A method is presented for tabulating the components of error that each test and control parameter contributes to the overall uncertainty of a secondary refrigerant type compressor calorimeter. The contributing components are combined by a root-sum-square procedure to yield the overall uncertainty of the test results. Each component of error includes both the uncertainty of each measurement or control parameter and the sensitivity of the test compressor to that parameter. INTRODUCTION Instrumentation and test methods are rapidly changing today due to the influx of new higher precision and accurate instrumentation. The costs, performance and adaptability vary widely and to choose the highest performance and most flexible instrumentation system proves to be very expensive. Even then, occasionally the results are disappointing. Reviewed here is a method of tabulating the components of measurement uncertainty and combining the components into an estimate of the overall test result uncertainty. Some components are found to be very small and relatively inexpensive instruments can be used. To the other extreme, special in-house instruments may have to be developed for large components in order to meet an overall accuracy goal. The overall measurement uncertainty needed to establish a goal are determined with product and test engineers according to their needs, The product engineer needs test results that are indicative of his product only. What he gets from a test result is the product variability plus contamination due to instrumentation uncertainty and technician error. To filter out the contamination as well as understand the product variability, several samples are tested and classical statistical analysis is done. Testing of large sample sizes can be an expensive way of filtering out instrument errors. Therefore, the overall cost of testing depends on the trade off made between the cost of testing numbers of pro263 duct to establish a certain confidence in the Distribution of Per~ormanee RP.sults Due to Pronuct Varibility Alone. Actual Pronuet Test Results Inoluning Proruot Variability Plus InstrumP.nt Uncertainty. result versus the cost of the instrumentation system that minimizes the desired uncertainty in the test method. ACCURACY AND PRECISION With every measurement there is a variability or uncertainty, This is due to inherit inaccuracies and everpresent lack of precision to some degree. Inaccuracies appear as systematic or fixed errors yielding fesults containing a bias, Common sources of inaccuracy are insufficient traceable calibration source or procedure, inaccuracy in instrumentation when operating off calibration points, and inherit loading one instrument will induce in a second. For example, a volt meter used to monitor power to a compressor requires power that an upstream watt meter measures in addition to the compressor power yielding a wattage result biased high. (1) Correction factors can be used to minimize errors of this type but extreme care must be exercised to ensure that random errors don't creep into the correction factor. Random errors can be removed with digital filtering (2). Precision is a term used to characterize random errors and can be quantified by the use of the standard deviation statistic. (3) Contributions to the deviation occur due to changes with time (day-to-day), space (variations due to location of transducers and instruments), instrumentation (one from another similar instrument) as well as operator inconsistencies. (4) The following analysis applies to the manipulation of random errors and assumes that bias errors are accounted for by other means. GENERAL FORMULATIONS A root-sum-square formulation is used to combine the measure of each parameter uncertainty, sensitivity of the test result to each parameter and the effects of all parameters on the overall result. (5,6) Or explicitly for the example in Table I: The partial derivatives are the slopes of sensitivities of We to the individual measured parameters (see Appendix B). 6X1 is the uncertainty interval for each measured parameter (see Appendix C). The above formulation can be set up in table form that permits ease of calculation and presents an overall picture of how each measurement or control parameter affects the uncertainty in the overall result. ERROR ANALYSIS OF CALORIMETER The performance testing of a compressor on a secondary refrigerant calorimeter requires making two primary measurements -the wattage to a heater indicating cooling capacity or pumping rate and the wattage draw of the motor. (7) The calorimeter heater watt-hour measurement, We• is a function of many parameters depending * See Appendix A for definition of symbols used. 264 on the particular design and construction of the calorimeter. We = g (Tl• Ps• Ts, Tp• Tr• Ti, Pd, M) Table I shows a listing of the above parameters, the value used (in this case the test point industry frequently uses for R-12, low back pressure compressors), the sensitivity the calorimeter heater has to the parameter, the precision in which the parameter can be controlled (independent parameters) or measured (dependent parameters), and the square of the product of the sensitivity and precision. The numerical values used are not for any specific compressor or instrumentation and are presented here for illustrative purposes only. In this particular illustrative example, the watthour meter is the greatest contributor to the error of the calorimeter heater measurement followed by the discharge pressure. Thus, for this calorimeter greater precision in the watt-hour measurement and better control and measurement of the discharge pressure yields the greatest improvement in system uncertainty. The compressor motor watt-hour measurement, wm. can be expressed as: Table II shows a listing similar to table I, Again, the numerical values are for illustrative purposes only. The example indicates that the watt-hour meter is the prime contributor to system uncertainty followed by the voltage regulation and the discharge pressure control. EER UNCERTAINTY The Energy Efficiency Ratio uncertainty can be established as follows: by definition. Using the chain rule of differentiation the uncertainty is:-


We evaluated effective time constants of random telegraph noise (RTN) with various operation timings of in-pixel source follower transistors statistically, and discuss the dependency of RTN time constants on the duty ratio (on/off ratio) of MOSFET which is controlled by the gate to source voltage (VGS). Under a general readout operation of CMOS image sensor (CIS), the row selected pixel-source followers (SFs) turn on and not selected pixel-SFs operate at different bias conditions depending on the select switch position; when select switch locate in between the SF driver and column output line, SF drivers nearly turn off. The duty ratio and cyclic period of selected time of SF driver depends on the operation timing determined by the column read out sequence. By changing the duty ratio from 1 to 7.6 x 10-3, time constant ratio of RTN (time to capture <τc<)/(time to emission <τe<) of a part of MOSFETs increased while RTN amplitudes were almost the same regardless of the duty ratio. In these MOSFETs, <τc< increased and the majority of <τe< decreased and the minority of <τe< increased by decreasing the duty ratio. The same tendencies of behaviors of <τc< and <τe< were obtained when VGS was decreased. This indicates that the effective <τc< and <τe< converge to those under off state as duty ratio decreases. These results are important for the noise reduction, detection and analysis of in pixel-SF with RTN.


A 49-year-old man presented to the emergency department with respiratory distress and extreme abdominal distension, with a history of chronic constipation. His chest auscultation was normal and the patient experienced drowsiness and showed signs of respiratory fatigue. He experienced severe disturbances in blood gas tensions (pH 7.28, PaO2 65 mm Hg, PaCO2 76 mm Hg); …


In this paper, the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the 13 Southern Hemisphere genera of Simuliidae is proposed, through a cladistic approach. In order to investigate the position of those genera representatives of five Northern Hemisphere genera were also included in the analyses as outgroups. The study was based on a data matrix with 33 terminal taxa and 119 morphological characters of adult, pupa and larva. The phylogenetic analysis under equal weights resulted in four most parsimonious trees, with similar topologies and 349 steps (CI = 49; RI = 68). The analyses showed that all Southern Hemisphere genera of Simuliidae are closer to Simuliini than to Prosimuliini. According to our analyses, Araucnephia Wygodzinsky & Coscaron and Paracnephia Rubtsov are polyphyletic, and Gigantodax Enderlein and Crozetia Davies are monophyletic. It is possible also to recognize the following groups (A. iberaensis Coscaron & Coscaron-Arias + Lutzsimulium s.l. d'Andretta & d'Andretta); ((Simulium Latreille + Metacnephia Crosskey) (Cnesiamima Wygodzinsky & Coscaron (Paraustrosimulium Wygodzinsky & Coscaron + Austrosimulium Tonnoir))); and ((Paracnephia of Australia + Cnesia Enderlein) (Pedrowygomyia Coscaron & Miranda-Esquivel + Gigantodax Enderlein)).


Over the past 2 decades, use of noninvasive cardiovascular imaging has increased dramatically. This article provides a brief synopsis of the current state of several technologies—echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and cardiac computed tomography—as well as a glimpse at future possibilities in cardiac imaging.


This work proposes the quantum-state-based mapping (QSM) for machine learning. QSM uses wave functions that describe microscopic particle systems as mappings. By QSM, original inputs or features extracted by neural networks are processed as quantum states to train wave function parameters. QSM has a low computational cost, almost no additional parameters, and is easy to integrate with other modules. We demonstrate the simplest form of the wave function as a mapping, that is, when a one-dimensional particle is in an infinitely deep potential well, in combination with advanced attention modules. Experiments show that QSM significantly improves the feature recalibration ability of attention module in transfer learning tasks. Then, we tried to analyze the effectiveness of QSM. This work indicates that QSM has an important application value in interdisciplinary machine learning.


In the community develops,the library service is that the library was involved into the society.It can not only build a good culture, but also foundary and the developmwnt community service essential action. The community library is an important part of the community culture. It will cause a deeply effection in enriching habitant extr - curricular culturelife, cultural quality and so on.


To investigate the effects of the elevated serum levels of homocysteine(Hcy),hypersensitive C-reaction protein(hs-CRP) on the formation of vascular sclerosis and the risk correlation between cardiocerebral vascular events and these two markers,the serum levels of Hcy and hs-CRP in 115 patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS),stroke(ST) and cerebral infarction(CI),and 62 healthy controls were detected by chemiluminescence and immunoturdimetry.The results showed that the serum levels of Hcy and hs-CRP in the three-group patients with ACS,ST and CI were significantly higher than those of the control group(P0.01).There was a positive correlation between the elevated two markers and cardiacerebral events(P0.05).The elevated levels of Hcy and hs-CRP in serum are risky factors of cardiocerebral events and closely related to the genesis and development of them.The combined detection of serum Hcy and hs-CRP levels might have important clinical value in the prediction,therapy and prevention of cardiocerebral events.


