An integral solution to the wave equation in an inhomogeneous half-space is used to derive the time-dependent pressure variation in the neighborhood of a first focus. Theoretically calculated signals are compared with barograph records. Conclusions are: (1) The curve of maximum peak-to-peak pressure versus distance is bell shaped; the dome of the bell is located on the far side of the caustic. (2) Width of the bell is proportional to the 2/9 power of the energy released to the atmosphere. (3) Height of the dome is proportional to the 5/18 power of the energy release. (4) The signal wave shape is quite sensitive to position near the caustic: on the near side the signal consists of a single long smooth wave; at the caustic the wave steepens into a spike followed by a dip; on the far side the signal divides into two separate portions, a relatively smooth wave followed by a period of silence followed by a wave containing a spike. (5) Close correlation between theoretical and observed signals is unlikely for a single event at a single recording station. (6) The theoretical focus is narrower and more intense than that experimentally observed.


The ability of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to be compressed is directly affected by its mechanical properties, such as flowability and tabletability. Dexibuprofen (DXI) with poor mechanical properties has improved its flowability and tabletability by co-crystal formation with caffeine (CAF) using ultrasound assisted co-crystallization (USSC) method in chloroform solvent. The characterization of the co-crystal formation included crystal morphology, powder X-ray diffractogram, and thermal behavior.  The mechanical properties testing including flowability (compressibility index) and tabletability (tensile strength and elastic recovery) were conducted on DXI-CAF co-crystal and pure DXI. The tabletability test was conducted at 10 to 60 kg/cm2 of compression force. The characterization results show that the USSC result has a unique crystal habit, diffractogram, melting point that is different from pure DXI, and this indicates the formation of DXI-CAF co-crystal. The DXI-CAF co-crystal compressibility index was in the good category, while pure DXI was in the poor category. The maximum tensile strength value of the DXI-CAF co-crystal was 1.526 MPa achieved at a compression force of 50 kg/cm2, whilst the maximum tensile strength value of pure DXI was only 0.853 MPa achieved at a compression force of 20 kg/cm2. The elastic recovery curve showed the percentage of elastic recovery of DXI-CAF co-crystal was better than pure DXI. It can be concluded that the co-crystal formation of DXI-CAF by the USSC method was able to improve the mechanical properties (flowability and tabletability) of dexibuprofen.Keywords: dexibuprofen, caffeine, ultrasound assisted co-crystallization, tensile strength, elastic recovery


The management and capacity building of Liao River Protected Area could be reinforced by demarcation,setting up fences,signs and billboards;and construction of water quality and ecological monitoring sites in the key areas;and establishment of the protected area comprehensive management platform and warning system.Thus a sound monitoring and supervision network is formed,and the infrastructure facilities are improved.Meanwhile,the public need to be engaged in the conservation of the "mother river".


Discipline is something that is related to self-control of the form of rules by obeying the rules around. Discipline is a process or practice which of course individuals must experience or go through the process. Discipline is also shaped and developed through practice and education so that awareness and confidence in him are formed to do without coercion. In fact there are still many students who do not obey the rules that apply in school. That happens because the existence of students who are lazy learning because learning is not necessary and there are still students who are still not sure about the abilities possessed by him. This study aims to (1) describe students' self-efficacy, (2) describe student learning discipline, (3) test the significance of the relationship between self-efficacy and student learning discipline. This study uses a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The research sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The sample of this study was 155 students of SMK Negeri 10 Padang. The instruments used were (1) questionnaire selfefficacy, (2) student learning discipline. Questionnaire in this study uses a Likert scale model. Data analysis techniques used descriptive and correlational analysis techniques using computer program assistance Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 20.0. The research findings show that (1) student self-efficacy is in the high category, (2) student learning discipline is in the discipline category, (3) there is a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and student learning discipline with a correlation coefficient of 0.403 and a significant level 0,000.


The roots of Kudzu (Pueraria lobata Ohwi) are known as a Chinese medicine (Kakkon), and the starch of the roots is used as food. Although Kudzu is a popular plant in Japan, only a little amount is utilized nowadays, and it is regarded rather as a weed because of its violent propagation. Niio showed that the leaves of Kudzu could be a good substitute for tobacco.1) However, the chemical composition of the essential oil has not been examined yet. In this study we investigated the constituents of an essential oil of Kudzu to evaluate the oil as a tobacco additive. Four carotenoid-related compounds were identified in the essential oil of Kudzu leaves harvested in autumn. These compounds have also been identified in the es sential oil of tobacco leaves, and considered to play an important role for the flavor of tobacco .2,3) Damasce none is also famous as the main fragrance component of rose flowers4) Kudzu leaves (10.6 kg) were collected in Yokohama in November, 1976. The leaves were cut (3•~15 cm) and steam-distilled. The distillate was extracted with ether and the ether extract was concentrated to give an essential oil (1.25g, yield; 0.012%). The oil was applied to a silica gel column (4•~20 cm) and eluted stepwise with 600 ml of chloroform, 100 ml of each of the following chloroform-ethyl acetate mixtures, 98: 2, 95: 5, 90: 10, 80: 20, 50: 50, 0:100 and finally with 250 ml of methanol. Fifty ml of fractions were col lected (Fractions 1•`29). The constituents were iso lated from the fractions by means of high speed liquid chromatography (HSLC) and preparative GLC. The isolated compounds were identified spectroscopically and by direct comparison with authentic materials. A Shimadzu GC-5A gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector was employed for the analytical work. Two glass columns (2 m•~3 mm)


This review summarizes the reaction, biological and pharmacological importance and synthetic method of isoxazole, and summarizes some recent development on their derivatives such as chalcone etc., isoxazole is an azole with an oxygen atom next to the nitrogen. The substituted isoxazoles have been reported to exhibit broad range of biological activities such as antimicrobial activity, analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, CNS activity, antitubercular activity, and some miscellaneous activity.


Recent advances in the design of all reflective integral field units have led engineers to look for new techniques to manufacture monolithic mirror arrays for use in such instruments. One such design is being developed at the UKATC for use on the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on the James Webb Space telescope. The MIRI instrument will contain four integral field units with image slicer and re-imaging mirror arrays manufactured at Cranfield University. The mirror arrays have been designed with particular attention to the requirements of precision machining and subsequent metrology. The philosophy of "design for manufacture" has led to the production of mirror arrays with unrivalled levels of accuracy. Initially, this paper will describe the opto-mechanical design of the mirror arrays. The paper will then discuss the diamond turning manufacturing technique specially developed to machine these complex components. The paper will also describe the precision metrology capability developed specifically for the MIRI project that is used to accurately measure mirror locations and surface form errors. Finally, the paper will present the results obtained so far for the mirror arrays being prepared for the IFU verification model and prototype.


