The influence of a circumbinary (CB) disk on the evolution of cataclysmic variable (CV) binary systems is investigated. We show that CB mass surface densities sufficient to influence the evolution rate are plausibly provided by the outflows observed in CVs, if the net effect of these winds is to deliver 10-4 to 10-3 of the mass transfer rate to the CB disk. The torque exerted by the CB disk provides a positive feedback between mass transfer rate and CB disk mass that can lead to mass transfer rates of ~10-8 to 10-7 M☉ yr-1. This mechanism may be responsible for causing the range of variation of mass transfer rates in CVs. In particular, it may explain rates inferred for the nova-like variables and the supersoft X-ray binary systems observed near the upper edge of the period gap (P ~ 3-4 hr), as well as the spread in mass transfer rates above and below the period gap. Consequences and the possible observability of such disks are discussed.


Outages and blackouts do occur in the power systems operations. In the case of blackouts, there is no adjacent network available to assist the restoration process. This Paper Analyses the performance of different wind energy systems during black start or restoration of micro grid. Black start of an islanded micro grid was observed connecting three wind generators i.e. asynchronous generators, DFIG and PMSG respectively. Simulation studies have been carried out in IEEE-399-1997 system. Results show that among three wind generators PMSG is suitable for black starting a micro grid whereas asynchronous wind generator and DFIG fail to provide satisfactory performance.


Introduction:The most common method of resolving substantial tooth size-arch length discrepancies (TSALD) is extraction of premolars followed by space closure that involves distal movement of anterior teeth, mesial movement of posterior teeth, or a combination of both. The palate is an important area to describe change during premolar extractions, especially the palatal rugae due to their supposed uniqueness and overall stability1. The aim of this study was to measure changes in the positions of the incisors and molars, relative to the palatal rugae and the changes in arch width relative to the mid palatine raphe. Materials and methods:It was a retrospective study of 90 treated cases, 30 cases each of 3 different types of malocclusion from the Department of Orthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University.Measurements from the dental study models were compared to the values obtained from the lateral cephalograms after digitising with a view box software.arch width changes were also assessed .conclusion: Measurements obtained from the study models were comparable to measurements from the lateral cephalogram for and so superimposition of progressive study models can also be used to assess antero posterior tooth movements as with maxillary cephalometric superimpositions, which indeed provides us with a cost effective alternative.


Applying life cycle assessment in PCB (printed circuit board) production, most of environmental impacts come from outside-factory-process due to power generation, especially, and other raw material productions. Relatively, small environmental impacts of inside-factory-process make it difficult to compare them. To overcome this problem, allocating environmental impacts of outside-factory-process on inside-factory-process. It helps to identify the environmental impacts of each process and find sources of environmental impacts.


AbstractThe role of the Competent Authority as a key figure in implementing the Regulations and in assuring compliance with them at both national and international levels is outlined. The paper describes the main duties involved in the Competent Authority's day-to-day work in its aim of achieving safety in the transport of radioactive materials. The contribution of the Radioactive Transport Study Group — an autonomous association of national Competent Authorities — is also described.


Economic choices are constrained not only by the technological, informational, and income limits but by institutional factors such as social norm, habits, and customs. In other words, institutional environments can be constraints on strategies. Interestingly, the institutional perspective provides different viewpoints to explain competitive advantage and organizational performance, So far, negative aspects have been often emphasized in the institutional perspective. However, the institutional perspective has positive aspects as well. Institutional environments can be constraints as well as opportunities to generate competitive advantage, which allows organizations to enhance performance, This study examines a unique organizational strategy to decrease uncertainty regarding external environments and increase performance, In specific, strategic conformity is introduced as a key factor determining organizational performance under institutional environments. Also. the interesting Microsoft case is discussed regarding organizational conformity to institutional environments to enhance performance.


. The accurate simulation of climate is always critically important and also a challenge. This study introduces an improved method of the Globally Resolved Energy Balance Model (GREB) by the Bayesian Networks based on the concept of coarse-fine model. The improved method constructs a coarse-fine structure that combines a dynamical model with a statistical model based on employing the GREB model as the global framework, and utilizing a Bayesian Networks constructed on the 5 interrelationships between internal climate variables of the GREB model to achieve local optimization. To objectively validate the performance and generalization of the improved method, the method is applied to the simulation of surface temperature and temperature of the atmosphere based on the 3.75 ◦ × 3.75 ◦ global data sets by Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/ National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) from 1985 to 2014. The results demonstrate that the improved model exhibits higher average accuracy and lower spatial differentiation than the original GREB model, and is robustness in long-term simulations. 10 This approach addresses issues with the accuracy of the GREB model in local areas, which can be attributed to an over-reliance on boundary and initial conditions, and a lack of fully using observed data. Additionally, it overcomes the challenge of poor robustness in statistical models due to ambiguous climate inclusions. Thus, the improved method provides a promising way to give reliable and stable simulation of climate


information technology can not only reflected in the maintenance of the office environment, but also can create a good office culture; statistic is in an enterprise data accumulation and state data, advantages and functions also can reflect the importance of information technology; information technology can also be reflected in the enterprise standard management and government policies.


Objective To explore the impacts of drink on immunity of Erythrocytes in adult and its regulation.Methods Four indexes were determined:the forming rates of red blood cell C3b receptor rosette(RBC-C3bRR),red blood cell immune complex rosette(RBC-ICR),the enhancing activities of factor(EF) and inhibitory factor(IF) of erythrocytes.Drinker group(94 cases,healthy adult) and non-drinker control group(62 cases,healthy adult) were observed.Results Significant lower forming rate of RBC-C3bRR and activity of EF,significant higher forming rate of RBC-ICR were found in drinker group as compared with non-drinker group(P0.01).Furthermore,the correlative analysis showed that the forming rate of RBC-C3bRR and the EF activity had a significant negative correlation with the amount and duration of drinking,howevr,the forming rates of RBC-ICR and EF activity had a significant positive correlation with the amount and duration of drinking.Conclusion Drinking had a secondary deterioration on the immunity and its regulation function.


To foster active applicants for Party membership is an important tas k of the Party organization in the college.In order to accomplish this task with success in the new historical period,the following steps need to be taken:(1)em ancipating the mind;(2)intensifying theoretical education;(3)paying more attenti on to the fostering and observation of active applicants for Party membership in various activities;(4)strengthening network education in the Party school;(5)pr oviding more opportunities for student Party members and active applicants for P arty membership to exchange their ideas;(6)standardizing the observation procedu res;(7)selecting objects early and fostering them early;and (8)combining the mai ntenance of a strict standard with target training.Only by doing so,is it possib le to add more reserve forces to the Party organization of the college.


Objective
To compare the effect of occupy effects of tumor in situ before surgery(OETS) and after neurosurgery (ANS) on neuroendocrine dysfunction and grading of neuroendocrine function in children with craniopharyngioma.

Methods
The grading evaluation criteria of neuroendocrine dysfunction in children with craniopharyngioma were drew up according to references and the endocrine feedback principle. Based on these grading evaluation criteria, the clinical date of 227 cases of children with craniopharyngioma who underwent neurosurgical treatment were retrospectively studied. These children were divided into pre-pubertal group (167 cases) and pubertal group (60 cases). The neuroendocrine impairment status before and after the surgery were evaluated separately.

Results
Among 227 children with craniopharyngioma, after the surgery, the incidence of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid dysfunction increased from 16.74% (38/227) to 67.40% (153/227), the incidence of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland dysfunction increased from 14.54% (33/227) to 44.49% (101/227), and the the incidence of pituitary function impairment increased from 17.62%(40/227) to 21.15%(48/227). Meanwhile, the incidence of body temperature dysregulation, sleeping disorder, personality abnormality and cognitive abnormality all increased after the surgery. The scoring and grading on neuroendocrine dysfunction in pre-pubertal group were increased after the surgery (Z=-5.20, P<0.01; Z=-4.94, P<0.01,). The scoring and grading on neuroendocrine dysfunction in pubertal group were increased after the surgery(Z=-4.10, P<0.01; Z=-4.25, P<0.01).

Conclusions
Both the mass effect of tumor in situ of craniopharyngioma and the neurosurgical treatment can be harmful to the neuroendocrine function. Even though the surgery can remove the mass effect of tumor in situ in the saddle area, it can increase the level of grading of neuroendocrine dysfunction. The status of neuroendocrine dysfunction can be evaluated by the grading evaluation criteria of neuroendocrine dysfunction in children with craniopharyngioma, which then provides an effective evaluation tool for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of neuroendocrine function.

Key words:
Craniopharyngioma; Child; Neuroendocrine; Function evaluation


This paper presents the design and implementation of a rectifier for piezoelectric energy harvesting based on the parallel-synchronized-switch harvesting-on-inductor (P-SSHI) technique, also known as bias flip circuit[1]. The circuit is implemented with 0.25 μm CMOS high voltage process with only 0.9648 mm2 chip area. Post-layout simulation of the circuit shows the circuit extracts 336% more power compared with the full-bridge rectifier. The system's average control power loss is 26 μW while operating with a self-made MEMS piezoelectric transducer with output current 25 μA 120Hz and internal capacitance 6.45nF. The output power is 43.42 μW under optimal load of 1.5 MΩ.


Contact rolling resistance is the most widely used method to incorporate particle shape effects in the discrete element method (DEM). The main reason for this is that such approach allows for using spherical particles hence offering substantial computational benefits compared to non-spherical DEM models. This paper shows how rolling resistance parameters for 3D DEM models can be easily calibrated with 2D sand grain images.