Java has multiple inheritance of interfaces, but only single inheritance of code. This situation leads to code being duplicated in Java library classes and applications. We describe a generalization of a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to support multiple inheritance of code. Our approach places code in interfaces, without requiring language syntax changes or compiler modifications. In our extended JVM, we use interfaces to represent either new types of interfaces with code or traditional interfaces in Java. We define and implement a super call mechanism resembling the one in C++, in which the programmer can specify an inheritance path to the desired superinterface implementation. We introduce a simple notation for super calls to interfaces. Furthermore, we develop scripts that allow a programmer to use multiple code inheritance with existing Java compilers. We have modified a JVM to support multiple code inheritance. Our implementation does not affect the running time or the semantics of standard single inheritance Java programs and executes correctly programs that use multiple


This work proposes the design of a Holter long-term monitoring system, which will be used in epileptic patient diagnostics. With this Holter the patients will have more freedom and they will be able to continue their normal daily life. The system can be used to obtain the electroencephalographic signal (EEG) in real conditions, and allows the acquisition and storing of the EEG in digital form. The Holter designed has three principal parts: sixteen acquisition channels, a 68HC11 microcontroller and a 105 Mbytes hard disk drive.


Integral Transport methods were used to calculate the x-ray intensity in a NOVA hohlraum. Two cases were examined: the nominal case in which all five lasers strike either side of the hohlraum and the abnormal case for which five lasers strike the right side but only four strike the left. As expected, the uniform case produces a fairly uniform illumination over the capsule, whereas the abnormal case is highly non-uniform.


A specimen of the Beer ‶freestone″ was exhibited at the meeting on 19th December, and attracted general attention. Its texture was compact; it would evidently be very easily chiselled; and its colour was perfectly white. Several Fellows thought it excelled in beauty and quality the Caen stone so largely used in Edinburgh for internal masonry, and the Secretary was directed to request Mr Linford to give further particulars regarding its industrial cost and value. Mr Linford reported that the price of the stone at the quarry is 10d. to 1s. per cubic foot, and that the supply is unlimited. The expense of transit, however, of the stone is considerable, there being no quay at Beer (one mile and a quarter from the quarries), although one could easily be constructed at Beerhead; and the nearest railway station being two miles from the quarries at Seaton, on the London and South-Western Railway. The most eligible mode of transit at present for shipment of the stone would be to place it on the railway at Seaton, convey it to Exeter, and thence by the same railway company, and without removal from the trucks take it to Exmouth Docks for shipment. The probable cost of the stone and delivery at Leith would be— Cost of stone at quarry, 10d. to 1s. per foot, say = 16s. per ton. ‶Hauling″ from Beer to Seaton, 4½d. per foot, = 6s. ,, Rail, Seaton to Exmouth Docks, . . . 4s. ,, Freight, Exmouth to Leith, . . . . 8s. ,, Extras, . . . . . . . . 1s. ,, Cost per ton . . . 35s. = 2s. 2¼d. per foot. The stone is being largely used at present in the restoration of Exeter Cathedral under Sir Gilbert Scott, principally in the interior masonry. It is said to be good for external work if not exposed to the effect of the weather vertically; hence it is used for windows, doorways, &c., but not for coping, buttress slopes, sills, &c. The quarries form part of the ‶Rolle Estate,″ the property of the late Lord Rolle, and are now owned by his lordship's trustees, whose agent is Mr R. H. Lipscombe of Budleigh Salterton. The tenant of the quarries is Mr Tucker of Colyton. Mr Linford acknowledged the kind and ready assistance he had received from the two latter gentlemen in preparing his report, as also his indebtedness for much information to Mr E. L. Luscombe, who is carrying out the restoration of the stone-work at the Exeter Cathedral under Sir Gilbert Scott.


Background: Improved glycemic control reduces complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it is discussed controversially whether patients with diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease benefit from strict glycemic control. Methods: We followed 78 patients with DM initiating dialysis treatment of the region of Vorarlberg in a prospective cohort study applying a time-dependent Cox regression analysis using all measured laboratory values for up to more than seven years. This resulted in 880 HbA1c measurements (with one measurement every 3.16 patient months on average) during the entire observation period. Non-linear P-splines were used to allow flexible modeling of the association with mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Results: We observed a decreased mortality risk with increasing HbA1c values (HR = 0.72 per 1% increase, p = 0.024). Adjustment for age and sex and additional adjustment for other CVD risk factors only slightly attenuated the association (HR = 0.71, p = 0.044). A non-linear P-spline showed that the association did not follow a fully linear pattern with a highly significant non-linear component (p = 0.001) with an increased risk of all-cause mortality for HbA1c values up to 6–7%. Causes of death were associated with HbA1c values. The risk for CVD events, however, increased with increasing HbA1c values (HR = 1.24 per 1% increase, p = 0.048) but vanished after extended adjustments. Conclusions: This study considered the entire information collected on HbA1c over a period of more than seven years. Besides the methodological advantages our data indicate a significant inverse association between HbA1c levels and allcause mortality. However, for CVD events no significant association could be found. Citation: Sturm G, Lamina C, Zitt E, Lhotta K, Haider F, et al. (2011) Association of HbA1c Values with Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Dialysis Patients. The INVOR Study and Review of the Literature. PLoS ONE 6(5): e20093. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020093 Editor: Christian Herder, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Germany Received January 27, 2011; Accepted April 12, 2011; Published May 18, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Sturm et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was supported by a grant from Hans Drexel to the Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT) and by a grant from the Austrian Heart Fund to Florian Kronenberg. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Power-saving is a major aspect of mobile network research. MAC level power-saving schemes can be classified into two categories. One is power management, which maximises the number of stations that can be put into sleep node. The other is power control, which minimises the transmission power by controlling the transmitting range. In this paper, the proposed algorithm combines and balances both of these schemes to get maximal power conservation. Using power consumption figures measured and reported by other researchers, a simulation of three algorithms has been set up and results are presented.


ABSTRACT During high-speed running, lower limb vertical velocity at touchdown has been cited as a critical factor needed to generate large vertical forces. Additionally, greater leg angular velocity has also been correlated with increased running speeds. However, the association between these factors has not been comprehensively investigated across faster running speeds. Therefore, this investigation aimed to evaluate the relationship between running speed, thigh angular motion and vertical force determinants. It was hypothesized that thigh angular velocity would demonstrate a positive linear relationship with both running speed and lower limb vertical velocity at touchdown. A total of 40 subjects (20 males, 20 females) from various athletic backgrounds volunteered and completed 40 m running trials across a range of sub-maximal and maximal running speeds during one test session. Linear and angular kinematic data were collected from 31–39 m. The results supported the hypotheses, as across all subjects and trials (range of speeds: 3.1–10.0 m s−1), measures of thigh angular velocity demonstrated a strong positive linear correlation to speed (all R2>0.70, P<0.0001) and lower limb vertical velocity at touchdown (all R2=0.75, P<0.001). These findings suggest thigh angular velocity is strongly related to running speed and lower limb impact kinematics associated with vertical force application. Summary: This investigation examined running speed, thigh motion and vertical force determinants. Results suggest thigh angular velocity is strongly correlated to speed and the lower limb impact kinematics underlying force application.


The utility model relates to baby heart-beating and breath monitoring and alarming device used in a cradle which comprises a sensor, information detection amplifying circuits, computer microprocessor circuits and alarming circuits. The sensor comprises piezoelectric ceramic slices which are arranged in the central part of a lying board of the cradle. Because the utility model applies sensing technology to the cradle and the sensor is arranged on the lying board of the cradle to monitor heart-beating or breathing of babies, when heart-beating or breathing of the babies stops, the sensor can send out alarming sounds timely through computers in order that parents or nursing personnel can timely adopt nursing or first-aid measures, which assures that the babies can grow up healthily.


Weeding operation mainly done by woman. Millions of farm women engaged in these activities are without any mechanical advantageous tools. They experience drudgery; output is low, more time at task, physical strain and suffers from occupational problems. To enhance participation in mechanization especially women workers, ergonomic design considerations have to be incorporated in tools and equipment. As we know that anthropometry of women is different from that of men so, there is a need to modify the existing tools and to make them women friendly. If the tool geometry is evaluated based on the bio-mechanical analysis of women worker, the fatigue caused could be reduced and tool efficiency can be improved. This paper aims to present a review of different women friendly weeder developed by researchers. Anthropometric data and strength data is very important in design of wedeer for women.


Raman scattering is observed in MgO microcrystals with three different particle sizes (105, 103, and 102 A). The second‐order Raman lines in the bulk crystals of MgO disappear in all the microcrystals, while new peaks emerge at 280, 446, and 1088 cm−1 except for specimen prepared by grinding a large single crystal. Raman lines with lower frequencies, which are enhanced with decrease of the particle size, are discussed as due to the first‐order Raman scattering forbidden in the bulk crystals. The assignment is confirmed in terms of photon density of states in microcrystals. Another line with the highest frequency is coincident with a previously reported Raman line whose origin has been attributed to a surface phonon mode.


