Fourth Grade Factory An Integrated, Collaboratiue Unit in Manufacturing and Economics Make It, Take It OVERVIEW This is a unit for fourth grade and high school that includes elements of careers, economics and free enterprise for fourth graders, and elementG of problem solving and design, manufacturing, drafting and woodworking for high school students. These elements are taught at respective buildings. The culminating activity for both sets of students is the actual factory run. The fourth grade students are invited to the high school for a morning and become factory workers. They start out with a stack of lumber and parts. They do the sawing, drilling, sanding, finishing, assembly, inspection, and packaging. In two hours they have produced 50 products; enough that each student may have one for themselves and enough extra for principals, board members, etc. The high school students do the instructing and supervision of the fourth graders at the individual work stations. The operations are kept very simple. The work stations are engineered specifically for safe use by a ten year old, although we've done it with second grade students and fifth grade students. Any operations that are too difficult or dangerous are simplified, eliminated or done before hand by high school students. Tile project is different each year. We have done an abacus, toy frog, tic tac toe box, bird feeder, whistle, coat rack-mirror, gumball machine, jelly bean machine, gumball bank, race car, kaleidoscope, top, basketball flipper, and labyrinth. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL The students at the fourth grade study topics and terms: capital, financing, free enterprise, stocks, corporation, raw materials, scrap, waste, energy, prototype, manufacturing, management, labor, training, expenses, sales and marketing, competition, mass production, liability, consumerism, division of labor, profit, loss, and dividends, etc. We hope that the students will begin to understand themselves in relationship to careers to understand what they like or don't like; that both boys and girls can do the same jobs; that it takes lots of cooperation to make a product and that by dividing up the work they can be more productive than individuals working alone. Safety is important. We hope they will also begin to understand why their parents are tired at the end of their day. The unit may be integrated with other fourth grade units easily. Music classes can focus on work songs; math skills are sharpened by figuring costs or amount of materials needed; the health and hygiene of workers can be studied, sequencing the operations and thank-you notes are used as activities in language arts, the ecology of the product or manufacturing process relate to science and social studies. HIGH SCHOOL At the high school level, the design process begins in September by learning to brainstorm. Project ideas are sketched, considered and condensed from hundreds tc' a score. Sample projects are brought in by the students to study and they begin to problem solve for production. Crude prototypes are made. The best ideas are kept and project selection is further condensed to two or three ideas. A second generation prototype is made. Problem solving is done to simplify design and operation, safety and low cost. Final project selection is made and a good working model is fabricated. A complete set of drawings for the product is made, including renderings and assembly drawings. The drawings must show all the information necessary to make the project. The tooling (jigs and fixtures) must then be designed and drawn. Safety and ease of operation are prime considerations. Computer Assisted Drafting (CAD) is used for some of the simple parts. A flow process chart showing how the different operations are sequenced is drawn. Cost analysis is determined after vendors are found. When this is completed in December, the drawings are sent to the woodworking students who fabricate the tooling. Once the tooling is done, a pilot (test) run is made. Adjustments are made and safety is checked. Two weeks before the production in the spring, invitations generated on the computer are sent to each fourth grade room to invite the classes to participate. FACTORY PRODUCTION About a week before the productica run, there is an assembly of the fourth grade students. At the assembly, the high school teacher(s) involved are introduced, the project, sample tooling, drawings are displayed and there is a discussion of what to expect in the way of noise and activity when the students arrive at the high school. On the day of production, the high school students are assigned a work station to supervise. They are already partly familiar with the work station because they helped design or build the tooling. They are given last minute instruction and practice at the work station. Computers have been used to gmerate technical drawings, name tags, banners, lists, work station signs, decorations, instructions, etc. When the fourth graders arrive, there is a demonstration of how the materials flow through the work stations showing various operations being performed to complete the projects. Next, the students are assigned to a work station and produce enough parts for the day's quota. As jobs are completed, students are reassigned to new work and/or clean up. Inspection occurs at every work station. Protective and safety gear are used. There are always tooling and production problems that occur during the production run. These are dealt with as they occur by the high school students and/or teachers. At the end of the production, the fourth grade students are de-briefed. We talk about what was fun, difficult, dirty, dangerous, etc. What jobs might be better handled by a robot? Would it have been better to have each student make their own instead of having a division of labor? Why? What happened when a mistake was made? The elementary school students are encouraged to continue this activity by enrolling in technology classes five years from now when they enroll at the high school. February 1995 4 Clifford Bliss, Bob Giles Tailmadge High School 484 East Ruenue Tallmadge, Oh.o 44278 (216) 633-5505 faH (216) 633-5331 firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com FOURTH GRADE FACTORY IMPACT These are some of the objectives we intend to accomplish in the Fourth Grade Factory. Items marked with "*" indicate that that objectives has impact for both levels of students. Intended impact for high school students: *Define and use terms related to the drafting, manufacturing and economic industry *Demonstrate drafting as a communication skill Translate a product idea into a technical drawing and parts list *Understand the technical process of manufacturing and production *Understand how manufacturing reflects societal needs and wants *Develop an awareness of skills needed to read prints and make drawings to acquire a job *To be aware of the students own talents, and tastes as they relate to work both positively and negatively *To be aware of how manufacturing in a technological society influences their own lives and the community in which they live *To develop skills toward building working relationships with those he/ she works with To develop drafting skills as related to equipment, materials, tools, and practices To develop skills in making working drawings, parts lists and cost estimates To develop skills at making reproductions of drawings *To represent and interpret various data into charts, graphs, and diagrams To express tolerances and precision on drawings *Understand principles of jig and fixture design Knowledge of various methods of manufacture using the best suited materials for the job Formulate and appreciation for new, unique, and innovative design and materials Develop an attitude of respect, care, and professionalism toward drafting tools and equipment and processes Use and appreciate the differences among paper, vellum and mylar Appreciate differences among the various drafting methods Value the variety of methods in the reproduction of drawings Appreciate how improved drafting techniques have improved lifestyles Students do comparative shopping to determine best buys for materials and tools Appreciate the difficulty and rewards of being a teacher as they supervise and teach the younger students *Safety in the work place Intended impact for elementary school students Develop an appreciation for work with their hands Appreciate how much more productive people can be done by lrganizing their efforts Understand how shortages and surpluses of raw materials can ;.ause big problems in the production Understand how their labor adds value to raw materials Understand that all work or jobs have value Appreciate that hygiene (personal and work place) is important Experience the excitement of using an item they made themselves No jobs are "boy" jobs or "girl" jobs-sex plays no roles these days People with handicaps can be just as valuable workers as non-handicapped people Ability to read simple assembly drawings Appreciate quality workmanship by keeping rejects to a minimum Appreciate advantages and disadvantages of power equipment as opposed to manual tools Exposes the elementary student to the high school setting Appreciate the large volume of work necessary in advance to make mass produced products Production line work is often tedious Robotics can do work that is dangerous or boring Absenteeism costs production and profit February, 1995 Clifford Bliss, Bob Giles Tallmadge High School 484 East Avenue Tallmadge, Ohio 44278 (216) 633-5505 fax (216) 633-5331 tal firstname.lastname@example.com u firstname.lastname@example.com


By the experiment on quartz sand filter, the effect and mechanism of phenol removal were studied. A related mathematical model was presented and demonstrated by a project case. The results showed that the model described objectively the phenol removal pattern in the quartz sand filter and in the aquifer, and could be used to predict the phenol concentration in the design of water well which was made up by river water polluted by trace amount of phenol.


Water-soluble, catalytic region of glycosyltransferase B(GTFB/CAT) with good bioactivity, was obtained from Streptococcus mutans UA159(Ingbritt c). The primers were designed based on the conservative sequences of GTFB gene in S. mutans UA159(Ingbritt c), as listed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database and the sequences at the ends of GTFB/CAT. The GTFB/CAT gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from S. mutans UA159(Ingbritt c) and then cloned into vector p ET-28b(+) to construct the recombinant p ET-28b(+)-GTFB/CAT, which was then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21. Optimal induction conditions were as follows: temperature at 37 ℃ or 30 ℃; time for 4 h; 1 mmol/L of IPTG for induction. The product was purified by Ni2+-NAT resin-affinity chromatography and insoluble inclusion body GTFB/CAT was obtained. Subsequent denaturing and refolding produced the water-soluble protein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a clear band at 44 ku, which is consistent with the expected molecular weight, and the purity of protein was approximately 80%. The specific activity of the protein was found to be 1.66 IU/mg by the Somogyi method. The results indicated that water-soluble proteins with biological activity were obtained through the expression of cloned GTFB/CAT gene in Escherichia coli BL21. This will lay a basis on further study of GTF antagonists and their effect as well as mechanism of action in prevention of dental caries.


Abstract : Multiple-beam klystrons (MBKs) are a class of vacuum electronic amplifiers, in which the kinetic energy of axially streaming electron beams is converted to electromagnetic energy through the interaction of the beams with a series of resonant microwave cavities. With their potential to efficiently produce coherent, broadband, high-power microwave radiation in a compact package, MBKs are a promising device technology to provide the low-noise transmitter performance required by shipboard radar systems to operate in high-clutter environments (e.g., littoral zones) and to keep pace with evolving antiship cruise missile (ASCM) and tactical ballistic missile (TBM) threats. Nondefense applications of this technology include civilian radar, communications, and accelerators for high-energy physics. As the name implies, MBKs make use of multiple electron beamlets, each of which propagates in a separate, parallel beam tunnel, but interact with electric fields in common regions such as cavity gaps. In this manner, the perveance of the individual beamlets can be low, facilitating stable-beam propagation and efficient beam-wave interaction without the adverse space-charge effects that could debunch the beam, while the total beam current can be high, facilitating high-power and broad-bandwidth operation. In addition, MBKs possess a number of advantages over conventional single-beam klystrons of comparable power, including reduced operating voltages (typically 50% to 80%) which leads to shorter circuit lengths (typically 30% to 60%) and significantly lower weight. Furthermore, MBKs possess the low phase noise performance that is desirable for radar and communication applications.