China is one of the countries with high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It is estimated that approximately 100 million people in China are infected with HBV. We aimed to review the prevalence of HBV in Chinese blood donors. With the search term of '(hepatitis b virus) and (prevalence or epidemiology) and (blood donors) and (Chinese)', we searched PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) and CNKI (http://www.cnki.net/) for literature in English and Chinese, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Chinese general population has declined from 9·75% in 1992 to 7·18% in 2006, as a consequence of implementation of nationwide universal neonatal HBV vaccination. The prevalence of HBsAg in blood donors is about 0·49–1·56% by enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) after predonation screening with HBsAg rapid strip test and health consultation, which is significantly lower than that in the general population. HBV DNA is detected by nucleic acid tests (NATs) at a rate of 0·01–0·11% among HBsAg‐negative blood donors, which is identified mostly as occult HBV infection (OBI). The prevalence of HBV in Chinese blood donors is about 1%. In contrast to countries with low HBV prevalence, anti‐HBc testing cannot be applied to routine screening of HBV infection because the high anti‐HBc prevalence in Chinese blood donors would lead to unacceptably high donor deferral. Therefore, to further reduce transfusion transmission of HBV, it is of great necessity to apply highly sensitive NAT to test HBV DNA in Chinese blood donors.


Weight loss, reduction of tensile strength, and carbon dioxide evolution indicate that polybutene film-mulch, partially photodegraded by sunlight, is slowly degraded and mineralized by microorganisms in soil. As judged by weight loss, no biodegradation of film-mulch previously unexposed to sunlight occurred under similar conditions, although tensile strength eventually declined. These findings are consistent with the theory that free radical reactions promoted by sunlight create short polybutene chains with polar end and side groups that are susceptible to subsequent microbial attack. No microbial growth on the partially photodegraded polybutene film as a sole source of carbon could be demonstrated, and degradation is believed to occur by cometabolism. Controlled photodegradation and subsequent biodegradation lead to postharvest disintegration and recycling of the film-mulch, thus eliminating an environmental pollution problem without costly collection and disposal processes.


In this letter, a general method will be given whereby the inverse Routh-Hurwitz array may be constructed. This gives a solution to the inverse stability problem as first posed by Jarominek.


In 2005, an investigation conducted on three nanoscale attrition millers in Taiwan revealed that all three had undergone metal nanopowder explosions in the past. This research was aimed at determining the relationships between the particle diameter of an aluminum nanopowder and its maximum explosion pressure (P(subscript max)), maximum rate of pressure rise ((dP/dt) (subscript max)), minimum explosion concentration (MEC), and minimum ignition energy (MIE) by 20 liter apparatus and 1.2-L Hartmann apparatus. The results revealed that 35-nm aluminum powder has a P(subscript max) of 7.3 bar and deflagaration index (KSt) of 349 bar•m/s, in 100-nm aluminum powder, P(subscript max) of 12.5 bar and KSt of 296 bar•m/s and 40-μm aluminum powder, P(subscript max) of 5.9 bar and KSt of 77 bar•m/s. The value of (dP/dt) (subscript max) for the 35-nm aluminum powder is 4.5 times that for the 40-μm aluminum powder. The 35-nm, 100-nm, and 40-μm powders have MEC values of 40, 50, and 35 g/m^3, respectively. The 35-nm and 100-nm powders both have MIEs less than 1 mJ, while the 40-μm powder has an MIE of 59.7 mJ.


The response of soil microbial diversity to long-term fertilization is still not well understood in the context of different soil types. The purpose of this research was to reveal the impact of fertilization systems on soil parameters and life activity of the main taxonomic and physiological groups of microorganisms responsible for nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus transformation. Reported results were obtained in the course of a 55-year-long experiment on fertilization of sod-podzolic soil in a grain-flax-potato crop rotation. Soil sampling was conducted within a 0–20 cm depth in five sites: without fertilizer (C); organic fertilization system, manure (O1FS); mineral fertilization system, NPK (MFS); organic-mineral fertilization system, manure + NPK (O1MFS); and organic-mineral fertilization system, siderate + NPK (O2MFS). Long-term use of various fertilization systems has led to changes in the soil properties. Bacteria dominated the microbial community in all examined areas. Soil fertilization supported bacteria development in all variants, except for MFS, and negatively affected the micromycetes content. A strong relationship between the change of the main soil indicators and the number of microorganisms from the main taxonomic groups was found between the soil pH KCl and the number of micromycetes. The O1FS option had the most beneficial effect on the development of soil nitrifiers and denitrifiers. The O1MFS fertilization system was the most favorable for the development of non-symbiotic anaerobic nitrogen-fixing, cellulose-degrading and phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms. In turn, the least favorable conditions for the development of physiological groups of microorganisms were found in cases of continuous use of mineral fertilizers.


Abstract When incubated with rumen fluid under suitable conditions, methionine hydroxy analog, calcium acts like methionine in preventing inhibition of cellulose digestion by ethionine and in forming methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide. When inocula were from an animal receiving only cellulose, corn starch, urea, and water, cellulose digestion in vitro was depressed but less in the presence of methionine than in its absence. In all of these reactions, methionine appeared to function more effectively than did the methionine hydroxy analog. When methionine- 14 C was incubated with rumen fluid, radioactivity was detected in methionine, methionine sulfoxide, carbon dioxide, mercaptan (presumably methanethiol), and protein.


Spacecraft measurements made at three comets (P1/Halley, 21P/Giacobini Zinner and 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup) indicated that, in each of these environments, cometary ions were accelerated significantly above their highest available pickup energies. Energy spectra obtained aboard the Giotto spacecraft by the energetic particle analyzer (EPONA) at 1P/Halley and at 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup, supplemented by data from the onboard Implanted Ion Sensor (IIS) indicate that the mean free path corresponding to random scattering by Alfven waves was of the order of 30 ion gyroradii upstream of the bow shock. This result implies that, at this location, energy diffusion was weak. It is shown using Giotto data that, close to the inbound and outbound shock surfaces of 1P/Halley and 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup the most likely candidates for accelerating ions above their pickup energies was compressive shock acceleration supplemented by transit time damping.


We investigated the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) -2, -4 and -6 during fracture healing of mouse tibiae by in situ hybridization (ISH). Twelve-week-old male BALB/c mice were operated on to make a closed fracture on the proximal tibiae. On days 4, 7 and 14 after the operation, the fractured bones were excised, fixed with 4% PFA and decalcified with 20% EDTA to prepare 5-μm sections. For ISH we employed digoxigenin (DIG) labeled single-stranded DNA probes specific to BMP-2, -4 and -6 generated by uni-directional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with antisense primer alone. On days 4-14 after fracture, BMP-2 signals were predominantly expressed in proliferating-hypertrophic chondrocytes and in osteoblasts on the surface of the marginal woven bone. Weak expression of BMP-4 and -6 was detected in spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells and at the site of chondrocytic differentiation; it then decreased during the formation of woven bone. These data suggested that BMP-4 and -6 may be important in the early phase; BMP-2 contributed mainly in the mid to later phase of bone fracture repair. BMPs seemed to promote both proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells through the paracrine/ autocrine mechanism.