The global research stems from the relevance of the global economic crisis. The research has several objectives: 1) to test the degree of effectiveness of the insolvency prediction models, most widely used in the literature, including recent works (Jackson and Wood, 2013), with reference to Italian manufacturing companies; 2) to modify the insolvency prediction models selected with the aim of identifying a company insolvency "alert model" which can be used by the various stakeholders; 3) to compare the effectiveness of the re-estimated models visà-vis the original ones. The following models were used, selected according to their diffusion and the statistical technique used: 1) Discriminant analysis: Altman (1983), Taffler (1983); 2) Logit Analysis: Ohlson (1980). The study was carried out on a population of Italian companies (27,982 non-failed and 478 failed) with financial statements available for the years 2007-2012. It emerged that, the overall error of the original models, using the original cut-off points, is significant. The error is reduced for cut-off points different from those identified by the original authors. Furthermore, the new re-estimated models have an improved or identical effectiveness vis-à-vis the original models. In particular, the Ohlson re-estimated model is the one that improves most compared to the original model; however, the effectiveness of the Ohlson re-estimated model is lower than the Altman re-estimated model.


Interpolymer interactions between acrylamide-vinyl alcohol graft copolymer with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and non-ionic homopolymers, e.g. poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), have been studied. Some blends of binary homopolymer complexes having the same proportion of interacting units as in copolymer complex have been prepared. Simple binary complexes of PEI have also been prepared with individual non-ionic homopolymers, e.g. poly(acrylamide) (PAAm), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The stability constant (K), degree of linkage (0) and related thermodynamic parameters, e.g. standard free energy change (ΔG ⊖ ), standard enthalpy change (ΔH ⊖ ) and standard entropy change (ΔS ⊖ ) have been compared for the above three types of complexation systems using Osada's method. The comparative study indicated considerable differences in the values of the parameters, which have been interpreted on the basis of copolymer structure, presence of neighbouring comonomer units and other non-ionic homopolymers.


The present article analyzes the formative and innovative experience developed in the first academic period of 2016, in the subject PA-209 Educative technologic II, presential model, section 1400, from the career of Pedagogy and Educational sciences. In the University National Autonomous from Honduras campus of University city. (UNAH-CU). This analyze could be from the teacher view, and is propitiate by trees fields, and teaching strategies, living and visions than comprehension and to transform academics practices. To be the critical observer of this formative practice, it allows me to penetrate into the intrinsic motivations that promoted the changes, as well as to investigate on which they were the significant learnings that the students acquired in the subject of Educational Technology II. I conclude with the learned lessons, challenges and challenges for facing from the pedagogic knowledge, disciplining and technologically with which the educational labor is constructed in the top level.


This paper proposes new switch architectures for hierarchical optical path cross-connect (HOXC) systems. The architectures allow incremental expansion of system scale in terms of the number of input/output fiber ports, wavebands, and optical paths per waveband. These feature assure the cost-effective introduction of the HOXCs even at the outset when traffic volume is not so large. Furthermore the effectiveness of the proposed switch architectures is demonstrated in a comparison with single-layer OXCs (conventional OXCs). The results provide useful criteria for the introduction of HOXCs.


This paper reports ongoing research analysing the kinds of educational innovation that Sevillian primary and secondary schools are creating to give an answer to the question of diversity. The overall aim of the study is to collaborate with schools to cope with change through the identification, description, comprehension and analysis of innovations directly linked to inclusive education. To achieve this aim we used a gradual research design developed into two phases, both combining data collection strategies and analysis of varied extent, intensity and quality. The first phase of the research was the identification of all the innovations linked to diversity carried out in the province of Seville during the 1996–97 academic year. To achieve this we designed and ratified a questionnaire to be distributed among a sample of primary and secondary schools. The completed questionnaires were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively in order to identify the kinds of innovation that schools have undertaken, as wel...


The U.S. Geological Survey is undertaking a program to analyze the reservoir rock mineralogy and hydrocarbon chemistry of samples from natural bitumen and heavy oil deposits of the world. Results from the first phase are reported. Twenty-one samples from seven states of the United States and six samples from outside the United States from the basis of this initial study. Minerals in the reservoir rock were determined by x-ray diffraction, the hydrocarbon components were determined by chromatography, and the trace-element contents were determined in the reservoir rock samples, in the sediment residue remaining after the hydrocarbons were removed, and in the extracted hydrocarbons.


Received at: 28/10/2014 Accepted: 5/1/2015 A total of two hundred eggs collected from backyard balady chickens were examined for the presence of Salmonella spp., E. coli, and Coagulase Positive Staphylococci. Out of the total examined samples, no Salmonella was detected. A total of 36 E. coli strains were isolated with an overall isolation rate of 18%. Eighty (40%) Coagulase Positive Staphylococci isolates were detected. Serotyping of E.coli isolates revealed the predominance of O 27 at a rate of 22% among the 13 identified serotypes. However, 5 (14%) of the E. coli isolates were untypeable. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Coagulase Positive Staphylococci was studied against 15 different chemotherapeutic agents. The highest resistance rates were detected against oxytetracyclin, oxacillin and trimethoprim sulphamethazole with resistance rates of 90%, 86.7% and 86.7%, respectively. The highest sensitivity rate was detected towards ampicillin with a percentage of 87%. E. coli isolates were tested for its susceptibility against 14 different antibiotics, the highest resistance rates were recorded against trimethoprim sulphamethazole, doxycycline, tetracycline and amoxycillin with resistance rates 94.1%, 93.2%, 92.9%, and 92.3%, respectively. While the highest sensitivity rates were detected for colistin, cefotaxim, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin with sensitivity rates of 94.4%, 76.5% 59.8% and 55.6%, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility results were judged by PCR, for E. coli strains, the blaTEM, sul1 and tetA(A) genes were tested for the ß-lactams, trimethoprim sulphamethazone and tetracyclines, respectively. While the mecA, blaZ and tetK genes were tested for the evaluation of the susceptibility of Coagulase Positive Staphylococci against oxacillin, ß-lactams, and tetracyclines, respectively. E. coli virulence was tested by PCR through the testing of iss, eaeA, stx1, stx2, tsh and papC genes. While the virulence of Coagulase Positive Staphylococci was estimated through testing of the enterotoxins genes in addition to coagulase, spa and hlg genes.


Designing color teaching is regarded as one of the most important subjects in contemporary institute art teaching and it concentrates on different teaching concepts so that all kinds of color concepts and training patterns are formed.In this way,it can enrich teaching contents,strengthern the accomplishments of designing colors.And also,it can cultivate students'positive coulour views and make them learn to disclose colors,reunite them and transform them.All these ways are able to have an important effect on creating new images.


Now policy-making studies has experienced the stage of classical decision-making theory, the stage of behavior decision-making theory and the stage of the contemporary era decision-making theory, but the vision of study still limits in the inner of corporation, non-governmental organization or government itself. However, under the system of local governmental cooperation, conjunct decision-making should be a valuable academic front, which is full of disquisitive prospect. So to study these tissue may be meaningful.


Metastability is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, with examples coming from physics, chemistry, biology, climatology and economics. The objects of interest are systems that make transitions between "metastable states", i.e., quasi-equilibria that appear to be equilibria, but are not, and the stable state. Metastable behavior is characterized by a long period of apparent equilibrium of a pure thermodynamical phase followed by an unexpected fast decay towards the stable equilibrium of a pure phase or a mixture. Consider the system in the metastable state and let the system evolve according to random dynamics. Interesting questions in metastability are:


Based on the analyses and summaries of 15 academies(including sport academies,medicine academies and integrative universities) and the requirement of 50 employers,the author discusses the Education mode of Human Kinetic Science Major,that can adapts the market demands.As a result,the author figures that we should divide the major into two parts,one bases on sports and the other bases on medicine.We should adjust our education aim,courses and practice mode to adapt the market demands.


Fig. 2 (Left) the developed element and (right) the used (Bubble enrichment) methodology. However they are incapable of (re)meshing three dimensional complex shapes, which makes the use of tetrahedra inevitable. Tetrahedral elements may show locking behavior when used for incompressible materials. First an element tailored to deal with (nearly incompressible) plasticity has been developed for large strain elasto-plastic damage behavior -see Figure 2.


Dynamic voltage restorer based on cascaded H-bridge converter is the main topology of 10kV voltage sag mitigation device. Due to the use of a large number of power switching devices in the cascaded H-bridge converter, the probability of its failure increases. This paper first proposes a module operation state optimization strategy that is adjusted according to the voltage sags depth, which dynamically matches the corresponding number of submodules to work according to different voltage sags depths. On this basis, for the common open-circuit fault of single power semiconductor device, under shallow voltage sag, this paper proposes a fault-tolerant control strategy based on n+1 redundancy to bypass the faulty H-bridge module and put the spare redundant module into operation when a fault occurs. Under deep voltage sag, this paper proposes a fault-tolerant control strategy based on DC bias compensation, which makes the faulty H-bridge module seamless switch from full-bridge mode to fault-tolerant mode and output half of the rated AC voltage. This paper builds a simulation model in PLECS software to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control method.


