Climatic alterations affect the physiology, growth and production of the feijoa, a native plant to the higher zone between Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina. In Colombia, optimal growth temperatures are between 13 and 21°C (16°C). Very high temperatures (>32°C) affect pollination and fruit set, but low temperatures down to -4°C in adult plants do not cause significant damage. Thus, feijoa is a well-adapted plant to cold conditions since 3.04°C has been found as the base (minimum) temperature for the phase between flower bud and fruit set, while 1.76°C was measured as the base temperature for fruit development. The plant requires a minimum of 1000 hours of direct sunlight/year (optimum≥1500); the pyramidal form of the tree favors the entry of light into the crown organs. In the crown of a feijoa tree, trained with three branching levels of horizontal bent primary laterals, the outer middle quadrant produces the largest fruits, compared to those that grow in the upper quadrant. The reduced fruit growth is due to the excessive incidence of light (especially UV) and heat on these fruits on the periphery of the tree. In Colombia, altitudes between 1800 and 2700 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.) are adequate for growth and production of this fruit, while lower elevations favor the incidence of fruit flies. Precipitations between 700 and 1200 mm/year (max. 2000 mm) benefit the vegetative and reproductive performance of the tree, with an important drier season at the beginning of the reproductive season (flowering and fruit set). Due to the strength of its branches and the small, thick leaves, the tree is relatively wind resistant.


In this paper, a fuzzy-adaptive model for prediction of failure rates of overhead power distribution lines based on physical and weather related features is presented. The input data used and the results obtained are discussed. Also, results on sensitivity of failure rates to input features are provided. The overall aim of this presentation is to outline a methodology for feature-based prediction of failure rates of distribution system components. Since this method heavily depends of the input data and their accuracy, need for such databases is stressed.


In order to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of mulberry (M. alba Linn.) cv. Cubana on the fermentation and reduction of the rumen methanogenesis in river buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), an in vitro fermentation was performed and five levels of inclusion of M. alba L. cv. Cubana (0, 15, 20, 25 y 30 %) were assessed in a diet based on star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis). The volume of gas and methane accumulated was determined at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h of fermentation, as well as the concentration of total and individual short chain fatty acids (SCFA), the ammonia (NH3), and the pH at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h of incubation. The inclusion of M. alba L. cv. Cubana increased the production of gas accumulated at 24 h of fermentation, compared with the treatment containing only star grass. The different mulberry inclusion levels reduced the methane production in the rumen, compared with the control. The 30 % was the level that reduced it the most. The concentration of total and individual SCFA was not affected, nor that of NH3. It was concluded that the inclusion levels of 15, 20, 25, and 30 % of M. alba L. cv. Cubana did not affect the end products of the fermentation and reduced the in vitro rumen methane production. The 30 % was the level that reduced the most the rumen methanogenesis. Key words: rumen methanogenesis, rumen, mulberry, end products of the fermentation, in vitro gas production.


32 Background: Biology has become the main driver of breast cancer therapy. Intrinsic biological subtypes by gene expression profiling have been identified. Pathology can be used to define surrogates of these subtypes but these are not always concordant, which may lead to different treatment plans. We investigated the concordance between BluePrint (BP) + MammaPrint (MP) (micro array based) breast cancer subtypes and pathological surrogates (based on ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67). Contrary to the Perou gene set (evolved into PAM50), BluePrint was trained using pathological data.

METHODS
Using available data (centrally assessed pathology and genomic) from the MINDACT pilot phase (Rutgers et al 2011) 621 tumors were analyzed. Two pathology classifications were used: one with 4 categories and one with 5 categories (Goldhirsch et al 2011). Based on BP 3 subtypes are formed: Luminal, HER2 and Basal. The Luminal subtype is further split into Luminal A (MP low risk) and Luminal B (MP high risk).

RESULTS
See table.

CONCLUSIONS
All pathological Basal cases are BP Basal, apart from 1 BP HER2 case. Of the BP Basal cases, 15 are not pathological Basal: 1 is Luminal A, 11 are Luminal B (of which 8 are IHC ER/PR borderline (≥1% and < 10%)) and 3 are HER2. All pathological Luminal (A & B) that are BP HER2 are HER2- by TargetPrint. 25 of the 26 pathological HER2+ that are BP Luminal A are ER+. Most discordant cases are seen within the Luminal subtype, indicating that Ki67 discriminates Luminal A vs. B differently than MammaPrint does. The observed subtype discrepancies reveal potential important impact for treatment-decision making. MINDACT will provide important information. [Table: see text].


Abstract: Huntington's disease and six other neurodegenerative diseases are associated with abnormal gene products containing expanded polyglutamine (poly‐Q; Qn) domains (n ≥ 40). In the present work, we show that glutathione S‐transferase (GST) fusion proteins containing a small, physiological‐length poly‐Q domain (GSTQ10) or a large, pathological‐length poly‐Q domain (GSTQ62) are excellent substrates of guinea pig liver (tissue) transglutaminase and that both GSTQ10 and GSTQ62 are activators of tissue transglutaminase‐catalyzed hydroxaminolysis of N‐α‐carbobenzoxyglutaminylglycine. The present findings have implications for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of expanded CAG/poly‐Q domain diseases.


The evolution of the entropy production in solids due to heat transfer is usually associated with the Prigogine's minimum entropy production principle. In this paper, we propose a critical review of the results of Prigogine and some comments on the succeeding literature. We suggest a characterization of the evolution of the entropy production of the system through the generalized Fourier modes, showing that they are the only states with a time independent entropy production. The variational approach and a Lyapunov functional of the temperature, monotonically decreasing with time, are discussed. We describe the analytic properties of the entropy production as a function of time in terms of the generalized Fourier coefficients of the system. Analytical tools are used throughout the paper and numerical examples will support the statements.


The apparent viscosity of neutrally buoyant suspensions of rigid spheres and discs in tube flow has been investigated experimentally. Simultaneous measurements of apparent viscosity and the average concentration of particles in the tube were made over wide ranges of concentration (0–45%), tube‐to‐particle diameter ratio (5 to 114) and tube‐Reynolds number (0.4 to 4). The wall‐shear stress, determined from pressure‐drop data, varied from approximately 1 to 10 dynes/cm2. The results indicate that the most important criterion for the classification of suspension flow is the size of the particles relative to the containing vessel. These experiments show that the tube diameter must be about 50 times the diameter of suspended spheres before the suspension can be treated as a homogeneous fluid whose viscosity is determined effectively by the concentration. At medium concentrations (<30%) and diameter ratios (tube to particle) greater than 10, engineering calculations may be adequately served by taking the relati...


In order to realize useful active phased array antennas, we have investigated the phased array behavior of a microwave coupled oscillator system which has locking sources at both ends and is controlled by the phases of the injection signals. By numerical analysis, we show that free-running frequency shift of the end oscillator of the array is effective for enlarging the scanning range of the radiated beam. An experiment on a system of waveguide type oscillators has confirmed the analytical result and we have successfully scanned the wave radiated from an array with five active patch antennas mounted with Gunn diodes.


This paper presents a systematic design method of output direct feedback controllers for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems. The direct use of the output measurements to produce the input signal to the controller avoids the requirement for measuring or reconstructing the entire state vector so as to decrease the complexity of the controller. In order to use the structural information in the rule base to decrease the conservatism of the stability analysis, the standard fuzzy partition (SFP) is employed to the premise variables of fuzzy systems. New stability analysis and design methods of output direct feedback controllers are presented and applied to a nonlinear mass-spring-damper mechanical system. The simulation results show that these methods are effective


Sunlight exposure has been implicated as one risk factor for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin. The current study by Gailani et al. (p. 349) indicates that inactivation of a gene on chromosome 9q22 may be necessary for basal cell carcinogenesis and suggests that this mutation may involve factors—perhaps arsenicals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and ionizing radiation—other than sunlight. The investigators evaluated 47 BCCs informative for possible loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 9, tested 18 of these BCCs for the type of point mutations of the p53 gene on chromosome 17p associated with UVB radiation, and conducted other analyses. The 47 tumors were from body areas with varying amounts of sun exposure. The study found LOH for chromosome 9q markers in 32 (68%) of the 47 tumors. No association was found between this LOH and sunlight exposure, assessed by tumor location or UVB radiation-associated p53 mutations. In an editorial, Harris (p. 315) discusses current knowledge of genetic events underlying BCC, squamous cell carcinoma, and other skin cancers. The strikingly high frequency of LOH for chromosome 9q, found by Gailani et al., suggests that chromosome 9q22 harbors a "gatekeeper" BCC susceptibility gene(s), which may be needed to initiate carcinogenesis, Harris writes. He suggests that this gene(s) and its normal function may soon be identified, leading to new strategies for prevention and treatment of BCC.


Abstract We describe a 74-year-old man with immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) presenting with gastric cancer, stomach and kidney lesions. For 15 years, the patient had been treated under a diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis, which was revealed to be IgG4-RD only when the cancer was found. Histology revealed the gastric cancer and IgG4-related lesion in the muscularis propria to be separate. This case suggests that the stomach muscle can also be a site of involvement of IgG4-RD.


Using septic tank night soil sludge,an anaerobic digestion experiment at 35 ℃ was conducted to investigate the effects of dosing effective microorganisms(EM) and multifunctional compound microorganisms preparation(MCMP) on biogas production rate,cumulative biogas yield,NH4+-N content,and pH in night soil sludge anaerobic digestion.The results indicated that EM and MCMP of 0.005% to 1.00% added into the night soil sludge anaerobic digestion system were beneficial to the increase of biogas production.After 20 days of anaerobic digestion,the average daily biogas production rates and cumulative biogas yields of E1 to E6 were 60.96% to 215.13% and 60.74% to 214.70% higher than those of CK,respectively.The yields of M1 to M6 were 50.99% to 255.31% and 50.78% to 254.82% higher than those of CK,respectively.The highest biogas production rate and cumulative biogas yield were achieved by dosing 0.10% EM and 0.05% MCMP.The content of NH4+-N in each treatment was less than the inhibition concentration(2 000 mg / L) reported in the literature,and the pH value of each treatment was between 7.0 and 7.6,which is suitable for the coexistence of acidogenic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria.


