Centre for Bioethics. Experts rank top 10 biotechnologies for improving global health within 5–10 years [news release]. Toronto, On-tario, Canada: University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics; 2002. Millions of people in developing countries now die each year from diseases that in the near future could be prevented or treated cheaply and easily through the development and use of such biotechnologies as genetically engineered vaccines and new procedures that enable faster, more-accurate, and more-affordable diagnosis of infectious diseases, according to a study released recently by a research center in Canada. The study also says biotechnology advances could increase the length and quality of life of more than a billion people around the who have been left largely untouched by many of the health advances that benefited the developed countries of the world in the 20th century. The study was conducted by researchers at the University of Toronto's Joint Centre for Bio-ethics (JCB). Based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the JCB is a partnership among the University of To-ronto and eight affiliated hospitals. The JCB focuses on research, education, and clinical activities related to bioethics. Entitled Top 10 Biotechnologies for Improving Health in Developing Countries, the study identifies 10 of the genomic biotechnologies and other biotechnologies most likely to improve global health within a decade. To prepare the study and identify the most-promising biotechnologies, the JCB researchers worked with a panel of 28 experts on genome-related technology and global health issues from around the world. Panelists from the Region of the Americas included specialists from Bra-zil, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, and the United States of America. The 28 panelists used a three-round process over a five-month period in selecting the 10 biotechnologies. The experts first responded to an open-ended question asking them to suggest promising areas of plant, animal, or human genomics or other biotechnologies that could be relevant to either communicable or noncommunicable diseases in developing countries. The technologies could be pre-dictive, preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic ones and could also be convergent between health and agricultural biotechnology. The second and third rounds of discussion were used to narrow down the initial list of 51 biotechnologies and to reach a final consensus on the 10 most promising ones. In making their final choices, the panelists reported that they considered such criteria as the potential impact of the biotechnologies; the biotechnologies being low-cost, effective, and easily applied in rural


Execution After Redirect vulnerabilities---logic flaws in web applications where unintended code is executed after a redirect---have received little attention from the research community. In fact, we found a research paper that incorrectly modeled the redirect semantics, causing their static analysis to miss EAR vulnerabilities.
 To understand the breadth and scope of EARs in the real world, we performed a large-scale analysis to determine the prevalence of EARs on the Internet. We crawled 8,097,283 URLs from 255,957 domains. We employ a black-box approach that finds EARs which manifest themselves by information leakage in the HTTP redirect response. For this type of EAR, we developed a classification system that discovered 2,173 security-critical EARs among 416 domains. This result shows that EARs are a serious and prevalent problem on the Internet today and deserve future research attention.


As handling divorce cases in either litigious or/and non-litigious ways,the resolutions of property division not only affect whether legal property rights of both parties could be well protected,but also involve the stability,harmony and peace of both families as well as the society as a whole.Since present approaches to resolving divorce property disputes are limited for options and often applied with unprogressive techniques,and the legislature concerned could hardly match up with the judicial practice in China,the final settlements of the cases are often lacking in justice.The key issues and difficulties in resolving property disputes among divorce cases are how to tell marriage property and private property apart and how to investigate hidden asset.On this point,the application of forensic accounting to divorce cases in the United States throws light on the Chinese judicial practice in divorce proceedings by providing valuable references and implications.


this is why we discontinued neuroleptic medication when it appeared in our patient; but this discon tinuance was not enough to forestall the oncoming neurodysleptic syndrome. While uncommon, the emergence of a parkinson like syndrome after discontinuance of neuroleptic therapy is puzzling. Have there been any similar observations from other quarters ? And should this occurrence be interpreted simply as a delayed effect, as a rebound effect, or as a true withdrawal syndrome? D. DE MAIO. Neuropsychiatric Emergency Service †̃¿ R. Bozzi', Via Assietta 38,


Wood is a valuable raw material for the production of fine chemicals. However, since wood extractives cannot be used directly, their chemical transformation is required. Catalytic processes, in particular, possess the advantages of being environmentally friendly and industrially attractive. The use of sugars for the production of sugar alcohols and terpene transformations, are well known examples. In contrast, catalytic processes for the utilization of fatty acids, phytosterols and lignans as raw materials are very rarely reported. The products obtained from these materials exhibit health promoting properties. The present mini-review is focused on recent activities devoted to catalytic transformations of fatty acids, phytosterols and lignans derived from wood.


