This study aimed to examine the influence of problem gambling on suicidal ideation through depression among stayers in the area of casino and to investigate the moderated mediation effect of gender. For the purpose, this study used a sample of 298 stayers in the area of casino, and conducted data analyses by utilizing Process Macro for SPSS. The main results are as follows. First, problem gambling positively significantly influenced suicidal ideation among stayers in the area of casino. Second, depression perfectly mediated the influence of problem gambling on suicidal ideation. Third, gender moderated the influence of depression on suicidal ideation. Fourth, the moderated conditional mediation effect of gender in the influence of problem gambling on suicidal ideation through depression was found. Based on the findings, this study concludes with discussing intervention strategies to address problem gambling and suicidal ideation among stayers in the area of casino. ■ keyword :∣Suicidal Ideation∣Problem Gambling∣Depression∣Gender∣Moderated Mediation Effect∣ * 본 연구는 순천향대학교 학술연구비 지원으로 수행하였음 * 본 연구는 한국도박문제관리센터의 연구지원으로 수행하였고, 연구용역과제「2016 카지노 주변 도박관련 체류자 실태조사」원 자료의 일부를 활용하였음 접수일자 : 2020년 01월 22일 수정일자 : 2020년 02월 19일 심사완료일 : 2020년 02월 19일 교신저자 : 이래혁, e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 '20 Vol. 20 No. 3 150


The invention relates to a transponder comprising at least one first resonator (R) and a series of second resonators (R) coupling of evanescent waves having at least a first mode and a second resonant mode, said first resonator being connected via a first port, first means for a query (antenna, wire means) characterized in that said one or more second resonators are connected via at least one second port, at least one variable load element (E) capable of changing the conditions of coupling of the resonant modes and consequently the response measured on said first port.


All states grapple with the challenges of protecting children and ensuring their development. For minority world states, whilst there is a longer history of established systems focused on the protection and welfare of children, transformation and change are ever-present characteristics of such systems—reflecting the ongoing pursuit of greater effectiveness in meeting the needs of service users. Recent trends suggest an increased focus on prevention and family support amongst child protection systems, with some national and regional states re-organising services in this direction. Alongside these central policy and practice reforms, academic literature has emerged to support those considering and planning for system change and improvement in child protection. In this article, we first propose a conceptual framework for studying system change in child protection, building on the work of Coffman and Wulczyn, but incorporating three further orientations: system culture and climate; implementation science; and leadership. Secondly, using Ireland's experience of developing and strengthening the prevention and family support dimensions of its child protection system as a case study, we assess the value of the framework and possible revisions to it for future use.


Significant contributing factor to the quality of education include teachers'
motivation and performance. Motivation and teacher performance, will support the
achievement of quality education. This study addresses issues such as: 1) How is the
work motivation, teacher performance, and quality of education in MIN Krangean and
MIN Wirasaba ?; 2) How much influence work motivation on teacher performance MIN
Krangean and MIN Wirasaba?; 3) How much influence the motivation to work on
educational quality in MIN Krangean and MIN Wirasaba?; 4) How much influence the
performance of teachers on educational quality in MIN Krangean and MIN Wirasaba?; 5)
How much influence together (simultaneously) the motivation and performance of
teachers on educational quality in MIN Krangean and MIN Wirasaba?; 6) Are there
differences in work motivation, performance, and quality of education between MIN
Krangean and MIN Wirasaba?
This research is quantitative. Data were collected by questionnaire, observation,
and documentation. This study uses census approach, which is taking the data of the
whole unit of observation . While the data collected from all teachers MIN Krangean
many as 18 people, and teachers MIN Wirasaba many as 18 people. Data analysis method
used is descriptive percentage, regresion, and t test.
Based on this research, it was found that: 1) the work motivation of teachers MIN
Krangean and MIN Wirasaba in the excellent category with an average of 53.16 and
53.38, teacher performance MIN Krangean and MIN Wirasaba in the excellent category,
with an average of 46 , 78 and 46.72, and the quality of education MIN Krangean and
MIN Wirasaba in the excellent category, with an average of 47.5 and 48.0; 2) There is
significant influence motivation work to teachers performance in MIN Krangean (38,5%)
and MIN Wirasaba (74,6%); 3) There is significant influence motivation to work on
educational quality in MIN Krangean (27,6%) and MIN Wirasaba (36,5%), 4) No
significant effect on educational quality teacher performance at MIN Krangean (0%), but
there is a significant effect the performance of teachers to the quality of education in MIN
Wirasaba (41,9%), 5) there is a significant influence job motivation of teachers and
teacher performance together on educational quality in MIN Krangean and MIN
Wirasaba, namely (43.8%) and (42.7%). 6) There is no significant difference in work
motivation, teacher performance and quality education in MIN Krangean and MIN
Wirasaba (Sig. 0901), (Sig. 0978), and (Sig. 0774).
The results of this study reinforce the theory by Bemandin Joice and Keith Davis
that the quality of education is influenced by the knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, and
behavior, motivation, and performance of the personal organization.


Intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions produce a mid-rapidity region or neck, mostly in the semiperipheral collisions. Brief theory and experiment surveys are presented. General properties of midrapidity zone are reviewed and discussed in the fremework of reaction dynamics. Hierarchy effect, neutron enrichment, isospin diffusion are all new neck phenomena which are surveyed. The main neck observables are also examined, mainly in the context of the symmetry term of the nuclear equation of state. PACS. 25.70.-z Low and intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions – 25.70.Lm Strongly damped collisions – 25.70.Mn Projectile and target fragmentation 1 Neck Fragmentation in Semiperipheral Collisions at Fermi Energies


During the summer of 1939 the motor vessel Nouveau Quebec made a voyage from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Moosonee, Ontario, by way of Labrador and Hudson Bay. The Nouveau Quebec, which was built at Meteghan, N.S., during the winter of 1938-39 to plans and specifications of Rev. Father A. Dutilly, O.M.I., carried on board a cargo for the missions of the Oblate order and a group of persons interested in scientific observation. This group consisted of Rev. Father A. Dutilly, O.M.I., Research Associate at the Catholic University of America, Naturalist of the Arctic Oblate Missions, President of the New Quebec Explorers' Club and the leader of the expedition, whose chief interest was the augmentation of his collection of Arctic plants and soils; Dr H. O'Neill, Professor of Botany at the Catholic University of Washington, who was mainly interested in furthering the collection of botanical specimens for the Langlois Herbarium of the Catholic University of America, of which he is curator; Rev. Father M. Duman, O.S.B., of St Vincent College, Latrobe, Penn., whose main interest was in the collection of sedges to complete the requirements for his degree thesis; Dr G. Gardner, Associate Professor of Biology at the University of Montreal and Secretary of the New Quebec Explorers' Club; and Brian E. Wilmot, a senior in the Catholic High School of Montreal.


An array antenna system requires the same number of RF circuit sections as that of the antennas. This paper presents the novel concept of "space hopping" scheme which requires only "one" RF circuit to enable the array antenna system at very low cost. The scheme also shows excellent BER characteristics for the array antenna system. We focus on the improvement of BER in the array antenna configuration in the short range Rician distribution multipath fading environment. A multipath simulation bench is studied and designed to evaluate the space hopping performance. Several simulations are made to confirm the expected performance of the space hopping scheme and to obtain a good configuration of the array antenna.


In this paper we address the general question of how social influence determines collective outcomes for large populations of individuals faced with binary decisions. First, we define conditions under which the behavior of individuals making binary decisions can be described in terms of what we call an influence-response function: a one-dimensional function of the (weighted) number of individuals choosing each of the alternatives. And second, we demonstrate that, under the assumptions of global and anonymous interactions, general knowledge of the influence-response functions is sufficient to compute equilibrium, and even non-equilibrium, properties of the collective dynamics. By enabling us to treat in a consistent manner classes of decisions that have previously been analyzed separately, our framework allows us to find similarities between apparently quite different kinds of decision situations, and conversely to identify important differences between decisions that would otherwise appear very similar.


Together with industry and transport, agriculture contributes significantly to environmental degradation. This is especially true for industrialized countries and territories with a high population density. Given the projected population growth, it is obvious that the intensifi cation of agricultural production is the only way to avoid food shortages. In the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Russia, when carrying out the disposal of agricultural machinery (SHT), this issue is particularly acute, since it is related to the environmental safety of the environment. To reflect the most urgent problems related to environmental safety in agriculture in the creation and effective functioning of the "Agricultural Recycling" system. The introduction of a new energy-saturated SHT and the decommissioning of the spent 1, or even 1.5–2 depreciation period of the SHT is one of the main factors in the formation of a resource-saving eco-oriented system "Agricultural recycling". It is important that this system ensures not only the receipt of secondary resources in maximum quantities, but also ensures the environmental safety of the environment. The problem of handling agricultural waste in the agro-industrial complex (AIC) is one of the key environmental problems due to the fact that the equipment used in agricultural farms, as a rule, is far beyond the depreciation resource. Decommissioned machinery (VET) contains a large number of secondary resources — useful substances and materials, the irrational use of which significantly reduces the economic efficiency of agricultural production. The main directions of ensuring sustainable and environmentally safe agriculture are the promotion of relevant initiatives, the creation of economic incentive mechanisms, the formation of public opinion, technological re-equipment. The main link of these measures is the technological modernization of agricultural production, the essence of which is to create workshops (sites) for the utilization of agricultural waste on the basis of existing enterprises of the agricultural sector. The creation of an eff ective system for the utilization of agricultural waste in the next 2–3 years at the regional level in the most developed agricultural regions will significantly solve the problem of environmental safety in the agro-industrial complex.