PURPOSE: A method for selecting optimized transfer protocol and an apparatus for thereof are provided to use modified transmission protocol. CONSTITUTION: A network state detection unit detects the network state(S200). The network state detection is operated by an agent program. If the network state detection is completed, a transmission protocol selection apparatus selects the transmission protocol between nodes(S202). Using the selected transmission protocol, a data transceiver transmits data between nodes(S204).


With their joint announcement about the desire to resume peace talks, Colombia's new president and the country's second-largest guerrilla group, the ELN (Ejército de Liberación Nacional), have sent a clear political signal. The pacification of the ELN is to take place under the aegis of a "leftist" government and be accompanied by a comprehensive and ambitious reform project. This is a renewed attempt to end the civil war following the conclusion of a peace agreement with the FARC rebels in 2016. However, the agreement with the FARC can serve as a blueprint only to a limited extent, not just because of the different historical origins of the two guerrilla groups but also owing to the strongly decentralized internal structure of the ELN. The issues of a ceasefire and the release of prisoners – prerequisites for possible peace talks – remain unresolved. Lengthy negotiations lie ahead, and the involvement of Colombian civil society is essential as central questions about the country's future must be clarified.


Abstract CFS ENGINEERING specializesinthenu-merical simulation of fluids and struc-tures. An in-house code NSMB (Navier StokesMulti Block) is used to solve a wide variety of fluidmechanics problems. In an effort to diversify, thesolver is being developed for biomedical applica-tions. It has been used to simulate air flow in therespiratory tract as well as blood flow in mediumto large sized vessels (arteries). The results cor-roborate with those of other researchers. To prop-erly simulate blood flow in smaller vessels, non-Newtonian fluid models are necessary. Develop-ments are underway to incorporate a multi-foldnon-Newtonian model into NSMB that would al-low for Power Law, Bingham or Hershel-Bulkleyfluid models by simple modification of constantparameters. 1. Flow in an Idealized Mouth/Throat T HE first case study is that of flow in amouth/throatgeometry. Astrongacceleration,or laryngeal jet, is noted in the area directly afterthe pharynx (glottis), a phenomena that is verifiedin the work published by Brouns et al [1].


The general multitarget detection (open-set identification) task is the intersection of the more familiar tasks of close-set identification and open-set verification/detection. In the multitarget detection task, an input of unknown class is processed by a bank of parallel detectors and a decision is required as to whether the input is from among the target classes and, if so, which one. In this paper, we show analytically how the performance of a multitarget detector can be predicted from the open-set detection performance of the individual detectors of which it is constructed. We use this analytical framework to establish the relationship between the multitarget detector's closed-set identification error rate and its open-set detector miss and false alarm probabilities. Experiments performed using standard speaker and language corpora are described that demonstrate the validity of the analysis.


Part 3 presents a summary account of the Austroads publications and other related sources of information that describe the wide range of tools used in project evaluation. In Part 3 a distinction is drawn between rural project evaluation procedures and urban (network) procedures, given that different applications have been developed in Australia and overseas to deal with these contexts. Part 3 provides a summary account of the activity in the area of project evaluation tools, and presents a guide to major sources of information from recent research and development work. (a)


The author thinks that deficiency in administrative law execution is not the prominent reason for crime, but it induces crime in practice after all. Failure in research of this issue will inevitably damage the integrity of criminology and administrative law. Consequently, it is meaningful to discuss why deficiency in administrative law execution causes crime, what is the process and how to prevent not only for the theory research, but also for the judicial practice.


The aerospace industry, primarily satellite manufacturers, have expressed the need for a low outgas, thermally stable, adhesive tape. The current products in the marketplace have limitations at both high, 175oC, and low, -100oC, temperatures. A new silicone Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA) was developed to pass ASTM E-595(1), low outgassing requirements of 1% or less Total Mass Loss (TML) and 0.1% or less Collectable Volatile Condensable Materials (CVCM). This PSA was then fabricated into a tape and measured for performance and compared to other non-low outgassing silicone PSAs. The basics were outlined in a presentation presented at the SAMPE technical conference in Long Beach, CA, May 2004(2). This paper will expand on this technology by providing testing data at both high and low temperatures, comparative testing under different conditions with industry standard acrylate tapes, and more details on the fabrication of the tape.


Modification of biomaterial scaffolds used in tissue engineering has traditionally focused more on chemical and mechanical properties than on topography. Microfabrication was used to produce topographic analogs of intestinal basal lamina crypts. A test pattern of micro-wells with dimensions (50–400 µm in diameter, 100 µm in depth) similar to those of native crypt structures was produced in a type I collagen membrane. Caco-2 cells attached and spread faster and to a greater extent on flat surfaces than on those with micro-well structures. It was found that Caco-2 cells were able to span across well structure with small diameters (i.e. 50 and 100 µm). Cells cultured on microwell surfaces had higher mitochondrial activity initially (3 days in culture), and then decreased to a level lower than that of cells seeded on flat surfaces after 7 days. Micro-well topography also affected differentiation; cells on patterned substrates had lower alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminopetidase activities than cells on flat surfaces. In general, the presence of crypt-like topography delayed cell spreading, migration, and differentiation. This study will aid in understanding the unique role intestinal topography plays in cell development and provide design parameters for a scaffold for tissue engineered intestine to treat intestinal disease.


New laser cooling mechanisms, more efficient than Doppler cooling, allow one to reach new regimes where the quantum nature of the translational degrees of freedom of an atom can no longer be ignored. This paper reviews a few examples of quantum phenomena observable on laser cooled atoms: quantization of atomic motion in an optical potential, de Broglie wavelengths larger than the wavelengths of the laser used to cool the atoms. New theoretical approaches to these problems will be also briefly mentioned.


We have developed a training algorithm for device that implements the method of frequency dispersion correction supported by the full-scale measurements in the transionospheric radio communication channels. It uses GNSS/GPS satellite systems data to compute total electron content of the ionosphere that impacts the behavior of frequency dispersion of signal delay. Periodic data update during the training allows to mitigate dispersion distortions in wideband transionospheric communication channels.


Abstract This work defines a maximally labeled isomer problem in the context of 1,3,5,7,9-pentasubstituted corannulenes and explores two new synthetic strategies for the construction of key C–C bonds in the corannulene nucleus: a) a Diels–Alder cycloaddition of thiophene dioxide and acenaphthene fragments; b) a manganese-mediated reductive coupling of benzylic halides, which tolerates carboxy ester functionality. It advances the area of curved aromatics based on corannulene by setting a new family of targets for chemical synthesis and providing additional general synthetic tools.


