In order to investigate the core structure of the lipopolysaccharide from an Escherichia coli 0100 strain, two derivatives were prepared from this strain by introducing genetic material from Salmonella abony. One, an SR hybrid, contained a lipopolysaccharide with short side chains consisting of simple repeating units of Salmonella group B specificity attached to the E. coli core. The other, an R form, contained only the E. coli core and no O side chains, due to a mutation in the Salmonella rfb chromosomal region, which determines the synthesis of the O repeating units.

By partial acid hydrolysis of the SR and R lipopolysaccharides, oligosaccharide fragments were obtained which made it possible to reconstruct the hexose region of the core (see formula below). Methylation studies performed on the dephosphorylated polysaccharides confirmed and extended these results. It was found that only about 60% of the distal glucose units of the core chains were substituted by N-acetylglucosamine residues. Further, the heptose region was shown to form a branched trisaccharide.

On mild acid hydrolysis of both lipopolysaccharide preparations a Gal-α1,7(8)-KDO disaccharide was formed, indicating that a galactose unit is linked to the 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO) portion of the lipopolysaccharide.

After Smith degradation of the SR lipopolysaccharide, the oligosaccharide Gal-β1,4-Glc-glycerol was identified which derived from the linkage region between the Salmonella type repeating unit and the E. coli core. Only the core stubs substituted by N-acetylglucosamine residues carried an O-specific unit.

On the basis of the these findings the partial structure of the E. coli 0100 core polysaccharide with a Salmonella group B-specific unit attached to it is proposed as given below. The relationships to core structures identified in lipopolysaccharides of other representatives of Enterobacteriaceae are discussed.


One of immune system components that had function to protect the body was white blood cell. Disturbance of immune system could cause the pathogen infect the body. One of the disturbances of immune system was stress, such as heat stress. Andrographis paniculata contained active compound andrographolide and Echinacea purpurea had polysaccharides compound that possesses immunomodulatory effect. This research used combination of Andrographis paniculata and Echinacea purpurea as immunomodulator on mice treated with heat stress in 39-400C. This research used 70 mice with different treatments P0 (without immunomodulator), P1 (dosage of immunomodulator given was 0.00364 caps/mice/day), P2 (two times of P1 dosage), and P3 (two times of P2 dosage). The total and differential leucocyte count was done every week for four weeks. The result was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test, and resulted significant difference on total leucocyte count on first and third week. Significant differences were also seen on eosinophil count on first week, segmented neutrophil on third week, and limphocyte count on third week


John Peffer on Reading the Contemporary: African Art from Theory to the Marketplace, ed. Olu Oguibe and Okwui Enwezor; Holland Cotter on M/E/A/N/I/N/G: An Anthology of Artists' Writings, Theory, and Criticism, ed. Susan Bee and Mira Schor; Robert S. Slifkin on Michael Auping et al., Philip Guston Retrospective; and Daniel Sherer on Alan Colquhoun, Modern Architecture.


The aim of this paper was to study of the effect of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and asparagus root (Asparagus officinalis) on in vitro digestibility and kinetics of gas production of alfalfa hay. Fenugreek seed (FS) and asparagus root (AR) were added at different levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of DM). Total phenolic components of alfalfa hay (AH), fenugreek seed (FS) and asparagus root (AR) were 5.9, 10 and 8.3 g/kg DM, total tannins 0.4, 3.8 and 1.5 g/kg DM and saponin 10.4, 27.3 and 40.3 g/kg DM, respectively. In vitro dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility of alfalfa decreased (P<0.05) by addition of different levels of FS, but were not affected by adding AR. Addition of FS did not affect alfalfa crude protein (CP) digestibility, but AR at levels of 5 and 20% DM decreased (P<0.05) it. Metabolizable energy (ME) increased (P<0.05) due to addition of FS, but it decreased (P<0.05) by incorporation of AR. Addition of FS (at 10% DM level) and AR (at 5% DM level) decreased (P<0.05) potential gas production. The rate constants (c and d) were not affected by addition of FS and AR. FS and AR at level of 5% DM decreased (P<0.05) lag time (l). FS did not affect fermentation rate (h -1 ), but AR at level of 10% DM increased (P<0.05) it. Results suggest that fenugreek seed and asparagus root due to secondary metabolites content's may have potential to improve the nutritive value of alfalfa hay.


The quick development of modern cities requires scientific means of urban management. Therefore, New Public Management Theory and Governance Theory are used in modern urban management, urban governance, in order to solve the problems of traditional urban management. Because community is the base of the society, community self-governance is the base of the urban governance.


Objectives-Concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were assayed by radioimmunoassay in serum samples collected between 1981 and 1987 from 111 patients with asbestosis who were at a high risk of cancer. Follow up of these patients until 1993 showed that 38 had developed cancer (27 lung, three mesotheliomas, and eight diverse malignancies). Results-The mean serum concentrations ofTNF-a given in fmoV100 lul serum in all the cases with cancer (14-1) and the cases with lung cancer (13.6) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the mean concentrations in the exposed controls (10.5). A positive increase was considered to be any value that was > 2 SDs above the mean of the exposed controls. 22% (six of 27) of the cases with lung cancer were positive compared with 4% (three of 73) of the exposed controls, a significant difference (P < 0.001). The serum concentrations of TNF-a correlated moderately with cancer (r = 0.3), lung cancer (r = 0.3), and Neu oncoproteins and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (r = 0-3, 0 5 respectively). Also, there was a significant correlation between development of cancer and severity or progression of asbestosis. There was no correlation between the concentrations of TNF-a and severity or progression of asbestosis. Conclusions-These results showed high concentrations of TNF-a in the patients who had cancer. TNF-a may offer an auxiliary method in early diagnosis of cancers related to asbestosis. (Occup Environ Med 1995;52:316-319) Center for Nutrition and Toxicology, Karolinska Institute, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden R Partanen K Hemminki Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland H Koskinen Correspondence to: Dr R Partanen, Center for Nutrition and Toxicology, Karolinska Institute, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden. Accepted 19 January 1995


ABSTRACT The extraction of iron(II) and iron(III) was studied with long-chain 4-acyl-5-pyrazolones and the corresponding l-phenyl-l,3-(cyclo)alkanediones, and the extraction parameter pH0·5 and log Kex were determined. 4-Acyl-5-pyrazolones are able to extract iron(H) as well as iron(III) from stronger acid solutions than 1-phenyl-I,3-(cyclo)alkanediones. The composition of iron(II) complexes is ML2, but the oxidation of iron(II) must be prevented by ascorbic acid. Iron(III) is extracted as ML3 species. Iron can be separated from nickel, zinc, and cadmium by means of the studied compounds. The extraction isotherms of these metals with l-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-5-pyrazolone were determined.


The amount of precipitation that reaches the earth's surface depends to a large extent on the vegetation cover. This cover intercepts much of the precipitation and stores it temporarily, where it is returned to the atmosphere by means of evapotranspiration. The objective of this study was to quantify and analyses the rainfall interception loss under different thinning intensities in an area of the Tamaulipan thorn scrub (MET) in northeastern Mexico. At the School of Forest Sciences in Linares, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, four plots were established for throughfall under four thinning intensities; 75, 50, 25 and 0 %, and a plot for gross rainfall measurement. 79 rainfall events were recorded (907.6 mm) for the years 2016-2017. The percentages of rainfall interception were 16, 29, 34 and 41 % for the thinning intensities of 75, 50, 25 and 0 %, respectively. Simple linear regression analyses indicate that throughfall represents 83, 70, 65 and 58 % of total precipitation for intensities of 75, 50, 25 and 0 %, respectively. The coefficients of determination for throughfall and gross rainfall were of r2 = 0.8651 and r2 = 0.8017 for the intensities to 25 and 0 %. This indicates that as the intensities is increased, throughfall is increased. The characteristics of the canopy and foliage of the different species of the MET could influence the percentage of rainfall interception.


Background—Reticuloendothelial system function is impaired in humans receiving lipid regimens. Aims—To evaluate the effects of long term administration of long chain triglyceride emulsions on reticuloendothelial system function. Methods—Splenic function and tuftsin activity were measured in 20 patients on intravenous nutrition for intestinal failure, 20 patients with Crohn's disease who were not receiving intravenous nutrition, and 50 healthy controls. Results—Pitted red cells counts in patients on intravenous nutrition (8.0%) were significantly higher (p<0.001) than in healthy controls (0.6%) and in patients with Crohn's disease (0.9%). No difference was found between healthy controls and patients with Crohn's disease. There was a correlation (r=0.50; p<0.03) between percentage of pitted red cells and duration of intravenous nutrition. Tuftsin activity was significantly reduced in the intravenous nutrition patient group (6%) compared with both disease controls (16.5%, p<0.01) and healthy volunteers (17.8%, p<0.001) . An inverse correlation between tuftsin activity and pitted red cell percentage was found in the patients on intravenous nutrition (r s =−0.44, p<0.05). No relation was found in the patients on intravenous nutrition between pitted red cell percentage or tuftsin activity and type of disease, percentage of ideal body weight, residual length of small intestine, or administration (quantity and frequency) of lipid emulsion. Eight patients on intravenous nutrition had serious infections within the previous 12 months. Conclusions—Patients with a short bowel treated with long term intravenous nutrition have impaired splenic function, reduced tuftsin activity, and an increased risk of infection.


