Most of the farmers of irrigated areas cultivate their fields with simple cultivator which creates a hard pan in the subsoil due to tilling the soil at same depth with same implement which has adverse effect on crop growth and yield.In addition to tillage nitrogen management is a key factor for better crop growth and yield.Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the "impact of different tillage systems, nitrogen rates and time of application on growth, yield attributes, grain yield, quality and nitrogen uptake of hybrid maize" at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2008 and 2009.Both the experiments were laid out on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement using three replications, in a net plot size of 4.5m x 10m. In first experiment three tillage systems (conventional tillage, tillage with mouldboard plough + 2-cultivation and tillage with chisel plough + 2-cultivation) were kept in main plots and nitrogen levels (100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1) in sub-plots.Different tillage systems significantly influenced soil physical properties, growth and yield characteristics as well as maize yield.Increasing tillage intensity resulted to improved soil porosity and reduced soil bulk density which led to higher crop yield.Chisel ploughed plots produced higher leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area duration (LAD), yield and yield components in comparison with other tillage systems.Maize yield with chisel tilled plots was 18% and 9% higher than mould board ploughed and conventionally tilled plots, respectively. Generally differences between different nitrogen application rates were more pronounced, increasing nitrogen application rate had positive impact on growth, yield components, yield and kernel quality.Increased LAI, CGR, grains weight per cob, 1000-grain weight and grain yield was recorded with 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen application.Maize yield with 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen application was 17% and 8.50% higher than 100 and 150 kg ha-1 nitrogen application respectively.The N uptake at 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen application was 240.88 kg ha-1 which was higher in comparison with other nitrogen treatments.Nitrogen application showed positive association with protein contents but negative association with grain oil and starch contents. In the second experiment different systems and nitrogen application timings were allotted to main plots and subplots respectively.Physiological, agronomic and qualitative traits in maize varied with nitrogen application timings.Physiological attributes like LAI and CGR was higher with nitrogen application in three splits i.e. 1/3 at sowing + 1/3 at knee height + 1/3 at tasseling, while the lowest was recorded with nitrogen application in two splits i.e. ½ at knee height + ½ at tasseling.The yield contributing parameters such as grains weight per cob and 1000-grain weight were found higher in plots fertilized with nitrogen in three splits.Similarly the highest grain yield was recorded in plots fertilized with nitrogen in three splits in comparison with other nitrogen treatments.The higher LAI, CGR and maize yield with nitrogen application in three splits was probably due to more availability of nitrogen at critical growth stages as compared to other nitrogen application timings.In addition to physiological and agronomic traits, nitrogen application at different growth stages also significantly affected the maize quality.Nitrogen application in three splits resulted to higher grain protein contents (8.23%) and (8.16%) during 2008 and 2009, respectively while the lowest grain protein contents recorded where all the nitrogen was applied at the sowing time. The higher protein contents in 2008 were probably due to drier environments at grain development as compared to 2009. Nitrogen uptake was also higher with nitrogen application in three splits while the lowest N uptake was recorded in sole application.Nitrogen uptake was higher during 2009, while lower during 2008 which might be attributed to nitrogen losses through leaching due to high rainfall at seedling stage during 2008. On the basis of economic analysis benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was calculated for both the experiments which showed that maize grown with nitrogen application @ 200 kg ha-1 in three splits by ploughing the soil with chisel plough was economical and gave more profit compared with other treatments.However, it is concluded that for obtaining higher maize yield and net income maize hybrid pioneer 31R88 should be grown with 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen application in three splits by preparing the field with chisel plough.


Introduction: Menopause is a physiological event in a woman's life. It is caused by aging of ovaries which leads to decline in the production of ovarian gonadotropins estrogen and progesterone. The deficiency of these hormones elicits various somatic, vasomotor, sexual and psychological symptoms that impair the overall quality of life of women. Objectives: (i) To determine the mean age of menopause in Kashmiri women. (ii) To evaluate the severity of menopausal symptoms among Kashmiri women. (iii) To analyze the impact of menopausal symptoms on quality of life among Kashmiri women visiting hospital. Methods: The study was conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lalla Ded Hospital, Government Medical College, Srinagar. Postmenopausal Kashmiri women between the age of 45-55 years with at least one year of amenorrhea and those who had attained natural menopause in last 5 years. Information regarding socio-demographic profile and reproductive parameters (such as parity, age of menarche, regularity of menses, age of menopause, and years since last menstruation) were recorded. For assessment of the menopausal symptoms Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was used. MRS is an 11-item questionnaire. For the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), The Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) was used. Results: This study included 200 Kashmiri women aged 45-55 years with a mean age of 50.7+5.29 years. Age at natural menopause was found to be 48.6+3.75 years. The three symptoms reported to be most prevalent included joint and muscular discomfort (84.5%), physical and mental exhaustion (65.5%) and hot flushes and sweating (46.5%). Of those who reported muscle and joint discomfort, 42.6% considered the symptoms to be moderate to very severe. The highest mean score was obtained for physical domain (3.62+0.358) followed by psychosocial (2.97+0.605), vasomotor (2.73+0.945) and sexual (2.41+0.909) domains respectively. Conclusion: The current study revealed that an increase in frequency, intensity of menopausal symptoms is related to poor physical, psychological, vasomotor, and sexual health-related QOL among women in the post reproductive period.


Objective:We observed the histopatholgical changes of biopsy sections of bone marrow in 100 cases of bone marrow metastatic cancer and compared them with that of bone marrow smears.Methods:The paitents' bone marrow with bone marrow metastatic cancer were aspirated in one step.Paraffin or plastics pack cover up marrow organization,HGF or MGG,Gomori and Masson dye a slice;Wright dye morrow slice.Results:The results showed the bone marrow biopsy was obviously more superior in increasing the correct rate of diagnosis and in iudgement of the degree of myeloidosis than smear examination,In addition,the accumulated marks of reticulin increased markedly than that of normal group(P0.01),but it was negative with Masson stain,showing that most of bone marrow metastatic cancer with myeloidosis was reticulin type.Conclusion:Bone marrow biopsy was used to diagnosis bone marrow metastatic cancer.It can improve the rate of diagnosis and assess the medical treatment and the prediction.


In the previous research the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of spinach PSII reaction center was reported. The MCD spectra were found to be sensitive to the electronic state of the heme, and the shape and intensity of the spectra could be correlated with the redox state, the spin state and the axial ligation of the central metal atom. Here we report investigation of these effects in MCD spectra of purified Cyt b-559 (in oxidized and reduced) isolated from spinach and wheat. It was observed that the Cyt b-559 have MCD signals in 540-580 nm region and 400-440 nm region. The reduced purified Cyt b-559 exhibit visible MCD spectra very similar in shape and intensity to those of PSII reaction center in these regions. Thus these visible regions can serve as the major contributors for MCD of PSII reaction center and as a marker for the presence of reduced low-spin heme. We have observed that both the heme (at 1550, 1337 and 1239cm-1), the histidine ligands at 1104cm-1 and the protein (between 1600 and 1700cm-1and at 1545cm-1) are in line with previously reports. The results of FTIR and MCD measurements proved that His residues are ligands of heme in the Cyt b-559 and a -helixes are major kind of secondary structures in Cyt b-559. The above properties of Cyt b-559 purified from different higher plants are very similar.


Recently there has been a move towards making the curricula of tertiary education in Mexico more flexible (flexibilizacion). Among the recommendations for making the curricula of undergraduate degrees (licenciaturas) more flexible is the expansion of options for the final degree requirements (titulacion) beyond the traditional thesis. This paper reports on one particularly successful experience we had with a group of students at the language department of the public university in Oaxaca who opted for one of the "new options": developing a professional project. This suggests ways that the professional project can engage students in creating an experience that gives them the opportunity to use creatively the knowledge developed during their years in the program, and as well, can have a positive impact on English language teaching in the communities that our universities serve. It is meant both to illuminate how a range of different theoretical aspects of applied linguistics and language pedagogy can be contextualized and integrated into one project, and to suggest ways that university language departments can better connect to local schools and teachers.


: Objective In order to survey the ac tions of having diet not following the doctor's advice.Method With the self-ed ited sche dule of survey about the 108 cases kidney disease patients not following the doc tor's advi ce.Result 63 cases did not comply with the medical order to have diet covering 58.33 percent of the total investigated patients. Conclusion The main reasons affected the patients not following the doctor's advice are age,educated degree,type of disease,duration of illness,fami ly economic standard and the patients understanding level about the dietotherapy . =


be it now or earlier, which decides what knowledge is worth transmitting. The author does not mince words when describing the current state of Indian politics and its effects on education, namely the dominance of what he calls Hindu nationalist historiography. In Ten Lectures, the writer has demonstrated his ability to weave together philosophy with practice. The style is conversational, liberally interspersed with accessible examples. However, there is a tendency towards narrating anecdotes, a strategy that engages listeners during lectures but when used too often is distracting for readers. Even with these drawbacks, students of sociology who are interested in education and those in the field of education who wish to question the norm will find it useful. The book was written about two years ago and in the course of these two years, several of the issues raised in the book such as religious nationalism or gap between skill and liberal education have become starker. Education is often based on promoting conformity, consensus and avoiding conflict. In its extreme form today, it has reached a point where any sort of questioning is labelled 'anti-national', where space is not given to repressed sections. The book warns that this attitude is not exclusive to the dominant ideology today, it is a trap in which other ideologies have fallen before and continue to fall; we need to ask ourselves why it is so if we want to move towards an enlightened society.


Supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle represents significant advantages in solar tower application. Various configurations of S-CO2 Brayton cycle employing recuperation, recompression, intercooling and reheating have been investigated. The thermodynamic performance of each cycle configuration is optimized by using Genetic Algorithm in which the maximum cycle efficiency is defined as the objective function. The optimization process is comprehensive, i.e., the decision variables such as temperature and pressure of turbines, compressors, re-heaters, inter-coolers, and the pinch point temperature difference are optimized simultaneously. The recompression inlet temperature and mass flow fraction are also optimized along with other decision variables where that is the case. The main limiting factors in the optimization process are maximum cycle temperature, minimum heat rejection temperature, and pinch point temperature difference. The maximum cycle pressure is also a limiting factor in all studied cases except the simple recuperated cycle. The optimized cycle efficiency can vary from 55.77% to 62.02% where the highest value is obtained for the recompression recuperated cycle with reheating and intercooling. The optimization is based on thermodynamic analysis only, even though decision making for practical systems should be based on thermo-economic optimization.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


place in the middle part of the island of Formosa, Japan. The earth quake was felt in all parts of Formosa, except for the southern-most end of the island. It showed the maximum amplitude of 16000ƒÊ at Taihoku. which is 111km. apart from the epicenter of this earthquake. According to the report of the Taihoku Meteorological Observatory, the time of occurrence is April 20, 22''02' G. M. T. The position of the epicenter was estimated at about 24•‹22' N., 120•‹48' E. The intensities of the earthquake were ‡W, ‡W,‡V, ‡U, ‡V,‡U,‡T, ‡T, and 0 at Taityu, Taihoku, Karenko, Arisan, Tainan, Hoko, Taito, Takao and Kosyun respectively, according to the scale adoptedby the Central Meteorological Observatory of Japan. Accompanying this earthquake, faults have appeared, of which those •@ marked A and B in Fig. 1 are the main ones. The fault A has an echelon type structure, the north-western side being displaced towards NE-Down. The observed maximum hori zontal and vertical displace ments are 145cm. and 50cm. respectively. Fig. 2 shows a


This article, by use of The computation method for the typhoon wind wave in shallow water regions affected by the coast, tried to hindcast typhoon waves which influenced the coastal areas of Shantou. Together with this process, criteria of wave pattern suggested by Thompson and formulations on energy concentration degree of different wave patterns provided by Goda were adopted to calculate the mixed waves of typhoon. Compared with the date in-situ observed, the calculated results were satisfactory. Based on the hindcasted typhoon waves of 44 years, the variations of wave heights, wave energy and principal direction during each typhoon process were obtained, and the distribution of wave energy along with direction at the moment of maximum wave heights was also hindcasted.


Guidance Clinic, Harrogate. Stephen Coates, M.A. (Cantab.), Principal Clinical Psychologist, Middlesex Hospital; Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street; Portman Clinic; Member of the Association of Child Psychotherapists. David Jones, O.B.E., Lecturer, National Institute for Social Work Training: formerly General Secretary, Family Service Units. To mark the occasion the Inner London Education Authority generously


In this paper we investigate an improved prototype for a Multi-view video-surveillance system utilizing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) along with an enhanced Multi-view video compression algorithm, all working side by side to generate real-time HD quality video with minimal delivery time to end user. The system has been divided into two stages: stage 1 includes the implementation of an efficient video coding scheme followed by stage 2 which includes the transmission over a state-of-the-art WSN network. Experimental results show delivery time saving of up to 49%, which is vital for real time application.


The application discloses a method for isolating an environment. An RPC client routing address pool is preset to automatically refresh all preset addresses at predetermined intervals. The RPC client stops automatically refreshing the routing address pool and swaps all current addresses in the routing address pool with a merged address when it receives an environment isolation command from an environment isolation apparatus. When the RPC client receives a service call request from the user, the RPC client generates a valid target address from the merged address in the routing address pool. The RPC client sends the service call request to the RPC server corresponding to the target address and the service processing result from the RPC server is fed back to the user. The invention solves issues such as high complexity and lack of complete isolation encountered when performing environment isolation during a remote procedure call without the need to change the hardware, and ensures the stability and security of environment isolation.


There was one section of the latest CESDI report I could not wait to read — the chapter on the rupture of the uterus (CESDI, 1998). So often the Confidential Enquiries into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy describes a problem we have seen in creasing in the AIMS postbag for several years. We had written to all the Chief Medical Officers in the UK and to the RCOG saying how worried we were. The classic picture was described over and over again by the mothers themselves. There was a previous section. This time someone tries to induce labour. In goes the prostaglandin gel. Maybe later a second dose. In some cases oxytocin follows, and the labouring woman reports pain. 'There, there, yes I know it hurrs,' says the kindly midwife, not picking up the difference in location or the type of pain, and not checking the woman's pulse.


Abstract The term Movida takes its name from the evening and night life of the city for their liveliness and animation. During the Movida, noise is one of the problems in the city centers due to the negative effects on the resident population. This paper reports the effects of noise due to the Movida phenomenon within the city center in southern Italy. Along the roads affected by the Movida phenomenon, the values of sound levels in dBA were measured both with fixed stations with a sound level meter and with mobile stations by wearing a noise dosimeter a participant of Movida. The measured noise levels are between 85 dBA to 90 dBA. The noise levels show that the Movida phenomenon generates disturbing conditions on the resident population with consequent conflict between club managers, patrons and residents.


Modern renewable energy systems (RES) require fault ride through (FRT) operation in order to provide voltage and frequency support to the power grid when faults occur. The grid synchronization of a RES could be ensured by the appropriate operation of a phase-locked loop (PLL). A new hybrid PLL (dαβPLL) has recently been suggested by the authors and could operate accurately and faster than the other existing PLLs. The dαβPLL could be a very useful tool in the FRT operation of a RES, since the faster performance of the new PLL could boost the time performance of the FRT algorithm when a disturbance occurs. This paper investigates the performance of the flexible positive and negative sequence control (FPNSC) when the new dαβPLL is used. The paper also deals with the improvement on the FRT operation of the RES that could be obtained from the outstanding performance of the dαβPLL.


Readers of Catullus 66, when comparing lines 77-78 with the Greek original, have long felt that something was missing. Fordycel sums up the problem: "The contrast here, as in Hymn 5.15, 25, is between the Xpijiara kXtd or a&IUKTa which the girl uses and the more elaborate JUKTQi of the married woman . . . if omnibus is right, unguenta has not the epithet which is needed to correspond to Y7VUatKSiJV and contrast with uilia." Pfeiffer2 suspected omnibus ("desideratur vox quae voci y7VUatKSi0V correspondeat"); Axelson3 grudgingly accepted it ("so gestattet doch das Metrum nur ein daktylisches Attribut mit vokalischem Anlaut und konsonantischem Auslaut, und uiber ein so beschaffenes Wort mit dem erforderlichen Sinne verfuigt die lateinische Sprache nicht"), but insisted on replacing una with Morel's nuptae in order to achieve the desired contrast. He then comments: "wenn wir nicht in die Irre gegangen sind, hatte also Catull die Locke vom Scheitel Berenikes sagen lassen: 'zusammen mit dem ich, nach ihrer Heirat aller Parfume beraubt, einst, als sie noch Jungfrau war, viele Tausende (von Parfiumen) getrunken habe [reading milia for vilia]."4 Clausen5 has rightly felt that there is no need for emendation in the phrase, which he defends on the grounds that Catullus, by using the word dominae in line 76 (to render Callimachus' S?KiVVn in line 75) has already provided a contrast for virgo. This is an excellent observation. I intend here to defend omnibus further by showing that, with regard to sense, Callimachus' y7VUatKSi0V was superfluous. It does act as a contrast to napOsvih, but Catullus had already taken care of that contrast with dominae, as Clausen shows. I believe that a better understanding of the implications of omnibus expers unguentis will remove any lingering doubts about the sufficiency of the phrase. In order to understand Catullus' version, we must first understand Callimachus' original, by investigating the nature of hair oil, both plain and expensive. It is instructive to look at the passage from Callimachus Hymn 5 (On the Bath of Pallas) 13-30, in which oil for anointing Athena is requested. In this passage, the Achaean


The invention discloses a fire-resistant case for annealing sapphire and a production method thereof. The fire-resistant case for annealing sapphire is formed by adding colloid into main ingredients and then pressing and sintering; the main ingredients include mullite premixture and white emery, wherein the mullite premixture is prepared by high-purity aluminum oxide, silica and high-quality kaolin; the fire-resistant case for annealing sapphire comprises a defensive wall, a bottom board, a cover board and an interior middle lamina board which form a relatively closed space. The production method of the fire-resistant case for annealing sapphire comprises the steps of proportioning the mullite premixture; carrying out ball milling; carrying out spray drying; mixing; carrying out dry mixing; adding colloid; homogenizing; pressing; and sintering to obtain finished product. According to the fire-resistant case for annealing sapphire and the production method thereof, the sapphire annealing technique can be simplified, a special vacuum or inert gas protection electric furnace or an expensive tungsten alloy fire-resistant bracket case is unnecessarily adopted for sapphire annealing, the production difficulty and cost of the sapphire annealing technique can be greatly lowered, the investment of equipment and fire-resistant case in the sapphire annealing procedures can be greatly saved.


Several previous studies have confirmed the usefulness of two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in assessing the severity of valvular aortic stenosis, in terms of maximum gradient (Max-G), mean gradient (M-G), and aortic valve orifice area (AVA). In these studies, echocardiographic data were not collected during cardiac catheterization, and the catheter for left ventricular (LV) pressure recording was passed retrogradely into the LV cavity. These two factors, representing a source of potential error, were avoided in this study involving 30 patients with documented calcific (26) or congenital (4) valvular aortic stenosis. Doppler studies were conducted simultaneously with invasive determination of pressure gradients and AVA, and the transseptal approach was used for LV pressure recording. Doppler-derived values for AVA using either velocity time-integrals (0.67 :i: 0.2 cm2; mean :i: SD) or peak flow velocities (0.68:i: 0.22 cm2) were identical with values for AVA obtained by cardiac catheterization (0.66:i: 0.22 cm2), the correlation between either of the two Doppler methods and the catheterization-derived AVA being sufficiently high (r = 0.90, Y = 0.81 X + 0.14, SEE = 0.09 cm2; and r = 0.89, Y = 0.91 X + 0.07, SEE = 0.1 cm2, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both) to be clinically useful. Similarly, Dopplerdetermined values for Max-G and M-G were highly correlated with counterpart values obtained by catheterization (r = 0.90 and r = 0.94, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both). We conclude that Doppler echocardiography represents a valuable tool for routine clinical assessment of valvular aortic stenosis.