Colonel W. A. D. DRUMMOND, O.B.E., F.R.C.S. Of the Oto-laryngological Department, Th e Qlleen Alexal1dra Military H ospital • [Received Jalluary 31, 1949) J. n., a youth aged [9 years, was refer red to the Oto-Iaryngological Serv ice on account of halitos is. No other symptom s were complained of nud there was no history of tonsilliti s or quinsy. There had been no opcnltions performed on the ade noids or tonsils. Olo-llIrYllgoiogical EXllminatimt.Nose: A poor airway due to septal deviation. Mouth: dental h ygiene good. Nasopharynx: nil of note. Pharynx: hoth tonsils afe enlarged. From the upper and posterior aspect of !Jhe right tonsi l a lobulated mass which lirises from a broad base projectli backwards and inwards behind the soft palate and uvLlfa . In appearance it resembles tonsillar tisi"uC but is paler in colour. From the crypts of both romiis fOIlI.Huelling debris can be expressed. The pilbrs of the fauccs are normaL Larynx and pyr iform fos~ show no ahnonnality. Cervical lymph nodes: the jugulo·digastric nodes al·C cn larged on both sides. On March 8, 1948, under general ana::sthesia, the tonsils were dissected out with no difficulty . It was noted th i.1l the right tonsillar bed was more va6cular than the lC£t.


We demonstrated an environmentally friendly and efficient route for the preparation of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide composite with a one-step hydrothermal method using glucose as the reducing agent. The reducing process was accompanied by generation of TiO2 nanoparticles. The structure and composition of the nanocomposite has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis and atomic force microscopy. The TiO2-coated RGO nanocomposite was shown to improve the photocatalytic property of TiO2, which would be promising for practical applications in future nanotechnology.


This study highlights the emergence of lifelong learning as the main strategy in the education and training policy of the European Union (EU). The EU's 'Memorandum on lifelong learning' (indexed at TD/IRD 88.400) states that lifelong learning must become the guiding principle for provision and participation across the 'full continuum of learning contexts'. The study focuses on vocational education and training (VET) as an important facet of this continuum and investigates the role of VET in promoting lifelong learning in England and Germany. Based on the assumption that education and training systems have to address similar core issues in the context of lifelong learning, the six Key Messages (KMs) of the EU's 'Memorandum on lifelong learning', which reflect such core issues, are used as the analytical framework of the study. They are: (1) new basic skills for all; (2) more investment in human resources; (3) innovation in teaching and learning; (4) valuing learning; (5) rethinking guidance and counselling; and (6) bringing learning closer to home. The study examines the emergence of lifelong learning as the central strategy of the EU's education and training policy, tracing its development up to the present day, and focusing on EU policy after the mid-1990s and the current EU concept of lifelong learning and its objectives. It then describes the main patterns of VET in Germany and England using the concept of qualification styles, focusing on initial training but taking into account the whole system. This is followed by an examination of the role of VET in promoting lifelong learning in the two countries, using the six KMs as the analytical framework. The summary reveals that the approaches for promoting lifelong learning as well as perceptions of lifelong learning differ between the two countries. The author locates these findings within the wider context of EU education and training policy, critically examines the EU policy on lifelong learning, and highlights further questions for research. Appendices provide additional information to illustrate specific aspects of some issues.


Fernandes was commissioned by curator Sofia Hedman and artistic director Karolina Kling to photograph still life images of original spectacles and sunglasses created by specially commissioned artists, designers and craftsmen from Europe and Japan. The photographs appeared within an online PDF catalogue of the aforementioned exhibition. The catalogue, edited by fashion curator, researcher and archivist Gemma A. Williams, presented essays, conversations and reflections from leading theorists, artists, researchers and curators.


OBJECTIVE To explore the antidepressant actions of the ethanolic extracts of the roots of Morinda officinalis How.METHODS The forced swimming tests in mice and rats and differential reinforcement of low rate 72 second schedule (DRL 72 s) in rats were used.RESULTS Similar to desipramine,the extracts produced significant reducation in the immobility periods in the forced swimming tests in mice and rats and elicited significant increases in reinforcers in DRL 72 s in rats.CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the extracts possesse antidepressant activity.


Objective
To provide the anatomical information for auricle replantation.

Methods
From March, 2016 to March, 2019, a total of 25 fresh adult cadaveric head were used, 20 of these specimens were perfused with plastic and eroded to be vascular cast mold, 5 specimens perfused with red latex for anatomy, then observed the origin, course, diameter and arteries anastomose between branches of the posterior auricular artery (PAA) and superficial temporal artery (STA).

Results
The main blood supply to the auricle were auricle branches of PAA and STA. The auricle branches of PAA and STA both divided into superior, intermedius and inferior branches, and distributed in the auricle posterior surface and anterior surface, respectively. The auricle branches of PAA running across ear cartilage, distributed in the anterior surface, and anastomosed with auricle branches of STA. The diameters of these branches at the initiating portion were 0.2-0.8 mm. Eighty percent of blood supply to earlobe was from the inferior branches of PAA, and 20% from the STA.

Conclusion
The auricle branches of PAA played an important role to the auricle replantation. The auricle branches of PAA should be the firstly selected vessle in operation, and the auricle branches of STA be the second choice.

Key words:
Posterior auricular artery; Superficial temporal artery; Auricle replantation; Microscopic anatomy


Occupational therapists exploring international opportunities should understand how the profession is practiced globally. This paper describes the framework under which occupational therapy services can be accessed by families of children with disabilities in urban India. Background information about the country, its health care, and occupational therapy education and practice is presented in brief. To provide the context for school-based services, government and private initiatives addressing general education and special education are described. Currently few therapists are working in schools. Insights regarding facilitating the expansion of occupational therapy in early intervention and schools in India and other countries are presented.


This paper describes the role of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). It aims to demonstrate how its inspectors are likely to come into contact with public health professionals. Particular emphasis is given to the internal and external roles of HSE's medical and nursing specialist occupational health professionals. The scope of the HSE's authority, its internal structure, professional staff numbers, and the legal powers of HSE inspectors are explained. The general principles of the United Kingdom's legal approach to health and safety at work are also described. Real life examples of joint work between HSE and various public health practitioners are given and future issues of mutual concern are identified.


The extrapolation of small-cluster exact-diagonalization calculations and the Monte-Carlo method is used to study the spin-one-half Falicov-Kimball model extended by the spin-dependent Coulomb interaction (J) between the localized f and itinerant d electrons as well as the on-site Coulomb interaction (Uff) between the localized f electrons. It is shown that in the symmetric case, when the chemical potential p equals to U (where U is the spin-independent on-site Coulomb interaction between the f and d electrons) the ground-state phase diagram of the model has an extremely simple structure that consists of only two phases, and namely, the charge-density-wave phase (with local f-electron pairs on one of two sublattices of a bipartite lattice) and the spin-densitywave phase. The nonzero temperature studies of the speci_c heat showed that these phases persist also at _nite temperatures. The critical temperature Tc for a transition from the low-temperature ordered phases to the high-temperature disordered one is calculated numerically for various values of J and Uff.


We study the real transparency of FWM in SOAs to modulation formats involving phase/amplitude and polarization. 40 Gb/s (NRZ-OOK and NRZ-DPSK) and 80 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed signals are wavelength-converted employing two different polarization-independent schemes. Critical issues are found.


DNA microspheres formed by self-assembly of DNA three-way junctions with self-complementary sticky-ends undergo an unexpected dynamic transformation from filled spheres into hollow capsules upon addition of cationic surfactants such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.


The synthesis of nanomaterials with control over size, shape and chemical composition continues to be a major challenge in nanoscience. The requirements of nanomaterial synthesis are becoming more sophisticated and, in addition to anisotropic structures, there is much excitement surrounding the development of recipes for the synthesis of core–shell and hollow nanostructures. Much of the motivation for research in this direction stems from the unusual optoelectronic and chemical properties exhibited by such nanostructures. In this article, we review the work from this laboratory on the synthesis of flat gold nanostructures at the air–water interface, either by confining the reductant or the precursor metal ions to the air–water interface. We also describe the synthesis of phase-pure core–shell nanoparticles by immobilizing UV- and pH-dependent reducing agents on the surface of the core nanoparticles as well as the synthesis of organically soluble hollow-shell nanostructures via transmetallation reactions.


The high frequency transient recovery voltage caused by usually switching operation of the circuit breakers, used on shunt reactor switching, have become a noticeable problem recently. For extension the service life time and normal operation of the circuit breakers, a well modified maintenance strategy is proposed. The field testing and experimental measurement showed the maintenance strategy proposed had been proved effectively and adopted in Taiwan Power Company.


A computational procedure for a type of robust pole placement problem is provided. The availability of the analytical first and second derivatives of the proposed cost function enables the problem to be reduced to an optimisation task, to which standard unconstrained minimisation routines based on Newton's method can be applied. A numerical example is used to illustrate the technique and comparisons to other existing methods are also made.


