -VASc score taking warfarin had no thromboembolic events. Device thrombosis during TEE at 45 days after successful LAAO implantation was confirmed in 3 patients (2,9%) with WD with no such events in ACP group (2.9% vs 0%, p=0.251). The efficacy end point events in all groups were 4.6%: 8 events in WD group (7.6%) and 1 case in ACP group (1.1%). One patient in the ACP group died in 6 weeks after LAAO implantation. No autopsy was performed; therefore, the exact cause of death was not determined (p=0.038). Survival rate showed significantly higher rate events in WD group versus ACP group (p=0.027).Conclusion. Any combinations of antithrombotic therapy could be prescribed to patients with contraindications for anticoagulant therapy and high risk of stroke who undergone successful (LAAO) implantation with Amplatzer Cardiac Plug. It's possible to cancel oral anticoagulants in this patient. Patients aged 70 and older with a CHA2 DS2 -VASc >4 and a history of stroke are recommended to take warfarin after successful Watchman Device implantation.


Objective To investigate the percentage, age distributions and shape features of growth variations in the foot tarsal on different growth periods.Methods The right foot anterior-posterior and lateral radiographs from postnatal to 18-year-old in normal 2035 cases were observed(male 1068,female 967,one group per year,every group 38~98 cases).Results There were 721 cases (35.43 %)with growth variations in the foot tarsal on different growth periods,of them male were 356 cases (33.33%),female were 365 cases(37.33%). The temporay growth calcaneal spur(1.10%)and the calcaneal multi-ossification centers(0.50%)were appeared from postnatal to 5 years, irregular ossification of the first cuneiform(0.70%), double ossification centers of the first cuneiform(0.70%)and scaphoid(0.95%)were formed from 2 to 8 years. The nutrient blood vessel hole of the calcaneum(3.44%)and the calcaneal marrow antrum(16.10%)were presented from 1 to 18 years. Deltoid os of the talus(2.64%), the accessorial scaphoid(6.18%)and the osteal-bridge between the calcaneum and talus(7.04%)were demonstrated from 7 to 18 years, respectively.Conclusion It is important to differentiate foot diseases from foot tarsal variations on different growth period.


Kaelen Wilson-Goldie surveys the work of Saloua Raouda Choucair in relation to its many contexts, from the experience of Lebanon's civil war to the lineage of Islamic art and the history of Western modernism.


The rotation of a cylindrical plasma column in a magnetic field has been studied in the linear section of the new plasma device Mistral. Under suitable conditions we observe a transition to a turbulent regime characterized by strong, bursty fluctuations at the edge of the column. The detection and the study of the spatio-temporal evolution of structures in the turbulent regime have been performed by means of a new enhanced conditional sampling technique. We have collected evidence of the development of a bent tail emanating from the plasma column. The charged particles inside the structure move along a spiral trajectory resulting in a net radial convection of the plasma to the walls. We show experimentally that a poloidal electric field is present inside the structures leading to the observed outwards radial E × B drift, in agreement with the expectations of recent and past theoretical works.


This paper introduces several main using forms of the external wal external insulation in Xi'an are a energy savi-ng building, describes commonly construction method and ma-t ers needing at ention used in external thermal insulation sys-tem (EPS) in detail.


At its core, my research blends Software Engineering principles with Systems Research. In this context currently I am focusing on developing novel algorithms and software-defined techniques to solve a myriad of distributed systems challenges in realizing resilient cyber physical systems. Specifically, the contours of my current research involve addressing challenges in mobile and edge cloud computing, which in turn includes (a) dynamic resource management based on dynamic system model learning, simulation and system actuation, (b) reconciling real-time stream processing, which is required for the distributed Big Data analytics, with data-centric publish/subscribe systems, which is required for information-centric networking, and (c) algorithms and mechanisms for software-defined, resilient infrastructures, which are required to manage and safeguard system resources and applications. An outreach aspect of my current work focuses on using cloud computing technologies for STEM education using real-world problems from my current research as challenge problems for STEM education and collaborative learning. My ongoing and planned research, as presented in this document, has been informed by emerging trends and insights gained from work to date.