3Dimensional Printing is a fast prototyping or improver manufacturing is a fresh advanced skill that making 3D shapes in a layer by layer method straight by computer aided drug design technology. 3D printing has a high-class chance for the grounding of personalized medication to patient wants. In 3D printing sequential layers of material are shaped under computer control to create an object. It is consuming high degree of elasticity over controls over the release of drug which is formulated as in different layers of tablets. This review highlight with advantages, disadvantages, types, principle, steps involved, challenges and applications of 3D printing in Pharmaceutical.


The kinetics of the development of a diffuse phase transition of the first kind in monodisperse samples of tetracosan C24H50 was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy.The temperature dependences of the frequencies and intensities of C-H stretching vibrations in the spectral region ν=2800-3000 cm-1 were studied for 4 different modes in the methylene CH2 trans sequences of the main chain and for 4 different modes corresponding to the end methyl CH3 groups. Specific changes in the vibrational frequencies of all investigated modes are found, which are caused by changes in the symmetry of the packing of molecules during a phase transition of the first order.


Despite modest economic growth over the past decade, the Philippines have made little progress in reducing poverty. In this regard, the Philippines is an outlier in the region, seemingly unable to translate economic growth into meaningful poverty reduction. This underscores the fact that structural poverty remains a binding constraint to equitable growth. Furthermore, the Philippines remains highly vulnerable to climatic and other adverse shocks, making the task of poverty reduction even more challenging. To help meet short-term consumption needs while fostering investment in human capital to help break the intergenerational transmission of poverty, the Philippines launched a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program in early 2008. This study represents a first step toward rigorously documenting the causal impact of the CCT program, focusing on school enrollment from a small selective sample survey. Primarily for illustrative purposes, the study concentrated on areas where education outcomes were low before the intervention, to determine the impact on marginalized areas. The study compared school enrollment before and after CCT program implementation, using panel data of about 2,000 CCT and non-CCT children from 900 sample households in three regions of the country. The baseline data was collected in 2008 before program implementation, matched to the follow-up survey which was conducted in 2011. Under the CCT program, households receive cash transfers conditional on school enrollment and regular attendance of children aged 6-14, therefore the analysis used the sample of children aged 6-14 during the baseline (2008), and the same children aged 9-17 at the time of the follow-up survey (2011).


An arch brace supporting structure has many significant advantages, such as force reasonable performance, short duration of excavators, pit deformation aging control and so on. It is widely used in large-scale deep excavation. A ring support deep foundation pit project of Zhongshan was taken as the background. The structure characteristics of the ring beam supporting system of three-dimensional numerical simulation analysis was studied based on the continuum finite element method. The research is mainly focused on the ring beam stiffness,diameter, wall thickness to even and soil elastic modulus supporting structure deformation and internal force of the impact. Some useful conclusions are drawn to provide a reference for the future similar projects design.


In an attempt to purify large amounts of a protein that specifically binds to a newly identified UV-responsive element (URE; 1) we have developed a simple method that enables efficient coupling of specific target DNA sequences to a support matrix. Although several procedures have been reported (2-4), the efficiency of coupling the target DNA sequence to the support matrix is routinely low or the procedures are highly specialized and labor intensive to perform. In the newly developed procedure, the DNA sequence of interest is initially tailed with poly(A) nucleotides and subsequently coupled to oligo-dT cellulose. The affinity columns prepared in this way are quick and simple to construct and the attachment of the DNA to the column occurs at the ends of the oligomer rendering the entire target sequence available for protein binding. In developing this procedure, a double stranded URE sequence (TGACAACA) which has a two bp overhang at the 5' ends (30 ,ug) was tailed using 2 units of terminal transferase (Promega) per jig of DNA in the presence of 0.2 mM dATP at 37°C for 1 hour. The enzyme was deactivated (65°C for 10'), and the reaction mixture was passed through a G-25 (Pharmacia) column prior to precipitation with ethanol. The DNA pellet was resuspended in coupling buffer consisting of 10 mM Tris pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA, and 1 M NaCl. 100 mg of oligo dT cellulose (Boehringer Mannheim) was hydrated in the same buffer. The resulting mixture was transferred to a Poly Prep Chromatography Column (Bio Rad) and washed with 15 ml coupling buffer. The URE-DNA was applied to the column with 6-8 passes of solution through the matrix. Studies in which we have incorporated 35S-labeled dATP during tailing of the DNA indicate that the majority of coupling occurs during the first 3 passes and coupling efficiency of 98% are routinely achieved. The column is subsequently washed with coupling buffer before proceeding. Nuclear proteins were prepared from UV-treated rat fibroblast cells through a procedure which leaves the proteins in buffer consisting of 20 mM HEPES pH 7.9, 100 mM KCI, 0.2 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM PMSF, 0.5 mM DTT and 20% glycerol (5). We have found it necessary to modify the composition of this buffer by eliminating the DTT and reducing the glycerol to less than 5% in order to optimize protein binding and minimize loss ofDNA from the affinity column. Subsequent to equilibration with 15 ml of A50 buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA, 50 mM (NH4)2SO4 and 3% glycerol), 1-30 mg of nuclear proteins are passed multiple times through the column for 3 hours at room temperature or alternatively, overnight at 4°C using a peristaltic pump set at low speed. The column is then washed 3 times with A-50 buffer (10 ml each) and the proteins are eluted with 2 aliquots of 0.5 ml A-600 buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA, 600 mM (NH4)2SO4, 10% glycerol and 0.5 mM DTT). At this point, the column can be re-equilibrated with A-50 buffer and re-used multiple times or the DNA can be eluted from the column with water and re-used for various other purposes. Using this procedure we have obtained a yield of approximately 5 Ag of purified 40 Kd protein from 20 mg of nuclear extract. The profile of proteins before purification, retention of DNA on the oligo dT column and activity of the purified proteins in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) are shown in Figure 1.


Threshold quantum secret sharing schemes are incredibly complex systems, making even constructed schemes so complicated as to be very difficult to implement. In addition, most of these schemes share classical information rather than true quantum information. Weighted threshold quantum secret sharing schemes are especially complex, so much so that, to date, no one has been able to successfully construct one. In light of this, this study uses the Chinese Remainder Theorem and performs the phase shift operation on a quantum state to build a weighted threshold secret sharing scheme. The proposed scheme allocates each participant in the scheme their own weight. The dealer then selects a key and encodes it on a secret of quantum state with the phase shift operation. One this is achieved, the dealer divides the key into partial keys, and sends them to the participants. When the sum of the weights of participants is greater than or equal to a fixed threshold, the participants can reconstruct the secret and obtain the quantum information. The proposed scheme is an efficient and flexible weighted threshold quantum secret sharing and is simpler and easier to implement than earlier ones.


The article deals with the public activities of the enlightened rulers of the Medieval Muslim East. The authors analyze the events that took place in the Central Asia during the Timurid period. The article examines the years of the rule of Ulugh Beg, Baysunkar-mirza, Babur and Navoi. It is concluded that their multitalented personalities contributed to high achievements of the state.


Objective To test the capability of the Compound Xian Zhen Decoction in different concentrations to inhibit osteoblast apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) . Methods After induction of apoptosis of osteoblasts cultured in vitro, the Compound Xian Zhen Decoction in different concentrations was added to the culture medium, the rate of osteoblast apoptosis was tested by flow cycometry. Results Comparied with the model group and the control group, the groups treated with the Compound Xian Zhen Decoction in concentrations of 1 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml manifested reducied rates of osteoblast apoptosis with significant difference; the drug in the concentrations of 1 μg/ml had higher effect.The drugs may affect G0-G1 stages and S stage of cell cycle to inhibit the osteoblast apoptosis, and the drug in the concentrations of 1 μg/ml increased the quantity of osteoblasts in 67-M stages. Conclusions The Compound Xian Zhen Decoction can inhibit osteoblast apoptosis induced by TNF-a and has best effect in low concentration (1 μg/ml).


ABSTRACT Nassella neesiana (Chilean needle grass) is a South American grass species that is a serious weed in Australia and New Zealand. The rust fungus Uromyces pencanus is a promising biocontrol agent that could be used to control the weed in both countries. Extensive host range testing has been conducted to explore the specificity of the rust. In this paper we discuss the different degrees of invasion by the rust of the tissues of target and non-target species; the plant defences elicited by such invasion at the cellular level; and their relevance to the biological control of Chilean needle grass.


The energy-efficient power allocation (PA) of distributed antenna system using multiple receive antennas is studied over spatially correlated Rayleigh channels. A new energy efficiency (EE) defined as the ratio of the average transmission rate to the consumed total power is presented. According to this definition, subject to the maximum power constraint, an optimal PA scheme is developed by maximising the EE. It is shown that the solution of PA in the constrained EE optimisation does exist and is unique. A Newton method with iterative algorithm is proposed to attain the PA. To avoid iterative calculation of the optimal scheme, a suboptimal PA scheme is derived by means of the Lambert function. As a result, closed-form PA is obtained. The developed schemes only need the statistical channel information and large scale information, and thus they have lower overhead and better robustness. Moreover, they may include the ones over spatially independent channel as special cases. The theoretical EE is further derived for performance evaluation, and the resultant closed-form expression is obtained. Computer simulation indicates that the theoretical EE agrees well the simulation result, and the suboptimal PA scheme can achieve the EE value near to the optimal one with lower complexity.