Governments are a strategic necessity, as they provide the overarching administrative machinery to ensure that national (and citizens') needs are taken care of. The need for the civil service to be more cognizant of citizens' concerns has been reiterated in several recent studies (e.g., Tarabanis, Peristeras, & Koumpic, 2000; Janssen, Wagener, & Beerens, 2003). People interact with the government for a variety of needs, for example, payment of bills for utilities, seeking approvals for licenses, and so on. While this has served citizens well, there is a general perception that governments are generally lackadaisical in terms of response times. Citizens and businesses in today's society have high expectations and demand that their governments be more responsive to their needs. Though upping of civil service head count and decentralizing of official machinery have met with a good degree of success, it has been at the expense of a cost factor which may not be that easy to justify or sustain in the future, especially when there are so many pressing sectors of the economy needing fiscal injections. Any productivity increments achieved in maximizing use of government manpower and resources through various enabling tools means that the savings realized can be deployed back into the economy. The emergence of the Internet has given governments an opportunity to act in this regard. This has given rise to what is known as e-government.


With domestic construction industry entering into world market,construction market being reformed further and bid priced on bill of quantities being in practice,the article researches on how to carry out bid priced with bill of quantity effectively in respect of bid appraising.Based on the idea of satisfying the function with the lowest lifespan cost of value engineering,the article tends to choose the winner of the bidder with work frame of value Engineering,namely,converts appraising of technical bid,commercial bid,especially bid appraising without given bid price and appraising of major unit price items of the commercial bid,which is different from practice in traditional bid appraising process,into flow chart of value engineering and converts the complicated multi-objectives decision making process into simple comparison of the mathematic figure.The article also studies how to identify the individual cost of the bidders in some extent.


This article aims to present the results of a questionnaire applied in undergraduate courses at the Federal University of Pampa Unipampa, campus São Gabriel Brazil, which had an emphasis on reading. The aim of the questionnaire was checking the types and frequency of reading the same in the lives of academics. The results show us what types of readings are made and the frequency with which they are carried out by academics. Thus, serving as an instrument of the university population of readers, and open the possibility of identifying the potential of students and intervene in potential problems faced in acquiring knowledge through reading.


For decades the technology of binaural beats has been used effectively to produce several brain states associated with profound psycho‐physical relaxation and altered states of consciousness for learning. These rythms were discovered by Dove in 1839, but only when it was published by Oster in 1973 was its significance appreciated. It seems that these states are created by the beats through the nucleus of the medulla to the cerebral cortex, with frequencies below 30 Hz, by the combination of two higher frequencies, which generates a third one in the required range. Then the brain follows this signal. Although these sounds are used for example, to promote creative statements, improve concentration and memory, and to help eliminate anxiety, insomnia, depression, chronic fatigue, headaches, or psycho‐physical, it must be kept in mind that not everyone respond the same way to the same stimuli. The general idea is to apply it in order to improve learning.


Objective To explore the curative effects of bronchofiberscope in treating endobronchial tuberculosis.Methods 30 cases in the contrast group received antituberculotic chemotherapy.28 cases in the treatment group underwent bronchial irrigation and removal of necrotic tissues with forceps holder through bronchofiberscope after their chemotherapy.Antituberculotic drugs were injected submucously along the foci,2 months as a course of treatment.Results The obvious curative rate was 39.29% and the total curative rate was 89.28%.There existed significant difference between the two groups(P0.01).Better effects were also discovered in terms of theracic examination and other detections of sputum acid fast bacillus,blood sedimentation and bronchofiberscope(P0.01).Conclusion Application of bronchofiberscope can be used as an accessory measure in treating endobronchial tubercuslosis.


R2A: The authors acquired images of pancake ice floes from a ship-based camera on July 4, 2017, in the Antarctic marginal ice zone at about 30E, 62S. An automatic algorithm identified pancake ice floes in the images, whose size distribution was then plotted. They found three size regimes: diameters 0.25 to 2.3 meters, 2.3 to 4 meters, and 4 to 10 meters (see Figures 3b and 3d). They conjecture that the small regime is driven by the growth of pancakes from frazil ice, and the large regime is driven by the welding together of pancakes.


This paperreviewed the classical principal components analysis methods formultivariate dataanalysis and feature extraction inpattern classification. A kernel-based extension totheclassical PCA models wasdiscussed tocopewith nonlinear datadependencies. KernelPCA was implicitly performing a linear PCA insomehigh-dimensional kernel feature space thatwasnonlinearly related toinput space byusing a suitable nonlinear kernel function mapping. And then, the conjunction ofkernel PCA methodandRBF neural networks was proposed inpractical and algorithmic considerations. Finally, weillustrate theusefulness ofkernel PCA algorithms by discussing kernelPCA RBF neuralnetworks application in handwritten digit classification. Keywords-PCA, kernel, RBF neuralnetworks, pattern classification


A Monte Carlo device simulator including an accurate physical model for impact ionization (II) has been applied to the study of hot hole generation and transport in n-channel MOSFETs and its correlation with device degradation. The results indicate that the location of II generated holes and their path and heating process strongly depend on gate bias; in particular, while hot-electron effects become more important at higher V/sub gs/, substantial hole heating at the surface occurs at low V/sub gs/. Since this dependence resembles that observed in device degradation data, the correlation between these phenomena is strengthened, requiring further investigation of hole influence on device reliability.<<ETX>>


In this paper, we discuss our investigation of the surface structures of InAs layers on GaAs (001) vicinal substrates under As-stabilized and In-stabilized conditions by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The results are discussed along with those for InAs vicinal substrates.


Platelets, which are derived from megakaryocytes, circulate in mammalian blood and play essential roles in hemostasis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a conserved family of enzymes, each having both protein and lipid kinase activities. PI3K-mediated signaling affects platelet adhesion and aggregation. PI3Ks are activated downstream of several membrane proteins, including G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and the multifunctional platelet receptors aIIbb3, GPIb/ IX/V, and GPVI. PI3Ks facilitate thrombus formation by enhancing aIIbb3 activation and calcium release. PI3Ks activate diverse substrates carrying the pleckstrin homology domain, which binds phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol and facilitates the recruitment of downstream effectors to the plasma membrane. A serine-threonine family kinase, protein kinase B (PKB/ Akt), which includes three isoforms, Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3, is the primary enzyme activated by PI3Ks. All of these Akt isoforms are expressed in human and mouse platelets and play critical roles in platelet activation induced by aIIbb3, GPIb/IX/V, the collagen receptor GPVI, and GPCRs. Recently, we reported that PI3K direct effector phosphatase and tensin homolog dephosphorylates PtdIns(3, 4, 5)P3 (PIP3), producing PtdIns(4, 5)P2, thereby negatively regulating Akt phosphorylation and collagen-induced platelet activation. Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) is another cytoplasmic membrane–associated enzyme activated by PI3K. PDK1 plays essential roles in cell growth, metabolism, proliferation, and survival. PDK1 is activated by binding to the membrane-tethered PIP3, and the activated PDK1 phosphorylates Akt at Thr308 thereby activating its serine/threonine kinase activity. Although a study reported that integrin b3 Thr753 can be phosphorylated by PDK1 and Akt in vitro, the role of PDK1 in platelet activation and thrombus formation remains unknown. Here, we investigate the role of PDK1 in platelet activation and thrombus formation using mice with a plateletspecific PDK1 deletion and pharmacologic reagents. We found that platelet PDK1 activates Akt and inhibits Gsk3b, thereby enhancing thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, clot retraction, platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen (Fg), and thrombus formation.


This paper proposes an improved rotor position estimation method in permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with low-resolution hall-effect sensors. This method promise to decrease the estimated position errors, which are caused by the hall position offset. A linear interpolation based on least squares method is used to estimate the rotor position. The compensation algorithm at the hall pulse time is also used to avoid the angle transient which could cause the torque ripple. The space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy based on the estimated rotor position is used to control the PMSM. The simulation based on MATLAB/Simulink is built to validate the availability of the proposed method. Comparisons with some other position estimation algorithms also have been done to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Finally, experimental results are provided to verify the proposed method.


The goal of the Fourth International Conference on User Modeling (UM94) was to bring together user-modeling researchers from different parts of the field to discuss and learn about each other's research, contrast approaches, and develop a basis for future research and collaboration. A broad international audience of more than 110 people attended the conference, which featured system demonstrations, paper and poster sessions, three tutorials, and a set of special interest group meetings.


A method for designing LC tank circuits to improve energy efficiency and reduce layout area is described. The approach uses a projected shield that is floating, overlaps the trace of the overlying inductor, and adds capacitance to the tank's inductor. Capacitance is distributed along the spiral traces, and the layout area is thus decreased. In this paper, we investigate the properties of spiral inductors with and without projected shielding, and compare the method with similar circuits including those with floating shields shaped as patterned ground shields. In addition, a measurement methodology for LC tank resonators is developed and presented. Test structures are implemented as microstrip spiral inductors and evaluated as LC tank circuits that resonate between 100 and 500 MHz. The Q values of shielded structures are up to 7% greater than those without shields, and area savings for LC resonators-compared with side-by-side layouts of L and C-are up to 35%.