Biggs, A. R., and Miles, N. W. 1988. Association of suberin formation in uninoculated wounds with susceptibility to Leucostoma cincta and L. persoonii in various peach cultivars. Phytopathology 78:1070-1074. Branches of field-grown peach cultivars were mechanically wounded and degree of formation of wound tissues or intensity of suberin sampled for histological study after 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days. Cell counts autofluorescence. These ranks were compared to cultivar disease and tissue thickness measurements were used to determine the extent of susceptibility ranks, based on field performance history, using Spearman's formation of ligno-suberized boundary tissue and suberized wound rank correlation test. There were no consistent relationships between periderm. Suberin autofluorescence intensity also was measured with a relative susceptibility to disease and phellem cell numbers or suberized microscope equipped with a photometer/fluorometer. The experiments tissue thickness. However, the rate of suberin accumulation during May were conducted twice at two sites from 1985 to 1987 and included wound and June was correlated in both years withthe known relative susceptibility series from the months of April, May, June, July, September, October, and of the cultivars to the peach canker fungi. November. Cultivars were ranked after each wound series according to the Peach canker, caused by Leucostoma cincta (Pers. & Fr.) Hohn. high proportion of phenolic materials incorporated into the (anamorph = Cytospora cincta (Pers.) Fr.) and L. persoonii (Nits.) suberin polymer (17). Hohn. (anamorph = C. leucostoma (Pers.) Fr.) is a major limiting Suberin can be detected easily in injured or infected tissues of factor in peach production in the northern portions of the North many tree species because it autofluoresces in the violet-blue range American deciduous tree fruit region. Wounds created by pruning, when examined with ultraviolet epi-illumination (1,3). The leaf abscission, winter injury, and insect damage are the major autofluorescence is probably due to the phenolic constituents of avenues of entry for the peach canker fungi (24). The disease, suberin. We have found that suberin autofluorescence manifested as perennial cankers on trunks, scaffold limbs, and measurements are useful for making quantitative relative branches, has been difficult to control. Although certain cultural comparisons of genotypic or experimental treatment effects practices can reduce peach canker incidence (15), all of the (7,9,11). currently grown peach cultivars are susceptible to the pathogens to In 1984, we initiated field experiments to test the hypothesis, some degree (16,19). originally proposed by Weaver (22), that peach cultivars show Breeding peach trees for resistance to the canker pathogens has different responses to wounding and that these differing responses been difficult. Problems have included regional variation in were correlated with resistance to the peach canker fungi. The cultivar performance (19), cultivar by year variation in objective of the present study was to examine the correlative susceptibility (16), lack of standardized inoculation procedures relationship between wound-induced suberin accumulation in (20), lack of knowledge regarding pathogen variation, lack of several different peach cultivars and clonal selections and their known resistant cultivars, and the land-intensive and laborfield susceptibility to peach canker. The results of the initial intensive nature of conventional fruit tree breeding. It is clear that a experiments were published in 1985 (13). A preliminary report on rapid, reliable, and economically efficient method to detect disease the present study has been published (10). resistance would facilitate development of new, Leucostomaresistant peach cultivars. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of wounds and fungal infections of peach (2,4-6,8,14) and other tree barks (1,3,4) have Orchard sites. Peach (Prunuspersica (L.) Batsch) orchards were shown that suberin is an important cell wall component in new established at the Agriculture Canada experimental farm in tissues that form after wounding and before the delimitation of Jordan Station, Ont., (Jordan) and at the experimental farm of the infections by wound pathogens. Studies have shown that Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario in Vineland Station, formation of suberized tissues is related spatially and temporally to Ont., (Victoria) in May of 1984 and 1985, respectively. The Jordan inhibition of fungal colonization (2,6,12). Suberin occurs as farm is about 3 km east of the Victoria farm. Soils on both farms lamellae on the inner walls of cells, present at the time of wounding, are imperfectly drained Vineland fine sandy loam and are typical of which differentiate after wounding into a primary ligno-suberized peach orchard soils in the Niagara Peninsula. The Jordan orchard layer (14). Suberin occurs also as the major component of phellem was initiated from 1-yr-old, virus-tested, canker-free nursery cell walls in both normal and "pathological," or wound-induced, stock on cultivar Bailey rootstock. Cultivar Boone County periderms. Several functions related to disease resistance have rootstocks were used at the Victoria site, except for the been attributed to suberin, including: barrier to diffusion of combination of cultivar Madison on Halford. Trees on the pathogen enzymes or toxins into living tissues, structural barrier to Victoria farm were not virus tested. Tree spacing was 1.5 X 4.0 m pathogen ingress, and biochemical barrier to microbes due to the and 3.0 X 5.0 m at the Jordan and Victoria farms, respectively. Trees were managed with clean cultivation in the spring followed by a rye grass cover crop planted in July. Fungicides and insecticides were applied as needed to control peach leaf curl, This article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of the source. The American brown rot, and oriental fruit moth (ferbam, captan, and phosmet, Phytopathological Society, 1988. respectively). The cultivars planted at each orchard site are listed in


The pump performance of a small air-lift system for conveying solid particles is investigated experimentally. The total length of the vertical lifting pipe is 3200 mm, and the inner diameter of the pipe is 18 mm. The gas injector is set at a certain point of the pipe. The flows in the lifting pipe are water/solid two-phase mixtures below the gas injection point, and air/water/solid three-phase mixtures above it. The time-averaged characteristics of the flows are examined for various experimental conditions. The effects of particle diameter, particle density, the gas-injection point, and the volume flux of air on the pump performance are studied systematically. The critical boundary at which the particles can be lifted is discussed in detail based upon one-dimensional mixture model.


A heterostructure of amorphous Se1−x1Tex1‐Se1−x2Tex2 was investigated. A photovoltage characteristic and rectification characteristics were detected in the structure. To investigate the mechanism, the spectral dependence of the photoconductivity, the photovoltaic effect, and the thermoelectric power were measured. It was found that the characteristics of the heterostructure could be explained by the model of a p+p junction.


Data from UNESCO shows that Indonesian people's interest in reading is only 0.001%, meaning that out of 1,000 Indonesians, only 1 person is an avid reader. This study aims to optimize the use of digital libraries, namely by making the community literate in technology and experiencing the various benefits of using digital libraries so that they can encourage people's interest in reading in Karawang Regency. We collect data by going directly to the community because we are literacy activists. The results of a survey in the community in Karawang Regency, from the age range of adolescents to adults, show that they have never visited the Regional Library of Karawang Regency. This implies that the interest in visiting the regional libraries to read books there is still low. This study aims to find out to what extent digital libraries can encourage people's interest in reading. In this digital age, people are more interested in holding gadgets than books. Recommendations for the Karawang Regional Library to be more aggressive in socializing digital libraries so that people can more easily access digital library services from their gadgets anytime and anywhere.


Because self-report is a valuable and often irreplaceable source of information about emotions, it is important to learn how measurement properties change across different demographic samples. Previous findings of mean differences in the level or variability of trait emotions for men versus women or across ethnic groups suggest that there may be differences in the internal consistency of the same measure when applied to different groups. Research groups using the Differential Emotions Scale (DES) have also begun to use the DES or derivative measures in children as young as 5 years old, raising questions about the psychometric performance of the measure across the life span. The present study uses reliability generalization to synthesize findings from 30 samples of raw data involving a total of 2,407 participants. Results indicate that higher socioeconomic status is associated with increased internal consistency in emotion scales. Age and majority ethnic status also were positively associated with internal consistency on a few emotion scales, whereas gender appeared unrelated to reliability of self-reported emotion.


Numerous studies have shown that infiltration of lymphocytes into tumor tissue is associated with better prognosis (Bindea et al., 2013; Lohr et al., 2013; Schmidt et al., 2018; Heimes et al., 2017a, b). This prognostic influence has been seen in many tumor types, including colon (Schmidt et al., 2012), breast (Lohr et al., 2013; Schmidt et al., 2008; Godoy et al., 2014) and lung (Botling et al., 2013; Grinberg et al., 2017; Jabs et al., 2017). With the introduction of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) targeting therapy, immuneinhibitory mechanisms have become a major field of research (Garon et al., 2015; Rizvi et al., 2015a, b; Herbst et al., 2016; Pardoll, 2012; Creelan, 2014; Aguiar et al., 2017). However, the prognostic role of PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients not treated with PD-1 targeting therapies still is unclear. To gain a better understanding, a study recently published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology immunohistochemically analyzed tissue microarrays of 705 patients with NSCLC and additionally considered publicly available transcriptomics data of 1724 patients (Edlund et al., 2019). Key findings of this study in patients without PD-1 targeting therapies are: (1) Infiltration of T-, Band plasma cells is associated with better prognosis, similar to previous studies; (2) This association is strongest in highly proliferative tumors; (3) PD-L1 is not associated with prognosis in the total cohort of NSCLC patients; (4) However, a significant association of PD-L1 positivity with shorter survival was obtained in the never-smokers. This association was validated in independent patients on the RNA level. This result is of relevance, because it shows that immune modifiers have different roles in NSCLC of smokers and non-smokers. It will be important to consider this difference in therapy studies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Predicting prognosis and response to therapy remains a challenging task (Hellwig et al., 2016; Lohr et al., 2015; Weisner et al., 2019) with many modifying factors, e.g. proliferation (Siggelkow et al., 2012), antioxidative status (Cadenas et al., 2010, 2014, 2019) and metabolism (Marchan et al., 2017; Stewart et al., 2012) playing an important role. The present study of Edlund and colleagues helps to gain an overview which key factors modify the prognostic role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.