Two new species of aphelinids, Pteroptrix aegyptica and Encarsia perconfusa, are described and illustrated from Egypt from Parlatoria blanchardi and Tetraleurodes leguminicola, respectively. Several collection records are given for aphelinids reared from known hosts in Egypt.


This article examines the important of appreciating the paintings of A.A. Gede Sobrat, due to the interesting form, theme, and function of the painting. The work of this painter has its distinctive characteristic that is well known and has enhanced the artistic level of Bali and Indonesia in painting. Anak Agung Gede Sobrat obtained inspiration from Walter Spies and R. Bonnet, although Sobrat previously focused on Balinese traditional painting. His encounter with Walter Spies and R. Bonnet provides artistic ideas in painting arts. The author wishes to understand the form, function, and meaning of the artistic exploration of Anak Agung Gede Sobrat.


AIMS AND METHOD We surveyed educational supervisors and trainees in Wessex about their
experience of the first 6 months of using workplace-based assessments (WPBAs),
to see whether they needed further support in using them and, if so, in which
areas. An anonymous questionnaire was sent to all trainees and educational
supervisors in Wessex. RESULTS Overall, 63% of trainees and 61% of educational supervisors responded; 22%
of supervisors had not received training in WPBA and 61% of trainees
identified barriers to completing it. Non-medical staff were rarely approached
for assessments. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS There is a need for further training of supervisors, a more user-friendly
IT system and expansion of the role of non-medical staff as assessors.


A collaborative team of Science and Operations Officers from the National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs), hydrologists from the Lower Mississippi River Forecast Center (LMRFC), and management from the Weather Prediction Center (WPC) worked together to develop and transition a tool into NWS operations called the Extreme Precipitation Forecast Table (EPFT). The EPFT was designed to help NWS
forecasters improve their situational awareness (SA) when heavy rainfall threatens their county warning area. The EPFT compares Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (QPF) to Average Recurrence Intervals (ARIs) from the NOAA Atlas-14 to alert forecasters to the potential for climatologically significant and extreme rainfall. A counterpart to the EPFT, called the Extreme Precipitation Assessment Table (EPAT), compares observed
precipitation (i.e., Quantitative Precipitation Estimates [QPE]) to inform forecasters as to the climatological significance of impactful rain events. This paper presents cases demonstrating the usefulness of the EPFT and EPAT in helping forecasters improve their SA in real-time operational settings when heavy rain was a threat.


A longitudinal analysis of the psychological well-being of 81 young children ages 6–11 living with their HIV symptomatic or AIDS diagnosed mothers was conducted. Specifically, the relationship among mothers' disease severity, maternal disclosure of HIV, and children's psychological well-being was investigated. The children were assessed over three time points (i.e. baseline assessment, 6- month and 1-year follow-up). Two categories of maternal disclosure (disclosed before baseline, no disclosure at any of the three time points over 1-year), and two categories of disease severity (< 500 T-cell count across all assessments, 500+) were created. A series of 2 × 2 × 3 repeated measures MANOVAs was used to assess the effects of the maternal disclosure and disease severity across time on children's psychological well-being. Results showed significant within-group time effects for child depression, suggesting a decrease in depression over time. Interaction results of time and maternal disclosure revealed only a few significant changes over time. However, significant decreases over time for child depression were noted among children whose mothers' CD4 cell counts remained at 500+ across the three assessment periods. Implications for future research and for psychosocial needs of these families are discussed.


E-cigarettes are simple to understand. A plastic tube houses a heating element, battery, control electronics and a cartridge of liquid containing nicotine. When the user inhales at one end, a dose of liquid is vaporised and the user (or 'vaper' as many have come to be known) receives a nicotine hit.


This chapter explains how the Cold War, and especially the Red Scare, shaped Reddick's actions while serving as the chief librarian of Atlanta University from 1948 to 1955, where he worked with Clarence Bacote, Hylan G. Lewis, and Benjamin Mays. Reddick's refusal to condone America's militarist foreign policy and its persecution of leftists at home contributed to his becoming the subject of a Federal Bureau of Investigation probe as well as a target of white Southern politicians, such as Herman Talmadge, who were committed to halting the burgeoning civil rights movement. Reddick nevertheless continued to his cultivate Pan-African ties, particularly by coordinating a monthlong visit by Nigeria's Nnamdi Azikiwe and by co-authoring with W. Sherman Savage a history of his fraternity, Phi Beta Sigma. Reddick also promoted desegregation as a two-way street while helping prepare for a post-Brown v. Board of Education world. He likewise participated in local politics and the protracted struggles of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History in the wake of Carter G. Woodson's death. Finally, he left in Atlanta in 1955 after being fired by Atlanta University president Rufus Clement.


Under the same condition including blending,preparation process,spinning process and spinning flow,regarding the abnormal problem that the fault of the combed cotton yarn with small count is less than that with big count,and the fabric of yarn with small count is better,cause is found and discussed on small count.Practice experiment proves that there are problems such as improper setting in spinning process,draft element,some spinning data with the equipment.In the real production,caution should be made in cotton blending,modification of spinning process and management,control limit of small fault in varieties of count,the control norm of faults in clear and card combination as well as in combing process.


Abstract This article gives a brief overview of the research in microlocal analysis, tomography, and integral geometry of Professor Eric Todd Quinto, Robinson Professor of Mathematics at Tufts University, along with the collaborators and colleagues who influenced his work.


This Study almed to determine the role of Kampar district head in coordinate security and public order inthe district of Kampar, Kampar regency. This study is focused on the district head of the Kampar because considering the dostrict head given task is to coordinate the security and order. The issues of security and order in the district of Kampar had increase from 2012 to 2013. The role of district head's in coordinating security and public order in the distric of Kampar which is based on the basic tasks of district head whhich has been mandated by law. In the implementation, there are still constraints faced by the district head in coordinating security an public order with the relevan agencies. Based on this background, the study and public order in the district of Kampar, and what are the factors of less optimal of district head'srole in coordinating the implementation of security and public order in the district of Kampar, Kampar regency.This research is descriptive in wich research provides a description or picture of the phenomenon or social phenomenom studied by describing the independent variables systematically and accurately. Method of data collection is with In-depth interview and study documentation. The result of study indicate that the role of tge district head's in coordinating security and public order in the district of Kampar, Kampar regency based on task assignment regulated by law. In the implementation inter-agency between the agencies found that there are lack of coordination with each other. Whereas, the synergy of each agency is required in the administration of public security and order in the district of kampar, Kampar regency.Keywords : Role, District, Security and Public Order


Zygmunt Ziembiński was one of the most prominent theoreticians of law in Poland in the second half of the 20th century. He developed an original theory of law defined as a theory of legal phenomena, which covered both logical-linguistic as well as real aspects of law. The theory served as a base for the development of a unique so-called advanced normative conception of sources of law, one of the greatest achievements of theory of law in Poland. This conception encompasses all the indispensable elements of a coherent system of binding legal norms: 1) indication of a political justification (ideological assumptions) of the entire system of law; 2) pre judgment of law-making competence of government agencies; 3) determination of the status of custom and precedent; 4) compilation of a catalogue of permissible interpretation rules; 5) compilation of a catalogue of permissible inferential rules (permissible rules of legal inferences); 6) compilation of a catalogue of permissible collision rules.