Aiialysiiig Coilversatioil is a provocative contribution to the growing literature on the analysis of conversation. Its major thesis is that all approaches to conversation suffer from the same fatal assumption: that human interaction is characterized by unlimited intersubjectivity. This assumption, the authors claim, leads analysts to postulate some version of the "rules-and-units" model, which supposes that conversations consist of definable units which are produced and interpreted by means of socially available rules. Unfortunately, the authors claim, the "rules-and-units" model is hopelessly flawed and any version of it is doomed to failure. The book is strong in its discussion of very different models of conversation analysis (although there are some problems with the discussion of the ethnomethodology model) and in its clear presentation of extremely complex linguistic and philosophical arguments. In spite of the fact that I do not agreee with the authors' views on intersubjectivity, and that one can find much earlier, more extensive treatments of rule-based approaches to social behaviour, this book offers an important perspective for scholars in the area of conversation analysis (and, for that matter, in any area with a propensity for positing rules). Anulysing Conversation is organized around critiques of five well-known models of conversation analysis, constituting chapters 2 through 6 : social psychology; speech act theory; exchange structure analysis; Gricean prgamatics; and ethnomethodology. Chapter 1 introduces the problems of a rules-and-units approach, and chapter 8 offers Taylor and Cameron's conclusions; chapter 7 is a digression on the relationship between grammatical strings and conversational utterances. Although chapter 7 is thoroughly intriguing, I will refrain from commenting on it here, since it is tangential t o the main thrust of the book. Chapter 1 presents the difficulties with a rules-and-units method and discusses why such a method is required by the assumption of unlimited intersubjectivity. Let us tackle the second issue first. It is a wide-spread belief, according to Taylor and Cameron (hereafter T&C), that conversationalists understand one another completely, and recognize uniformly a specific utterance as performing a particular social act. This belief leads to the dependent claim that such uniformity in understanding can only be achieved by


Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of ki-67 in laryngeal squamous carcinoma.Methods With immunohistoch-emistry,the expressions of ki-67 was measured in the paraffin section of the larynx squamous carcinoma tissue of 50 patients.Results The overall positive rate of ki-67 was 60%.The expression of ki-67 in squamous cell carcinoma of larynx tissues was higher than those mucosa of laryngeal cavity(P0.05);The high expression of ki-67 had some relationships to the clinical staging and the metastasis to cervical lymph nodes(P0.05).Conclusion ki-67 is objective marks to estimate the behaviors of squamous cell carcinoma of larynx.ki-67can be used as one of the markers to evaluate the development and predict the metastasis of tumors of patient.


The continuous monitoring of vital signals is crucial in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. With the focus on a continuous and non-intrusive acquisition of ballistocardiographic signal, a mobile seat instrumentalized with optical fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is proposed. The development of a six-sensor network will allow the study of the feasibility of their positioning to aim a greater efficiency. To calculate the heart rate, a time domain algorithm was developed based on the determination of the period between J-peaks of the ballistocardiograph. This model was tested on ten volunteers, in a sitting position, with data acquisitions carried out in periods of three minutes. To evaluate its performance, the results were compared with a wearable reference system, obtaining an accuracy greater than 95% for the majority of the participants, thus verifying that the developed system overcame the proposed objective.


The factors that motivate people to codify and share knowledge for the benefit of others have
been identified as a priority area for individual companies (Smith & Farquhar, 2000, p. 27).
They represent the most commonly discussed topic amongst practitioners and academics at
conferences on knowledge management (KM) (Prusak, 1999, p. 6) and highlight an important
area for knowledge research (Holsthouse, 1998, p. 277). To some the encouragement of
employees to contribute knowledge is more important than the issues related its capture,
storage and dissemination (see for example Boisot & Griffiths, 1999).
While academics may theorise over the relative importance of motivating knowledge sharing,
organisations need to find ways to encourage individuals, who have complete discretion over
how they handle their knowledge assets, to use them for the benefit of the firm by sharing
what they know openly and freely. They want to discourage knowledge hoarding – both
wholesale and partial - and knowledge loss caused by employee departure. The sharing of
information and knowledge is important to efforts in social learning. It is argued that with
straightforward access to common resources employees can execute routine tasks quickly;
they can aggregate previously disconnected pieces of information to facilitate innovation in
working practices, product design or service delivery; and they can be liberated from the fear
of losing important intellectual assets if valued colleagues leave the firm


Abstract Korea performance tourism is becoming important role as a Korea tourism contents UNWTO emphasize 10 categories alternative tourism Culutural, Urban Tourism. In 2012, Foreign performance tourist surpassed 1.62 million. At this point government policy support is needed for qualitative development. To establish this support policy standard, evaluation scale is imperative. Delphi is designed as a performance expert group communication process which aim to achieve a convergence of opinion on Korea performance evaluation measures The AHP converts these evaluations to numerical values that can be processed and compared over the entire range of the problem. Evaluation Scale for Korea Performance is consist of 4 Main Category Division. This scale can suggest ways to improve Korea performances. Key Words : Korea Performance, Development of evaluation scale, Korea performance supporting policy, AHP, Delphi Received 17 March 2014, Revised 14 April 2014Accepted 20 May 2014Corresponding Author: Chul-Won Kim(Professor, Kyunghee University)E-Mail : email@example.comⒸ The Society of Digital Policy & Management. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is ISSN: 1738-1916 properly cited.


It is well known that traffic in wired network has self-similar property (e.g. in ethernet LAN [1], wide area network [2], and WorldWideWeb [3]). In spite of the differences in implementation, traffic in wireless network is also known to have self-similar property (e.g. in wireless LAN [4], CDPD network [5], and ad hoc network [6]). In [7], the authors present performance analysis of a queue serving Gaussian traffic when the service rate is constant. Since the service rate in a wireless channel varies in time, a queue under a wireless channel has different performance than a queue with constant service rate. Hence, it is necessary to study the queue performance under a wireless channel. The FBM (Fractional Brownian Motion) traffic model is the simplest and most widely studied model describing self-similar process [8][9]. In addition, the Rayleigh fading channel model is widely used to describe a wireless fading channel. In this paper, we use them to consider a general wireless system. The objective of this paper is to provide the overflow probability of the queue fed by the FBM input traffic under Rayleigh fading channel.


Nepal is one of the least developed countries in the world. Environmental pollution and its influence on humane health are the growing concern of national health planners. The purpose of this study was to examinethe relationship between the resource use and environmental perception of inhabitants, and to discuss the environmental sustainability in Nepal. We carried out a preliminary study on environmental pollution and a questionnaire survey in three districts, Kathmandu, Mustang, and Rupandehi, which were selected with a consideration of geographical, ecological and urban-rural conditions in the country. Environmental concentrations and personal exposure levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured by using small passive air samplers/gas tubes, and drinking water quality was examined by a portable test-kit. Using questionnaire, we collected information for a total of 585 persons through local interviewers on residential conditions, agricultural activity, environmental conditions, health effect, and attitude toward environmental sustainability. We found that the environmental concentrations and personal exposure levels of NO2 and total VOCs differed by regions, reflecting the different type of emission sources. Although the levels were generally lower than the international guideline, the indoor levels of NO2 and total VOCs were commonly higher in three districts than outdoor levels. Some of the samples from the potable water sources in urban area were unexpectedly contaminated with a high level of nitrate. Analysis of the response to questionnaire indicated marked regional differences in subjects' environmental perception and focus on the major environmental problems.


Nanoscale TiO2 photocatalysis were synthesized by a sol-gel solve thermal method using titanium n-butoxide, benzoic acid, ethanol and water as raw materials. As synthesized TiO2 catalysis were characterized by XRD, Raman, BET and TEM, it was found that the TiO2 catalysis were of large surface area and high crystalline anatase. Additionally, their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under UV light irradiation. TiO2 photocatalysis show good photocatalytic activity and can completely photodegrade MO after 60 min UV irradiation.


The incidence of self-service technology, where the consumer delivers the service themselves using technology, is increasing in the service encounter. One area that is under-explored is the potential impact of self-service technology on consumer satisfaction and affective commitment. Accordingly, this paper presents an empirical study that investigates the relative impact of self-service technology on consumer satisfaction (both overall and transaction-specific) and affective commitment, accounting for the moderating effects of consumer characteristics. The results highlight the importance of personal service for evaluations of satisfaction and commitment, and the importance of social competency as a moderator in this relationship. An understanding of these consumer perceptions will allow organisations to develop strategies to deliver the services expected by their consumers, improving consumer satisfaction and commitment.


Provided herein is a composition, said composition comprising: (A) in an amount of about 30 wt% - about 90 wt% of silanol and / or hydrocarbons - terminated polyorganosiloxane; and, (B) in an amount of about 10 wt% - about 70 wt% of a wet silylated polyurethane resin is cured. In another embodiment, the article also provides a two-component sealant composition, wherein the first component comprises: (A) in an amount of about 15 wt% - about 60 wt% of silanol and / or hydrocarbons - terminated polyorganosiloxane, (B) in an amount of from about 2 wt% - about 32% by weight of the moisture-curable silylated polyurethane resin, and (C) a filler, said weight percentages being based on the first weight of the components. Further, provided herein is a composition of fumed silica, said composition comprising: (A) in an amount of about 20 wt% - about 62 wt% of silanol and / or hydrocarbons - terminated poly organosilicon siloxane; (B) in an amount of about 8 wt% - about 38 wt% of a wet silylated polyurethane curing of the resin; and, (C) in an amount of from about 5 to about 10 wt% of the treated fumed silica.


In this paper, to provide a guideline of designing a high-performance NCFET, we explored not only the capacitance matching between ferroelectric HZO MIM and MOSFET but also how effective mobility is affected by HZO dipoles. For capacitance matching, we observe a 50x enhancement of overall gate capacitance triggered by NC effect, while, however, it generated an adverse degradation of the mobility. This mobility degradation is induced by the remote scattering from the ferroelectric HZO dipoles. Fortunately, if suitable polarization can be formed to align the HZO dipoles, the effects of remote scattering can be mitigated. From a trade-off between gate capacitance and the mobility, an NCFET with desirable characteristics can be achieved. Besides, we showed that improved SS is possible when the derivative of the voltage across the ferroelectric MIM is negative and is corresponding to the release of energy from the ferroelectric MIM which boosts SS.