This study aims at determining the influence of activated carbon masses of Sonokeling wood on the absorption of heavy metals of chromium and zinc from simulated waste using Batch method and the influence of simulated waste concentrations of Cr and Zn on the activated carbon absorption of Sonokeling wood. This research was conducted by using Batch method in which an activated carbon was put in simulated waste and then stirred continuously for 15 minutes. After that, the waste was settled for 30 minutes, taken the clear liquid only and filtered. This treatment was repeated each time with varied activated carbon masses of 5grams, 10grams, 15grams, 20grams, and 25 grams. Simulated waste concentrations were varied at 0.01 M, 0.02 M, and 0.03 M. To determine the activated carbon absorption of Sonokeling wood in the simulated waste, Cr and Zn were analyzed by using AAS. Research results showed that the activated carbons affected the efficiency of simulated waste absorption of Cr and Zn. The absorption efficiency for Cr waste tended to increase with absorbent mass increases in the activated carbon masses of Sonokeling wood of 16-20 with the highest evaporation rate at the mass of 15 grams, (55.4 1.0) % and the EP decrease occurred at the mass of 25 gr. The lowest absorption efficiency occurred at the mass of 5 grams that was equal to (5.1 1.0) %. Keywords : activated carbon, adsorption, Cr and Zn Year : 2009


The semi-crystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin films were prepared by using casting method.The thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and atomic force microscopy(AFM).The results showed that the phase transition of PVDF thin films is α → δ→ β phase during electric poling.According to ferroelectric hysteresis loops performance of the thin films,it could be found that the trend of remnant polarization Pr increased with electric field intensity was coincident with Boltzmann distributing function.And the Boltzmann equation indicated that the confines of electric field intensity brought the maximal remnant polarization Pr was 105~125MV/m,the maximal remnant polarization Pr could attain 6μC/cm2.


educator. Jacqua is a co-founder of Omega Boys Club, a program that currently serves over 12,000 youth in schools, colleges, and detention centers. Omega has its own community center, offers a range of classes at its Leadership Academy and inside prisons, provides individual counseling for inmates, and hosts a training institute for practitioners who want to work on combatting violence in their own communities. Jacqua utilizes peer education (i.e., asking those who have ''been there'' to teach), love for those he works with, spirituality, listening closely, and holding people to very high standards to empower his students. In Learning to Liberate, Vajra Watson uses Jacqua, Watson, Corpuz, and Damian's stories to provide a carefully researched answer to the schooling failures that well-intentioned educational reforms have so far been unable to repair. She makes a compelling argument against the ''intellectual violence'' schools visit upon their students in the form of low expectations, irrelevant curriculum, and strict discipline policies that can and do push young people out of school and into the streets. Rather than offering piecemeal policy changes, Watson suggests a ''deeper paradigm shift rooted in the very purpose of school'' (p. 11). Her in-depth portraits of four urban educators offer a clear vision of what that paradigm shift looks like. Dereca Blackmon, Rudy Corpuz, Jr., Victor Damian, and Jack Jacqua may emphasize communication, community, compassion, and commitment differently, but they all balance these priorities. Each of these educators draws on a series of practices that their years in the field demonstrate can work with highrisk youth. They disrupt didactic teaching practices and replace them with reciprocal learning strategies. They empower youth to become community-building leaders in their own neighborhoods. They listen to youth carefully (or do what Corpuz calls ''ear hustlin'') and allow student perspectives to guide the learning process. They hold students to high academic standards. They allow youth to develop and articulate their own visions for success. They prioritize low student-to-teacher ratios. They bring street life into classrooms without glorifying or demonizing it so that lessons are relevant to students' experiences. Finally, they build and maintain open, genuine, and trusting teacher-student relationships. As Watson convincingly argues, these approaches, when embodied in or offered as a supplement to classrooms with teachers highly trained in academic content, have the potential to ''. . . not only break the cycle of social reproduction in the lives of poor urban youth; [but] replace it with social resistance'' (p. 6).


The results of an analysis performed on seven successive Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) static test firings, utilizing envelope detection of external accelerometer data are discussed. The results clearly show the great potential for using envelope detection techniques in SSME incipient failure detection.


Abstract The Profile of Mood States (POMS) is a self-report inventory that has been used by numerous researchers attempting to identify the personality states that reliably differentiate athletes of differing levels of ability. The paper began by reviewing the studies by Nagle, Morgan, Hellichn, serfass, and Alexander (1975). Morgan and Pollock (1977), and Morgan and Johnson (1978). These studies popularized the use of the POMS in the sport setting The review highlighted the fact that the POMS was orighally employed as one of several psychological inventories desighed to assess an athlete's state of mental health. Specifically, these studies hypothesized that successfid athletes would possess more positive emotional and mental health than unsuccessfid athletes. With respect to the POMS this would be reflected by successful athletes scoring lower than unsuccessfid athletes on the scales of depression, tension, anger, fatigue, and confusion and higher than unsuccessful athletes on the scale of vigor. The PO...


The geometries of AX_m(A=C,Si;X=H,F,Cl,Br,I ;m≤4) molecules are optimized by means of AM1 method,respectively.The EHOMO,ELUMO and the standard molar heats of formation are obtained.I t is found that linear relationship between observed maximum wavelengths of absorptions and the energy differences of the frontier orbital is well.At the same time,the standard molar heats of formation of these compounds have a direct relat ionship with X/R~m.


With the progress and development of modern technology, network technology gradually gained widespread popularity in all walks of life. And an important part of modern enterprise financial management as an integral part of the production process, only on the current model of financial management innovation and improvement, combined with advanced computer network technology, so Chinese enterprises to make effective financial management mode innovation, promoting greater effect to enhance the efficiency of financial management and management quality. In this paper, on the current model of corporate financial management brief analysis of the problems, and on this basis to explore an effective way of innovation and development under the network environment of financial management mode, hoping to bring some help to the development of Chinese enterprises.


An Analysis of The Factors of Malaysian Women's Involvement in The Movement of Religious Extremism. Abstract The issue of religious violence is indeed the biggest problem that Muslims must face to this date. It has damaged the image of Islam in the eyes of the world. The development of this movement is driven by various factors whether internal or external. In addition, it also involves women as combatants as well as victims of war. In this regard, this study will discuss the factors of Malaysian women's involvement in the movement of religious extremism, in particular involving Malaysian women's participation in the ISIS movement in Syria and Iraq. Usually, it involves various factors whether it is internal or external that causes them to be easily influenced by this movement. In order to achieve these objectives, this qualitative study was conducted through library approach and interviews with the deradicalization experts, case witnesses and police authorities. The data collected were analysed inductively to formulate the findings. The findings show that Malaysian women's involvement in religious extremism is driven by a variety of factors, including ignorance and extreme bigotry, but are tricked by sweet promises such as heavenly reward and marriage with the male fighter. They are easily exploited and manipulated by the male fighters. Therefore, women's involvement in extremist groups should be constrained accordingly.


Hello! I'm sorry to be late to the group but my name is Brianna Grippo and I am a Collaborative major here at SCSU. My concentration


Nowadays,many people have already put their eyes on how to buildup and evolve the third generation of the mobile communication system.LTE systems not only requires enhancing performance,but also have to take other important aspects into consideration,such as coexistence on adjacent channels with existing 3G systems.Now the frame structure parameters to buildup and evolve TD SCDMA system,which is presented by CATT,receive much attention.Based on the parameters,this paper presents a new frame structure of evolved TDD system based on OFDM,which can meet the requirement of coexistence with existing 3G systems and has more throughput and frequency efficiency.The simulation shows that with short CP the new parameters performance excels the parameters of CATT and with long CP the performance of these two parameters are almost equal.


Frequency-power trade-off characteristics of various linear modulation schemes are calculated, compared, and discussed under the peak power constraint in transmission systems employing power amplification after filtering. By considering realizability of practical systems, the roll-off factor is confined to the range of 0.3 to 1.0.

For the case where the allocation of cosine roll-off characteristics to transmitter and receiver is optimized to obtain maximum power efficiency for a specified frequency efficiency, it is found that, in modulation schemes without coding, OQPSK, π/4QPSK, 7HEX, 12CROSS, 19HEX, and 37HEX are optimal in increasing order of frequency efficiency. Trellis-coded 8 PSK of four states has almost the same power efficiency as OQPSK in the range of small frequency efficiency and is almost as efficient as π/4QPSK in the range of large frequency efficiency. Trellis-coded 16QAM of four states has almost the same power efficiency as 7HEX, and trellis-coded 32CROSS has better power efficiency than uncoded 12CROSS and 19HEX. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 80 (4): 62–71, 1996


