low flexibility and limitat ion to rwo -dimcn ion al stit hing ta ks no reach -in programming Robot Assisted 3-D Stitching With robo t-supported stitching the work piece i rarionary and is not ca rried by selffeed machine clements alon g the sta tiona ry seam building place as it i in cia sical stitching. This methodology is not new and i applied for exa mple in gant ry syste m . uch sti tching systems have a number of disadvantage : 4>, 2. presser foo t


The paper proposed an identification method through the analysis of disease image,the effective feature is extracted anto maticall,and the classifier model is designed.In the paper method was studied how to enhancement processing the diseases of image,segmentat disease spot,extract feature,and Construct classifier model,etc.Then for example five of confusion between the diseases,extracting the disease spots the tone and texture,shape characteristics,after optimization respectively by using support vector machine(SVM) and BP neural network to identify disease categories.The experimental results show that this method can be a very good recognition plant disease categories for scientific control and give a scientific evaluation for the plant disease harm degree.


The invention relates to a method for controlling the surface roughness of silicon single-crystal liner material. According to the chemical property of silicon single-crystal liner material, the invention selects alkali medium; uses SiO2 hydrosol as abrasive; uses pH adjuster to adjust the pH value of solution 9-13.5; adds surface activator as FA/O to prepare the polish liquid. The invention uses two polishing steps as roughly polishing and finely polishing at different polishing conditions; roughly polishes for 10-20mins while the flux is 100-200ml/min, the temperature is 30-40Deg. C, the rotation speed is 40-120rpm and the pressure is 0.10-0.20MPa; finely polishing for 4-7mins while the flux is 800-1000ml/min, the temperature is 20-30Deg. C, the rotation speed is 30-60rpm, and the pressure is 0.05-0.10MPa. The invention can realize low roughness of single-crystal liner material.


In recent years, Information and Communication Technologies or widely known as ICT has rapidly acquired a place in society. ICT facilitates communities in terms of providing the latest information updates on various fields such as business, education, sports and many more. Various ICT applications have been developed to cater these arising needs. In ensuring the developed ICT applications achieving its purposes, user requirements must be fulfilled. Thus, gathering requirements from communities during system development is an important phase. A suitable elicitation technique is needed as this will determine the quality and accuracy of the requirements gathered which ensures success of the developed system. The same applies when developing systems for minority communities. Hence, this paper explores the existing requirement elicitation techniques to gain insight for constructing a suitable requirement elicitation technique for minority communities. As a result, a proposed framework for eliciting requirements in the minority community will be discussed.


In this paper, we consider a (nonlinear) transformation Φ of invertible positive elements in C∗-algebras which preserves the norm of any of the three fundamental means of positive elements; namely, ‖Φ(A)mΦ(B)‖ = ‖AmB‖, where m stands for the arithmetic mean A∇B = (A + B)/2, the geometric mean A#B = A(ABA)A, or the harmonic meanA!B = 2(A + B). Assuming that Φ is surjective and preserves either the norm of the arithmetic mean or the norm of the geometric mean, we show that Φ extends to a Jordan ∗-isomorphism between the underlying full algebras. If Φ is surjective and preserves the norm of the harmonic mean, then we obtain the same conclusion in the special cases where the underlying algebras are AW ∗-algebras or commutative C∗-algebras. In the commutative case, for a transformation T : F (X) ⊂ C0(X)+ → C0(Y)+, we can relax the surjectivity assumption and show that T is a generalized composition operator if T preserves the norm of the (arithmetic, geometric, harmonic, or in general any power) mean of any finite collection of positive functions, provided that the domain F (X) contains sufficiently many elements to peak on compact Gδ sets. When the image T (F (X)) also contains sufficiently many elements to peak on compact Gδ sets, T extends to an algebra ∗-isomorphism between the underlying full function algebras.


This paper considers the optimisation of stresses in the construction of a tunnel lining which is built up in stages. Where layers are constructed with a time delay in order to obtain the optimal stress distribution, the computation of stress state in a new layer must take into consideration stresses in the rock and previous layers. This is introduced into the computation by means of eigenstrains or internal strains. Similarly the prestresses of anchors are introduced by eigenstresses or internal stresses. The behaviour of the system is studied using a simplified axisymmetric layered hollow cylinder. For the covering abstract see IRRD 873901.


A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Master of Science Degree in Human Resource Management in Education of Makerere University.


to new staff members to aid integration. To overcome the limitations of social distancing, we found it was useful to attend night shifts as fewer students were present. Staff were also less overwhelmed by students and were able to offer informal teaching. Furthermore, night shifts provided unique learning experiences as patient demographics and presenting complaints varied greatly from the daytime. Indeed, we witnessed a patient death from myocardial infarction due to lack of transport. Our experience emphasises the importance of tip 6, which recommends attending 'unsocial shifts.' Overall, whilst we recognise the impact of the pandemic on medical student placements, our experience of the emergency department shows that several opportunities to learn remain. There is now a greater necessity to maximise learning opportunities in the limited time available, and we found the tips recommended in the aforementioned paper to be extremely useful in doing so. Indeed, we aim to adapt these tips for other placements to further enhance our experiences. Disclosure statement


Selection of the excitation wavelength at nonresonant and resonant Raman conditions provided detection selectivity in the tetragonal and cubic phases in CeO(2)-ZrO(2) nanocrystals, respectively. It was suggested that cubic-phase domains containing Ce(3+) deficiencies were involved in the tetragonal-phase matrix.


Acrylamide is considered as probably carcinogenic to humans. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) rates it as a Group 2A reagent. Therefore, human exposure to acrylamide in occupational settings has been of concern for a long time. Until recently, tobacco smoke was assumed to be the only major source of acrylamide exposure in the general population. Now, it is well established that acrylamide is formed in food during processing or cooking at high temperatures. Surveys showed that acrylamide can be found in most types of food, with highest amounts measured in French fries and potato chips. The concentrations found in some foods exceed the concentrations found for other environmental contaminants, such as pesticides. The Division of Laboratory Sciences at CDC's National Center for Environmental Health, through a biomonitoring program project, is assessing people's exposure to this chemical. The goal is to better assess the magnitude and distribution of human exposure to acrylamide and risks associated with this exposure in the general population. Project researchers are measuring biomarkers of exposure such as hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and its primary metabolite glycidamide. First assessments show that biomarker levels mainly range between 27 pmol/g globin and 148 pmol/g globin for acrylamide and glycidamide adducts, respectively. Biomarker values in smokers are about 3 to 4 times higher than in non-smokers. An initial study looked at the effects of acrylamide in food on biomarkers of acrylamide exposure. Results indicate that acrylamide consumed through food has a more profound effect on glycidamide adduct levels than on acrylamide adduct levels. The acrylamide biomarker concentrations determined so far are within the range reported by other investigators. Smoking appears to be an important contributor to the background exposure found in people.


Understanding of phase stability, chemical bonding, and phonon transport are essential to realize ultralow thermal conductivity in crystalline solids for designing high-performance thermoelectric (...


An analysis on conditions of strata, fracture, source reservoir caprock and late preservation of four structural belts in Wenliu area,suggests that the distribution of oil and gas in the structural belts is controlled by large faults and oil sources The formation and distribution of non structural reservoir are determined by the structural background, deposition system and assemblage of source reservoir caprock, thus there is a difference in oil and gas enrichment in structural belts. Oil and gas enrichment degree is the highest in Wenliu graben, the second in Wenxi horst and Wendong antithetic roofing area, the worst in Wenxi consequent roofing area It is pointed out that the rolling exploration direction in the area is to seek the "wall footing" block, deep oil and gas, small block reservoirs and lithologic reservoirs


By rapid thermal process,the initial thermal oxidation of single-side polished silicon wafer has been accurately obtained at 800℃ by oxygen switching for 15,30 and 60 min oxidation time to form ultra thin silicon oxide layers.The ultra thin silicon oxidation layers were analyzed.The results show that the main composition of these layers is silicon dioxide,and the thicknesses are(4.1±0.4) nm, (6.2±0.6) nm and(9.6±0.5) nm,respectively.The incomplete oxides of Si_2O_3,SiO and Si_2O all less than 5%of total oxidation layer formed at the interface between Si and SiO_2.For those silicon oxide layers with the thickness of 4.1 and 6.2 nm,the difference of the binding energy between SiO_2 and Si increases with decrease of graze angles,and the kinetic energy of photoelectron is affected by the build-in potential in the surface of the n-type silicon substrate.However,for the layers with 9.6 nm thick silicon oxide,the kinetic energy of photoelectron is dominated by the positive charge in the silicon oxide.


Virus‐like particles have been visualized by electron microscopy in the liver hepatocytes of two out of four chimpanzees inoculated with two different human non‐A, non‐B hepatitis‐implicated plasmas. The first two chimpanzees, which were infected with the same inoculum (inoculum A), developed liver histological features characteristic of mild acute viral hepatitis as well as rises in their serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Clusters of intranuclear particles, 22 ± 2 nm in diameter, were visualized in one of every fifth hepatocytes in one of these two chimpanzees. Intracytoplasmic circular membrane fusions, 100 to 350 nm in diameter, were observed in the hepatocytes of the other chimpanzee receiving inoculum A.