The large amplitude forced power oscillation on the tie line may be caused by the sustained periodical small amplitude disturbance due to the resonance.However,it is difficult to detect or capture the disturbance source.Two kinds of oscillation,which are caused by the prime mover power disturbance and the load disturbance,are compared theoretically on a two-machine equivalent system.Furthermore,for these two kinds of disturbance source,the different properties are discussed;and time-domain simulation of forced power oscillation is carried out by MATLAB.The results show that the amplitude of forced power oscillation caused by the prime mover power disturbance is even larger than that of load disturbance in the case of the same disturbance amplitude and frequency.This conclusion can provide reference to understand low frequency oscillation phenomenon occurred presently in power systems.


Background:
 Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is useful to determine nocturnal BP. However, the major limitation is the spot-check nature. The main objective of the study is to compare the nocturnal blood pressure (BP) results derived from continuous nocturnal (beat-to-beat) finger cuff BP monitoring device (CNBPM) based on pulse decomposition analysis and from conventional arm cuff-based ABPM.

 Methods:
 We prospectively enrolled 17 subjects from the community. Each subject underwent 1 day of standard 24-hour ABPM. On a second day, the subjects underwent continuous BP monitoring at nighttime only. Systolic BPs (BP hereafter) 12 AM - 6 AM constituted nocturnal BP. We compared the maximum nocturnal BP from ABPM with that from CNBPM. For paired comparison, we matched every 30-minute nocturnal BPs by ABPM, with the corresponding 30 min-averaged nocturnal BPs from CNBPM. Using these data points, we also examined nocturnal dipping by both methods. For continuous BP dipping calculation, we used late night and early AM BP recording (outside 12 AM-6 AM window) derived from continuous BP monitoring. Non-dipping was defined by < 10% BP reduction at nighttime.

 Results:
 All enrolled subjects recorded both ABPM and CNBPM. Maximum nocturnal BP was lower by ABPM than by CNBPM (
 M
 71.28,
 SD
 8.65 vs.
 M
 96.11,
 SD
 13.74), p<0.0001). Paired comparison of every 30 min nocturnal BP yielded a lower nocturnal BP by ABPM than CNBPM (113.65 mmHg (18.31) vs. 113.43 (SD 27.32), p = 0.978). The mean absolute dipping was similar between ABPM and CNBPM (13.2% (7) and 9.5 (10.6), p=NS) respectively. Among 8 subjects with normal dipping, 9 subjects were categorized as non-dipping by CNBPM. Among 11 subjects who had normal dipping by ABPM, 6 subjects met non-dipping by ABPM. CNBPM was better tolerated than ABPM according to subjects.

 Conclusion:
 This study demonstrates that the clusters of BP variability overnight may be missed by a spot-check nocturnal BP measurement by ABPM. There was bias toward the underestimation of BP by ABPM when compared to CNBPM. Further studies should determine a subset of high-risk patients who may benefit from using CNBPM for accurate nocturnal BP monitoring.


Thirty-five sulfur isotope determinations were conducted on basalts and sediments from the DSDP Legs 52 and 53. Using a combined mechanical and chemical preparation, it was possible to investigate different sulfur species in the basalts. Sulfides occurring in globules reflect the isotopic value of mantle sulfur, with a mean of — O.6°/oo. The "sulfate" sulfur of the basalts (including pyrite sulfur) shows a wide spread from —9.6 to +lθ.7°/oo. "Sulfate" sulfur reflects sensitively secondary influences as sea water alteration or low-temperature hydrothermal activity. Pyrites separated from the basalts are close to the mantle value. Pyrites isolated from sediment cores from Hole 418B are enriched in S ranging from -37.2 to 4 8 . l ‰ .


Abstract Government authorities and development agencies use road construction as a tool to support socioeconomic development in remote areas worldwide. In mountain regions, roads are closely connected with landslide risk. They destabilize slopes and often lead to the expansion of settlements into hazard zones. Weighing increased landslide risk against economic opportunities, inhabitants of adjacent areas acquire land along road corridors and build shops and houses. This article presents a case study from western Nepal, where an internationally supported road construction project triggered the establishment of a new bazaar in a landslide-prone area. Based on data gathered from qualitative interviews and a quantitative household survey, it discusses people's rationales for moving to the hazard zone, placing special emphasis on risk perception and economic reasoning from a livelihood perspective. The article also considers the extent to which the approach to rural road construction presently used in Nepal influences such developments. The study provides insights into the links between risk perceptions, livelihood strategies, and road-related development interventions and provides suggestions for a risk-sensitive adaptation of current approaches.


The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and a control method. An image processing apparatus comprising: a compression unit resolution, for thinning out the image by a pixel unit blocks having the second size larger than the first size, to compress the resolution; registration unit, by resolution for compression the image registration unit generates a block in the block management table; and a code compression unit, for each block of the image registered by the registering unit encoding compression processing, wherein the compression unit determines the resolution for the compressed image with the second unit block size level, and to the use of compression, and a registration unit for each unit block having a second image size and compression level corresponding to the determined compression rate is divided into image blocks compressed according to the determined level of compression of a first size block image and the second size by a unit of block image divided into blocks registered in the management table.


Human RAD51 protein catalyzes DNA pairing and strand exchange reactions that are central to homologous recombination and homology-directed DNA repair. Successful recombination/repair requires the formation of a presynaptic filament of RAD51 on ssDNA. Mutations in BRCA2 and other proteins that control RAD51 activity are associated with human cancer. Here we describe a set of mutations associated with human breast tumors that occur in a common structural motif of RAD51. Tumor-associated D149N, R150Q and G151D mutations map to a Schellman loop motif located on the surface of the RecA homology domain of RAD51. All three variants are proficient in DNA strand exchange, but G151D is slightly more sensitive to salt than wild-type (WT). Both G151D and R150Q exhibit markedly lower catalytic efficiency for adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis compared to WT. All three mutations alter the physical properties of RAD51 nucleoprotein filaments, with G151D showing the most dramatic changes. G151D forms mixed nucleoprotein filaments with WT RAD51 that have intermediate properties compared to unmixed filaments. These findings raise the possibility that mutations in RAD51 itself may contribute to genome instability in tumor cells, either directly through changes in recombinase properties, or indirectly through changes in interactions with regulatory proteins. INTRODUCTION Human RAD51 protein is a RecA-like DNA strand transferase that catalyzes the central reactions of homologous pairing and DNA strand exchange in the homologous recombination (HR) and homology-directed repair (HDR) pathways. Given the crucial roles played by HR in distinctive cellular genome stability processes, a linkage between HR dysfunction and cancer phenotype is now clear and widely accepted (1). The causal relationship between RAD51 abnormalities and cancer, however, is poorly understood. Elevated expression of RAD51 protein has been observed in a wide variety of cancers suggesting that overexpression of RAD51 confers advantages to tumor cells (2). Increased RAD51 expression was found in invasive ductal breast cancer and the level of overexpression correlated directly with the histological grading of the tumor (3). As HR machinery components have now become crucial targets for cancer treatment, there is a widely observed correlation between expression levels of RAD51 and resistance to therapeutic drugs (4). High RAD51 expression was also reported in malignant prostate and small cell lung cancers (5). Conversely, the expression of RAD51, as well as BRCA1, is reduced in almost one third of breast tumor cell lines and primary sporadic breast cancer cells (6–9). Consistent with the drug resistance of the cancer cells conferred by the overexpression of RAD51, down-regulation of RAD51 also increased the radio-sensitivity of prostate cancer cells (10) and malignant glioma cells (11). Although the mechanism and significance of such deregulation of RAD51 remains speculative, a basal level of RAD51 activity appears to be kept in an elaborate balance to ensure appropriate functionality of RAD51-dependent HR in specific contexts. *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 802 656 8260; Fax: +1 802 656 8220; Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Present address: Jianhong Chen, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,


This is a tentative research note of the field-work which was conducted under the title of "Research Note on the Social and Economic Life of the Village People in Central Java" in two villages in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region for the period of one year September 1989 to March 1990. This research aims at finding the Javanese attributes of the social structure of changing village community and social and economic life of the village people. In general the spread effects of economic development and the process of social change in the rural areas are different between the village communities which are near from the cities or distant. To accomplish the research purpose more efficiently, the research study was carried out in the two villages in Bantu' Regency where is one of the typical Javanese and wet rice areas. But, in this note, objectives and methods of the research, general condition of two hamlets, composition of the households, occupations of the households'heads and farm households by owner ship status are covered. These results of the household survey in the two research sites indicate some emerging trends that the effects of economic development is stronger in the village within easy commuting distance to Yogyakarta City and that the attributes of the village people directed to money economy are also stronger there.


Along with the economic transition,the transform of employment mechanism and student recruitment extension of institutions of higher education,graduate employment problem presents clearly in recent years,turns into a kind of universal social phenomena in the certain degree,becomes the integrative problem to concern the reform and development of higher education,impact the relationship between institutions of higher education and society,influence social stability.Considering these,from the visual angles of government,institutions of higher education and undergraduate researches and discusses the graduate employment.