For ages, the fantasy Ž gure of the wild man has spoken to the imagination of Europeans. Together with his wife and children this longhaired and speechless antipode of civilised man lived in inhospitable woods and groves where he led a frugal and beastly existence. Sometimes the wild man became aggressive towards humans and assaulted them, but he could also act as their aid and mate. In a number of splendid publications the Mexican anthropologis t Bartra has dealt with the origin and meaning of this fantasmatic Ž gure from Europe's popular culture. For a long time, it was thought that the wild man really lived in rough and remote regions, but gradually the idea developed that this strange creature, which aroused fear and fascinated at the same time, stood for unconscious and unknown aspects of one's own personality. Thus Dudley writes about the numerous tales of search for the wild man: 'In all these stories the hero penetrates a symbolic 'heart of darkness' and Ž nds some sort of frightful demon Ž gure, only to discover ultimately some truth about himself. The Wild Man is in essence some forgotten potency of his own personality'. Especially during Romanticism serious efforts were made to learn more about this fearsome but nevertheless fascinating wild man inside. This stimulated some to embark on 'scientiŽ c voyages into the uncivilised—and previously ignored—unconscious'. This 'interiorization' of the wild man coincided with 'the disappearance of the dark places of the planet'. Before one started looking for the wild man in the caverns and crevices of the self, so-called savages elsewhere in the world attracted the attention of explorers, traders, missionaries, and (colonial) ofŽ cials and became objects of curiosity and description. During the nineteenth century, anthropology gradually came into existence and ever since anthropologist s have made it their job to study (facets of) the societies and cultures of 'primitives' and 'savages' outside Europe. Though they advertised themselves as scientists and held positions at universities for developing what they claimed to be a scientiŽ c discipline, some anthropologist s made, right from the start, ample use of their imagination and literary talents when they vividly described, analyzed, and interpreted the lives of 'wild men' all over the world and published readable books about their Ž ndings. This—the use of imagination by anthropologist s who emphatically stated that they were engaged in objective science—was one of the reasons why some of them were scorned for being fantasts who, just like writers of Ž ction, were guilty of producing untrue representations of reality and of the other. Here we touch upon a classic question regarding the relation between


Abstract : This bibliography lists many of the papers in the international published geological geomorphological and soils literature that discuss the chemical weathering of rocks often considered non-soluble. Emphasis is placed on granitic rocks. Keywords: Chemical weathering; Granitic rocks; Geomorphology; Soils; Geology.


As the gradual development of Land Leasing Business,a lot of problems were born in land sale market,which obstructing the development of Land Leasing Business,as well as causing bad influence on the credibility of the government.In this paper,firstly,we analyzed the problems existed in both Land Leasing Business and Land Resources Management,stated the positive effect of land information on Corruption Prevention,secondly,designed a Platform of Land Resources Trading through network,elaborating the function modules and the design ideas of the system,as well as analyzing the design of the system safety.On the one hand,the new system can have a good effect on the development of the work of land management department through optimizing the process of the land resources sale,on the other hand,it also can help to carry out the government's anti-corruption work.


Figures, Maps, and Tables Acknowledgments Introduction 1. The North West Passage by Land 2. Managing a New Region 3. George Simpson and a New Pacific Commerce 4. Nature Here Demands Attention 5. From Fort Vancouver to the Vermilion Sea 6. The North West Coast 7. New Markets for New Exports 8. Columbia Country Produce 9. Beyond the Mere Traffic in Peltries 10. Crisis in the Fur Trade 11. Simpson's Reorganization 12. The Native Foundation of Trade and Labour Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index


Let Ebe an equivalence on a finite set X,and OIE*(X)be the semigroup consisting of all order-preserving strictly partial one-one transformations of type E,then we characterized the maximal inverse subsemigroup of OIE*(X)under certain assumptions.


Abstract It has been seven years since the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) was introduced in Australia and four years since the National Quality Standard (NQS) was implemented. To gain insight into how educators are understanding practice in the Australian early childhood and care context, the study draws on a praxeological frame where educators have the opportunity to inquire and critically reflect on practice in a supported research environment. Data were analysed using critical discourse analysis, enabling a close examination of participant reflections and understandings about practice. Findings reveal that educators are confident when describing their teaching using familiar educational discourse, whereas educators were apprehensive when confronted with new and unfamiliar concepts. The third finding illustrates the ways educators gain confidence with unfamiliar policy discourse. The study's findings add to limited empirical evidence about how early childhood educators understand key concepts introduced by the EYLF and NQS.


[Objective]The paper aimed to study the optimum conditions of alkali protease hydrolyzing Xanthoceras sorbifolia protein.[Method]Substrate concentration,pH value,temperature,enzyme dosage and hydrolysis time were selected as influence factors,and the degree of hydrolysis as evaluation value for the single factor analysis.Response surface methodology(RSM) was used to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of alkali protease based on these factors.And the optimum conditions were subjected to verification test.[Result]The optimum conditions were as follows: substrate concentration 5%,enzyme dosage 4%,pH value 9.0.Under these conditions,the degree of hydrolysis was 19.75%.[Conclusion]The paper could supply technical parameters for future researches and development of X.sorbifolia protein.


Objective To detect the expressions of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs(RECK) and matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) in osteosarcoma,and explore their correlation with the occurrence,development,invasion,and metastasis of the tumor. Methods PV-6000 immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expressions of RECK and MMP-2 in 30 samples of osteosarcoma with complete clinicopathological data,and another 10 cases of osteochondroma served as a control. Results The expression rate of RECK in osteosarcoma was low(30.0%),and that in osteochondroma was high(80.0%),the difference between them being significant(χ2=5.76,P0.05).The expression of MMP-2 in osteosarcoma was high(76.7%),and that in osteochondroma was low(10.0%),the difference between them was also significant(χ2=11.25,P0.05).The expression of RECK was negatively correlated with that of MMP-2 in osteosarcoma(r=-0.84,P0.05). Conclusion In osteosarcoma,the expression of RECK is low,and expression of MMP-2 is high.RECK and MMP-2 may be served as important markers to predict the infiltration and metastasis of this malignancy.


A building maintainability (BM) approach is the only plausible solution to balance a decreasing budget and increasing standards of modern commercial buildings. There is no decision‐analysis framework for BM management while many objective and subjective parameters add to its complexity and hinder direct comparison of various building systems contributing to overall BM. A model was developed to compare nine major building systems, namely: basement, facade, wet area, roof, sanitary plumbing, HVAC, elevator, electrical and fire protection system. Analytical hierarchy process was chosen to address complex BM parameters. From a questionnaire survey and face‐to‐face interviews with 37 experts in facilities management, BM was found to depend on technical viability of services and business profile controlled by building height and location respectively. For various location–height combinations, individual sets of priorities were derived for each building system and the results were supported logically. HVAC was the highest contributor to BM followed by elevator and facade. The proposed generic method can be directly applied to both new and existing commercial buildings in Singapore and extended to other building types or climate. This precise but simple platform for multi‐criteria decision analysis promises higher BM and economic returns for any commercial property.


The present invention discloses a sand mold without CNC machining method of forming an iron coated sand mold, the method comprising the steps of: establishing a desired sand CAD model; extracting sand pocket in optimized profile, to establish the sand blank CAD model; the sand blank CAD model, molding sand (2) accumulated in the iron mold (1); on the molding sand tamping, measuring, repair sand blank until the sand blank size near its CAD model dimension; sand inside to be iron parison cured NC then subjected to molding sand. The method of the present invention has a simple process, easy to implement, low pollution, high efficiency advantages.


The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) is an astrophysics satellite currently being designed to provide high spectral resolving power ((lambda) /(Delta) (lambda) approximately equals 30,000) observations in the interval 853 - 1248 angstrom, and moderate resolving power ((lambda) /(Delta) (lambda) > 500) over the extended interval 800 - 1600 angstrom. It consists of four co-aligned normal incidence mirrors which illuminate separate Rowland circle spectrograph channels with holographic gratings and delay line microchannel plate detectors. Two telescope mirrors are made of chemical vapor deposited SiC on a reaction bonded SiC substrate, and the remaining two have an Al+LiF coating on Zerodur substrates. The off-axis parabolic mirrors have stringent reflectivity, imaging, lightweighting, and mounting requirements. Important aspects of the optical and mechanical design are discussed, including the surface accuracy requirements on different spatial scales, from microroughness to full figure errors. Also discussed are the mirror lightweighting requirements.


of going to war or how armed forces act in a war raise questions of jus ad bellum and jus in bello; nor the fact that, in terms of decisions to be taken, the act of going to war has always been more a matter for strategic decision-makers, whereas how armed forces go about their business on the battlefield is a matter for everyone who bears a weapon. But there is good reason to argue that in the first decade of the twenty-first century the ethical challenges facing members of the armed forces are both more numerous and more complex than in the past. The type of operations on which armed forces now routinely find themselves – irregular operations, that is to say operations other than those against the armed forces of another state – are characterised by four things in particular: complexity, ambiguity, uncertainty and volatility. These characteristics in turn present inherently different ethical challenges, particularly for commanders. This is not to say that regular warfare does not present commanders on the battlefield with ethical challenges; it does, and the decisions required can be tough. But the very fact that it takes place on a battlefield, between uniformed armed forces, and where non-combatants are relatively easy to identify, makes many of the ethical issues rather simpler in comparison with those inherent in irregular warfare. As a company commander in the 1982 Falklands Conflict, the most significant ethical decision that confrontedme was at what stage to stop firing on an enemy who was running away, whereas in irregular conflicts I can recall a whole set of more complex situations where decisions were far harder to make. At the same time, and although the "rules"which govern armed conflict – such as the Geneva Convention and the Law of Armed Conflict – apply to armed forces conducting counter-insurgencies, they cannot hope to provide a prescription for every situation in a type of conflict which is inherently unpredictable, complex and riddled with Defense & Security Analysis Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 345–347, December 2008


Papillary cystadenoma is a relatively rare salivary gland tumor which has been reported sometimes in association with minor salivary glands.Here, we report a case of papillary cystadenoma of minor salivary gland origin located in the floor of the mouth, in a 59-year-old woman. The patient complained of swelling of the floor of the mouth. During the course of the first medical examination, a circumscribed, elastic hard, movable, dark reddish oval mass was found in the floor of the mouth just by the lower right wisdom tooth, measuring 12×13mm.Clinically an hemangioma was suspected. Under general anesthesia, the lesion was totally excised. Histologically, sections revealed a small and a large cystlike cavities lined with tall, eosinophilic granular epithelial cells disposed in papillary projections filling the lumen. Histopathologically it was diagnosed as a papillary cystadenoma.There was no evidence of recurrence in the patient 7 months after the operation.