Abstract Fluorescence spectra were obtained in laminar, gaseous, rich premixed and diffusion flames employing different harmonics of a pulsed Nd: YAG laser. Spectra obtained with the fourth harmonic at λ0 = 266 nm exhibit a peak in the u.v. at λ = 320 nm and a broader one in the visible with a maximum beyond 400 nm. The relative role of these two features has been followed in rich premixed flames with different C: O ratios and heights above the burner and along the radius of a cylindrical, coflowing diffusion flame. The u.v. fluorescence detected in our flames should be attributed to structures containing no more than two aromatic rings, while the fluorescence in the visible is attributed to larger aromatic structures. Fluorescence and absorption spectra obtained from the different fractions of the material sampled into the flames showed qualitative agreement with the "in silu" spectra. Fluorescence spectra in the visible, originating from structures heavier than 300a.m.u., has been also detected in the s...


Analyzes the entire finding process of Mendel′s law,discusses its reason of success,combining with other process of great finds in genetics biology,summarizes research characteristic of genetics: "The remarkable scientific research thought;appropriate choice of material;the strict experiment design and the scientific result analysis".


The invention discloses an anti-reversion starting device of a line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor and a control method thereof. The anti-reversion starting device comprises a microprocessor unit, a position detection unit, an inverter and the line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor. The rotor position detection unit is connected with hall elements in the line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor, wherein the hall elements are positioned on an end cover and/or a stator iron core in the motor and arranged at equal electrical angle intervals, and the signals of the hall elements are sent to the rotor position detection unit; the rotor position detection unit is connected with the microprocessor unit and processes input; the microprocessor unit is connected with the inverter and outputs six-channel PWM signals to the inverter to control the on and off of the inverter after the signals of the hall elements are processed by the microprocessor unit; and the inverter is connected with the three-phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. The initial phase of three-phase winding of the motor is determined according to the position of the rotor when the three-phase winding supplies power so as to control the inverter; and the starting reversion problem of the line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor is solved by simply improving an ordinary frequency converter.


Background: Occupational contact dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin caused by materials found in the work environment. Purpose: To determine the factors associated with Complaints of Occupational Contact Dermatitis among Motorcycle Workshop Workers in the Kelurahan Kembangan Selatan and Kembangan Utara, Jakarta in 2021. Method: This research is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional study design. The population of this research is motorcycle repair workers in the southern and northern Kembangan villages amounted 78 workers. The sample in this study amounted to 35 samples of workshop workers with Quota sampling technique. The method of collecting data from the source of information used is in the form of primary data using measuring instruments in the form of questionnaires and observation sheets. Result: The proportion of workers who complained of work-related contact dermatitis were 13 workshop workers (37.1%). Conclusion: Based on the results of statistical tests, it is known that the variable associated with occupational contact dermatitis is the age (p-value 0.004) and working period (p-value 0.005) with complaints of occupational contact dermatitis in motorcycle repair workers in the Kembangan Selatan and Kembangan Utara sub-districts, meanwhile not related between length of contact (p-value 0.282), personal hygiene (p-value 0.689) and the use of PPE (p-value 0.519) with complaints of occupational contact dermatitis in motorcycle repair workers in the Kembangan Selatan and Kembangan Utara areas, Jakarta.


When considering the role of women dermatologists as contributors to the "Advancement of Women" program with the United Nations, it is necessary to place it in the perspective of wometi in general. In Central America, the problems to be solved are immense and increasingly clearly identified. The "Women in Dermatology" series has described many successes for women in our small field and it is helpful to collate these as a desirable example of what can happen when women are given equal opportunities. In Latin Atnerica and the Caribbean, the last four decades have seen changes of unforeseen magnitude in women's lives. The growing presence of wornen in education and the task force, the legal consolidation of their citizenship through their right to vote, and their increasing social acceptance in the political sphere, are all valuable indications of this change.-^


Fas antigen/CD 95 is a 45‐kDa transmembrane protein that can initiate intracellular signaling pathways, leading to apoptosis when it is clustered on the cell surface. A recent report claiming that the ventral prostate glands of lpr −/− mutant mice (lacking functional fas antigen) do not regress following castration prompted our analysis of the regressing rat ventral prostate gland for evidence that fas antigen might participate in the molecular process leading to prostate cell apoptosis after castration.


The anti-corruption hero is the politician which the authority and the public identify with each other. He plays the appropriate paradigmatic and revisory role in process of the political system innovation. So, He serves as the imitate who the former authors try their best to describe, Lu Tian-ming is a better one. But in Lu Tian-ming's Anti-corruption Trilogy, the heroical images became more and more pattemer, they are like the commemorative badges of "the same stencil". They have the political effects of social ceremony, however, they lose the driving artistic life-force.


Two types of test scores are often used for determining eligibility for early intervention services: standard scores and developmental-age scores. Because they are derived using different methods, these two types of scores do not provide equivalent information. Characteristics of norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests and the scores available on these tests are reviewed. Valid use of test scores is discussed and cautions regarding the interpretation and use of developmental-age scores are presented. Suggestions for early intervention practitioners are offered.


Since Singer (19) in 1913 observed hyperplasia and ulceration of the forestomach epithelium in rats fed bread and wood shavings, there have been numerous studies to determine the etiology of the lesions. Pappenheimer and Larimore (14) showed that a faulty diet would produce the changes, but there is still divergence of opinion as to the nature of the deficiency and the mechanism of lesion formation. While benign changes have been described by" most authors, Fibiger (6) reported that squamous carcinoma of the forestomach epithelium was produced in rats and mice by feeding cockroaches infected with Gongylonema neoplasticum (Spiroptera neoplastica). He believed the evidence was conclusive that Spiroptera could serve as the etiologic agent of both benign and malignant changes. Carcinoma was thought to be a more advanced stage of the benign hyperplasia. Studies performed since the discovery of accessory food factors have shown that Fibiger's diet was nutritionally poor and that even without the worms it would induce some alterations (15). With an improved diet, Passey, Leese, and Knox (15) were able to increase the life span of infected animals without the production of extensive changes. Cramer (4) accepted Fibiger's interpretation of carcinoma in a few cases but made the reservation that something more than Spiroptera and poor diet was necessary to produce it. Hoelzel and Da Costa ( i i ) found ulcers in the epithelium of both the forestomach and the glandular portion in rats and mice when low protein diets were fed and also when the animals were fasted every second day. Since gastric stasis resulted from either method, they suggested that irritation from unbuffered acid produced the changes. Some support for this hypothesis was provided when Matzner and his associates (13) demonstrated that pepsin and hydrochloric acid could induce ulceropapillomas. These investigators observed that more extensive lesions developed when pepsin and hydrochloric acid were fed together than when either was given alone. Irritation either by parasites or gastric juice is the only explanation that has been advanced for the mechanism of lesion formation, though without attempting to elucidate this mechanism numerous reports have suggested that the changes are a result of vitamin deficiency. Thus stomach lesions were found in rats suffering from vitamin B1 deficiency by DaUdorf and Kellogg (5) and Sure and Thatcher (2o), while Findlay (7) obtained them only with vitamin Bz deficiency. These studies were made, however before the synthetic vitamins became available and other deficiencies also may have been present. Howes and Vivier (12) demonstrated that lesions occurred despite adequate protein intake if there was a vitamin B deficiency, and concluded that the whole vitamin B complex is necessary to maintain normal forestomach epithelium. Althgugh Wolbach and Howe (22) proved that vitamin A is essential for the maintenance of normal epithelium in general, they did not find forestomach changes in vitamin A deficient animals. On the other hand, extensive lesions at this site were described by Fujimaki (9), and attributed to vitamin A deficiency, but further study (io) showed that undetermined factors were also important in their production. From a recent report of well controlled studies started by Fibiger (8) we learn that vitamin A deficiency under favorable conditions will increase the incidence of lesions, but that additional unknown factors are necessary completely to prevent their formation. While they offer no explanation of the mechanism of formation, Brunschwig and Rasmussen ( i ) suggest that when a certain degree of malnutrition exists in the rat, such malnutrition not necessarily being synonymous with absolute loss of weight nor with the lack of any specific type of food or vitamin, the forestomach mucosa reacts by localized loci of cellular proliferation. Hyperplasia and ulceration are the normal reactions of the forestomach epithelium to mechanical or chemical irritation. Bullock and Rohdenburg (2) inserted into the forestomach by gastrotomy either a celluloid ball covered with pin points or pieces of cork with protruding pig bristles, and observed extensive changes, similar in many respects to those obtained by Fibiger with parasites. Chemical irritation with a piece of rubber sponge impregnated with Scharlach R, or pine tar oil introduced in a similar manner,


Previous long range acoustic experiments show that the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, a major topographic feature rising to the deep sound channel axis, can have a significant effect on SOFAR propagation. [R. J. Urick, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 35, 1413 (1963)]. In order to quantify this effect, data has been analyzed from a recent SOFAR experiment which deployed SUS charges during several transits across the Ridge. The signals were received on a hydrophone located near Bermuda, a distance of approximately 2500 km. These results are compared with data from Atlantic seamounts of similar height and ridges in other oceans. [K. M. Guthrie, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 68, S52(A) (1980)]. The enhancement or shadowing of SOFAR propagation is presented as a function of source depth and frequency for various geometries. [Work supported by NAVSEA.]


We present a new non-restoring square root algorithm that is very efficient to implement. The new algorithm presented here has the following features unlike other square root algorithms. First, the focus of the "non-restoring" is on the "partial remainder", not on "each bit of the square root", with each iteration. Second, it only requires one traditional adder/subtracter in each iteration, i.e., it does not require other hardware components, such as seed generators, multipliers, or even multiplexors. Third, it generates the correct resulting value even in the last bit position. Next, based on the resulting value of the last bit, a precise remainder can be obtained immediately without any correction or addition operation. And finally, it can be implemented at very fast clock rate because of the very simple operations at each iteration. We illustrate two VLSI implementations of the new algorithm. One is a fully pipelined high-performance implementation that can accept a new square-root instruction each clock cycle with each pipeline stage requiring a minimum number of gate counts. The other is a low-cost implementation that uses only a single adder/subtractor for iterative operation.