Topicality. In Ukraine, a sharp manifestation of unfavorable climate elements for growing hybrid maize seeds, brought to the fore the tolerance of the female components of hybrids to environmental factors limiting the formation of potential yield. Therefore, the study and evaluation of the ecological plasticity and stability of female components are an urgent issue of the modern seed production of maize hybrids. Purpose. To determine the requirements of the female components of maize hybrids to environmental conditions. Materials and Methods. During the research, 20 female components of maize hybrids bred by the SE Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS were used. The female components were single cross sterile hybrids. The methodology of S. A. Eberhart, V. A. Russell, edited by A. Zykin and others, was used. The methodology is based on the calculation of two parameters: the linear regression coefficient bi (ecological plasticity) and the dispersion σd² (ecological stability). Results. The grain yield of the female components was determined in five years of the research. The influence of environmental conditions on the yield of female components of maize hybrids was determined. The female components were distributed according to the requirements for growing conditions. Conclusions. The most valuable, highly intensive female components include sister hybrids Kros253C, Kros256C, Kros247C and Kros238C with high environmental plasticity and stability. To realize the potential yield, they need a high agricultural background under favorable weather conditions. Female components Kros364M and Kros368M with high regression coefficient and root mean square deviation are less valuable because their high plasticity is combined with low yield stability. It is desirable to grow these female components only on a high agricultural background under favorable climatic conditions to get the maximum yield. Hybrids Kros254M, Kros255M, Kros266S, Kros277M, Kros301M, etc., have low environmental plasticity and high yield stability. These hybrids will give maximum returns for minimum costs in extensive cultivation. Keywords: female component, yield, hybrid, adaptation, regression coefficient, root mean square deviation, stability, plasticity


The Swedish central bank has in 2018 launched an investigation into what a digital e-currency in Sweden would look like. Tendermint is being investigated for a potential implementation. Tendermint ...


A linear-leaved, unicostate phase ofGalium arkansanum Gray with pubescent corollas and the abaxial midvein of the leaves glabrous is segregated from the species as var.pubiflorum. It is presently known in the pure form only from the Ouachita Mountains in Montgomery County, Arkansas


Stereoselective introduction of a methyl group to (3R)-2-methylcyclopentanone (2), followed by orthoester Claisen rearrangement provided the methyl ester (6) leading to (–)-chokol A (4).


Population safety,a concept related to many factors of population,has been used widely for evaluating the relations and interaction between society,economy and ecology.HIV/AIDS poses a terrible challenge to the population safety.This paper analyze its negative influence on the population safety and discusses the means for its prevention,which should help us have a better understanding of HIV/AIDS and its influence on our society,economy and ecology and find out the possible solutions.


The Fire Protection Association reports on the incidence of serious fires in industrial premises (those involving fatalities or causing losses of £50,000-plus during 2000.


The principle and characteristics of WRKT-III type double-channel coal-fired burner are introduced. Taking the technical retrofit of No.3 boiler burner in Thermal Power Plant of Dalian Development Zone as example, which primary air port is changed into WRKT-III type double-channel coal-fired burner. After retrofit, the stability of combustion is increased, combustible matter in fly ash is reduced and boiler efficiency is improved.


We propose a method of acquiring spatial high-resolution thermal distribution from a low-resolution infrared camera while correcting the temperature by emissivity. Thermal images are dependent on the color and material of the measurement target. Therefore, the accurate temperature cannot be measured by infrared thermal camera as it is. This is a serious problem in the temperature measurement on electrical terminal with a large current for electrical equipment diagnosis. In this paper, we improve the temperature profile of targets by example-based super-resolution, that is, by a dictionary from a pair of low-resolution and high-resolution thermal images with corrected by emissivity. In some experimental results, we show that temperature profiles are improved, that is, the profile of temperature is close to the measurements by a thermocouple device, and those by a high-resolution infrared thermal camera.


Thesis. The aim of the paper is to interpret Kierkegaard's concept of repetition as a way of creating and experiencing authentic existence in an environment that is set up to repeat this same, inauthentic content of consciousness.
Concept. Repetition is associated with determinism and represents social stagnation. Repetition creates the conditions for an inauthentic existence. The article offers an interpretation of Kierkegaard's concept of repetition, which is the repetition of another and produces authentic existence.
Results and conclusions. Repetition automatically produces of the same. The repetition of one's choice of oneself is a process of creating spirit and individuality, which is a fundamental principle of authentic existence. Creating an authentic personality is one of the ways to solve the current crisis in society, which is associated with an inauthentic experience of existence, abdication of responsibility and repetition of lies.
Cognitive value. The postmodern society associated with the use of the media is not the cause of social disorientation. It is a means that an individual uses to repeat the same. The social environment and magic themselves are not negative, the negative is the inauthentic attitude of a person to them.


ABSTRACT Low-order streams of Upper Guinea receive substantial leaf litter inputs and are characterized by intermittent flow. The ecosystem functioning of such streams flowing in savannah, a common tropical vegetation and the dominant biome in West Africa, remains largely overlooked. We hypothesized litter decomposition in such streams to be (1) fast due to the expectedly high nutrient content of tropical litter, and (2) mostly driven by microorganisms due to the widely revealed paucity of tropical macroinvertebrate consumers, and even exacerbated in these systems by water temporariness. Decomposition rates of 2 common riparian tree species, Alchornea cordifolia and Pterocarpus santalinoides, in 2 streams ranged from 0.0287 to 0.0649 d−1. The process was clearly governed by microbial decomposers, as shown by the exceptionally low mass loss discrepancy between fine and coarse mesh bags, a lack of shredders, and high leaf-associated fungal biomass (measured as ergosterol: up to 0.92 and 0.37 mg g−1 litter of ash-free dry mass for Alchornea and Pterocarpus, respectively), together with moderate conidial production rate. In such savannah streams, the absence of leaf-shredding invertebrates seems to be compensated by a high microbial activity, providing an ultimate case for the reported preponderance of microbial decomposers over invertebrate decomposers at low latitudes. In contrast with temperate temporary streams, the processing of leaf litter from riparian trees, characterized by high nitrogen and phosphorus content, is sufficiently fast to be unaffected by flow intermittency.


This thesis has been carried out in the Andalusian research group CTS-946 "Pharmaceutical development of natural resources". Pharmaceutical development of new materials based on nanoscale interactions between natural occurring excipients is one of the research lines of the group. This is the research area in which this thesis work was focused, and in particular, in the preparation, and characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposites to be used as nanocarriers of oxytetracycline. With this aim, it was firstly reviewed the possibility of obtaining hybrid nanostructures materials with the selected polysaccharide and phyllosilicate and their expected biopharmaceutical and technological features. Then, we proceed to prepare nanocomposites by solid-liquid contact of the components and to evaluate the resulting structure and possible interaction mechanism. The obtained results showed that chitosan was effectively retained by montmorillonite particles through cation exchange. The new material showed good biocompatibility in the range 5?500 ?g/ml, being also able to effectively stimulate cell proliferation over Caco-2 cell cultures. The nanocomposite also possessed mucoadhesive properties and low solubility in acidic environment compared to chitosan alone. These properties led to consider the nanocomposite as a functional excipient able to be coupled with drugs with limited bioavailability due to poor adhesion and deficient transport across the gastrointestinal tract. Oxytetracycline was selected as model drug to evaluate this possibility. The drug was loaded into the nanocomposite and the resulting structure characterized by means of X-Ray diffraction, thermal analysis and FTIR. The results demonstrated that the antibiotic was effectively retained into the nanocomposite structure. The loaded nanocomposite maintained its biocompatibility and overcame the bioavailability uncertainties of the drug. The amount of drug permeated across the cellular substrates also increased as a result of the interaction with the nanocomposite. It can be concluded that by interaction between chitosan and montmorillonite it was possible to obtain a new material that could be use to improve the transport of oxytetracycline across gastrointestinal epithelial cells.


Construction and performance of Penning cold-cathode tubes used as ion sources are described. An electrode distance of 40 mm, anode opening of 25 mm, and cathode input opening of 4 mm, with a Faraday cup for measuring the exit beam current, were used. Abnormally high energy electrons were observed with low cathode potentials. (R.V.J.)


Abstract : This document is intended as an engineering guide for designing a modular simulator. This guide addresses the definition, history and characteristics of a modular simulator. Systems and Software Engineering activities are defined, and modular simulator segment specific and networking design considerations are discussed. This document discusses the modular simulator program design goals and rationale, design rules and guidelines, and lessons learned that have evolved through the program's demonstration phase. The effective use of this guide, in conjunction with the modular simulator architecture documents referenced herein can substantially reduce the cost, schedule, and risk involved in developing a modular simulator. Modular Simulator system (MSS).


A practical detection method,which takes advantage of the information contained in the image itself,is presented based on local treatment gradually for attacking the difficulties in accurately detecting and extracting weld seam and defect in ray testing image.First of all,the approximate location of the weld zone in the original image is determined by detecting the regional characteristics of bands;then,the local area where the weld boundaries and defect are in is determined by analyzing gray column waveforms,and the area types are divided into the categories of non-crack and crack class roughly;finally,the detection and extraction of welding defects are realized by using the methods based on Watershed Transform and Beamlet Transform respectively.The results show that the method can accurately detect the weld boundaries and weld defect in various ray images and has good adaptability and practicality.


In the past, the potential significance of the microbial activity on the chemical evolution of a radioactive waste repository, waste package lifetime, and radionuclide transport has been discussed. At present those impacts are not understood well enough to determine their significance. The purpose of including the microbial experiments in the Drift Scale Test has been to obtain complex process level information about survival and migration of microbes in an environment analogous to a radioactive waste repository. An added advantage is the ability to put our results in the context of the other data (hydrological, mechanical, and chemical) that are being obtained in this test. With the goal of understanding the significance of microbial survival and migration in this geological repository environment, we have designed the following tests: (1) survival/migration test: borehole emplacement of labeled microbes, (2) survival/migration test: heated drift emplacement of labeled microbes, (3) survival/material-microbe-rock interaction test: carbon steel-microbe-rock and carbon steel-microbe-concrete, and (4) sterile collection and freezing of pre-test rock sample.