A multi-level layered cellular radio architecture serves mobile subscriber stations moving within the system. Best server selection is performed for the mobile stations by assigning within each cell a preference value to each other one of the cells with which is associated by proximity of service area. The strength of the radio signal received by the mobile from the serving cell as well as the radio channels of associated cells is measured. A decision as to the best serving cell for the mobile station is made based upon both the preference value of the associated cells and the signal strength of their respective radio channels.


Objective: The importance of this research work is to design a library of novel coumarin derivatives by docking evaluation of the designed coumarin derivatives as squalene synthase inhibitor.Methods: The three-dimensional structure of designed molecules of squalene synthase inhibitors was collected from Protein Data Bank. The designed molecules were docked onto the enzymes that are squalene synthase inhibitor - 3WCM, 3WCJ, and 3Q2Z protein using SYBYL-X 2.1. Using a standard protocol, the protein was subjected to minimization and protomol generation.Results: By this method, we visualized the possible binding and also estimated the protein interactions with our intended coumarin library, using SYBYL-X 2.1 software. Into the active site of the selected enzymes, all the 20 coumarins were docked and then the docking scores revealed that the compounds possess high affinity toward the selected enzymes.Conclusion: With the help of virtual evaluation, we have elaborated a fast synthetically accessible coumarin-based compounds, and it is an advanced and original scaffold in the area of probable human squalene synthase inhibitors. Some of the developed compounds show better binding property than ligand, and in 3q2Z, the compound 5d shows better binding property than the protein. Furthermore, 6g and 6c have good binding property. In 3 WCM, the compound 6f has better property. In 3 WCJ, the compounds 6g and 6f show better binding property than the protein.


A fuel tank 12 is made by joining together two thermoformed shell portions 16 and 18, a reservoir assembly 22 being fixed to one shell portion before the two portions are joined so that the size of the reservoir assembly 22 is not limited by the size of an access aperture 20 in the upper shell portion 16. The shell portions are formed from sheets of plastics, e.g. high-density polyethylene. The reservoir is fixed either by welding mounting feet onto the lower shell portion 18 or (Fig. 19) suspending it from pillars welded to the undersurface of the upper portion 16. A fuel pump, fuel filter and fuel pressure regulator are removably mounted in the reservoir assembly 22 through the access aperture 20.


In recent years, the interests of the vulnerable groups have attracted widespread concern in the society and the policy on orphan drugs has been fiercely discussed. But the current system and policies of our country have lower understanding level on orphan drugs and also have shortage of thinking about how to define it, thus the rights and interests of research development are difficult to be protected. This paper analyzed the standards and basis of the definition of orphan drugs in the world and explored the orphan drug development ideas, in order to provide references for concept defining and policy making of orphan drugs in our country.


In this paper, a facile synthesis of water‐resistant CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite microspheres (CsPbBr3@PMMA) is reported. The method is based on the precipitation polymerization of methyl methacrylate in hexane in the presence of CsPbBr3 PQDs and stabilizer. The CsPbBr3@PMMA microspheres show a tunable size and a narrow size distribution, with the CsPbBr3 PQDs being uniformly dispersed in the PMMA microspheres. The effective incorporation of PQDs is attributed to the strong coordination interactions between Pb ions on the surface of PQDs and carbonyl groups (CO) from PMMA. Based on this mechanism, multicolor composite microspheres can be easily prepared through absorbing CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) PQDs into blank PMMA microspheres. Protected by the PMMA microspheres, the imbedded CsPbBr3 PQDs show improved water resistance and storage stability. Further, a wide‐color‐gamut (129%) white light‐emitting diode (LED) is demonstrated by combining the green‐emitting CsPbBr3@PMMA composite microspheres and red‐emitting K2SiF6: Mn4+ with a blue LED, which enables to be used as backlights for liquid crystal displays.


With the pandemic of COVID-19, the routine work of surgeons has been reduced to release resources to critical care and other functions. This is necessary and right, in order to protect the health of our communities now. As a consequence, many of us who undertake clinical research have seen our work suspended. With a rich portfolio of colorectal research, this includes studies such as ROSSINI2, PITSTOP, & MASH, and has delayed the start of other important studies such as ELF 2 and Damascus]. When we return to something akin to normality, we shall be looking to re-establish the studies in a timely manner. Funders have generally been flexible with regards to the disruption and have provided guidance on how the disruption might be managed1 . There is no doubt that they may be asked to provide additional support for studies in progress, which may impact future funding opportunities.


In this paper seismic vulnerability and risk of a sample of churches, located in Teramo and Ischia island (Naples gulf), both affected by the last Italian earthquakes, is presented. To this aim, it is applied a simplified assessment method particularly suitable for seismic evaluations at a territorial scale, providing a global score to be compared among the cases analysed. The data obtained allow us of plotting vulnerability maps and of providing a seismic risk index for all the considered churches. In addition, the calculated indexes permit a preliminary health state evaluation of the inspected churches, for ranking the priorities and planning additional in depth-evaluations.


Whither is the insolvent wage earner going presents a problem that should be of importance to all, including the legal profession, who are interested in such social and economic factors as are interwoven with the law. Although four possible solutions are discussed, the primary objective hereof is to stimulate concerned and interested thinking in an effort to halt, and if possible cure, a seemingly cancerous growth in our economic and legal systems.


The name "arenoviruses" is proposed for the newly defined taxonomic group containing lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Lassa, and the Tacaribe complex viruses.


We present SEAN 2.0, an open-source system designed to advance social navigation via the training and benchmarking of navigation policies in varied social contexts. A key limitation of current social navigation research is that policies are often trained and evaluated considering only a few social contexts, which are fragmented across prior work. Inspired by work in psychology, we describe navigation context based on social situations, which encompass the robot task and environmental factors, and propose logic-based classifiers for five common examples. SEAN 2.0 allows a robot to experience these social situations via different methods for specifying and generating pedestrian motion, including a novel Behavior Graph method. Our experiments show that when data collected using the Behavior Graph method is used to learn a robot navigation policy, that policy outperforms others trained using alternative methods for pedestrian control. Also, social situations were found to be useful for understanding performance across social contexts. Other components of SEAN 2.0 include vision and depth sensors, several physical environments, different means of specifying robot tasks, and a range of evaluation metrics for social robot navigation. User feedback for SEAN 2.0 indicated that the system was "easier to navigate and more user friendly" than SEAN 1.0.


As to the train flow direction in marshalling scheme, a process of visual illumination based on the vector diagrams of the freight traffic station is discussed in this paper. Special emphasis is placed on the acquirement and the adjustment in accuracy of data as well as on the computerized process of such visual illumination. The application by Yangcheng Railroad Group has greatly proved it an effectual process.


Corrosion studies of Al-Li alloys are not so extensive and concentrate almost exclusively on atmospheric exposure tests and accelerated laboratory tests due to the fact they provide a reasonable approximation to the real behaviour of the alloy in service conditions. This paper attempts to establish a correlation between the evolution of the impedance diagrams and the process of the attack undergone by a commercial 8090 T8171 alloy, with the aim of establishing the kinetics of the corrosion process. After 100 h of immersion, samples showed only a slight intergranular attack. As a result of the low aggressiveness of the solution no major deviations from the ideal behaviour described by the Randles circuit are expected in the impedance plots. After 50 hours of testing, the impedance diagram evolves towards two semicircles which seem to be related with the charge transfer and ionic migration through the oxide layer and the adsorption of electrolytre anions.


Meloxicam is widely prescribed as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug in human therapeutics. Owing the very low aqueous solubility of meloxicam, this property has been studied in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-aqueous solvent systems at several temperatures from 273.15 to 313.15 K to expand the solubility database about analgesic drugs in mixed solvents. The flask shake method followed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry analysis were used for meloxicam solubility determinations. A number of cosolvency models, including the Jouyban–Acree model, were challenged for solubility correlation/prediction of this drug in these mixtures. The van't Hoff and Gibbs equations were employed to calculate the apparent standard thermodynamic quantities relative to dissolution and mixing processes. The inverse Kirkwood–Buff integral method was employed for calculating the preferential solvation parameters of meloxicam by DMSO in the mixtures. Meloxicam solubility increases with increasing temperature and maximum solubilities are observed in neat DMSO at all temperatures studied. Dissolution processes were endothermic in all cases and entropy-driven in the composition interval of 0.40 ≤ x1 ≤ 1.00. A nonlinear enthalpy–entropy relationship was observed in the plot of enthalpy vs. Gibbs energy for drug transfer processes. Meloxicam is preferentially solvated by water in water-rich mixtures but preferentially solvated by DMSO in the composition interval of 0.21 < x1 < 1.00.


To solve the problem of ignored product quality in cost-tolerance model,a multi-objective model of tolerance design was presented,which was based on Taguchi's quality view and the conception of Pareto optimum set.Manufacturing cost and quality loss were both taken as design objectives,which were subject to assembly success rate of statistical tolerance,and the obtained tolerance zone was looser than the worst tolerance's.The traditional particle swarm optimization was improved,the particle was redefined according to the conception of Pareto optimum,and then the fast non-dominant sorting technology was adopted to sequence the particles by their fitness values,so multi-objective model of tolerance design could be solved by the improved algorithm.Used to engineering example,only through one operation good Pareto optimum set was obtained.Solutions could be selected according to manufacturing reality and market demand.Based on analysis of Pareto front,the tolerance design characteristics of this kind of part could be got,and the general laws of tolerance design were also validated by results.