The invention relates to a one-way single fire wire switch, comprising a switch power supply, an MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor power supply module and a relay K1, wherein the relay K1 is used for controlling a single fire wire L to supply power or stop supplying power to a load LED1; the switch power supply is used for forming a circuit between the single fire wire L and a zero line N returned from the load LED1 when the relay K1 is opened so as to supply power to the overall switch; and the MOS transistor power supply module is used for generating a pulse voltage drop when the relay K1 is closed so as to replace the switch power supply to supply power to the overall switch. Due to the characteristics of low internal resistance of the MOS power supply module, low drive current, high load current, low heating quantity and high impact resistance of the relay and the load, the switch is quick and convenient in state switching, can reduce the interference to a grid and simultaneously can be used on a switch position having no zero line N.


The most overarching and universally accepted imperative to federalize any unitary nation-state is to reduce, both vertical and horizontal, fiscal imbalances as ensured availability of financial resources only could augment any form of well-being and prosperity. Such imbalances constrict all desirable economic outcomes. But, while carving seven States out of the erstwhile unitary state, any other priority like identity or territoriality may have prevailed but fiscal imbalance. This study shows that mainly vertical fiscal imbalance still alarmingly persists even after federalization of the country. The Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) model examines how these imbalances between the federation and the sub-national units (vertical) and, also among the States themselves(horizontal) are likely to impact on the fiscal federalism framework and its functionality. It contends that highly skewed distribution and mobilization of financial resources essentially defeats the very rationale of federalizing Nepal and, much debated identity consideration in federalism has no positive welfare implication.


This study presents an application of H.264 video coding technology in the digital monitor system, in which H.264 was used as a new method. And now the majority of monitor system use MPEG1/MPEG2 for coding the video while consumes large disk and net load cost. For getting the goal of real time data compression, we proposed three sides to enhance the computing speed: the first is optimization of selection of inter-frame mode, the second is tune the computation structure of interpolation, the last is assembly optimization with MMX and SSE.


Introduction: In MRI, a volume coil is often used for excitation while an array of surface coils is used for reception. Although a number of advantages could be realized by using the volume coil and the array simultaneously in transmission and reception, this is rarely done due to challenges in achieving adequate decoupling between the volume coil and the array elements when all are active. Recently, use of counter rotating current (CRC) surface coils for improved decoupling from the volume coil in reception has demonstrated improved SNR, especially near the center of the head. Here we present simulations and experiment using the combination of a 4-element CRC array and a volume coil in transmission for improved excitation homogeneity. We also explore the excitation homogeneity that could be achieved by increasing the number of CRC elements to 8.


The invention provides a multi-channel data-collecting system, and consists of a collecting computer, a collecting monitor and a collecting printer. The collecting computer is provided with a buffer and a plurality of A/D collecting cards. A voltage-isolating conditioner is arranged on the input end of each A/D collecting card. The collecting computer is connected with a control computer and an echo computer through an Ethernet. The control computer is provided with a double-screen display card and connected with a main monitor, an auxiliary monitor and a control-end printer respectively. Theecho computer is connected with an echo monitor and an echo-end printer. The invention still provides a method of multi-channel data collecting; the invention has the advantages that the invention canmeasure multiple channels, is suitable for the occasion of multi-signal recording, is convenient for displaying and printing data and waveforms, has higher degree of automation and accuracy and is beneficial for intelligentized data collecting. The invention is particularly applicable to the occasions of signal detecting and recording with dangers and serious pollutions such as rocket launching,weapon testing, petrochemical engineering and so on.


We provide a general formula, based on stochastic thermodynamics, that describes the flow of information between an arbitrary number of coupled complex-valued Langevin equations. This permits to describe the transfer of information in complex networks of oscillators out of thermal equilibrium, that can model a multitude of physical, biological and man made systems. The information flow contains an incoherent component proportional to the amplitude difference and a coherent one proportional to the phase difference between the oscillators, which depends on their synchronisation. We illustrate the theory by simulating the dynamics of a spin-Seebeck diode, described by two coupled oscillators, that can rectify the flow of information, energy and spin. Remarkably, the system can operate in a regime where the synchronisation is broken and there is a flow of incoherent information without net transfer of energy.


Who were the slaves of Haiti? Slaves traded from Africa were criminals, debtors or war captives, but first and foremost, they were peasants.[2] Wars in west Africa were made primarily against villages, not armies, and even those captured on the field of battle were typically peasants levied by their kings for war rather than professional soldiers, much as the the bulk of European armies in the Middle Ages were peasants levied by their overlords to military service as part of their feudal due.


In 2017, Louth was above average for mortality for all ages due to alcohol related causes (65.5 per 100,000 population, compared to a National rate of 58.6 per 100,000). In 2017, the percentage of potential years of life lost (PYLL) per 100,000 population due to selected alcohol related causes are below average for females (217.9 per 100,000 population, National 298.2) and for males are above average (1,267.8 per 100,000 population, National 1006.10). In 2017, Louth was above average for hospital admission rate for mental and behaviour disorders due to alcohol (153.2 per 100,000 population, National 83.74) and also for alcoholic liver disease (50.5 per 100,000, National 36.48). In 2017, Louth was average for psychiatric in-patient rates for alcohol disorders for first admissions (8.1 per 100,000 population, National 9.2) and for all admissions ( 24.1 per 100,000, National 24.1). In 2017, Louth was below average for alcohol treatment rates at 119.5 per 100,000 (National 153.2). In January 2019, Louth ranked 19th for the number of liquor licenses with 266.91 per 100,000 (National 273.13). In 2017, the rate for alcohol related offences in Louth was below average for drink driving at 134.9 per 100,000 population, average for disorderly conduct offences at 562.1 per 100,000 and below average for liquor licensing offences at 9.3 compared to the National rates (drink driving 153.8 per 100,000, disorderly conduct 528.4 and liquor licensing offences 17.3 respectively).


One challenge that faces older adults today is the pervasive trend in miniaturized technology. This trend has permeated the cellular phone industry and resulted in technology that has not only become smaller in terms of size, but slimmer resulting in flat-smooth keypads. The current study examined differences in dialing performance between keypads with raised-rubber keys and flat-smooth keys as a function of age. The results revealed that both younger and older adults performed significantly better in terms of dialing accuracy and dialing time with the raised-rubber keypad. Furthermore, older adults improved significantly more with the raised-rubber keypad than did younger adults. Findings, also, revealed that older adults committed more errors than younger adults. These findings demonstrate how the trend of miniaturization and smooth keypads may potentially alienate the largest growing population in the U.S. (i.e., older adults) with respect to usability.


This study assessed the role of instructor materials in ensuring quality-teaching performance from occasional line instructors, that is, instructors who are business professionals and who teach infrequently, perhaps once a year or less. The question posed for this research was: To what extent are scripts, cues, and directives necessary to ensure effective and consistent delivery of instruction from an occasional line instructor? A detailed and an outline format of five topics in a business consulting school for new professional staff were compared. Since significant cost savings are possible with an outline format, conditions were varied to provide an optimal chance for success. If, under these conditions, the outline format was ineffective, further consideration of this format for course development or research would be deemed unwarranted. The outline format provided objectives, properly sequenced content, and fundamental direction to instructors, but it minimized the scripts, cues, and directives that were contained in the detailed version.

A quasi-experimental study was designed in which data were obtained from 42 instructors and 785 students across 10 sessions of the school. The faculty consisted of experienced business professionals who, although not experienced as instructors, generally had experience in making business presentations. Results showed that the outline format was an effective teaching tool for the occasional line instructor. Additionally, a comparison of the two formats shows that significant cost reductions are possible with the outline format. The study points out the need for training professionals to critically examine and weigh the benefits of highly detailed instructor guides against the costs of such materials and the capabilities of their instructor pool.


IP multicast over a unidirectional satellite network provides a low cost solution that provides effective one-to-many communication with a wide area of coverage. However, IP multicast does not provide reliable data transfer which makes it unsuitable for distributing software or a large amount of textual information over the network. We propose a reliable multicast protocol which is designed specifically for a unidirectional satellite link, called reliable multicast over unidirectional satellite link (RMUS). In our design, we consider characteristics of the unidirectional satellite link with long latency delays and often with high bandwidth on the downstream link but narrow return paths. RMUS provides error and congestion control to multicast transmission. RMUS ensures data reliability by having the receivers detect packet loss and report it to the sender. The sender collects data loss information and uses a selective repeat algorithm to retransmit loss packets. RMUS minimizes the acknowledgement process in order to protect the return path from congestion and also to protect the sender from ACK implosion. As for congestion control, RMUS monitors the current condition of the network and adjusts the transmission rate accordingly. The data rate adjustment is designed to effectively utilize the available bandwidth without causing network congestion. Our experimental results show that RMUS provides reliable multicast communication and effectively utilizes the available bandwidth compared to other flow control schemes.