2 This is part of a series of four reports that aims to assist boards in preparing to assess their corporate culture and in understanding how it can influence either functional or dysfunctional behaviour. About ACCA ACCA (the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants) is the global body for professional accountants. We aim to offer business-relevant, first-choice qualifications to people of application, ability and ambition around the world who seek a rewarding career in accountancy, finance and management. Founded in 1904, ACCA has consistently held unique core values: opportunity, diversity, innovation, integrity and accountability. We believe that accountants bring value to economies in all stages of development. We aim to develop capacity in the profession and encourage the adoption of consistent global standards. Our values are aligned to the needs of employers in all sectors and we ensure that, through our qualifications, we prepare accountants for business. We work to open up the profession to people of all backgrounds and remove artificial barriers to entry, ensuring that our qualifications and their delivery meet the diverse needs of trainee professionals and their employers. The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) is the UK's largest organisation for funding research on economic and social issues. It supports independent, high-quality research which has an impact on business, the public sector and the third sector. The ESRC's total budget for 2013/14 is £212 million. At any one time it supports over 4,000 researchers and postgraduate students in academic institutions and independent research institutes. The ESRC's research makes a difference: it shapes public policies and makes businesses, voluntary bodies and other organisations more effective as well as shaping wider society. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people outside ACCA have contributed enormously to this project. The authors would like to thank all the roundtable participants and in particular Matthew Leitch for his advice throughout the project, Malcolm Lewis for sharing his experiences on working with boards, Vincent Tophoff and Dan Swanson for their help in the New York roundtables, Professor Colin Coulson-Thomas and Surendra Shroff for facilitating the roundtables in Bangalore and Dubai and Dr Graham Wilson for compiling the review of academic literature. In addition, ACCA would like to thank the members of the ACCA Global Forum for Governance, Risk and Performance and ACCA UK's Financial Services and Internal Audit Network Panels for their advice and support throughout the project. Paul is head of corporate governance and risk management …


A GaN single-crystal substrate and a method for processing surfaces of the same are provided to enhance production efficiency by preventing warpage. A GaN single-crystal substrate(110) is formed by performing a double-sided polishing process. When a transmittance of the GaN single-crystal substrate is measured by using light having a wavelength range of 370-800 nm, the transmittance of the substrate is 65-90 percent. The GaN single-crystal substrate is characterized in that the light to be irradiated to the GaN single-crystal substrate is from ultraviolet light to infrared light to measure the transmittance of the GaN single-crystal substrate.


The President's Committee of Advisers on Science & Technology (PCAST) met late last month in Washington, D.C., to hear the first round of public comment on a National Science & Technology Council (NSTC) report, "Renewing the Federal Government-University Research Partnership for the 21st Century." Among the issues academic participants raised were the pending requirements on data disclosure from the Office of Management & Budget (OMB), tax issues for research, and federal costs-haring policies. The report is something of a departure from most recent reports on the U.S. R&D enterprise in that the Cold War and its "post" years are not the sole frame of historic reference. Although the authors note the great influence of the 1945 Vannevar Bush report, "Science: The Endless Frontier," they emphasize that federal funding of science has long played a role in U.S. history and in development of the U.S. economy in particular. The authors of the report—a multiagency task ...


Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow The paper gives data on the prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome. It is stated that the ratio of all clinical symptoms of FM syndrome should be borne in mind when treating patients with this disease. Various specialists should be attracted to the treatment of these patients. Psychotropic medications that are prescribed by a psychiatrist are indicated where there is a preponderance of psychological disorders; the duration of this therapy is variable, but not more than 2—3 months. Most patients need proper analgesia, improved sleep quality and duration, and diminished fatigability that frequently leads to lower (none) working capacity. Pregabalin (lyrica) promptly suppresses the major manifestations of FM; the onset of its action is seen just after one week of treatment; the use of the drug may be continued as long as it is effective and safe.


Change of glaciers in the central Qilian Mountain in recent 50 years,including the Heihe River Basin and the Beidahe River Basin,was analyzed based on the remote sensing data and field survey.Results indicated that the total area of 910 glaciers investigated was reduced by 21.7% with a reduction rate of 0.002 km2·a-1 during the period from 1956 to 2003,in which the total area of glaciers was reduced by 29.6% in the Heihe River Basin and 18.7% in the Beidahe River Basin.Reduction rate of the small glaciers was generally higher than that of the large ones,indicating that the small glaciers were more sensitive to climate change than the large ones.There was a regional difference in area change of glaciers due to the different geographical locations of the glaciers,local climate conditions and topographic factors in the central Qilian Mountain.Recent field survey revealed that the total area of glaciers in the Hulugou River Basin located in upper reaches of the Heihe River was reduced by 30.1% during the period from 1956 to 2010,and the reduction of glacier area in recent 7 years was 5 times of that in previous years.Shiyi Glacier located in this region was separated into two independent glaciers due to the serious ablation.Glacier melt runoff is the vital water source and plays an important role in stabilizing stream flow and regulating annual variation and distribution.