A study was made of time and spectral-time characteristics of the radiation emitted from pure and doped cadmium sulfide subjected to high rates of excitation (1027 – 1028 cm−3sec−1) at 300 °K. The radiative transition times were determined for various recombination channels: τex = (11–12)×10−9 sec for the exciton mechanism accompanied by the emission of one or two phonons; τib = 6×10−9 sec for the interband mechanism (when the nonequilibrium carrier density was Δn = 1×1018 cm−3); τimp = (1–3)×10−9 sec for the mechanism involving shallow impurities. The interband radiative recombination coefficient Bib = 1.55×10−10 cm3/sec (Δn ~ 1018 cm−3), the critical density for the Mott transition ncr = 6.5 ×1017 cm−3, and the coefficient representing the binding of carriers into excitons γex ≈ 10−8 cm3/sec were determined.


Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect on different ways of insulin treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes.Methods: A retrospective analysis was made collecting 60 cases of patients with type 1 diabetes in our hospital from 2010.06 to 2012.10.All the patients were treated in two different ways of drug delivery: continuous subcutaneous injection of insulin pump and subcutaneous injection of insulin in several times,then the following indicators to judge the treatment effect were examined: time of glycemic control,dosage of insulin,the frequency of hypoglycaemia.Results:(1) The differences of time of glycemic control in two groups were statistically significant(P0.05),the differences between insulin dosage which was using in two groups of patients were statistically significant(P 0.05).(2) The frequency of hypoglycaemia in patients between two groups was significant statistical difference(P0.01).Conclusion: The continuous subcutaneous injection of insulin pump is the best treatment for glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes.


An electronic circuit is provided to effectively cool a printed circuit board and components by forming a direct heat dissipation path from a printed circuit board to a cooling medium. An electronic circuit includes at least one printed circuit board(12) for wiring of components of the electronic circuit. The printed circuit board has at least one flat side(22), and a heat sink(26) is thermally coupled to the flat side. The heat sink has at least one coolant duct(24), and the flat side of the printed circuit board is immediately adjacent to the coolant duct. The flat side adjacent to the coolant duct is formed by a metal layer. The printed circuit board is a direct copper bonding substrate, and the flat side adjacent to the coolant duct is designed for a structure enlarging a cooling surface thereof.


The utility model relates to a fluorescent tube with coating on the inner wall and relates to the fluorescent lamp field. The utility model aims at solving the problems of the prior art that more black sodium amalgam generate, the lumen output of a lamp is reduced and the lumen depreciation is poor. Water diluent material of nanometer titanium dioxide is used for coating the inner wall of the florescent tube. And a film structure is formed, the internal of which is lamp inner wall glass and the external of which is the titanium dioxide coating. The coating thickness is generally 0.8-1.3 Mu m, and the selected particle of the nanometer titanium dioxide is 10-80nm. The nanometer titanium dioxide has the characteristics of stable mechanical properties, good compatibility with base material, all-round shielding, etc. Thus, compared with the alumina coating used in the prior art, sodium atoms are hard to diffuse to the surfaces of phosphor particles through the thermal diffusion to react with mercury atoms, the black sodium amalgams are reduced greatly, the lumen depreciation is increased by 6-8 percent than the common alumina coating, and the service life of the lamp is greatly prolonged.


ABSTRACT Oxyhaemoglobins of six digenetic trematodes,—Srivastavaia indica, Gastrothylax crumenifer, Gigantocotyle explanatum, Fasciolopsis buski, Gastrodiscoides hominis, Isoparorchis hypselobagri, and of their 3 vertebrate hosts, Bubalus, bubalis, Sus scrofa, Wallago attu, were subjected to alkali denaturation at a pH of 12·4. All oxyhaemoglobins from trematodes and their hosts differ from each other in the rate and extent of alkali denaturation which may be explained due to variations in the amino acid sequences of a particular haem protein in addition to other factors.


Intravenous injection of dialyzed penicillin‐treated homologous serum produces anaphylaxis in guinea pigs sensitized either actively by a previous injection of this preparation, or passively by serum from a rabbit which had received injections of penicillin in Freund's Complete Adjuvant. In both cases, the intravenous administration of large doses of penicillin produces no adverse effect, but inhibits anaphylaxis on later challenge with penicillin‐treated serum.


Carbohydrates (CHOs) are the most important energy source in human diets and are often classified by their molecular size as sugar, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and polyols (hydrogenated CHOs). However, the relevance of this structural classification has been questioned and interest in an alternative property of CHOs has grown. The glycaemic index (GI) is a contribution of Jenkins and co-workers in 1981 to classify CHO containing foods according to their impacts on the body?s postprandial glycaemic response. GI is defined as ?The incremental area under the 2-hour blood glucose response curve of a test food containing 50 g of glycaemic (available) CHOs expressed as the percentage of the response to the same amount of glycaemic CHOs from a standard food (either white bread or glucose) taken by the same subject?. Although white bread and glucose both give valid values, glucose may be the preferred control because of its stable composition. When, for any reason, white bread is used as reference, the obtained GI value needs to be divided by 1.4 to get the GI value contrast to glucose.


Abstract: This chapter discusses the fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) materials as a consequence of service in a neutron irradiation environment. Fracture toughness of the materials is directly related to structural integrity of the operating RPV and the materials must be evaluated relative to their radiation sensitivity and effects on overall structural integrity. In radiation-sensitive steel, the fracture toughness is decreased and is the property used to describe the radiation-induced embrittlement. The chapter presents a brief history of the development of fracture mechanics followed by more detailed discussions of different aspects of material fracture toughness under both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions.


An imaging-based cellular laser barcode was developed to analyze complex laser modes generated from single cell lasers. Different cell types from neural differentiate stem cells and sizes were investigated, paving a road for cellular phenotyping.


This paper describes the structure and the simulated performance of nonlinear adaptive filters appropriate for high speed serial data transmission over time-dispersive and slowly time-variant channels. The filters are designed to combat the two major obstacles in high speed digital signaling over such channels, namely, the presence of intersymbol interference due to the non-ideal frequency response of the channel and the slow, randomly time-variant response characteristics of the channel. Some results on the error rate performance of the adaptive filters, obtained by means of Monte Carlo computer simulation, are also presented.


Solid oxide fuel cells with a new structure is proposed in order to develop a compact fuel cell system that converts energy more efficiently. The cell is made directly on a hollow, flat electrode plate using the extrusion and plasma spray methods. Cell resistance was decreased and a maximum power density of 0.35 W/cm 2 was attained in the stack.


The paper considers the circuit engineering and structural-technological basis of new devel-opments of special-purpose microcircuits, the prospects for its development are determined. The complexity of solving the problem is established, which consists in a complex combination and elimination of contradictions of various principles of creating equipment. It is assumed that the particle enters the circuit at a time equal to the beginning of switching. The frequency of the chip is 30 MHz, which corresponds to most of the frequencies that are used in spacecraft.


The main focus of this paper is the detailed introduction of the oom deployment concept implemented for the German eployable membrane technology demonstrator Gossamer-1. The technology aims for solar sailing, thin-film photovoltaic and drag augmentation as possible use cases.
Therefore, the main functional and geometrical requirements for the mechanisms are derived from the mission design and the global sail deployment concept which are both introduced in detail. The regarding mechanism design is explained on concept level and illustrated with evaluating tests of the engineering model. Finally, an outlook on the future of the project, including the current design status of the engineering qualification model, is given.


The school shootings of October 2006 arrested the world's attention. The contrast of innocence and violence, the mystery of the shooters' motivations, the fact that there were five school shooting in six weeks—all of these were factors, but none can compare to the strength of the families who chose to forgive and their witness under fire. Through this tragedy in a one-room schoolhouse in Pennsylvania, the Amish, in particular, showed us the results of nearly 500 years of educating the human heart.


We study the isospin-singlet neutron-proton pairing in bulk nuclear matter as a function of density and isospin asymmetry within the BCS formalism. In the high-density, weak-coupling regime the neutron-proton paired state is strongly suppressed by a minor neutron excess. As the system is diluted, the BCS state with large, overlapping Cooper pairs evolves smoothly into a Bose-Einstein condensate of tightly bound neutron-proton pairs (deuterons). In the resulting low-density system a neutron excess is ineffective in quenching the pair correlations because of the large spatial separation of the deuterons and neutrons. As a result, the Bose-Einstein condensation of deuterons is weakly affected by an additional gas of free neutrons even at very large asymmetries.


Through literature study at home and abroad,this paper summarized ideas generation relating to stormwater management,theoretical system and practical experiences of resource utilization. Then it analyzed the characteristics of water environment of urban parks and the importance of stormwater management. Finally it proposed objectives,principles and contents of park stormwater management and resource utilization planning,in order to provide ideas and experiences for the city park planning,construction and management.


Ethical aspects of stakeholder behavior can have a wide range of implications for other areas of project management. This research critically reviewed project ethics under the philosophical paradigm change from modernism to late modernism, which led to a flexible and realizable ethical framework based on Levinasian and Nietzschean moral psychologies. A qualitative approach was adopted through a multiple-case study to confront the theoretical framework with the empirical world, evaluate its authenticity, and obtain a better understanding of its challenges. Research results showed that stakeholders' unconscious desire for existential meaning can provide considerable potential for dealing with ethical challenges.