Newly laid asphalt surfaces may exhibit different skid resistance properties to roads that have been in service for some time. This has been attributed to the presence of a bitumen film on the surface of aggregate particles. TRL is using the Pavement Friction Tester (PFT) to study wet and dry friction on new surfacings for the Highways Agency. The PFT has been used on recently laid surfacings at speeds of 20-120 km/hour. Initial measurements were made on roads surfaced with stone mastic asphalt material. Initial results showed that wet friction was high at low speeds and tended to be as for a surface with lower texture depth or a more polished aggregate at higher speeds. Dry friction decreased with speed up to 50 km/hour and was lower than expected at all speeds. Dry friction was similar to wet friction at intermediate speeds and higher than wet friction at high speeds. The Highways Agency issued an interim advice note to agents advising that in defined circumstances, slippery road warning signs should be erected for a six-month period. The measurement programme has been extended to include a wider range of road types, ages and traffic levels.


R2P(=O)C(=NOH)(CH2)4C(=NOH)P(=O)R2 (R = OMe) in DMSOd 6 were measured. The characteristic reorientation times of the whole molecules were estimated using the measured values of the 1 H relaxation times and the results of semiempirical PM3 quantum chemical calculations of the molecular geometries. The reorientation times were used to identify the contributions of different relaxation mechanisms to the rate of 31 P spinlattice relaxation. The anisotropy of the chemical shielding of 31 P nuclei was evaluated from the difference between the 31 P relaxation rates measured at 101.27 and 161.92 MHz.


This paper deals with a three-dimensional stress analysis of adhesive butt joints subjected to tensile loads in order to contribute to an establishment of the design of joints. Similar adherends and an adhesive bond are replaced with finite hollow cylinders in the analysis. Stress distributions in adhesive joints are analyzed strictly by using the three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The effects of stiffness and thickness of the adhesive bonds on the normal and the shear stress distributions are shown by numerical computations. The analytical result is also compared with the result obtained by F.E.M. in order to verify the stress distributions in adhesive bonds. It is shown that they are in fairly good agreement.


Magnetoliposomes (MLs) are phospholipid vesicles encapsulating magnetic nanoparticles utilised as contrast agents for targeted molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). There are different methods of preparation and characterization of liposomes containing ultra small paramagnetic iron oxide ions (USPIOs) i. e. lipid film hydration method [1] or reverse phase evaporation [2]. In this work as magnetic core we have used commercially available dextran coated iron particles (Molday-ION, purchased by Bio-Pal, USA), with a colloidal size of 30 nm. Liposomes were prepared by thin lipid film hydration method: a predetermined mixture of lipids made of phosphatidylcholine, with or without cholesterol and small amounts of PEG-ylated lipids (which sterically stabilize the liposome reducing their usual rapid uptake from the immune system) was dissolved in organic solvent and evaporated to dryness. Then the dry lipid film was hydrated with a buffered aqueous solution of different concentration of dextran magnetite. The resulting MLs, which were heterogeneous in their size, were centrifuged suddenly after the hydration step to remove excess dextran magnetite; some MLs were sonicated before centrifugation with an Ultra Sonicator (50 min, 130 Watt) to obtain a homogeneous particle size. Physical characterization was performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine the mean particles diameter and the size distribution. These data were compared to morphological images obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Chemically, the absolute amount of Fe in MLs was determined by a colometric test using potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) as reagent. MRI measurements were performed in vitro in agarose gel phantoms to evaluate the intensity of the contrast agent on T1 and T2 relaxation time. In vivo, the biodistribution and the cleareance of the particles over time were studied in mice. MLs have shown a high negative and positive enhancement in MRI and due to this strong contrast effect they will be modified for non invasive diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaques by targeted molecular imaging.


Introduction Recent years have seen increased interest in the complex relationships between the thought of German Idealists (understood to include both transcendental and absolute idealists) and the thought of those philosophers commonly categorized as "American Pragmatists" – from Charles S. Peirce (the progenitor of this alleged tradition) to Richard Rorty and his student, Robert Brandom. This issue presents a collection of papers that, as a collection, do justice to those complex relations...


In this study, FeOx and CoOx thin films were successively and uniformly coated on high-surface-area carbon nanotubes by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition, which formed a heterojunction of the two oxides. As an electrocatalyst in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), CoOx/FeOx/CNTs showed excellent electrocatalytic performance in terms of catalytic activity and stability. The overpotential of CoOx/FeOx/CNTs in OER was only 308 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which was lower than those of the pure oxides: CoOx/CNTs (392 mV) and FeOx/CNTs (406 mV). The as-prepared electrocatalyst also displayed better stability than the reference RuO2 material, with almost no attenuation of current density in contrast to the 10% loss seen with RuO2. The OER performance of CoOx/FeOx/CNTs was superior to those of its oxide components due to the formation of heterojunction, which led to a smoother reaction path and a lower overpotential for OER compared to pure oxides, as supported by the density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. These results provide a new direction for the preparation of electrocatalysts for metal–air batteries and water splitting reactions.


This article exams the philosophy of history of the now mostly-forgotten 19th Century philosopher, Eduard von Hartmann. Hartmann inverts Hegel's rational teleology by his reliance on a notion of 'unconscious ideas'. Purposes are a species of idea. All natural things, including unintelligent natural things, will purposes of which they are often not conscious. These unconscious ideas cannot be held by natural beings that lack intellect, so there must be some supra-naturalistic being, which Hartmann names the Metaphysical Unconscious, that imposes purposes on unconsciously-acting agents. The course of human history is the gradual becoming-conscious of the ends posited by the Metaphysical Unconscious. Insofar as nature always achieves the purposes of the Metaphysical Unconscious this is the best of all possible worlds. Insofar as those purposes are realized irrespective of human happiness, historical progress becomes the gradual assurance of human misery.


We reported on the InGaN p-i-n homojunction solar cells with In contents of 0.02 and 0.12. Under the same illumination of Xe lamp, In0.02 Ga0.98N cell exhibited a fill factor (FF) of 67.8%, a higher open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 2.15 V while In0.12Ga0.88N cell showed a FF of 64.8% and a lower Voc of 1.35 V. The measurements of atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and leakage currents revealed that V-shaped defects, which are known to cause the increase in reverse current, were the main factor dominating the Voc of In0.12Ga0.88N cells. Short-circuit current versus open-circuit voltage (Jsc - Voc) curves were consistent with the characteristics expected from the current-voltage equation. Relative external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) were also measured and showed strong dependence on V-shaped defects. These results indicate that defects in bulk InGaN has a negative impact on the photovoltaic performances of solar cells based on III-nitrides.


The freshwater teleost fish Channa punctatus were procured from local water bodies and acclimatized in the laboratory. The acclimat ized fishes were divided into control and experimental groups. The fishes of experimental group were exposed to diffe rent sub lethal concentrations (0.0001, 0.0005, 0.0010 ppm) of the pesticide cypermethrin to evaluate the chromosomal abnormalities developed in kidney and gill cells due to this exposure. The values of LC50 were calculated. The maximum exposure period was 30 days during which fish were sacrificed at an interval of 5 days. After sacrificing the fish, tissue from kidney and gills was taken out and after fixation, slides of metaphase chromosome spreads were prepared. The spreads were examined to study different abnormalities developed due to exposure to cypermethrin. Chromosomal aberra t ions like breaks, fragments, dicentric chromosomes etc. were observed in the spreads of exposed fishes. However, there was no change in the number of chromosomes which was 32 in the cells of kidney and gills of both control and experimental fishes. Chromo some spreads of control fishes did not have such type of aberrations. It has been found that there was a linear relat ionship between the concentrations of cypermethrin and percentage of spreads with chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities also increased with increase in exposure period. A comparison of changes in kidney and gill cells showed that kidney cells were more sensitive to pesticide exposure t han gill cells.The findings of these investigations clearly reveal the genotoxic potential of cypermethrin in Channa punctatus. These results indicate the possibility of using fish chromosomes as indicators of genotoxic factors.


. There is abundant, albeitfragmentary, evidence that prairie wet lands are being contaminated extensively by agricultural pesticides (prima rily herbicides and insecticides) and other anthropogenic contaminants. Such inputs can affect fundamental ecosystem properties such as primary production which, in turn, affects habitat and resource supply for wetland fauna. We review data on the use ofpesticides, off-site transport ofresidues from treated land, and the frequency with which these residues are subse quently detected in receiving streams and wetlands on the prairies. As the environmental distribution of a pesticide is affected by its chemical and physical properties, and the abiotic and biotic characteristics ofthe receiv ing wetland, greater insight into its ecological impacts will be obtainedfrom considering the underlying partitioning and degradative processes that de termine distribution rather than from case-by-case studies ofpersistence. Future research on chemical contamination ofprairie wetlands should in clude the development and testing of dissipation and fate models under conditions typical ofprairie wetlands using a process-oriented approach, emphasizing the roles ofadsorption andphotolysis in a shallow, high area to volume environment. Output from a computer model based on the fugacity concept (QWASFI: Quantitative Water, Air, Soil, Film Interactions) indi cates the potential to predict the environmental behavior ofspecific chemi cals in wetlands.


This article investigates synchronisation of a nonlinear networked system with switching topology. By defining a common synchronisation manifold for each possible switching topology, exponential synchronisation of a nonlinear networked system can be assessed by the exponential stability of a reduced nonlinear system corresponding to the concerned system, wherein the communication graph can be directed and weighted and the inner-linking matrix might be singular. In particular, a synchronisation criterion consisting of the self-dynamics of isolated nodes and the consensus dynamics of a linear switched system is given. Two numerical simulations of synchronisation are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the analytical results for the periodic and random switching cases.