In endothelial sensing of shear stress, the Ca2+‐permeable TRPV4 channel was proposed a candidate mechanosensor. Using TRPV4−/− mice, we investigated whether the absence of endothelial TRPV4 alters shear‐stress‐induced vasodilation. Loss of the TRPV4 protein and function was confirmed by IHC and electrophysiology in endothelium of TRPV4−/− mice. Agonist‐ and shear stress‐induced vasodilation was determined by pressure myography in carotid artery (CA) of TRPV4−/− and TRPV4+/+ mice (WT). In WT CAEC, TRPV4 was activated by the pharmacological TRPV4‐opener 4alphaPDD, arachidonic acid (AA), and by hypotonic cell swelling (HTS). In CAEC of TRPV4−/−, 4alphaPDD did not produce currents and currents in response to AA and HTS were greatly reduced. 4alphaPDD elicited a robust and strictly endothelium‐dependent vasodilation in WT mice, again strikingly absent in TRPV4−/− mice. Shear stress‐induced vasodilation was present in WT, but was eliminated in TRPV4−/− mice. Flow‐induced vasodilation was significantly reduced in TRPV4−/− vs. WT mice. In conclusion, loss of TRPV4 abolishes shear stress‐induced vasodilation. Thus, Ca2+‐influx through endothelial TRPV4 channels is a critical mechanism contributing to endothelial mechanotransduction.


Ceremonial and a birthing chair. The significance of rituals during the childbirths of Maria Theresia (1717–1780)Maria Theresia (1717–1780), Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Bohemia and Hungary, delivered sixteen children in twenty years. The following seminar paper aims to reconstruct the deliveries of Maria Theresia in order to give an insight into childbirths of royals in the 18th century. It covers the childbirth itself as well as the following activities to understand the importance of rituals and ceremonials surrounding the deliveries, considering that children were equivalent to the continuity of the monarchy and the Habsburg dynasty. To this end, the paper analyses letters written by Maria Theresia herself as well as records of her master of ceremonies.


The selective media found useful in the examination of sugar products are:

(a) Osmophilic medium, consisting of a synthetic wort agar made in a 45° Brix, partially inverted syrup, for the examination of osmophilic yeasts.

(b) A modified Sabaroud's broth for the estimation of yeasts on membrane filters.

(c) Dextrose tryptone agar, liver broth and iron sulphite agar for thermophils. in the third medium reduced sulphite concentration would probably be more accurate in the estimation of Cl. nigrificans.

There is no satisfactory selective medium for capsulated bacteria in sugar products.


Several current sophisticated oil recovery projects involve injection of a slug consisting of a micellar solution, and carbon dioxide or a hydrocarbon solvent. Slug costs combined with low oil saturation may result in marginal economics; thus, the economic success or failure of a miscible project may hinge on choosing the proper slug size. Oil recovery, hence profit, is a function of, among other things, slug size. An illustration shows 4 recovery curves. One shows laboratory data for micellar solution floods in which various slug sizes were used. The other 3 curves were computed from these data by assuming that for each of them there were 2 equal-volume, equal-porosity layers, identical in all respects except for absolute permeability. Oil recovery is reduced with increasing permeability contrast, partly because slug is not equally accepted by the 2 layers, and partly because the tighter layer is not completely swept before the economic limit is reached. Other recovery curves could be generated, simulating more layers, pattern geometries other than linear, or other desired degrees of complication. These examples suggested smaller slug should be used with increasingly stratified reservoirs, quite the opposite conclusion from a classical paper on the subject. Although this technique has limitationsmore » and is not intended to be a complete economic analysis, it is a quick, convenient method for evaluating the feasibility of a project.« less


The development of a new technique capable of analyzing compounds crystallographically without first needing to crystallize them has been recently described. The present thesis aims to demonstrate the potential of such a technique, which utilizes crystalline sponges, in order to regularly order guest compounds in a porous media. The structural stability of the molecular sponges, which are highly porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), is first investigated, revealing that the Co-based MOF, 1, undergoes two remarkable transformations. This thesis also demonstrates how the technique can be employed to visualize the motion and occupancy of gaseous guests in a MOF. The Zn-based MOF, 4, was found to physisorb and chemisorb molecular iodine, leading to the formation of a variety of polyiodide species. The flexible nature of the host was determined to be an essential component in the exceptionally large iodine uptake capacity of the MOF. These results illustrate that the crystalline sponge method can be an effective strategy for directly visualizing guest molecules and obtaining vital information on the interactions formed between the host and guest.