According to the request of the experiment,the variable frequency controlled waveform ultrasonic emulsification device was designed.Optimal operating parameters of ultrasonic generator were studied by orthogonal experiment.The preparation conditions of the emulsified liquid were: HLB=5,dosage of emulsifiers 3 %,addition of bio-oil 20 %,0# diesel 80 %,methanol used as auxiliary emulsifier,and emulsifying temperature at the room temperature.40 mL of emulsified liquid was added to the variable frequency controlled waveform ultrasonic emulsification device to emulsify.According to the results,treating time had the most significant influence on the stability,followed by power,frequency,and waveform.The optimal operating parameter was power of 30 W,frequency of 25 kHz,treating time of 8 min and waveform of square wave pulse.The emulsification stability under these conditions was the best and the setting time was 2 256 h.


Visual perception of surfaces is of utmost importance in everyday life. Therefore, it comes naturally, that different surface structures evoke different visual impressions in the viewer even if the material underlying these surface structures is the same. This topic is especially virulent for manufacturing processes in which more than one stakeholder is involved, but where the final product needs to meet certain criteria. A common practice to address such slight but perceivable differences in the visual appearance of structured surfaces is that trained evaluators assess the samples and assign a pass or fail. However, this process is both time consuming and cost intensive. Thus, we conducted two studies to analyze the relationship between physical surface structure parameters and participants visual assessment of the samples. With the first experiment, we aimed at uncovering a relationship between physical roughness parameters and visual lightness perception while the second experiment was designed to test participants' discrimination sensitivity across the range of stimuli. Perceived lightness and the measured surface roughness were nonlinearly related to the surface structure. Additionally, we found a linear relationship between the engraving parameter and physical brightness. Surface structure was an ideal predictor for perceived lightness and participants discriminated equally well across the entire range of surface structures.


TNF-α is the first cytokine that appeared after brain injury. It can be neuroprotective or neurotoxic for the brain. IL-10 prevents astrocyt necrotic. IL-10 is needed to keep production of TNF-α not abundant. The aim of this study is to know the role of early serum TNF-α/IL-10 ratio as outcome predictor for operated epidural haematoma. The method used is observational with prospective study. Samples, 23 men and 4 women. Age intervals are 10-47 years old. Results showed that early serum TNF-α/IL-10 ratio >1,0 in more cases (74,1%) compared with worst (25,9%). After operated, TNF-α/IL-10 ratio didn' t show many changes, (22,2% >1,0 and 77,8% 1,0, there are more unfavourable cases that meant if early serum TNF-α/IL-10 ratio become high, the case become more unfavourable. From patients with bad early serum TNF-α/IL-10 ratio >1,0, unfavourable cases were 17,1 times higher than groups with early serum TNF-α/IL-10 ratio 1,0, all cases were unfavourable (100%), and if brain injuries were moderate with early serum TNF-α/IL-10 ratio <1,0, none cases was unfavourable (0%). We concluded that early serum TNF-α/IL-10 ratio can be used as outcome predictor for operated patient with epidural haematoma. Keywords: brain injury, TNF-α, IL-10, epidural haematoma


ABSTRACT This article examines the effectiveness of a software that supports formative assessment in real-time of learners' vocabulary knowledge through an interactive highlighting method. Students in a classroom are given a passage on their computer screen and asked to highlight the words they do not understand. This information is summarized on the instructors screen by highlighting in red the words most highlighted, in orange the second most highlighted, and in yellow the third most highlighted, with a superscript showing the number of students who selected each word. The instructor projects this summary on a screen for the whole class and use it to guide activities on how to comprehend the passage. In Experiment 1, college students who learned with interactive highlighting in a single-session study scored higher on a vocabulary test (d = 1.14) but not on a comprehension test as compared to a control group that studied the same passage without interactive highlighting. In Experiment 2, high school students who learned with interactive highlighting across a 10-week program scored higher on a standardized reading comprehension test as compared to a control group that studied without interactive highlighting (d = 1.60 in school 1, d = 1.17 in school 2).


Virtual geographic environmental construction is the direction of the development in the field such as the geographic information system,virtual reality,military simulation and so on.In this paper,virtual campus construction of North Campus of Chuzhou College as an example to express the data of GIS in 3D visualization,from data acquisition,model establishment and system construction,three aspects of the system of 3D GIS technology application and briefly discussed in the virtual reality visualization of GIS technology,as well as the key technical problems faced.