From urgency and inevitability of th e reform of mathematics education,t his thesis discusses about the establishment of mathematics cu rriculum,teaching contents and methods,puts forward some advantageou s advice of the reform.


In 5‐day incubation of an estrogen receptor‐negative human ovarian cancer cell line (KF) with diethyl‐2‐[4‐(phenylmethyl)phenoxy]ethanamine‐HCl (DPPE), the concentration of DPPE required for 50% inhibition of KF cell proliferation (IC50) was 1.7 μM. The IC50 of DPPE for inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) activity was 3.0 μM, a similar value to those of other antiestrogens such as tamoxifen and clomiphene. DPPE also inhibited phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase in KF cells. When treatment with DPPE was started 7 days after inoculation of KF cells into nude mice, 50 mg/kg DPPE alone resulted in a significant growth retardation in the early stage of tumor growth. Although 25 mg/kg DPPE showed a similar effect to 2 mg/kg cisplatin (CDDP), the combination had the most marked tumor growth‐inhibitory effect. Nude mice treated with combinations of CDDP and DPPE survived significantly longer than not only untreated, but also CDDP‐alone‐treated mice, while 50 mg/kg but not 25 mg/kg DPPE alone had an effect comparable to that of 2 mg/kg CDDP alone. If treatment with DPPE was begun from the day after tumor inoculation, the inhibitory effect of DPPE was further enhanced, especially when combined with CDDP. If treatment with DPPE was started in nude mice with a lower tumor burden, 25 mg/kg as well as 50 mg/kg DPPE had a similar effect to 2 mg/kg CDDP, in terms of survival. When DPPE was combined with CDDP, the effect was significantly enhanced, compared to that of either alone. These treatments could be done without any adverse side effect. Thus, we conclude that DPPE has an antiestrogen action and its tumor growth‐inhibiting activity is enhanced on administration in combination with CDDP.


The image prevailing among the public of scientific research and researchers constitutes a contradictory and complex combination of traditional stereotypes. We explore central facets of the image of scientific research and researchers as reflected in Greek adolescent students' drawings. Drawings were produced by 171 students participating in a drawing competition launched in the context of the "Researchers' Night 2007" implemented by three research institutions in Greece. Analysis of students' drawings involved dimensions related to the image of scientific researchers and of scientific research. Outcomes indicate that the students hold fairly outdated views of scientific researchers and their activity, involving stereotypic views of scientists and science, as well as gender stereotypes. Therefore there is an urgent need to promote a more relevant image of scientific researchers and their activity to young people and especially students.


Unlike the etching process for conventional devices, some special problems will happen in the dry etching process for high aspect ratio(HAR)microstructures, such as RIE lag, etching stop, local bowing and notching effect. The characteristics, key technique and check-up method in HAR etching process are thus discussed.


Following the unsuccessful use of plain radiography in diagnosing foetal abnormality in several cases (Daw, 1970), the procedure of intrauterinc foetal visualization was introduced at this hospital, using the '~Iyodil' technique (Lenllon, 19(7). The following were some of the more unusual views obtained; (I) Fig. I shows a normal male infant of less than 32 weeks' maturity. The head, limbs, abdOmcn and back are all well outlined. The foetus lies obliquely in a uterus enlarged by Illoderate hydramnios. (2) The unusual appearances of Fig. 2 are due to a large ovarian cyst filling the pelvis, displacing the foetus and allowing the right arm to prolapse into the pelvis. The foetus appears to be female and is well outlined. The cyst was displaced during labour and the patient delivered normally. . (3) A grande multiparae was investigated for an unstable lie and polyhydramnios and Fig. 3 Shows what was found: the transverse lie and elbow presentation were uncorrectable and the paticnt was subsequently delivered by caesarean section. (4) The anencephalic foetus shown in Fig. 4 even has details of the eyelashes. The maturity Was 38 weeks, as is shown by less detail of the limbs and back.


My review is shaped by the fact that I am deeply invested in understanding theatre theory as it emerges from an array of locales around the world, although I have a non-expert knowledge of Indian t...


The objectives of this research were (1) to study Buddhism with promoting mental well-being of older adults in Umong community. (2) to study the way of templedevelopment and the center of promoting metal well-being of older adults in Umong community and (3) to present the model of promoting metal well-being of older adults. This research is qualitative research, participatory action research : PAR and the effectiveness of the appreciation influence control (AIC) of the community for learning interaction with action and planning.The participation of community leader with operation experience of promoting mental well-being of the community.The instrument for collecting data wereinterview, observation and focus group discussion – FGD. The result of data analysis research was reliability and consistent with the objective of research. The research results are as below: Buddhism concerns with various process in promoting mental well-being of older adults both direction way and indirection way.The index instrumentevaluation of mental well-being. Overall, the level of mental well-being is better. Point out that Buddhism can promote mental well-being of older adults visibly. The important role of driving process to Buddhism for promoting mental well-being of adult that is temple. Temple then has the way of temple development for being center of taking care mental well-being of older adults by integrating device Buddhism. It concerns with the development of religious place, religious person, Buddha teaching and religious ceremony, these are the taking care of mental well-being of the community. There are also guidelines for temple management as the center must have the principle and structure of temple management clearly that includes vision, planning, organizing, leading, order, control and the participation of community, temple and various organization that are shared idea, consideration, practice and benefit in promoting temple development for being the center of training care mental well-being of older adults. To study of Buddhism research with promoting mental well-being of older adults in the community presented the model of promoting mental well-being of older adults by integrating Buddhism and promoting mental well-being. To present the model of temple development integrated with Buddhism, management and the participation of home, temple and government for promoting mental well-being of older adults and present the model of government sector (Local Administration etc.). To make public policy that support to promote well-being, to change care system of coorperation and promote environment that supports to healthy community.


Structural differences between the heavy chain of membrane IgD (6,) and the heavy chain of secreted IgD (6,) were investigated by using a human lymphoblastoid cell line that expresses idiotypically identical IgM and IgD. In a wheat germ cell-free system, mRNA from this cell line was shown to encode two distinct 6 chains that differed in molecular weight. When translated in vitro in the presence of dog pancreatic microsomal membranes or when synthesized in vivo, these two 6 chains were processed to four discrete glycosylated forms, all of which shared idiotypic determinants, C-region determinants, and light chain linkage. As shown by digestion with endo-P-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. these four 6 forms represent two 6 polypeptide chains that are differentially N-glycosylated. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that, after endo-P-N-acetylglucosaminidase H treatment, 6, has a higher molecular than 6,. After integration into dog pancreatic microsomal membranes in vitro. 6, was found not to have a large cytoplasmic domain exposed to proteolytic digestion. The finding that 6, and 6, differ in primary structure is analogous to previous work showing that the corresponding heavy chains of IgM (p, and ps), synthesized by the same cell line, have identical NH,-terminal amino acid sequences and idiotype. but differ in molecular weight, in topology, and in primary structure at the COOH-terminus.' A common feature of these membrane heavy chains, as well as the membrane heavy chain of IgA' appears to be inclusive of a membrane "domain" with structural characteristics underlying several functions, notably (a] information necessary for integration into the lipid bilayer of the rough endoplasmic reticulum at the time of synthesis, and (b) information relevant to the processes of B-cell activation (or inactivation], after the completed antigen receptors have been transported to the plasma membrane. The apparent dichotomy of B-cell responses mediated through either membrane IgM or membrane IgD may reflect unique COOH-terminal sequences on p, and 6,. capable of initiating different intracellular cascades. The finding that the two primary translation products of the 6 chain are processed in vivo to yield four early biosynthetic forms, a function of differential N-glycosylation. may be related to the heterogeneity of 6 chains observed in earlier studies. Finally, the observation of four primary translation products (p,. p,, 6, and a,] in one cell line, each with the same V region, presents an experimental system in which to investigate the generation of the corresponding four mRNAs from the p-6 gene complex.


Education which applied in Indonesia influenced by many factors, for example: government political policy. Government policies ranging from colonial, pre independence day, post independence day until the new orde seemed to ignore Islamic education. This problem causing Islamic education institution have many weakness that have to find a solution. Islamic education institution lack of human resource, management, and fund. Muslims have not been able to optimally actualize Islam transformatively. Islamic education is less attractive to the public. This weakness can be solved due to the struggle of muslims and Islamic figure and the increase of government attention to Islamic education. Thus making various policies and regulations that bring Islamic education and Islamic education institutions increasingly play a role in the implementation of education in general in Indonesia. This can be seen from the number of recitation in hotels, the development of religious music, Muslim Television, Muslim newspaper and many young designer appeared to make a fashion trend in many national and international events.


Ni-P-polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) hydrophobic film was prepared by means of chemical composite plating on pure copper of base material.By controlling the ingredients and conditions of plating solution,the composite material Ni-P-PTFE film with good hydrophobicity was obtained.The contact angle between the material and distilled water is 128.6°.The Atomic Force Microscope(AFM) spectra indicate that the particulate distribution on film surface is uniform.XPS results show that the total mass fraction of Ni,P,PTFE is about 52.68% of film surface composition.


Comprehensively implementing the scientific development concept is of great importance under the situation of the construction of a harmonious society.In the construction of a harmonious campus,the university Party organization should have correct understanding of the connotations of harmonious campus,find the key points for organizing services,constructing harmonious campus and strengthening the construction of harmonious campus.