For Li's research,especially for the Li source of cultural traditions,ethnic evolution,and Chinese cultural exchange and integration and anthropological aspects of folklore studies,etc.,are inseparable from the Li ancient excavations and research.Li ancient literature kinds of information,tens of thousands,the traditional collection methods to be used to spend a lot of financial and material resources and manpower,and can not guarantee that will be able to collect complete.But if you use digital means will be more effective.


and involvement of the trabecular meshwork for 270 degrees. The visual acuity was "normal OU". Initial treatment consisted of a multitier approach using intra-arterial, intravitreal, and intracameral melphalan. This was followed by 4 monthly cycles of neoadjuvant systemic carboplatin and etoposide. An anterior chamber recurrence was noted 3.5 months later and further intracameral and intravitreal melphalan were delivered. Reported complications included heterochromia and opacification of the lens cortex, necessitating cataract surgery. Endothelial cell density remained stable during therapy; however, following cataract surgery, a 10% endothelial cell loss was noted. At 5 years of follow-up, the child was disease free with 20/20 vision in both eyes. The second patient had bilateral retinoblastoma (ICRB Group D right eye and Group E left eye) diagnosed at 1 year of age. The left eye had been enucleated, and the right eye developed ciliary body and anterior chamber relapse. Intraophthalmic artery chemotherapy was ineffective, so in hopes of avoiding external radiation, the authors elected to couple 4 alternating courses of intravitreal and intracameral melphalan with a seventh cycle of systemic chemotherapy. At 3 years of follow-up, the patient had no recurrent disease and "useful vision" despite documented atrophic choroidal scarring and retinal vascular toxicity. With advancing age and wisdom, we are often apt to romance the simpler time of our youth. The world was less complicated. We were not hyperstimulated in an era devoid of email, cell phones, and texts. However, survival rates from pediatric cancers, notably retinoblastoma, were much lower. There was no Knudson two-hit hypothesis, RB1 gene, patient-derived orthotopic xenografts, or whole-genome sequencing. However, there was external beam radiation [1] , intra-arterial therapy [2] , intravitreal therapy [3] , and melphalan [4] . Fast-forward to the present, where advances in science and medicine are improving health care, but with the background force of social media. Our challenge as clinicians and scientists is to assure that science and medicine are kept in parallel with bench-to-bedside research as a feedback loop. The medical treatment we bring to our patients today must be thoroughly evaluated using the research tools that have been made available. In this issue of Ocular Oncology and Pathology , we are presented with 2 separate case reports, each documenting the novel use of intracameral melphalan for the treatment of anterior chamber seeding from advanced intraocular retinoblastoma [5, 6] . The first patient was an 11-year-old with unilateral International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) Group E eye with anterior chamber seeding Received: November 7, 2016 Accepted: November 10, 2016 Published online: December 24, 2016


Psoriasis has long been linked to T-cell–mediated autoimmunity. Although much work has focused on the nature of the participating T cells, the


The compound phthalaldehyde microemulsion germicide composition contains: phthalaldehyde 0.20-0.70 wt%, fatty alcohol A, fatty alcohol B1, chelant, quaternary ammonium salt, non-ionic surfactant, compound pH buffer system to ensure the germicide pH value of 7-10, defoaming agent compound to avoid foaming during circulation, and corrosion retardant to avoid metal corrosion. The compound phthalaldehyde microemulsion germicide composition has high sterilizing effect, stable physical and chemical properties, long preservation period, good compatibility, practical no toxicity and other features.


As director of the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, I am pleased to introduce this special issue of the Canadian Journal of Pain. Though I oversee the activities of the Institute, I have no conflicts relevant to the content of the papers and abstracts that are provided here. The special issue contains material from the Persistent Post-surgical Pain Symposium hosted by the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care in April 2022. We appreciate the support of Editor-in-Chief Joel Katz, the editorial team, and peer reviewers at the Canadian Journal of Pain in allowing us to present this special issue with highlights from the meeting. Even more, we are pleased that we have once again been able to host the symposium now that travel and meeting restrictions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic have eased, although the impact of the pandemic is still being felt in Canada and around the world. Indeed, one of our scheduled inperson speakers this year, Scientific Advisory Board member Henrik Kehlet, contracted COVID-19 shortly in advance of the meeting and was unable to travel. He delivered his address virtually. This is particularly ironic because he has been one of the most energetic advocates for the in-person meeting having the greatest value for supporting person-to-person interactions around the topic and providing us with direction at the Institute. The vision of the Institute is to use the conceptual model of chronic postsurgical pain to bring together behavioral, clinical, and basic scientists to develop a new understanding of the origin, mechanisms, and treatment of chronic pain. This special issue of the Canadian Journal of Pain highlights three papers drawn from among the presentations that were heard in person by meeting attendees, along with two abstracts that were displayed for discussion. The overall symposium topics included use of biomarkers to predict risk and monitor perioperative recovery, the impact of enhanced recovery strategies on pain care and chronic postsurgical pain, interventions for the prevention of chronic postsurgical pain, discussion of novel biotechnological platforms for measuring predictive biomarkers, and "wearable technology" that can monitor movement characteristics and identify at-risk individuals. Attendees participated in lively discussion with the speakers and other attendees, reminding us of the value of the in-person meeting for honing new concepts, motivating and directing trainee researchers, and creating new partnerships among researchers from varied backgrounds with overlapping interests. The published abstract (Pallapothu et al.) represents work supported by the Institute. The feasibility trial proposed to examine enhanced recovery in a population of patients undergoing total knee replacement in the context of a reduced opioid analgesia regimen. It emphasizes ongoing issues of pain treatment in an atmosphere of anxiety around the use of opioid analgesics and the interest in alternative treatment regimens. In making a contribution to the literature, the trial highlights limitations to the current state of knowledge and the understanding of chronic pain treatment and the need for a great deal of further study—which is, of course, the eternal desire of pain researchers. The three papers submitted by speakers at the symposium draw attention to the range of activity underway in the field of pain research. Dr. Singh's conceptual discussion paper on the role of immunological processes in pain physiology comes from his longstanding work on bone pain in cancer and more recent work on differences between male and female responses to noxious stimuli, mediated by differences in immune response during surgical injury. It is an interesting discussion and informs future directions of research and care. The study by Khaled et al. addressing cognitive dysfunction after arthroplasty surgery brings together two feared complications of reconstructive surgery: the experience of postsurgical pain and the risk of cognitive dysfunction, recognizing that treatments for the former may have an impact upon the experience of the latter but also that both occur in a complex and dynamic setting of surgery, anesthesia, and the recovery process. Prevention of pain and enhancing the recovery after surgery is the topic of the pilot study and protocol development reported by Bakaa et al. Again, this


In the field of target-based sentiment analysis, the deep neural model combining attention mechanism is a remarkable success. In current research, it is commonly seen that attention mechanism is combined with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. However, such neural network-based architectures generally rely on complex computation and only focus on single target. In this paper, we propose a gated hierarchical LSTM (GH-LSTMs) model which combines regional LSTM and sentence-level LSTM via a gated operation for the task of target-based sentiment analysis. This approach can distinguish different polarities of sentiment of different targets in the same sentence through a regional LSTM. Furthermore, it is able to concentrate on the long-distance dependency of target in the whole sentence via a sentence-level LSTM. The final results of our experiments on multi-domain datasets of two languages from SemEval 2016 indicate that our approach yields better performance than Support Vector Machine (SVM) and several typical neural network models. A case study of some typical examples also makes a supplement to this conclusion.


The nominative and vocative cases describe Aristotle's όνομα correctly understood that is to say, to the non subordination. The acusative case means the place connected with the expansive motion. The ablative case means the place connected with the non expansive motion. The dative case means the teleology of motion. The genitive case refers to the general connection with the noun. «Proper» prepositions specify the case as something concrete; «Adverbial» prepositions perhaps neutralize its value, but cum ratione.


Geometry is the most important material to be learned in school. But the fact that there are still many students often makes errors in resolving the problems of geometry. This research focuses on analysis students' errors in solving Geometry problems among junior high school students in every higher order thinking skills level. This research used a qualitative descriptive method aimed to identify the students' errors based on Newman's error analysis. The errors are associated with planes and related problems. Data collection was done based on students' work through test and interview. The errors were analyzed according to Newman's Error Analysis Model consisting of reading, comprehension, transformation, process skills, and encoding. The result revealed that the students having errors according to Newman's error analysis in every higher order thinking skills level, they are analyzing, evaluating, and creating.


A simple compensation technique, previously employed for the improvement of the sweep linearity of bootstrap sweep generators, is investigated as a means of reducing the performance errors of operational amplifiers. It is shown that such compensation is capable of quite general application but is of most value in the case of transistor amplifier circuits, where the active element may be regarded as a current amplifier. Thus multiple-input transistor operational amplifiers may be improved by compensation, whereas in the valve amplifier case the technique is restricted to single-input circuits. Simple forms of compensating circuit are derived for summing, integrating and differentiating amplifiers; correction for the fall of gain of the active element at high frequencies is also included. The main results of the paper are illustrated by practical examples in which the active element is a single common-emitter stage.


In this article, we consider only those (simple) digraphs which satisfy the property that if is an edge of a digraph, then is not an edge of it. A new matrix representation of a digraph is considered and the matrix is named as the complex adjacency matrix. The eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of the complex adjacency matrices of cycle digraphs and directed trees are obtained and it is shown that not only the eigenvalues of these matrices but also the eigenvectors provide a lot of information about the structure of these digraphs.