In recent years, a major focus on wind farm wake control is to maximise the production of wind farms. To improve the power generation efficiency of wind farms through wake regulation, this study investigates yaw optimisation for wind farm production maximisation from the perspective of time-varying wakes. To this end, we first deduce a simplified dynamic wake model according to the momentum conservation theory and backward difference method. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by simulation comparisons. Then, the time lag of wake propagation and its impact on wind farm production maximisation through wake meandering is analysed. On this basis, a yaw optimisation method for increasing wind farm energy capture is presented. This optimisation method uses the proposed dynamic wake model for wind farm prediction. The results indicate that the optimisation period is critical to the effect of the optimisation method on wind farm energy capture.


Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multi‐factorial inflammatory disease of the colon and rectum. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of taurine, an anti‐oxidant amino acid, on oxidative stress and the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, pro‐apoptotic Bax and anti‐apoptotic B cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) in colon tissue in rats with 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)‐induced colitis. Rats received taurine (1·5% w/v) in drinking water for 15 days before and 15 days after administration of TNBS solution. Then, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and Bax and Bcl‐2 expression were measured. TNBS‐induced colitis caused significantly increased MPO activity and MDA levels and decreased GSH levels in colon tissue compared to controls. Increase in Bax expression and decrease in Bcl‐2 expression were detected in colon of rats with TNBS‐induced colitis. Taurine treatment was associated with amelioration in macroscopic and microscopic colitis scores, decreased colonic MPO activity and MDA levels and increased GSH levels in TNBS‐induced colitis. In addition, taurine reduced the expression of Bax and prevented the loss of Bcl‐2 proteins in colon tissue of rats with TNBS‐induced colitis. The results of this study show that taurine administration may exert beneficial effects in UC by decreasing inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress and apoptosis.


Space debris constitutes a significant hazard to low earth orbit satellites and particularly to manned spacecraft. A quite small velocity decrease from vaporization impulses is enough to lower the perigee of the debris sufficiently for atmospheric drag to de‐orbit the debris. A short pulse (picosecond) laser version of the Orion concept can accomplish this task in several years of operation. The "Mercury" short pulse Yb:S‐FAP laser being developed at LLNL for laser fusion is appropriate for this task.


This manuscript addresses the quantification of effects from an extreme outcome in an explanatory variable on a dependent variable. The effect is approximated with the socalled asymptotic elasticity of a conditional quantile function, linking the dependent and explanatory variable. A closed form expression for this asymptotic elasticity is presented which is independent of the exact relation between explanatory and dependent variable. By interpreting the asymptotic elasticity as a spill-over measure for tail-risk, we detect statistically significant effects from Lehman Brothers to other financial institutions during the subprime mortgage crisis before Lehman Brothers was obviously in distress. Likewise, the effect from a credit default in case of Greece on the solvency of countries within the Euro-area is briefly studied.


Document flow module is the most important module in the OA system.The paper gives a clear design of the database of the module,after the introduction and analysis of the Workflow technique and approval-process-arithmetic.Finally,we discussed the topic of Node-Information-Record and Role-Rights-Control and achieved the module successfully.


ABSTRACT Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) can cause localized and systemic diseases in poultry, threatening human health via meat or egg contamination and resulting in considerable economic losses to the poultry industry globally. Increasing evidence shows circRNAs were widely involved in various biological processes. However, the role of circRNAs in the host response against APEC infection, especially correlated with the regulation of RIP2, remains unclear. Herein, the RNAseq technology was used to identify the circRNA expression profiles in the overexpression of RIP2 macrophages with or without APEC infection. A total of 256 and 287 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs were identified in the overexpression of RIP2 group (oeRIP2) vs. the wild-type group (WT) and oeRIP2 + APEC vs. APEC, respectively, whose parental genes were involved in MAPK signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway, focal adhesion, tight junction, and VEGF signalling pathways. Specifically, the key circRNAs, such as 5:814443-825127, 10:18922360-18928461, 2:8746306-8750639, and 2:124177751-124184063 might play a critical role in APEC infection and the regulation of RIP2. As a whole, these findings will facilitate understanding the molecular mechanism underlying circRNAs, especially related to the regulation of the RIP2 gene. Meanwhile, the study may offer new ideas to improve host immune and inflammatory response against APEC infection.