The potential long-term metabolic and vascular consequences of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the commonest reproductive endocrine disorder of women, continue to attract considerable interest. There have been numerous reports of perturbances in a range of potential vascular risk parameters in this condition. It is now well appreciated that women with PCOS as a group appear more insulin resistant for a given body mass index (BMI) and, linked to this, are at increased risk of glucose intolerance. They also display slightly raised triglyceride and lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels compared with women without PCOS and, in concert with this dyslipidemic pattern, exhibit a greater preponderance of smaller denser lowdensity lipoprotein particles (1). Modest elevations in inflammatory parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP) (2, 3), indicating subclinical inflammation and independent of degree of obesity, have also been noted in PCOS. Additionally, affected women exhibit endothelial dysfunction in both microand macrovasculature (4), perturbation of fibrinolytic pathways (5), and subclinical atherosclerosis (6). Thus, the general thrust of evidence favors an enhanced vascular risk in women with PCOS. In this issue of JCEM, Heutling et al. (7) report yet another perturbance in a novel vascular risk parameter in women with PCOS. These investigators measured circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in 83 women with PCOS, comparing results with data from 39 controls without PCOS. ADMA is a potent endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and accordingly, higher ADMA levels correlate to lower NO formation and endothelial dysfunction. The authors show that ADMA levels are not only significantly higher in women with PCOS but that they also correlate to BMI and fasting insulin in affected women. Moreover, in the subgroup of women treated with metformin, ADMA levels decreased significantly independent of a reduction in BMI, with a concurrent improvement in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT).These latterresults,althoughof interest, shouldbeexamined with caution because the number of women receiving metformin wassmall (n 21),anddurationof treatmentwasshort.Moreover, there was no placebo arm, and the IMT findings have not been replicated in non-obese PCOS (8) and may be solely attributable to weight loss (9). Consequently, although of potential great interest, there is a need to put both the current study and many previous similar studies relating PCOS and cardiovascular risk factors into a clinical context. With respect to the current report, although ADMA has been linked independently to risk for incident vascular events, the prospective data are limited to a few relatively small studies (most having 150 incident vascular events), and thus confidence intervals have been large. Moreover, the majority of such studies have been conducted in individuals with existing vascular disease (10, 11). In one of the largest studies in terms of number of events (n 182), patients in the top quarter of ADMA levels at baseline had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.70 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.02–2.88] for incident major cardiovascular events (10). This hazard ratio, achieved with incomplete consideration of all established coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors with no adjustment for high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, is in fact relatively modest and suggests ADMA levels may not necessarily enhance CHD risk prediction beyond established risk factors. On the basis of predictive studies employing receiver operating characteristics analyses or equivalent, many other novel risk factors also fail to significantly enhance risk prediction (12). Indeed, even the value of CRP for risk factor stratification is now increasingly questioned (13). Nevertheless, if we accept that many risk factors are perturbed in women with PCOS, and that vascular risk is elevated, to what extent does this translate into more frequent or earlier events, thereby providing a rationale if any for screening? The definitive answer is unfortunately lacking because there have been no adequately powered prospective epidemiological studies with the requisite baseline phenotyping. However, analysis of the contribution from the relative components of the diagnosis of PCOS is helpful in this respect. In a long-term follow-up study of 786 women diagnosed with PCOS, primarily based on ovarian wedge resection histopathology, there was no significant increased risk of death from cardiovascular-related causes after an


Long before globalization, the digital age, and sustainable development, the world evolves and progressed along an advanced knowledge of human intelligent, and the economic that is driven mainly by capitalism. Intrigued in ways to pursuit both the profit and benefit but for certain, demise from monetary. Achieving Social Values and counting it as the main profit for an organization is a business model that is worth looking into. A Social Enterprise (SE), with its aim to attain social values and benefit as their main revenue stream, this article would further realize and decode to propose of an ideal Business Model for the greater good. "Local Alike", as Tourism Social Enterprise (TSE) has emerged in Thailand and developed countless of both successes and failures business models, it has conquered stages of uncertainty during this so called 'Ever - Changing Era'. Local Alike has combined both the social values and benefit models to lead the community and most importantly it has effectively invented and developed a "CBT Model" this article intended to focus on analyzing, as it is with hope to simplified and high-lighted of social enterprise whose certainly know to' think globally but act locally to lead nations' CBT.


The promulgation of laws has been stipulated in Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning Guidelines for the Promulgation of Laws, which has been changed post enactment of Law Number 13 of 2022 on Second Amendment of  Law Number 12 of 2011, one of which is the application of the Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) and the Rule, Opportunity, Capacity, Communication, Interest, Process Method, and Ideology (ROCCIPI) as the basis for the Establishment of Legal Products in e Academic Manuscript of the Bill of Law/Regional Regulation.  Integrating the methods into Academic Manuscripts is incorrect considering that it serves as the justification (philosophical, sociological, and juridical) which is academic or scientific in nature upon the conclusion of Laws and Regional Regulations. (RIA) is an analysis method of policies that acts as a companion to academic manuscripts called the RIA Statement. This is interesting to study of how is the development of the RIA and ROCCIPI in promulgating laws? How do the techniques for preparing academic manuscripts pre and post the enactment of Law Number 13 of 2022 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011 compare?
Keywords: Regulatory Impact Analysis; Rule, Opportunity, Capacity, Communication, Interest, Process, and Ideology; Legal Products.


We consider the symmetric algebra of a class of monomial ideals generated by s-sequences. For these ideals with linear syzygies, we determine their Jacobian dual modules and study their duality pro...