The emphasis on school leadership has over the past two decades resulted in many claims, declarations, and assertions about its importance and impact of school leadership on school and student performance. Leithwood and Day (2007b) call this "the 'golden age' of school leadership (p. 1)." Leithwood, Day, Sammons, Harris, and Hopkins (2006) claim that "school leadership is second only to classroom teaching as an influence on pupil learning (p. 4)." The key person in the school leadership is the principal. This special issue reports case-study evidence from four countries that attempt to explain successful principalship leadership. The authors of these articles are part of the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP). They represent New Zealand, Israel, Cyprus, and USA (San Antonio). The first three countries are new to the project. San Antonio represents a new team in the USA. Their articles contribute to the original research that was first published as a whole in Journal of Educational Administration, 43(6), 2005.


Reports on the significance and implications of faculty socialization, including the several levels of culture that affect socialization, and approaches to conceptualizing socialization. Discusses socialization of novice, senior, women and minority faculty, and examines the rituals of tenure and promotion.


In examining some material of Porella platyphylla I found one archegonium which differed in internal structure from any thus far observed.4 This internal difference consisted in the presence of two perfectly formed egg cells, each with a row of canal cells (fig. I). There were also two ventral canal cells. One row of the canal 3 cells, as will be seen from fig. i, was somewhat shorter than the other; the number of cells in each, however, was the same. The egg cells with the canal cells taken together occupied a somewhat larger space than is usual in this plant. The archegonium shown here was larger than those usually found. The two egg * i Q cells and canal cells were only clearly seen when lying in the plane shown in figure. If the archegonium was viewed at right angles to this F*eh7 2 position, they were difficult to see. This specimen was gradually brought into a strong solu< 1 2 % tion of glycerin and allowed to become clear; it was then drawn with a camera lucida. Porella platypiylla also often shows branched elaters.5 Fig. 2 shows one slightly branched at the end; fig. 3 shows a more pronounced instance of such branching. In some elaters branching of the larger branches was noticed, which formed a rather complicated figure. The spiral thickenings were often very difficult to follow with certainty at the point of branching. Fig. 2 shows their arrangement in one specimen. F. M. ANDREWS, Leipzig.


Many companies and institutions want to contribute to Open Source projects in order to ensure its maintenance and evolution. One way of doing it is to contract developers to work on the project. In this situation, a frequent question is whether it is better to hire developers who have already collaborated with the project (i.e., insiders, usually volunteers that are active in the project) or if it is better to hire external developers (outsiders, with no previous relation to the project). An analogy to the logic behind the Insider/Outsider separation can be found in the well-known onion model, where they refer to insiders as core developers. The goal of this paper is to simulate and compare the performance (in terms of the time and the cost) of a company hiring a number of developers in two different scenarios, where the hired developers are a) insiders, and b) outsiders. We will therefore use a method used in the research literature before to simulate the behavior of software projects and determine the best strategy. Developers are therefore assigned bugs to work on in every round, being a round a given timespan (e.g., three months) or a given number of bugs are received (e.g., 50 bugs). During each round, a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was used to evaluate the candidate assignments in terms of the time and the cost. With the current settings, the results show that there is no significant difference between the two scenarios in the terms of the two performance metrics considered. Upon the results so far, it seems we cannot favor one of the scenarios over the other one, based on the time and the cost. We believe further statistical analysis on the obtained data could power up our research in the future.


A fast, stability-indicating reversed phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed and subsequently validated for the estimation of impurities of Cephalexin. The developed method utilizes the chemistry of sub 2-μm C18 column and mobile phase consisting of Potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer – acetonitrile with gradient elution, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL per minute. The detection was carried out at 254 nm. As there are no simple Fast LC methods reported for the estimation of Impurities/degradants of Cephalexin in Pharmaceutical formulations, the current method was developed and validated. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, ruggedness and robustness. This method has been successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulation and no interference from the excipients used the powder for suspension was found. As the proposed method could effectively separate the drug from its degradants/impurities, it can be employed as stability-indicating method for the determination of instability of the drug in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.


From the eastern slopes of the Purcell Range, in the vicinity of Lake Windermere, the view across the deep depression known as the Rocky Mountain trench to the Rocky Mountains on the east, shows a series of bands of rocks varying in color and running roughly parallel to the trench. One of these is a red conglomerate, which can be traced almost uninterruptedly for ten miles between the Sinclair River and Shuswap Creek, both of which are tributary to the Columbia River in the Rocky Mountain trench. The red formation was examined in two localities, and in a third a yellow conglomerate was found, which is undoubtedly a part of the same formation. In the last instance evidence was found which points toward a glacial origin of the conglomerate. The conglomerate was first studied at Sinclair Springs. Here an outcrop of red rock, with a dip of about 900, forms a high wall running down one side of the canyon and up the other (Fig. i). Closer examination shows that the rock is not made up entirely of red material, but consists of bowlders, which are predominantly red, imbedded in a yellow calcareous matrix. The bowlders are limestone with the exception of a very few pieces of quartzite. The limestone varies considerably, having such varieties as purple, black, white crystalline, blue with white veins, and gray. The bowlders are mostly sub-angular and in some cases are as large as four feet in diameter (Fig. 2). The material of the conglomerate is unassorted, and shows no trace of stratification. Two bowlders were seen which had polished surfaces. It was difficult to remove the bowlders from the matrix, and the exposed surfaces of the bowlders were so weathered that any striations they may have once possessed have been destroyed.


Additive Manufacturing (AM) has undergone somewhat of a revolution over the last decade and it has now evolved into a viable industrial manufacturing solution, able to create complex geometries which are unachievable with traditional manufacturing methods [...]


Nitrogen-infused wet oxidation at different temperatures (400–1000 °C) was employed to transform tantalum–hafnia to hafnium-doped tantalum oxide films. High-temperature wet oxidation at 1000 °C marked an onset of crystallization occurring in the film, accompanied with the formation of an interfacial oxide due to a reaction between the inward-diffusing hydroxide ions, which were dissociated from the water molecules during wet oxidation. The existence of nitrogen has assisted in controlling the interfacial oxide formation. However, high-temperature oxidation caused a tendency for the nitrogen to desorb and form N–H complex after reacting with the hydroxide ions. Besides, the presence of N–H complex implied a decrease in the passivation at the oxide–Si interface by hydrogen. As a consequence, defect formation would happen at the interface and influence the metal–oxide–semiconductor characteristics of the samples. In comparison, tantalum–hafnia subjected to nitrogen-infused wet oxidation at 600 °C has obtained the highest dielectric constant, the largest band gap, and the lowest slow trap density.


Through analyzing and summing up the related references of Long'ansi yard which is the representation of Japan dead mountain and water garden,it makes the specific unscrambling to the thought and composition styles,to help people realize the dead mountain and water yard of Long'ansi better,and it has certain referring value.


Activity patterns are thought to play a major role in chronic pain development and maintenance. In the operant model, Fordyce (1976) described the activity pattern of "overactivity" in which there are consequences to "overdoing," such as pain increases for hours after engaging in activity and recovery periods in which people are inactive. This yo-yo pattern, described by Fordyce3 and others,1,10,12 is thought to be maladaptive as overactivity can lead to activity avoidance and result in increased pain and disability over time. However, we know little about how this pattern manifests in daily lives of people with chronic pain. In the article "Overactivity in chronic pain: Is it a valid construct?", Andrews et al. contribute to the understanding of overactivity by examining the association between pain and activity over a 5-day period. They used activity tracking and ecological momentary assessment of pain to quantify occurrences of overactivity in real-life situations. Some particular methodological strengths should be highlighted. First, the authors examined activity variability using a novel data-processing technique—quantifying activity in this way is likely necessary to better understand the yo-yo pattern of physical activity in the context of pain. Activity variability was measured across days (using SD) and within a day (activity fluctuations every 15 minutes during waking hours). Second, to determine an occurrence of overactivity, an individual threshold of significant pain increases was determined. Using the top 5% of all pain reports for a person, the overactive periods are individualized, which may contribute to our understanding of how these periods differ across people with various characteristics. Lastly, they used items that reflect overactivity on the Pain and Activity Relations Questionnaire, an important element in construct validation complementing objective measurement.

An important contribution of Andrews et al. was to consider prolonged periods of sedentary activity in addition to high activity periods in their examination of "overactivity." The authors found that in addition to high activity periods, prolonged periods of little to no activity also preceded significant pain increases. This phenomenon has been described as "underactivity"10 and may be common given that 37% of US adults with some chronic pain condition report being completely inactive.11 The distinction between overactive vs underactive patterns is an area for further study as it may help determine how to best tailor chronic pain treatments, specifically activity pacing.

Activity pacing is a widely used, but poorly characterized treatment2,4,10 in which the association between pain and activity is a main focus. In operant theory, the goal of activity pacing is to reduce reinforcement of overactive patterns that lead to pain increases by uncoupling pain and activity. One way to do this is to practice alternating activity and rest according to a preset time schedule. Activity pacing has been defined as "…regulation of activity level and/or rate in the service of an adaptive goal or goals".10(p.465) Although this definition is sufficiently broad to accommodate people with underactive or overactive patterns, common aspects of pacing—slowing down and taking breaks and breaking up activities into smaller pieces—imply that people are doing excessive amounts of activity that need to be regulated downwards. These aspects have been included in items on the activity pacing subscale of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory,9 but it is difficult to interpret the scores. Results of studies examining the relationship between pacing and disability or poor health are inconsistent; some studies show that pacing is associated with poor health,6,7 whereas others show the opposite.5,8,9 These findings support the idea that "appropriate," health-promoting pacing for 1 subgroup of people with chronic pain may not be the same as for another. The quantification of overactive and underactive patterns should allow for opportunities to examine similarities in pain–activity relationships across people to identify key personal characteristics in which to tailor pacing. In addition, overactive and underactive patterns identified through these objective means may be the most direct outcome measure of pacing interventions. An additional advantage of this measurement is that reduction in patterns can be individualized in which significant pain increases are determined based on deviations from an individual's average pain.