This article presents an interview with Wes Cooper, the Asphalt Binder Laboratory Manager at the Asphalt Institute, focusing on binder lab compliance. Topics covered include how the Asphalt Institute lab stays in compliance with industry standards; strategies to maintain accreditation; the state-of-the-art equipment in the laboratory and how it is serviced and kept modernized; the equipment used the most in the laboratory, notably the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR); training for the technicians in the laboratory; the use and purpose of round robin tests with other laboratories; and the benefits of compliance. One section summarizes the keys to laboratory compliance to current testing specifications, including AASHTO, ASTM, etc. Mr. Cooper emphasizes the important role of the attitude and confidence of the technicians who work in the laboratory.


We appreciate the interest of Dr Tsuda in our study.1 In our article we showed that angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) deficiency is associated with impaired endothelial function in cerebral arteries from adult mice and augmented endothelial dysfunction during aging. In those experiments, we used acetylcholine to gain insight into endothelial function because acetylcholine is also a neurotransmitter known to be …


Fuel retailing is a complex business. This paper explains how knowing the market today will help retailers get it right for tomorrow.


Connector (10, 50) for electrically connecting to a circuit board (12) provided in printed circuit board contacts (28) with plugs, with at least one a housing part (20, 22) projecting through and / or molded into the housing part contact element (14) having an as includes connector outlet formed pin member (16) and a resilient, integral with the pin portion (16) formed spring contact portion (18), said spring contact portion (18) is bent over an angle of more than 180 ° is formed and a printed circuit board (12) facing supporting portion contact portion (26) for contacting a printed circuit board contact (24) and a printed circuit board (12) facing away (30) for support on a housing or housing part fixed shoulder (32), wherein the support portion (30) and the contact portion (26) at -contacted printed circuit board contact (2) in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the circuit board (12) extending line and are Kontaktabsc hnitt (26) due to the supporting housing or on the housing part fixed shoulder (32) support section (30) under a bias against the circuit board contact (24) is zwangsbeaufschlagt.


This study examined daily poverty-related stress and parents' efforts to help children cope with stress in relation to learned helplessness for young children attending a Head Start preschool. A total of 750 telephone interviews were conducted with 75 parents concerning their daily stressors and strategies they used to help children cope. A behavioral protocol measured child learned helplessness. Multilevel modeling showed a positive within-persons relationship between daily stress and coping, and a positive between-persons relationship between daily stress and child learned helplessness. Implications include understanding the daily processes through which the poverty ecology transmits risk for negative child developmental outcomes and through which parents might offer protection. Specifically, the results suggest that daily poverty-related stressors may undermine young children's developing sense of control and suggest the importance of further research on how parent coping might promote positive outcomes.


This article discusses the relationship between the visual style of a work of art and the habitus and aesthetic flavor of its creator with a detailed case study by Soegeng Toekio. The theory used is Bourdieu's theory of habitus and distinction. Habitus is a mental or cognitive structure with which people relate to the social world. This theory is used to determine the habitus of Soegeng Toekio having to trace the process of individual transplantation (processes of inculcations) from his childhood to adulthood. The focus of this research is on Soegeng Toekio as a child in the realm of the family, while studying at ITB and while working at the ASKI Surakarta Art Workshop (BKSR). This focus was chosen because it is very important, Soegeng Toekio, who studied art formally at FSRD ITB Bandung with the ideology of western art, but his paintings have traditional nuances.This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive design and qualitative analysis methods, which are presented descriptively with a descriptive-analytic approach. Data analysis activities as disclosed include three elements, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The result of this research is that Soegeng Toekio's beber picture characters are formed from the habitus of Soegeng Toekio since he was in the first grade at the People's School while living with his grandmother who forced him to watch the wayang wong performance at the Sri Murni building in the Kesambi area of Bandung. From there he got to know Javanese cultural arts, especially wayang wong until he worked at the Fine Arts Workshop (BKSR). Keywords: soegeng toekio, visual style, habitus, esthetic flavor DOI: 10.7176/ADS/87-01 Publication date: November 30 th 2020


During prolonged exercise or work in the heat, human thermal homeostasis is first challenged, and eventually lost, as one moves from a compensable state through to uncompensable heat stress. During the first week of such exposure, work and athletic performance is most affected, and the threat of heat illness is greatest. However, given adequate time, the body will undergo a three-phase adaptation to better tolerate the heat. In this review, the principles and practices of the six primary methods by which such heat adaptation may be achieved are evaluated. One technique involves repeated exposure to both heat and exercise, and is designed to elevate and maintain a target body temperature, by varying the intensity of the work rate during the acclimation period: the controlled-hyperthermia (isothermal) technique. It is recommended that this method provides the most dependable, and least hazardous, means of adapting workers and athletes for heat stress.