Summary Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease manifests in mainly three forms : The cutaneous, the mucocutaneous and the visceral leismaniasis. All Leishmania species have two main developmental stages in their life cycle: the amastigote and the promastigote. The diagnosis of the visceral form is conventionally made by the demonstration of amastigotes of the parasite in the aspirated body fluids. Various therapeutic agents available for treatment are anti-monials, amphotericin-B, miltefosine, aminosidine, pentamidine and immunotherapy. Today, leishmaniasis has gained a relevant position worldwide among the causes of death by infectious diseases. This can be attributed to its risk of co-infection with HIV and rapid emergence of drug resistance. In the present article, an attempt has been made to investigate the present status and progresses in the treatment of this neglected disease.


Japan has developed a remarkably well-structured health checkup system for infants that is found nowhere else in the world. Under this system, all children are given, at their respective community health centers, four physical examinations at specified intervals: at four months after birth, at one and a half and three years old, and immediately before entering school, at age six. More than 90 percent of children in Japan actually receive these examinations. In most cases children with autism are suspected of having the disorder during their physical examinations at one and a half years old; and with the community health center serving as base, follow-up therapeutic care and education can then be initiated. At the point at which autism becomes strongly suspected, the children are given such care and education under a full-scale, day-care system, sometimes without awaiting a definitive diagnosis. This excellent infant health checkup system enables the therapeutic care and education of Japanese children with autism to start at the earliest stages of the disorder, generally at age two to three. In Yokohama (population 3,300,000), where I work, thanks to the well-organized therapeutic care and education program, it has become


The concept of a Dynamic Background Library (DBL) is well-known in literature and applied for several application areas. As it is planned to use a DBL within the scope of the research project AdeLE, a first prototype named EHELP was developed and evaluated already. Nevertheless, we never analysed the DBL in terms of the applicability for educational usage, in particular for elearning and adaptive e-learning. After a short review of critical aspects of adaptive e-learning, the conceptual design and the implementation of the EHELP system are outlined. Further, concrete educational scenarios for the application of a DBL are described and linked to aspects of the AdeLE project. Finally, first experiences derived by an evaluation of EHELP and the next steps of our future work are given.


In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and tumor-inhibiting effects of eburicoic acid, the main bioactive component in the Laetiporus sulphureus, on gastric ulcers. A total of 48 Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups: control, model, OL (omeprazole, 20 mg/kg/day, orally), EA-L (eburicoic acid, 10 mg/kg/day, orally), EA-M (eburicoic acid, 20 mg/kg/day, orally), and EA-H (eburicoic acid, 40 mg/kg/day, orally). Gastric ulcers were induced in mice by administering 80% ethanol containing 15 mg/mL aspirin (10.0 mL/kg, i.g.) 4 hours after drug administration on day 5. The ulcer index and H+/K+-ATPase activity were evaluated in vivo. Computer-aided molecular docking simulated the interaction between eburicoic acid and H+/K+-ATPase. The results showed that the oral administration of eburicoic acid protected the gastric mucosa from gastric lesions morphologically and especially attenuated H+/K+-ATPase activity. The results of this study indicate that the gastric protective effect of eburicoic acid might inhibit gastric acid.


This present study aimed to investigate the correlation of long non‐coding RNA THRIL (lnc‐THRIL) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) risk, disease severity, inflammation, and mortality in sepsis patients.


South African Defence Force veterans frequently evince nostalgia for their service in the apartheid army. This has invited censure as commentators regard it as self-evident that nostalgia for the oppressive apartheid regime is ethically dubious. However, such assumptions fail to employ the resources of moral philosophy to buttress and nuance their pronouncements. In this article, we argue that nostalgia can be understood as a bittersweet longing for irretrievable personal pasts, a yearning for times when South African Defence Force veterans felt a sense of belonging to a brotherhood in arms and to the imaginary white nation. However, this is not necessarily synonymous with a desire to reinstitute apartheid. We then offer a brief survey of significant difficulties posed by three prominent camps within moral philosophy (deontology, consequentialism and virtue ethics) for evaluating this post-apartheid nostalgia as a moral or ethical problem. We find that the emphasis on voluntary or deliberate action entrenched in mainstream moral thinking constitute substantial obstacles to arriving at sound judgements regarding the nature of nostalgia. We argue that nostalgia, properly understood, cannot fulfil commonplace theoretical and intuitive requirements for moral relevance. We therefore challenge the notion that definitive ethical judgements can usefully be made about post-apartheid nostalgia.


BACKGROUND/AIM
The ability of five formamidinodoxorubicins to induce apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells was tested. All these compounds were modified at C-3' and contain a formamidine group (-N=CH-NRR), with the rest of the cyclic secondary amine (HNRR) of a gradually increasing ring size.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cytotoxicity was assessed using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. To analyze apoptosis, double staining using fluorescence probes Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V- Fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI was carried-out. Additionally, the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling test and activity of caspase 3 were determined.

RESULTS
The four tested derivatives displayed a significant increase in antiproliferative activity in comparison to doxorubicin. All of the tested derivatives induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of MCF-7 cells.

CONCLUSION
DOX-F MOR and DOX-F PAZ analogs are more potent apoptosis inducers than doxorubicin.


This study investigated potential differences between expert and lay knowledge of factors influencing witness suggestibility. Expert psychologists (N = 58), jurors (N = 157), and jury-eligible undergraduates (N = 220) estimated the effects of misleading information on witness accuracy for three age groups in various conditions. Respondents possessed similar knowledge of age-related trends in suggestibility, the positive effects of a pre-misinformation warning, and the negative influence of longer delays between the event/misinformation and event/final memory test. Compared to experts, laypeople underestimated the size of suggestibility differences between age groups and lacked knowledge about how event detail centrality, witness participation, and source prestige can increase witness suggestibility. Laypeople rated themselves as being largely unfamiliar with witness suggestibility research and thought that expert testimony would be beneficial. These data shed light on the potential helpfulness of expert testimony in cases involving witness suggestibility. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en


Canadian healthcare leaders who participated in the pan Canadian National Study of Interprofessional Relationships between Physicians and Healthcare Administrators (CANSIRPH) emphasized that improving interprofessional relationships between physicians and healthcare administrators is the most important factor in success of healthcare systems and patient care quality. The leaders also considered that improving physicianmanager relations, patient care quality, medical errors reduction and efficient budget management are strongly correlated with improving communication and teamwork as well Health Information Technology (HIT). In fact, communication and teamwork shape 56% and HIT shapes 22% of satisfaction level of leaders with quality of interprofessional relationships between physicians and hospital administrators. CANSIRPH results also revealed that healthcare leaders across Canada are from different generations so a practical gap exists in healthcare professionals and leaders' ability to use various HIT applications as previous generations are more prone to use of pen and paper whereas newer generation of leaders are more technology savvy. HIT applications should be transferable and easy to use by all professionals at different healthcare organizations across continuum of care because HIT tremendously affects interprofessional communication and to improve patient care, improving communications and teamwork among all members of healthcare teams including clinicians and managers seems extremely necessary.


Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem., is a common legume of the eastern United States occurring on open, well-drained sites. Members of this species occurring on sandy soils of the Atlantic Coastal Plain contrast with those from other regions principally because of the silvery appearance of the indument. The incidence of plants with cleistogamously-formed pods is much higher in populations of this silvery variant than in other populations. These coastal plants have previously been considered L. hirta var. appressipilis Blake, Rhodora 26: 32. ]924. (TCurtiss 639, dry pine barrens, Duval Co., Fla., Oct., US 517623!). Blake described them as having "stems and leaves finely pubescent with appressed hairs; leaflets obovate to oval, the larger ].3-2 cm. long, 5-12 mm. wide, usually retuse, mucronulate." He cited three specimens. This description does not fit the type in that the leaflets are glabrous above. Upon examination of specimens of Lespedeza from 22 herbaria, supplemented by numerous personal collections, especialy from the Atlantic Coastal Plain, it became evident that the type is identifiable with the rare L. lo~gifolia DC., Prodr. 2: 349. 1825. (L. hirta var. longifoli~ (DC.) Fern.). The characters of the type of var. appressipilis agree with those of the type of L. longifolia (Photograph, GH!), particularly in that the terminal leaflets are more than, not less than, twice as long as wide, and that the leaflets are glabrous above, not silvery with fine, dense, appressed hairs above. Occasional collections of L. longifolia have appressed-pubescence above, however, not nearly as dense as that of coastal L. hirta. Thus the type of var. appressipilis does not agree with the numerous collections of L. hirta from the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Since the nomenclatural type of L. hirta var. appressipilis should be assigned to the previously published name, L. longifolia, a new name, L. hirta subsp. curtissii, is needed to designate the southeastern plants of L. hirta. Because of the geographical differences between the coastal and inland variants of L. hirta, am assigning these variants to the rank of subspecies.