"Infection complication has a major impact on outcomes of patients with combat related penetrating head injuries. There is still a discussion around which factor influence outcomes and infection complication. In the beginning of war, in 2014, the evacuation system was not ready for a sudden start of hostilities because of limited medical resources, the lack of neuro visualization in the frontline, the lack of trained personnel provided first aid to the wounded. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the factors that influenced the development of infectious complications in penetrating combat head injuries with limited medical capabilities on theatre Materials and methods: This is retrospective study of 79 military cases with penetrating head injuries, which was received during the fighting in eastern Ukraine in the period from March 2014 to the end of December 2017. Information was collected on demographics, evacuation assistance, type of injury and infectious complications. R commander was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results: Infection complication of CNS were detected in 31 cases (39,24%). Factors that influence rate of infection are low GCS on first evaluation (p<0.001), CSF leak (p=0.002), ventricular injury (p<0.005), installation of tidal drainage (p=0.005), superficial wound infection (p=0.013) and wound dehiscence (p<0.001). Conclusions: There are many controversies in managing penetrating gunshot wounds to the head. Still exist lack of information that neurosurgeon can trust. Data even about small samples still very informative "


I support the current government's attempts to reform the UK welfare system, which resembles a road to bankruptcy paved with good intentions. However, I take issue with unsympathetic narratives in the press mocking the supposedly undeserving poor, with 'dole scrounger' and 'bogus asylum seeker' caricatures firmly embedded in the national psyche. Pejorative stereotyping masks what really matters — worsening inequalities, and how politicians are actively complicit in this process.

The number of poor children has risen recently,1 yet two-thirds are from working households.2 Over-represented among them are the children of migrant workers,2 whose parents are often on the minimum wage or zero hours contracts, and experiencing hardship and poor health.3 Meanwhile, what remains of the indigenous working class is disenfranchised, with employers opting instead for the migrants. Youth unemployment continues to rise,4 challenging the wisdom of making older people work longer.5

Analysis of social inequality has historically compared …


Objective To discuss the factors that influence the long-term postoperative effect in patients with intermittent exotropia. Methods 107 patients with intermittent exotropia were divided into groups according to age,type of operation,type of strabisumus,presence of fusion and amplitude of involuntary convergence and the curative efect were compared, Results The follow up time was from 2 years to 10 years, average 2.8 years. The postoperative eye positions were orthophoria in 85 cases (79%),exotropia in 14 cases (13%) and esolropia in 8 cases (8%). The orthophoric rate did not correlate with age,type of operation,type of strabismus ( P 0.05) ,but with preoperative presence of fusion and amplitude of involuntary convergence ( P 0.01) . The undercorrection rate of the patients who had not fusion function and have insufficiency involuntary convergence before operation was high ( P 0.05) .The overcor-rection rate was not related to these factors. The younger patients were, the higher the recovery rate of their stereoscopic vision was ( P 0.01). All A - V syndrome disappeared. Conclusion The preoperative presence of fusion and amplitude of involuntary convergence of the patients with intermittent exotropia have quite an effect on their postoperative eye position. Earlier operation is in favor of the recovery of binocular vision.


Online communication platforms face security and privacy challenges, especially in broad ecosystems, such as online social networks, where users are unfamiliar with each other. Consequently, employing trust management systems is crucial to ensuring the trustworthiness of participants, and thus, the content they share in the network. WhatsApp is one of the most popular message-based online social networks with over one billion users worldwide. Therefore, it is considered an attractive platform for cybercriminals who spread malware to gain unauthorized access to users' accounts to steal their data or corrupt the system. None of the few trust management systems proposed in the online social network literature have considered WhatsApp as a use case. To this end, this paper introduces WhatsTrust, a trust management system for WhatsApp that evaluates the trustworthiness of users. A trust value accompanies each message to help the receiver make an informed decision regarding how to deal with the message. WhatsTrust is extensively evaluated through a strictly controlled empirical evaluation framework with two well-established trust management systems, namely EigenTrust and trust network analysis with subjective logic (TNA-SL) algorithms, as benchmarks. The experimental results demonstrate WhatsTrust's dominance with respect to the success rate and execution time.


Male and female silver eels, in fresh water or sea water, have few gonadotrophs (GTH) poorly differentiated. An oestradiol (E2) treatment induces their development: a well developed Golgi area, abundant secretory granules (200-500 nm), dilated cisterna and large globules 1.2-2.2 micron) are observed. A positive feedback may control gonadotropin synthesis in immature eels. No macroscopic effect is discernible on the gonad.


The article discusses the importantance of eco-environment monitoring,the effect and progressing in environment monitoring.Eco-environment monitoring is the technical pledge and sustaining sytem of eco-environment construction.The arcticle simply discusses eco-environment monitoring's basic notion and monitoring index's setting.


Background: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and clinical safety of regional anticoagulation (heparin pre‐filter plus post‐filter protamine) plus antiaggregation (pre‐filter prostacyclin) [Group 1 (G1)] vs. only systemic heparin anticoagulation without antiaggregation [Group 2 (G2)] in critically ill patients with acute renal failure undergoing continuous veno‐venous haemofiltration (CVVH).