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to give a new and explicit proof of a result due to Ulmer in which he computes the L -functions of symmetric representations of the first etale cohomology group of universal elliptic curves over Igusa curves in terms of Hecke polynomials.


The global financial crisis of 2007/2008 was the painful peak of a decade of "financial euphoria" and inadequate financial re-regulation in the advanced economies. However, during that period of "financial euphoria", the structure of the developed financial systems in the EU varied significantly, considering the importance of the banking market or that of the capital market in the system as a whole. Thus, an area for political economy research emerges, considering the institutions and the structural elements of an economy that could have contributed to this kind of differentiation. In this paper, the analysis is focused on the financial system's funding from individuals and households as one of the three basic fields of the financial intermediation process. Particularly, we discuss and examine the relationshipbetween "privatization of risk" and income inequality -as characteristics of the households' investment orientation- with the development of structurally varied financial systems in the EU. The descriptive and statistical results suggest that households' investment orientation is related with the differentiation in the characteristics of the EU financial systems. However, this nexus can partially interpret -in terms of political economy- the varied financial systems in the EU, as the analysis must take into account the remaining fields of the financial intermediation process: the funding from international and interbank markets and the financial system's funding to the economy.


Small‐scale and headwater catchments are mostly ungauged, even though their observation could help to improve the understanding of hydrological processes. However, it is expensive to build and maintain conventional measurement networks. Thus, the heterogeneous characteristics and behavior of catchments are currently not fully observed. This study introduces a method to capture water stage with a flexible low‐cost camera setup. By considering the temporal signature of the water surface, water lines are automatically retrieved via image processing. The image coordinates are projected into object space to estimate the actual water stage. This requires high‐resolution 3D models of the river bed and bank area, which are calculated in a local coordinate system with structure from motion, employing terrestrial as well as unmanned aerial vehicle imagery. A medium‐ and a small‐scale catchment are investigated to assess the accuracy and reliability of the introduced method. Results reveal that the average deviation between the water stages measured with the camera gauge and a reference gauge are below 6 mm in the medium‐scale catchment. Trends of water stage changes are captured reliably in both catchments. The developed approach uses a low‐cost camera design in combination with image‐based water level measurements and high‐resolution topography from structure from motion. In future, adding tracking algorithms can help to densify existing gauging networks.


Using post-colonial theory, we sought to determine what current falls prevention recommendations are offered by local falls prevention programmers (LFPPs) to reduce fall rates among Inuvialuit Elders in Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada, and to understand how falls prevention programs for Inuvialuit Elders can be co-created with participants to be culturally safe. The findings showed that Inuvialuit Elders and LFPPs in Inuvik recommend adding environment assessments and modifications, physical activity, and education for Elders and caregivers to existing programs. They also felt that for culturally safe falls prevention programs to occur, LFPPs must include the following strategies: establishing trust and rapport within the community, including both Indigenous and non-Indigenous interventions in falls prevention programs, and training others on cultural safety practices.


This paper reviews the embodied flow of China's foreign trade based on China's foreign trade. We summarize the current situation and embodied flow of China's foreign trade. On the basis of these, the main contents of embodied flow of China's foreign trade are introduced, such as embodied energy, embodied emission, virtual water, virtual land and energy. Research contents, method, scale and shortcomings of the five main contents are summarized. We finally present the future research perspectives on embodied flow of China's foreign trade.


We analyze the existence of a moving attractor for a semi-linear parabolic equation. The analysis is carried out by using a coordinate transformation to obtain the equation in moving coordinates and the contractions of the solutions to traveling wave solutions. We show that a moving attractor exists if the linearized equation on the moving frame follows a stability condition. Application of moving attractor in long term error analysis is discussed with numerical examples.