We employ a recently derived semirealistic set of coarse-grained interactions to simulate polymer brushes of cis-1,4-polybutadiene grafted on a cuprous-oxide surface within the framework of dissipative particle dynamics. We consider two types of brushes, I and Y, that differ in the way they are connected to the surface. Our model explores the impact of free polymer chain length, grafting density of the brush, and imposed shear rate on the structural and dynamic properties of complex metal oxide polymer interfaces.


MR. DAVID B. TRINDLE: I am with QED ConsultingGroupin Philadelphia. According to a recentsurvey of employersconductedby the publicationRisk and Insurance, the number one priorityof corporate riskmanagersis the spiralingcost of workers' compensation benefits,exceedingeven the concem with the health cost spiral generally. This has broughtincreasedpressureto look for ways of controllingcosts, includingso-called24-hour coverageprogramsthat promiseto eliminateduplication, reduce administrativecosts and bringmanaged care savingsto the workers' compensationsystem. Yet while there are many advantagesto 24-hour coverage,there are alsosignificantbarriersespeciallyregulatory barriersthat must be overcome. We are very privileged to have a knowledgeablegroup of experts on ourpanel to discuss allthese issues. We have Ruth Estfich-Baldwinfrom CNA, Keith Batemanfrom the Alliance of American Insurers, Cecily Gallagher from Tillinghast, and Jim Francis from IOA Reinsurance. As we get further into the program, I am going to inl_oduceeach personin more detail.


In recent years, global climate change has become a hot issue concerned and studied by domestic and foreign atmospheric scientists. The change of temperature is the most significant characteristic as well as the most direct consequence of climate change. Extreme weather and climate occurrs more and more frequently in the recent decade, which will have great potential impacts on many regions especially climate-sensitive areas. The research of temperature simulation and validation can help to assess the model applicability systematically as well as can be used as reference for improvment and perfection of the model. The data used in this research come from the simulation results of ten years (2000-2009) obtained by Regional Climate Model and the relevant meteorological observation data from 752 stations. The research methods are mainly mathematical statistics, comparison and analysis as well as correlation validation. In this paper, temperature and its change in the recent decade (2000-2009) in China were first simulated by RegCM3, and then the results were validated preliminarily and analyzed in detail based on meteorological observation data. The results show that the model can simulate the temperature distribution, gradient changes and obvious high temperature centers in general, and the simulation results of central and eastern China are better than western China, such as Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Sinkiang. The temperature change simulations of 2005-2009 at representative meteorological stations are consistent with those of 2000-2004, which indicates that the model has a certain simulation capability of regional climate change. Further validation shows that the model can simulate the annual and seasonal temperature change as a whole, and the simulation results are better in Northeast China and North China than in other regions. However, there is a phenomenon of systematically low value, especially for high temperature season in northern China and low temperature season in Southwest China and Yangtze River region. Therefore, there will be higher requirments for the simulation performance of the model in the future, and we need to do further research in improving the physical and chemical mechanisms as well as using more ground-based observation data.


We investigate the single machine scheduling problem with job release dates and due dates, and multiple planned unavailability time periods. This problem arises in the context of machine scheduling with planned preventive maintenance and might be viewed as a generalisation of several fundamental single-machine problems. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we propose a new lower bound that is based on the concept of semi-preemptive scheduling. Second, we propose an exact algorithm that requires solving a sequence of one-machine problems without availability constraints. We report the results of extensive computational experiments that provide evidence that the semi-preemptive lower bound is very tight and that the proposed algorithm consistently delivers optimal solution for instances with up to 1,000 jobs while requiring short CPU times. [Received 21 May 2012; Revised 14 March 2013; Revised 23 September 2013; Accepted 5 January 2014]


The whole aims, implementing steps and the main functions of the information management system are expressed in detail. Both the technical schemes and the measures to realize the whole aims are discussed.


Objective Use the method of Cochrane systematic review to evaluate the difference of two fixation methods of femoral component in hip arthroplasty in order to choose the most appropriate fixation method. Methods Searches was applied to the following electronic databases: Chinese Bimedical Database (CBM) (1979Dec. 2004), MEDLINE (1966 Feb. 2005), EMBASE (19842004) and The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2004). We handsearched Chinese Journal of Orthopaedy, the Journal of Bone and Joint Injury and Orthopaedic Journal of China (from establishment to Feb. 2005). Randomized controlled trials(RCT) were indentified and we applied RevMan 4.2 for statistical analysis. Results Nine RCTs involving 1 075 hips were included. The combined results of meta-analysis showed that the embolization occurred more commonly in the first and second generation cemented group (OR 0.02, 95%CI 0 to 0.11, P 0.000 01 ), but this difference was not seen between the third generation cemented group and uncemented group (OR 0.80, 95%CI 0.36 to 1.78, P=0.58); The subsidence of femoral component (OR 12.20, 95%CI 3.58 to 41.54, P 0.000 1 ) and the cortical hypertrophy (OR 69.97, 95%CI 27.88 to 175.57, P 0.000 01 ) were more commonly found in uncemented group; the thigh pain occurrence, the revision for the femoral component's cause and heterotopic ossification were found no significant difference in the two groups. Conclusions Compared with noncemented group, we found that cemented fixation may be more associated with embolism in the first and second generation cemented technique and less with femoral subsidence and cortical hypertrophy. There was no significant difference in embolization between the third generation cemented technique group and noncemented group. However, more randomized controlled trials to evaluate the occurrence of the postoperative thigh pain, revision and heterotopic ossification are needed.


. A theory of magnetized pair plasma is obtained by the method of bosonization on the lowest Landau level. Force-free electrodynamics emerges in the strong-field limit. Potential applications to neutron star magnetospheres are suggested.


This note discusses the extraction of in‡ation expectations using an a¢ ne term structure model that incorporates information from markets for U.S. Treasuries, in‡ationprotected securities (TIPS), in‡ation options, and swaps. The empirical analysis suggests that despite the observed volatility in market-based in‡ation compensation, the U.S. in‡ation expectations appear to be anchored and stable over time. The recent variations in the observed breakeven in‡ation is largely driven by a signi…cant liquidity premium. As a by-product, the model provides a valuable platform for conducting policy experiments such as estimation of probability of a particular in‡ation scenario. JEL Classi…cation: G12, E43, E44, C32.


Theoretical framework: Urgent and emergency services have represented the main gateway into the health system, leading to unit overcrowding. Rearranging these services has become paramount for establishing criteria so that patients do not suffer further harm due to waiting times. Aims: To characterize the population under analysis using the Manchester Triage System in the emergency service of a hospital from one city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study using a sample of 500 medical records of systematically randomized patients. Results: The mean age was 43.85 years (sd=26.10), most patients were male (56.4%) and their birth place was Diamantina (87.4%). Of the 34 flowcharts used, the most common were unwell adult, abdominal pain, chest pain, sore throat, wounds and vomiting, corresponding to 44% of the ratings. 50.8% of the patients were classified as green or blue. Conclusion: The unit is used as a gateway into the health service and the most relevant complaints for which people seek assistance could be solved at primary health care level.


This article is based on the study carried out to establish the suitability of Zviyambe homesteads for Village tourism. The variables in the study addressed research questions that uncovered the number of people at each homestead, the way people in each homestead in Zviyambe small scale farming area use their land, the composition of the area's natural environment, the extent to which human activity in this area is in line with ecological principles, ways in which village tourism can be integrated to the present human activities in the area under study, the way in which Village Tourism would benefit the local communities and the possible challenges Village Tourism is likely to bring to the people in the communities that were studied. The writer carried out focus group interviews in this community and she also did participant observation. In addition, a documentary analysis was done. Findings revealed that there are over 400 underutilized homesteads in this small-scale farming area. The study also established that in this area there has always been a harmonious human activity with earth's biosphere. Through village tourism, the tourists can interact with the community, while the people will benefit from the nation's scientific and commercial expertise in conservation and the understanding of biodiversity and natural habitats in the area. Village tourism will also bring income to supplement the households' income in this area as the underutilized homesteads can be used as accommodation for tourists. Some possible effects of village tourism were identified. These include among others, the possibility of acculturation and exposure to undesirable habits brought to the area by tourists. The researcher came up with Recommendations and possible interventions by Zimbabwe Council of Tourism (ZTA), Ministry of Tourism and Hospitality, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources and Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs).


The effectiveness of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is being increased to reduce the cost and risk of a mission [Doherty et al. 2000]. Since the advent of small sized but high performance UAVs, the use of a group of UAVs for performing a joint mission is of major interest. However, the development of a UAV is expensive, and a small error in automatic control results in a crash. Therefore, it is useful to develop and verify the coordination behavior of UAVs through software simulation prior to real testing. We describe how an actor-based simulation platform supports distributed simulators, and present three cooperation strategies: self-interested UAVs, sharing-based cooperation, and team-based coordination. Our experimental results show how communication among UAVs improves the overall performance of a collection of UAVs on a joint mission.


A novel cyclophane consisting of diphenylamine and piperazine skeletons was synthesized by their direct 2:2 condensation using benzene as a template. The cyclophane was a very effective ligand for alkaline metal and ammonium cations, and showed highly selective extractability for lithium cation.