Onboard X-band Weather Radar(OXWR)is one of the important equipment for emergency eservice in Bureau of Meteorology of Xinjiang.According to installation conditions,structure of OXWR antenna,lifting height and performance requirements,dedicated lifting system of OXWR Antenna was developed by combining the modularized design.The system was composed of mounted platform,tracking frame,roller,cylinder and other components.System running stability was guaranteed by synchronous control method and antenna could be installed quickly in case of weather emergency precautions.


In the process of swelling the change of supramolecular structure of material of membrane is happening at the expense of deformation both crystal and amorphous component of phase of paragraph. Molecules of water, having strong tendency to donor-acceptor interactions with potentially forming ions of free surfaces of capillary porous media make wedging anisotropic operation on intermolecular heterostructure membrane, compressing the amorphous regions of the crystal lattice. The comparison analysis of diffractograms of new and used membrane MGA-95 showed, that the factor of superposition of external impact it more likely to play only stimulating role on transfer of material, but not on inner molecular structural changes of membrane's base.


1. The aerosol aspirator comprising! a body with a mouthpiece comprising an inlet for ambient air, open on its outer surface,! generating device placed inside the housing to form an aerosol, wherein the generating device comprises! forming aerosol passage extending from the inlet for external air to the mouthpiece and having a space distribution and the spray surface, in its middle part,! feed pump having a solution chamber containing a solution to be converted into an aerosol, for supplying the solution from the solution chamber in the distribution in the a fixed amount every time driven by a feed pump, and! spraying device for spraying solution, let down in place in the spray distribution surface. ! 2. The aerosol aspirator according to claim 1, wherein the formation of the aerosol channel is a tubular conduit. ! 3. The aerosol aspirator according to claim 2, wherein the spraying device comprises a heater located downstream of the switching point upstream of the die, wherein the heater has a heating surface serving as a surface spray. ! 4. The aerosol aspirator according to claim 3, wherein the heater is tubular in form and forms a part of the channel forming the aerosol. ! 5. The aerosol aspirator according to claim 4, wherein the feed pump is a syringe pump, and! generating device further comprises a fluidic channel connecting the syringe pump and aerosol formation in the spot distribution channel so that the channel formation aero


TRNSYS is a standard simulation environment that can be successfully used to evaluate thermal performance of the thermosyphon solar water heaters through the use of component Type 45. However, it is possible for errors to be incurred in the case of performing optimization of some of the design parameters of a thermosyphon system. This is thought to be due to the fixing of the values of collector performance characteristics and tank overall heat loss coefficient throughout the optimization process in the case of changing collector and tank parameters. The suggestion in this study is to add two new components in order to account theoretically for this situation as well as to change the characteristic performance of the collector, pipe and tank loss coefficients from being parameters to instead being inputs to the current version of Type 45. The study has shown that linking these two components with the modified thermosyphon-collector component Type 245 (referred to as 'Modified TRNSYS Model') gives results that agree to within an error of less than 7% with the traditional way of evaluating system performance (solar fraction) by using Type 45 (referred to as 'Original TRNSYS Model'). Further a more, the modified TRNSYS model eliminates restrictions on design parameter optimization and gives a wider choice for conducting parametric studies.


The active-knee-extension (AKE) test has been used to measure hamstring muscle length. The traditional AKE test measures the popliteal angle to the point of resistance with a 90-degree flexion of the hip fixed by straps, while the stabilized AKE test measures the popliteal angle to the point of resistance with a 90-degree flexion of the hip stabilized using a pressure biofeedback unit providing lumbopelvic stabilization. The purpose of this study was to determine test-retest reliability of the traditional AKE test and stabilized AKE test. Twenty healthy adults participated in the study. The popliteal angles were measured with a digital inclinometer during each test. To assess the test-retest reliability between the 2 test sessions, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. The intrasubject coefficient of variation () was also calculated. To compare the traditional and stabilized AKE tests for changes in pressure, paired t-tests were applied. The results of this study were as follows: 1) ICCs(3,1) value for test-retest reliability was .96 in the traditional AKE test, and was .98 in the stabilized AKE test. 2) The maximal was 33.7% in the traditional AKE test and 15.7% in the stabilized AKE test. 3) Differences of mmHg in pressure were measured in the traditional AKE test, and differences of mmHg in pressure were measured in the stabilized AKE test. The results show the traditional and stabilized AKE test to be highly reliable, with test-retest reliability. However, the stabilized AKE test represented less variation and more stabilization than the traditional AKE test. Further study is needed to measure the inter-rater reliability of the stabilized AKE test for generalization and clinical application.


Anirvacan iyakhy ati belongs in the first part of S. Mesquita suggests that two palm leaves must have been interchanged. For the reconstruction of the second part of S Mesquita makes use of Y amuna's Atmasiddhi of which he analyses in detail the relevant part (pp. 73–81). The results of his reconstruction are to be found on pp. 88–91. Part III of Mesquita's work is a critical edition of the Sanskrit text, and Part IV a translation accompanied by numerous references to other texts and detailed explanations of difficult points. Part V contains several indexes: an index of verses, an index locorum, and index of words and an index of names and topics. The appendix comprises a list of fragments of lost parts of S quoted in other texts, the text of the discussion on sahopalambhaniyama in the Atmasiddhi and a concordance of the verses of S in five printed editions. Mesquita's study of S is a very important contribution to the study of Vi sis.t. advaita. The reconstruction of the contents of S is a task which could only be accomplished by a scholar with an excellent knowledge of the texts of the Vi sis.t. advaita and its adversaries. It is much to be regretted that it has taken so long to bring this fine piece of work to the attention of the readers of the IIJ.


The modular assembly of heparin oligosaccharides requires glucosamine building blocks with amine protecting groups for α-selective glycosylations that can be readily removed. The synthesis of N-4-nitrobenzensulphonamide (nosyl)- and N-2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-protected glucosamine building blocks and their evaluation as glycosylating agents is described. The N-nosyl-protected glucosamine building blocks were challenging to prepare and their glycosylations resulted in inseparable mixtures of products. The N-DNP-protected glucosamines, however, were readily synthesized and resulted in α-selective couplings to protected l-iduronic acid derivatives.


AND KEYWORDS Abstract In this paper we describe how rolling stock and passenger connections in a cyclic railway timetable can be modeled in a flexible way within the model for the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP). The PESP model was introduced by Serani and Ukovich (1989). Usually, PESP models assume that the constraints for rolling stock or passenger connections specify in detail which trains should connect with each other. However, the flexibility described in this paper allows the model to choose which trains should connect with each other in a rolling stock or passenger connection. We express the required number of train compositions in terms of the integer cycle variables of the constraint graph. We also describe an abstract framework, demonstrating that, under certain conditions, the extra flexibility can be modeled purely in terms of PESP constraints. The concept of flexible rolling stock and passenger connections is illustrated by an example based on three intercity lines of Netherlands Railways. Classifications The electronic versions of the papers in the ERIM report Series contain bibliographic metadata by the following classification systems: Abstract In this paper we describe how rolling stock and passenger connections in a cyclic railway timetable can be modeled in a flexible way within the model for the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP). The PESP model was introduced by Serafini and Ukovich (1989). Usually, PESP models assume that the constraints for rolling stock or passenger connections specify in detail which trains should connect with each other. However, the flexibility described in this paper allows the model to choose which trains should connect with each other in a rolling stock or passenger connection. We express the required number of train compositions in terms of the integer cycle variables of the constraint graph. We also describe an abstract framework, demonstrating that, under certain conditions, the extra flexibility can be modeled purely in terms of PESP constraints. The concept of flexible rolling stock and passenger connections is illustrated by an example based on three intercity lines of Netherlands Railways.


The objective of this article is to identify spatial dependence in terms of employment as one of the basic indicators of social and economic cohesion in the European Union. The implementation of the social cohesion principle refers to reducing disproportions between countries and regions in areas such as employment. For the European Community, this aspect is of particular importance since one of its objectives consists precisely in the promotion of the development of balanced economic activities across the territory. The presented analysis is to provide an answer to the question about the occurrence of regional clusters characterised by similar labour market development levels. This approach can be helpful in taking decisions about financial support and allow for the identification of spatial clusters characterised by an unfavourable situation. The analysis covers the period 2005-2012, which allowed for the assessment of changes in spatial interaction vis-a-vis employment as one of the most important indicators of social cohesion after EU enlargement in 2004 – the largest single expansion of the European Union (EU) in terms of territory, number of states and population, including labour market.


The out-of-plane losses experienced in conventional photonic crystals waveguides are an essential limitation for theirs future applications. This article presents a theoretical study of this losses for one-dimensional photonic crystals waveguides. Our numerical results are obtained using a new and powerful algorithm based on an extension of the rigorous coupled wave analysis. The origins of the losses are highlighted qualitatively in terms of effective medium theory and quantitatively in terms of mode mismatch. From these insights, a generic approach based on an adiabatic mode conversion is proposed and validated numerically for cavities with large quality factors and large peak transmissions.


The cutoff age for a pediatric and hebetic pituitary adenoma is 16 or 18 years old verified by surgery. The endocrinologic and iconographic investigation is the fundament and essence of diagnosis and treatment. Pediatric and hebetic prolactin adenomas respond to bromocriptine therapy as adult tumors do. A conchal or nonpneumatized type of sphenoid is not a contraindication to transsphenoidal surgery. The transsphenoidal microsurgery is optimal treatment in children and adolescents with Cushing's disease. The cure rate of pituitary ACTH adenomas is 80 %-98 %. Pituitary irradiation has been abandoned as the primary treatment due to the delayed onset of hypopituitarism. Pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction after surgery may produce substantial morbidity in the pediatric patients with a pituitary tumor. Regular and long-term follow-up is of great importance.