In the aftermath of the 1992 Kenyan multi-party general elections, the first plural elections since political independence in 1963, and the victory of the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) on a minority vote, progressive forces, patriots, democrats, and the left in Kenya have demonstrated a concern to critically evaluate the political fecundity of participating in electoral politics. Inside the country, the frustrations, disenchantment and despondency over the failure of the opposition parties to remove the Moi regime at the last election, has fostered a situation in which ordinary people are beginning to ask whether genuine changes can be brought about through the ballot box. Given this state of affairs, it is not surprising that in their latest pamphlet, Mwakenya addresses itself to the content of 'democratic transition' in Kenya and attempts to chart a way forward.


The global information developing today,the school library in the overall school occupies a very important position.Now our school library in the Information age's servicsion has done a lot of work,but with the age about development of information technology networks than were not yet adequate.In the future the library needs to continue to expand the range on the basis of social services.In order to enhance network services to guidance the students' employment;Introduction Subject Librarian for disciplines;the introduction of long-distance services outside library system to increase efficiency.


This paper introduces a new control method for biped locomotion on rugged terrain. The authors assume the ideal robot model which has massless legs. When a particular constraint control is applied to the ideal biped, the dynamics of the robot becomes completely linear. The authors call such motion the linear inverted pendulum mode and use it to develop the control scheme of the biped walking on rugged terrain. In the linear inverted pendulum mode, walking on a particular rugged ground is shown to be equivalent to walking on a level ground. It is also shown that the additional use of the ankle torque makes the control scheme robust and applicable to a real biped robot with mass legs. The authors built an experimental biped robot which achieved stable walking on a level ground.<<ETX>>


substantial variation in gestational age-adjusted and sex-adjusted fat mass The antecedent of fetal body composition that are associated with newborn fat mass proportion are poorly The aim of this study to determine whether a composite measure of fetal fat mass is prospectively associated with newborn adiposity. a longitudinal study of 109 low-risk pregnancies, fetal ultrasonography was performed at approximately 12, 20 and 30 weeks gestation. Estimated fetal adiposity (EFA) was derived by integrating cross-sectional arm and thigh per cent fat area and anterior abdominal wall thickness. Newborn per cent body fat was quanti fi ed by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. The association between EFA and newborn per cent body fat was determined by multiple linear regression. Results: After controlling for confounding factors, EFA at 30 weeks was signi fi cantly associated with newborn per cent body fat (standardized β =0.41, p < 0.001) and explained 24.0% of its variance, which was substantially higher than that explained by estimated fetal weight (8.1%). The observed effect was driven primarily by arm per cent fat area. Conclusions: A composite measure of fetal adiposity at 30 weeks gestation may constitute a better predictor of newborn per cent body fat than estimated fetal weight by conventional fetal biometry. Fetal arm fat deposition may represent an early indicator of newborn adiposity. After replication, these fi ndings may provide a basis for an improved understanding of the ontogeny of fetal fat deposition, thereby contributing to a better understanding of its intrauterine determinants and the development of potential interventions.


This paper presents a novel implementation of a primary standard for low-g shock acceleration calibration by laser interferometry based on rigid body collision at National Institute of Metrology, China. The mechanical structure of the standard device and working principles involved in the shock acceleration exciter, laser interferometers and virtual instruments are described. The novel combination of an electromagnetic exciter and a pneumatic exciter as the mechanical power supply of the standard device can deliver a wide range of shock acceleration levels. In addition to polyurethane rubber, two other types of material are investigated to ensure a wide selection of cushioning pads for shock pulse generation, with pulse shapes and data displayed. A heterodyne He–Ne laser interferometer is preferred for its precise and reliable measurement of shock acceleration while a homodyne one serves as a check standard. Some calibration results of a standard acceleration measuring chain are shown in company with the uncertainty evaluation budget. The expanded calibration uncertainty of shock sensitivity of the acceleration measuring chain is 0.8%, k = 2, with the peak acceleration range from 20 to 10 000 m s−2 and pulse duration from 0.5 to 10 ms. This primary shock standard can meet the traceability requirements of shock acceleration from various applications of industries from automobile to civil engineering and therefore is used for piloting the ongoing shock comparison of Technical Committee of Acoustics, Ultrasound and Vibration (TCAUV) of Asia Pacific Metrology Program (APMP), coded as APMP.AUV.V-P1.