[3,3′-Co(8-C5H10O-1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)]
(2) was synthesized by reaction of the caesium salt of [Co(C2B9H11)2]− with dimethyl sulfate in the presence of sulfuric acid as catalyst and tetrahydropyrane as solvent; the zwitterionic compound (2) yielded [3,3′-Co(8-C4H4N-(CH2)5-O-1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)]−
(6), [3,3′-Co(8-C8H6N-(CH2)5-O-1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)]−
(7), and [3,3′-Co(8-C12H8N-(CH2)5-O-1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)]−
(8) through the nucleophilic addition of potassium pyrrolyl, indolyl and carbazolyl, respectively. The nucleophilic addition of the same salts on [3,3′-Co(8-C4H8O2-1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)]
(1) yielded, respectively, [3,3′-Co(8-C4H4N-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-O-1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)]−
(3), [3,3′-Co(8-C8H6N-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-O-1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)]−
(4), and [3,3′-Co(8-C12H8N-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-O-1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)]−
(5). All these products were isolated, purified and characterized by means of 1H, 1H{11B}, 11B, 11B{1H} and 13C{1H}-NMR and IR spectroscopies, MS MALDI-TOF spectrometry and elemental analysis. The behavior of the exo-cluster chain has been proven to be, in solution, very similar irrespective of the nucleophilic agent introduced into the molecule. The X-ray diffraction study of the potassium salt of 3 has proven the evidence of B–H⋯K+ interactions in solid state. The 1H{11B}-NMR spectra recorded in the range between 37 °C and −58 °C have proven the presence of the three intramolecular B–H⋯K+ interactions in solution. The possible role of [Co(C2B9H11)2]− as a doping agent in conducting organic polymers is also discussed.


This paper presents a divide-by-36 injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD). It locks onto a 37-GHz input over a locking range of about 1.6 GHz (4.3%) and outputs a frequency of approximately 1GHz, which is sufficiently low for further division by a programmable divider. The high division ratio is realized by time-gating the superharmonic input signal and injecting it into a 9-stage ring VCO at 9 feeding points. Nine gating signals are generated by the ring VCO itself by logic operation such that the input signal is injected only during the correct time slice for each of the feeding points. The ILFD was fabricated using a 55-nm deeply depleted channel (DDC) CMOS process, occupies an area of 0.020 mm2, and consumes a power of 9.1 mW.


Nurses, by the nature of their role in the health profession, have one of the best opportunities to be in contact with the alcoholic and/or his family . The nurse's role will vary with the setting in which she works, but all her efforts toward the alcoholic 's rehabilitation should involve elements of treatment, education and prevention. Cork' contends that to date, the nursing profession as a whole, although quite equipped to do so, has "nol brought the best of its proven skills and abilities to understanding and coping with the problem of alcoholism ." This may be true because of limited education regarding alcoholism generally given in most levels of nursing education; secondly, a conflict of priorities in the teamwork of service professionals to work effectively together; and thirdly, the nurse 's own attitudes and feelings which may interfere with the objectivity necessary for any form of alcoholic treatment. In my present capacity as administrator of health services for a reinsurance company in Manhattan, I have had the opportunity to assess a variety of needs of employees involved with alcoholism . As a nurse, I have had contact with physiological disease factors and have gotten involved with health education. As a counselor, I have been called upon to assess management of employees and/or families ' suspected or involved with substance abuse . As an administra tor, it is my responsibility to evalua te, inform and refer employees and supervisory staff, through our ongoing Employees Assistance Program (EAP). One can see that


In this paper, a multiband microstrip patch antenna is designed that can operate at multiple frequencies, including 8.27GHz (X-band), 14GHz (Satellite communication), 20.2 and 24.3GHz (K-band), and 29.7GHz (ka-band). An antenna's radiating element is supported by a 0.15mm thicker Roger RT/duorid 5880 substrate with a loss tangent $\delta$ of 9×10-4 and a dielectric constant of 2.2. The antenna matched with a VSWR <2 in the five frequency bands. An antenna exhibits good impedance matching, radiation characteristics and gain across their operational bandwidths. This can be used for the applications of Satellite communications and radar.


Background- Implantation of transvenous permanent pacemakers (PPM) has become standard therapy for sinus node dysfunction and atrioventricular conduction abnormalities. It plays an important role in improving quality of life and preventing death in this group of patients. Methods- This study was conducted on 477 patients during their hospitalization and eight weeks after their discharge. Results- Complete heart block was the most frequent indication for pacemaker implantation (48.8%). The most frequent early complications of implantations were hematoma (2.1%) and hemothorax (0.5%). The most frequent malfunctions were lead displacement (1.9%), exit block (1.5%) and atrial undersensing (1%). There were no significant differences between single- and dual-chamber PPM in regard to complications and malfunctions (p=0.56). Conclusions- PPM implantations in our center are associated with a low incidence of early complications and malfunctions in comparison with other qualified centers. There is no significant difference between early complications of single- versus dual-chamber PPMs(Iranian Heart Journal 2006; 7 (3):38-42).


We present the results of comparative investigations of the effect of a direct solvent-free modification of C60 thin films with photosensitive molecules: aminosubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1-aminopyrene, 1-pyrenemethylamine hydrochloride, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene) and meso-tetraphenylporphine on their optical properties, photoluminescence, and photoelectric characteristics of Au/C60/Si photodiode structures (λ = 400–1100 nm). The optical properties (n, k) of the investigated C60 films are shown to differ slightly. The photoluminescence spectra measured at 2 K demonstrate a redistribution of the constituent bands intensities and their overall reduction for all C60 modifications. The greatest enhancement of the photocurrent and the photoconversion efficiency is observed for structures with C60 layers modified with meso-tetraphenylporphine.


This study investigated the relationship between foreign direct investment and unemployment rate. Time series data for the period 1991-2020 were collected from the World Bank and the Central Bank of Egypt. The study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration approach to explain the error correction mechanism to ascertain the short-run dynamic nature of foreign direct investment and unemployment rate. The study reveals a negative and significant influence of foreign direct investment inflow to the gross domestic product, GDP growth and gross capital formation to GDP on the unemployment rate in both the long and short run. There is a positive and significant influence of foreign direct investment outflow to the gross domestic product, inflation rate and population growth rate on the unemployment rate in both the long and short run. There is a statistically significant negative relationship between total export to GDP and the unemployment rate in the short term, but it is not significant in the long term. There is a statistically significant positive relationship between the real exchange rate and the unemployment rate in the short term, but it is not significant in the long term. There is a nonsignificant relationship between the ratio of imports to GDP and the unemployment rate, whether in the long or short term. The error correction is correctly negatively signed and highly significant and has a high magnitude (-0.535) suggesting a medium adjustment process, which means that, if unemployment rate is 1 percent out of equilibrium, a 53.5 percent adjustment towards equilibrium will take place within the first year.


To date, most investigations of false confessions have focused on their prevention rather than their identification. In this study we investigated whether certain linguistic variables might help to distinguish between false confessional statements and true accounts. Using a within-subjects design, we elicited both false confessional statements and true accounts from 85 participants. We examined these for the presence of nouns, verbs and adjectives. Additionally, participants completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) to determine the relationship between noun, verb and adjective use and self-reported measures of state anxiety. Results showed that whereas nouns and verbs failed to discriminate between false confessions and true accounts, adjective use significantly decreased during false confessions. Anxiety was not associated with veracity. The current findings suggest that there are measurable linguistic differences between false confessions and true accounts that cannot be attributed to level of state anxiety.


This paper focuses on research device management mechanisms such as routers and switches, based on the NETCONF protocol, considered user authentication mechanisms using RADIUS-server and implementation of these mechanisms in currently being developed Eltex Network OS. Reflected the main features of NETCONF protocol — Network Configuration Protocol, produced theoretical and experimental comparison of the NETCONF protocol vs features of its predecessor — the SNMP protocol and implemented mechanism for authenticating users via RADIUS-server.


BIM implementation is still low in construction, especially in developing countries. The study aims to identify the most effective strategies to improve BIM implementation in the construction industry. A quantitative approach was a means of data collection. There were no statistically significant differences in respondents' opinions about the process of enhancing BIM implementation based on educational qualification, age bracket, or the number of BIM projects handled. However, there was based on the participants' specialization and years of working experience. Multiple linear regression was conducted to investigate whether the strategies to improve BIM implementation in the construction industry could significantly predict the level of BIM knowledge/awareness. The findings indicate that three independent variables significantly predict the level of BIM knowledge, F (5, 61) = 8.795, p < 0.001. However, government support and national standard have an insignificant impact on the dependent variable. Also, the R2 = 0.419 depicts that the model explains 41.9% of the variance in the level of BIM knowledge. The research results have implications for enhancing BIM implementation in AEC projects and may increase industry effectiveness.