A framework is illustrated for analysing and synthesizing parameter identification algorithms from the viewpoint of iterative solutions of linear algebraic equations. The Kudva-Narendra identification procedure is converted into an iterative vector scheme. This scheme is interpreted as being a Jacobi simultaneous over-relaxation method and then reformulated as a successive over-relaxation method. In these identification schemes, the coefficients are up-dated at each iteration based upon the latest measurements of the plant inputs and outputs. Through the framework advocated in this paper, numerical methods technology can potentially provide insights for developing improved identification algorithms and guidelines for their implementation. It is noted that stable adaptive observers can also be designed within this framework for the simultaneous estimation of both the plant state and parameters from input-output measurements.


Pumping solid abrasive particles in many industries is causing rapid wear on pumping equipment. The abrasive wear of the seals and the working parts of the dynamic pumps leads to energy performance degradation and to the significant reduction in the lifetime. Classic jet superchargers have fairly low workflow performance. The efficiency of the direct-flow jet pump does not exceed 30%. It contains the spread of jet technology for pumping bulk solids. Vortex chamber pumps are new pumps created on the basis of using the positive properties of jet and centrifugal pumps. These pumps, in contrast to direct-flow jet, allow pumping hard abrasive mediums with greater efficiency.
It is known that the shape of the vortex chamber rather strongly affects the performance of vortex devices, such as vortex valves, cyclones, vortex tubes, etc.
The aim of the work is to assess the influence of the vortex chamber form of the vortex chamber supercharger on its energy characteristics and hydrodynamic parameters.
The mathematical model has consisted of the Navier-Stokes equations averaged by Reynolds, a turbulence model adjusted for the curvature of streamlines, and continuity equation. For calculations, the OpenFoam software package was used, which allows to obtain reliable results and is distributed under the terms of the GPL version 2 license of the Free Software Foundation (FSF).
The shape of the vortex chamber affects the interaction of axial flows sucked by the supercharger, which, in turn, affects the energy performance..
The influence of the vortex chamber form of the vortex chamber supercharger on its operation parameters and energy characteristics is discovered. It was found that the classical cylindrical vortex chamber is the rational form of the vortex chamber. The use of a vortex chamber form different from classical design leads to a decrease in efficiency by 20 to 30%. This is due to a significant decrease in the ejection coefficient of the supercharger (from 15 to 22%). A local decrease in the height of the vortex chamber leads to a collision of the pumped flows, which reduces the flow rate of the suction fluid and reduces the efficiency. On the other hand, a local increase in the height of the vortex chamber leads to an increase in the friction of the flow and to energy loss in the vortex chamber.


The leading terms in the centroid-range and the variance-range curves are additive in the contributions made by the various sources of line displacement and line broadening. The intercept of the variance-range curve contains non-additive contributions inherent in the slow approach to zero of the functions convoluted in the line profile. Further terms in the series for these curves contain non-additive contributions that depend both on the functions convoluted and the range used; these terms approach zero as an inverse power of the range as this is increased.


Introduction: The unexpected diagnosis of breast cancer following total duct excision is distressing for patients. Despite advances in radiology and the description of suspicious nipple discharge, pre-operative diagnosis of malignancy still evades us. The aim of this study was to review the pathological findings of total duct excision and microdochectomy with reference to pre-operative symptoms, ultrasound, or mammographic findings and identify features associated with increased likelihood of malignant disease. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively of all patients who underwent total duct excision surgery in a single centre (2011–2017). Pre-operative demographics, symptoms, and imaging findings were recorded and correlated with subsequent pathology. Results: 214 patients underwent total duct excision; data were available for 211. Median age was 53 years. 175/211 (82.9%) patients had benign pathology (duct ectasia, papilloma without atypia, fibrocystic change) on final histological examination, 21/211 (10%) had "risk" lesions (papilloma with atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia), and 15/211 (7.1%) had malignancy (ductal carcinoma in situ). Of the 15 patients with malignant lesions, 6/15 (40%) had normal imaging (M1, U1). 71/211 (33.6%) had normal imaging (M1, U1): 60/71 (84.5%) had benign disease, 5/71 (7%) had "risk" lesions, and 6/71 (8.5%) had malignant lesions. 83/211 (39.3%) patients presented with bloody discharge: 64/83 (77.1%) had benign pathology, 9/83 (10.8%) risk, and 10/83 (12%) malignancy. 38/211 (18%) patients presented with non-bloody discharge: 32/38 (84.2%) had benign disease, 4/38 (10.5%) risk, and 2/38 (5.3%) malignant lesions. Conclusion: Neither imaging nor presenting symptoms correlate with the likelihood of malignant disease being present at final pathology. Even with advances in pre-operative diagnosis, total duct excision remains an essential diagnostic and therapeutic procedure.


The development of new catalytic techniques for wastewater treatment has long attracted much attention from industrial and academic communities. However, because of catalyst leaching during degradation, catalysts can be short lived, and therefore expensive, and unsuitable for use in wastewater treatment. In this work, we developed a bimetallic CuO–Co 3 O 4 @γ‐Al 2 O 3 catalyst for phenol degradation with bicarbonate‐activated H 2 O 2 . The weakly basic environment provided by the bicarbonate buffer greatly suppresses leaching of active Cu and Co metal ions from the catalyst. X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed interactions between Cu and Co ions in the CuO–Co 3 O 4 @γ‐Al 2 O 3 catalyst, and these improve the catalytic activity in phenol deg‐ radation. Mechanistic studies using different radical scavengers showed that superoxide and hy‐ droxyl radicals both played significant roles in phenol degradation, whereas singlet oxygen was less important. The synergistic effect was observed in CuO–Co 3 O 4 /Al 2 O 3 catalyzed phenol degradation with H 2 O 2 /HCO 3 − system, and the leachings of the active Cu and Co were greatly com‐ pressed due to the weak basic environment provided by bicarbonate buffer.


A new method of the measurement of the maximal laser pulse intensity at the focal spot is suggested. The measurement of the energies of electrons ejected from the focal spot by laser radiation is used.


Recent research on the alignment between F0 "targets" (e.g. maxima and minima) and the segmental string show that F0 targets exhibit "segmental anchoring", i.e. they co-occur with specific segmental landmarks such as the onset of a stressed syllable. Undoubtedly there are principles of speech production at work in this phenomenon, but the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that phonological structure must also form part of our eventual explanation for segmental anchoring. In studies of both Dutch and Japanese, phenomena of alignment are observed that seem to preclude phonetic explanation (in terms of e.g. segment duration) and to require reference to elements of phonological structure (e.g. distinctions of vowel length, sub-syllabic structure).


To improve the economy of the pyrolysis process by reducing the hydrogen cost, it is suggested to use cheaper hydrogen-rich gases such as coke-oven gas (COG) or synthesis gas (SG) instead of pure hydrogen. The pyrolysis of Chinese Xianfeng lignite which was carried out with real COG and SG at 3-5 MPa, a final temperature of 650{degree}C and a heating rate of 5{degree}C/min in a 10g fixed-bed reactor is compared with coal pyrolysis with pure hydrogen and nitrogen under the same conditions. The results indicate that compared with hydropyrolysis at the same total pressure, the total conversion and tar yields from coal pyrolysis with COG and SG decreases while the unwanted water increases. However, at the same H{sub 2} partial pressure, the tar yields and yields of BBTX, PCX and naphthalene from the pyrolysis of coal with COG and SG are all significantly higher than those of hydropyrolysis. Therefore, it is possible to use COG and SG instead of pure hydrogen. 8 refs., 3 figs., 6 tabs.


Introduction: Delirium is frequent in hospitalized older people, with
incidence rate up to 40% in acute care. Delirium is associated with
several adverse consequences, including increased mortality and
institutionalization. This study aims to investigate the prevalence,
incidence, and consequences of delirium in patients hospitalized in
an acute care unit for elderly (ACE unit).
Methods: Over a 3 months period, every patient (N = 93, mean age
84.1 ± 7.8 years, 66/93(71%) women) admitted to a 28-bed ACE unit
were systematically assessed for delirium. Trained nurses used the
Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) instrument to determine the
presence of delirium at admission and on each subsequent day over
patients' stay. Delirium prevalence rate was defined as the proportion of
patients with a positive CAM within 24 hours of admission to the ACE
unit. Delirium incidence rate was defined as the proportion of patients
with a negative CAM at admission whose CAM became positive at least
once during their stay. This evaluation was part of a functional
assessment, including Basic Activities of Daily Life (Katz BADL, from
0 to 6, higher score indicating better function). Delirium prevention
interventions and specific treatment was provided if needed.
Results: Overall,25/93(27%)patients had delirium during their stay.
Prevalence of delirium at admission was 10/93 (11%), with an incidence
of 15/83(18%). Compared with non-delirious patients, those with
delirium were more frequently men (10/25(40%) vs 17/68(25%),
p <.001) and had reduced functional status at admission(BADL 2.0 ±
1.9 vs 3.6 ± 2.1, p = .004). They tended to be older (86.0 ± 6.7 vs 83.3 ±
8.1 years, p = .110). At discharge, delirium was associated with reduced
functional status (BADL 2.0 ± 2.1 vs 4.3 ± 1.9, p <.001), lower rate of
home discharge (6/20(30%) vs 28/65 (43%), p = .009) and increased
mortality (5/25 (20%) vs 3/68 (5%), p <.001). On average, patients with
delirium stayed 5.7 days longer (17.0 ± 9.8 vs 11.31 ± 6.3, p = .011).
Conclusion: Delirium occurred in almost a third of these older patients,
even though its incidence was relatively low in this frail population.
Despite specific management, delirium remained associated with
higher risk for adverse outcomes at discharge. These results suggest
that early preventive interventions, implemented as soon as possible
after hospital admission, might be needed in similar population to
achieve better outcomes. Effectiveness of such interventions will be
evaluated in future studies.