Using the notion of parallel items this paper presents a family of new criteria for cluster analysis. Instead of looking at the item correlation matrix one could look at a matrix of similarity coefficients. These coefficients are standardized raw dot products of columns in the correlation matrix or related numbers. After discussing the properties of this matrix the discussion will move to a classic example of a factor analytic problem in personality assessment, an item pool concerned with Fromm's marketing orientation, and a brief discussion of problems outside of cluster analysis will conclude the paper. One of the most common problems in measurement is the evaluation of a new test or the re-evaluation of an old one. Even if a good deal of care has gone into the specification of the a priori structure of a test, the actual content of a test, when people respond to it, may be different from that desired. For example, suppose we had just constructed a student instructor rating form. We have spent months writing items that tapped different aspects of the instructor's performance. But the item correlation matrix turns out to be flat, i.e. all the items correlate about .70 with all the other items. Then no matter how many dimensions there may be to instructor performance, we have tapped only one, the student's global impression. We would probably regard the test as a failure and begin looking at such things as response categories, whether the items used specific examples or called for global evaluations, etc. On the other hand, suppose that we wish to construct a questionnaire measure of McClelland's (1951) need achievement. We write items to assess each of the dimensions with which achievement motivation should correlate: independence, leadership, etc. The item correlation matrix shows stark simplicity: the items break into ten clusters which are perfectly uncorrelated with each other. The fact that the clusters are uncorrelated is both unanticipated and undesirable. We could respond to this fact in two ways. First we might question the existence of achievement motivation as a unitary trait. Alternately we could sweat blood over the unanswerable question of whether or not our test had the right distribution of items across clusters. Thus, compare a first test that has twenty items in the first cluster and two items in each of the other nine clusters with a second test that has 20 items in the last cluster and two in each of the others. Not only would these tests look quite different, but the corresponding true scores would only correlate .25 with each other. Furthermore the problem is not just a matter of the unequal distribution of items in clusters. A test with four items in each of the ten clusters would be "balanced." But a balanced distribution may be completely inappropriate for meaning achievement motivation. How do we determine the content of a test as people actually respond to it? The traditional answer to this problem is to intercorrelate the items and factor analyze the item correlation matrix. The structure of the test is then determined indirectly by re


BACKGROUND
Concerns have been raised regarding the high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among manual material handling (MMH) workers. However, limited investigations have been undertaken among one large group of workers using a particular MMH method called posterior load carriage (PLC). This is typically done without the use of a backpack in developing countries, and involves exposure to known risk factors for MSS such as heavy loads, non-neutral postures, and high levels of repetition.

OBJECTIVES
To 1) determine the types and prevalence of MSS among PLC workers and the impacts of these MSS on workers, 2) explore job demands potentially contributing to MSS, and (3) obtain input from workers regarding possible improvements to facilitate future interventions.

METHODS
Structured interview applied to 108 workers to assess PLC worker characteristics and job demands in eight cities in Indonesia.

RESULTS
MSS were reported in all anatomical regions evaluated, with symptoms most commonly reported at the lower back (72.2%), feet (69.4%), knees (64%), shoulders (47.2%), and neck (41.7%). Logistic regression indicated that MSS in the lower back were associated with longer work hours/day, MSS in the hands were associated with load mass, and MSS in the ankles/feet were associated with stature and load carriage frequency. MSS were reported to interfere with daily activity, but only few workers sought medical treatment. Possible improvements included the use of a belt, hook, or backpack/frame, and changes in the carriage method.

CONCLUSIONS
The study suggests that PLC workers incur a relatively high MSS burden. Future studies are needed to develop and evaluate practical interventions and specific guidelines to improve working conditions and occupational health and safety for PLC workers.


The present invention relates to as method of encapsulating an electronic arrangement with respect to permeants, in which an at least partly crosslinked hotmelt adhesive based on acid-modified or acid-anhydride-modified vinylaromatic block copolymers is provided and in which the pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied to and/or around the regions of the electronic arrangement that are to be encapsulated.


In their edited volume, White Women Getting Real About Race, Judith James and Nancy Peterson have assembled eleven narratives from White women who are not afraid to share their racial missteps as educators. The authors span the K-12 landscape, including teachers of elementary, middle, and high school; teachers of the arts; a special education teacher; and teachers who are nontraditional educators. I entered this text with skepticism; I was concerned that I would be reading the experiences of White women who viewed themselves as saviors. After a rocky initial chapter that emphasized stereotypes and reminded me of Michelle Pfieffer's character in Dangerous Minds, the second chapter by editor James named the paternalistic nature of wanting to save someone, and I did not put the book down again until I had finished the final chapter. This volume overall avoided stories of White women with savior complexes; rather, the purpose of this collection was to invite readers to examine White privilege at work in education. In assembling narratives that exposed the sordid underbelly of White privilege, the editors have compiled a volume that inspires dialogue. Recognizing the work of building inclusive schools as an obligation for all educators, the editors sought stories that would "challenge the security of silence by White women in schools" (p. 1). James and Peterson provided structure for their readers to engage by including journal questions at the end of each chapter, and a final chapter of exercises to continue asking critical questions and learning about race and racism. While the context


In recent years, significant changes in the Finnish subtitling field have created instability in subtitlers' working conditions. The subtitlers have responded to this challenge by working together towards a more unified professional community. One important means for building the subtitlers' community has been an active online presence consisting of, among other things, a website and a blog created by the subtitlers themselves. This article will analyse the Finnish subtitlers' website and blog to investigate their role in the subtitlers' efforts to improve their working conditions. The analysis will focus on the ways in which this online presence has been used by the subtitlers both as a means of a professional project to foster social recognition for the profession and as a tool for constructing a virtual community uniting the subtitlers. The subtitlers' website and blog serve as an enlightening example of a translators' community searching for new ways of uniting a fragmented professional field and counteracting uncertain working conditions.


This study is premised on the concept of citizenship theory, primarily what is often called cultural citizenship and how this kind of approach can provide insight on narrative development of superhero comic book characters Spider-Man (Peter Parker) and Mary Jane Watson. By positioning the analysis within discourse theory (enforced by representational theory) it relies on the idea of the private and public sphere, the starting point of Lauren Berlant's notion of citizenship, and how gender roles framed Mary Jane Watson and superhero Spider-Man in the process of gendering national identity. This article draws on two main sets of analyses – the wedding ceremony of Peter and Mary Jane that happened outside comic book panels, at the Shea Stadium in New York in 1987, and Tom DeFalco's story Maximum Carnage from 1992. These cases are tackled from the position of gender representation with the focus on elaborating how the discourses about gender and citizenship positioned the character of Mary Jane and Spider-Man into the realm of gendered Americanness. The embeddedness of these findings places Mary Jane as a vital part of Spider-Man stories while pointing out specific discursive forms of gendered nationality in American popular superhero narratives: domesticated female identity and active male identity.


Infection is one of the primary causes of human mortality. In the intensive care units a serious complication of infection is sepsis and its complications severe sepsis and septic shock.Sepsis is a common and a life-threatening illness, which is considered as a serious public health problem. The incidence of sepsis differs from one place to another place across the world. We aim is to estimate the incidence of sepsis in main hospitals of Ismailia city and to compare this result with results from studies in intensive care units in hospitals in other cities and countries. An observational that has been done in intensive care units of main hospital in Ismailia city. This study showed that cumulative incidence of sepsis to be 5.5% in a period of seven months which is lower than the incidence of severe sepsis in SOAP study and some other studies conducted in United Kingdom, France, Australia and New Zealand.


Grafting of ternary-monomer(BMA/St/MAH) onto isotactic polypropylene(iPP) is carried out by free radical polymerization using supercritical carbon dioxide(SC CO2) as solvent and swelling agent,and ether as co-solovent.The iPP is impregnated with ternary-monomer and initiator(AIBN) dissolved in SC CO2 at 43 ℃ and 8.2 MPa.After releasing CO2,iPP is transfered to a round flask and is grafted at 85 ℃ under protection of N2,and the grafted sample with graft percentage 2.99% is obtained.The grafting level can be controlled by swelling time,swelling pressure and dosage of ether,the influence of which on graft percentage is also discussed,and introducing co-solvent is of advantage to reduce swelling time.


Multicast communication in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) is emerging for wireless group communication which includes applications such as multipoint data dissemination and multiparty conferencing which made the analytical design and development of the MANETs in a very efficient manner. For MANETs there are several multicast routing protocols are proposed, but they perform well under specific scenarios only. The topology of a MANET changes adequately due to the random mobility of network nodes, unlike the wired network which is static. Due to the lack of redundancy in multipath and multicast structures, the multicast routing protocols are vulnerable to the component failure in ad-hoc networks. Due to this fact, route selection becomes a tragedy in MANETs. So it is the dire need to optimize the route selection procedure. HGAPSO is an emerging hybrid optimizing tool that is used to find an optimum solution among a population of possibilities. In this paper we attempt to propose a new HGAPSO (Hybrid Genetic Algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization) based optimized MAODV, which improves the performance in the routing messages for multicast applications.


Students' engagement in extra-curricular activities can play a significant role in their development of a student identity, as well as leading to a greater sense of belonging and wellbeing. However, individual characteristics such as sociability may influence the likelihood of students engaging in extra-curricular activities. We collected mixed mode data from two online surveys to explore students' perceptions of the impact of engagement in extra-curricular activities on their experience at university, as well as the mediating role of engagement in extra-curricular activities in the relationships between extraversion and wellbeing and sense of belonging to the University. Our data demonstrate that extraversion is positively associated with both belonging and wellbeing, and that engagement in extra-curricular activities also mediates these relationships. Our qualitative data uncover further nuances in engagement with extra-curricular activities; while many perceived outcomes are positive, some students express regret at opportunities missed, and find it challenging to balance extra-curricular activities and their studies. Taken together, these findings indicate that not all students stand to benefit equally from engagement in extra-curricular activities. Providing a range of opportunities that are accessible to a wide range of students may promote equity in participation in extra-curricular activities.