The de primo frigido has long been recognized as an important text for our understanding of Plutarch′s epistemological position. It is the aim of this paper to show, however, that the sophistication of the work, and with it of Plutarch′s epistemology, is not generally given the credit due to it.


Abstract At a workshop sponsored by the NIH Radiation Study Section it was agreed that the present rationale for the trial of high-LET radiations is that they may give a better differential effect between normal and malignant tissue than low-LET radiations because of the oxygen effect. In addition, some beams of high-LET radiations have unique and advantageous depth-dose distributions. Machines for delivering the radiations are now scarce and expensive, but it appears that specialized therapy facilities could be produced at acceptable cost. There are no contraindications to clinical trials.


Absolute distance measurement by means of a self-mixing interferometer (SMI) can be obtained by modulating the laser frequency. This modulation is typically achieved through the modulation of the laser injection current with a triangle waveform. Various strategies have been proposed to increase the performances and recent researches have shown real-time performance of SMI with resolution reaching 100 μm for distances up to 2 m. In the present paper, we demonstrate for the first time, both experimentally and by modeling, that with high coupling factors between the laser and the target, disappearance of interferometric fringes occurs that can strongly affect the measurement reliability.


Straw fiber (SF)/polylactic acid (PLA) composites were prepared from SF and PLA. The effects of the composite SF/PLA mass ratio investigated in terms of mechanical properties, water resistance, crystal structure, and thermal properties were investigated. These composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopic (SEM), X-ray diffractometric (XRD), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The results showed that, when the SF/PLA mass ratio was 3/7, the mechanical properties and water resistance of these composites were the best. When the mass ratio exceeded 3/7, the interface compatibility in the composites decreased. As the SF/PLA mass ratio increased, the crystallinity and the heat resistance of the composites were decreased.


H II galaxies are dwarf star forming galaxies found in objective prism surveys through their strong emission lines. They have been targets of extensive studies of their spectroscopic properties such as chemical abundances, physical conditions and kinematics. Little surface photometry work has been done on H II galaxies up to now. This thesis is primarily a CCD surface photometry study of the structural properties, optical colors and a statistical analysis of the environment of H II galaxies. In the chapter "The Morphology of H II Galaxies" I have used a sample of 39 H II galaxies with CCD images for a study of their overall morphology and luminosity profiles. The results show that H II galaxies can be classified in two main types: type I H II galaxies are luminous and have disturbed and irregular outer shapes while type II H II galaxies are less luminous and have regular shapes. The outer parts of profiles of all HIi galaxies are well represented by an exponential as in other types of known dwarf galaxies. In "The Dynamics of H II Galaxies" I have investigated the relation between the linear size of the starburst, luminosity and velocity dispersion. It is found that H II galaxies have similar relations as virialized systems which supports the gravitational origin of their overall kinematics. The possible bi-parametric behavior ("fundamental plane") of H II galaxies is also investigated. However, a conclusive answer to this question still requires more and better data. In "The Colors of H II Galaxies" I have presented a high spatial resolution CCD surface photometry study. The colors of the underlying stellar continuum within the starburst are obtained by removing the flux contribution of the emission lines in the broad band filters. Comparison with recent evolutionary population synthesis models show that the observational errors and the uncertainties in the models are still too large to put strict constraints on their past star formation history. However, the distribution of colors of the underlying galaxy in H II galaxies is similar to the colors of some dwarf galaxies which suggests a kinship of these with the quiescent phases of H II galaxies. In "The Environment of H II Galaxies" I have studied the environment of 51 H II galaxies for which I have CCD images, H-beta luminosity, velocity dispersion, H-beta equivalent width and oxygen abundance. The aim of the study is to check the tidal origin of the starburst in H II galaxies and the effect of the environment on their intrinsic properties. It is found that only 12 H II galaxies have a bright neighbour within a projected distance of 1 Mpc and 250 km s-1 in velocity difference. Surprisingly, isolated H II galaxies tend to be of high luminosity and disturbed morphology while H II galaxies with neighbours tend to be low luminosity regular H II galaxies. Furthermore, the metal abundance and the equivalent width of the emission lines in H II galaxies do not depend on the presence of a companion. These results are opposed to what is expected if interaction with a luminous companion is the main mechanism triggering the starbursts. It is also found a loose group of four H II galaxies with no luminous companion. For this, there is the additional difficulty of understanding how these starbursts are synchronized on time scales of less than 107 yrs in systems separated by ~1-2 Mpc.


Narrowband harmonic infrasound signals within the 1 to 8 Hz passband, generated by wind turbines on Ascension Island, have been recorded at four microbarometers located at distances of between 1.8 and 4.6 km from the source along different azimuths. Across one month of recordings in October 2010, amplitude ratios between the four recordings show temporal stability but deviate from the ratios expected for propagation across a flat plane. Using a recently developed three-dimensional parabolic equation method, that can incorporate realistic topography as a lower boundary, it is shown that these time-independent amplitude ratio deviations can be, in part, explained by acoustic interactions with topography that has scale lengths on the order of a few hundreds of metres. These interactions comprise both two-dimensional barrier effects that reduce sound levels behind high topography, and three-dimensional diffractive effects that increase sound levels behind topographic obstacles. For the Ascension Island case study, amplitudes along two of the four paths can be successfully modelled using a two-dimensional model, indicating that barrier effects dominate for these path geometries. Amplitude ratios along a third path, and the frequency-dependence of these ratios, are better simulated using a three-dimensional model that captures the out-of-plane diffractive effects around a prominent hill. The fourth path is poorly modelled using the three-dimensional model, which overpredicts acoustic amplitudes in this case. We hypothesise that this mismatch is likely to be due to a simplified description of the wind turbine source term. This study provides further observational confirmation that topographic interactions need to be considered when interpreting locally propagating infrasound, and shows that for harmonic narrowband sources a parabolic equation solver incorporating realistic boundary conditions provides an efficient method for simulating topographic interactions.


In the field of nanomedicine, one of the most important targets is the development of functional nanoassemblies which will deliver and release selectively the drug to the suffering tissue. For example, the administration of doxorubicin (Dox) displays lack of selectivity and systemic toxicity issues. A possible approach towards a more selective delivery of Dox to the target tissue is its encapsulation at magnetically targeted nanoparticles.
The present postgraduate thesis' aim was the study of magnetic nanocarriers based on copolymers of poly(methacrylic acid)- graft -poly(ethyleneglycol methacrylate) (p(MAA -g- EGMA)) with different structural characteristics and the determination of those characteristics, that impart to the nanocarriers the optimal performance. Specifically, the stability of magnetic nanoparticles, with different chain length of poly(ethyleneglycol) and different density of negative charges, was studied at various media such as NaCl, pH and Dox concentration. The drug loading in the nanocarriers was also studied, as well as its release by the specific nanocarriers at various media (distilled water, PBS and albumin solution in PBS). The nanoparticles were prepared via a self-assembly process of the polymers [poly(methacrylic acid)-graft-poly(ethyleneglycol methacrylate) (p(MAA-g-EGMA)] on the surface of the growing iron oxide nanocrystallites.
The stability studies were performed with the use of DLS technique. The study of the drug loading and release from the nanoparticles was followed using the fluorescence spectroscopy.
In the first chapter, the various types of nanoparticles, their properties, as well as their applications are presented briefly. Additionally, a short literature review with regard to the loading and release of drugs from nanoparticles is presented.
The second chapter refers to the techniques and methods that were utilized in the context of the present thesis, as well as to the experimental procedures. Finally, in the third chapter the experimental results are presented and discussed.
Based on the results of this study:
 The magnetic nanocarriers based on copolymers poly(methacrylic acid)- graft -poly(ethyleneglycolmethacrylate) (p(MAA -g- EGMA)) have satisfying characteristics of size and z potential for long blood residence time after an intravenous injection, which is a prerequisite for their application as controlled (targeted) delivery systems for anticancer drugs. The high values of doxorubicin loading without stability loss is an important advantage.
 The increase in the release rate of doxorubicin by the nanocarriers in albumin solutions with low pH (5-6) is important, since it facilitates a relatively selective release of the drug in cancer tumors which display lower pH than that of the normal tissues.
In conclusion, the results of the research justify the further in-vitro study of the suitability of the magnetic doxorubicin nanocarriers as selective delivery systems of the drug to the cancer tumors.


Wide-pore proteinaceous freeze–thaw spongy gels were synthesized via the cryotropic gelation technique using the bovine blood serum or its diluted solutions as the protein-containing precursors. The feed systems also included the denaturant (urea) and the thiol-reductant (cysteine). The gel-fraction yield decreased and the swelling degree of the walls of macropores in such heterophase matrices increased with decreasing the initial protein concentration. The optimum freezing temperature was found to be within a rather narrow range from −15 to −20 °C. In this case, the average size of the macropores in the resultant cryogels was 90–110 μm. The suitability of such soft wide-pore gel materials for the application as the carriers of peptide bioregulators was demonstrated in the in vitro experiments, when the posterior segments of the Pleurodeles waltl adult newts' eyes were used as a model biological target. It was shown that a statistically reliable protective effect on the state of the sclera, vascular membrane and retinal pigment epithelium, as well as on the viability of fibroblasts, was inherent in the proteinaceous cryogels loaded with the peptide bioregulator (Viophtan-5™) isolated from the bovine eye sclera.


During recent years there has developed an increased interest in the question of the dependence of life span on various factors, such as weight, sex, country versus city dwelling, lipoprotein concentration in blood plasma, cigarette smoking, and exposure to high-energy radiation, and much statistical information about it has been gathered.(1) Some effort has also been made, in the case of factors, such as radiation exposure, that can assume a series of values, to express by an equation the relation between the average life span of populations differing with respect to this factor and the parameter representing the factor. Usually a linear equation has been used, often a single term, corresponding to proportionality between the decrease in expected life span and the parameter.