In our previous study, the upregulation of microRNA (miR)-29c was identified in the mother of a fetus with a congenital heart defect. However, the functional and regulatory mechanisms of miR-29c in the development of the heart remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the role and mechanism of miR-29c inhibition in heart development were investigated in an embryonic carcinoma cell model. Inhibition of miR-29c promoted proliferation, and suppressed the apoptosis and differentiation of P19 cells. It was also demonstrated that Wingless-related MMTV integration site 4 (Wnt4) was a target of miR-29c, determined using bioinformatic analysis combined with luciferase assays. The inhibition of miR-29c stimulated the WNT4/β-catenin pathway, promoting proliferation of the P19 cells, but suppressing their differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the inhibition of miR-29c promoted the expression of B cell lymphoma-2 and inhibited cell apoptosis. These results demonstrate the significance of miR-29c in the process of cardiac development and suggest that miR-29c dysregulation may be associated with the occurrence of CHD. Thus, miR-29c may have therapeutic potential in the future.


This paper analyzes the rural-urban migration of families in the Bohemian region of Pilsen in 1890–1900. Using a new 2000-family dataset from the 1900 population census I examine the human capital investment aspect of rural-urban migration. I find that families migrated to the city such that the educational attainment of their children would be maximized and adolescent children are systematically more present as apprentices than unskilled workers. The results strongly suggest that in addition to labor reallocation, rural-urban migration is also a mechanism of human capital investment.


Background: The diagnosis of hollow viscus injury with advanced diagnostic tools and management of trauma by conservative and surgically by laparotomy and correction of anatomy. Hence such injuries are frequently overlooked leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Thus, this study is intended to throw light upon the prompt diagnosis and management of hollow viscus injuries in trauma. Hence the aim of the present research was to study the diagnosis and management of hollow viscus injuries. Subjects and Methods: A total of 100 cases were included in the study. All the patients were above the age of 11 years and maximum age of 80 years. Most of the patients included were male with ration of 4:1. After recording of history clinical examination followed by radiological, serological and operative findings were recorded. Data was analyse to study the male: female ratio, etiologies of viscous injury, investigation done and possible management for the treatment. Results: On analysis of the data, most common reason for the abdominal trauma was found to be road traffic accident followed by stab injury. The maximum of the patients belong to the age group of 2 to 30 years. Most common reason for the abdominal trauma was found to be road traffic accident followed by stab injury. Conclusion: It is mostly seen in the age group of 21-30 years which form the young and reproductive group. These patients' measures should be taken to prevent these accidents and care of victims at the accident site. Well established trauma care centers should be established at least at every taluk hospital. Measures for early transport of the patients from the accident site to the trauma care centres to be undertaken.


The first maze procedure was performed by Dr James L. Cox in September 1987 [1]. The procedure is still considered the gold standard when comparing its success rate to that of catheterbased alternatives and surgical modifications. The cut-and-sew maze procedure is also a unique example of a very careful application of a new surgical concept clinically. Only after years of development and research was the first clinical case performed following a very careful and selective process to select patients. Following the careful clinical implementation, all patients underwent a rigorous set of studies 6 months after the procedure. These included Holter monitoring, echocardiography, gated magnetic resonance imaging and a complete electrophysiological study (only the first 69 patients). Interestingly, atrial arrhythmia was not inducible in any of the patients studied. In 1998, Haïssaguerre et al. [2] published an important study demonstrating that in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), the pulmonary vein substrate plays an important role in the pathophysiology of AF. Their conclusion led us to the assumption that successful treatment of AF can be achieved by only isolating the pulmonary veins. This, together with the significant development in the field of ablation devices, resulted in a significant growth in the non-pharmacological treatment of AF. The growth in the number of percutaneous catheter ablations and surgical ablation of AF is impressive. Despite the growth and advancements in the technology and our understanding of AF, the results of most of the procedures are inferior to those achieved by the cut-and-sew maze procedure and its surgical ablation equivalents [3] with the latest report by the prominent group of electrophysiologists from Bordeaux France reporting only a 29% success rate in 5 years with a single catheter intervention [4]. The challenge we face as surgeons relates to the fact that despite our ability to apply the Cox–maze procedure lesion set safely and effectively using advanced minimally invasive approaches, the procedure is still perceived as very invasive due to the use of the heart–lung machine and the need to perform right and left atriotomies. Therefore, we are all tasked in developing effective minimally invasive approaches that will improve our ability to deliver such an important intervention to many more patients. This should be done carefully without compromising the results and the safety of the procedure. While seeking to develop new minimally invasive techniques to treat AF, surgeons should be aware of the exciting discussion evolving around the intervention to treat coronary artery disease, especially recent studies, looking into comparisons of off-bypass coronary bypass grafting surgery versus the traditional method. There appears to be no real advantage to the off-pump techniques and there are inferior outcomes in many aspects of the procedure. The important questions that we should all ask ourselves before accepting a patient for a standalone surgical ablation procedure using one of the latest off-bypass modifications to treat AF are:


Case Report A 31 year female presented to the emergency department with rapid onset of blurring of vision, dizziness, and nausea. Examination showed a painless, fixed, dilated left pupil. Neurological examination was otherwise normal. There was no history of headache or trauma. MRI brain was reported as normal. Full blood count, electrolytes, serum glucose, and inflammatory markers were also normal. Topical pilocarpine 1% induced normal constriction of the right pupil but had no effect on the left, confirming the pharmacological basis of the left mydriasis 1 . A detailed history revealed that the above symptoms developed shortly after preparing a combiventfi nebuliser for her mother. Following the instillation of Combiventfi to the nebuliser acorn, she rubbed her left eye. A diagnosis of a pharmacologically dilated left pupil, as a result of topical Combiventfi was made. The combined anti-muscarinic effect of ipratropium bromide and sympathomimetic effect of salbutamol both served to cause mydriasis. On review 1 week later, the patient's vision had returned to normal and examination was normal.


In this paper, an adaptive blind equalization method is proposed for differential single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system. Both time domain equalizer and frequency domain equalizer are investigated to combat the frequency selective fading. Simulation results show both the time domain and frequency domain equalization can improve the performance of differential SC-FDMA system in frequency selective fading channels.


The hills were indeed alive with the sounds of physics when the South African Geophysical Association (SAGA) held its 14th Biennial Conference and Exhibition at Champagne Sports Resort in the majestic Central Drakensburg Mountains from 6 to 9 September 2015. Attendance at the eventwas good,with over 150delegates fromas far afield asCanada andAustralia, and representing private and public sectors of the mining and petroleum industries. Apart from the eclectic array of workshops and off-site field trips, the Conference was a platform for authors to showcase their works via either oral or poster presentation. The overall theme of the Conference was 'Breaking Barriers', a specific challenge to the presenting authors to 'Think Differently'. This subset represents a collection of papers based on presentations made at the Conference. Several case studies, innovative data processing andmodelling techniques were presented, some of which form part of this collection. A number of other wide-ranging subjects were addressed, which gives testament to the diverse nature of the SAGA membership.


A multi-connector (1), comprising: a plurality of first connectors (110a, 110b, 110c and 110d); and a second connector (20) having a plurality arranged in a row in the transverse direction connector fitting chamber (21a, 21b, 21c and 21d), to fit the first connector. The first connector includes a fitting direction of the first connector and the other length of the first connector is different from a connector. Respectively determine the assembly of the first connector in a connector fitting chamber (21a, 21b, 21c and 21d) to complete the position arranged as abutting walls (22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d) positioned portions into a first connector to be connected length in the fitting direction coincide, so that the rear end surfaces of the plurality of first connector normally fully assembled are aligned in a flush.


Solid surface deployable antenna provides reduced volume in the stowage and relatively high surface precision. CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers) is a composite material that has the properties of light weight and high modulus. The electric characteristic of the layered laminate of the CFRP is investigated. For the incomplete deployment of the panels, the degradation of the antenna characteristics are analyzed.


A single machine processing different types of parts is considered. Switching from one type to another involves a setup time. The part types may have different processing times. The resulting scheduling problem is treated as a dynamical system for which several feedback policies that are implementable in real time and that stabilize the system are discussed. The main results are a characterization of the dynamics induced by clear-the-largest-work policies and the derivation of bounds on the total work-in-process which are better than those available in the literature. >


The purpose of this paper is to describe the process involved in re-designing Waterford Institute of Technology (WIT) Libraries' information literacy programme for first year students. It is written by some of the members of the library learning support team, who deliver the programme. It describes the steps involved in the programme's development and design, discusses the pedagogical principles that influenced the initiative, and summarises the evaluations we have undertaken to date. These evaluations have yielded positive informal and formal feedback from the students and lecturers who participated in the programme. The value of a pedagogically sound, active learning approach to information literacy training is highlighted throughout the results.


it is possible to modulate factors associated with the composition of the of the the cytotoxic potential of these and the degree of proliferation of the The factors associated with can be through can intervention three elements and the impact they may on primary of


Background: Glioblastoma Multiform has been a common and fatal brain tumor. In this regard, there was ambiguity around pa-tientsurvivalratesinIranquetodatainsufficiency. Inthisstudy, wehaveanalyzedtheoverallandprogressionfreesurvivalinGBM patients at Milad Tehran hospital. Methods: Inthisretrospectivestudy,wehaveconsideredsurvival,clinicalcharacteristicsandprognosticfactorsin123primaryGBM patients who underwent surgical procedure (Biopsy or Resection) between February 2010 and June 2015 at Milad hospital, Tehran, Iran. AllpatientshavepathologicallyprovenasprimaryGBM.Theoverallsurvivalandprogressionfreesurvivalhascalculatedusing the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model has used for univariate analysis of prognostic factors. Age, gender, first symptom of the disease, tumor location and size, treatment protocol, and surgery have considered in the Cox model as prognostic factor. Results: One hundred and one patients have been studied. The mean age of the patients was 52.12 + 1.64, 67% of the patients were male,and20% of thepatientshasnotincludedinadjuvanttherapyduetothepatientslowperformancestatusaftersurgery. Patient median survival time was approximately 10.1 (6.3 - 11.8); 80% of the patient survive more than a month; and 57% of the patient has survived for six month, and one year survival of the patients was about 37%. Median progression free survival time was about 6.3 month, one-month progression free survival was 70%, and six months and one year progression free survival rates were 50% and 26%, respectively. Patients higher than 50 years have shown significant, 2 times more chance of death (HR = 2.00 CI 95% (1.3 - 3.2)) or disease progression (HR 1.94 CI 95% (1.3 - 3.2)). Correspondingly, patients who has not included in adjuvant therapy had 3.9 CI 95% ( 2.3 - 6.8) more hazard of death and 2.8 CI 95% (1.6 - 4.8) more chances of disease progression than who included in adjuvant therapy with TMZ and radiotherapy. Gender, symptom, tumor location or surgery type have not significantly affected patient prognosis. Conclusions: GBM patient's survival would be quite poor. Nevertheless, this result was similar to the other reports from other centers and countries.