This paper presents an underactuated control law for regulating the speed of bipedal walking robots. This control achieves speed regulation while requiring 96% less actuator energy per step than previously reported, fully-actuated controls that achieve speed regulation by velocity scaling. Our control arises from shaping the kinetic energy of a bipedal robot with actuators at the ankles only. While any kinetic energy shape may be imposed on a fully actuated robot, we show that underactuation restricts the achievable forms of the kinetic energy to those that solve a particular nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE). The general method of Auckly et al. for solving this PDE is reviewed and specialized to the case of mechanical systems. We show that the original nonlinear PDE may be reduced to one algebraic equation and two linear PDEs that may be solved simultaneously to find the set of achievable closed-loop kinetic energy shapes. We apply this approach to the compass-gait bipedal robot in the case of actuation at the ankle alone and present a particular kinetic energy form that yields energy-efficient speed control.


Femoral neck fracture rates are on the rise with an estimated 500,000 occurring annually by 2040. Despite the mainstay of open reduction and internal fixation, nonunion rates of up to 33% have been reported for displaced femoral neck fractures. Recently, increasing attention has been focused upon the role of osteobiologics to stimulate fracture repair. This article looks at the role of these anabolic compounds and discusses their potential future roles in augmenting the treatment of this condition.


The lack of information in understanding the factors of donors' interest in donating to charitable institutions is the reason for the lack of optimization of the collection of donations. This study aims to determine the effect of age, income, education, generosity, financial security and religiosity on the interest in donating to LAZ Sahabat Mustahiq. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis methods and data collection by distributing questionnaires to 107 permanent donors, Friends of Mustahiq. The results of this study showed that the independent variables partially showed that interest donors donated at LAZ Sahabat Mustahiq were influenced by religiosity. That is because the majority of the population of Muslim Indonesia adheres to their religion. Factors of age, income, education, financial security, and generosity partially have no effect on interest in donating. While simultaneously all independent variables influence interest in donating. Keywords: Donation, Interest, Factors, Multiple Linear Regression.


Paul Helm is a Research Scientist with the Ontario Ministry of the Environment's Great Lakes Unit. His background and research interests include environmental fate of organic contaminants in the Great Lakes and the Arctic. Current research interests include urban contaminant inputs to the Great Lakes, applications of passive monitoring in nearshore Great Lakes waters, and investigating occurrence and inputs current-use organic pollutants. Paul has a B.Sc. from the University of Waterloo in Environmental Chemistry, and completed his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in the Chemical Engineering & Applied Science department at the University of Toronto, specializing Environmental Fate. Christine Mayer graduated from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign with a degree in Ecology, Ethology and Evolution. She then spent 2 years working as an aquaculture extension agent with the Peace Corps in Togo, West Africa where she helped farmers construct ponds and raise Tilapia for the local market. Shortly after returning from Africa, Christine began a MS degree at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign focusing on larval walleye foraging in Dave Wahl's lab at the Illinois Natural History Survey. Chris' next academic endeavor was for a PhD. at Cornell, working with Ed Mills and Lars Rudstam at the Cornell Biological Field Station studying the impact of Dreissena on Oneida Lake. She then taught Introductory Biology for one semester at the College of Charleston in South Carolina and then worked as a postdoctoral researcher with Ann Hershey at University of North Carolina-Greensboro. In 2000 Chris joined the Department of Biology at Syracuse University. She moved to the University of Toledo in 2003 where she is an Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences and the Lake Erie Center. Her research interests center on community and ecosystem ecology in aquatic systems, specifically understanding how organisms affect their environment and transfer energy and organicmaterial from their environment and across trophic levels. Her current research focuses on benthic community function and fish-habitat interactions. Christine currently mentors four graduate students, teaches introductory environmental science, aquatic ecology, and biostatistics. Journal of Great Lakes Research 36 (2010) 586


In this issue of the Journal, Wedderburn et al. describe their experience in the provision of a predictive testing service for neurodegenerative disorders. Following international guidelines, they describe their experience in a multidisciplinary clinic offering predictive testing for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington disease. These disorders develop in adulthood and are mostly incurable. The predictive testing determines if a person will develop a disease many years before they start to show symptoms. To ensure acquiring such knowledge is in the patient's best interest, international guidelines were developed when gene testing for Huntington disease became possible. These guidelines included a series of pretest supportive counselling interviews to protect the patient from finding out information that they could not cope with. This separated the process from diagnostic testing, where the patient was already symptomatic and the expectation of the patient having a disease was already subject of the doctor–patient relationship. This separation of the predictive testing from diagnostic testing resulted in many Australian laboratories refusing to process a DNA sample if it became obvious it was for a predictive test, unless the appropriate counselling accompanied it. In the early days of developing the international protocol, there was great concern about the risk of the patient committing suicide if the gene testing of the pathogenic gene showed they had the mutated gene. Such a finding indicates that the person would develop Huntington disease or another neurodegenerative disease in the future. The incurable nature of such diseases lead to the concern about suicide; but fortunately, presumably because of the counselling protocols, many clinics have found suicide to be a rare event. This was also found by Wedderburn et al., who found no recorded evidence of major psychological reactions or suicides in their 740 at-risk patients. They also detailed why patients withdrew from the counselling process at various stages. As the risk of suicide and severe psychological disturbance seemed much less than initially feared, many clinics have shortened the counselling process, although, most are able to provide in-depth counselling if required in special instances. The Huntington disease guidelines have been revised several times with the latest recommendations suggesting a less rigid approach as well as a more individualised approach. This is especially relevant for predictive testing for other genetic conditions. Such is the case for predictive testing for breast or bowel cancer where the counselling process may be only two or three visits depending on the needs of the individual. For adult onset conditions, the minimum age is usually set at 18 years of age, when the patient is judged to be an adult and can make their own decision. While it is very common for parents to demand genetic testing for their children for a variety of genetic conditions, the minimum age is usually set at 18 years. This is when the patient is judged to be an adult and capable of making an informed autonomous decision. A firmly established principle in genetic testing of children to wait until they are an adult. MacLeod et al. suggest that perhaps a more patientcentred approach be followed with adolescents who seek out predictive genetic testing themselves. For some specific conditions, the age limit does not apply when the disease has the potential to manifest in childhood or teenage years and preventative treatment is required. Such an example is familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), which is known to manifest in the teenage years. Predictive counselling and testing are usually offered in early teenage years so that appropriate screening regimens can be put in place and appropriate preventative action can be taken. Furthermore, for conditions such as FAP, if detected early, treatment has a greater chance of success. In cancer genetics specifically, genes are often variably penetrant and therefore even if a pathogenic gene is identified, there remains to be a level of uncertainty. For example, if a woman is found to be a carrier of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, her lifetime risk of developing a breast cancer becomes 50–80%. This does not suggest that she will definitely develop breast cancer; however, her risk is now much higher than that of a woman in the general population. This gives her a number of choices, such as regular examination and mammography or prophylactic mastectomy. It is important that patients consider, prior to undertaking predictive testing, how they might cope with the knowledge that they are in a high-risk category. Pretest counselling is invaluable to the process of predictive testing and helps to assist patients with making the decision about whether they will go ahead with predictive testing at a particular point in their life, and whether the test will provide them with information that they feel bs_bs_banner


The paper discusses about how to seamlessly combine Web technology with GIS to design and develop the geographical information system of the network in order to realize information resource-sharing of Web space.WebGIS system structure and implementation are also studied.


Frauds are as old as commercial practices. Examples are given which show that they may introduce a risk for human health and, in any case, are detrimental to the consumer and are a source of unfair trading. Analytical methods have undergone important developments in the course of the two last decades and, presently, they are capable of detecting nearly any type of adulteration. In particular, a challenge could be taken up : that of the discrimination of molecules with the same chemical formula and differing only in their origin. In this respect, isotopic methods, and specially the NMR study of site specific natural isotope fractionation (SNIF-NMR) have largely contributed to promote the requirement for authenticity offood products in terms of natural or synthetic character, botanical origin of the precursor, age, and even mechanistic and technical aspects of the elaboration.


The new German government resulting from the 2021 Bundestag election will have to revise and reshape the legacy of the Merkel era's policies on Russia and China. Germany's own interests as a geoeconomic power will have to be balanced against concerns about the values of these two illiberal states and the strategic challenges they pose. The new coalition government in Germany will have to find consensus between three parties that hold often conflicting views, led by a team with little foreign policy experience.


Wrinkles are associated with cutaneous aging especially on sun‐exposed skin. Despite they are considered a major topic in cosmetic dermatology, very few reports have studied the specific histological and immunohistochemical changes characteristic for wrinkles.


We propose a construction method of cellular automaton models based on observation data of phenomena. Because variables and states of cellular automata should be discrete, we discretize the observation data. Under the given number of neighbors and possible states of a site, we estimate the rules of cellular automata by the statistic analysis. In this paper, we apply this method to the discretized diffusion equation and Burgers equation. Both deterministic and stochastic models, which have three neighbors and 2-8 possible states, are obtained. Results of the models are compared with that of the original equations.


We examine the effects of foreign aid in a small recipient country with two traded goods, one non-traded good, and two factors. Learning by doing and intersectoral knowledge spillovers contribute to endogenous growth. We obtain two main results. First, a permanent increase in untied aid raises (or lowers) the growth rate if and only if the non-traded good is more capital intensive (or effective labour intensive) than the operating traded good. Second, a permanent increase in untied aid raises welfare if the non-traded good is more capital intensive than the operating traded good; otherwise, it may raise or lower welfare.