A variety of reusable launch vehicle concepts has been designed and analyzed within the scope of the Future European Space Transportation Investigations Program systems study, which has been performed under a contract of the ESA by a joint European industry team. The designs under consideration included reusable two-stage-to-orbit configurations as well as several reusable single-stage-to-orbit vehicles with cryogenic rocket propulsion. All concepts were based on unified requirements, standards, technology assumptions, and design tools. To verify the consistency of the design process and to ensure the compatibility of the achieved results, as well as to identify the relative merits and inherent characteristics of the different basic vehicle concepts, a comparative technical assessment was performed among the various designs themselves as well as in relation to analogous configurations from other programs found in the open literature. Whereas the performance relations between the designs generated under common ground rules were found to be plausible, discrepancies in comparison to other programs could be traced to differences in requirements, technology assumptions, and design approaches. The results of associated considerations with respect to the main vehicle characteristics and related performance parameters are presented.


Size and shape controlled semiconductor quantum dots have been widely adopted in tailoring nanomaterials properties. Alternatively, chemically coupled quantum dots offer a novel route for tuning long range electronic transitions of semiconductors via band offset engineering at the material interface. We report on a simple route of tailoring visible emissions over long range by chemically designing coupled dots comprising of ZnSe and CdS quantum dots. Long range tunability of visible emissions originated from strong interdot dispersion, which can not be realized from individual quantum dots. The first principles electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory reveals the type‐II nature of chemical bonding at CdS/ZnSe interface which plays a crucial role in tailoring the long range emissions.


We report the echocardiographic features of a patient with a nonprolapsing left atrial tumor. By using proper gain or reject, left atrial echoes due to tumor can be differentiated from recording artifact produced by improper technique.


The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential of cubic phase gel based drug delivery system for periodontal delivery of ciprofloxacin. The prepared gels were characterized for drug content, drug loading efficiency, gelation temperature, gel melting temperature, pH, bioadhesive force, viscosity, gel strength, swelling and drug release profile. The cubic phase gels were prepared with varying combinations of glyceryl monooleate(GMO), glyceryl monostearate (GMS), methyl cellulose, Span 80, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and glycerol. The drug content in the formulations was found to be high and in the range of 89.91-96.44%. All the formulations displayed the gelation temperature within the appropriate range of 30-36°C. C-2 had the highest gelation temperature, gel melting temperature, viscosity and mucoadhesive strength. The surface pH of gels was found in the range of 6.41 – 6.78 and gel strength from 60–75s. The drug release kinetic studies divulged the best fit with the Higuchi's equation, representing the release of ciprofloxacin HCl by diffusion.


We report on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) behavior of heavy metal (HM)/Fe alloy/MgO thin film heterostructures when an ultrathin HfO2 passivation layer is inserted between the Fe alloy and MgO. This is accomplished by depositing one to two atomic layers of Hf onto the Fe alloy before the subsequent rf sputter deposition of the MgO layer. This Hf layer is fully oxidized during the subsequent deposition of the MgO layer, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The HfO2 insertion generates a strong interfacial perpendicular anisotropy energy density without any post-fabrication annealing treatment, for example, 1.7 erg / cm 2 for the Ta/Fe60Co20B20/HfO2/MgO heterostructure. We also demonstrate PMA even in Ni80Fe20/HfO2/MgO structures for low-damping, low-magnetostriction Ni80Fe20 thin films. Depending on the choice of the HM, further enhancements of the PMA can be realized by thermal annealing to at least 400 o C . We show that ultra-thin HfO2 layers offer a range of...


Current micromixing models in transported PDF (probability density function equation) modeling of initially nonpremixed, turbulent reacting flows ignore the direct influence of chemistry on the dissipation rate of reacting scalar fluctuations. Following mapping closure, a model for the time scale of reactive scalar mixing in the flamelet regime is developed and comparisons made with direct numerical simulations of a turbulent reacting jet. The modeling results show a significant improvement over the generally used estimate of substituting the time scale of the reacting scalar by that of a conserved scalar in traditional transported PDF approaches. The model can readily be applied to many existing mixing submodels used in transported PDF modeling when the time scales of the reacting scalars appear explicitly in the formulation. The submodels allow the transported PDF approach to now encompass the fast as well as slow chemistry regimes.


The invention relates to a DOHC sliding cam valve train of an internal combustion engine with four-cylinder in-line arrangement and cylinder shutoff. One of the two camshafts (8, 9) has two shared cam pieces (10, 11) for the respective adjacent engine cylinders (I, II, and III, IV).


The paper suggests the development of a low cost fuel cell inverter system. The approach consists of a three-terminal push-pull inverter to boost the fuel cell voltage of 24V to ±220V ac with HF transformer (1KHz frequency). High-frequency ac link conversion offers a possible way to reduce the number of power stages, in the form of a cycloconverter. The approach keeps the number of stages and magnetic elements low while providing galvanic isolation. Either SCRs or IGBTs can be used as output devices, which provide an unusual cost/performance trade-off possibility. Gate drives and other control elements are also simplified. The design provides excellent performance with a minimum filter components and a simple control. Keywords— Cycloconverter, Inverter, Simulation, Multivibrator, Fuelcell


The state of rheologic properties of blood and hormonal status is studied in 91 operated patients with uterus myomas. Aggregational properties of thrombocytes, erythrocytes and their deformation dynamic viscosity are investigated in blood taken from ulnar vein and uterus veins. The increased viscosity syndrome of blood especially in uterus is revealed. The correlation of these disorders and hormonal indices is stated.