This paper presents a comprehensive study of the fatigue and failure behavior of both homogeneous and metallic-reinforced compliant segments. Baseline test results are presented for a homogeneous, fixed-free compliant segment constructed of thermoset urethane. The advantages of both polymeric and metallic materials for compliant mechanism construction are leveraged by designing and testing compliant test specimens containing a polymer casing and a metallic reinforcing element. Results obtained from fatigue testing of fixed-free compliant segments in a cyclic loading configuration show that the metallic-reinforced compliant specimens offer superior fatigue performance when compared to the homogeneous baseline specimens. Fractography, both macroscopic and microscopic, is used for a qualitative assessment of the failure behavior. This vein of research is undertaken using metallic reinforcement (inserts) toward the development of a new class of compliant mechanisms with significantly greater performance, particularly insofar as the problems of fatigue and creep are concerned.


The invention discloses a dynamic networking lawful monitoring process and the system, wherein the process comprises the first step is that transferring the monitoring instruction to a remote gateway through a local gateway when a monitoring center needs to monitor the networking which is monitored, controlling the monitoring instructions to the relative soft exchange device by the remote gateway, the second step is that initiating a calling by the networking which is monitored, device triggering the monitoring services by the relative soft exchange, and transferring the monitoring server triggering information to the local monitoring gateway through the remote monitoring gateway, and the third step is that transmitting the monitoring service triggering information which is conducted withthe format conversion by the local monitoring gateway to the monitoring center to set control. The monitoring of whole network can be conveniently realized through adopting the invention without affecting the present network basically, the number of hardware device is less, the network complication is lower and the transformation cost is lower.


List of contributors list of figures introduction, Margaret Kinnell curriculum developments and learning resources - needs and priorities, Ivan Reid and Peter King learning and library resource for schools, Trevor Dickinson planning whole-school learning resources - policy and review, Wendy Drewett learning resources in the primary school, Marlene Morrison and David Scott financial management strategies, Jan Condon staffing needs, Nigel Akers relationships and communication, Margaret Kinnell effective provision in primary schools, David Streatfield and Sharon Markless planning the learning resource centre, Margaret Smith and Leonore Charlton information technology - a learning and information resource, James E. Herring systems for materials acquisition, Gillian Johnson organizing materials for use, John Dunne developing information skills, Jenny Brown strategies for managing change, Peggy Heeks school library service provision, Ellen Dickie.


Introduction: The incidence of Giant cell tumors is 4%, affecting the meta-epiphyseal region of long bones, with commonest involvement being around the knee joint [1]. It commonly occurs in patients around 20 to 40 years of age with slight female predilection. Giant cell tumor involving distal fibula is very rare, whose incidence is less than 1% [2] . Locally aggressive lesion in such an expendable bone needs resection of the involved bone, which compromises ankle stability, particularly in young patients [3]. This case is being presented here for its rare involvement and its unique management using an innovative technique, where tumor is resected and ankle mortise is reconstructed with ipsilateral proximal fibula. Lateral knee stability is restored by incorporating biceps femoris and fibular collateral ligament to lateral proximal tibia with suture anchor [4].


The author considers the influence of the educational reforms which on the staff of the Tuvan teachers. These reforms were held in the country at the end of the XXth beginning of the XXIst centuries. The author focuses on such problems as aging and feminization of school, reduction of the teachers' number, teachers transfer to the other spheres, at the same time he points at the positive trends in the development of the teachers staff potential in the republic.


The transition from the hospital to post-acute care settings has emerged as an important priority in IHI's work to reduce avoidable rehospitalizations. Transitions in care after a hospitalization involve both an improved transition out of the hospital (and from post-acute care and rehabilitation facilities) as well as an activated (ready for specified transitions process) and reliable reception into the next setting of care such as a primary care practice, skilled nursing facility, or home care.


The data on the structure and the role of lipoprotein (a) were presented. It posses plasminogene and lipoproteins elements in its structure. Up to now it is not well known the physiological role of lipoprotein (a). There are many proofs in the literature that lipoprotein (a) is an independent coronary risk factor. It is also known as an acute phase protein.


s retrieved for further screening (n =99) Full-text articles retrieved for further review (n =57) Studies included in scoping review (n =43) Articles excluded based on title scan for relevance (n =1) Articles excluded based on full review for relevance (n =14) Articles excluded based on abstract scan for relevance (n =42) Figure 1. Selection process


The use of ultrasonic guidance to accurately localize nerves, neurovascular sheaths, and vascular structures and to visualize, in "real-time," needle placement and injectate spread results in safer and more consistently effective regional blockade. Ultrasound guidance is increasingly utilized at our institution for the placement of brachial plexus blocks. This technique, in association with a nerve stimulator, provides the practitioner with the best possible tools to accurately and consistently place solid brachial plexus blocks. We have been utilizing ultrasonographic technology to facilitate the placement of our axillary brachial plexus blocks at the West Virginia University Hospital since 1995 with a very high block success rate. Moreover, we have found that with very little practice novice practitioners can efficiently and effectively place these blocks under ultrasonic guidance with a high rate of success. In this article, we describe our technique for the placement of an ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block.


The invention relates to a household appliance (30) with a device-internal communication unit (31) for communication with an external device (17, 30a, 30b) is formed. The communication unit (31) capable of providing data according to the Internet protocol, and to the external device (17, 30a, 30b) transmitted and generated according to the Internet protocol received data. The invention also relates to a system (35) with such a household appliance (30) as well as a method for enabling communication between a home appliance (30) and a further device.


Support services: Growth and development Asking the right questions: A development model Additonal support: Improving inclusion practice in mainstream schools Social inclusion: Supporting schools to help themselves Interagency working: Supporting school refusers Interagency working Supporting school refusers Interagency working: The education of young people in public care Supporting transition: From primary to secondary school New technology: Services for children out of school Local learning groups and clusters: The potential of working in an integrated team with groups of schools Becoming a business unit: A road to Nirvana or disaster? The impact of funding Best value: evaluating support service effectivesness Issues for the future


Table-ripe soft avocado cannot be shipped or stored for more than a few days. Thus, it is common practice to store and ship firm, tree-ripe avocado, while the consumer may soften the fruit as required. A human sorter cannot distinguish between a freshly picked firm avocado and a somewhat softer semiripe fruit, yet the accelerated evolution of ethylene by even several ripe fruits, may prematurely ripen a whole shipment. A sensor system, for nondestructive sensing of avocado firmness is presented, based on vibrationally exciting one side of the fruit, while measuring the transmitted vibration energy on its other side. Special signal processing hardware and software was developed for computing several alternative firmness indexes, highly correlated to the standard piercing force, destructive, test method. Optimal classification algorithms were developed, whereby the fruit may be classified into two or three firmness grades. In both cases, the actual contamination of the firm fruit class by soft fruits was only 3.3%, while the overall classification accuracy was about 90%.


The functional MR images consist of very high dimensional data containing thousands of voxels, even for a single subject. Data reduction methods are inevitable for the classification of these three-dimensional images. In this study in the first step of the data reduction, the first level statistical analysis was applied to fMRI data and brain maps of each subject were obtained for the feature extraction. In the second step the feature selection was applied to brain maps. According to the feature selection method used in the classification studies of fMRI and which is called as the active method, the intensity values of all brain voxels are ranked from high to low and some of these features are presented to the classifier. However, the location information of the voxels is lost with this method. In this study, a new feature extraction method was presented for use in the classification of fMRI. According to this method, active voxels can be used as features by considering brain maps obtained in three dimensions as slice based. Since the functional MR images have big data sets, the selected features were once again reduced by Principal Component Analysis and the voxel intensity values were presented to the classifiers. As a result; 83.9% classification accuracy was obtained by using kNN classifier with purposed slice-based feature extraction method and it was seen that the slice-based feature extraction method increased the classification.


This paper focuses on one aspect of a wider comparative study of second-generation Greek-Americans, Greek-Germans and British-born Greek Cypriots who have `returned to Greece and Cyprus. We analyse those parts of their life-narratives which refer to childhood visits to their ancestral homes in Greece and Cyprus. In nearly all cases these are memories of idyllic times and spaces of beaches and the sea, of villages and the countryside, and of fine weather and happy times spent with extended families. The key trope running through these memories of childhood visits is freedom: how children were allowed to `roam free until late at night, in contrast to the strict parenting and limited spatial and temporal freedom they experienced in the host country. However, different and sometimes less pleasant memories emerge when the visits took on a different character: for instance, when longer-term stays resulted from children being `sent back to be cared for by relatives, or when the children were older teenagers. In the second part of the paper, connections are made between these childhood times in the `homeland and subsequent decisions, later in life, to return to Greece or Cyprus for a longer term settlement. In general the hypothesis that childhood visits were instrumental in fostering a sense of belonging in the homeland, preparing the way for the adult return, is only partially supported. Returns take place for a whole set of individualised reasons. Returnees find that their semi-permanent settlement in the homeland in early-mid adulthood poses a new set of challenges which contrast markedly with their childhood experiences and memories. Finally, reflecting on their relocation, second-generation returnees frequently remark on the loss of the `authentic nature of the homeland. They highlight the materialism of Greek and Cypriot society nowadays and the impact of recent mass immigration. However, they see the `homeland as a safer locale to raise their own children.