Background Cytokine gene polymorphisms have been extensively studied in association with different diseases. The role of cytokine gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis (MS), as a chronic immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease, has been previously reported. Materials and methods DNA samples were collected from 44 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 140 unrelated healthy subjects. All participants in this study were matched for ethnicity. Cytokine gene SNPs were determined using the PCR-SSP method. Results and discussion We found no significant differences between MS patients and controls in most of the studied cytokine genes. Remarkable results were obtained for IL-2 GG —330 genotype (P = 0.06), IL-6 C —174 allele (P = 0.06), CG and GG genotypes (P < 0.001), and GG (P = 0.02) and CG (P < 0.001) haplotypes, and TNF-α A —238 allele (P < 0.001), GG (P = 0.003) and GA (P < 0.001) haplotypes. These results suggest that polymorphic variations of these pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in susceptibility to MS. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 253–255. http://msj.sagepub.com


This study was aimed at determining the relationship between perceived organizational support, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of staff of sports departments. It was carried out in a descriptive - survey method and as a field study. The study sample consisted of 149 employees of the sports departments. Three questionnaires, namely Perceived Organizational Support Questionnaire (POSQ), Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) were used for data collection purposes. Multiple regressions were used for data analysis. Results showed that perceived organizational support is significantly associated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment. As well, there was a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Generally, perceived organizational support plays an important role in determining job satisfaction and organizational commitment of sports departments' staff (p<0.05).


Plaintiff, the United States, brought an action in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and four individuals seeking an injunction to close the PLO's Permanent Observer Mission (Mission) to the United Nations as violative of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 1987 (ATA). The district court (per Palmieri, J.) entered summary judgment for defendants and held: (1) the ATA does not require the closure of the PLO's Mission to the United Nations; (2) the status of the PLO's Mission, an invitee of the United Nations, is protected by the Agreement Between the United States and the United Nations Regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations (Headquarters Agreement); and (3) Congress did not intend the ATA to supersede the Headquarters Agreement.


The Copperbelt region of Central Africa sits at the crossroads of political borders, trade corridors, migratory flows, and identity formations. The division of the region by a colonial/national border shaped not only its differential political economy, but also how this was perceived and represented. At the heart of all such representations was the relationship between minerals and their supposed capacity to effect economic, political, and social transformation. This article analyzes how this relationship has been understood and articulated from the precolonial period until today, and the ways that actual and potential mineral wealth have underwritten successive, often contested, political projects and aspirations. In identifying changes and enduring patterns in miningbased political representation, it suggests an alternative history of the Copperbelt region rooted in the political imaginaries surrounding mining and its potential for transformation.


Critical thinking and mathematical thinking are inexorably linked and indispensable in solving engineering problems. Therefore, a study to understand how the pertinent elements of critical thinking and mathematical thinking relate and interact in the real-world engineering practice is timely crucial. Unfortunately, there is not much information available explicating about the link. The first part of this paper reports a review on these matters based on rather limited resources. The second part describes a research design to conduct the study in order to understand the interrelation and interaction among the pertinent elements of critical thinking and mathematical thinking. It is followed by a discussion on findings of a pilot study. Insights from the review and the pilot study provide useful information for conducting the main study.


This study focuses on the relationship between housing prices and regional factors such as land uses, public transportation facilities, and urban utilities. Using linear regression on a extensive data combining real estate prices, location information, and other characteristics in Shanghai, we explored the linear relationship, positive or negative, between these factors and the housing prices. The results of this study would contribute to the large body of literature of housing studies.


Challenges in the development of air transport in Irkutsk Oblast are analyzed. Ways of reforming aircraft companies in Irkutsk Oblast are indicated.


Canine hip dysplasia is a highly prevalent, genetic, osteoarthritic disease that causes mild to severe pain and variable degrees of disability in dogs afflicted with the condi- tion. Except for the most severe forms of the disease, most dogs with canine hip dysplasia show minimal to no clinical signs. Understanding the disease helps veterinarians make evi- dence-based medical decisions tailored to individual patients.


Corrugation is proposed as a means of reducing the out-of-plane warpage in surface micromachined beams that result from an asymmetric vertical stress profile. Corrugation increases beam bending stiffness without increasing film thickness, making the beam more immune to intrinsic vertical stress gradients without requiring longer film deposition times, increased beam mass, or careful stress optimization. The technique was tested using a dual-thickness metal surface micromachining process with a photoresist sacrificial layer. Several corrugation patterns and geometries were tested, and the best performing pattern was implemented on a MEMS actuator array. The off-state to on-state capacitance delta of the array improved from 0.24 to 0.7pF and the beam curvature decreased from 180 to 50 nm compared with an uncorrugated array. Other device performance parameters, such as 30 V pull-in voltage and 5 billion cycle switching lifetime, were unaffected.


Fortunately, the beak, one antenna and halfofa wing were intact enough to identify the roaming creature as a Hemiptera ("true bug"), probably a damsel bug, belonging to the family Nabidae, genus Abis. This bug has the same general shape, although smaller size, as the dreaded kissing and assassin bugs. The damsel bug is a common predator of small insects, such as aphids and caterpillars and is often found in grassland areas. The patient undoubtedly acquired this inadvertent hijacker during their forced cohabitation ofthe roadside field. Several important lessons are revealed by this case. First, despite thorough physician prepping and hygienic efforts for the patient, completely sterile conditions are not always achievable in the operating room, especially when dealing with trauma or emergency operations. Fortunately, with the use of prophylactic antibiotics, this insect probably transmitted no infection, despite the millions of bacteria, belonging to hundreds of species, which have been found to cover a single insect.2 Finally, it is well recognized that few of even the most common insects seen by laypersons are identified correctly. Without the necessary appendages, the insect in this case may not have been distinguishable from other more serious pests. Therefore, it is valuable to save for proper identification any questionable arthropod, just as one would send for histologic confirmation most "probably benign" subcutaneous nodules. If an arthropod is to be identified, make sure it is reasonably intact; even the most experienced entomologists have difficulty when presented with disarticulated "bugs," or mere remnants thereof. RONALD A. SHERMAN, MD Department of Internal Medicine JAMES SPIEGEL, MD Department of Orthopedics REGINA F. GANDOUR, MD Department of Pathology University of California, Davis, Medical Center Sacramento, CA 95817


This paper intends to sketch out how the understanding of landscape has changed today, using painting as an interpretative tool. As this paper argues, the contemporary sense of landscape is considered through historical, political, social, cultural, and aesthetic facets. Differentiating from the Kantian notion of landscape as an aesthetic category in the domain of visual arts, it has achieved multiple layers of meaning, rather than only referring to gardens and agricultural areas. The extent of the landscape began to change in the 19th century due to industrialization, exploration of new territories, and the development of technology, botany, and geography. Since the 20th century, the concept has also included immaterial constituents in addition to technological, cultural, and social developments. It has become a social construct as an expression of ideas, memories, imagination, and feelings. Pointing to an active and flowing system, rather than a static and visual one, today, the landscape is grasped as an interdisciplinary and collaborative production. It defies distinct urban zonings and proposes ambiguity, vagueness, and contradiction, as it expands the issue through the concepts of anti-landscape and non-landscape. Anti-landscape indicates marginalized and unsuccessfully man-modified lands, whereas non-landscape describes unused and neglected lands. This paper traces the shift of landscape as a dynamic force in the recent paintings of the contemporary Turkish artist, Yıldız Arun. Her works in landscape, anti-landscape, and non-landscape reflect immateriality and immanence as a dynamic and interactive system. In her paintings, the landscape emerges as an affective field of an internal order with a capacity to transmit affects and sensations in Deleuzian sense. It becomes a force field, which flows into a multiplicity of intensities, revealed by layers of colors, lines, and brush strokes. The juxtaposition of spirituality and materiality turns her canvases into generative fields of multiple encounters affected by each stroke. As this paper shows, the landscape does not point to a pre-defined, extrinsic, static, and visual area, but a force field in flux, with a capacity to produce potentials, reciprocal relations, and immanent affects.Article received: April 17, 2019; Article accepted: June 23, 2019; Published online: September 15, 2019; Original scholarly paperHow to cite this article: Balik Gökhan, Deniz Balık Lökçe. "On the Relationship of Landscape and Painting." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 19 (2019): 29-44. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i19.305


Aim To research the effects of a compound Traditional Chinese medicine-QingQing No.Ⅰ on improving microcirculation of the brain microvessel convulsion.Methods The cerebrate of the rats were opened windows and the blood flow of brain capillary of rats stopped by the electrode(BCE).Effects of QingQing No.Ⅰ on the capillaries of brain were observed under the microscope.Results Compared with the control group,in the group treated the dilating time was longer than that of the part artery of the non-BCE in the near.The diameters of the brain microvessel and the in quantities of the blood capillary recovering blood flows were incneased.There were no obvious difference of the experiment results between the compound Chinese medicine group and the Zhen Nao Ning group.Conclusion The compound Chinese medicine and Zhen Nao Ning both have effects on microcirculation of pia mater membrane of rats,which accelerated recovery of blood flow of blood capillary and improved the microcirculation of pia mater membrane of rats.The two groups do not have the apparent difference.