This initial work provides support for the objective quantification for overactive and underactive patterns in people with chronic pain. Larger studies are needed and some additional areas should be considered. To better understand overactivity as a construct, it is likely necessary to revisit the biomedical model. Disease process and underlying pain mechanisms should be taken into account in future studies. For example, conditions such as fibromyalgia may have different frequencies or characteristics of overactive patterns than those of people with osteoarthritis or back pain. Furthermore, mixed pain samples comprising people with lower extremity or upper extremity pain that may be commonly seen in pain clinics could be examined separately as activity engagement may differ depending on the site of pain. To examine avoidance behavior in relation to overactivity, the physical function of patients may help disentangle whether avoidance is due to behavior or inability. Avoidance behaviors within the context of activity performance may also be better explained by selecting samples that have the same condition. In future studies, researchers may consider different time frames for what is a "prolonged activity bout" that precedes pain increases. Future studies should also assess other psychosocial contexts, such as motivation for overactivity (eg, keeping up with family members) or underactivity (eg, social communication of pain to elicit attention/support) to build a more complete picture of the function of these activity patterns in the context of pain. The authors chose a 2-hour time frame that may correspond to the pain-reporting frequency, but this selected time frame could be altered. In addition, to better attribute overactive or underactive periods as the cause of pain increases, reporting in the moment about specific activity periods may provide support for its validity. The ability to easily use technology somewhat unobtrusively in people's lives in studies such as this will likely yield rich information about people with chronic pain to provide better treatments.


This letter presents a rotary travelling-wave oscillator (RTWO) with re- liable direction control in a standard 130 nm complementary metal– oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. To achieve low phase noise (PN), and low power consumption, 16-stages customised transmission line segments are designed and simulated on electromagnetic tools. The PN is investigated through modelling the RTWO as multiple standing-wave oscillators. The proposed oscillator achieves 11.2% tuning range, 190.3 dBc/Hz figure-of-merit (FoM) at 1 MHz offset and 192.3 dBc/Hz FoM at 10 MHz offset with 5.8-mW power consumption from 16-GHz carrier.


Objective:To evaluate the patient's swallowing function and display dysfunctional organs and observe aspiration and silent aspiration by videofluoroscopy.Methods:47 cases of dysphagia patients following cerebral infarction and 5 cases of healthy volunteers had been selected. Bedside water-swallowing test and videofluoroscopy examination were used to evaluate the patient's swallowing function. The result were gathered and analyzed by using SPSS 8.0. The methods were χ~2 test and t test.Results:Among 47 cases of dysphagia following cerebral infarction, there were 18 cases of gag reflex abnormality by physical examination, 21 cases of swallowing function disorder and choking by bedside water-swallowing test, all the cases of dysphagia following cerebral infarction manifested abnormal on their swallowing function by videofluoroscopy examination, 39 cases with disorder swallowing function. There were 32 cases of aspiration and supraglottic silent aspiration 11 cases. By paired-samples χ~2 test, we found that the diagnosis rate of dysphagia patients were significant difference between videofluoroscopy examination, bedside water-swallowing test and gag reflex test (P0.01).Conclusion:Videofluoroscopy is the best way to examine swallowing functions and very helpful for physicians to choose a better way to cure the dysphagia. For it can find aspiration and aspiration accurately, reflect the mechanism and ways of them, and it can evaluate the level of dysphagia.


Optical absorption spectra of the ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ single crystals and luminescence spectra of the ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}:\mathrm{Yb}$ (1%) polycrystalline samples were registered at temperatures $4.2\char21{}300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. These spectra and earlier published data on magnetic properties of ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ ions and on the temperature dependence of the electric field gradient at Yb nuclei in ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ were used to analyze the crystal-field parameters in rare-earth titanates with the pyrochlore structure. The self-consistent sets of crystal-field parameters for rare-earth ions in the $16d$ sites with the ${D}_{3d}$ symmetry that describe satisfactory all known single-ion magnetic properties and low-energy excitations in ${R}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ crystals ($R=\mathrm{Tb}$, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) are presented.


Background Controversy exists whether different continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) weaning methods influence time to wean off CPAP, CPAP duration, oxygen duration, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) or length of admission. Aims In a multicentre randomised controlled trial, the authors have primarily compared CPAP weaning methods impact on time to wean off CPAP and CPAP duration and secondarily their effect on oxygen duration, BPD and time of admission. Methods Between April 2006 and October 2009, 177 infants <30 weeks gestational age (GA) who fulfilled stability criteria on CPAP were randomised to one of the three CPAP weaning methods (M). M1: Taken 'OFF' CPAP with the view to stay 'OFF'. m2: Cycled on and off CPAP with incremental time 'OFF'. M3: As with m2, cycled on and off CPAP but during 'OFF' periods were supported by 2 mm nasal cannula at a flow of 0.5 l/min. Results Based on intention to treat analysis, there was no significant difference in mean GA or birthweight between the groups (27.1±1.4, 26.9±1.6 and 27.3±1.5 (weeks±1SD) and 988±247, 987±249 and 1015±257 (grams±1SD), respectively). Primary outcomes showed M1 produced a significantly shorter time to wean from CPAP (11.3±0.8, 16.8±1.0, 19.4±1.3 (days±1SE) p<0.0001, respectively) and CPAP duration (24.4±0.1, 38.6±0.1, 30.5±0.1 (days±1SE) p<0.0001, respectively). All the secondary outcomes were significantly shorter with M1, (oxygen duration: 24.1±1.5, 45.8±2.2, 34.1±2.0 (days±1SE) p<0.0001, BPD: 7/56 (12.5%), 29/69 (42%), 10/52 (19%) p=0.011 and length of admission: 58.5±0.1, 73.8±0.1 69.5±0.1 (days±1SE) p<0.0001, respectively). Conclusion Method 1 significantly shortens CPAP weaning time, CPAP duration, oxygen duration, BPD and admission time.


Heart diseases caused by structure and function degradation is troubling millions of people all over the world. With the extension of human lifespan, the demand for heart valve replacement is rapidly increasing. However, the currently used prostheses of heart valve in clinic such as mechanical and tissue valves all have serious limitations over long‐term stability after implanting. Therefore, novel artificial heart valves with outstanding durability and low degradation risk are still in great demands, despite of numerous studies in the literature. The sophisticated, multiscale structure of native heart valve is believed to be the key to its mechanical and biological durability during long‐term cyclic motion. In this review, we discussed the complex structure of the native heart valve as well as their contributions to the valve's cyclic work. In addition, representative and state of the art studies of biomimetic heart valves inspired by the natural valve are also introduced. Based on these, the structural and functional design of future novel biomimetic heart valves are proposed.


Looney's trailblazing book opens a new and important page in Dante Studies and African American Studies, as well as American Studies at large. Thanks to this solid research, scholars of these field...


In the power system protection, coordination of PHEV's require much attention. This is required to maintain the reliable operation of electrical energy network. The number of electric vehicle charge and discharge are useful for sub transmission and distribution networks, to provide secre electricity. If the number of either charging or discharging vehile increased at a particular node it resulted in overloading the line, therefore it is also provided with limited number of vehicle at a time to ensure the continuous power supply. This is an important task for power system to schedule with thermal generating units. To solve this optimization problem heuristic optimization techniques is required. In this paper, varying acceleration coefficients particle swarm optimization are used to find the optimal schdelue of generating units with PHEV's. These swarm based techniques are tested on the two test system having 10 and 5 thermal generating units. Time varying acceleration coefficients particle swarm optimization proved to be better among other variants.


To investigate whether upper gastrointestinal (GI) disease has any effect on the exposure of oral semaglutide, an important consideration given that its absorption occurs primarily in the stomach.


99 at the end of each chapter, so that in the case of Stair there are no less than four series of notes with the same numbering). Walker himself is perhaps unfair to Adam Smith, when he criticises his Lectures on Jurisprudence as "defective in historical perspective" (p. 289) in failing to indicate the stages of development of the particular systems, from which he draws his examples, when his aim was to demonstrate that fundamental legal institutions of any system vary according to the stage of economic development of the society in question. The work will be a welcome source of enlightenment to readers outside Scotland, although some may be baffled by such Scotticisms as "cess" and "stent" (both forms of tax).