For the ninth year running, NAR and Oxford Journals have provided sponsorship and awarded travel bursaries and prizes to students in recognition of their outstanding achievements. This year, sponsorship and prizes were given at 13 different meetings. A list of the awards is presented below. Our warm congratulations go to the prize winners. Travel Sponsorship IS3NA XXI: International Round Table on Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids (IRT2014) Poznan, Poland 24–28 August 2014 Poster Prizes CRISPR 2014 Berlin, Germany 14–16 May 2014 Alexander Hynes (Université Laval, Québec, Canada) Adaptation in CRISPR-Cas immunity is driven by defective phage 16th Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components Cesky Krumlov, Czech Republic 08–13 June 2014 Dieter Buyst (Ghent University, Belgium) Towards DNA based esterases: uncovering Hoogsteen face regulation of the pKaH of a tethered imidazole functionality by NMR and molecular dynamics Non-coding RNA – From Basic Mechanisms to Cancer Heidelberg, Germany 22–25 June 2014 Debojyoti Chakraborty (Dresden University of Technology, Germany) Systematic dissection of long non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of embryonic stem cell pluripotency 2014 FASEB "Machines on Genes" meeting Snowmass, CO, USA 22–27 June 2014 Erich Chapman (University of Colorado, CO, USA) Xrn1-resistant RNA structures: Wrenches in a machine.


The amendments brought in the selective legislation in 2005-2006, lower interest of the voter to elections, suggest an idea the voter, that his(its) participation in elections unessentially.


The incidence of open fractures of the long bones has ever been increasing, particularly in developing nations owing to road traffic accidents. The young and working segment of population is the most involved. An epidemiology data analysis by Dandona et al on road traffic accidents in India indicated morbidities from road traffic accidents was found to be clustered in pedestrians, motorized two-wheelers and cyclists at 6.4, 6.3, and 5.1/100 persons/year, respectively. Also the annual disability rate was 35.1/100,000. 1


FIGURE 5 Interleukin 6 (IL6) upregulated programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) expression through the mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. A, In TPC1 and BAPCP, the total protein levels of extracellular signal– regulated kinase (ERK), CJun NH(2)– terminal kinase (JNK), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) and serine/threonineprotein kinase (AKT) did not change in response to IL6. However, the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, STAT3 were significantly increased, while the phosphorylation level of AKT was not. Considering that the cell lines and treatments corresponding to each lane were identical, the same reference protein band was accepted in both panels to better visually compare changes in the target proteins relative to the reference protein (total target protein/reference protein, phosphorylated target protein/reference protein, and phosphorylated target protein/total target protein). B, After treatment with U0126 (ERK inhibitor) or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), the IL6– induced total PDL1 protein reduced, and combination of them had a synergistic effect on PDL1 expression. C, Flow cytometry result showed that the membrane PDL1 expression increased after IL6 treatment but decreased after subsequent treatment with U0126 or SP600125. D, The level of PDL1 mRNA in the IL6 group was higher than that in the control group. It was inhibited after treatment with U0126 or SP600125 which worked synergistically. # Indicates p < 0.05. *Indicates p ≥ 0.05.


Background A very weak relationship has been reported between the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients with asthma and their degree of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), evaluated in terms of sensitivity. However, this relationship still has not been sufficiently explored for bronchial reactivity indices. Objectives To analyse the relationship between bronchial reactivity and sensitivity with the HRQL of patients with stable asthma, identifying the functional parameters that determine HRQL. Methods In 103 consecutive patients with stable asthma, HRQL was evaluated using the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). Patients underwent spirometry and non-specific bronchial provocation with methacoline. Sensitivity (PD20) and reactivity (dose–response slope (DRS), continuous index of responsiveness (CIR) and bronchial reactivity index (BRI)) of the dose–response curve were analysed. Results BRI presented significant differences with different degrees of asthma severity. Although patients with AHR showed poorer quality of life than patients without AHR, the AQLQ total score was not related to PD20 but rather to DRS (r=−0.784), CIR (r=−0.712) and BRI (r=−0.776). The indices of bronchial reactivity reached a negative correlation with all the domains of the AQLQ. In a multiple linear regression model, BRI, DRS, FIV1 (forced inspiratory volume in 1 s) and VCIN (inspiratory vital capacity) were identified as independent predictors of the AQLQ total score (r2=0.742, p<0.001). Conclusion In patients with stable asthma, bronchial reactivity is associated with HRQL. This could justify incorporating bronchial reactivity indices in bronchial provocation analyses.


The performance of bonded concrete overlays can be diminished by early age surface cracking and (or) debonding at the interface between old and new concrete. This early age failure can be attributed to the volume changes of the overlay concrete caused by shrinkage and temperature change. An experimental program was conducted to understand the effects of overlay thickness on the early age failure of bonded concrete overlays. A finite element model was developed to assess stress development and debonding behavior due to volume changes for various overlay thicknesses. The experimental measurements and numerical analysis demonstrated that overlay surface cracking and debonding at the interface are interdependent in thin overlays. To prevent premature surface cracking, a minimum overlay thickness should be determined based on the shrinkage and thermal changes of overlay concrete, and construction practices should be selected to mitigate the shrinkage and thermal gradient through the overlay thickness.


AFTER A deathly hush of several months, more information has emerged about nurse consultants. England's chief nurse Yvonne Moores gave a tantalising idea of how the role might develop at a briefing for the nursing press last week. It is clear, for example, that nurse consultants will not be deskbound administrators. There are likely to be several hundred of them, accountable to their directors of nursing and out there at the coalface improving patient care, strengthening clinical leadership and proving that the government has been as good as its word in facilitating the creation of a decent career route for clinical nurses.


Using an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) magnetron sputtering system connected directly to a UHV transmission electron microscope (TEM), we study, in situ, the effect of trace levels of oxygen contamination on the early stages of sintering, coalescence, and morphology. Whereas, nanoparticles produced under clean conditions experience substantial sintering and grain growth upon contact, even at room temperature, particles deliberately exposed to trace amounts of oxygen remain distinct. It therefore appears difficult to form ultraclean nanophase materials, at least for copper, due to rapid sintering. These systematic studies of particle morphology as a function of oxygen exposure shed light on nanoparticle growth mechanisms in the gas phase and thus ways to approach the ideal nanophase material.


Transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon-based nanomaterial has been used as non precious metal catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, bamboo-like carbon nanotubes structured CoFe/N/C electrocatalyst is proved to show much enhanced performance compared with Co/N/C. MIL-53 (Fe) is used as iron source, MIL-53 (Co) is used as cobalt source and ZIF-8 as carbon source. The ball-milling procedure plays a significant role for the distribution of Fe and Co component and the formation of carbon nanotubes, which is believed to enhance the catalytic performance due to abundant electrocatalytic active sites and efficient mass transfer. The as prepared sample obtained by optimized preparation conditions exhibits outstanding ORR activity in acid solution with an onset potential of 0.96 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode), half-wave potential of 0.798 V, and a current density of 0.575m A cm-2 at 0.7 V in a H2-O2 fuel cell test, which provides an ideal viewpoint to develop highly efficient catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction.


An implementation of the relativistic random phase approximation with the proper treatment of the continuum has been developed for the relativistic point coupling model and applied to investigate collective excitations in spherical nuclei. The results are compared with the spectral implementation of the same model. In heavy nuclei, where the escape width is negligible, we find an excellent agreement between both methods in the region of giant resonance and some discrepancies in the region of low‐lying pygmy resonance. The differences are more pronounced in light nuclei due to the larger values of the escape widths.


The landscape of online and virtual universities has been expanding in the Arab world in the past decade. Enrollments are rising steadily, allowing access to higher education for students at home and overseas. As growth continues, more centralization, institution-created content, and quality assurance may be required.


The aim of this  research  is  to know: (1)  the difference  between writing exposition text skills  the group that join the study using the approaching process and the group that join the study without the approaching process, (2)  to test the effectiveness of the usage of approaching process to writing exposition text. This research used  quantitative approach with the kind of research apparent experiment. The research design that is used is pretest-posttest control group.  There  were  two variables; independent variable that is the usage of approaching process and dependent variable that is the ability of the students to write the exposition text. The populations of this research are class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Cisaat, Sukabumi that consist of eight classes, with of two classes; X IPS 1  class  and X IPS 2 class. The sample  is  determined by random cluster sampling technique. Data collection techniques  that used in this study is the test method, which is test text exposition. The validity of the instrument  is  using content validity (expert judgment). Data analysis techniques in this study using t- test. The results showed that there  were differences in the ability  of writing exposition text in the experimental group using a process approach and in the control group without using a process approach. The differences  is shown by the t-test calculation is performed at the end of the test scores between the control group and the experimental group with SPSS 16.0. The results of the t-test score of final test the control and experimental group showed ttable -4657 with 82 df and p 0.000. P scores are less than the significance level of 5%. Moreover, the results also showed that the use of a process approach is effective in teaching writing text exposition, evidenced by the t-test. Calculation of the t-test on the initial test and final test experimental group obtained ttable  -6.304 with df 41 and obtained p value of 0.000. The p-value less than the significance level of 5%  and there is an increase in the experimental group average score is 3.59, which is higher than the increase in average score of 0.21 in the control group. Keywords : effectiveness, approaching process and exposition text writing


The pandemic brought serious consequences on the health of people but also on their economy, which has led to some new business initiatives which not always comply with the tax legislation. The unjustified increase of wealth (UIOW) arises as the legal response to the difference between the wealth that has been considered by a natural person (NP) on the corresponding tax return and the wealth that has been proved to exist by the Tax Administration (TA) but has not been considered on any tax return. In order to apply the UIOW figure it is necessary that such difference lacks of any justification that could prove to the TA that the increase of wealth identified is non-taxable or either that it has already been considered on a previous tax return. As it is evident, the UIOW is a mean provided by the legislation for the TA to fight against tax evasion. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly comprehend which is the fundament for the UIOW to be part of the Peruvian Income Tax Law (PITL). For the current analysis, the legislation, doctrine and jurisprudence have been considered. This has allowed us to conclude that the taxable capacity principle is such fundament since it depends on the factually verified wealth that a certain NP externalizes in order to establish the corresponding taxable consequences, constituted on the present case by the UIOW.