The study of music as a cultural practice has not emerged in Britain in the form of a definite field. Musicologists and music-historians remain largely within an intellectual framework which might be compared with Leavisite or even pre-Leavis English; that is, they see a 'social context' or 'background' to the works they study, but in their writings, courses etc., this occupies much less prominence than a dehistoricized and de-culturalized mode of technical description, evaluation and comparison. Sociologists of music have been rare in Britain, though much more work has been done under this heading in Europe and the US. There are also ethnomusicologists working to bring together anthropological and musicological methods, with considerable success, but again mainly in America and Europe. As a result, exceptional studies in Britain, like Small (1977), Mackerness (1964) and Shepherd et al. (1977) have tended to remain interesting curiosities. A brief survey of the sociology of music tradition raises several recurrent themes which encapsulate the difficulties that have dogged this field in the making. Firstly what, if anything, is immanent in music? Secondly, and with this first question in mind, is the social determination of a work's internal relations a legitimate concept, in even the broadest sense? Thirdly, can it be accepted that music expresses emotions and, by implication, nothing else, as many leading musicologists and aestheticians claim? Fourthly, in what way can sociologists legitimately hypothesize such concepts as rationalization in music, and corporeality or the absence of it, both suggestions made by Max Weber ( 1958), as possible intersections of the socially-determined and the musically-immanent? Finally, is it legitimate to import totalizing schemes which owe their genesis to the study of other practices (linguistics, language-based semiology, orthodox Marxism etc.), or must such importing be ruled out as apriorism? Both in Germany and the US such problems have occasioned considerable


Macao is a free port city, as one of China's special administrative regions, it is more closely aligned with the international conventions. In the context of building construction, based on the comparison of project budgeting, construction process management, construction subcontract and material procurement management between Macao and the mainland, this paper sums up the differences of construction management between Macao and the mainland. By the understanding of the Macao market, this paper aims to provide useful reference for the mainland construction enterprises to enter the international market.


Homan's theory of distributive justice especially when unjustifiable inequity exists was applied to study experimentally the productivity of men in groups. The results are interpreted as supporting Homan's proposition in that productivity decreased when members suffer from inequity but productivity increased when inquiry puts them at an advantage.


Loss in utility plant availability created by failure-causing stress corrosion cracks in steam turbine blades makes early detection of this problem critical. Visual examination and magnetic particle testing are the nondestructive examination (NDE) methods usually utilized during field inspection of blades; however, there are reported instances where stress corrosion cracks were missed. A consequence of missed cracks could be blade failure during operation, leading to costly, unscheduled plant outage. To alleviate this problem, the utility industry is currently funding a study which includes a survey of the industry to define and assess limitations of the current NDE practices for turbine blades, an evaluation of NDE methods using flawed blade samples, conducting field tests, and development of standardized methods and procedures. Preliminary results of the first year of the study are presented.


The experience of Western developed nations expressed that MBO, the important way and method of the development of enterprises, has pushed the enterprises forward greatly. MBO has the different economical effect on the microcosmic and the macroscopic level, which caused the big difference between the positive and the negative influence on the economy. Therefore laws and regulations are required to regulate the MBO in order to give full play to its positive influence and keep the negative effect within limits.


The final degree work presented below is intended to illustrate all the development done to create a mobile application divided into eleven chapters. Each chapter details the different project phases completed following a software engineering process. The first two chapters include the initial idea to create the application and proposed objectives to achieve with it. Then the next three chapters study and analyze the needs of users for whom it is intended the application and existing solutions that can be found on the market. With the data analyzed, the system requirements are defined and broken down and divided into subsystems in chapters six and seven respectively. The more technical parts of the project carried out are in the eighth and ninth chapters where the design of any party involved in the application and implementation are done. To end, the studies of user's satisfaction with the work is done in the tenth chapter and the work to be carried out once the project is finished are in the eleventh chapter.


The virtual patient, a unique computer simulation of the patient's face, teeth, oral mucosa, and bone, provides an extraordinary mechanism for digital dental implant surgery planning and prosthetic design. However, the seamless registration of digital scans with functional information in the context of a virtual articulator remains a challenge. This report describes the treatment of a 47-year-old male with full-mouth guided immediate implant placement and immediate loading of CAD/CAM interim prostheses. Utilizing a novel digital workflow, a multifactorial registration of the vertical dimension of occlusion, centric occlusion, and facebow record were completed digitally and paired within a digital articulator. Utilizing this innovative approach, a complex treatment plan and procedure was executed smoothly with a successful prosthetic outcome demonstrating good fit, occlusion, esthetics, and patient reported satisfaction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


[%metadata%] Hypocrisy and deceptions of the Royal Commission News and views of Molested and Abused Catholics on the Royal Commission into child sexual abuse


To prevent the negative consequences of subclinical hypocalcemia, it is common practice to treat postparturient high-risk dairy cows with supplemental calcium prophylactically either by oral or IV administration; however, the effect of prophylactic calcium administration on blood calcium concentration has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of prophylactic postpartum calcium treatments (IV and oral bolus) on postpartum blood calcium concentration.


With the ageing population more and more old people survive acute and chronic illnesses and live longer - but at the same time they are sometimes in need of hospital care - but are hospitals adapted to old people with many conditions and comorbidities? This book describes how the frail old patients sometimes feel like a burden to the health care and how the health care professionals give explains how they often try to avoid taking care of old people because of lack of time and proper competence. In the same time health care professionals give expressions of frustration and guilt not being able to provide a good care. Especially the physicians feel they are trapped between the needs of the patients' and the remunerations systems rewarding time-constricted health care production (number of investigations, operations, easy accessibility etc.) – not a time-consuming holistic view on all illnesses and medications including communication with the patients and caregivers. Health care is revealed as not well adapted to meet these patients' complex needs. Finally a suggestion for a model to improve care of frail elderly patients is presented.


Abstract Fifty-four Caucasian parsley frogs, Pelodytes caucasicus, from Turkey were examined for helminths in 2005. Found were 1 species of Digenea, Gorgodera cygnoides; 5 species of Nematoda, Agfa tauricus, Aplectana brumpti, Cosmocerca ornata, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, and Rhabdias bufonis; and 1 species of Acanthocephala, Pseudoacanthocephala caucasicus. Pelodytes caucasicus represents a new host record for each of the parasite species; Agfa tauricus and Pseudoacanthocephala caucasicus are reported from Turkey for the first time.


Semiconductor alloys of aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) exhibit strong second-order optical nonlinearities. This makes them prime candidates for the integration of devices for classical nonlinear optical frequency conversion or photon-pair production, for example, through the parametric down-conversion (PDC) process. Within this material system, Bragg-reflection waveguides (BRW) are a promising platform, but the specifics of the fabrication process and the peculiar optical properties of the alloys require careful engineering. Previously, BRW samples have been mostly derived analytically from design equations using a fixed set of aluminum concentrations. This approach limits the variety and flexibility of the device design. Here, we present a comprehensive guide to the design and analysis of advanced BRW samples and show how to automatize these tasks. Then, nonlinear optimization techniques are employed to tailor the BRW epitaxial structure towards a specific design goal. As a demonstration of our approach, we search for the optimal effective nonlinearity and mode overlap which indicate an improved conversion efficiency or PDC pair production rate. However, the methodology itself is much more versatile as any parameter related to the optical properties of the waveguide, for example the phasematching wavelength or modal dispersion, may be incorporated as design goals. Further, we use the developed tools to gain a reliable insight in the fabrication tolerances and challenges of real-world sample imperfections. One such example is the common thickness gradient along the wafer, which strongly influences the photon-pair rate and spectral properties of the PDC process. Detailed models and a better understanding of the optical properties of a realistic BRW structure are not only useful for investigating current samples, but also provide important feedback for the design and fabrication of potential future turn-key devices.


Ionic mobilities of cationic traces in alkaline earth halide melts and in the eutectics NaNO/sub 3/ --KNO/sub 3 and NaNO/sub 3/ --KNO/sub 3/ LiNO/sub 3/ are reported. The observed mobilities of alkaline earth ions in solution in NaNO/ sub 3/ --KNO/sub 3/ at 270 deg C increase linearly as a function of their simple ionic radium, while the observed mobilities of the alkali ions in the NaNO/sub 3/- KNO/sub 3/ eutectic at 270 deg C decrease linearly with the increase in the ionic radius. The behavior of the mobilities of the alkaline earth ions is contrary to Stokes' law on mobilities according to which the mobilities should decrease as the radius increases. (P.C.H.)


Introduction Premature neonates have a high incidence of hypoxia-ischemia (HI), which can lead to permanent neurophysiologic deficits. Therefore, these newborns are frequently monitored by means of EEG. However, clinical intervention strategies are mostly based upon MRI examinations. The time points of these studies usually depend on MRI availability. The aim of this study is to develop protocols for the indication of MRI examinations based on EEG monitoring. To aid in the development of these protocols, knowledge of the correlation of EEG and MRI is important. In order to investigate this correlation following a hypoxic-ischemic insult under carefully controlled experimental conditions, simultaneous EEG and MRI measurements in an experimental neonatal cerebral ischemia model were conducted. It is known that the developmental stage of the brain of neonatal rats with an age between 10 and 15 days closely resembles that of premature to term human neonates [1], the clinically relevant target group for this study. The MRI measurements include DTI, known for early detection of HI [2]. DTI based fiber tracking is sensitive to cellular changes, which are hypothesized to correlate to changes in neuronal functioning, as measured by EEG. Challenges in this setup are, amongst others, reduction of artifacts in the EEG signal due to MRI sequences, and artifacts in MRI images resulting from the EEG electrodes and leads.