The article reveals the essence and role of mass open online courses in modern educational environment. As a product of the information society mass open online courses have developed into open educational resources in an effort to ensure the openness of knowledge and the possibility of interaction of people from different countries. At present, there are three main types of mass open online courses, which differ in approaches implemented, training tactics, content filling, interaction of students. To understand these features, the article provides examples of domestic and foreign practice. The authors describe domestic platforms of mass online open courses and prospects of using them in formal education.


TRUST is a program to analyze and evaluate a given set of bus transit routes and associated frequencies, in terms of several descriptors, including measures of user costs, service quality, and operator resources. The procedure assigns a known demand matrix to the transit network according to a path choice logic that explicitly considers transfers. As such, it calculates the percentages of the total demand trips that are able to reach their destination with no transfer, via one transfer, via two transfers, or simply cannot be satisfied (with two or fewer transfers). Also computed are several node-level and route-level descriptors for use in the route network planning and design process. After the assignment is executed, the program determines the service frequency necessary on each route to maintain the passenger load factor below a specified maximum. The procedure can be used iteratively until the calculated frequencies are consistent with the input frequencies. TRUST is written in the LISP language because the latter's "list" data structure representation is particularly well suited to support the path search and enumeration activities inherent in the assignment logic and path choice rules appropriate in a transit network. The application of the program to the transit network of the Austin, Texas, urban area (with some simplifying assumptions) is presented, illustrating the program's capabilities and computational performance.


The Atomic Spectroscopy and Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons (ASACUSA) collaboration at the Antiproton Decelerator facility of CERN is carrying out precise laser spectroscopy experiments on antiprotonic helium (pHe ⌘ p+He + e ) atoms [1, 2, 3]. Employing buffergas cooling techniques in a cryogenic gas target, samples of atoms were cooled to temperature T = 1.5–1.7 K, thereby reducing the Doppler width in the single-photon resonance lines [3]. By comparing the results with three-body quantum electrodynamics calculations, the antiprotonto-electron mass ratio was determined as Mp/me = 1836.1526734(15). Besides providing a consistency test of CPT symmetry, the results have recently been used to set constraints on any exotic fifth force that may exist at the ⇠ 1 Å length scale [4, 5, 6, 7]. Further improvements in the experimental precision are currently being attempted.


The writing rules of the Diario Carioca, first elaborated in 1950, are considered in the Journalism history of Brazil as the first writing manual of the Brazilian press. The newspaper lasted from 1928 to 1965. However, in 1929, the former editor of the A Provincia newspaper, Gilberto Freyre, in Recife, established the precursor of the Brazilian writing manuals. Freyre sticked a paper on the editorial office's mural with guidelines on how to write a story. The objective of this paper is to recover this historical fact and make a short analysis on the writing manuals.


Heat transfer and fluid flow of turbulent natural convection along a vertical flat plate with a backward-facing step were investigated experimentally. The effect of step height on heat transfer was classified through a series of heat transfer measurements. The wall temperature and fluid flow were then visualized using a liquid-crystal sheet and water-soluble fluorescent paint in order to investigate the separation and reattachment of fluid flow. It was revealed that the characteristic low-temperature patterns appear on the backward heat transfer plate and that they play a significant role in heat transfer enhancement. These patterns are generated by the penetration of the low-temperature fluid lumps having three-dimensional and unstable structures near the wall. It was further found that the maximum heat transfer point is not consistent with the reattachment point of the separated flow and that these points shift downstream with increasing step height.


Organosilane-functionalized carbon dots (SiC-dots) were prepared by a simple one-pot hydrothermal approach. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the SiC-dots revealed a reversible response toward the temperature (293-343 K). Through Si-O-Si bonding, temperature-sensitive PL SiC-dot films could be easily fabricated on glass substrates.


Little is known about the social and private economic returns to graduation for mature students in the UK. However, the post-Dearing changes in the funding of higher education have initially been associated with a significant fall in applications from this group of entrants. This paper, by providing an economic assessment of mature female entrants to higher education, allows a preliminary evaluation of these changes. It critically appraises the limited empirical work in this area, identifying methodological weaknesses. Theassessment addresses the issue of re-entry into employment and relates maturefemales' entry into higher education to the wider issue of gender inequality inthe labour market. It concludes that a case can be made for additional subsidies targeted at this group of entrants.