We expose and debate the hypotheses of some Enlightenment philosophers on the origin of architecture. From a naturalist perpective, they sustain that the essence of architectural art is the imitation of nature's true principles. PALABRAS CLAVE | KEYWORDS


An addition of a small amount of non‐solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF) to good solvent water gave rise to a strong solvent power for poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). It was found that PVP coils in mixtures of water and THF first swelled as the fraction of THF was increased, and then the coils contracted after a critical composition of the solvent mixture based on the measurement of dilute solution viscosities. It was reached that the power of the mixed solvents was not the simple average of the power of individual components. The influence of the non‐ideal mixing of water and THF on the power of these mixtures for PVP and the dimensions of PVP coils was taken into account. Especially the formation of pseudo‐clathrate hydrate structure with the composition φ THF ≈ 0.44 was found to be an important factor to change the solvation and dimensions of PVP coils. Some other solvent mixtures for PVP and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were also found to be non‐ideal mixtures. The viscosities of these solvent mixtures could show positive or negative deviation from the values obtained from the addition rule. It was shown again that the influence of the non‐ideality of these solvent mixtures on the dimensions of polymer coils was great. The action of mixed solvents changed the dimension of polymer coils, not only because of excluded volume effects but also because of the different molecular interactions present in these mixed solvents.


Abstract This article argues that Carl Schmitt's political theology is premised on an idealised and totalising vision of the Middle Ages. That is, he casts modern political concepts as debased and corrupt in comparison to the proper politics of the Medieval Church, as he sees it. Drawing on a historically contextualised reading of the Fourth Lateran Council, which took place in 1215, the article's author argues that Schmitt's medieval comparison is much more complicated than he suggests. Schmitt's historical vision is, thus, a wilful projection of unity onto a diverse and distant past.


Objective To assess the prevalence of coronary myocardial bridge in patients underwent diagnostic angiography and its clinical features.Methods We law underwent selective coronary angiography by using Jukins.The myocardial bridge angiography features are short-term,intermittent narrow systole while the diastolic recovery or significantly reduced.This study grouped three according to the narrow degree: ≥ 70%,50% to 70% and 50%.Results Among 3356 cases with coronary angiograms in the Cardiology Department,Suining Central Hospital,138 Patients had myocardial bridge over the left anterior descending arteries.The total prevalence of myocardial bridges was 4.11%.Among these patients,26 suffered from coronary artery disease,6 had valvular heart disease,6 had cardiomyopathy,and 100 had isolated myocardial bridges.Among the patients with isolated myocardial bridge,50 had 70% systolic narrowing of coronary artery 34 had 50% ~ 70%,16 had 50%.Among 100 patients with isolated myocardial bridges,50 had chest pain and 36 had ST-T abnormality in electrocardiogram.Twenty-six patients were showed myocardial hypertrophy by left ventriculogram or echocardiogrm.Conclusions Myocardial bridge could be revealed by Coronary angiography.Coronary myocardial bridge canpexist alone or along with other heart diseases.


THEORETICAL ACCOUNTS ON LEXICAL BORROWING often focus on the demarcation of types of loanwords (e.g. Haugen 1950, Filipovic 1977, Field 2002). Classifications are typically based on (1) objectively defined structural characteristics of the loanword (e.g. morphological adaptation); (2) subjective distinctions serving normative purposes, like the division between the tolerated "necessary" loanwords (i.e. those naming a new concept) and the denounced "luxury" loanwords (i.e. those introduced as alternative lexicalization for an existing concept) (see Onysko & Winter-Froemel forthcoming for discussion). Current QUANTITATIVE CORPUS-BASED ANGLICISM RESEARCH aims at counting the number of English loanwords within the proposed classifications, trying to identify those classes which are most susceptible to foreign influence (e.g. Yang 1990, Nettmann-Multanowska 2003). Typically, the focus is restricted to classifications based on structural characteristics (i.e. the first class presented above). Furthermore, most studies show several methodological shortcomings, which have hitherto remained unaddressed. As such, a fully comprehensive empirical attempt at pin-pointing the locus of foreign influence is still missing. The aim of our paper is twofold. First, we wish to encourage the quantitative perspective in loanword research by presenting ways to clear the recurring methodological hurdles, which we will present below. Second, we wish to open up the theoretical scope of current research by presenting objective operationalizations for the so far neglected distinctions (e.g. luxury vs. necessary loans) and by introducing new conceptual and extra-linguistic features that possibly influence variation in the success of anglicisms.


There are many and serious problems of flowers' names by reason of the history,society and man-made.Inconvenience is made by those problems.The coordinations and unifications has been a burning question.Based on the introduction of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature,it concluded the rules that observed when naming the flowers,then illustrated the problems in some professional books,and raised some advice to prevent the confusions.


A printed circuit board according to the invention the insulating layer; At least one via hole is formed to penetrate the insulating layer; The inner wall of the via hole and formed on at least one surface of the insulating layer in a predetermined pattern, to the size in proportion to the thickness formed in a first electroless corner portions of the predetermined pattern is etched the plate layer; It said first electroless plating a second electroless plated layer formed on the plating layer; And the second is formed on the electroless plating layer, it said first electroplating layer is electroless edge of the etching to a size that is proportional to the thickness of the plating layer; characterized in that it comprises a. A printed circuit board, an electroless copper plating and electrolytic copper plating, via-hole


A serial sectioning procedure was carried out on a shot-peened 12Cr martensitic stainless steel to determine the location of fatigue crack initiation sites from pits of varying depth. Multiple cracks, including fully-developed cracks (surface-breaking cracks extending beyond the pit base) and non-fully-developed cracks, were observed for pits of depth greater than 70 µm. If the longest crack at each side of the pit was assumed to be the "dominant" crack, most "dominant" cracks did not initiate near the pit base despite a propensity for macro-stress and strain localisation to the pit base.


This paper investigates the effect of exchange rate volatility on US-UK bilateral trade flows. As part of econometric problems arising from a generated variable, we consider a special case when an ARCH type auxiliary model is used to measure uncertainty in the exchange rate and discuss a procedure for the correct inference of the OLS estimates of the primary equation in the second stage, which includes the generated variable. By applying this two-step approach, we find a statistically significant, negative impact of exchange rate uncertainty on US imports from the United Kingdom


In this paper,the electronic controller design method of based on pulse-width modulation(PWM).The controller circuit is mainly made by SG3525,LM2917 and TLP250.Using the SG3525 PWM controlling fuction,it controls the swirl retarder's strength by adjusting the driven pulse width duty cycle,and achieves the low speed limit braking fuction by the LM2917 voltage frequency conversion fuction.the control system has the feature that the strength of braking increases with increasing the bake stall.It may provide eddy current retarder's the most 1195W braking power contantly,and 5km/h low-speed limited.And the system is experimental,experimental data are given at last.


Intracranial pressure (ICP) is a critical biomarker measured invasively with the risk of complications. There is a need for non-invasive methods to estimate ICP. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) allows the non-invasive measurement of pulsatile, microvascular cerebral blood flow which contains information about ICP. Recently, our proof-of-concept study used machine-learning to deduce ICP from DCS signals to estimate ICP resulting in excellent linearity and a reasonable accuracy (±4 mmHg). Here, we extend to a multi-center (three centers) data set of adults with acute brain injury (N=34). We will present the results from the complete data set as new data flows in.


The denitrification rate of bacteria indigenous to aquifers with different nitrate concentrations was investigated. The objective was to test how high nitrate loads affect community composition and select for enhanced nitrate reduction rates among denitrifying strains. Groundwater bacteria were isolated from two aquifers with high in situ concentrations of nitrate (24.1 and 35.2 mg NO3−-N 1−1) and one aquifer with a lower in situ concentration (6.3 mg NO3−-N 1−1). The isolates were characterized with respect to 15 colony and cell morphological and 8 physiological features. The frequency of heterotrophic denitrifiers of all isolated strains was 45–50% in the nitrate contaminated aquifers compared to slightly more than 20% in the uncontaminated aquifer. Kinetics of nitrate reduction were measured by using progress curves ot nitrous oxide production. Bacterial respiration was measured to determine whether proposed differences in denitrification rates were due to differences in carbon utilization. Strains from the aquifers with enhanced nitrate concentrations showed shorter lag periods and higher growth rates than strains from the aquifer with low nitrate concentration. Denitrification rates for unamended incubations varied between 0.10 and 0.42 ml cells−1 day−1 and between 0.42 and 2.10 ml cells−1 day−1 for the glucose amended incubations. The average denitrification rate for the strains from the contaminated sites was 2-fold higher than for the strains from the uncontaminated site, and glucose amendment increased the difference to 2.5-fold. The differences in rates were not explained by differences in carbon utilization. The strains from the contaminated sites reduced more nitrate per unit of carbon dioxide produced than the strains from the uncontaminated aquifer. This suggests that strains in soils which have been heavily N-fertilized may have developed denitrification reductases with optimum activities at high in situ concentrations of nitrate.


Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Zhong Zheng Name of the doctoral dissertation Statistical Analysis of Cascaded Multipath Fading Channels Publisher School of Electrical Engineering Unit Department of Communications and Networking Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 209/2015 Field of research Communications Engineering Manuscript submitted 8 May 2015 Date of the defence 17 December 2015 Permission to publish granted (date) 13 November 2015 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Abstract In cellular communication systems, one of the prominent impairments due to the wireless channel is the multipath fading. In this thesis, we study the multipath effects, particularly in the so-called cascaded fading channels. These channel models are useful when characterizing the indoor signal propagation, time-reversal transmission, and the rank deficiency due to insufficient scattering in multiantenna communications.In cellular communication systems, one of the prominent impairments due to the wireless channel is the multipath fading. In this thesis, we study the multipath effects, particularly in the so-called cascaded fading channels. These channel models are useful when characterizing the indoor signal propagation, time-reversal transmission, and the rank deficiency due to insufficient scattering in multiantenna communications. Thesis focuses on the statistical performance metrics of wireless systems. More precisely, in single-antenna transmission, we analyze the received signal distribution via moment-based approximation in presence of correlated cascaded channels. Using these results, the impact of channel correlation and number of scatterers are investigated for the cascaded Nakagami-m channels. Furthermore, the signal distribution of the cascaded Rician channel is used to construct a test statistics for a blind time-reversal detector. In the presence of a point target embedded in the multipath scattering, we show by Monte Carlo simulation that the proposed detector outperforms the existing detectors. In multi-antenna communications framework we consider information theoretic limits for the cascaded Rayleigh MIMO channels. In the ergodic channel, we obtain a lower bound for the ergodic mutual information and deduce a rate scaling law using a recent result from the random matrix theory. For the non-ergodic channel, we study the outage probability by establishing the central limit theorem for the linear spectral statistics of the channel matrices. This result also motivates us to construct a simple approximation for the fundamental tradeoff between diversity gain and multiplexing gain of the MIMO channel at realistic SNR levels.


A high density grating wavelength division multiplexer whose working wavelength is 1.536 - 1.564 micrometers for eight channels spaced 4 nm using binary optical microlenses is reported. The optimal binary optical microlenses is designed and its diffraction far field is analyzed using phase balance design method and the accumulating integral method. The coupling efficiency and the fundamental mode proportion in the receiving fiber are calculated.


Abstract Background The 2017–2018 influenza season had the highest rates of influenza hospitalizations since the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. We used data from the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) to identify unique characteristics of the 2017–2018 season. Methods We included all patients residing within a FluSurv-NET catchment area, and hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza during 2017–2018. We used multiple imputation, including age, surveillance site, and month of hospital admission as predictors, to impute influenza A subtype for 40–64% of cases across seasons with an unknown subtype. We calculated influenza hospitalization rates by type/subtype per 100,000 population. We compared 2017–2018 rates to rates during 4 prior seasons: 2016–2017, 2015–2016, 2014–2015, and 2013–2014. Results The overall unadjusted hospitalization rates per 100,000 population varied from 31.5 during 2015–2016 to 105.1 during 2017–2018. After imputing A subtype, the 2017–2018 season had the highest rates observed for H3N2 (62.8) and B (28.5) than in any previous season, and the third highest rate of H1N1 (13.5) (Figure 1A). During 2017–2018, rates in adult ≥65 years peaked 3 weeks before they peaked in children 0–4 years. In contrast, during the four prior seasons, rates in adults ≥65 years peaked during the same week or 1 week after they peaked in children 0–4 years. During 2017–2018, the distribution of influenza type/subtypes varied significantly by age group (P < 0.0001); for example, the proportion of cases with H1N1 ranged from 19 to 29% in those <65 years to only 7% in those ≥65 years. During 2017–2018, H1N1 (the nonpredominant A virus) contributed >25% of A cases across all age groups (except ≥65 years) vs. all prior seasons where the nonpredominant A virus contributed <10% of A cases across all age groups (except ≥65 years) (Figure 1B–F). Conclusions Several unique characteristics may have contributed to the high hospitalization rates observed during 2017–2018. Rates in older adults, who were predominantly infected with H3N2, peaked several weeks prior to children in contrast to prior seasons. Higher overall rates of H3N2 and B were observed in 2017–2018 compared with these prior seasons and substantial H1N1 co-circulation also occurred with marked variability by age group. Disclosures E. J. Anderson, NovaVax: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Pfizer: Grant Investigator, Research grant. AbbVie: Consultant, Consulting fee. MedImmune: Investigator, Research support. PaxVax: Investigator, Research support. Micron: Investigator, Research support. H. K. Talbot, Sanofi Pasteur: Investigator, Research grant. Gilead: Investigator, Research grant. MedImmune: Investigator, Research grant. Vaxinnate: Safety Board, none. Seqirus: Safety Board, none.


At normal blood glucose concentrations (4.4–6.1 mM), glucose in fluid lining the human airways is < 0.5mM, implying a role for active transport of glucose out of the airway lumen. Glucose transport can occur via the GLUT (facilitative transport) or SGLT (sodium/glucose co‐transport) transporters. The aim of this study was to compare the glucose uptake via GLUT and SGLT both in the human airway epithelial cell line (H441) and primary culture of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) maintained in 5mM glucose by the use of 1mM phloretin (PT)‐GLUT inhibitor or 0.5mM phlorizin (PZ)‐SGLT inhibitor. Uptake was measured by adding 3H‐glucose for 10 minutes in confluent culture of cells. In non‐polarised cells glucose uptake was 25.8 ± 0.2 nmol/mg protein for H441 and lower in HBEC 1.7 ± 0.4 nmol/mg protein. Uptake in both cell types was inhibited by PT to 3.6 ± 0.3 nmol/g protein in H441 (n = 6; p < 0.05) and 0.7 ± 0.1 nmol/mg protein in HBEC (n = 6; p < 0.05) but not by PZ. Apical and basolateral glucose uptake in polarised H441 cells grown at air interface were inhibited by PT and PZ. Basolateral glucose uptake in HBECs was also reduced by PT and PZ but apical uptake was only inhibited when PT and PZ were applied together. Our results demonstrate that both GLUT and SGLT mediated transport could be responsible for regulating glucose in human airway fluid.


This study attempts to influence brand image , promotion and distribution of loyalty consumers .The population of the research is Depok resident who use motorbikes brand Honda Beat with sample as many as 100 respondents , the kind of research is explain research using a questionnaire and analysis techniques data using regression multiple .The results showed that brand image have influence it and significant of loyalty consumers. The promotion have influence and significant of loyalty consumers . Distribution  having influence positive and significantly to loyalty consumers  Keywords: brand image , promotion , distribution , loyalty consumers


A number of bands of MgO have been observed in the region 2500-2800 AA in emission from a d.c. arc between magnesium electrodes in an atmosphere of oxygen at low pressure. A detailed fine structure analysis of one of the bands at 37683.5 cm-1 (band origin) shows that the band arises due to an electronic transition from a new excited state designated as E 1 Sigma to the well known state X 1 Sigma of MgO. The band is very likely the 0-0 band. The rotational constants of the new state E1 Sigma are B0=0.5249 cm-1 D0=1.14*10-6 cm-1. A number of perturbations have been observed in the rotational structure of the band.


This paper proposes a two-level fusion strategy for audio-visual biometric authentication. Specifically, fusion is performed at two levels: intramodal and intermodal. In intramodal fusion, the scores of multiple samples (e.g. utterances or video shots) obtained from the same modality are linearly combined, where the combination weights depend on the difference between the score values and a client-dependent reference score obtained during enrollment. This is followed by intermodal fusion in which the means of intramodal fused scores obtained from different modalities are either linearly combined or fused by a support vector machine (SVM). Experimental results based on the XM2VTSDB corpus show that intramodal and intermodal fusion are complementary to each other and that SVM-based intermodal fusion is superior to linear combination.


From the Center for Public Health Genomics (P.C., S.S.R.) and the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.C.) and Public Health Sciences (S.S.R.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and the Diabetes Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle (G.T.N.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Concannon at the Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, or at email@example.com.


Objective: To investigate the application of a modified palatophargneous flap(MPF) operation in the correction of velopharyngeal incompetence(VPI).Methods: 25 patients with VPI were included in this study.MPF technique was used to correct the VPI.Results: The results showed that the lateral to lateral connection and the high attachment of the palotopharyngeal flaps could form a new volopharymgeal port that was easily closed by velar movement.The surgical result was satisfactory,as revealed by the speech intelligibility test and nasopharyngoscopy.Conclusion: MPF technique is a good method for correction of VPI with low risk,no complications,easily opereation and reliabe efficiency.


The invention relates to an upright fire ladder. A pin seat is fixedly arranged on a base, a rotating pin connects the pin seat and a movable seat, and an angle between the base and the movable seat is locked by virtue of a locking screw; an inner taper hole of the movable seat or an inner taper hole of a stand column body is matched with the outer tapered surface of the stand column body so as to be fixed; the inner taper hole is matched with a position locking pin by virtue of a locking groove in a locking rod after being matched with the outer tapered surface so as to automatically lock the well-fit inner tapered surface and outer tapered surface; a pedal is fixedly arranged on the surface of the stand column body, the pedal is provided with antiskid adhesive, and another antiskid adhesive is stuck to the lower surface of the movable seat. The upright fire ladder is simple in structure and convenient to manufacture, assemble and use, and a tool is not required in the assembling and dismounting process during the use of the ladder; after the upright fire ladder is adopted, the difficulty for vertically climbing and standing of firemen can be solved, the upright fire ladder is fast, convenient, safe and reliable to assemble during the climbing and is convenient to climb; after the upright fire ladder is used, the upright fire ladder is convenient to dismount, package and transport, and the production cost and the application cost can be reduced.


In 2005, the Network of Alabama Academic Libraries launched AlabamaMosaic: a consortial collection of Alabama cultural heritage materials digitized by 21 member partners. At present, all partners use OCLC's CONTENTdm content management system (CMS) software for their AlabamaMosaic collections, and the project uses OCLC's Multi-Site Server (MSS) software to index these. Recently, partner institutions have been exploring alternative CMS software for their digital collections. But these non-CONTENTdm collections cannot be included in AlabamaMosaic if the project is using the MSS indexing software.