For electromagnetic wave propagation it was found that there exist composite media exhibiting strong spatial dispersion. This has raised the question of the relevance of the spatial dispersion in the characterization of the new metamaterials. The present communication intends to show that exactly the same problematic occurs in acoustics when considering long‐wavelength acoustic wave propagation in a fluid in presence of solid obstacles of any arbitrary shape. When these obstacles resemble "Helmholtz" resonators the macroscopic equivalent medium may exhibit strong spatial dispersion. It is demonstrated that the corresponding Macroscopic Acoustics, which may be worked out in detail, is very similar to the general nonlocal Maxwellian Macroscopic Electrodynamics. This raises the question of the relevance of the spatial dispersion in the characterisation of porous materials, and specifically the question of the possible design of acoustic metamaterials exhibiting enhanced absorption due to spatial dispersion.


Recent development efforts have resulted in new models that are capable of predicting water spray interactions with solid surfaces for a wide range of drop sizes and velocities. These models provide a reasonable approximation to single drop impact events, and significantly improve the expected accuracy of the splash. The models are implemented in the Vulcan software, a CFD code for fire modeling. We wanted to understand how important the splash is to a suppression scenario and the implications of common simplifying assumptions. A scenario with several rectangular objects located beneath a water suppression system is examined. This scenario was designed to be representative of an industrial fire and suppression situation. We compare the deposition masses on the surfaces for three cases, one with the recently developed model, another assuming no splash, and another assuming all splashing drops eject an excessive fraction of their mass. The results of the higher fidelity predictions compared with the more commonly employed and simpler assumptions suggest the importance of splashing to the outcome of an industrial water sprinkler fire suppression event.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


The aim of this study was to determine the value of nuchal translucency (NT) measurement for the detection of aneuploidies and other malformations in a low‐risk population. In total, 4233 women who booked in our hospital for delivery were examined between the tenth and 13th week of gestation. Of the 17 chromosomal abnormalities that occurred, 11 were detected using the measurement of NT (65 per cent). Only three of the seven Down syndrome pregnancies were detected using this technique (43 per cent). The remaining four Down syndrome babies were diagnosed either because of positive biochemical testing or by amniocentesis because of maternal age. A total of 69 serious malformations including chromosomal defects were detected during the study period. In 18 of these cases, the NT measurement was ⩾2·5 mm (26 per cent). Most of the malformations without aneuploidies were of cardiac origin. The data show that the NT measurement is a valuable marker for aneuploidy even in a low risk‐population. It is also of value in the diagnosis of other serious malformations, particularly cardiac defects. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this note we formalize a multithreaded Java-like programming language with unchecked exceptions, try-catch blocks, and synchronized blocks, as well as method contracts, object invariants, block invariants, thread-local objects, and parallel execution statements. We further formalize our verification condition generation-based modular static verification approach that verifies that the program complies with its method contracts even in the presence of unchecked exceptions, and prove its soundness. Sound reasoning about unchecked exceptions: Soundness proof Bart Jacobs Peter Müller Frank Piessens


This study explored the use of virtual world role-play activities to increase pre-service teachers' sense of teaching efficacy and attitudes toward inclusion. These constructs are also important for teacher identity development since they influence teacher dispositions, effort, professional development and beliefs in intrinsic obligations. The activity was embedded in an undergraduate course for first-year Education majors that focused on supporting diverse learners. Pre-service teachers played the roles of various diverse learners including students with physical, behavioral, socio-economic, emotional and mental challenges. Data were collected at three points during the semester in order to assess changes in efficacy and attitudes. Open ended questions also provided insight into the experience of identity experimentation. Results suggest that perspective taking activities using virtual worlds can provide powerful experiences to support identity development.


Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) has been successfully used to solve the 0-1 Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MKP). In this paper, our contribution combines VNS with an evolutionary algorithm (EA). It leads to a new EA where the neighborhood of the mutation operator is iteratively changed in the same way as in VNS. The order in which the neighborhoods are visited in a VNS is crucial and difficult to fix at the beginning of the run. Our proposal will use a States based EA (SEA) to explore various orderings of the neighborhoods. The SEA is a parallel model which manipulates several EAs in a dynamic way. We tested this new approach on different instances of the MKP. Experimental tests show that our proposal favors the most appropriate order of the neighborhoods.


This study presents a thought-provoking picture of statistical data regarding the growth patterns of the religious sites for five main Chinese religions during the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976. Applying comparative and quantitative lenses, this paper addresses the diE™erent growth rates of religious sites during the four diE™erent periods from 1949 to 2004 to test the relative growth pace of religious sites during the Cultural Revolution. To understand the patterns of growing religious sites from 1966 to 1976, this study also compares the diE™erent growth rates of religious sites between the first phase (1966 to 1970) and the second phase (1971-1976) of the Cultural Revolution. Furthermore, it provides detailed information concerning the year of building new religious sites for all five major religions that hold more than 2,500 new religious sites during the Cultural Revolution. In addition, the study shows the top five provinces which built the most new religious sites while denoting their respective rural and urban locations in an eE™ort to demonstrate their geographical expansion during the period. Finally, this study addresses the growth rates of the national population and per capita GDP as compared to the growth of the religious sites during the period of national disaster (1966-1976).


pecial issues of American Quarterly are usually dedicated to understudied or neglected topics, but even a cursory glance at scholarship in recent decades quickly shows that empire is one of the most often-deployed keywords in American studies. The much-vaunted "turn to empire" that started in earnest in the 1990s has largely established the imperial nature of the United States as a foundational claim in the field. Donald Pease and Amy Kaplan's coedited volume Cultures of United States Imperialism (1993) serves as a convenient marker of this turn. Drawing on Edward Said's Culture and Imperialism and (less overtly) William Appleman Williams' Empire as a Way of Life , Kaplan and Pease aimed to deconstruct the remnants of American exceptionalism that had long shaped the field. 1 Published soon after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the First Gulf War, this text highlighted the urgency of theorizing US empire at a moment when American hegemony seemed triumphant. Both then and now, to claim that the United States is an empire is not only to reject exceptionalism but also to situate the US in the world vis-à-vis histories of colonialism and imperialism. To be clear, these arguments did not originate in the 1990s, but the turn to empire certainly intensified these debates by renewing interest in anticolonial and anti-imperialist thought and practice around the world in order to create multiple linkages to present-day struggles against US empire both within and beyond its borders. So issue We planning issue crises within Board Editors local pandemic obvious: the anti-Chinese anti-Asian racialized


Germinal vesicles (GV) of starfish oocytes are known to contain some factor(s) indispensable for inducing cyclic cytoplasmic activity, which may be involved in driving meiotic cell cycle. We have examined species specificity of the factor by injecting enucleated oocytes of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera, with GV contents of either different starfish (Asterias amurensis, Astropecten scoparius) or sea cucumber (Holothuria moebi). The injected oocytes showed cyclic changes in cortical tension after treatment with 1‐methyladenine. Thus the nature of the factor appears similar among echinoderms. Growing oocytes of A. pectinifera much smaller (75% in diameter) than fully‐grown oocytes did contain the factor to rescue the enucleated oocytes, even though such small oocytes themselves did not respond to 1‐methyladenine. This result suggests that the factor begins to accumulate at the earlier stage of oogenesis.


The purpose of this research was to find whether or not there is a relationship between vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension. The researcher focused on the relationship between students' vocabulary mastery and their reading comprehension in this study. The researcher employed a quantitative method in their investigation. The sample in this study was 30 students at seventh grade in SMPN 4 Senayang. 20 items for vocabulary mastery and 10 items for reading comprehension in a multiple-choice test were used to collect data for this study. The Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was employed to analyze the data. The correlation coefficient variable of mastery of vocabulary and reading comprehension was 0.473 based on the data obtained by the authors. The correlation coefficient was 0.473, which is placed between 0.400.0.600 was seen in the table. The correlation is moderate correlation. As a result, Ho is rejected, while Ha is accepted. The authors found a relationship between students' vocabulary mastery and their reading comprehension of this study.


Background: Survival outcomes of breast cancer patients can be significantly improved by early detection and treatment. Implementation of mammogram-based screening has significantly improved early detection of breast cancer in the west. However, the use of screening mammography is less prevalent in Asia partly due to social and cultural reasons. The aim of this study was to determine if a serum microRNA (miRNA) panel could be used as blood-based biomarkers to assist in the early detection of breast cancer. Methods: We carried out a multi-center, multi-ethnic study to identify and validate miRNA biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer. A total of 1042 subjects including 540 breast cancer cases (predominantly stage 1 and 2 cases) and 502 matched controls from 6 independent sources were included in this study. Among these, there were 750 American and European subjects recruited by biobanks and 292 Singaporean Asian Subjects recruited at the National Cancer Centre Singapore and the National University Hospital. The study was conducted in 3 phases in which sera of 289 European Caucasian serum samples (Discovery Cohort) were first interrogated to identify differentially expressed miRNAs between early-stage breast cancer cases and matched controls among 520 circulating miRNA candidates by quantitative RT-PCR using MiRXES assays. The remaining 753 subjects from 5 independent sources were assigned into two groups for biomarker optimization/algorithm development (Optimization Cohort, n=374) and validation (Validation Cohort, n=379). Results: Among the 520 circulating miRNAs measured, 241 were quantified in absolute copy numbers for 289 subjects in the Discovery Cohort. Thirty-three candidate miRNAs were identified. These miRNAs consistently showed differential expression between cancer and control subjects in the Optimization Cohort. A multi-variant panel of 8 miRNAs and an algorithm was developed using the Discovery and Optimization Cohort, with an AUC of 0.981 and 0.918 respectively. When validated in the independent Validation Cohort, the panel demonstrated an AUC of 0.915. Conclusion: We developed and validated a serum miRNA panel that is both sensitive (72.2 - 77.4%) and specific (90.2 - 91.5%) in detecting early stage of breast cancer in both Caucasian and Asian populations. Citation Format: Lihan Zhou, Ruiyang Zou, Sau Yeen Loke, Mikael Hartman, Patrick C.K Goo, Ann S.G. Lee-Lim, Heng-Phon Too. Identification and validation of a serum microRNA panel for detection of early-stage breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-02.