A new frequency-reconfigurable antenna architecture is presented, in which a dielectric fluid is pumped into a cavity behind the antenna to change its resonant frequency. The continuous tuning provided by the changing fluid volume allows the resonant frequency to be adjusted to any value within the tunable range. This tuning method does not affect the power handling capability of the antenna and does not consume power while the resonant frequency is kept constant. This method of tuning also stands out in its class by offering a wide tuning range, high efficiency, and very good electrical isolation between the antenna and the control circuitry. The antenna was designed and optimized using Ansys HFSS software and several prototypes were built and tested. Measured results of the input response, radiation pattern, and efficiency are presented. Castor oil (εr = 2.7) and ethyl acetate (εr = 6) were used in physical tests as the tuning fluids to verify the simulated results. Good agreement between simulated and measured results was observed which is also in line with the behavior suggested by theory and earlier investigations.


Purpose
This paper aims to present a systematic review of the published literature on building information model (BIM)-based simulation tools used for occupant evacuation over the past 23 years.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was conducted on BIM-based simulation tools used for occupant evacuation over the past 23 years. The search identified a total of 37 relevant papers, which were reviewed. The paper describes the use of BIM-based simulation tools over the years and identifies the research gaps.

Findings
BIM-based simulation tools have undergone progressive development, with constant improvements through the integration of advanced tools and collection of more data. These tools can assist in identifying faults in the building design. The outcomes of the simulation were not entirely accurate, as real-life scenarios vary depending on the various building types and the behavior of their occupants.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to the literature through reviewing the capabilities of BIM-based simulation tools and the different simulation methods along with their limitations.

Practical implications
Fire safety engineers and architects can comprehend the utilization of BIM-based simulation tools to enhance the fire evacuation in light of their shortcomings and flaws.

Originality/value
BIM-based simulation tools are becoming more advanced and widely used. There has not been a comprehensive evaluation of the capabilities of the integration of BIM tools and simulation modeling for occupant evacuation. This study guides researchers on the capabilities and efficiencies of integrated solutions for occupant evacuations and their inherent shortcomings. The study identifies future research areas in BIM-based tools for occupant evacuation.


Oxide spinels have potential applications in optoelectronics and optics fields. In this work the electronic band structure and optical properties of GeMg2O4 and GeCd2O4 are calculated by first principles technique based on the new potential approximation known as the modified Becke–Johnson exchange potential approximation (mBJ). The local density and generalized gradient approximations significantly underestimate the direct band gap values compared to the mBJ. The band gap dependent optical parameters such as dielectric constant, refractive index, reflectivity and optical conductivity are calculated and analyzed. The replacement of the cation is observed and analyzed for the compounds studied and a prominent change is noticed. The replacement of the cation Mg by Cd reduces the band gap and its dependent optical parameters. For device fabrication in different regions of the spectrum this variation is strongly recommended.


Building upon previous research and in an attempt to better understand the influence of mood states on variety-seeking (VS) tendency, two specific emotional states (sadness and happiness) are discussed. Furthermore, this article proposes that the effects of mood states on VS are moderated by individuals' differences. In this article, optimum stimulation level, self-monitoring, and need for cognition are used to examine the moderating effects of this relationship. Consistent with the proposed hypotheses, the results indicate that sad individuals tend to incorporate more VS than happy ones. In addition, the three personality types tested in this article moderate the effects of mood on VS. Finally, suggestions for future research are discussed.


The author analyzes the revealed school preferences of parents in the Washington, D.C., and asks, "What is the main determinant of charter school choice and how does it create racial, economic, and linguistic segregation?" The author first establishes a theory of choice, which incorporates past research and adds an additional variable to our understanding of school selection—school location. Through a multivariable regression, the author tests the new proximity variable against other possible determinants and finds that parental preference for neighborhood schools significantly correlates with racial segregation. The results indicate that school-choice markets, as they currently exist, reinforce the de facto segregation patterns found in urban neighborhoods.


This paper proposes a double-objective optimization resource allocation algorithm for the multi-user multiple-input/multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system in the general wireless environment and demonstrates the maximum number of simultaneously supportable users and the achievable bit rates of users in the general wireless environment with full rank and rank-deficient channels. The double-objective joint optimization algorithm proposed in this paper simultaneously optimizes energy efficiency and system throughput by user selection and power allocation. On this basis, the proposed algorithm guarantees the different QoS requirements of various services, including rate requirements and delay requirements.


Melt. Hardn. Xo. RM. Hygrosc. pointOC ( M ~ ~ ~ ) cm cm Amongst new heavy scintillating crystals which satisfy the requirements of electromagnetic calorimetry in the extreme conditions of rate and radiation foreseen in the future projects as LHC, SSC, UNK single crystals based on lead and tungsten compounds have been already considered as a possible choice [l]. Recently it has been shown that PbWO4 single crystals [2-61 possess such properties. The perspective of wide application of PbWO4 scintillator for detectors has stimulated further investigations of these crystals to control the factors which determine its scintillation properties. Beam test have been performed at MEP (Protvino) and at CERN.


Background: The use of clinical field assessment tools is popular in sports rehabilitation settings. The purpose of these tools is not only prediction of injury but also to assist in development of injury prevention programs. Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a clinical tool that evaluates biomechanical performance during a jump-landing task with particular focus on aspects related to an increased risk for ACL injury. Objective: Of this study was to find the most common faulty biomechanics in football players. Method: This is an evaluation-based study which predicts the risk of ACL injuries in 30 football players based on their jump landing mechanics. This evaluation was carried out with the help of software Kinovea that helps in analysis of joint kinematics. The data captured with the help of off-the-shelf cameras in frontal and sagittal planes and analysed. The frequency of common errors was identified. Result: It was found out that 20% of the players had poor landing mechanics having maximum errors, 20% had moderate errors, while 13% had good score and 47% had excellent landing mechanics. The most common error was knee valgus at initial contact, stance width wider and knee valgus displacement. Conclusion: LESS is beneficial in identification of faulty biomechanics. LESS when used along with Kinovea helps analyse common jump landing errors. Knee valgus along with internal rotation of tibia was found to be the common error which predisposes footballers to ACL injury.


In this study it is aimed to analyze the similarities of 50 countries where coronavirus pandemic, which has been profoundly affecting the whole world socially, psychologically and economically, was mostly seen The similarities of the countries were investigated with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Multi-dimensional Scaling Analysis, which are among multivariate statistical analysis techniques in terms of coronavirus pandemic indicators The variables used in the analysis are death rat e, recovery rate, active rate, serious case rate, case rate per 1 million, death rate per 1 million, and test rate per 1 millio n As a result of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, the countries were divided into seven clusters In the two-dimensional projections of Multidimensional Scaling, Kruskal stress statistics was found as 0,00001 According to this, a complete compatibility was found between data distances and configuration distances Also, the fact that R2 is 1,00000 shows that the model is quite powerful As a result of the study, the results of both methods were found to be very close to each other In the same subgroup, Turkey;Peru, Poland, Panama, Romania, Netherlands and Kazakhstan take place In the study;both developed and underdeveloped countries were found to be in the same cluster This is a surprising situation While developed countries are expected to be more effective in combating the epidemic, it was observed that they showed similarities with underdeveloped countries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Eastern Journal of Medicine is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )


AbstRA ct : Ejaculates and blood plasma were sampled from cocks of three laying lines: Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR), Sussex Light (SU), and Rhode Island Red (RIR). Ejaculates and blood plasma were sampled four times during the laying period of hens. The following ejaculate parameters were determined: sperm motility, concentrations of sperm cells, ejaculate volume. Sperm morphology was examined. In the blood samples, concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were analysed. The motility of spermatozoa of the cocks was 47.0% (BPR), 47.7% (RIR), and 48.3% (SU), respectively. The highest volume of ejaculate was found in BPR line (0.66 cm 3 ), the lowest one in SU line (0.46 cm 3 , P ≤ 0.01); the highest sperm concentration was in SU line (2.46 × 10 6 /mm 3 ), the lowest one in RIR line (1.96 × 10 6 /mm 3 , P ≤ 0.01). The number of morphologically abnormal sperm cells was similar in all lines − 47.0% BPR, 47.7% RIR, and 48.3% SU, respectively. In general, the occurrence of defective spermatozoa was high in all three lines; the most frequent were tail defects (from 20.3 to 29.7%), while sperm cells with developmental anomalies were less frequent (only 0.3 to 0.4%). Calculated phenotypic correlation between sperm motility on the one hand and the occurrence of defective sperm cells on the other was negative (r p = −0.28, P ≤ 0.01), as well as the correlation between sperm motility and sperm numbers, and between sperm motility and ejaculate volume (r p = −0.28, P ≤ 0.01 and r p = −0.31, P ≤ 0.01, respectively). Negative correlations were found between the level of magnesium in blood plasma and numbers of morphologically defective spermatozoa in the ejaculate, defective heads and defective connecting pieces (r p = −0.33, P ≤ 0.01; r p = −0.23, P ≤ 0.05; and r p = −0.26, P ≤ 0.05). Level of


Iran is a large country with a total area of 1,645,000 square kilometers. The country's population is estimated at about 31 millions. There is an uneven distribution of the population, varying from 2 to 50 per square kilometer. Sixty per cent of the total population (18 millions) is living in nearly 66,000 small and large village's scattered throughout the country. A total of 10,000 physicians provide the main source of medical manpower, however more than 40% of these physicians are located in the capital city of Teheran. The physician to population ratio for the country is about 1 per 3,000 and the figure reaches 100,000 in some rural areas. Each year a total of 600 graduates is added to the health manpower , but technical and socio-economic handicapping factors make the rural and low-income areas less attractive to the new graduates. In this paper the reconstruction of health services around the concept of Primary Medical Care has been reposed for the country's health development. Taking into consideration the country's special geographical and demographic features, two levels of primary care workers have been suggested; the first group with 4 year's training in curative and preventive services, and the second group at grade 9 level in education. It is foreseen that the two afore-mentioned groups will form a network of auxiliaries to the physicians in extending health services to the remote areas of the country.