Fast field‐cycling MRI offers access to sources of endogenous information not available from conventional fixed‐field imagers. One example is the T1 dispersion curve: a plot of T1 versus field strength. We present a pulse sequence that combines saturation‐recovery/inversion‐recovery T1 determination with field cycling and point‐resolved spectroscopy localization, enabling the measurement of dispersion curves from volumes selected from a pilot image. Compared with a nonselective sequence, our method of volume selection does not influence measurement accuracy, even for relatively long echo times and in the presence of radiofrequency field nonuniformity. The measured voxel profile, while not ideal, corresponds with that expected from the image slice profile. On a whole‐body fast field‐cycling scanner with 59‐mT detection, the sensitivity of the experiment is sufficient to reveal distinctive "quadrupole dips" in dispersion curves of protein‐rich human tissue in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper,a 3D numerical model is developed and calculated by nonlinear FEM program.The in- fluence of different over-break conditions(different position,amount,depth etc) on the stability of surrounding rocks has been analyzed.The results give an influence range of plastic zone and stress focus due to the over-break position. These data are very important references in underground excavation and initial shotcrete lining design.


Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) induces high morbidity all over the world. Patients with MI are more vulnerable to depression, and depression worsens their prognosis. Inflammatory response is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of MI combined with depression. Therefore, MI and depression would benefit from attenuating inflammation. Objectives: To explore the anti-inflammation effect in relieving heart dysfunction and depressive behaviors of mice under MI and chronic stress. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 male C57BL/6J mice were given sham or MI surgery, and the success rate of the surgery was 80%. Hence, 32 mice survived surgery and were distributed as 8 in each group of study. Then, unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) or Anshen Buxin Liuwei pills (ABL pills) group were applied to some MI mice, and the mice were divided into different groups, including sham group, MI group, MI + UCMS group, and MI + UCMS + ABL pills group (n = 8). After a 2-week treatment, the mice underwent the sucrose preference test, and echocardiography before sacrifice. Then, the mice were sacrificed for pathological detection and inflammatory cytokines detection. Results: Compared with mice in the sham group, those mice had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (51.25 ± 9.92 vs. 12.18 ± 8.46, 20.95 ± 16.40, 29.55 ± 13.33%, P < 0.05) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) (21.12 ± 6.82 vs. 5.57 ± 4.0, 9.89 ± 8.03, 14.0 ± 6.65%, P < 0.05) in the MI, MI + UCMS, and MI + UCMS + ABL pills groups. ABL pills could reverse cardiac dysfunction for the significant elevation of LVEF and LVFS. The hematoxylin and eosin staining presented left ventricular (LV) enlargement, inflammatory cell infiltration, and myocardial fibrosis formation in MI and MI + UCMS mice. While ABL pills reversed the pathological changes induced by ligation of the left anterior descending. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection showed that MI and MI + UCMS elevated the concentrations of cardiac tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), which were reduced by ABL pills. ABL pills significantly reversed the depressive behaviors of mice with MI + UCMS (82.97 ± 3.04 vs. 76.07 ± 7.84%, P < 0.05). MI + UCMS group had a higher level of cortex TNFR1 than sham and MI, while ABL pills reversed the elevation (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Anti-inflammation treatment effectively improves cardiac function and depressive behaviors via inhibiting TNF-α/TNFR1.


Introduction J. R. Speakman 1. Morphological indices of body condition: useful or wishful thinking? J. P. Hayes and J. S. Shonkwiler 2. Standard destructive methods of body composition analysis D. S. Reynolds and T. H. Kunz 3. The use of isotope dilution methods for the measurement of body composition J. R. Speakman, G. H. Visser, S. Ward and E. Krol 4. Gas dilution methods for measurement of body composition B. Henen 5. The use of total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) to determine body composition of vertebrates I. Scott, C. Selman, P. I. Mitchell and P. R. Evans 6. The use of bio-electrical impedance analyses (BIA) for estimation of body composition W. van Marken Lichtenbelt 7. The assessment of body condition and other parameters by ultrasound imaging J. M. Starck, M. Dietz and T. Piersma 8. The use of dual X-ray absorptiometry for the measurement of body composition T. R. Nagy.


The importance of cancer-associated stroma (CAS) for initiation and progression of cancer is well accepted. However, as stromal changes in benign forms of naturally occurring tumours are poorly understood, it remains unclear how CAS from benign and malignant tumours compare. Spontaneous canine mammary tumours are viewed as excellent models of human mammary carcinomas (mCA). We have recently reported highly conserved stromal reprogramming between canine and human mCA based on transcriptome analysis of laser-capture-microdissected FFPE specimen. To identify stromal changes between benign and malignant mammary tumours, we have analysed CAS and matched normal stroma from 13 canine mammary adenomas and compared them to 15 canine mCA. Our analyses revealed distinct stromal reprogramming even in small benign tumours. While similarities in stromal reprogramming exist, the CAS signature clearly distinguished adenomas from mCA, suggesting that it may reliably discriminate between benign and malignant tumours. We identified strongly discriminatory genes and found strong differential enrichment in several hallmark signalling pathways between benign and malignant CAS. The distinction between CAS from adenoma and mCA was further substantiated by differential abundance in cellular composition. Finally, to determine key players in CAS reprograming between adenomas and mCA, a network-based gene screening method identified modules of co-expressing genes with distinct expression profile in benign and malignant CAS, and revealed several hub genes as potential molecular drivers in CAS. Given the relevance of canine CAS as a model for the human disease, our approach identifies potential stromal drivers of tumour malignancy with implications for human mCA. Summary statement RNAsequencing-based analysis of stromal reprogramming between benign and malignant naturally occurring canine mammary tumours identifies potential molecular drivers in cancer-associated stroma that support tumour growth and malignancy.


It is shown that the active material obtained in the use of Victawet as a parting layer for electron microscope replicas is the inorganic decomposition product sodium metaphosphate (S.M.P.). The results of an investigation of the parting layer characteristics of S.M.P. suggest its use in applications which have previously employed Victawet. Measurements with radioactive tracers indicate that on smooth surfaces reproducible stripping can be realized with parting layers of S.M.P. a few molecular dimensions in thickness. The use of a ribbon filament source with this material is recommended to minimize shadowing effects and thus reduce the thickness of S.M.P. required for successful stripping.