Abstract Gram‐positive bacteria ubiquitously produce membrane vesicles (MVs), and although they contribute to biological functions, our knowledge regarding their composition and immunogenicity remains limited. Here we examine the morphology, contents and immunostimulatory functions of MVs produced by three Staphylococcus aureus strains; a methicillin resistant clinical isolate, a methicillin sensitive clinical isolate and a laboratory‐adapted strain. We observed differences in the number and morphology of MVs produced by each strain and showed that they contain microbe‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) including protein, nucleic acids and peptidoglycan. Analysis of MV‐derived RNA indicated the presence of small RNA (sRNA). Furthermore, we detected variability in the amount and composition of protein, nucleic acid and peptidoglycan cargo carried by MVs from each S. aureus strain. S. aureus MVs activated Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2, 7, 8, 9 and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain containing protein 2 (NOD2) signalling and promoted cytokine and chemokine release by epithelial cells, thus identifying that MV‐associated MAMPs including DNA, RNA and peptidoglycan are detected by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Moreover, S. aureus MVs induced the formation of and colocalized with autophagosomes in epithelial cells, while inhibition of lysosomal acidification using bafilomycin A1 resulted in accumulation of autophagosomal puncta that colocalized with MVs, revealing the ability of the host to degrade MVs via autophagy. This study reveals the ability of DNA, RNA and peptidoglycan associated with MVs to activate PRRs in host epithelial cells, and their intracellular degradation via autophagy. These findings advance our understanding of the immunostimulatory roles of Gram‐positive bacterial MVs in mediating pathogenesis, and their intracellular fate within the host.


42 counties in Central Yunnan Economic Zone was regard as research unit in this paper. Principal Component Analysis and the evaluation models of the coordination degree have been used to analyze spatial pattern and time variation characteristics, which include both the county economic development level and the coordination degree of county economic development level and water resource in Central Yunnan Economic Zone. The result shows: (1)From 1999 to 2009, the difference of county economic development level has enlarged as if waves. The spatial structure in this region evolved from pole nucleus type to Pole-axis type gradually. At the same time, The difference of coordination has been gradually enlarged.(2)For the coordinated development of all regions, some measures should be taken such as strengthening the radiation effect of growth poles, optimizing the regional spatial structure and promoting the coordinated development of industrial structure.


Based on abundant and concentrative stone of deep excavation, moderate and deep boring and blowing up technique were used in Jin liwen freeway, then, good engineering effect was got. It proved that deep boring blowing up in deep excavation of freeway is effective.


A new subspecies, which seems to be of hybrid origination, is described from subalpine zone of the Altai-Sayan mountains. Poa glauca s.l and P.versicolor s.l. are supposed to be parental species. This new subspecies is recognized within the polytypical species P.araratica, which, probably, is of the same origin.


Bradysia paupera Tuomikoski was included in a group of dipterous known with the name of Fungus gnats wich are pests of greenhouses of ornamentals and fodder crops. As many authors in different countries reported continuous attacks of Bradysia paupera and its presence causing damages in a nursery of Eucalyptus of Pontevedra lead us to the realization of a study about its morphology, biology and possibilities of control. In the conditions of the study, the life-cycle was completed in 3-4 weeks; in the chemical and biological control trials were attained very satisfactory results which means both possibilities are effective for the control of this insect.


We study classical binary fluid mixtures in which densities vary on very short time (ps) and length (nm) scales, such that hydrodynamics does not apply. In a pure fluid with a localized heat pulse the breakdown of hydrodynamics was overcome using Green's functions which connect the initial densities to those at later times. Numerically it appeared that for long times the results from the Green's functions would approach hydrodynamics. In this paper we extend the Green's functions theory to binary mixtures. For the case of isothermal isobaric mutual diffusion in isotopic binary mixtures and ideal binary mixtures, which is easier to handle than heat conduction yet still non-trivial, we show analytically that in the Green's function approach one recovers hydrodynamic behaviour at long time scales provided the system reaches local equilibrium at long times. This is a first step toward giving the Green's function theory a firmer basis because it can for this case be considered as an extension of hydrodynamics.


The article deals with specialized women's media and their role in the formation of new behavioral patterns of peasant women in the first decade of the Soviet period. The author analyzes the main behavior models, life strategies proposed for the "new" "liberated" Soviet women in media. In addition to the well-known all-Union magazines "The Communist woman" and "The Peasant Woman" in this article there were used Siberian media - the magazines "The Red Siberian Woman" and "The Siberian village". The regional press, not so official, adapted to local realities, gives the researcher valuable representation of the Soviet propaganda influence in Siberian backwoods. The press modeled more "effective" life scenarios; women were encouraged to take up activity-position to take unconventional solutions to change theirs "hard fate", "women's destiny". It is important to note that the proposed patterns of behavior are not very diverse campaigning rid of "oppressive fathers, brothers and husbands". All the scenarios again boiled down to the idea of service, but this time to the public interest. Thus, the policy of "emancipation of women" for the most part was reduced to the integration of women in the public space, without trying to understand their true needs, to take into account their aspirations and, ultimately, to protect their best interests.


In 2009, the Government of the Russian Federation established the Russian Arctic National Park in the northern part of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. In 2016, its territory expanded considerably, practically the entire territory of Franz Josef Land was included. Bukhta Tikhaya (Tikhaya Bay, « Calm Bay » in English) on Hooker Island, one of the first and very well-preserved polar stations in the Arctic, became the main stronghold of the National Park on Franz Josef Land (Fig. 1). Almost all sh...


: Ayurveda is such a holistic science that sustain the health of millions of human beings over this terra by improving the quality of standard of living and by providing curative measures for varieties of disorders. If a man follows rules described in Dincharya and Ritucharya , his longevity may be enhanced. Brahma Muhurta is a specific time that recharges biological clock in human being and maintain its rhythm and pattern day long. A biological clock or a C ircadian Rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 Hours, some exogenous or external factor such as light, temperature etc. affects the circardian rythem in human called zeigeber . The deranged lifestyle also affect this clock, as a result several undesirable traits and diseases are evolved. This pre-dawn time is very useful for meditation and yogik kriyas , his smriti (memory) becomes sharp and he moves toward the ultimate goal of yoga i.e. Moksha . As per ayurvedic ideology, the Brahma Muhurta pacify the vata that certainly control the mana. Hence Brahma Muhurta is necessary for spiritual evolution. The person who wakes up early in the morning his ageing process become delayed. It is also a perfect time to align us with cosmic power as per Lok purush samya siddhanta .


The objectives of this research were to know the dissemination of the conservation technology by opinion leaders, extension agent , and mass media. The metods of collecting the primary data has done with interview, with the sum of samples are 60 peoples. The data analysis used by the ANOVA. The results of this research were the dissemination of the conservation technology at high levels, and the roles of opinion leaders which influence to diffution levels of the conservation technology were higher better than extension agent and mass media. Keywords:  The Role of Opinion Leaders, Dissemination, and Dry Land Conservation Technology


Aesthetics has experienced the traditional ontological transition in modern times,and it seems that the confronting between the aesthetics of ontology and that of essence will end up in the latter's dissolution by the former.Attempting to elaborate the transition process,this paper expounds the relationship between ontology and essence so as to find an certain answer to this question and give a review of post-modern phenomena.


The concept of Large Marine Ecosystems assesses the state and dynamics of long-term changes in qualitative and quantitative indicators of macrophytobenthos (macroalgae and seagrasses) of the Russian southern seas. It is shown that changes in the species composition and spatial distribution of macrophytobenthos of marine ecosystems (the Sea of Azov, the Caspian Sea) are associated with fluctuations in salinity and sea level. For the Caspian Sea northern part (Russian sector) since the early 2000s. there is an increase in the share of sap-robial complex of green and red algae, the expansion of the habitat of Zostera noltii, due to changes in salinity and water level in the reservoir. The greatest destruction of macrophytobenthos in the Black Sea observed in marine estuaries, port areas, including in Novorossiysk Bay. The most resistant to the action of petroleum products are brown algae (Cystoseria), less green (Ulva) and red (Ceramium). Mathematical models of the Northern Caspian water and coastal-water vegetation response to changes in water level and salinity are constructed. These models adequately reflect the ongoing natural processes and allow to predict the impact of climate and anthropogenic load (economic activity) on aquatic biological resources. The necessity of the macrophytobenthos ecosystem "services" assessment for the Russian economy is pointed out.


A Multitouch screen is an obvious choice for a holographic optical tweezers interface, allowing multiple optical traps to be controlled in real-time. In this paper we describe the user interface used for our original multitouch system and demonstrate that, for the user tasks performed, the multitouch performs better than a simple point-and-click interface.


System, devices and methods are presented that integrate stretchable or flexible circuitry, including arrays of active devices for enhanced sensing, diagnostic, and therapeutic capabilities. The invention enables conformal sensing contact with tissues of interest, such as the inner wall of a lumen, or the brain, or the surface of the heart. Such direct, conformal contact increases accuracy of measurement and delivery of therapy. Further, the invention enables the incorporation of both sensing and therapeutic devices on the same substrate allowing for faster treatment of diseased tissue and fewer devices to perform the same procedure.


To establish a comprehensive index evaluation system , to evaluate the effectiveness of research approach teaching, and to promote the reform of teaching methods. The data of questionnaire on 231 nursing college students were used to calculate the resolution, reliability and validity of the index evaluation system. Alpha coefficient was 0.86. KMO value was 0.848, and using factor analysis to extract common factors, the potential variables of six common factors reflect the teaching effectiveness from five areas.