Historically, electromyographic activity over the corrugator supercilii (cEMG) has been used as measure of negative emotion and of exerted effort. Recently, researchers have found evidence for early increased cEMG during errors in cognitive control tasks, and that these increases are correlated with behavioral and neurophysiological measures of error monitoring. Given the potential for cEMG to be a more objective, continuous, and unobtrusive measure of negative emotion than self-report, we sought to assess its stability and reliability during errors of commission. In the present study, we reanalyzed error-related cEMG data from two studies—one using an inhibitory control task (n = 54) and the other using a classic Eriksen flanker task (n = 51)—and compared them to established measures of neural monitoring, the ERN and Pe. Calculations of Cronbach's alpha, signal-to-noise ratios, and correlations with grand average signal revealed that error-related cEMG was sufficiently stable and reliable in as few as 6 trials, and acquired excellent stability and reliability in as few as 14. Surprisingly, these results are highly comparable to both the ERN and Pe, despite the greater overall inter- and intra-variability of facial EMG compared to EEG. These findings suggest that cEMG is a stable and reliable measure when event-locked to errors, and may prove useful to researchers seeking an objective and fast measure of negative emotions during response tasks. electrophysiological analysis identified major discriminating components including the face-selective N170 and a significant late positive component for the social stimuli in comparison to the non-social stimuli. These findings provide behavioural, neuroimaging and electrophysiological evidence about the longstanding question of the relationship between social and non-social decision-making and represent an important step toward a neural explanation for complex human social behaviours.


What's transgender?" "Is there transgender history?" "You can teach a whole course on that?" "Transgender issues? Cool!" These responses reflect the range of reactions I get when I tell people the title of the course I teach at the University of Oregon: "Transgender History, Identity, and Politics." Most of the students seem to know what transgender means; last term the class filled to capacity within days of the onset of registration, and I turned away as many as the forty that enrolled. Transgender issues are entering the mainstream. In movies like Some Like It Hot (dir. Billy Wilder, 1959), Tootsie (dir. Sydney Pollack, 1982), and The Crying Game (dir. Neil Jordan, 1992), Hollywood has explored gender-crossing themes, the most recent examples being Better Than Chocolate (dir. Anne Wheeler, 1999) and Boys Don't Cry (dir. Kimberly Pierce, 1999). And the publishing industry is following suit. Recent successes include She's Not There: A Life in Two Genders by Jennifer Finney Boylan, Crossing: A Memoir by Deirdre McCloskey, and As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl by John Colapinto.1 Transgender is out of the closet, and it should be in the classroom as well. I define transgender broadly to include a range of gender expression. The chronology of the class encompasses the early American period through the present. The course syllabus embraces diverse topics, such as cross-dressing in colonial


Demographers are often confronted with the task of forming estimates by combining separate data sources. We propose a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator for such cases, and use the approach to estimate mortality using data from the U.S. Census and from Vital Statistics. Specifically, the GMM approach allows us to credibly estimate old-age mortality rates by race, gender, birth State, and birth cohort (with a focus of birth years 1906–1925). We show that State-of-birth effects are quite small for the white population, but are very large for the black population. The black-white mortality gap is much higher for individuals born in the Southern States than for those born in the Northern States.


A remarkably simple result concerning variances of maximum likelihood (ML) estimators is presented. This result allows for construction of residual diagrams to evaluate whether ML estimators derived from independent samples can be assumed to be equal apart from random errors. Such diagrams can be used to supplement, for example, likelihood ratio tests for the equality of the parameters in independent samples. As an application, a model from item response theory is studied, the polytomous Rasch model. Residual diagrams for the equality of the variances in a one-way analysis of variance are also briefly mentioned.


)bythe patch clamp technique. Therefore, thapsigargin-induced SOCE is a useful approach to investigatemechanisms of SOCE.Immortal NIH3T3 cells have been establishedfrom the embryonic NIH Swiss mice fibroblasts. TheNIH-3T3 cell is a useful cell line for investigationof transformation, stress fiber formation, or feedercells of keratinocytes. NIH-3T3 cells have epidermalgrowth factor (EGF) receptors (2), fibroblast growthfactor (FGF) receptors (3), platelet derived growthfactor (PDGF) receptors (3), bombesin receptors(3) bradykinin receptors (4) and ATP receptors(5), all of those receptors require calcium influx.Stimulation of those receptors mobilizes stored Ca


An amorphous computing medium is a system of irregularly placed asynchronous locally interacting computing elements I have demonstrated that amorphous media can b e con gured by a program common to all computing elements to generate highly complex prespeci ed patterns For example I can specify that an amorphous medium manifest a pattern representing the interconnection structure of an arbitrary electrical circuit My strategy is inspired by a botanical metaphor based on growing points and tropisms To make this strategy explicit I have developed the Growing Point Language GPL A growing point is a locus of activity in an amorphous medium A growing point propagates through the medium by transferring its activity from one computing element to a neighb o r As a growing point passes through the medium it e ects the di erentiation of the behaviors of the computing elements it visits The trajectory of the growing p o i n t is controlled by signals that are automatically carried through the medium from other di erentiated elements Such a response is called a tropism In this way a GPL program can exploit locality t o m a k e crude geometric inferences There is a wide variety of patterns that are expressible in GPL Examples include Euclidean constructions branching structures and simple text I prove that amorphous media can b e programmed to draw any prespeci ed planar graph and I obtain upper bounds on the amount of storage required by the individual processors to realize such a graph I also analyze how the e ectiveness of GPL programs depends upon the distribution of the computing elements Thesis Supervisor Gerald J Sussman Title Matsushita Professor of Electrical Engineering MIT Thesis Supervisor Harold Abelson Title Class of Professor of Computer Science and Engineering MIT Thesis Reader Thomas F Knight Title Senior Research Scientist Arti cial Intelligence Laboratory M I T


Resveratrol is a phytoalexin able to display an array of biological activities. We decided to replace the double bond with a triazole ring using the archetypical click reaction: the Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition. Seventy-two triazole derivatives were synthesized via a parallel combinatorial approach. Preliminary data suggest that this procedure can lead to the synthesis of compounds that display some, but not all, of resveratrol's actions with increased potency.


Error reconciliation is a necessary step for quantum key distribution process. The efficiency and the correction ability of error reconciliation procedures are analyzed and estimated, and it gives some expressions about it. The experiment results indicate that it can easily eliminate all errors when the error rate is at 11%.


Innovation has been categorised into levels, ranging from incremental to radical, each of which has the potential to impact on the workforce and the organisation of a company, influenced by contextual factors. This paper investigates the barriers to innovation diffusion in companies working at these two ends of the innovation scale, in order to identify similarities and differences in how levels of innovation affect an organisation and how culture affects success. It also considers these factors in light of the path dependency concept. Investigations were conducted on a case study basis, using semi-structured interviews. This led to the creation of force field analysis diagrams to portray the findings, which show the radical innovation implementation has experienced greater resistance than the incremental programme. Conclusions show that there were many similarities between the radical and incremental innovation projects. Differences were primarily based on project specific forces and those that occur as a result of path dependant forces that have shaped the current working environment. Organisational culture was found to be a significant influence, as all innovation programmes require the involvement of people. Findings of this study will contribute to theory on the differential and similar forces which shape incremental and radical innovations.


Smartphone Android LG L3 E400 Smartphone Android LG L3 E400- Android Smartphone LG E400 L3 is one type of smartphone that sailed wide. At the front there is only one button "home". This smartphone dobekali with a 3 Megapixel camera, a camera, we...


many adaptations are observed in lipid metabolism to support fetal milk synthesis (lactation) and fat reposition that occur in adipose tissue after weaning. On the other hand, during exercise the substrate pool is directed to muscle activity. The purpose o f this review was to answer the question: is exercise effective in reducing fat deposition after weaning, without leading to adverse effects on fetal and pup growth? We concluded that physical exercise is important to reduce fat deposition after weaning and do not lead to harmful effects on fetal and pup growth.


It is called a subgroup H of a group G s-conditionally permutable in G if for every Sylow subgroup T of G there exists an element x∈G such that HT~x =T~XH.This paper uses s-conditionally permutable subgroups to determine the structure of some groups.


Choco Gonzales Mesa, Research Director of the Southwest Voter Registration Education Project, writes to Dr. Hector P. Garcia, President of the American G.I. Forum, informing him that they received additional data about the November 7th Texas elections causing them to modify the election results reported in their study. He enclosed a more up-to-date version of the report.


A multi-train simulator developed at the University of Birmingham has been used for the Central Line renewal programme and other railway systems. This system has been purchased by London Underground. Further development of the simulator is required for the Northern Line. As a result, a project was initiated by the Development Directorate to develop the simulator. The project is being undertaken by the London Underground Design Consultancy Group-Professional Services Group operating within the Engineering Directorate. The authors outline the interaction of the three parties (client, client engineer and professional services) concerned with the simulator, how the simulator will be used, the work involved in extending its capabilities and the cost justification for the simulator development programme.