A detailed examination of [4+2] cycloaddition reactions between 1,8-disubstituted cyclooctatetraenes and diazo compounds revealed that 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione (PTAD) reacts to form either 2,3- or 3,4-disubstituted adducts. The product distribution can be controlled by modulating the electron density of the cyclooctatetraene. Unprecedented [4+2] cycloadditions between diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) and 1,8-disubstituted cyclooctatetraenes are also described and further manipulation of a resulting cycloadduct uncovered a new pathway to the synthetically challenging bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-2,4-diene family. Variation of the substituents resulted in a range of compounds displaying selective action against different human tumour cell types.


A key obstacle for dark organizations is negotiating who is and is not a member. Following the social identity approach, this study explores the impact of prototypical communication, through code word use, on the structure of two dark online organizations. We use two-mode exponential random graph modeling to demonstrate the interdependence between code word use and network structure. Findings are discussed in light of social identity approaches and online groups.


This study is aimed at analyzing the economics of smallholder dairy production in the Kiambu District, Kenya. The main objective was to "test for allocative efficiency" of the sample farms. The source of data was from randomly selected dairy farms in Kiambu. An analysis using a Cobb-Douglas form of production function was performed for the major inputs farmers used on their dairy animals. Results revealed that concentrates were being used inefficiently. This implied that there were potential gains which could accrue from reallocation of this resource. However, it was noted that there was efficiency in the use of operating capital, hired and family labour and farm by-products. This implies that, for those inputs used efficiently, further development in agriculture can be achieved only through the introduction of more modern technologies than those currently used. These could include new inputs, apicultural education, special skills and techniques, and competent guidance in farm planning.


The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting teachers' ICT use for instructional purposes in secondary schools of South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. To achieve this purpose, it identified the factors that hamper teachers not to integrate ICT in their teaching, learning, and researches. It also looked into the relationships between teachers' ICT use and the identified factors; and examined the extent to which teachers' ICT use is affected by the identified factors. In doing so, descriptive survey design was employed. Simple random sampling technique was used to decide on the woredas. In this case, from 11 woredas, five woredas were selected. Furthermore, 5 preparatory schools were taken using comprehensive sampling technique; moreover, 5 high schools were taken using lottery method. From these schools all 303 teachers were taken. In addition, 10 principals, 5 supervisors, and 4 district education office heads were taken purposively. Questionnaire, focus group discussion, and interview were used to collect data pertinent to the research topic. To analyze the quantitative data, therefore, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed. Furthermore, narration, direct quotation, and story- telling techniques were used to analyze the qualitative data. The finding of the study revealed that there were statistically significant relationships observed between teachers' ICT use for instructional purposes and teacher's perception (r= 0.51); ICT use and teacher training (r= 0.26); ICT use and school policy (r= 0.56); ICT use and access to different ICTs (r= 0.70); ICT use and school support (r= 0.41); and ICT use and school curriculum (r= 0.51). These factors jointly contributed about 64.3% of the variance of the teachers ICT use for instructional purposes. Among the above factors, teachers' perception and access to ICT facilities and materials predict significantly teachers' ICT use for instructional purpose.  Based on the findings possible recommendations were also forwarded. Keywords : Information communication technology, ICT use for instructional purposes, ICT for quality education


INTRODUCTION The region between Corsica island and mainland France includes the International Marine Mammal Sanctuary of Mediterranean Sea. In this region the cyclonic Ligurian current generates a frontal system, conspicuous on satellite imagery. A high primary productivity period occurs once a year, in March-April and slighter production peak occurs in October. This area is known as an important summer feeding ground for fin whales (Relini et al., 1992) and several odontocete species. Few attempts have been made to describe the situation during the winter, however, four species are known to be present between September and June: the striped, Risso's, bottlenose dolphins and the fin whale (Gannier, 1998). Monitoring surveys have been conducted during one year on a monthly basis to assess the seasonal variation of cetacean population (distribution and relative abundance) in this area.


The paper firstly introduces the general development situation of the domestic and foreign highway CAD technology,then comprehensively introduces the current situation of the domestic and foreign highway CAD software,and points to some current questions about the highway CAD software,finally makes generalizes for the development trend of highway CAD software.


Vibrational predissociation (VP) of glyoxal complexes formed in a supersonic
expansion, has been studied in several vibrational levels of the first excited singlet
electronic state S1(1Au) of glyoxal. Light complexes as H2-glyoxal display a nice state
to state dissociation. Whereas the analysis of the fluorescence spectrum, together with
lifetime measurements, have shown that VP is in competition with other intramolecular
vibrational energy redistribution processes in these systems, as well as inter-system
crossing (ISC). Glyoxal-Ar and glyoxal-Kr behave very similarly. In particular, two
isomers exist with different dissociation schemes (but similar for the same isomer of
Ar or Kr-complex), and Kr does not seem to enhance ISC. Thus selectivity in the
dissociation routes has to be understood as a competition between these deactivation
channels.


This paper examines the interpretive and descriptive strategies that European explorers applied to the artifcial structures they discovered in the Pacific. In an age when 'savages' were believed to have little claim on the realm of taste, such manifestations of aesthetic consciousness occasioned a certain unease. Verbal and visual responses (intertwined by their use of picturesque conventions) both struggle to defect this unsettling sense of 'otherness' by 'naturalising' the objects. One way in which this is achieved is by viewing them as organic parts of the landscape—thus the discourses of landscape gardening and painting intersect intriguingly with those of 'scientifc' exploration. The paper chiefy examines responses to the Easter Island statues, but also considers Tahitian and Maori edifces.


This report provides a brief summary of the outcome of the project proposed for the 2015 IEEE MTT-S Graduate Fellowship Award. The main goal of the project was to design, investigate, and implement an in-situ sensor array for an effective supervision and control of low-pressure plasma processes. Furthermore, the applied multipole resonance probe and its planar and stacked realization were investigated and optimized. Therefore, detailed 3-D electromagnetic field simulations were performed in order to design and investigate the sensors and a passive parallelization concept. Finally, the parallelization concept was confirmed by in-situ measurements in an argon plasma. The research activities have resulted in a journal article and several conference papers. Keywords—3-D electromagnetic simulations, feedback control, multipole resonance probe, plasma diagnostics.


1Department of midwifery and reproductive health, Muhimbili National Hospital-Upanga 2Department of pediatrics , Muhimbili National HospitalMloganzila 3Department of midwifery and reproductive health, Muhimbili National Hospital-Upanga 4Department of midwifery and reproductive health, Muhimbili National Hospital-Mloganzila COMPLETE PENOSCROTAL TRANSPOSITION WITH MULTIPLE CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS


Applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) sometimes cannot deliver the quality required by users due to packet loss and node leaving. There is a trade-off between energy and quality: increasing quality requires energy, and decreasing energy invites a lack of quality. To adjust the trade-off, actions which make changes to the energy and quality condition are required. There has been previous research on actions to reduce energy and to improve quality, but how to select actions and methods in accordance with the condition has not been established. To overcome this problem, we propose a framework that can select suitable actions from multiple choices based on an analysis of the condition by applying methods found in Project Management. This framework consists of (1) Earned Value Management (EVM) and (2) an Action Table. EVM is a metric that is used to analyze cost and progress, and the Action Table is a method to select appropriate actions in accordance with condition. Simulation results show that the proposed framework can adjust the trade-off more effectively than conventional frameworks by selecting and changing the most suitable actions.


The next step in civil service reform is an administrative agency with power over work relations, conditions and environment. The civil service commission is to have the full function of employment management.


: Forecasting of global solar radiation is essential for a design of any solar system, especially for photovoltaic applications. Neural network is the most popular model used for estimating solar radiation due to its nonlinear nature that matches well with the nonlinear prediction of solar radiation. The photovoltaic module output directly depends on both module surface solar radiation and temperature. So, these two parameters can be used in predicting the incident global solar radiation using neural networks. This paper introduces a simple and accurate neural network for estimating instantaneous global solar radiation based photovoltaic module maximum power and surface temperature for Egyptian climates. The proposed neural network consists of three layers (input, output and hidden layers). The input layer has two inputs (photovoltaic module maximum power and surface temperature), the hidden layer has five neurons, while the output layer has only one neuron that estimates the global solar radiation. The results showed that the correlation coefficient for estimating the global solar radiation with the proposed neural network reached more than 97% related to the measured values.


Objective To study the correlation between serum levels of homocysteine(Hcy) and essential hypertension(EH) and risk factors.Methods A total of 140 cases of patients with EH were selected as an observation group and 112 healthy persons as a control group.The serum levels of Hcy were measured,and the correlation between Hcy levels and EH was evaluated.Results The average serum level of Hcy in EH patients was significantly higher than that in the healthy persons(P0.01),and the higher the blood pressure,the higher the serum Hcy concentration.Conclusions Serum Hcy may be a risk factor of EH,and the measurement of serum Hcy level may have important clinical significance on the prevention and treatment monitoring of EH.


Disclosed is a hybrid SDN switch utilizing a dynamic migration technology, relating to an SDN switch technology. The hybrid SDN switch mainly comprises switch hardware, a Linux operating system, a switching chip SDK, a traditional switching protocol module and an SDN module, wherein the switch hardware is traditional switch hardware, the traditional switching protocol module and the SDN module form a switch software level, and the SDN module comprises two parts, namely, an OpenFlow module and an SDN controller; a virtual machine is started in the switch, and the SDN controller is operated in the virtual machine; and the SDN controller can be dynamically migrated into a server along with the virtual machine according to requirements. According to the present invention, the resources and the computing capability of a processor in a switch are sufficiently utilized; therefore, the function flexibility of the switch can be greatly improved, and the high availability of an SDN switch can be ensured.