This study aims to see students' computational thinking in solving social statistics questions and to find out why students experience their mistakes. This type of research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The subjects used in this study were Governmental Science students taking the Social Statistics course. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation and tests. The instruments used in this study were the observation sheet and the test question sheet. The analysis is carried out by reducing the data first, then presenting the data, and ending by concluding the results of the computational thinking indicator. The results showed that all aspects of computational thinking have been carried out by students, starting from Decomposition, Pattern Recognition, Abstraction, and Algorithm design. Students get the highest percentage, namely algorithm design with 84% and the lowest on decomposition with 65.5%. The cause of errors, in general, is because students are not used to completing in a structured manner. Students are accustomed to solving problems by directly substituting values into the formula without first writing down what is known and looking for what is needed in the questions first.


The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assessment of Adhatoda vasica, Azadirachta indica and Datura stramonium leaf extract. These plants were collected; aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared by soxhlet extraction process. The phytochemical analysis of extracts were performed, and antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of all plant material at dose of 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml concentrations against various strains were done. These extract were studied through agar diffusion method against E. coli, S. aureus, S. Bacillus bacteria and Rhizopus fungi and their comparison with standard ofloxacin. The phytochemical study inferred the presence of secondary metabolites which assist their herbal properties. Azadirachta indica was effective against all of these micro-organisms. While Adhatoda vasica and Datura stramonium were less effective as compared to Azadirachta indica and ineffective against Rhizopus fungi. Azadirachta indica had shown almost equal anti-microbial activity, against all species of microbes which was taken in study as compared to standard ofloxacin. Thus in future, extract of these plants may be beneficial for another several species of microbes and mixture of these plants may be more effective as compared to standard drugs.


In this paper, the economic viability of using behind-the-meter battery energy storage (BMBES) for time-of-use (ToU) energy arbitrage and demand charge (DC) reduction is compared. The study focuses on residential applications where the BMBES is installed at end-users premises and used for daily cycling under ToU and DC plans for saving on monthly electricity bills. Under the current U.S. electricity prices, different case studies of using two BMBES systems are discussed. The two systems are analyzed with practical load profiles of a two-story American family house. A number of ToU and DC plans from different utility companies and with different pricing structures are applied. First, the mathematical formulation of the monthly savings in the electricity bill is presented to determine the different technical and economic factors that affect the savings. Then, the System Advisor Model (SAM) software tool, which provides a techno-economic model of battery storage systems, is used for hourly, monthly, and annual analysis. In each scenario, the economic performance of the BMBES systems in terms of the cash flow diagram, net present worth and payback period is presented and discussed. Based on the analysis results, a set of implications on the profitability of the ToU energy arbitrage and DC reduction schemes under current prices of energy storage and electricity rates are stated. Such implications can be beneficial to customers and practitioners for selecting and designing residential electric rates.


The rocket weapon with high-speed maneuverability is strong nonlinear,and the traditional linear method with little disturb does not fit anymore.So the geometry method was introduced.The differential geometry method can realize decoupling and precisely linear for strong coupling nonlinear system.The method was adopted to solve the nonlinear system's coupling problem and simulation results indicate that the method is feasible.


Business-formation in a segment of programs МВА enters a new stage of the development. It is connected with the statement the Ministry of Education and sciences of the Russian Federation of the State requirements to a minimum of the maintenance and a level of requirements to experts for reception of additional qualification «The master of business administration (МВА)».


The invention relates to a wiper system assembly (1), especially for a motor vehicle, with at least one electric drive means (2), with at least one by the drive means (2) drivable wiper lever (6), with a holding element (1), which (to the drive means 2) is fixed and at least supports a wiper lever and with one (to a body part, in particular of the motor vehicle, can be fastened bearing plate 9) (with the drive device 2) is releasably connected / can be connected, wherein the retaining element (7) between the bearing plate (9) and the drive means (2) with the interposition of at least one damping element (12) is at least frictionally retained.


Abstract Aim: To investigate whether mid-pregnancy inflammation predicts the rate of subsequent gestational weight gain (GWG) and whether inflammation at 3 years post-partum is associated with weight and waist circumference (WC) gain during a median of 4.4 years follow-up. Subjects and methods: This study quantified CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in plasma of 886 women at ∼28 weeks gestation and calculated GWG rate (kg/week) from blood draw to delivery. At ∼3 years post-partum, CRP and IL-6 were assessed from 351 women and weight and WC were measured at 3 and 7 years post-partum. This study used linear regression to investigate the relationship between mid-pregnancy inflammation and subsequent GWG rate and the association of inflammation at 3 years post-partum with weight and WC change during follow-up. Results: After accounting for confounders, a small dose–response association of mid-gestation CRP with subsequent GWG was observed; women in the 4th CRP quartile gained weight at 0.05 (95% CI = 0.01, 0.10) kg/week faster than those in the 1st quartile. Neither IL-6 nor TNF-α was related to GWG. Post-partum inflammation was not associated with subsequent weight or WC gain. Conclusions: Higher mid-gestation CRP was related to modestly higher subsequent GWG rate. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings.


The metal‐insulator (tunnel) ‐n‐pdevice (MISS) is known to display current‐controlled negative resistance in its I‐V characteristics. This negative resistance behavior originates from a positive feedback interaction between the p‐njunction and the tunnel metal insulatorsemiconductor(MIS) parts of the device. The simple structure of the MISS and its amenability to integration has so far been masked by the incomplete understanding of the physics of operation of the device. In this paper, the effect of the surface states at the semiconductor‐insulator interface on the MISS behavior is considered. It is shown that the bias dependence of the charge stored in the surface states reduces the switching voltage V w below the punch‐through or avalanche breakdown limits. A simplified model of the MISS is developed taking into account the different roles of the surface states as charge storage centers, recombination centers, and tunnel‐current carrying sites. This model is believed to bridge the gap between the previous theoretical models and experimental works.


Fluctuations of currencies are generally expected to influence international travelers in their decisions as to what particular country to visit. This study examines the impact of the recent devaluations of the U.S. dollar on the U. S. travel account and the U.S. balance of payments for selected nationalities of international travelers.


Regarding the importance of providing the feasibility of information access for medical library users and the outstanding Interlibrary Loan project among Iranian universities of medical sciences, the current research has been developed to study the factors influencing Interlibrary Loan process among medical sciences libraries in Iran. This study was performed on the all central libraries of medical sciences universities in Iran. Data were collected through five-point Likert scale questionnaires. The questionnaire has been standardized during the study. Factors analysis has been done to extract & regroup the influencing factors. Moreover, the importance of each item was calculated in each group. The relationship between the responders` attitudes and their sex and work experience has been identified using different statistical tests. Results show that Interlibrary Loan process among Iranian medical libraries is influenced by different factors which are classified into four different categories: Technological, Economical, Organizational and Human-related. It seems that the technological factors have the dominant effectiveness. After that, the organizational factors have the second level of importance. Human-related and economical factors are on the third and fourth levels of importance.
To promote Interlibrary Loan among Iranian medical libraries, the four mentioned categories should be taken into consider and practice because Interlibrary Loan is a multi-dimensional process, the success of which is indebted to consideration and application of the whole influencing factors and their levels of importance.


Abstract : Under the direction of DoD, future Modeling and Simulation (M&S) efforts will be required to comply with the High Level Architecture (HLA) set forth by the Defense Modeling and Simulation Agency (DMSO). This document provides the fundamental guidelines associated with developing/transitioning advanced M&S concepts of the future as required by DoD.


The research presented in this paper proposes a method for the development of photorealistic, physical terrain models using full-color 3D printing, along with an efficiency assessment (i.e., cartographic correctness). The rapid development of 3D printing technology in recent years has caused a growth in the number of solutions allowing the automatic or semi-automatic generation of digital terrain representations that can be then 3D printed. Unfortunately, most of these solutions do not consider cartographic principles and their products cannot be referred to as 3D maps. The methodology proposed in this paper takes into account issues related to proper cartographic design, so that highly reliable models can be created. The main challenges identified during the research include choosing the optimal pixel size for Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation, which is used for landform representation, and integrating raster and vector data. Printing accuracy assessment is of high importance and, thus, a method for its implementation has been proposed. In order to verify the usability of the proposed methodology, the natural heritage site of the Valley of Five Polish Ponds, in the Tatra Mountains, Poland, has been chosen as the case study area. The results suggest that the proposed methodology can be successfully used for the preparation of highly accurate 3D maps that can be used for natural heritage documentation, promotion and visualization, as well as for the purposes of spatial planning and education.


The aim of this trial was to evaluate the initial development of Campomanesia adamantium grown under different phosphorus and nitrogen rates. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados-MS. It was studied five phosphorus rates (20, 120, 200, 280 and 380 kg ha-1) in the form of superphosphate and five nitrogen rates (6, 36, 60, 84 and 114 kg ha-1) in the form of ammonium sulfate. Treatments were defined using the Plan Puebla experimental matrix, resulting in nine combinations, respectively, of phosphorus and nitrogen (kg ha-1): 280 and 84, 280 and 36, 120 and 6, 120 and 36, 120 and 84, 200 and 60, 380 and 84, 20 and 36 and 280 and 114. The experimental design was randomized block with four replications. Experimental unit consisted of five vessels, with one plant per pot. The trial harvest was carried out 270 days after transplanting (DAT). Highest rates of N and P resulted on the greatest plant height (38.12 cm) reached after 261 DAT, maximum number of leaves per plant (54) at 186 DAT, highest dry weight of leaves (13.99 and 5.68 g plant-1) and root (15.9 and 6.2 g plant-1), greatest leaf area (610 cm2 plant-1) and number of branches (3 planta-1), all at 270 DAT. The average of Chlorophyll levels was 36 ICF. Thus, it's recommend the supply of high doses of phosphorus (380 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (114 kg ha-1) for guavira cultivation.