The electronic and the magnetic properties of (001) surface of KCaN2 half-metallic compound with full-Heusler structure are studied with the use of a full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Two possible terminations of the surface are considered and only the one with N atoms in the topmost layer is found to retain the half-metallic properties of the bulk. The magnetic properties of N-terminated surface are enhanced compared with the properties of the bulk. The calculated magnetic moments on the N atoms in the KCaN₂ are 1.26 μB in the bulk and 1.90 μ B at the surface. The subsurface metal atoms are also slightly polarized. In the surface terminated with metal atoms, not only the half-metallicity is destroyed, but also the magnetic properties of the system are weakened.


1. Introduction: The Politics of International Political Economy. 2. The Economics of International Political Economy. 3. Origins of a World Economy. 4. The Political Economy of American Hegemony: 1938-1973. 5. Globalization and the World Economy. 6. Cooperation among Advanced Industrial States. 7. Competition and Conflict among Advanced Industrial States. 8. Rich and Poor States in the World Economy. 9. Strategies of Southern Trade and Development. 10. Foreign Aid and Third World Development. 11. Multinational Corporations in the Third World. 12. Third World Debt and North-South Finance. 13. Hunger, Population, and Sustainable Development. 14. Charting the Future: Questions and Controversies. Glossary. Acronyms. Links to IPE Websites. Index.


A smart education system uses emerging technologies and generates a vast amount of heterogeneous data in the learning environment. The conventional methods presently used by the educational administrators for decision-making are minimal and take more time to generate the results. The educational administrators could not be able to predict the results quickly and advance for better decision-making. Today, artificial intelligence approaches are widely used in educational systems for automating educational processes. These approaches achieve a better, efficient, and effective modern education system. Integrating machine learning deep learning techniques with a smart education system can automatically analyze the generated data for better decision-making and provide recommendations to students and educational administrators. This chapter aims to introduce a machine learning model to predict the outcomes in a smart education system.


In the article history o f origin o f term «10 Stalin shots» is given. The comparative analysis o f interpretation o f the «Third blow » and «Crimean offensive operation» is carried out. The reasons o f primary popularity o f term the «Third blow», its oblivion and revival, are examined. The dynamics o f the struggle for the liberation o f the peninsula, both from the Kerch Peninsula and from the ChongaroPerekop direction, is shown. The principal gaps in the actions o f the troops in these areas have been revealed. The interrelation o f the Crimean offensive operation and Krivoy R og-N ikopol is shown. The reasons for the passive participation at this stage o f the Black Sea Fleet ships are analyzed. The analysis o f the actions o f the German-Romanian command to evacuate troops from the Crimea in 1944 was carried out. The effect o f the delay in conducting an offensive operation on the state o f the partisan m ovem ent on the peninsula is shown. Ключевые слова: 10 сталинских ударов, война, Крым, Керчь, Перекоп, армия, фронт, партизаны.


9065 Background: Ipilimumab was the first agent approved for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma that showed an overall survival benefit in randomised phase III trials. Early clinical studies explored the potential relationship between immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with ipilimumab and antitumor activity but no definitive conclusion has been reached. Here, we evaluated the possible correlation between efficacy of ipilimumab treatment and irAEs in patients (pts) enrolled in the EAP in Italy. Methods: Ipilimumab was available upon physician request for pts aged ≥16 years with unresectable stage III/stage IV melanoma who had either failed systemic therapy or were intolerant to ≥1 systemic treatment and for whom no other therapeutic option was available. Ipilimumab 3 mg/kg was administered intravenously every 3 weeks for 4 doses. Tumour assessments were conducted at baseline and after completion of induction therapy using immune-related response criteria. Pts were monitored ...


The utility model relates to a gearbox separating drive component of an electronic insulin syringe, which comprises a permanent magnetic step motor, a gear reduction box, an output screw stem and a control unit, wherein a reduction gear group is arranged in the gear reduction box, the input end of the reduction gear group of the gear reduction box is connected with the permanent magnetic step motor in a transmission way, the output end of the reduction gear group is connected with the output screw stem in a transmission way, and the control unit is connected with the permanent magnetic step motor in a control way. The gearbox separating drive component of the electronic insulin syringe has a simple structure and a small volume, is easy to use and operate, and adopts the permanent magnetic step motor to drive the gear reduction box, the transmission ratio is large, the slow speed of revolution and high torque output are realized, the reliability is high, an optoelectronic switch is used for detecting the rotation angle of an optoelectronic induction plate, the control unit controls the permanent magnetic step motor to work, so the micro-injection requirements of high pushing forcing and high dose precision on the electronic insulin syringe are realized; and the drive component is reliably assembled with the electronic insulin syringe, so the gearbox separating drive component of the electronic insulin syringe is convenient to operate.


Functional polyethylenes possess valuable bulk and surface properties, but the limits of current synthetic methods narrow the range of accessible materials and prevent many envisioned applications. Instead, these materials are often used in composite films that are challenging to recycle. We report a Cu-catalyzed amination of polyethylenes to form mono- and bifunctional materials containing a series of polar groups and substituents. Designed catalysts with hydrophobic moieties enable the amination of linear and branched polyethylenes without chain scission or cross-linking, leading to polyethylenes with otherwise inaccessible combinations of functional groups and architectures. The resulting materials possess tunable bulk and surface properties, including toughness, adhesion to metal, paintability, and water solubility, which could unlock applications for functional polyethylenes and reduce the need for complex composites. Description Editor's summary Different plastics are often used in combination with each other and multiple additives to achieve desired performance properties, and this approach can complicate efforts to recycle or reprocess constituents of the mixture. Ciccia et al. report that a simple chemical modification to the backbone of polyethylene, the most common plastic, can also tune a wide variety of characteristics. Copper catalysis oxidatively replaces about 1 to 2% of the carbon–hydrogen bonds with nitrogen substituents, which in turn confer varying toughness, adhesion, and solubility properties. A hydrophobic ligand avoids competing chain scission pathways that plagued prior analogous approaches. —Jake S. Yeston Copper-catalyzed amination of polyethylene confers tunably versatile bulk and surface properties of the common plastic.


For attaining a higher fueling efficiency in JT-60U centrifugal pellet injection experiments, guide tubes for a magnetic high-field side (HFS) injection were developed. The guide tube for HFS (top) injection is about l5 m in length, 5 mm in inner diameter and 600 mm in the smallest curvature radius, and has been connected to the upper port of the vacuum vessel. The speed exceeding 220 m/s led to pellet destruction in the guide tube, while the injected pellet mass estimated from the increase of plasma density reached about 80 Vo of that from low-field side (LFS) injection. A simple impact model was applied to explain the above result. The perpendicular pellet velocity limit on the wall inside the tube was estimated to be 20 m/s indicating that less than 100 m/s pellets can pass through the guide tube even with a minimum curvature of 200 mm. Based on this estimation, a new guide tube for HFS (mid) injection was designed and installed in March, 2001. Pellets with 100 m/s were successfully injected to the plasma through the HFS(mid) guide tube.


Nanocarbon aggregate including a graphite aggregate and a nanohorn consisting graphene sheet having a petal shape. Graphite aggregate petal shape is locally metal edge of the petal-shaped, to adsorb the metal complex and oxides, to achieve a fine particle size and high dispersion. Nanocarbon aggregate is used for the catalyst-carrying.


This paper investigates the link between natives' residential context, perception of immigration levels and attitudes towards immigrants. We use British Election Study to extract individual level m ...


Metal matrix composites are formed by combination of two or more materials having dissimilar characteristics. Among MMCs large interest is being given to improve aluminium based MMCs and to develop high temperature ceramics. The present paper review, discusses the processing and properties of Al7075 reinforced with (WC-Co) cermets particulates. The (WC-Co) cermets are usually prepared at high temperature, The present work demonstrate powerful and simple process- using high energy milling for WC-Co base cermets. Cermets like WC-Co (Tungsten carbide and Cobalt) have been widely used and studied because of their good corrosion resistance and unique combination of high hardness and toughness, which results from the mixture of brittle (hard) and ductile(soft) phase. Tungsten carbide has been well known for its exceptional hardness and wear resistance.


Objective To investigate the efficient method of mouth care for patients undergoing oral trachea cannula.Methods The patients were assigned randomly into two groups:60 patients as an experimental group(oral cavity cleaned by cotton ball soaked with NS and Silver Health) and 60 patients as the control group(with conventional oral care).The complications(cacostomia,oral cavity inflammation,dental ulcer and pulmonary infection) were observed respectively.Results The occurrence rate of complication in the experiment group showed lower than that of the control group.The difference between the two groups showed statistic significance(P0.05).Conclusion The method of cleaning oral cavity by cotton ball soaked with NS,and Silver Health showed effective for the patients with oral trachea cannula.


Portable device is powered by the battery. To use portable devices longer time without replacing the battery, you should maximize the lifetime of the battery. If you use efficient DC-DC converter, You can maximize the lifetime of the battery.


We compare formative and reflective measurement models in the context of
structural equation models (SEM). The formative model is expressed as part of the
structural regression equation. The identification status of the models is different,
although they differ only in the direction of some arrows. It is shown, that the
reflective model permits the identification of more parameters and requires less
restrictions. Formative measurement models are recommended only under a strict
theoretical necessity.