A new species of a chlorarachniophyte alga, Bigelowiella longifila sp. nov., is described. It is classified as a member of Bigelowiella as flagellate cells constitute the main stage of the life cycle. However, this alga is different from the only described species of the genus, B. natans Moestrup, in having a unique amoeboid stage in the life cycle. We observed an interesting behavior of amoeboid daughter cells after cell division: One of the two daughter cells inherits the long filopodium of the parental cell, and it subsequently transports its cell contents through the filopodium to develop at its opposite end. The other daughter cell forms a new filopodium. This unequal behavior of daughter cells may have evolved before the chlorarachniophytes and some colorless cercozoans diverged.


Introduction - Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is effective against certain leukemias and lymphomas and shows promise for other incurable malignancies. Considerable challenges remain however to expand this platform technology beyond transplant-oriented hospital care. Centralized manufacturing of genetically modified T cells, lymphodepleting chemotherapy and patient management of current CAR-T therapies are associated with significant costs and treatment complexity. As a first step to reduce this treatment complexity, the present study describes a high throughput combinatorial domain library screening method to identify synthetic lymphoproliferative elements capable of driving in vivo expansion and survival of CAR-T cells in a lymphoreplete host without the homeostatic proliferation signals generated by lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Methods - High-diversity semi-rationally-designed combinatorial libraries of putative lymphoproliferative protein subdomains were DNA barcoded and assembled into a lentiviral vector co-expressing a ROR2-targeted CAR. Human PBMC were transduced with the library and cultured in vitro for several days. Purified cells were injected into mice bearing xenograft tumors modified to express the ROR2 antigen and compared to unmodified xenograft controls. The expansion rate of integrated cells was monitored weekly by quantitative PCR and, after 21 days of exposure, genomic DNA was isolated from blood, spleen and xenograft tumor tissues. Enriched barcodes were amplified using PCR and amplicons were subjected to HiSeq Next-Generation Sequencing. Barcode decoding was achieved using PacBio long read sequencing analysis to align full-length construct sequences with barcode quantitation. Results - Using this approach, putative CAR-T cell driver candidates and common key protein subdomains were identified that support selective in vivo expansion and survival of human lymphocytes in a tumor-bearing mouse model. Conclusion - Taken together, these results demonstrate that a high throughput combinatorial screening strategy with quantitative bioinformatics is a viable method for identifying protein domain combinations capable of selectively driving human CAR-T cells in vivo. These small synthetic combinatorial protein domains may facilitate lymphodepleting chemotherapy-free regimens and lower CAR-T cell doses in the future. Citation Format: Laurence Jadin, Hiba Shaban, Anirban Kundu, Gregory Schreiber, Scooter Willis, Farzad Haerizadeh, James Onuffer, Gregory Frost. A high-throughput screening strategy for the identification of novel lymphoproliferative elements [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3523.


Background/Aim: To assess the quantity and quality of systematic reviews of in vitro cancer studies. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Knowledge and PROSPERO databases were searched. Articles described as systematic reviews of in vitro studies, focused on or relevant to cancer and published in English were selected and appraised using an adapted version of AMSTAR 2 'critical domains'. Results: From 4,021 records, 41 reviews described as systematic and cancer-related were identified. Publication dates indicate increasing frequency of systematic review conduct. Mean number of databases searched was three (range=1-8). Thirty-six reviews (88%) reported search methods, 35 (85%) specified inclusion criteria, 26 (63%) reported study selection methods, and 21 (51%) used reporting guidelines. Only 13 reviews (32%) involved formal quality assessment. Conclusion: Detailed investigation of reviews of cancer-relevant in vitro studies indicates need for further development and use of robust search strategies, appropriate quality assessment tools, and researchers with relevant skills.


Adolescence is viewed from an existential point of view. Incorporating contributions from developmental approaches, the author looks at the development of abstract thought in the adolescent and examines the focus of the adolescent's abstract thinking capabilities on the conditions of existence and the conflicts born of them. The author provides an existential paradigm that presents adolescent behavior as the manifestation of the adolescent's defense mechanisms developed in response to conflict arising from experiencing the fundamental concerns of existence that all individuals must face. Specific existential concerns dealt with include dread of death, confusion of indecision, hopeless-ness of meaninglessness, and despair of isolation.


Cubism is an extremely important turning point in the history of art. Picasso, as an important representative of Cubism, broke the shackle of traditional painting methods to artists and opened up a precedent of Cubism. Based on the understanding of Cubism, this paper takes Picasso's paintings in Cubism period as the starting point, and then analyzes the expression and influence of Picasso's paintings in Cubism period by combining the analysis and research of his specific paintings.


Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drive is being gradually used in industrial applications, including electric vehicles (EVs), due to several advantages over conventional motors. However, the nonlinear magnetic characteristics of the motor make its controller very complicated. This paper presents a simplified procedure to obtain the optimal switching angles under hysteresis current control SRM drive over a wide range of speeds. A multi-objective optimization technique is applied to determine the optimal switch on and switch off angles that achieve the optimum combination of maximum average torque with minimum torque ripple and copper loss. A searching algorithm is developed for each operating point to define the maximum average torque and the minimum torque ripple and copper losses, as they vary for different currents and motor speeds. Then the optimal values of switching angles are stored in the lookup tables to build a MATLAB model of the SRM drive system. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented to show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed controller.


Adsorbed thiosulfates may be effectively eliminated from films by the use of salt solutions. The salts may be employed in the wash water, as when washing with sea water, or as a separate bath previous to washing. The rate of elimination is largely controlled by the anion, and monovalent anions such as acetate and chloride are less effective than polyvalent anions such as sulfate, sulfite, phosphate and citrate. — These principles are incorporated in the Kodak Hypo Clearing Agent (K.H.C.A.). The effectiveness of this bath is most striking with films fixed in strongly hardening alum fixing baths and washed in cold water. Under these conditions, it is not unusual for the hypo to be reduced to 1% of that left by washing alone for equal periods. The results obtained when this product is applied to machine, spray, and rewind processing of motion-picture films, microfilms and aerial films are described. In general, savings are effected in both the time required and the water consumed, while very low levels of residual hypo are attained.


Dental amalgam restorations have been controversial for over 150 years. In Part I of this Critical Appraisal, the clinical efficacy of dental amalgam was updated. Here in Part II, the biological effects of dental amalgam are addressed.


In this study theeffect ofdrought stress was investigated on grain yield and oil rate and protein percentage of four varieties of castor in the climatic conditions of Damghan. The experiment was done in the research farm of Damghan Islamic Azad University(Iran)in 2011 assplit plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots of drought stress were 5, 10 and15 days and another factor included four varities of castor ( one-flower, two- flower, local and red-flower) which were performed in stable density of fivebushes per cultured square meter. Therefore, after gremination, the amount of irrigation water was recorded using volumetric meters. The traits evaluated included oil rate,seed protein percentage, andgrainyield. The results show that two-flower variety with 1241 kg per hectare on 5-day drought stress has the most grain yield. Most oil rate was observed in two-flower variety on 5 day drought stress with 496.4 kg/ha.


The life cycle of hyperploid S3 HeLa cells, irradiated with sublethal doses of x rays, was studied. A reversible mitotic lag was readily demonstrated at doses of 34 to 135 rads, prcduced by a block localized in the G2, pre-mitotic period. Visible chromosomal aberrations were produced in a majority of the cell population at these doses. It was proposed that this reversible mitotic lag, like irreversible reproductive death, is due to chromosomal damage and that the reversible lag may reflect interference with chromosomal condensation just prior to and perhaps in the early parts of the mitosis. (auth)


The laboratory continuous air dense medium fluidised bed separator was tested on the high ash coal of Genesee Mine and has proven to be an effective method for coal dry cleaning. The results show that we can get a yield of 80% with an ash content of 10%, which is a good achievement from the feed coal that generally has an ash content of 26%. The effect of air velocity, bed height, and time of fluidisation and comparison of different media were studied. The design of the continuous batch mode apparatus requires modification, so that better flow at the bottom end can be achieved. This will allow the higher specific gravity coal particles to move towards the discharge side.


Introduction During the Indonesian-French Karubar cruise to eastern Indonesia a new scallop was found near the Kai Islands, which was provisionally identified by Dijkstra & Kastoro(1997: 279, figs 156-159), based on a few dead specimens from the upper bathyal depths. Subsequently, more material was collected by the French Musorstom 9 cruise to the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), sufficient to describe it herein. All specimens (empty shells) were deposited in MNHN, with voucher specimens in the private pectinoid reference collection of the author.


This article examines the Sonoran governorship of Jose Maria Maytorena during the maderista period of the Revolution. Further, it attempts to shed light on the issue of whether the Maytorena governorship was a popular social revolution, an instance of elite replacement of Porfirian office holders, or an attempt to implement "progressive" principles such as other northern  governors, Francisco I. Madero, and Francisco Leon de la Barra attempted to do. Because  Maytorena  and  his collaborators supported demobilization of the popular rebels, proposed little or no labor reform, and advocated against redistributing land to the Yaquis, the article concludes that Maytorena does not deserve the label of progressive reformer, but instead was the most conservative of all the northern governors during this period.