: Aim of the present piece of work was to analyze the diversity of insect fauna of Guthia Taal, a wetland of district Bahraich of Uttar Pradesh (India). During the present study, a total of 32 species of aquatic insects belonging to 5 orders and 24 families were recorded from the three sampling sites from the study area. The study of population of insects in different sites revealed the fact that the population of aquatic insects was governed by both abiotic and biotic factors. The result of the present study reveals a great diversity of aquatic insects in freshwater bodies of Guthia taal and suggests a strong possibility of using insects effectively for biomonitoring programmes .


Proof. Suppose G = (V , E, p) and H = (V H , E , q) have m,n nodes, respectively. Let C 2 C(p, q). Then C 2 [0, 1]m⇥n and satisfies (m+ n 1) linear equality constraints coming from the row and column sums. By Lemma 1, at least one of the minimizers of spectral loss (5) is located at an extreme point of the convex polytope C(p, q). This polytope lies in an (mn (m+ n 1))-dimensional affine subspace of mn-dimensional space. The equality constraints automatically ensure that each Cij < 1, where the strict inequality holds because the graphs are fully supported and thus each pi, qj < 1. Therefore, estimating the number of zero entries is equivalent to estimating the number k of active nonnegativity constraints. An extreme point corresponds to the intersection of k hyperplanes in general position with this affine subspace, and this intersection has dimension mn (m+n 1) k. Because the extreme point has dimension 0, we have k = mn (m+ n 1). If the hyperplanes are not in general position, then the number of active nonnegativity constraints, i.e. the number of zeros, is greater than or equal to mn (m+ n 1). Next suppose m ⇠ n. Then the ratio of nonzero entries to total entries of C is roughly


The object of research is the processes of human resource management of projects in a multi-project environment. In a multi-project environment, the level of team autonomy within an organization can be different, and the lack of a resource control system at the portfolio level reduces the effectiveness of critical organization knowledge management. The main hypothesis of the study is the assumption that an adequate understanding of customer requirements is crucial to ensure project management, and the effectiveness of human resource management in a multi-project environment depends on the effectiveness of determining resource requirements in the formation of project teams.During the study, methods of system analysis are used in the study of human resource management processes and modeling of the formation of requirements for the project team. A competency-based approach is also used in the development of a method for generating resource requirements and an optimization theory apparatus for formulating and solving problems of forming project teams in multi-project environment under given restrictions.In order to reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts, it is proposed to analyze the initial data when forming requirements for the project team. Coordination of resource requirements at the stage of team formation will reduce the risks of resource conflicts during the implementation of projects included in the project portfolio. Possible results of the analysis of stakeholder requirements are considered.A method for generating resource requirements in a multi-project environment is proposed, based on an analysis of stakeholder interest in human resource management processes, taking into account the loyalty of stakeholders, which, unlike existing ones, takes into account the consistency of resource constraints defined by stakeholders. This will allow the formation of agreed requirements for the resources of projects and programs.The generated requirements are the initial data for building project teams using the proposed method of forming teams in a multi-project environment. A model of the process of forming requirements for the project team is built. For the purpose of automation, a software package has been developed that allows to generate options for building project teams with an indication of the characteristics of the options, which will further optimize the composition of the team.


The experimental results of single-phase flow heat transfer and pressure drop experiments in the turbulent flow regime in a spirally ribbed tube and a smooth tube are presented in this paper. The ribbed tube has an outside diameter of 22 mm and an inside diameter of 11 mm (an equivalent inside diameter of 11.6 mm) and the smooth tube has an outside diameter of 19 mm and an inside diameter of 15 mm. Both tubes were uniformly heated by passing an electrical current along the tubes with a heated length of 2500 mm. The working fluids are water and kerosene, respectively. The experimental Reynolds number is in the range of 10 4 -5·10 4 for water and is in the range of 10 4 -2.2·10 4 for kerosene. The experimental results of the ribbed tube are compared with those of the smooth tube. The heat transfer coefficients of the ribbed tube are 1.2-1.6 fold greater than those in the smooth tube and the pressure drop in the ribbed tube is also increased by a factor of 1.4-1.7 as compared with those in the smooth tube for water. The corresponding values for kerosene are 2-2.7 and 1.5-2, respectively. The heat-transfer enhancement characteristics of the ribbed tube are assessed. This tube is especially suitable for augmenting single-phase flow heat transfer of kerosene. Correlations for the heat transfer and the pressure drop for the spirally ribbed tube are proposed, according to the experimental data.


In this paper, we perform a comparative analysis of a set of call admission control (CAC) algorithms designed for servicing multiple priority classes in wireless networks with quality of service (QoS) guarantees. We evaluate the performance of partitioning, threshold-based, spillover, and elastic-threshold CAC algorithms in terms of the maximum number of mobile users the system is able to support with QoS satisfaction while maximizing the "reward" obtainable from servicing multiple priority classes with distinct QoS requirements. We compare these algorithms thoroughly with test cases generated through a combination of user workload, mobility, location, and population. We verify analytical results via simulation validation using real mobility trace data to model user mobility. We also analyze the tradeoff between solution optimality vs. solution efficiency in designing CAC algorithms for reward optimization and QoS satisfaction when servicing multiple service classes with distinct QoS requirements in wirelessnetworks.


fat = K ν √ Δt sin θ, (2) where K ∼ 0.012 h0.5 GHz−1. This new equation implies a different value of the constant k1 in Eq. (4). The original value reported for k1 was ∼63, while the correct value is ∼1.3 × 104. Although Eq. (3) (together with the constants K and k1) was incorrectly written in the text, we emphasize that all the figures in the paper were generated, indeed, using the correct equations and constants.


TPS1588Background: Cancer treatment is evolving toward a more personalized approach in which the intersection of genomics, pathology and imaging methods leads to individualized care. Furthermore, i...


The invention discloses a pair of PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)/NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber) composite gloves. A production process of the composite gloves comprises the following steps of: mixing the following raw materials in the proportions: 100 parts of PVC, 4 parts of NBR, 1 part of calcium zinc stabilizer, 40 parts of environment-friendly plasticizer, 3 parts of color paste colorant and 25-55 parts of viscosity reducer; stirring the mixed raw materials at a high speed, and filtering the mixture; defoaming the filtered pulp in vacuum by using vacuum defoaming equipment; standing and storingthe defoamed pulp; then impregnating the pulp in glue stock on equipment provided with a mould; lifting the mould for vertical dropping after the impregnation; sending the mould with glue after the vertical dropping into an impregnation forming oven and baking; cooling and impregnating a PU (Polyurethane)/wet powder coating layer; baking the mould at a high temperature again; and cooling the gloves dried through PU/wet powder and then performing a hemming operation. In the invention, the migration and volatility of materials in the raw materials are reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced; moreover, as novel nontoxic environment-friendly raw materials are adopted to be composited with the NBR, and the special production process is adopted, the pollution is reduced.


In order to solve the difficult problem on wavelet basis selection for the processing and analysis of GPR signal, the characteristics of GPR signal are analyzed in detail, On basis of this, firstly the paper discusses the criterion of wavelet basis selection in theory. Then we compare and distinguish in experiments, and if we want to assurance the accuracy of the signal reconstruction and enhance the ability of processing signal we should select a different wavelet basis in decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet transform individually, and breaking through the way that selects a same wavelet basis to process signal conventionally. Finally through processing the field data we present the wavelet basis of bior 2. 6 that has a best effect in processing the GPR signal. It not only eliminates the noise thoroughly, but also preserves high frequency signal of effective wave, and raises the signal/noise ratio and resolution of GPR signal. Meanwhile it is a good foundation for subsequent interpretive work.


It is known that frogs lose weight when removed from water or very moist places and are placed in dry surroundings; and that gain in weight occurs under reversed conditions. 1 To test the magnitude of such change under local laboratory conditions, beginning in 1909, several series of experiments have been performed. Leopard frogs (Rana Pipiens) were used. The first series were performed during June and July and the laboratory was not heated. During the day the windows were opened and the temperature varied from about 23.6° to 30.2° C. Night temperatures were not taken, but the minimum observed by the local weather bureau for the period was 16.7° C. Showers occurred during the experiment, so the air was not abnormally dry. Placed in water and weighed hourly, a maximum hourly fluctuation of 10 per cent., a minimum o, and an average for 10 hours of 3.8 per cent, was observed. A total gain in weight amounting to 20 per cent. occurred. Placed in wire cages in the air of the laboratory a very rapid loss of weight occurred, amounting to as much as 40 to 45 per cent. of the original weight in twenty-four hours. If the loss was not greater than this, recovery might take place if the animal were placed in water. The gain in weight was very rapid, the total weight within four hours amounting to as much as 121 per cent, of the original weight, or 200 per cent, of the weight after drying. During the next sixty hours, the weight fluctuated moderately, rising during the afternoon of the second day to 136 per cent. of the original weight before drying. The time of death by drying is not very exactly shown by the experiments, owing in part to the sluggish reactions supervening.