The bis(dansylated) polyoxometalate (nBu4N)4[γ-SiW10O36{(Me2N)C10H6SO2NH(CH2)3Si}2O] has been investigated to establish the impact of the inorganic polyanionic domain on the photophysical behaviour of the appended dansyl chromophore. The interactions of this molecular hybrid with Lewis acids (lanthanide cations) and with an aromatic cationic molecule (N,N′-2,7-didecyldiazapyrenium) have also been monitored by multiple techniques, including spectrofluorimetry, Z-potential, 1H NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy. The different spectral behaviour, coupled with the morphological evolution of the resulting nanostructures, highlights the capability of the hybrid polyoxometalate to interact, acting as a ditopic receptor, with different chemical substrates.


The purpose of this study was to assess the use rate of health screening and t 0 identify factors associated with the users satisfaction of health screening programs. The study was also to develop health education interventions or services, e specially for people who are m need. The study examined: 1) the relationships between the users satisfaction of health screening and socio-demographic factors, 2) the relationships between the level of satisfaction of health screening and the types of programs or services of health screening; and 3) and main factors associated with the users satisfaction of health screening services. 'Findings showed that 1) the high proportion of people received the health screening services and satisfied with health screening services; and 2) age, sex, education, the reasons receiving health screening services, distance and travel time to the climes or health centers proving health screening services and result of health screening were identified to predict the users satisfaction of health screening programs. People with short distance to health clinics and under the age of 40 we re more likely to be satisfied with the services. In addition people receiving enough information from doctors were more likely to be satisfied with the services. Information on the relationships between satisfaction and demographic variables, accessibility to clinics, and doctors advice or information may be used both to un derstand screening satisfaction and to develop targeted strategies to Improve services or programs of health screening.


This paper presents a laboratory study that assesses the diffusive and sorptive parameters of three volatile organic compounds (benzene, ethylbenzene and trichloroethylene) though cured, monolithic...


Abstract The impacts of urban-enhanced aerosol concentrations on convective storm development and precipitation over and downwind of St. Louis, Missouri, are investigated. This is achieved through the use of a cloud-resolving mesoscale model, in which sophisticated land use processes and aerosol microphysics are both incorporated. The results indicate that urban-forced convergence downwind of the city, rather than the presence of greater aerosol concentrations, determines whether storms actually develop in the downwind region. Once convection is initiated, urban-enhanced aerosols can exert a significant effect on the dynamics, microphysics, and precipitation produced by these storms. The model results indicate, however, that the response to urban-enhanced aerosol depends on the background concentrations of aerosols; a weaker response occurs with increasing background aerosol concentrations. The effects of aerosols influence the rate and amount of liquid water and ice produced within these storms, the accu...


In the article the authors address the establishment of the psychologically relevant content of the basic value svoboda ("freedom") and the definition of its possible dynamics. It is commonly believed that basic ethnic values have remained stable for several generations. However, based on the study conducted by the authors, one can speak about the dynamics of the basic value svoboda ("freedom"). The authors use a free Associative Experiment as the main research method. The free Associative Experiment was conducted with 540 Russian native speakers at the age of 17 to 23 years. 225 reactions were selected out of the total number of reactions by random sampling and were analyzed. It was established that the conceptual core of the basic value svoboda ("freedom") remains almost unchanged. However, emotionally evaluative associates reveal a drastic change in the connotation of the word, which indicates a change in the attitude to the basic value svoboda ("freedom"). Keywords—freedom; basic values; dynamics of basic values; free Associative Experiment; stimulus; reaction; psychologically relevant content; model of the associative meaning; core;


Silicon diffusion in major mantle minerals plays an important role in understanding a number of physical and chemical processes in the Earth's interior. Inspection of existing experimental data reveals linear compensation law between the preexponential factors and the activation energies for Si diffusion in various minerals by focusing on those of geophysical interest. On the basis of the observed compensation relationship, here we propose a thermodynamic model, the so‐called cBΩ model that interconnects point defect parameters with the bulk properties to reproduce the Si self‐diffusion coefficients in different rock‐forming minerals. When the uncertainties are considered, the predicted results show that the temperature and pressure dependences of self‐diffusion coefficients concur with existing experimental data and theoretical calculations in most cases.


Based on traditional development way from normal PCB to HDI,the traditional plating can not meet demand of blind via plating.By improve the equipment and change settings and tests,this paper analyzed the theory,process,effect of using vertical plating to produce HDI board.Finally it raised suggestions.


Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of intelligent sensors that communicate and coordinate in an energy constrained environment. Due to the limited energy supply of the sensors, lifetime problems arise in static WSN. One of the potential solutions to this problem is a mobility-assisted WSN. Mobility can be introduced by adding extra entities like mobile sinks, mobile cluster-head or mobile relays (MRs) to the existing static WSN. The entities can significantly improve the functionality and performance of the WSN by making it flexible to failures, ease data collection, increase energy efficiency, enhance connectivity, improve coverage and prolong network lifetime. The need of today's applications demands mobility-assisted WSN instead of the traditional static WSN. In this paper, we control the movement of MRs to maximize network lifetime. A distributed algorithm for controlling the movement of MRs is given and its performance is validated for the network parameters such as network lifetime and average residual energy. The proposed method shows that lifetime can be improved compared to that of a static network.


Bullying is an event that is so worrying because it occurs in educational institutions such as Islamic boarding schools. The background to the occurrence of bullying is due to the different characters of the students, their age or level of education, and the culture of their family origin. With these various differences in the background, life in Islamic boarding schools is full of diversity, but problems can also arise, one of which is bullying. The location of this research is at the Padang Sidempuan Islamic Boarding School, namely Al Ansor Padangsidempuan Islamic Boarding School and Darul Ikhlas H. Abdul Manap Siregar Padang Sidempuan Islamic Boarding School. This study aims to find out how bullying occurs in Islamic boarding schools in Padang Sidempuan City and how to deal with it. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and documentation. Data analysis is used with qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study show that the forms of bullying that occur are physical bullying, verbal bullying, psychological bullying, and social bullying. To deal with bullying that occurs in Islamic boarding schools, those schools carry out two actions: first, preventive action, which consists of Islamic boarding school religious activities; and second, repressive action, which means that if there is a complaint of bullying, the person concerned will be called to the BK room and processed. If proven guilty, sanctions will be given according to what was violated. The sanctions given are in accordance with what was agreed upon at the beginning of entering the hut. Starting from physical sanctions, summoning parents, even expulsion from the hut. So far, the two Islamic boarding schools have never reached the realm of the law (court). Most are resolved amicably or according to the rules that apply in Islamic boarding schools.


Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shorterm effect of rhEGF for local treatment of ROU and erosive OLP.Methods 70 patients of ROU and 30 ones of erosive OLP were included in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups.The rhEGF was administered locally to the test group.The control group was administered with the"Ulcer Paste".Clinical examination evaluated the following symptoms and signs:pain,congestion and diameter of lesion.Results Pain was lessened and the diameter was decreased compared with the control group,which had statistical significance.The total effective rate was 100% of the rhEGF group and 42% of the control group.No side effect was noted except that one patient of the rhEGF group and 3 patients of the control group complained smarting pain locally.Conclusion The results indicate that rhEGF has good shortterm effect for the treatment of ROU and erosive OLP.


Investment in soldier production in eusocial lineages involves a trade‐off between maintenance costs and defense benefits. Termites are eusocial insects that live in colonies organized into three castes: primary reproductives, soldiers, and workers or pseudergates. Neotermes chilensis (Blanchard) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) is a one‐piece nesting termite that nests and forages in a single piece of wood. Two scenarios may be of importance in a defense context of one‐piece nesting termites: during swarms, when colonies may be invaded by winged termites (alates) in search of a place to found a new colony, and when colonies of conspecifics are present within the same substrate. It was hypothesized that the ratio of soldiers to non‐soldiers would be higher at the onset of the swarming period and in substrates bearing more than one termite colony. A method based on X‐ray computed tomography (CT) was developed to study gallery connectivity in colonies of N. chilensis and caste composition within colonies. Computed tomography allowed the digital reconstruction of the galleries within the substrate, even when they belonged to different colonies, and was effective in distinguishing termites from substrate, and soldiers from reproductives and pseudergates. Using CT, the ratio of soldiers to non‐soldiers was shown to be highest in colonies within multicolonial scapes (i.e., neighboring colonies were present in the same substrate) during the swarming season, thus supporting our initial hypotheses. These results constitute a unique example of induced defenses arising from intraspecific interactions in termites.


Purpose – The purpose of this contribution is to motivate a new, rapid approach to modeling knowledge work in organizational settings and to introduce a software tool that demonstrates the viability of the envisioned concept.Design/methodology/approach – Based on existing modeling structures, the KnowFlow toolset that aids knowledge analysts in rapidly conducting interviews and in conducting multi‐perspective analysis of organizational knowledge work is introduced.Findings – This article demonstrates how rapid knowledge work visualization can be conducted largely without human modelers by developing an interview structure that allows for self‐service interviews. Two application scenarios illustrate the pressing need for and the potentials of rapid knowledge work visualizations in organizational settings.Research limitations/implications – The efforts necessary for traditional modeling approaches in the area of knowledge management are often prohibitive. This contribution argues that future research needs ...


This chapter contains sections titled: Defender of the Crown, Later Cinemaware Games, Psygnosis, Menace, Stage 1: The Scrolling Background, Stage 2: The Scrolling Foreground, Stage 3: The Status Panel, Stage 4: The Player's Ship, Stage 5: Enemies, Stage 6: Collision Detection, Stage 7: Weapons, Menace: A Summing Up, The Legacy of Psygnosis


As evidence about the effects of fatigue grows, Paul Greig and Rosamund Snow argue that approaches from other industries where safety is critical should be translated into medical culture


We use Monte Carlo simulations of a two-dimensional XY model in a magnetic field to study a self-consistent mean-field theory for the three-dimensional anisotropic XY model. The relation between the critical temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ and the interplane coupling ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$ is determined. The magnetization exponent \ensuremath{\beta} is discussed and results for the specific heat ${\mathit{c}}_{\mathit{v}}$ are presented.