PURPOSE: A schedule inputting and searching method in a mobile information terminal is provided to easily input a content of a repeated schedule and reduce the amount of a memory to be used by classifying schedule data into one-time general data and repetitive data and separately managing a start point and end point, repetition cycle and repetition time and content of the repetitive data. CONSTITUTION: A controller checks whether there is a key input to select a mode for schedule inputting(200). If there is a key input, the controller receives schedule data(210). The controller inquires of a user as to whether the inputted schedule data are repetitive(220). If there is a response that the schedule data are repetitive from the user, the controller receives the repetitive pattern(230). The repetitive pattern includes a repetition cycle, a repetition start point, a repetition end point, a repetition type and a repetition content. The controller inquires of the user as to whether the inputting has been completed(240). If the user depresses a key informing that he or she completes inputting, the controller stores the received schedule data in a memory(250).


This paper summarizes the results of model footing load tests on soft Calcarenite rock. To perform the experiments, a new testing device was specifically designed, and its conception and features are described in details. The centered loading tests exhibited the typical bilinear shape of the load-settlement curve since a marked change of stiffness occurs as a consequence of collapse of the lightly cemented sand structure. These tests reveal that the failure mechanism is punching shear, and it is bounded in a small region beneath the loaded area. Further tests investigated the influence of the displacement rate and footing size effect, together with tests that show a moisture-induced loss of strength. The eccentric loading tests point out the role played by the interacting external loads, and the coupling between vertical displacement and footing rotation. The overall tests allow the interaction diagram of the soil-foundation system to be derived.


Decisions are often made under limited information in the real world. Although many approaches have been researched in the field of artificial intelligence, most of them rely on large amounts of data to make a knowledge base. This study presents an intelligent method to improve accuracy of knowledge derived from limited data in the early stages of a system. This method first proposes a concept of transforming crisp data into continuous to gain new virtual examples. Fuzzy theory and fuzzy neural network technology are applied. A data domain external expansion approach is introduced in the proposed method. Furthermore, three cases applying the proposed method are presented. The results indicate that the proposed method can indeed improve the accuracy of the system knowledge.


Fruits are important resources for autumn migrating passerines and we show that site-related patterns in the physiology of two species, as measured by plasma metabolite profiling, are associated with local variation in fruit availability and biochemical composition. Results suggest potentially important physiological consequences of both fruit abundance and their nutritional quality for refueling birds at critical stopover sites.


Although more people are killed on the roads every month than died in the World Trade Center attack in 2001, Americans can't seem to muster much outrage about the death rate from motor vehicle crashes. Language: en


This paper formulates a global eco-driving optimal control of bus transit with considering the platform delay to advise the optimal driving speed and minimizing the volume of pollutant of vehicle emissions, such as NOx, HC, and CO2. The traffic signal timings and waiting passengers at bus stations can be obtained through the communication between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I). Hybrid vehicle dynamic model and dwell time model are proposed to describe trajectories of the bus transit and delay caused by passengers get on and off at each station, respectively. Considering the numbers of passengers at each platform are uncertainty, introducing model predictive control which can updates the current numbers of passengers through V2I at the platform. The global optimal control model is solved with the model predictive control and sub-optimal branch and bound algorithm. An approximately eight-kilometer traffic network including six intersections and seven bus stations of Beijing Bus Line 52 in Chaoyang District, Beijing, is chosen to investigate the performance of the developed eco-driving approach.


We investigate the superconducting gap function of the topological superconductor ${\mathrm{PbTaSe}}_{2}$. The temperature, magnetic field, and three-dimensional (3D) field-angle dependences of the specific heat prove that the superconductivity of ${\mathrm{PbTaSe}}_{2}$ is fully gapped, with two isotropic $s$-wave gaps. The pair-breaking effect is probed by systematically increasing nonmagnetic disorders through ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ irradiation. The superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ is found to be robust against disorders, which suggests that the pairing should be sign preserved rather than sign reversed.


Fibrin, in marked contrast to the other proteins of the blood, varies widely in amount. Persons may differ as to the fibrin content of their blood, but for the same person in health the amount is always essentially the same. On the other hand, in disease, according to the nature of the morbid process, fibrin values vary to a marked degree. This very labile blood protein is found only in the plasma—not in the cells. Its source has been variously stated by investigators to be the intestinal wall, the bone marrow, or the liver. Whipple has demonstrated in animals that the production of fibrin is stimulated by slight liver injury, while it is depressed by extensive injury. He has reason to believe that this protein is being constantly used up in the body, and his experiments point to the liver as the sole source of supply. One is tempted, therefore,


Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to a system and method for object and isocenter alignment in an imaging system. The system includes an electromagnetic, an electromagnetic receiver, and an imaging unit for determining an isocenter of an imaging scanner based on information from the electromagnetic receiver. The imaging unit identifies the isocenter based on a plurality of electromagnetic position measurements. The imaging unit identifies a center of an object to be imaged based on information from a second electromagnetic receiver. The imaging unit repositions the object based on the isocenter. In an embodiment, the emitter is located on the object, the first receiver is located on a detector, and the second receiver is located on a tool for identifying a center of the object or a portion of the object.


The article aspires to provide a short review of the particular crucial periods of economic development of the Slovak part within the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. A short in-depth analysis takes into consideration all those decisive factors such as social, political, and economic, the interconnection of which impacted territorial industrial and agriculture progress from the Theresian reforms through the oncoming periods up to the beginning of the 19th century. Thanks to the involvement of relevant qualitative and quantitative data, the research is supposed to highlight prime causes, landmarks that significantly contributed to political and economic transformation of this region thus changing its geopolitical role, status and influence, plus which, at the same time, helped the Monarchy play a more important part within Central European region of that time.


In the present work, synthesis and characterization of a Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/Zinc Oxide (ZnO)-based composite in proposed. The Egg-shell (ES) is used as Hydroxyapatite source. We pretend to take advantage of photocatalytic activity of both materials. This composite can be applied in mineralization of organic dyes in waste water. The methodology followed for the preparation of the composite was carry out a Sol-gel of precursor ZnO synthesis, after, it was mixed with the previously synthesized Hydroxyapatite and calcinated at 650 °C. Later, all materials were characterized using of Raman Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), to determine the crystalline phases present; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to obtain the morphology; Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) to determine elemental composition. It was possible to synthesize a HAp/ZnO composite, the characterization showed that it was obtained a composite with carbonated hydroxyapatite Type B. It is important to highlight that the method of composite synthesis, it was not a homogeneous synthesis, it is proposed to look for another impregnation method.


ABSTRACT A new fossil teiid lizard from the Upper Cretaceous Marshalltown Formation (Campanian) of Monmouth County, New Jersey is described as Prototeius stageri, gen. et sp. nov. Based on the holotypic dentary and referred specimens, the genus is diagnosed by a strongly differentiated heterodont dentition, five premaxillary teeth, paired frontals with well developed crista cranii, and a broad, low sagittal crest on the parietal. Prototeius appears most closely related to Chamops segnis and Leptochamops denticulatus from the Late Cretaceous of western North America. In a preliminary phylogenetic revision of the Teiidae, Chamops is removed from the Tupinambinae, and Leptochamops and Meniscognathus are removed from the Teiinae. These genera are placed together into a new subfamily, Chamopsiinae, defined as Chamops, Prototeius, Leptochamops, Meniscognathus, their most recent common ancestor and its descendants. The revised phylogeny does not support the placement of Chamops within the Tupinambinae or Leptoch...


Fuel loads in forest areas are dependent on vegetation type and the time since the last fire. This paper reports a study on the feasibility of using remotely sensed data to estimate vegetative fuel loads. It describes two methods for estimating fuel loads using Landsat TM data based on equations describing litter accumulation and decomposition. The first method uses classification techniques to predict vegetation types coupled with fire history data to derive current fuel loads. The second method applies a canopy turnover rate to estimate litterfall and subsequently accumulated litter from biomass, thus utilising the dominant influence of canopy on remotely sensed data. Both methods are compared with data collected from Popran National Park in coastal New South Wales. The amounts of litter calculated with the biomass method were similar to field results, but the classification method was found to overestimate fuel loads. A sensitivity analysis investigated the impact of varying the vegetation constants and rates used in the fuel estimates to simulate uncertainty or error in their values. The biomass method was less subject to uncertainties and has potential for estimating fuel quantities to provide useful spatial information for fire managers.


The computation of k-lower envelope is a classical problem and has been very well studied for main memory non-indexed data. In this paper, we study the problem from the database perspective and present the first algorithm which utilizes the presence of the index and achieves access optimality, i.e., it accesses a node of the index only if the correctness of the results cannot be guaranteed without accessing this node. We also demonstrate the applications of k-lower envelope in ranking systems. Let an object be called valuable if it is one of the top-k objects according to at least one linear scoring function. In this paper, we answer the following important questions that may be asked by different users: 1) I am not sure what scoring function I should use, therefore, return me the set of valuable objects so that I can select an object I like the most; 2) How can I modify the attributes (e.g., price) of my product such that it becomes a valuable object; 3) What are the preference functions for which a given object is among the top-k objects. These three questions are formalized and called k-snippet, k-depth contour and reverse top-k query, respectively. We propose a unified framework to solve these queries by utilizing k-lower envelope as a common foundation. Our main algorithm is access optimal for k-snippet and k-lower envelope computation. We also demonstrate its access optimality for the k-depth contour problem when k is smaller than the minimum number of objects in any leaf node of the index structure. Our algorithms outperform state-of-the-art algorithms by more than an order of magnitude in terms of both CPU and I/O cost.