Background: Hypocalcaemia following bilateral thyroid surgery is common and is associated with significant short and long term morbidity. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of preventive and other surgical measures on post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia as reported in the literature. Methods: Comprehensive searches of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were performed and quality of included papers was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and a modified NewcastleOttawa Scale (NOS). The results of all included studies were summarised and meta-analyses were performed where appropriate. Results: 39 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 37 cohort studies were included. Measures studied included haemostatic techniques, extent of thyroidectomy and central neck dissection, surgical approach, calcium/vitamin D supplements, parathyroid gland auto-transplantation (PGAT) and intra-operative parathyroid gland (PG) identification, truncal ligation of inferior thyroid artery (ITA), and use of magnification loupes and surgical. Measures associated with significantly lower rates of transient hypocalcaemia in meta-analysis were postoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation compared to either calcium supplements alone (odds ratio (OR) 0.66; 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 0.45-0.98; p=0.05) or no supplements (OR 0.34; 95 per cent CI 0.15-0.75; p=0.007) and bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy (BST) compared to Hartley Dunhill procedure (HD) procedure (OR 0.35; 95 per cent CI 0.15-0.79; p=0.01). Meta-analyses did not demonstrate any measure to be significantly associated with a reduction in permanent hypocalcaemia. Conclusion: The review identified post-operative calcium and vitamin D supplementation and bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy (over HD) as being effective in prevention of transient hypocalcaemia. However, the majority of RCTs were of low quality, primarily due to lack of blinding. The wide variability in study design, definitions of hypocalcaemia and methods of assessment prevented meaningful summation of results for permanent hypocalcaemia.


The investigation of the link between poverty and alcohol consumption plays an important role in designing poverty reduction strategies in some African and Asian developing countries. In this study, Sri Lanka used as a case study to analysis the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of Alcohol Consuming Households (ACHs) and Non-Alcohol Consuming Households (NACHs) focusing on poverty. This study used data from the most reliable survey, which was Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2006/07, conducted by the Department of Census and Statistics in Sri Lanka. This study used the cost of basic needs approach poverty line to capture the number of poor, depth and severity of poverty among ACHs and NACHs. The basic statistical techniques, measurements of poverty were used in the study, and found that the social characteristics related to the ACHs were significantly different from other households. For instance headship, average number of younger and elderly people, education attainment, marital status and usual activities were significantly different in poor ACHs. This study also found that ACHs had a relatively higher percentage of dependents and a lower percentage of working persons. It recognised that illegal alcohol consumption is popular in the rural and estate sector and that legal alcohol consumption is popular in the urban sector. Furthermore poor ACHs and households belonging to the lowest income (expenditure) deciles tended to consume more kasippu and toddy. In addition, this study concluded that kasippu and toddy consuming households faced a relatively higher incidence, depth and severity of poverty.


Great natural history museums are among the world's premier institutions of scientific research, training, and education. The research produced by these museums, based on their collections of biological, geological, and anthropological specimens, has been of incalculable importance in formulating and testing the most fundamental theories and principles of these and related disciplines. In the biological sciences, for instance, contributions from past curators of these collections form the pillars of modern evolutionary biology [e.g., ([ 1 ][1]–[ 3 ][2])].

We therefore read with deep concern of plans to drastically reduce the role of scientific research at one of the world's greatest museums of natural history, Chicago's Field Museum ("Budget crunch to shrink science programs at Chicago's Field Museum," V. Morell, News & Analysis, 4 January, p. [19][3]). The collections of the Field Museum are an irreplaceable scientific resource, and the scientists who care for, augment, and make them available for study by others are also renowned contributors to science in their own right. Their loss would be a blow not just to the Museum, but to the scientific enterprise as a whole.

In making the bequest that endowed the Smithsonian, James Smithson epitomized what has become the mission of modern natural history museums: They are institutions for "the increase and diffusion of knowledge" ([ 4 ][4]). Many science museums can mount exhibits for the diffusion of knowledge, but only museums such as the Field, with its collections and scientists, can contribute so much to its increase. For the Field Museum to abandon this duty would be unconscionable. We urge the Museum's authorities and supporters to find a way to prevent such a calamity.

1. [↵][5]1. E. Mayr
 , Systematics and the Origin of Species (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1942).

2. 1. G. G. Simpson
 , Tempo and Mode in Evolution (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1944).

3. [↵][6]1. B. Rensch
 , Neuere Probleme der Abstammungslehre (Enke, Stuttgart, 1947).

4. [↵][7]1. J. Smithson
 , "James Smithson makes his will" (1826); [http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris\_sic\_638][8].

 [1]: #ref-1
 [2]: #ref-3
 [3]: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6115/19.full
 [4]: #ref-4
 [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text"
 [6]: #xref-ref-3-1 "View reference 3 in text"
 [7]: #xref-ref-4-1 "View reference 4 in text"
 [8]: http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_638


Abstract : In an examination of the relative efficiency of public and private firms in Pakistan it was found that public firms are more efficient than their private counterparts. This conclusion holds across a number of definitions of efficiency. The same picture develops across different parts of the country. These findings suggest that privatization per se is no panacea for increasing the country's industrial output, particularly in the class of most efficient firms. While these findings do not imply a complete lack of opportunities for successful privatization in manufacturing, it appears that the process should proceed very carefully and on a case-by-case basis.


This paper presents an all-electronic superheterodyne wireless system based on millimeterwave monolithic integrated circuits at a center frequency of 300 GHz. Superheterodyne operation is attractive for compliance with the recent IEEE802.15.3d frequency standard. The super-heterodyne transmission is realized, both, with mixers operating at a frequency of 10 GHz, and with an arbitrary waveform generator output centered around 10 GHz. The paper compares both options in terms of error vector magnitude for different baud rates and modulation formats. Data rates of up to 60 Gbps and distances of up to 10 meters are achieved using complex modulated signals like 16-QAM and 32-QAM.


Anomaly detection is critical to ensure cloud infrastructures' quality of service. However, due to the complexity of inconspicuous (indistinct) anomalies, high dynamicity, and the lack of anomaly labels in the cloud environment, multivariate time series anomaly detection becomes more difficult. The existing approaches are rarely effective in meeting these challenges. In this paper, we propose a novel convolutional adversarial model, convolutional-adversarial-training-based integrated anomaly detection with explanation framework (CAT-IADEF), for multivariate time series anomaly detection in the cloud. We adopt three convolutional neural networks to learn sequence features and adversarial training to amplify "slight" anomalies while enhancing the robustness of the model. The dynamic threshold is determined in real time by the peaks over threshold (POT) method to improve detection accuracy. In addition, anomaly explanation is also conducted efficiently by analyzing anomaly score vectors. Experiments with seven data subsets from various public datasets show that CAT-IADEF outperforms state-of-the-art methods. The average F1 score on the seven datasets is 0.907, which is 6.5% higher than the state-of-the-art model and up to 22.1% higher than the baseline method. Furthermore, the proposed anomaly explanation framework is also integrated into various models to verify its effectiveness on the experimental datasets.


The authors describe the features distinguishing phase-modulated holography from phase-intensitive experiments. Dynamical-phase-modulated holography is an extension of the theory of PMH in order to measure additionally relaxation time constants in a range limited only by the modulation technique of choice. Another extension of this method is a 4-beam technique with separate write and read-out beam pairs which allows the measurement of the nonlinear refractive index of absorbing as well as nonabsorbing, nonresonant materials with high sensitivity and moderate CW laser powers. >


The risk of mortality is lower for IUD users at all ages (ranging from 0.9/100000 at 15-19 years to a high of 2.0/100000 at 35-39 years) than that for users of all other contraceptive methods. However IUD use has been associated with numerous complications and side-effects including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) tubal infertility pregnancy uterine perforation and bleeding and pain. It remains unclear whether IUD usage actually increases the risk of PID or simply does not protect users against PID as both barrier methods and oral contraceptives do. During the past 25 years numerous attempts have been made to improve IUD performance and reduce the incidence of complications. Unfortunately none of the IUDs that are in general clinical use today (Lippes Loop Copper 7 Multiload Progestasert and various TCu models) were developed as a result of basic research aimed at understanding their mechanisms of action. The use of IUDs can be made safer by adherence to the following: 1) careful screening of women for contraindications to IUD use; 2) use of the correct insertion technique; 3) information provided on the signs and symptoms of adverse effects associated with IUD use; 4) adverse effects should be reported to health care providers so that IUDs can be removed when necessary and prompt treatment given; and 5) any clinical history should include details of current contraceptive use. IUD performance may be improved by using devices that are neither too large nor too small in relation to the size of the endometrial cavity. In general however more research is needed on issues such as the risk of infertility following IUD use and the risks of PID before serious efforts are made to develop new improved IUDs.


Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) released in the brain by HIV‐activated macrophages/microglia is suspected to compromise neuronal survival. Previously, we have demonstrated that activated receptor for insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐IR) protects neurons from TNFα‐induced neuronal damage (Wang et al. [ 2006 ] J. Neurosci. Res. 83:7–18). Because TNFα triggers phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) on serine residues (pS‐IRS‐1; Rui et al. [ 2001 ] J. Clin. Invest. 107:181–189), and pS‐IRS‐1 binds integrins (Reiss et al. [ 2001 ] Oncogene 20:490–500), we asked how these events affect neuronal processes. We show that β1‐integrin and pS‐IRS‐1 colocalize in PC12 cells and in primary cortical neurons. TNFα treatment elevated membrane‐associated pS‐IRS‐1, enhanced pS‐IRS‐1 interaction with β1‐integrin, and attenuated cell attachment to collagen IV. In contrast, IGF‐I inhibited pS‐IRS‐1–β1‐integrin complexes and improved cell attachment. The domain of IRS‐1 involved in β1‐integrin binding mapped between amino acids 426 and 740, and the expression of 426–740/IRS‐1 mutant attenuated neuronal outgrowth. Our results indicate that TNFα facilitates the interaction of pS‐IRS‐1 and β1‐integrin and destabilizes neuronal processes. IGF‐I counteracts TNFα‐mediated accumulation of pS‐IRS‐1–β1‐integrin complexes supporting the stability of neuronal processes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Aim:To detect the mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) and apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) TE-13 cells.Methods:TE-13 cells were allocated into 2 groups:EB treatment group and control group.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of mtDNA,and apoptosis in the cells was detected by flow cytometry at days 4,8 and 12.Results:The result of mtDNA expression in EB treatment group gradually decreased from(0.467±0.031),(0.197±0.015) to 0 at days 4,8 and 12,control group was(0.660±0.046),(0.673±0.031)and(0.653±0.021),and there were significant differences between the two groups(Fgroup=1 133.878,Ftime=109.058,Finteraction=104.597;P0.001).The results of flow cytometry revealed that cell apoptosis rates in EB treatment group were significantly higher than those of control group at days 4,8 and 12(Fgroup=2 773.035,Ftime=407.652,Finteraction=406.641;P0.001).Conclusion:The inhibition of mtDNA duplication may prompt the apoptosis of TE-13 cells.


Wherever I go these days on whatever continent, such questions seem to be on everybody's mind. In my speech today, I will talk mostly about these fears as they present themselves in Europe, focusing on some of the economic factors behind the current surge in populism. My main message is that protectionism and confrontational politics pose a threat to our security and our welfare. They would divide our villages and weaken them. But our security and our welfare would be threatened just as much by sticking to the established regime of international trade and cooperation. That would mean overlooking the fact that economic change creates winners and losers in the village, thereby frustrating those who have lost the most. We need to find a middle way.


: A distributed watershed model CAMEL(Chemicals, Agricultural Management and Erosion Losses) was applied to a part of grazing grassland and vegetation buffer strip(VBS) located in Daegwanryeong, Korea. A set of scenario analyses was carried out for grassland and VBS with various combinations of VBS widths, soil textures and ground surface slopes. The simulation results indicate that annual direct runoff decreases with wider VBS and the removal efficiency of pollutants generally decrease with steeper slopes. The removal efficiency of sediment is not significantly different with VBS widths. For gentle and medium slopes(10°, 20°), the removal efficiency of TOC and TN is not significantly different with VBS widths. As for a steep slope(30°), however, the removal efficiency of TOC and TN increases with narrower VBS. The removal efficiency of TP is generally high except for medium and steep slope of sandy loam where the removal efficiency of TP increases with wider VBS. This result of TP is contrary to the results of TOC and TN due to the adsorption characteristics of phosphorus associated with fine sediment particles. It is expected that CAMEL can be used for evaluating the effectiveness of VBS to reduce non-point source pollution discharges.


A pulsed electron beam testing system was developed for quantitative analysis of optical and/or electrical properties of defects in semiconductors. This system can control not only the electron beam but also detect and record the absolute values of light intensity: cathodoluminescence (CL), electron‐beam‐induced current (EBIC), and scanning deep level transient spectroscopy (SDLTS). Several improvements were made to enable accurate quantitative measurement. An optical system with an ellipsoidal mirror of low magnification was designed to make uniform collection efficiency of CL over a wide specimen area. A photon counting system and a lock‐in amplifying system were implemented to measure absolute value of light intensity. A quantitative EBIC or SDLTS system was also incorporated to this system. The combined system of CL/EBIC/SDLTS can both image the distribution of defects and study their characteristics.


Recent scholarship in comparative education has called attention to the problems and challenges associated with the intensified globalization of educational programs. Structural arrangements for schooling in poorer countries have become increasingly subject to the mandates of neoliberal economic policy as these are dictated by powerful international agencies and national elites. In places like Latin America, the recent predominance of schemes for educational decentralization, privatization, and "accountability" illustrate that, in matters of policy, the sovereign state is indeed strongly "conditioned" by external influences. However, as Arnove and Torres emphasize, globalization processes always entail a "dialectic of the global and the local," in which the outcome is never foreordained. If structural reforms tend to show the heavy hand of the global market at work, thus favoring the global over the local, then on questions of curricular content, teacher education, textbook production, and the like, the effects of neoliberal globalization are much less clear. Developments in curriculum and pedagogy more explicitly engage the terrain of ideologies and cultural values, and are arguably less malleable to external conditioning or subject to external oversight. Moreover, social actors rooted in local cultural traditions are more likely and able to appropriate such prescribed changes and transform


Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) constitute the majority of businesses and a significant part of developed and developing countries' Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This article presents a series of prospective scenarios that investigate the effects of public policies on entrepreneurship in Canada, Ireland, and Italy. Public policies for this sector can be classified as regulatory policies (e.g., laws for the entrance and exit of businesses, labor and social laws, property laws, tax laws, intellectual property laws, bankruptcy laws, and laws that affect the liquidity and availability of capital) and stimulus policies (e.g., promotion of cultural and educational programs to foster entrepreneurship and internationalization). Regulatory policies influence the business environment for MSMEs, and are generally designed to provide entrepreneurs with high growth potential (known as "gazelles"). Four scenarios involving the critical uncertainties surrounding political and economic integration and technological development are developed for each country. Each scenario is constructed based on public policies specific to each country. This article concludes that public policies are not a panacea capable of generating economic development, given that their effectiveness depends on other economic decisions and exogenous economic conditions. However, the absence of state intervention does not produce positive effects, even in the case of positive scenarios under exogenous conditions. PROFUTURO: PROGRAMA DE ESTUDOS DO FUTURO Editor científico: James Terence Coulter Wright Avaliação: Doublé Blind Review pelo SEER/OJS Revisão: Gramatical, normativa e de formatação Future Studies Research Journal ISSN 2175-5825 São Paulo, v. 4, n. 1, pp. 114 139, Jan./Jun. 2012 115


This Note synthesizes a customary international standard of usage for automatic submarine mines, taking into account existing international agreements and recent history. It then details the questionable nature of recent mine use in Nicaragua and the Red Sea, as judged against the synthesized standard, and the differing positions on acceptable standards of mine use asserted by the United States. "DAMN THE TORPEDOES!". INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS REGARDING THE USE OF AUTOMATIC SUBMARINE MINES


Objective To explore the changes of gene and protein expressions of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in immature rats with pilocarpine-induced epilepsy treated with ghrelin. Methods The pllocarpine-induced epilepsy model in immatured rats were built, then the rats were divided into three groups: Ghrelin-treated group, saline-treated group and model group, meanwhile the normal control group was set. The NF-κB and TNF-α levels of gene and protein in the cerebral cortex of immature rats were detected. Results The expression levels of gene and protein of NF-κB and TNF-α were increased in model group,but decreased in the normal control group;NF-κB and TNF-α levels in Ghrelin treated group were obviously lower than those of saline-treated group and model group(P < 0. 05). Conclusion The protective mechanism of Ghrelin for nerve cell is cutting down the expressions of NF-κB and TNF-α in the cerebral cortex of immature rats with epilepsy and lessening inflammatory reaction in neurocytes.

Key words:
Epilepsy;  Cerebral cortex;  Pilocarpine;  Ghrelin;  rats


We propose a novel data-driven virtual sensor architecture to reconstruct an unmeasurable scheduling signal of a parameter-varying system from input/output measurements. The key idea is to train and feed an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with input/output measurements and with data generated by processing such measurements through a bank of linear observers. Special attention is paid to the design of both the ANN and the feature extraction mechanism to keep the architecture as lightweight as possible, so that the resulting virtual sensor can be easily implemented in embedded hardware platforms. As a special case, the proposed virtual sensor can be used for hidden mode reconstruction of switched linear systems. Applications of the proposed approach are geared towards fault detection and isolation, predictive maintenance, and gain-scheduling control.


Tourism is one of the world's largest legal industries. At the same time that tourism has grown so has its study, to the extent that there is debate as to whether it may constitute a discipline in its own right. Geographers have long contributed to the study of tourism. However, there is substantial concern over the development of the sub-discipline and how tourism is conceptualised. A framework for understanding tourism in relation to contemporary human mobility over space and time is provided. This framework bears strong relationships to research on time geography as well as to work on diaspora and transnationalism. Some of the implications of incorporating tourism within the framework of mobility are outlined with respect to mobility as a form of capital, the relationships between different forms of mobility, and an improved understanding of tourism's impacts at all stages of the travel process rather than just at the destination.


Perception is the particular filter in the special relationship between the individual and the world that is the landscape. This relationship is defined, with Bergson, as a selection of stimuli for the action instead of a mere view. And the double role of landscape is clearly drawn, as record of man's activity and mediator in his real relationship with the surrounding world. Assuming the Heidegger's assertion that «to build is to inhabit», public works reveals his essential role in both aspects. Public works satisfy primary needs of man, as to extend, raise, cross, provide, shelter or live together and so they show their more profound sense. As building products, the road, the tower, the bridge, the dam, the harbor or the town help to understand the previous ways of struggle against nature. As well known guidelines for the action, they help to activate our resources in the daily contact with the world. Public Works should be better studied to deal with landscape.


The Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR) at Andoya, Norway (69° N. 16°E. von Zahn and Rees, 1994), is a complex multi-instrument facility using lidars, radars and passive IR and Visible-wavelength instruments to study the complex behaviour of the Arctic Stratosphere and Mesosphere (von Cossart et al 1995). ALOMAR has recently been augmented with the commissioning of two large receiving telescopes which can be scanned in azimuth and elevation to permit wind velocity measurements to be obtained by the Doppler Wind and Temperature System (DWTS). The ALOMAR Rayleigh / Raman / Mie lidar uses two powerful Spectra-Physics GCR-6 Nd-YAG lasers. The power lasers are seeded by a LightWavc CW laser which is stabilised against an iodine line generated in an absorption cell. This laser has proved to be extremely stable, with drills of significantly less than lms−1 during periods of 12 hours. Two steerable 1.8 m diameter receiving telescopes recover the atmospheric back-scattered signals, which are fed via libre-optic connections to a complex detection system which includes detectors for the fundamental (1064 nm), frequency-doubled (532 ran), and frequency-tripled (355 nm) laser emissions.


The 5year followup data of the CareRA cohort are interesting. However, a few points merit consideration and clarification. Findings in the highrisk group reaffirm the fact that upfront combination diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are not needed even in patients of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with poor prognostic factors, provided a treattotarget strategy is followed. However, we wish to draw attention to the lowrisk group which compared initial methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy to MTX+prednisolone bridging (COBRASlim). The results in the lowrisk group seem counterintuitive to previous landmark trials (including the BeSt and the TEAR) that found longterm outcomes to be essentially determined by treatingtotarget, with the intensity of initial treatment only guiding the rapidity of response achieved. 3 However, in the CareRAplus, the initial difference in disease activity between MTX monotherapy vs MTX+prednisolone bridging (COBRASlim) in the lowrisk group persisted for up to 5 years—this could reignite interest in the concept of 'a timelimited window of opportunity' in early RA. However, it must be stressed that any conclusions in the lowrisk group should be guarded, as the numbers included in this group (n=49 at the start of this longterm extension study; 38 by the end of followup at 5 years) were too few to draw any reliable conclusions. Unfortunately, there was no MTX monotherapy arm in the highrisk group which had more patients, and thus could have better answered the question whether addition of bridging glucocorticoids to initial MTX monotherapy improves longterm outcomes in early RA, when followed by a tight stepup approach to treatment target. Considering the little incremental response in any treatment arm after the first year, more details regarding the treatment escalation strategies followed after the protocolspecified two step escalation (step 1 and step 2) would be insightful. We would be interested in knowing the treatment changes (switches or additions) after the protocolised first year till year 5 (in the ~50% of patients who required such changes) and the final treatment patients were taking at the end of 5 years. Nevertheless, the authors must be congratulated for their study which has reaffirmed the fact that excellent results are possible with conventional synthetic DMARDs+prednisolone in a majority of cases and biological DMARDs are required in only a minority of patients (onefourth) with RA.


The role of the support anatase TiO2(100) and rutile TiO2(110) on the energetics, the shape, and the charge transfer of deposited CuAu nanoclusters (∼1 nm) has been examined by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations including Hubbard correction (DFT + U). Regular truncated octahedron clusters, Cu(1–x)Au(x) (x being in the range 0.15–0.36), representing different alloy types (core@shell, regular alloy, skin–heart), have been considered. From a thermodynamic standpoint, the core–shell-deposited nanoclusters present the strongest adsorption strength on both rutile and anatase supports, although they are the least stable homotops in vacuum. Interestingly, for skin–heart and regular alloy CuAu clusters, the stability on these supports decreases with the Au content. CuAu nanoclusters present larger adsorption energies on rutile than on the anatase support. This result has been explained by a Bader analysis of charge transfers and an energy decomposition analysis model, which shows a larger binding e...


Abstract : The study indicates that the successful testing of model helicopter rotors in tunnels when in the hover and transitional flight regimes requires not only Reynolds number scaling, where the Reynolds number is recognized as controlling the rotor's maximum section lift coefficient, but also a scaling of a characteristic defined here as the wake energy dissipation pattern. The dissipation of the energy from the rotor into the surrounding fluid is a function of the viscosity of the test fluid; thus, operation of a reduced scale model in the same fluid as that in which the full-scale vehicle operates makes appropriate scaling of this wake characteristic difficult if Reynolds number scaling is to be maintained. These conflicting factors have led to the requirements of relatively large models and correspondingly large transitional flight modes are of interest. The use of water as the test fluid for scale model studies permits an easier maintaining of Reynolds number scaling while having the scale model produce a wake energy dissipation pattern similar to that of the full-scale vehicle because of the advantages water possesses over air in terms of kinematic and dynamic viscosities.


Clinical studies have shown that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases atherosclerosis risk. The inflammation, especially mediated by the macrophages via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), has been speculated to contribute to atherogenicity in OSA patients. Inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit beta (IKKβ) is an essential element of NF-κB pathway and is linked to atherosclerosis. We previously reported that atherosclerosis was accelerated in pulmonary artery (PA) but not in aorta when low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia/hypercapnia (IHH), a surrogate for recurrent upper airway obstruction. Therefore, we hypothesized that IKKβ-dependent NF-κB activation in monocytes and macrophages plays a role in IHH-induced PA atherosclerosis. To test this hypothesis, myeloid restricted IKKβ deletion (IkkβΔMye) or control (IkkβF/F) mice were crossed to Ldlr-/- mice to generate double knockout mice. Then the mice were exposed to IHH or Air on high fat diet for 8 or 16 weeks. Lesions of PA and aorta were examined in IkkβΔMye-Ldlr-/-and IkkβF/F-Ldlr-/- male mice, under IHH versus Air. The results revealed that IKKβ deletion abolished IHH-induced PA atherosclerosis after 8-week exposure but not after 16-week exposure (8 weeks: IkkβF/F-Ldlr-/-, IHH 13.5 ± 1.4% versus Air 5.7 ± 0.7%, P < 0.01; IkkβΔMye-Ldlr-/-, IHH 7.4 ± 1.9% versus Air 4.6 ± 1.3%, P = 0.24). Both IKKβ deletion and IHH have no effects on atherosclerosis in the aorta. Our findings demonstrate that IKKβ-dependent NF-kappa B activity in myeloid-lineage cells plays a critical role in IHH-induced PA atherosclerosis at the early stage.


Federated Learning relies heavily on the data available at the worker nodes. In a majority of practical use-cases, the data at the worker nodes are Non-IID (non-independent-and-identically-distributed) in nature. The central server often only selects a subset of the worker nodes to compute the global model. If the subset has more nodes with heterogeneous data, the overall performance would be compromised. Selecting an optimal subset of worker nodes from the available worker nodes is crucial for improving the accuracy and convergence time of Federated Learning models. In this paper, we analyse the impact of Non-IID data, measured using quantity skewness, on the performance of the federated learning model and design approaches to detect the level of skewness of the data distribution at the worker nodes. Following this, we design an approach Federated Node Selection with Entropy (FedNSE) to select the optimal set of worker nodes to improve the accuracy and convergence time of a federated learning model. Our experiments performed in a simulated Federated Learning environment show that using FedNSE that selects the optimal subset of worker nodes improves the convergence time and accuracy compared to the existing approaches with a minimum decrease of 10% in the training loss.


Aiming at the problem of the early diagnosis difficulty for the last stage blades of turbine low-pressure rotor in coal-fired power plant,puts forward the method of using metal magnetic memory technology to detect turbine low-pressure rotor blades,and applies in the detection of the primary and secondary grade blades at the bottom of the low-pressure rotor in a power plant of Ningxia. The result shows that metal magnetic memory technology,as a new way of non-destructive test,has better effect for the early diagnosis of turbine blades.


Superallowed 0 → 0 beta decay between T=1 analogue states has been a subject of continuous and often intense study for five decades. The ft values of such transitions are nearly independent of nuclear-structure ambiguities and depend uniquely on the vector part of the weak interaction. Their measurement gives us access to clean tests of some of the fundamental precepts of weak-interaction theory, and, over the years, this strong motivation has led to very high precision being achieved in both the experiments and the theory used to interpret them. We have a major program at the Cyclotron Institute to study superallowed beta decay. To obtain the ft value for any transition, three quantities must be measured: the half life of the parent, the QEC value for the transition of interest and the branching ratio for that transition. Our most recent complete survey of existing data on these superallowed decays, published in 2009 [1] provided a critical evaluation of all the experimental data and obtained final ft values from the averaged results, to which improved radiative and isospin-symmetry-breaking corrections [2] were applied in order to derive


This paper proposes a research framework for studying urban air pollution. The framework generalizes the comprehensive thinking and process of urban air pollution research from a GIS-based perspective and pays more attention to the spatial distribution of air pollution. It includes three sections in sequence of data acquisition, model running and result applications. The authors utilize spatial data management and analysis that GIS provides to organize the data and implement urban air pollution research methods involved in the framework. Through these GIS-based improvements and implementations, urban air pollution spatial distribution trends are much better represented and learned. The interrelationships between the involved methods are strengthened.


In this talk I will describe recent progress in developing problem solving architectures that learn from interactions with external environments. Previous work in planning and problem solving has often ignored the special constraints and uncertainties that arise from interacting with a real environment. In addition, learning was seen as an add-on that could be ignored until the planning system was complete. Similarly, most learning work has been carried out in simulated domains, or at least in domains where interaction with an environment is mininized. Recently, several systems have been developed that attempt to integrate learning and problem solving while interacting with an external environment.