MODEL CITY [1]It was like reading in a math book about the "Droste effect," a mathematicians term for infinite regress, and remembering the old Drostecocoa tin you once owned and loved when you lived in another city.It was like reading further that the "Droste effect," term of mathematicians,was named after the old red Droste cocoa tins like the one youonce loved and had to give away when you left another city.It was like remembering how the nurse holding a tray of cocoa on thetin was depicted in the tin on her tray, in which she held a tray witha tin depicting her holding a tray with a tin depicting her holding atray with a tin, and so on.It was like wanting to plunge through the infinite regress of nursesholding trays of cocoa down to the tiniest nurse's tray, where you willfind the tin that you once had to give away when you had to leaveanother city you loved.MODEL CITY [2]It was like going out to look for a bank in your new neighborhood andnoticing a store called the Umsonst Laden-the "free store," wherenothing costs anything-stacked with piles of dusty books.It was like feeling nervous each time you walk past the UmsonstLaden to get to your bank, wondering if, the next time you walk by,the Umsonst Laden will even still be there.It was like one day turning the corner onto the street of the UmsonstLaden and hesitating, and then turning back and going down anotherstreet to get to your bank, because the Umsonst Laden makes youtoo nervous.It was like accidentally walking again down the street of the UmsonstLaden a year later and seeing a hole where it had been, and sighing:the torment of idealism is over, the street may now return to the real.MODEL CITY [3]It was like going to a dinner party in a foreign city and listening tothe hostess talk about a cherry festival for which, the previous year,the organizers had had to import the cherries.It was like considering the city faced with a cherry festival and nocherries, counting on the import's glossiness, its guileless slide intoopen mouths, on no one being able to tell the difference between na-tive and foreign cherries.It was like finding yourself envying the import, the ease with whichgoods made in one place are loaded onto airplanes, ships, and trucksand inserted glossily into other places.It was like having the sudden desire to expose the festival exalting aharvest that never happened-why should the foreign import glossover the native's failure? you ask. And then cherry tarts were served.MODEL CITY [4]It was like walking through a Socialist model city that began life namedfor a dictator, that ten years later was hastily renamed for its industry,and that fifty years later than that is drastically shrinking.It was like learning that the stiffly elegant Stalinist buildings in thecenter of the model city were restored via government funds awardedfor blowing up empty tower blocks on the outskirts of the city.It was like looking at the Stalinist buildings along the model city'sstreets-wide, honeyed with sunlight, utterly empty-and wishingyou could have watched the tower blocks in its unseen outskirtsblown to bits. …


The invention discloses a preparation process of trimethylsilylimidazole. The preparation process includes the specific steps of (1) reaction: firstly, placing chlorotrimethylsilane into a mixing tank, secondly, adding imidazole in batch under the condition of mixing within three hours, performing reaction under a -200-0mm mercury column and controlling the temperature below 60 DEG C; and (2) rectification: placing qualified liquid into a rectification column, extracting the chlorotrimethylsilane from the column at the temperature lower than or equal to 92 DEG C, and then extracting the trimethylsilylimidazole by cooling. By the aid of the process, reaction can be performed at the normal temperature, the concentration of hydrogen chloride in a system is reduced to approximately approach zero content, and reaction inhibition caused by the hydrogen chloride is avoided.


The solutions of Rashevskii equation for gonometric family of plane curves are considered. Their properties are studied. The connection with the theory of duality for the second order ODE's is discussed.


Plasmachemical treatment of corrosion layers is a technique
usually applied in the field of archaeological metallic
artifacts conservation and restoration. The process is based on
using low-pressure hydrogen plasma in which the artifacts are
treated for several hours, usually in more steps. The
diagnostics of this process was given for the oxide corrosion
only where the OH radicals spectra and H atomic lines were
observed. The real corrosion layers are much more complicated,
they contain also the chlorine, amino, carbon, sulfate and
other corrosion types. The complex corrosion layers on the
copper samples were prepared in this study. Besides the
hydrogen and OH radicals spectra the spectra of molecules
containing nitrogen, carbon and oxygen were recorded as a
function of the plasma treatment duration. These species are
removed from the plasma faster than oxides and thus the
monitoring of OH radicals spectra will be sufficient for the
process monitoring in the cases when the oxide corrosion is
presented, too.


At present, dental laboratory technicians may not deal directly with the public in any of the 50 states. A uniform dental laboratory work authorization system is sought to ensure that serving the prosthodontic needs of the public will continue to be the responsibility of licensed dentists only.


This paper studied the failure mechanism of steering gear rocker spindle. It was concluded that rocker spindle fracture was caused by unsuitable anti carbonization copper plating.


The article discusses the ground-state properties of low-dimensional magnets from the viewpoint of the electronic structure theory. The results presented arose from first-principles calculations based on the material-specific density-functional theory. The focus lies on ultrathin films, wires, chains, and clusters with ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and complex noncollinear magnetic phases. We discuss which systems become magnetic in low dimensions, their respective values for the spin and orbital magnetic moments, the magnetic ground-state structures, and the magnetic anisotropy determining the orientation of the magnetization as well as how these properties are altered by respective substrates. The emphasis of the article lies in the development of the physical intuition by discussing the chemical trend of the properties of these magnets. Case studies of benchmark systems such as the magnetic surface alloy c(2 × 2)-MnCu/Cu(100), Ni/Cu(100), which exhibits a magnetic reorientation transition, Fe/W(110), or Co chains on Pt(111) are discussed in more detail. A brief introduction to the basic concepts, notions, models, and theory is given, in order to provide a framework in which the surprising and partly peculiar results can be understood and interpreted. This includes the density-functional theory, the Heisenberg model, the dipolar and magnetocrystalline anisotropy, the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction, the Stoner model, the role of the coordination number for the appearance of magnetism, and the estimation of the critical temperature.

Keywords:

ultrathin films;
chains and wires;
adatoms and clusters;
electronic structure;
density-functional theory;
Heisenberg model;
Stoner model;
exchange interactions;
magnetic anisotropy;
Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction;
critical temperature;
noncollinear magnetism


Natural materials are usually targeted as a replacement of ordinary cement past in order to attain a high compressive strength, longer workability, lower water consumption, better soundness, etc. El-Hasan and Al-Hamaideh (2012) used Tripoli as a partial replacement of OPC, and they reported that increasing the replacement ratio of Tripoli did not affect the setting time or soundness; however, it increased the volume of the required water to produce the past. Smadi et al. (1999) studied the behavior of the compressive strength of cement with different replacement ratios of purified PG and calcined temperature up to 900 °C, finding an increasing trend in compressive strength which improved the initial and final setting time. Bhadauria & Thakare (2006) utilized the phosphogypsum wastes in cement additive as past or mortar in concrete. They carried these applications after purifying the phosphogypsum. They found it suitable for concrete in terms of workability and 28 days compressive strength. PG is also known worldwide for its applications as a binder or cement. Therefore, it was also studied by many researchers (e.g. Gutt 1978; Ouyang et al. 1978; Ghafoori, 1986; Akın & Yesim, 2004; Degirmenci, 2008; Lysandrou & Pashalidis, 2008; and Yang et al., 2009). According to the European Fertilizer Manufacturing Association (EFMA), there are two phosphoric acid production processes; the first, at temperature 70 -80 °C that yields 26-32% P2O5, and gives acid and dehydrated phase (CaSO4.2H2O); the second, at temperature 90 110 °C, which yields 40-52% P2O5, and gives acid and Hemihydrate phase (CaSO4.1/2H2O) (EFMA 2000). The Phosphogypsum is found to be radioactive due to the presence of naturally occurring uranium and radium in the phosphate ore (Dippel, 2004). The PG is known for having some chemical impurities like its source rock (i.e., phosphates). Thus, PG is classified as a hazardous waste and is currently being disposed and stockpiled on sandy soil (Berish, 1990; Azouazi et al., 2001; Dueñas et al., 2007). The PG is supposed to be treated for these impurities; therefore, PG without treatment is referred to here as raw or impure PG. There are various storage processes of PG wastes, such as ocean disposal (Wissa, 2001), dry stacking on land, which is the common practice (EPA 1999), and wet stacking on basins (Anon, 1998), as well as the use of PG as mine backfill disposal as suggested by (Dippel, 2004). At the industrial complex at Aqaba, south of Jordan, a daily average of 900-1310 tons of phosphoric acid are produced (http://www.jpmc.com.jo/?q=node/166). For every ton of phosphoric acid produced, about 5 tons of PG are generated, depending on the quality of the phosphate ore (http://ardaman. com/waste.php3). Therefore, about 5000 tons of (PG) are produced each day. Al-Hwaiti et al. (2005) reported that heavy elements concentrations in the PG stacks are stable with age, which indicated that trace elements were not leached from the stacks in any significant amount. Whereas, Abed (2011) suggested that Uranium is concentrated in the phosphoric acid


The present study examines the role of sexuality in the emancipation processes of adolescent girls. It is studied from a psychoanalytic perspective in a non-clinical setting by focusing on changes in the mother-daughter relationship. Within the theory of transition from the "ethic family" to the "affective family", the work carries out a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted by Counselling Centre /Family and Youth Clinic operators with mothers and their adolescent daughters (aged 14-18). The analysis of these transcripts highlights the difficulties of adolescent girls in taking on the responsibilities of becoming young women in today's society. The role of Counselling Centres/ Family and Youth Clinics in encouraging these important developmental processes is also discussed.


This thesis is talking about the government role in the economic development of a country. From different literature we will establish how a government can theoretically influence economic growth and how the Albanian government has specifically influenced economic growth in Albania. What goals and objectives have the government set and how has the government used the tools at its disposal in order to achieve these goals and objectives. The two main players that make the development and economic growth of a country a reality are the government, with its ministry of economics and ministry of finance, and the central bank. The main focus on this thesis will be the government. We will looking at what type of fiscal budgetary and administrative policies has the Albanian government undertaken over the last decade, and which of these have contributed to our country's economic growth or have contributed to the growth of economical factors.. According to the statistical figures, these factors and the real GDP have increased over the last decade. This shows their effectiveness and explains the role that the government has on economic growth.
 DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n2p267


: Developing novel ceramic materials with excellent thermophysical properties is one of the hotspots in the field of thermal barrier coatings. The (Sm 0.2 Gd 0.2 Dy 0.2 Y 0.2 Yb 0.2 ) 3 TaO 7 high-entropy ceramic was fabricated via high-temperature solid-state reaction. The crystal structure, microstructure, phase stability and thermophysical properties were investigated. Results indicate that (Sm 0.2 Gd 0.2 Dy 0.2 Y 0.2 Yb 0.2 ) 3 TaO 7 high-entropy ceramic has single defective fluorite structure, its elements are homogenously distributed, its grain size ranges from 0.2 to 3 μ m. After high-temperature thermal cycling, the sample still remains single fluorite structure, showing excelleent phase stability at high temperature. Thermal conductivity lies in the range of 0.72 - 0.74 W/(m·K), lower than that of 7YSZ. Thermal expansion coefficient at 1200 ℃ is 5.6×10 –6 K –1 , lower than requirement of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) for surface ceramic layer. However, its thermal expansion coefficient is close to that of the silicon-based ceramics substrate of environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) ((3.4–5.5)×10 –6 K –1 ).