What are the cultural politics of what becomes recognised as sustainable consumption and consequently good environmental citizenship? And how does this contour who is able to participate in urban environmental politics? In this article, I draw on Bourdieusian theories of distinction to explore the links between (sustainable) consumption, moral authority and participation in environmental politics in Bangalore, India. I re-theorise the term performative environmentalism to argue that when the new middle classes successfully claim cultural authority over sustainable consumption, it obscures the daily environmental practices of the poor in a manner that further disenfranchises their already tenuous right to the city and its environments. This analysis connects the study of consumption practices to scholarship on just sustainabilities by exploring the relational poverty and class politics of sustainable consumption. By focusing on how sustainability and poverty discourses articulate with each other, I show that performative environmentalism exacerbates the exclusion of the working poor from participation in environmental politics by reinforcing class inequalities, restigmatising poverty and monopolising ecological legitimacy for higher status groups. Doing so, I connect cultural and practice-based studies of green consumption to broader questions about how inequality is reproduced in neoliberalising cities through everyday practices.


In order to improve the attitude stability of the robot, proposes an attitude control method of robot based on kinematics analysis model, solve the robot walking posture transformation, grasping and controlling the motion planning problem of robot kinematics. In Cartesian space analytical model, using three axis accelerometer, magnetometer and the three axis gyroscope for the combination of attitude measurement, the gyroscope data from Calman filter, using the four element method for robot attitude angle, according to the centroid of the moving parts of the robot corresponding to obtain stability inertia parameters, using random sampling RRT motion planning method, accurate operation to any position control of space robot, to ensure the end effector along a prescribed trajectory the implementation of attitude control. The accurate positioning of the experiment is taken using MT-R robot as the research object, the test robot. The simulation results show that the proposed method has better robustness, and higher positioning accuracy, and it improves the reliability and safety of robot operation.


......................................................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 4 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................. 6 1. CREATION OF MUTANT HUMAN CODING REGIONS OF E(R) ................................................................................. 6 2. CONSTRUCTION OF RECOMBINANT VECTORS .................................................................................................. 9 3. INSERTION OF THE MUTATED HUMAN E(R) GENE INTO THE FINAL VECTOR, PATTB ........................................ 12 4. PHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF MUTANT DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER USING GENETIC MANIPULATION ............... 13 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................................ 15 1. EVIDENCE OF THE SUCCESSFUL CREATION OF RECOMBINANT VECTORS ........................................................ 15 2. RESULTS OF THE CROSSES OF MUTANT FEMALES TO MALES CONTAINING THE DESIGNED TRANSGENES ......... 16 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................... 20 APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................................................... 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................ 23


STUDY OBJECTIVE
To assess the utility of an ultrathin bronchoscope (UB) in the assessment of central airway obstruction (CAO).

DESIGN
Prospective evaluation

SETTING
Tygerberg Hospital, a tertiary teaching hospital.

PATIENTS
Consecutive patients referred to the Lung Unit with CAO.

INTERVENTIONS
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) was performed with a prototype UB (Olympus BF XP40; Olympus Europe; Hamburg, Germany; outer diameter, 2.8 mm; working channel, 1.2 mm). The UB was used whenever a standard bronchoscope (SB) could not pass the obstruction or could not be tolerated by the patient.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
Data relating to indication and performance of FOB, patient demographics, utility in establishing a diagnosis, and planning definitive management were documented. Twenty-four patients (17 men; mean age, 46 years) were studied. Twelve patients (50%) had malignant CAO, 8 patients (33%) had benign tracheal stenosis, 3 patients (12.5%) had stent occlusion, and 1 patient (4%) had bilateral vocal cord paralysis. In 42% of patients, an initial attempt at passing the obstruction with an SB had failed. Vocal cords or trachea were involved in 62% of patients. The mean luminal occlusion was 84% of the total airway lumen (range, 50 to 100%). One complication (desaturation) led to early termination of FOB. In all but three patients with complete obstruction, the UB was able to pass the CAO and allowed assessment of the obstruction and the distal airways (87%).

CONCLUSION
UB-FOB was useful and safe in the assessment of patients with CAO from both benign and malignant disease. It aided in establishing a diagnosis and/or planning of definitive management in all patients examined.