ABSTRACT Thomas (1989) demonstrates that U.S. firms with positive earnings manipulate income by rounding up the second earnings digit to increase the first earnings digit by one, thereby reaching cognitive reference points in income. Companies with negative income manipulate earnings in the opposite direction. The current study replicates Thomas' (1989) twenty-year old research to ascertain if this type of earnings management continues today, particularly in light of the heightened scrutiny managers now face to present fair financial reporting. The results suggest that managers of negative earnings firms no longer engage in this manipulative behavior while managers of positive earnings firms continue to do so. In addition, for positive earnings firms, the findings indicate that the propensity to engage in this form of earnings management is related to specific company characteristics. Small firms appear to manage earnings to achieve cognitive reference points more intensively than large firms. Likewise, low-leverage companies exhibit this manipulative behavior more frequently than high-leverage firms, and less profitable firms engage in this activity more aggressively than companies enjoying high profit margins. INTRODUCTION Although no unique definition exists for earnings management, its primary attribute embodies the manipulation of the financial reporting process to create personal gain (Jackson & Pitman, 2001). Managers manipulate earnings for many reasons, and specific lines of research have developed around each form of earnings management. For example, earnings are manipulated to smooth income and, thereby, create the impression that a firm is low-risk to investors or creditors (Ronen& Sadan, 1981)orto meet analysts' earnings expectations, thus maintaining a steady growth in share price (Payne & Robb, 2000; Jordan & Clark, 2003). Earnings are typically manipulated upward but may be managed downward as firms take big hits to income in years when earnings are already depressed (Peek, 2004; Yoon & Miller, 2002). In addition, managers manipulate income to avoid reporting losses or decreases in earnings (Burgstahler & Dichev, 1997) or to enhance executive bonuses tied to income (Healy, 1985; Guidry et al., 1999). A particular subset of earnings management research initiated by Carslaw (1988) examines the notion that firms manage earnings upward to reach cognitive reference points in income. Brenner and Brenner (1982) indicate that humans possess only a limited amount of memory and that memory is used to store the most relevant pieces of information about a price. As an example, in the price $496 more emphasis will be placed on the first digit (4), less on the second digit (9), and so forth. In remembering numbers, people tend to round down rather than up. For example, $496 would be rounded down to $490 or even to $400 rather than rounded up to the more logical $500. Carslaw (1988) speculates that managers manipulate income to just above key cognitive reference points if the unmanaged earnings fall only slightly below the reference points. As an example, earnings of $891 million would be managed upward to an amount slightly above $900 million. As a result, financial statement users in their rounding would round down to $900 million rather than to $800 million. Carslaw (1988) and others demonstrate that this type of manipulative behavior exists as unusual digital patterns are observed in the second-from-the-left earnings position for firms with positive earnings (i.e., in particular, more zeros and fewer nines than expected appear in the second earnings position). The current article extends this line of research by replicating it with recent data on U.S. companies to ascertain if earnings are still manipulated to achieve cognitive reference points in income despite the increased scrutiny managers now face to present fair financial reporting. In addition, specific company characteristics that have been linked to the propensity to manage earnings (i. …


The main title of Professor Frei's book is somewhat opaque for reasons which are, I think, not trivial. This study is an investigation of the breakdown of the realistic and figurai interpretations of the biblical stories which had once been natural allies, and of the consequent reversal in the direction of interpretation. Frei is concerned not with the history of biblical criticism as a whole, but with the history of the theory of biblical interpretation from the late seventeenth century to Schleiermacher and Strauss. As he defines it, the problem is one of a central myopia towards narrative shape and the modes of understanding which such shape ought to elicit. Whatever the position of the eighteenth and nineteenth-century interpreter, whether fundamentalist or historical-critical, "the confusion of history-likeness (literal meaning) and history (ostensive reference), and the hermeneutical reduction of the former to an aspect of the latter, meant that one lacked the distinctive category and the appropriate interpretive procedure for understanding what one had actually recognized: the high significance of the literal, narrative shape of the stories for their meaning. And so, one might add, it has by and large remained ever since" (p. 12). This crucial confusion, argues Frei, stemmed from the immediate transposition of the realistic, history-like quality of biblical narratives into the quite different, inevitably dogmatic and polemical issue of whether or not the narrative was historical. This logical muddle "constitutes a story that has remained unresolved in the history of biblical interpretation ever since" (p. 16). Professor Frei sets out the background to his problem by sketching the "precriticai" interpretative practices of Luther and of Calvin. He shows how Calvin, drawing on the family resemblance between literal


Unconscious bias and institutionalised racism is affecting the way we care for the Black and Brown birthing community. As healthcare professionals, we all have a duty to do better. In this article, I reflect on some of my feelings following recent events and my journey of unlearning and relearning.


The crystal structure of BaCu(CO 3 )F 2 , previously described in a C-centred cell from single crystal X-ray diffraction data, is revised in the Pbcm space group (a=4.8866(6)A, c=9.582(1)A, Z=4) by time of flight neutron powder diffraction. The disorder of the carbonate groups which was previously supposed, is ruled out at room-temperature.


This paper presents the procedures and the results of the pitch control force via flight test for a light airplane in order to make out the stability...


The authors recommend a calcium alginate sterile bandage SORBALGON, its advantage being that it has a haemostatic action, does not irritate tissues, is non-toxic, is easily changed and promotes healing. It is suited for covering extensive and deep wounds with ample secretion.


Surface Acoustic Wave sensors are a promising enabling technology to achieve temperature monitoring in extreme conditions, and especially at very high temperature, above 900°C. Applications in the air and space, chemical, steel, and automotive industries are notably expected. Although many of the technical challenges posed by the development of these sensors have been tackled and solved over the years, there is still no SAW sensor able to withstand very high temperatures for a long time on the market (yet). A possible alternative could be to combine a SAW transponder with a thermocouple ('SAW Hybrid'). The thermocouple would be read wirelessly using a SAW transponder, itself located at a place nearby where the temperature doesn't exceed 350°C. The feasibility of this concept was recently demonstrated, using a 400MHz device. However, the obtained sensitivity was very low, and an optimized Design is needed, to increase it. It is notably expected that a higher operating frequency will significantly improve the sensitivity. In this paper, we present an optimal Design of the SAW Hybrid AlN/LN multilayered structure, for operation at 2.45GHz, with buried Pt electrodes.