Particles in dam system soil are component mainly of silt, and its amount account for 66~70 percent in the soil. The marked difference in various soil are that there are many fine silt and clay but rather less for coarse silt and sany in strong accumulation clay layer, the loamy layer are just the contrary. The amount of OM,TN are primany concentrated on fine particles (<0005mm), the concentration difference of OM, TN between coarse and fine particles are larger in dam system soil, but TP,TK are sma...


shot spCSI in 125 ms. Color scale is the same for all images (with Pyr scaled down by 2.5), threshold at 15% of maximum. (b) Same as (a), but acquired with FIDCSI (Tacq = 24 s). Fig. 2: Time courses of the average signal intensity from ROIs in the left kidney (solid) and heart (dashed) for Pyr (blue circle), Lac (red square), and Ala (green cross). The time courses for Pyr are scaled down by a factor of 8. Single-Shot Spiral Chemical Shift Imaging in the Rat In Vivo with Hyperpolarized [1-C]-Pyruvate


For many calculations in Reactor Physics, Monte Carlo methods have significant advantages over standard deterministic techniques. However, because very accurate geometric models can be generated, input data to Monte Carlo codes is difficult, tedious and extremely time consuming to prepare. This paper describes a preprocessor which reduces considerably the size and complexity of user generated data. In fact only dimensional and composition information is required by the preprocessor for it to produce the code input file and it is believed that this is a significant development in facilitating Monte Carlo data preparation. After a description of the preprocessor an indication of the reduction in effort required to generate the Monte Carlo input for the heterogeneous pin structure of MASURCA by using the preprocessor is given followed by comparisons of calculated and experimental k eff values. Finally future developments and applications of the preprocessor are described. In this paper only applications to Fast Reactor Physics will be considered. However the approach is quite general and could be extended to Thermal studies.


The measuring channel consisting of а set of identical cells connected in series is described. Each cell, except of a sensor, includes an integrated microchip containing four operational amplifiers: two of them are used for processing an analog signal of sensor, two others are configured as Shmitt trigger and inverting repeater and form the bit of digital shift register providing series connection of cells to the common signal cable. When using microchips of average speed the maximal frequency of cell switching reaches 200 kHz that allows to investigate processes with characteristic times ranging from 100 ms.


Background - Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a syndrome characterized by ventricular dilation, contractile dysfunction and symptoms of congestive heart failure. Extracellular matrix proteins such a...


The use of air cooled condensers in power generation is increasing in many arid regions of the world. The classical A-frame condenser design is implemented in most new installations despite significant empirical evidence that such designs suffer from poor efficiencies and weather effects, and therefore provide significant scope for improvements. An inefficient condenser results in higher back pressure on the turbine, over-sized condensers and increased fan power. This paper addresses the flow distribution from an air cooled condenser for a ∼400MW gas and steam power plant. The results indicate that the flow patterns from the large scale fans results in a severe inhomogeneous distribution of cooling on the condenser fins. These region of high and low velocity are closely related to the outlet flow pattern from the fans, where in the hub region the air mass flow rate is reduced, while in the tip region it is increased. These measurements provide an excellent basis for both understanding the existing deficiencies of the A-frame designs and moreover provide direction for improved designs in the future.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Piezoelectric ceramic polymer composites with 1-3 connectivity have generated considerable interest for their potential application in medical ultrasound due to their high electromechanical coupling coefficient kt, low planar coupling coefficient kp and better acoustic matching to tissue. Conventional tools and setup show some limitation for the complete evaluation and characterization of ultrasound imaging transducer. This paper shows how to measure the piezoelectric deformation constant d33 of a specimen that has been prepared using the dice- and-fill technique. For this purpose, we perform the PFM technique via an AFM. The inverse piezoelectric response of the PZT ceramics confirmed the linearity hypothesis of the piezoelectric behavior for such composites with applied ddp in the range of 1÷10V at frequency of 1 kHz. There are no direct measurements of such behavior in the literature. This method provides to piezocomposite array designers a quasi-static characterization of the transducer, and contributes to the advanced optimization of bandwidth, cross coupling and sensitivity of ultrasound imaging array transducers.


Abstract : The conclusions are as follows: (1) There are pronounced seasonal patterns in the (relative) amplitudes of the first and third harmonics with a strong negative correlation between the two. The (relative) amplitudes of both the first and third harmonics at 55 degrees N are negatively correlated to their counter parts at 35 degrees N. No significant seasonal variation is indicated for the relative amplitude of the second harmonic. (2) The change of the phase angle shows a regular seasonal course at 55 degrees N except for the second harmonic. (3) The variation of the spectrum shows that the seasonal variation is different from year to year but the general trend is the same for all years. (4) The characteristics of the spectrum of transitional seasons are clearly distinct from those of summer and winter and therefore the natural synoptic seasons may be clearly defined. The beginning and ending as well as the length and character of the seasons vary from one year to another. (5) The weather anomaly in China has a close relationship with the pattern of ultra-long waves in the northern hemisphere. This may be shown by the examples of July 1954 and 1959 and February 1957 and 1960. (Translator)


The purpose of this study is, through first-hand observation to study the typical remanufacturing process of a selected IR automotive remanufacturer (Company Z), to identify key areas where issues may be present and improvements to facilitate more effective methods for the operations in question may be possible. The data gathering method involved an extended period of time being spent alongside the technicians and operators at Company Z, (with observation and semi-structured interviews). Various stages of the process were analyzed and investigated, in order to gauge the validity of data collected similar information was gathered at Company Y, another remanufacturing company in the same sector (Automotive). The results of this study found issues identified in data collected from this area are related to potential training and improved efficiency of the operators.


This study reports on the fertility response of AFDC women in Alameda County, California, to welfare reforms initiated by Governor Reagan in 1970-71. The fertility of AFDC women did not increase when monthly welfare benefits rose substantially, or even when the marginal benefit for an additional child rose. The availability of legal abortion, however, appears to have significantly lowered the fertility of these women. An AFDC policy change is suggested by the third finding that increased years of education for the young welfare mother with only one child sharply lower the probability of her having additional children while on AFDC.


FIELD: organic chemistry, chemical technology, herbicides. SUBSTANCE: invention describes new substituted derivatives of pyrazole of the general formula (I): wherein n = 0 or 1; group A represents independently hydrogen atom, alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, halogenalkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group with 3-6 carbon atoms or phenyl group having substituting groups optionally; group D represents hydrogen atom, alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, halogenalkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, alkenyl group with 2-4 carbon atoms, alkoxy-group with 1-4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group with 3-6 carbon atoms, halogen atom, alkoxycarbonyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, alkylsulfonyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms or phenyl group; group E represents hydrogen atom, halogen atom or phenyl group; groups R 1 and R 2 both represent halogen atom; group R 3 represents hydrogen atom, alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, halogenalkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, alkenyl group with 2-4 carbon atoms, alkynyl group with 2-4 carbon atoms or benzyl group; groups R 4 and R 5 are similar or different and each represents hydrogen atom, alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, halogenalkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group with 3-8 carbon atoms that can be substituted with alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, alkenyl group with 2-4 carbon atoms, alkynyl group with 2-4 carbon atoms, cyanomethyl group or phenyl group; or each R 4 and R 5 group means benzyl group; or each R 4 and R 5 group represents α- or β-phenethyl group having substituting groups at benzyl ring optionally. Indicated substituting groups represent alkoxy-groups with 1-4 carbon atoms wherein indicated substituting groups substitute hydrogen atom at the arbitrary positions 0-2 of the benzyl ring; or groups R 4 and R 5 form in common 5-membered or 6-membered aliphatic ring wherein the indicated ring can be substituted with alkyl groups with 1-4 carbon atoms and indicated ring can comprise one or two heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen oxygen and sulfur atom, and a method for their preparing. Also, invention describes herbicide compositions based on compound of the formula (I). Invention provides preparing herbicide compositions showing the strong herbicide effect and broad herbicide spectrum of their effect. EFFECT: improved preparing method, valuable properties of derivatives and compositions. 7 cl, 6 tbl, 3 ex


Among the possible causes of a bridge failure, hydraulic conditions account for the majority. A study by the US Federal Highway Administration in 1973 concluded that of 383 bridge failures, 25% involved pier damage whereas 72% were due to abutment damage. Failure of bridges due to local scour has motivated many investigators to explore the causes of scouring and to predict the maximum scour depth at piers and abutments. In the present paper, the results of an experimental work on flow modification around bridge abutments have been photographically presented and analysed. Hydrogen bubble technique has been used for the study, for which a simple, effective and economical setup has been developed in the college laboratory. A number of shapes of abutments were tested for visualisation of flow modification and the results are being presented in the form of graphics.


Abstract:  There has been a concentrated effort in modeling fluid flow in asphalt pavements, and most of the existing work has been limited to evaluation of directional permeabilities. The effects of other phenomena, such as development of flow‐induced pore pressure and viscous shear stress distributions at the pore–solid interfaces, on moisture damage in an asphalt pore structure have not been fully understood. A three‐dimensional (3D) numerical fluid flow model was developed using the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method to simulate water flow within the pore structures of various hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements . In this article, an in‐depth analysis of variations of pore pressures and viscous shear stresses caused by water flow within the 3D pore structure of different HMA specimens is provided. The relationship between the pore geometry and the pore water pressure and viscous shear stresses were studied. Pore pressures and viscous shear stresses were computed after 3D fluid flow simulations conducted within the real pore structures of numerous HMA specimens. X‐ray computed tomography (CT) was used to acquire 3D pore structures of HMA specimens, and the obtained images were input into the LB model. The results indicated that the pore water pressure gradient is highly nonlinear within the pore structure of HMA pavements, as opposed to a linear gradient commonly observed in homogeneous pore structures (e.g., granular soils). The viscous shear stresses were observed to be the largest at the constrictions located at the mid‐depth of the specimens. Furthermore, a one‐to‐one relationship was observed between the reduction in the pore area and viscous shear stresses developed during the water flow.