........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Data Profiling ................................................................................................................................................ 7 Classification Model .................................................................................................................................... 11 Linear Regression Model............................................................................................................................. 14 Analytical Model ......................................................................................................................................... 16 Biological Role of Identified Significant Genes ........................................................................................... 17 Standard Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol ........................................... 20 Treatment Personalization Based on Identified Significant Genes............................................................. 20 Return on Investment Potential ................................................................................................................. 21 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................. 22 References .................................................................................................................................................. 23 Disclaimer: The views, processes or methodologies published in this article are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect Dell EMC's views, processes or methodologies. Dell, EMC and other trademarks are trademarks of Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries.


The causes and contributing factors to wafer contamination during plasma processing are discussed in the context of future technologies for controlling particle contamination by tool and process design and by the development of wafer dry cleaning technology. The importance of these developments is linked with the history of technological innovation and with the continuing evolution of the cleanroom from a highly developed facility for reducing ambient particle levels to an integrated, synergistic approach involving facilities and tooling for impeding the formation and transport of particles while also actively removing particles from sensitive surfaces. The methods, strategy and requirements for innovation in contamination control for plasma processing is discussed from a diachronic viewpoint.


Quality is better than equality. Institutions and customs which seek equality for equality's sake are useless, and likely to be pernicious. Edward Lee Thorndike(1) In a 40th anniversary retrospective of Brown vs Board or Education, USA Today noted how the late Supreme Court justice Thurgood Marshall resented society's reluctance to embrace integration. "We are not yet all equals," Marshall wrote in a 1988 memo to his fellow justices. "As to this country being a melting pot--either the Negro did not get in the pot or he did not get melted down...The disparity between the races is increasing."(2) Typical of the post Brown era, Marshall's view reflects modern egalitarian assumptions about racial inequality--namely that most civil members of society are responsible for this dilemma. With growing middle class enclave of predominantly white suburbs and an urban underclass of ethnic minorities, many continue to believe as Jack Kemp does that the right mix of economic, social and political reforms can reverse this racial fragmentation of society. The premises behind these legal and social reforms, which were intended to reverse racial inequality, are rarely if ever challenged. Can social engineering bring about universal human equality? Although racial inequality is often viewed as a "societal" condition, social critics have failed to explain how "society" actually causes this inequality. Few if any distinctions are ever made between equality before the law (equal rights) and a natural condition of human equality (egalitarianism). As social policy advocates, egalitarians have been effective in making any distinction between equality of rights and innate human equality ambiguous. This ambiguity is primarily a modern phenomenon since progressive and conservative scholars in the past understood the distinction between political and biological equality. Now, confusion prevails not only because of the widespread acceptance and unchallenged assumptions of egalitarianism, but also because the case for human biological equality remains inconclusive. In the wake of Brown, American legal and social policy: outlawed segregation, enacted a host of civil and voting rights laws, adopted equal opportunity measures in both the public and private sectors (including a ban on the use of IQ tests for hiring and promotions), implemented affirmative action measures in education and the workplace, introduced quotas and set asides that award federal contracts to "disadvantaged" minority firms, and established a range of anti-poverty programs--from medicaid and WIC to headstart and the earned income tax credit--in order to reshape society into an egalitarian landscape free of racial inequality. If forty years of desegregation and social engineering have failed to produce egalitarian results, then the assumptions of modern social reformers become suspect. As long as the concept of equality remains ambiguous, social welfare policies that are intended to reduce human inequality will remain dubious as well. Unlike the colorblind goals of civil rights activists that embraced equal opportunity, the contemporary agenda of fanatical egalitarians like Jonathan Kozol is nothing less than the total elimination of income disparities and group differences. However, a society with group-based hierarchies isn't necessarily intolerant or repressive. Is it reasonable to believe that the lack of opportunity is all that prevents an egalitarian leveling of group distinctions or could other factors unrelated to discrimination also contribute to human inequality? Social critics who often consider inequality in terms of "social" or "distributive" justice refuse to clarify what "racial equality" fully entails. Is this inequality measured in terms of tangible or non-tangible results? For instance, the success or failure of equal opportunity is often evaluated against social policies that are intended to produce equal outcomes. …


The conception of 'exhibition'was introduced to China from Japan. It was called 'commodity fair'in modern China. It was a new thing in the Chinese economic field which appeared in the early twentieth century. People's recognition of exhibition and the development of exhibition in modern China closely linked with nationalism. This article tries to analyze the development and evolution of this conception,and to analyze the relationship between exhibition and nationalism in modern China.


Recently, the amount of generated time series data has been increasing rapidly in many areas such as healthcare, security, meteorology and others. However, it is very rare that those time series are annotated. For this reason, unsupervised machine learning techniques such as anomaly detection are often used with such data. There exist many unsupervised algorithms for anomaly detection ranging from simple statistical techniques such as moving average or ARIMA till complex deep learning algorithms such as LSTM-autoencoder. For a nice overview of the recent algorithms we refer to read [2,1]. Difficulties with the unsupervised approach are: defining an anomaly score to correctly represent how anomalous is the time series, and setting a threshold for that score to distinguish between normal and anomaly data. Supervised anomaly detection, on the other hand, needs an expensive involvement of a human expert. An additional problem with supervised anomaly detection is usually the occurrence of very low ratio of anomalies, yielding highly imbalanced data. In this extended abstract, we propose an active learning extension for an anomaly detector based on a LSTM-autoencoder. It performs active learning using various classification algorithms and addresses data imbalance with oversampling and under-sampling techniques. We are currently testing it on the ECG5000 dataset from the UCR time series classification archive [3].


Abstract Background Penicillin allergy is the commonest reported drug allergy in the UK. However, it is estimated that under 10% are true allergies. Evidence shows that using second-line antibiotics is associated with worse clinical outcomes, greater healthcare costs and increased risk of antimicrobial resistance. Objectives To evaluate the completeness of allergy history taking as per Trust guidelines on penicillin allergy classification, for patients with a positive penicillin allergy status presenting through the Emergency Department (ED) at the Royal Berkshire Hospital (RBH). Methods In the first audit, 30 consecutive patients prescribed antibiotics in the acute medical unit (AMU) via ED at RBH were selected in April 2021. Electronic patient records were reviewed for the percentage documentation of the causative antibiotic, symptoms, time and management of reaction in those with an active penicillin allergy status. Findings were fed back to the ED team at departmental teaching. Thirty consecutive patients with recorded penicillin allergy presenting to ED were selected for re-audit in June 2021. Results A small improvement in penicillin allergy history documentation was seen between the first audit and re-audit (Figure 1). However, 56% of patients' notes still lacked enough information to classify severity. Under 5% of patients' documented allergy history constituted absolute contraindication to penicillin-based antibiotics (Figure 2).Figure 1. A bar chart comparing the completeness of penicillin allergy history documentation between audits 1 and 2.Figure 2. A pie chart summarizing the severity categorization by documented history in all audited patients with a recorded penicillin allergy. Conclusions Penicillin allergy documentation in patients presenting through ED at RBH remained below the standard of Trust guidance despite educating the ED team on the issue. This project has instigated an update in the Trust penicillin allergy classification guidelines and a multidisciplinary quality improvement project to identify and challenge inappropriate penicillin allergy labels.


Introduction: Long-term use of fluoroscopy in cardiac interventional procedures increases the patient's dose and causes severe skin reactions which lead to increased concern. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk and the effects of X- ray irradiation on apoptosis in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients treated with ablation in electrophysiology studies. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with ablation therapy participated in this study. The absorbed dose in the given area was measured by Thermo Luminescent Dosimeter (TLD). Duration of dose delivery, absorbed dose by the apparatus and dose area product factor were measured for each patient. The skin changes were observed from one day to five weeks after operation. Blood sampling was done (pre and 24hrs post treatment), and then the flow cytometry was performed to investigate the apoptotic changes in the blood lymphocytes.Results: The statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the apoptosis of patient's blood lymphocytes before irradiation and after that (P < 0.05). There was correlation between the amount of dose area product (DAP) and TLD dose (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was correlation between the total apoptosis and fluoroscopic time. Patient's radiation dose in ablation test was not in the threshold level needed to create skin erythema.Conclusions: This study, suggest that Long-time fluoroscopy in electrophysiological study may cause a significant increase of apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocyte of patients that treated with this procedure.


This article explores the issues of hospice palliative care volunteer attrition and retention (i.e., why volunteers leave and how to keep them interested). In addition, common sources of stress for volunteers will be identified and suggestions for alleviating stress will be offered. Volunteers are special people; patients and families greatly appreciate the care and support they provide and the other staff members' (e.g., nurses) jobs are often made easier because of them. Thus, maintaining a committed group of volunteers is an extremely important task for volunteer coordinators. The literature reviewed in this article focused mostly on North American studies and was limited to research that specifically involved hospice palliative care volunteers as participants.


The invention relates to a metastable unsolvated crystalline form (Form IV) of nevirapine, comprising at least two-theta a characteristic X-ray diffraction peak at about 7.1 ° to 7.5 °. The invention further relates to a method for producing a particulate unsolvated form of nevirapine.