Custom power devices are a set of devices designed to protect customers' loads from power line disturbances. One class of custom power devices is the series-connected device (SC), such as dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and series active power filter (SAPF). Recently, downstream fault limiting function of series custom power devices have been proposed and integrated in some literatures as an add-on feature, which can limit the flow of large line currents, and therefore restore the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage as well as protect the series custom power devices themselves. Though it sounds straightforward, there are many difficulties in specific implementation, such as it requires a 100% voltage compensation capacity and very quick dynamic control in some existing proposals. So the feasibility and performance of these methods should be carefully examined. But till now there is no literature available to clarify these problems. In this paper, advantages and disadvantages of existing measures are firstly presented and then new methods are proposed to further improve the feasibility and performance. Detailed analysis is presented and conclusions are given.


The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss were evaluated with the aid of the Allium test. The extract was found to exhibit mitoclassic and chromatoclassic effects. The abnormalities observed included: nuclear lesions, binucleate cells, prophase accumulation otherwise called prophase poison, sticky metaphase, star metaphase, metaphase c-banding, precocious chromosomes, lagging chromosomes, anaphase bridge, star anaphase, tripolar anaphase and sticky late anaphase. No abnormal cells were observed at telophase. The implications of these anomalies were also discussed. The results lend more support to the reports of several investigators on the urgent need to standardize the dosages of medicinal plant extracts for the treatment of various ailments.

 Key words: Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, leaf extract, Azadirachta indica.


Filial piety advocated in the Analects of Confucius can improve personal moral quality,maintain stability of families and societies.In the contemporary aging society,on the one hand,everyone should understand filial piety,knowing the necessity of filial piety and how to fulfil filial duty,and on the other hand the legal system should be improved to ensure that the elderly can be supported.


Coverage is a fundamental problem in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs). Lifetime of the HWSNs is another important problem in this area. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Cover problem can solve both the coverage and lifetime issues. Especially, the lifetime of HWSNs can be prolonged by solving the SET <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Cover problem through partitioning the sensors into <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> sets. However, the SET <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Cover problem has not been widely researched in HWSNs. Hence, we introduce three kinds of simple pure distributed algorithms named greedy game algorithms (GGAs) based on game theory for solving the SET <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Cover problem in this paper, in which we consider the SET <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Cover problem as a multi-stage game process. The sensors in HWSNs are considered as the players, the cover sets chosen by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> sensors as strategies, and the sensing area alone as the payoff function for each sensor. During the game process, each sensor wants to selfishly choose one of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-covers at each iteration, with which it can maximize its payoff value. After the game process, the best strategies all the players have chosen constitute the Nash Equilibrium. Finally, extensive experiments have been conducted to show the superiority in coverage, convergence, robustness, and network design of the proposed GGAs comparing with other existing algorithms.


The fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer as an example of the point sensor is described in this paper. The described applications comprising a system for rotational tables' investigation, a system for measurement of vibrations with an amplitude of nanometer order of magnitude, devices for polarization parameters analysis and the rotational waves detector base on reciprocal condition of the Sagnac interferometer operation. Because the coherence phenomenon in this configuration occurs in any source of light, the polarization role in this configuration is emphasized. Basing on this approach the possibilities of practical use of the polarization influence on interference phenomenon for the mentioned above devices are mainly discussed.


A decreasing trend of the optical gap E04 with increasing sp2 carbon content has been noticed in amorphous carbon thin films. This behavior is common to materials grown using different deposition methods and having different composition and local structure. The use of a model of density of states in which the π bands are assumed to be Gaussian shaped allows us to explain such behavior, once the role of network distortion and hydrogen content in determining the width of the bands is taken into account.


OBJECTIVE To review approaches and methodologies of bitter taste masking and discuss the most recent developments and approaches of bitterness reduction and inhibition for oral Pharmaceuticals. METHODS Papers reported in recent journals were consulted and classified to sum up new technologies and approaches of bitte taste masking. RESULTS and CONCLUSION Many new technologies used to mask the bitter taste of drugs have been developed in recent years; So using these technologies can mask or modify the bitter taste effectively and enhance the acceptance and compliance of patients especially infants,children and elderly.


This study was about teaching reading authentic texts to the eighth years of SMP Negeri 1 Randudongkal in the academic year of 2011/2012. The objectives of this study are to find out whether there is any significant difference of the students' ability in comprehending the authentic texts between the students who are taught by using context clues and those who are taught without using context clues, and to know the students' ability in comprehending the meaning of unfamiliar words in reading authentic texts after participating in teaching learning process by using context clues.
This research was an experimental quantitative research. The subjects of the research were class VIII H as the experimental group and class VIII I as the control group. Each of these two groups consists of 30 students. They were taken by purposive sampling. The data of this research was the students' reading comprehension. I used test method in collecting the data. To analyze the data I used statistical method called t-test formula to compare the significant difference of the means of experimental and control groups.
The result of the research showed that teaching context clues to the students actually gave contribution to improve their reading comprehension. It was proved by the mean of post test of the experimental group score was higher (82.53) than the control group (71.60). The tvalue for two means of post test was 4.02 and the critical value at α = 5% was 1.67. Since the tvalue was in the Ho rejected area, it can be concluded that there was a significant difference of the students' reading comprehension between those who were taught by using context clues and without using context clues.
Based on the result of data analysis above, I suggest that teachers should teach their students the context clues in improving their reading comprehension. The students should make an effort to improve their learning achievement, and the other researchers can use the context clues for other text types.


At the turning point of the 20th century,there arose in Europe and the U.S.child-centered educational thoughts represented by John Dewey.Its origin can be traced back to ancient Greece,humane education in Renascence and J.Rousseau's ideas.Its important features include an opposition to adult-oriented education and a resistance to the doctrine of predetermination and original sin,as well as a respect for children's personality and their physical and mental characteristics with educational activities centered upon children.After being introduced to China,it received positive widespread responses.Scholars headed by Lu Xun and Cai Yuan-pei criticized the malpractice of traditional Chinese education in light of these thoughts which still has strong practical significance to current education in China.


An X-ray filter is a key part in X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.The structure and automatic replacing position function related to the X-ray filters are obviously necessary.


To treat the feature selection for mechanical fault diagnosis,a novel immune clone feature selection method combining different point statistics of overlap region with correlation analysis is proposed with which the irrelevant features and redundant features can be removed effectively.According to the different point of the overlap region in space distribution,an optimization index is designed.An evaluation index of redundant features in correlation analysis following J-divergence is put forward.Then an immune clone feature selection strategy(ICFSS) is constructed with the two indexes.The simulation and industrial applications show its higher precision and smaller feature subset for more effective fault diagnosis.