AbstractThe mechanisms for El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude change under global warming are investigated through quantitative assessment of air–sea feedback processes in present-day and future climate simulations of four models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Two models (MPI-ESM-MR and MRI-CGCM3) project strengthened ENSO amplitude, whereas the other two models (CCSM4 and FGOALS-g2) project weakened ENSO amplitude. A mixed layer heat budget diagnosis shows that the major cause of the projected ENSO amplitude difference between the two groups is attributed to the changes of the thermocline and zonal advective feedbacks. A weaker (stronger) equatorial thermocline response to a unit anomalous zonal wind stress forcing in the Nino-4 region is found in CCSM4 and FGOALS-g2 (MPI-ESM-MR and MRI-CGCM3). The cause of the different response arises from the change in the meridional scale of ENSO. A narrower (wider) meridional width of sea surface temperature...


The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) published a Federal Register Notice on May 14, 2010 (75 FR 27288) in which it announced the forthcoming implementation of new performance standards for the pathogenic microorganisms Salmonella and Campylobacter for chilled carcasses in young chicken (broiler) and turkey slaughter establishments. The new performance standards were developed in response to a charge from the President's Food Safety Working Group and based on recent FSIS Nationwide Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Programs. The standards will be applied to sample sets collected and analyzed by the Agency to evaluate establishment performance with respect to requirements of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) Rule. The Agency received detailed comments submitted in response to the notice. This notice responds to those comments submitted and explains the changes adopted by the Agency after carefully evaluating comments. These changes include:


Sin is a concept that atheists and secular humanists reject. They do not acknowledge any fault before a God they do not recognize so they embrace an arrogance that perverts all they do, perverts their relationships to others, and allows them to proceed through life with a little caution in much that they do.


Objective of this study was to report Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of histologically confirmed paranasal sinus tumors and surgical outcomes. Totally 17 dogs and 3 cats were included in the study. Medical records of dogs and cats which were presented between January 2008 and November 2015 due to paranasal sinus tumors were reviewed. Dogs and cats were included if they have full clinical findings, diagnosed by MRI, confirmed histologically, and treated just surgically. Collected data for sex, breed, age, tumor stage, localisation, surgical outcomes, histological diagnosis, survival time and cause of death were included. Soft tissue mass within the nasal cavity replacing the nasal conchae and/or ethmoturbinates and mass invading to the frontal sinuses were determined in 80% (n=16) of the cases in MRI. Nasal and/or frontal bones were destructed in 65% (n=13) of the cases. In 7 dogs bone flap was created to expose and remove the tumor, and the flap was replaced wired after operation. In 10 dogs and 3 cats frontal and/or nasal bone was involved by the tumor, and closure of the defects was carried out with PMMA and wire. In this case series 50% of the tumors were sarcomas, and it was followed by adenocarcinoma (20%) and neuroesthesioblastoma (15%) in decreased rates. Dedicated MRI examination is crucial for diagnosis of paranasal sinus tumors, and surgical intervention as sole treatments looks acceptable for providing better quality of life for certain time.


Website operators engaged in cross-border e-commerce need to know the geographical location of those who visit their websites in order to comply with some current tax schemes. The literature discussing the technical feasibility of gaining such knowledge has so far largely overlooked the availability of so-called geoidentification. Against that background, this article examines the extent to which website operators engaged in crossborder e-commerce can rely on geo-identification as a means of ensuring compliance with tax law. This journal article is available in Revenue Law Journal: http://epublications.bond.edu.au/rlj/vol17/iss1/11 E‐COMMERCE TAX: HOW THE TAXMAN BROUGHT GEOGRAPHY TO THE 'BORDERLESS' INTERNET DR DAN JERKER B. SVANTESSON∗∗ Website operators engaged in cross-border e-commerce need to know the geographical location of those who visit their websites in order to comply with some current tax schemes. The literature discussing the technical feasibility of gaining such knowledge has so far largely overlooked the availability of so-called geo-identification. Against that background, this article examines the extent to which website operators engaged in crossborder e-commerce can rely on geo-identification as a means of ensuring compliance with tax law.


Abstract Thelotremoid lichens (Ostropales, Ascomycota) with a trentepohlioid photobiont in Tierra del Fuego, the Falkland Islands, the South Island of New Zealand, and subpolar islands of the southern Hemisphere are studied. Twenty-five species are accepted, with three species described as new to science: Melanotopelia blepharostoma Lumbsch & Divakar, Topeliopsis athallina Lumbsch & Mangold and Topeliopsis patagonica Mangold & Lumbsch. The new combination Topeliopsis novae-zelandiae (Szatala) Lumbsch & Mangold is proposed.


Antigen transformation of strains which have antigenic structure of subgroup E3 was performed with 0-15 and 0-34 antisera. The 0-15 antiserum transformed 0-(3). (15). 34 into 0-3.10, and the 0-34 antiserum transformed 0-(3), (15). 34 into 0-3.15. It was further found that when these variants were infected with the respective phage (e15 or e34) they were lysogenized and the original antigenic structures were restored.Considering the results in reports 1 and 2, the antigen transformation by two kinds of phage from 0-3.10 into 0-3.15 and from 0-3.15 into 0-(3). (15). 34 can not be explained by spontaneous mutation selection. And further, comparative investigation of various phenomena respectively indicated by the names of transformation, recombination and transduction, leads us to consider that antigen transforming factor is the bacteriophage itself.Though e15 and e34 are unrelated either biochemically or serologically, they are dependent each other as the antigen transforming factor. Namely, e34 can transform antigenic structure of subgroup E2 into that of subgroup E3, and those of E1 and E4 into that of E3, not directly but twostops-wise by the intermediation of e15.Strains having the antigenic structure of subgroup E3 is doubly lysogenic bacterium, and the prophages of e15 and e34 which are contained in the cell seem to govern the production of antigen 0-15 and 0-34, respectively.


Searching for the majority of marketed publication or reading resource in the world? We give them all in format kind as word, txt, kindle, pdf, zip, rar and ppt. among them is this qualified love in the ruins the adventures of a bad catholic at a time near the end of the world that has actually been written by Still perplexed how you can get it? Well, simply check out online or download by signing up in our website below. Click them.


Although materialist analyses have critiqued the institutionalization of postcolonial studies and its emergence in global capitalism, only few have addressed the role of creative writing in standardizing migrant novelistic production to what Mark McGurl has designated as 'program fiction' whose trademark is the practice of "involuted self-reference". In filling this gap, this paper looks into Gina Apostol's writings and their reception by international audiences as exemplary of the cultural capital of program fiction. While Apostol's autofictions/ficto-criticism points to the influence of creative writing in her novels — she studied under John Barth in the MFA program in Johns Hopkins University, this context is overlooked when metropolitan readers construe her work as postcolonial literature. I argue that Apostol's textualist renderings of Philippine history is an act of ventriloquism whose metropolitan success is a symptom of the auratic authority of postcolonial studies in the First world literary marketplace.


This vital resource is devoted to providing nonpartisan, objective analysis of the national debt, including leading drivers of the debt, the budgetary process, and claims and counter-claims about national debt benefits and drawbacks.
 This indispensable resource provides readers with a clear and unbiased understanding of the national debt and its relationship to the U.S. economic system. The book addresses the foundations and major elements of America's budgetary process, details how government taxing and spending priorities impact the nation's debt, explains the difference between deficits and debt, and summarizes dominant conservative and liberal economic perspectives on the national debt and related fiscal issues.
 Utilizing authoritative resources and accessible, lay-friendly terminology, this book punctures popular myths and misconceptions about the national debt. But it also shines a light on the numerous economic, social, and political drivers of our national conversation about the debt—and the ways in which the national debt is likely to influence the lives of future generations of Americans. At a time when American political discourse often descends into fact-free zones of wishful thinking and deceptive claims, this book provides information for readers to truly understand the national debt.


The article represents the empirical research results on self-identification of Mongolian and Russian adolescents. The research hypothesis is the assumption that there are culturally determined differences in the structure and content of the components of Mongolian and Russian adolescents' personal and social identities. The sample of subjects consists of 185 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years (94 adolescents living in the city of Khovd (Western Mongolia) and 91 adolescents living in Biysk (Altai Region). The main research method is a non-standardized test of M. Kuhn, T. McPartland "The Twenty Statements Test". Statistically significant differences in the content components of identity are obtained, which are determined by the respondents' nationality and gender. On the basis of the hierarchical cluster analysis, the self-description content and structural differences in the adolescents of different nationalities are distinguished.


the required incubation period shall submit a written proposal to the area supervisor. Such a proposal shall include provisions that will assure that shipped product will not reach the retail level of distribution before sample incubation is completed and that product can be returned promptly to the establishment should such action be deemed necessary by the incubation test results. Upon receipt of written approval from the area supervisor, product may be routinely shipped provided the establishment continues to comply with all requirements of this subpart. (2) Container condition—(i) Normal containers. Only normal-appearing containers shall be shipped from an establishment as determined by an appropriate sampling plan or other means acceptable to Program employees. (ii) Abnormal containers. When abnormal containers are detected by any means other than incubation, the establishment shall inform the inspector, and the affected code lot(s) shall not be shipped until the Program has determined that the product is safe and stable. Such a determination will take into account the cause and level of abnormals in the affected lot(s) as well as any product disposition actions either taken or proposed by the establishment.


Based on enzyme sequence information and predicted secondary structure information as feature parameters, by using support vector machine (SVM), a novel method for identifying the ¦Â-hairpin motifs in enzymes is proposed. The method is trained and tested on an enzymes database of 4030 ¦Â-hairpins and 1780 non-¦Â-hairpins. For training dataset in 5-fold cross-validation, the overall accuracy is 91.00%, Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) is 0.79, and for testing dataset in independent test, the overall accuracy is 88.93%, MCC is 0.76. In addition, this method has been further used to predict 1345 ¦Â-hairpins which contain ligand binding sites. For training dataset in 5-fold cross-validation and for testing dataset in independent test, the overall accuracy reach 89.28% and 88.79%, MCC are 0.77 and 0.74, respectively.