To study the key technology of privacy protection and data security in the Internet of Things group intelligence perception, a cryptographic-based technology was proposed.

First, the background of group intelligence perception and three existing problems were briefly introduced, and the inherent contradictions among the three problems, which led to some challenges in this study, were reported.

A network model, a security model, and design goals were constructed, and the solution based on cryptography-related technology was proposed.

The security and cost complexity of the proposed solution was theoretically analysed. The calculation cost of mobile phone measurement verified the practical feasibility of the scheme.

When ɛ was considerably small, both false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) were small (close to 0). With an increase in ɛ, the FP rate increased, and the FN rate became 0. When ɛ = 0.5, the FP rate was only 0.1, and the equivalent FN rate was 0 after the user completed 50 tasks. The trust model used was highly accurate.

This study has great significance to promote the safe and reliable application development to ensure the genuineness and trustworthiness of data in the aggregation of intermediate data and back-end data services.


Abstract. With respect to ongoing discussions about the causes of energy imbalance and approaches to
force energy balance closure, a method has been proposed that allows partial latent heat flux
closure (Widmoser and Wohlfahrt, 2018). In the present paper, this method is applied to four
measurement stations over grassland under humid and semiarid climates, where lysimeter
(LY) and eddy covariance (EC) measurements were taken simultaneously. The results differ significantly from the ones reported in the literature. We distinguish between the resulting
EC values being weakly and strongly correlated to LY observations as well as
systematic and random deviations between the LY and EC values. Overall, an
excellent match could be achieved between the LY and EC measurements after applying
evaporation-linked weights. But there remain large differences between the standard deviations of the
LY and adjusted EC values. For further studies we recommend data collected at
time intervals even below 0.5 h. No correlation could be found between evaporation weights and weather indices. Only for some
datasets, a positive correlation between evaporation and the evaporation weight could be
found. This effect appears pronounced for cases with high radiation and plant water stress. Without further knowledge of the causes of energy imbalance one might perform full closure using
equally distributed weights. Full closure, however, is not dealt with in this paper.


Objective:To evaluate the image characteristics of deep orbital B-scan and Color-Doppler ultrasonography and CT in the diagnosis of deep orbital tumor.Methods:B-scan ultrasomography,color-Doppler ultrasonographt and CT scan were used in a total 15 cases of patients with deep orbital tumor,including 6 cases of neurilemmom,7 cases of cavemors hemangioma,and 2 cases of meningioma.Results:Most deep orbital tumors have characteristic imaging features.B-scan and collr-Doppler ultrasonography and CT scan were useful in the diagnosis of deep orbital tumor.


In this paper we revisit the problem of modeling a large population of residential thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) as a single reserve, from the perspective of an Aggregator. Our model tracks and controls individual TCLs based on the heat stored in their thermal capacity and their corresponding thermal resistive losses, using the heat pump to compensate for lost energy in order to maintain TCLs around desired reference temperatures. We show that, under reasonable approximations, the energy loss dynamics can be easily tied to a common outside temperature, whose random fluctuations are in one to one correspondence with the available reserve capacity. This approach greatly simplifies any stochastic optimization of the TCLs as an aggregate resource compared to the state of the art.


In order to investigate the effect of inclination angle on the spatial distribution of phases, experiments on gas-liquid two-phase slug flow in an inclined pipe were carried out by using the optical probe and an EKTAPRO 1000 high speed motion analyzer. It has been demonstrated that the inclination angle and the mixture velocity are important parameters to influence the distribution of void fraction for upward slug flow in the inclined pipe. At high mixture velocity, the gas phase profile is axial symmetry in the cross-section of the pipe. This is similar to that for vertical slug flow. In contrast, most of the gas phase is located near the upper pipe wall at low mixture velocity. By measuring the axial variation of void fraction along the liquid slug, it can be concluded that there is a high void fraction wake region with length of 3~4D in the front of liquid slug. In the fully developed zone of liquid slug, the peak value of the void fraction is near the upper wall.


Access to sulfonylated indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines through an efficient three-component reaction of 2-aryl-N-acryloyl indoles, sulfur dioxide and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates is developed. This transformation is performed under metal-free and mild conditions by using...


The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) [1] formally and explicitly recognizes the importance of how to achieve independence for individuals with a disability. This encompasses individual autonomy, the opportunity to be actively involved in decision-making processes, and the opportunity to access the physical, social, economic and cultural environment [1]. To ensure independence is achieved, it is crucial that individuals have access to a range of opportunities and resources so that they can make meaningful choices and decisions about the management of their life and environment [2]. The Milwaukee Center for Independence (MCFI) is a nonprofit agency assisting individuals with a disability to live and work successfully in their communities. At MCFI, the concept of independence is reflected throughout the agencies many evidence-based programs and services. The purpose of this article is to describe how independence is fostered in children attending the School for Early Development and Achievement (SEDA), an affiliate of MCFI. Founded in 2002, SEDA provides early intervention services to at-risk children from grades K4 through 2nd, with a particular focus on children with early developmental disabilities. SEDA is a free public school chartered through the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The intended audience for this article includes parents and families of children with early developmental disabilities, teachers, special educators, speech, occupational and physical therapists, donors and potential donors of non-profit organizations.


Vibration transmissibility to the human body is a function of both vehicle vibration characteristics and postures associated with the performance of movements. The majority of earlier studies investigating upper body vibration transmissibility considered only a static posture excluding dynamic limb movements (Amirouche, 1987; Wei and Griffin, 1998; Rosen and Arcan, 2003; Yoshimura et al, 2005; Liang and Chiang, 2006). A few recent studies reported the effect of vehicle vibration on arm reaching movements through the description of fingertip deviation from a desired trajectory (Rider and Chaffin, 2003, 2004). The present work investigates the variation of vibration transmissibility to upper extremities as a function of dynamic posture changes along the intended reach trajectory. Dynamic reach movements in the direction of targets distributed in the right hemisphere of a vehicle operator are analyzed as a function of vibration characteristics and movement directions. Thirteen subject performed right hand reach movements in various directions to final/end target location as well as intermediate target locations selected along the trajectory of movement performed to the end target. The established database of upper body segments transmissibility is used to develop an active biodynamic human model.


Simultaneous maintenance scheduling and production scheduling play an essential role in manufacturing systems. Most studies investigated maintenance scheduling as a series of activities and ignored their macro policy effects. Based on a dynamic approach proposed by Do et al. [1], this paper presents a mathematical model that considers the impact of long-term maintenance policies in addition to short-term conditions. This model attempts to minimize preventive (PM) and corrective maintenance (CM) costs and various production costs such as setup costs, tardiness costs, and safety stock, penalty costs. The model considers essential assumptions such as 1) initial inventory, 2) assembly activities, 3) batch-sizing with unequal/variable sizes, 4) sequence-dependent setup times, 5) safety stock levels, 6) dispatch of maintenance teams and 7) the limited number of maintenance teams. Due to the non-linearity of the average number of corrective maintenance activities, a linearization method has been used to solve this problem. Finally, the validity and efficiency of the model are analyzed by implementation in a numerical experiment.


It's the development direction of the library to building smart library by applying the big data technology in the big data era. This paper elaborates the meaning of big data and the smart library, puts forward the construction idea and path of smart library in the big data era.


. The depreciation process plays a key role for fixed assets in a business, as it allows the company to account for the wear and tear of equipment and property over time, providing a more accurate valuation of assets. This is crucial for proper financial management and accounting. Depreciation serves as a tool to accurately reflect the company's asset value, optimize tax deductions, and ensure financial stability in fluctuating market conditions. In this article, the authors analyze various theoretical and methodological approaches to determining the depreciation of fixed assets in agricultural enterprises, aligning with the requirements of the Tax Code. They investigated the procedures for calculating depreciation according to established methods and examined their impact on the financial condition of agricultural enterprises. Additionally, the article explores the advantages and disadvantages of each method and identifies the factors that should be considered when choosing the optimal depreciation calculation method. The article delves into the current state and challenges of calculating depreciation of fixed assets in Ukraine. It proposes solutions to address these challenges in the context of agricultural enterprises. The authors highlight the necessity of adopting a systematic approach, considering the specific management nuances of agricultural enterprises. Furthermore, the authors emphasize the importance of refining legislation to clarify and standardize depreciation calculation methods. These improvements would enhance financial stability and competitiveness among agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. This article not only contributes valuable insights to the field but also paves the way for further research in this area. It can serve as a foundational resource for developing more effective financial management strategies in the agricultural sector of the economy.