In the framework of our attempts to develop cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes toward bifunctional targeting inhibitors or agents for photodynamic therapy, diagnostics, and bioimaging, a series of bis-cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes [Pt(CNC)(L)] (L = DMSO, MeCN) containing various (CNC)2– ligands based on 2,6-diphenylpyridine were synthesized and characterized analytically and spectroscopically, focusing on their electrochemical, luminescence, and antiproliferative properties. Electrochemical experiments and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy suggest ligand-centered LUMOs and metal-centered HOMOs in line with DFT calculations. Extension of the ancillary phenyl to naphthyl cores and a central 4-phenylpyridine group instead of pyridine results in bathochromic shifts of the long-wavelength absorption bands ranging from 420 to 440 nm, with the latter shift being more pronounced. The complexes of the fused CNC heterocyclic systems dba (H2dba = dibenzo[c,h]acridine), db(ph)a (H2db(ph)a = 7-phenyldibenzo[c,h]acridine),...


This paper investigates the role of managerial entrenchment in the decision to hire an investor relations specialist. Managers of small and mid-cap firms spend considerable resources on hiring investor relations (IR) firms. This paper proposes a hypothesis to explain this spending. We argue that more entrenched managers are less likely to hire IR firms, because such managers are less likely to have their compensation tied to stock returns and be more wary of outside attention from the market. Using a common definition of managerial entrenchment, we show that entrenched managers are indeed less likely to hire an IR firm. We also examine the relationship between the method of payment of the IR firm (cash or stock) and future performance of the client. If an IR firm is paid in stock, it has an incentive to expend more effort on its client's behalf, thus leading to increased client performance. Our evidence shows that there is indeed a positive relationship between payment in stock and future client performance.


The command longch is used with data in which there are several records per subject. The variable idname identifies the subjects, and the string in c() contains a logical condition. The program reports the number of subjects for which some records satisfy the condition; the number for which no records satisfy the condition; and the number of subjects for which every record satisfies the condition. In addition the logical variables _some, _none and _every which flag the records are created. This is useful for dropping all records belonging to subjects of a particular type, eg those with no records satisfying the condition.


Meconium ileus (MEC), failure to thrive (FTT), and a combination of FTT and pulmonary symptoms (COMB) are the most frequent symptoms of cystic fibrosis (CF) at the time of diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to compare to normal controls (NC) the pulmonary function of CF infants at the time of diagnosis, when grouped by these symptoms. The measurements of pulmonary function included oxygen saturation (SaO2), functional residual capacity (FRC), mixing index (MI), total respiratory system compliance (Crs), and maximal flow at FRC (VmaxFRC).


Over the span of three days, 2,600 undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral scholars, along with their mentors and recruiters, participated in the 2005 Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students (ABRCMS), held in Atlanta, Ga., 2–5 November.


Resources factors and attraction or core resources and states in order to attractors event in a tourist destination , includes: phsysiography and climate , culture and history , market ties , mix of activities , the tourism suprastructure by factors in support of and resources ( supporting factors and states in order to resources event in a tourist destination, includes: infrastructures , accessibility , facilitating resources , hospitality and politic will.        The methodology used in this study is descriptive quantitative to see the condition of core resources and attractors and supporting factors in tourist destinations Kandi Tourism Object of Kota Sawahlunto, correlation method to see the relationship between the factor itself and its relationship with tourist destination Object Kandi Kota Sawahlunto regresional method to find out how big the influence of core resources and attractors factors and supporting factors that exist on the tourist attraction in Kandi Sawahlunto Tourism Object. The result of the research is the development of tourism object conducted by the Department of Tourism and Culture of Sawahlunto City in the Tourism Object of Kencana Kota Sawahlunto has started to show good development seen from the course resources and attractors and supporting factors is 51%. Factors that influence the attractiveness tourist destinations Kandi Sawahlunto Tourism Objects are the variables that exist in course resources and attractors and supporting factors are very significant effect on tourist attraction, such as culture and history variables, mix of activity and infrastructure.


This work presents a cyclic pursuit model based on non-linear inter-agent interactions driven by double-integrator dynamics. Cyclic pursuit models, beginning with the famous "Three-Bug problem", have spurred a strong interest in the research community, encompassing linear and non-linear control models, synchronous and asynchronous pursuit and other similar variants and extensions. Much of the work, however, has been towards the development of kinematic pursuit models. Double-integrator models with directed interactions such as in cyclic pursuit models present strong challenges in the evaluation of the system stability and the emergence of global dynamic attributes based on local non-linear agent interactions. This work proposes and evaluates a control model based on a particular form of agent interactions involving linear attractive and non-linear repulsive forcing functions, directed from each agent to its leading agent along the pursuit curve. Specifically, the non-linear controller enforces a stricter implementation of collision avoidance among agents during pursuit, allowing for a reversal in pursuit direction when inter-agent separations drop to low values. Starting from arbitrary initial conditions for the multi-agent system, the emergence of stable cyclic pursuit configurations purely from local agent interactions is demonstrated. The proposed work has strong potential in co-operative perimeter-tracking applications such as wildfire monitoring and border patrol, where the need for efficient spatial distribution of agents around perimeters while in pursuit is essential for efficient data gathering and developing improved situational awareness for dynamic events.Copyright © 2012 by ASME