Fundamental issues of the semantic interoperability reasoning (SIR) constitute a basis of semantic interoperation. Such issues include: reaching of the coherence of the ontological contexts of the heterogeneous information resources (services) and of the application; searching for resources and their components that could serve as the concretizations of the application specication of requirements; creation of the composition of resources (or their components) that could serve as a consistent, coherent concretization of the application; justifying (proving) that constructed specication is truly a concretization of the application requirements. Industrial eorts (such as the OMG architecture) are addressing the core (technical) level of interoperation based on the idea of total encapsulation of the underlying resources. Such architectures do not care of SIR and have no provisions for SIR support. They can be treated as nothing-for-SIR architectures: all SIR - required analysis, decisions and tests during the interoperable system design should be provided beyond them. The notion of SIR-complete architecture is introduced. Basic propositions (specicational, methodological, architectural) that constitute the requirements for SIR-complete framework (SIRF) are presented. To add exibility, SIRF is extended with cooperative abilities based on the notion of Active Information Resources competing for participation in the information system developments. Additional organizational capability for SIRF is also predicted that leads to mediator-based organization of the past experience reected in the information resources specially organized for future reuse 1 .


The paper deals with issues of defining international standards in the area of combating the financing of terrorism and extremism. Regulatory legal acts issued by the UN since its founding to the present day regarding combating the financing of terrorism and extremism, as well as corresponding acts of Council of Europe, CIS, others groups of states, Republic of Kazakhstan are studied.
Legal acts adopted within the framework of the UN, the CIS, individual groups of states, the Republic of Kazakhstan on the fight against terrorism, separatism, and extremism are analyzed. A problem is identified that to the present day there's no uniform definition of such main legal notions used in this area as 'violence', 'extremism', 'war' and 'terrorism', 'terrorist organization', 'extremist organization'. Another problem related to the world practice of recognizing an organization as terrorist is revealed. Its two main mechanisms, political and judicial, are used in the world practice. The political mechanism involves active participation of corresponding government bodies. A court plays a key role in the recognizing an organization as terrorist in the judicial mechanism.
Certainly, the judicial mechanism of recognizing organizations, groups as terrorist is preferred. In this case there are more guarantees of compliance with law, justice, impartiality, as well as reservation of personal fundamental rights and freedoms. The political mechanism of recognizing groups or organizations as terrorist suffers from the use of 'double standards'.
On the basis of the undertaken research the author states that the Republic of Kazakhstan should come forward with an initiative concerning development of a UN regulatory legal act on the unification of international standards in the area of combating the financing of terrorism and extremism.


Somehow the idea recently came into my head to look at the faces of the people crowding around a bookstore. (I say, came into my head, because usually, when one is part of a crowd, one does not look at faces.) Next I found myself in a secondhand bookstore while ruminating over the question of the "characteristics of literature in recent years." People were packed two-deep at the creative literature racks. By all appearances, they were not individuals with a professional inter - est in literature. They uncertainly picked over the frayed wares others had read and disposed of, and tossed remarks back and forth (Is this a spy story? Dont worry. You wont be able to put it down. Does it deal with people? What do you mean, with people ? Its nothing but about people). They were afraid of buying and being disappointed, reluctant to leave without buying, and stood around looking at the endless shelves uncertainly. What I remember is their eyes: distrustful, yet riveted to the books as to a legendary godhead that pr...


This paper shows how after 5 yrs. of inflation, gas pipeline construction costs have finally felt the effects of a severe building recession. First quarter (1982) construction activity, compressor equipment and drive units, and high-pressure gas-station piping are discussed. Graphs of OGJ-Morgan composite gas pipeline cost, and gas pipeline cost component indexes are presented.


The Fisher's equation has become a foundation stone of modern macroeconomic, monetary and financial theories. Here it is shown that despite the estabilished status of Fisher's equation, it stands on a rather shaky foundations. URL:[http://www.gipe.ac.in/pdfs/working%20papers/wp24.pdf].


Children's literature is one of the chief vehicles contributing to development of gender identity in children. It can be read as an important socio-cultural and socio-political document. This article examines the gender issue of female infanticide and the representation of gender relations in Ranjit Lal's 'Crossword Best Children's Book Award' winner Faces in the Water. The study focuses on the correlation between the societal gender issue and childhood. The narrative is analysed using an interdisciplinary approach to the aspect of gender issue addressed in the text in relation to Indian society and studies made in social sciences. Also, the prevalence of the serious gender issues in the realistic narratives and the position of children as readers of narratives with serious gender issues is analyzed.


On December 22, 1999, the European Commission (Commission) unveiled a new Block Exemption as part of an effort to overhaul Europe's competition laws. The new Com? mission Block Exemption1 (here? after Block Exemption or Regulations) provides a safe har? bor for a broad range of vertical agreements, including types of agreements that previously were listed under three separate block exemptions, namely, the exclusive distribution block exemption,2 the exclusive purchasing block exemp? tion,3 and the franchising block exemption.4 The Block Exemption has caused some controversy in the franchise community, because franchising?recognized generally as a distinct method of distribu? tion?has been lumped together in the Regulations with other meth? ods of distribution and was not given much consideration in the formulation of the Regulations. This article addresses the application of the Block Exemption to franchising practices common to U.S. fran? chisors and steps that franchisors might take to avoid run? ning afoul of the Commission's competition laws.


This paper presents a new design for an ultra-fast, public electric vehicle (EV) charging station. Because of the multi-megawatt nature of such a station, the design is aimed at being appropriate for a medium voltage (MV) connection. Through the proper choice of a multi-level topology and staircase modulation, it is able to operate efficiently and provide galvanic isolation without the use of a large transformer. As a further benefit for this application, it is able to provide reactive, harmonic, and unbalanced load compensation. Simulation results are provided in Simulink to verify the effectiveness of the staircase modulation and capabilities of the topology.


An analysis is made of two-dimensional stagnation-point flow and heat transfer in a viscous fluid over a nonlinearly shrinking sheet. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordi- nary differential equations using similarity transformation, before being solved numerically by the shooting method. This investigation explores the conditions of existence and uniqueness of the similarity solution. It is found that dual solutions exist for a certain range of �� , the ratio of shrinking velocity and free stream veloc- ity. A linear stability analysis reveals that one solution is linearly stable while the other is linearly unstable. The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for different physical parameters are analyzed and discussed. Quite different flow behaviour is observed for a nonlinearly shrinking sheet from a nonlinearly stretching sheet.


The political controversy created by the ABC television series 'Embassy' about a fictitious Australian diplomatic mission in an imaginary Islamic country called Ragaan is discussed. The manner in which it used the concepts of Orientalism and 'imaginative geography' to situate the East within Western perceptions characterised by colonial attitudes and the lack of consideration for local sensibilities is analysed.


This article reflects on the way in which accounting-related thinking influenced one particular historical event: the process of deinstitutionalisation from mental hospitals in New South Wales. The article suggests that accounting (via economic rationalism and other allied philosophical lenses ) led to the under funding of the deinstitutionalisation process to the detriment of society as a whole. Some of the societal difficulties inherent in using such rationalist calculus (biased towards quantified, monetary, accounting entity assumptions) as a means of evaluating social policies are then considered. http://aux.zicklin.baruch.cuny.edulcpa2005/papers.htm/8354smark.htm 29/09/2005


A hybrid special-purpose computer based on a recursive algorithm for discrete Walsh transform computations is described. The device uses feedback in time to reduce the required number of summing junctions to N, the number of data points to be transformed. Computations are completed in 700 μs when N = 256.


Pulsed inductive plasma accelerators are electrodeless space propulsion devices where a capacitor is charged to an initial voltage and then discharged through a coil as a high-current pulse that inductively couples energy into the propellant. The field produced by this pulse ionizes the propellant, producing a plasma near the face of the coil. Once a plasma is formed if can be accelerated and expelled at a high exhaust velocity by the Lorentz force arising from the interaction of an induced plasma current and the magnetic field. While there are many coil geometries that can be employed to inductively accelerate a plasma, in this paper the discussion is limit to planar geometries where the coil take the shape of a flat spiral. A recent review of the developmental history of planar-geometry pulsed inductive thrusters can be found in Ref. [1]. Two concepts that have employed this geometry are the Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT) and the Faraday Accelerator with Radio-frequency Assisted Discharge (FARAD).


The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe nursing home staffs' perceptions of issues within the group dining room. Data were collected from a convenience sample of nursing home staff attending presentations of a multi-site workshop. Participants (N = 103) from various disciplines wrote responses to open-ended questions pertaining to their facilities, strengths and weaknesses within the dining activity. Content analysis generated five major categories including: Resident Issues, Physical Environment, Psychosocial Environment, Food and Serving Process, and Staffing Issues. These categories summarize both challenges and successes providing direction for an interdisciplinary approach to the group dining room.