In order to select the early gastric cancer with submucosal invasion for the curative partial resection, clinicopatholigical study was performed to 218 cases of single early gastric cancer with submucosal invasion at our institute from 1979 to 1993. Results were: 1) The incidence of lymph node metastasis of the early gastric cancer with submucosal invasion was 13%. None of the cases of the early gastric cancer 2.0cm or less in size nor with minute submucosal invasion showed lymph node metastasis. 2) Lymph node metastasis was frequent in type OI and mixed types. The incidence of lymph node metastasis was 17% in type OI, 23% in type OIIa+IIc, or 22% in OIIc mixed type. 3) None of the cases of type OIIa showed lymph node metastasis. 4) None of the cases of type OIIc 3.0cm or less in size and with minute submucosal invasion showed lymph node metastasis nor vessel invasion. We suggest that cases of early gastric cancer with submucosal invasion of type OIIa, and type OIIc 3.0cm or less in size and with minute submucosal invasion can be treated curatively by partial resection.


BASU, A., and B. MUKHOPADHYAY. 1981. Phvsical environmental and sociocultural correlates of demographic characteristics among the Sherpas, an indigenous high-altitude population of the eastern Himalayas. Archivos del Instituto de Biologia Andina. In press. CROW, J. F. 1958. Some possibilities for measuring selection intensity in man. Human Biology 30:1-13. CRUZ-COKE, R. 1977. "A genetic description of high-altitude populations," in The biology of high-altitude peoples. Edited by P. T. Baker, pp. 47-63. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CRUZ-COKE, R., A. P. CRISTOFFANINI, M. ASPILLAGA, and F. BIANCANI. 1966. Evolutionary forces in human populations in an environmental gradient in Arica, Chile. Hutman Biology 38:42138. DAS, A. K. 1978. The Lepchas of West Bengal. Calcutta: Editions Indian. GARRUTO, R. M., and C. J. HOFF. 1976, "Genetic history and affinities," in Man in the Andes. Edited by P. T. Baker and M. A. Little, pp. 98-114. Stroudsburg: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross. GUPTA, R. 1980a. Selection intensity in the Sherpas. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 21:136-37. ---. 1980b. Altitude and demography among the Sherpas. Journal of Biosocial Science 12:103-14. SPUHLER, J. N. 1962. "Empirical studies on quantitative human genetics." United Nations Seminar on the Use of Vital and Health Statistics for Genetic and Radiation Studies, pp. 241-52. Geneva: World Health Organization. WEINER, J. S. 1969. A guide to the human adaptability proposals. IBP Handbook 1. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.


The extraction of essential oils from Marrubium deserti leaves has been carried out using the water steam practice. The analysis of the essential oils by GC-MS, showed that 27 components representing 62,91% of the oil and mainly belonging to the class of sesquiterpenes. The major constituents were δ-cadinene (17,63%), germacrene D (7,01%) trimethylpentadeca-2-one (4,61%) and 9-methyl-undecene (4,17%). The results were showed the existence of diverse particular structures that have been detected for the first time in Marrubium species. In another hand several abundant alkanes belonging to the odd-numbered carbon atom series have been identified.


The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy, increase the strength by the addition of zinc, magnesium, nickel, iron, zirconium and silicon to the aluminum base. Aluminum alloy according to the present invention of about 5.5 ~ 8.5 wt% of Zn, 2-4 wt% of Mg, 0.8% to 3% of Ni, of about 0.1 to 0.8% by weight Fe, about 0.05 to about 0.3% by weight Zr, from about 0.05 ~ 0.3 Si, and it comprises less than 0.1% impurities. The aluminum alloy having such a composition has a structure comprising an aluminum solid solution includes the formation from being uniformly deposited on the second phase comprising a second matrix and the precipitation, the nickel and iron and uniformly dispersed aluminide dispersed phase. Such an aluminum alloy according to the present invention is also indicating the characteristics of high strength, a superior casting and workability advantages. Aluminum alloy, nickel, zirconium, iron, matrix, aluminide


Simple Summary Recently, there has been increasing interest in the use of insects as an alternative sustainable source of protein and fat in animal feed to improve animal production and maintain ecological sustainability. Palm oil is commonly used in broiler chicken nutrition; however, due to the environmental footprint, consumers have formed negative opinions regarding its applications. Therefore, alternatives to palm oil are urgently needed. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Tenebrio molitor oil as a total replacement for palm oil and poultry fat in broiler chicken diets on chicken performance, nutrient digestibility, pancreatic enzyme activity, various blood parameters and lipid fatty acid compositions of liver and breast muscle tissues. Based on the obtained results, T. molitor oil did not show any adverse impacts on performance and improved the fatty acid profiles of liver and breast muscle tissues. In conclusion, T. molitor oil may be a sustainable alternative to palm oil in broiler chicken nutrition. Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Tenebrio molitor (TM) oil as a total replacement for palm oil and poultry fat in broiler chicken diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, pancreatic enzyme activity, selected blood parameters and the lipid fatty acid compositions of liver and breast muscle tissues. A total of 72 seven-day-old female Ross 308 broiler chickens were used. The birds were randomly distributed into three groups with 12 replicates each, using two birds per replicate for 30 days in metabolic cages. The basal diet was supplemented with 5% palm oil, poultry fat or TM oil. There was no effect (p > 0.05) caused by the dietary oil replacement on the birds' performance and apparent nutrient digestibility. Liver size (p = 0.033), the concentration of hepatic triglycerides (p = 0.049) and total cholesterol (p = 0.048) were reduced by TM oil supplementation. Furthermore, TM oil supplementation increased n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (p = 0.006; p < 0.001, respectively) in breast muscle tissue. In conclusion, the use of TM oil in broiler chickens' diets did not show any adverse effects on performance, nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical parameters. Moreover, TM oil supplementation improved the fatty acid profiles of liver and breast muscle tissues.


BACKGROUND: UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) bioreactors have the distinct advantage that they do not demand support particles and provide a high rate of bioconversion even with high strength feedstocks. Although apparently simple in construction, the performance analysis of these reactors involves a high degree of mathematical complexity. Most simulation models reported in the literature are rudimentary in nature as they involve gross approximations. In the present paper, two multiparameter simulation packages are presented that make no simplifying assumptions and hence are more rigorous in nature.

RESULTS: The first package assumes the sludge bed to be a plug-flow reactor (PFR) and the sludge blanket to be an ideal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The second package equates the reactor to a plug flow dispersion reactor (PFDR), the axial dispersion coefficient however being a function of axial distance. The three phase nature of the sludge blanket has been considered and the variation of gas velocity in the axial direction has been taken into account. Three different kinetic equations have been considered. Resistance to diffusion of substrate into sludge granules has been accounted for by incorporating appropriately defined effectiveness factors. The applicability of simulation packages developed has been ascertained by comparing with real-life data collected from industrial/pilot plant/laboratory UASB reactors. The maximum deviation observed is ± 15%.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the software packages developed have high computational load, their applicability has been successfully ascertained and they may be recommended for design and installation of industrial UASB reactors and also for the rating of existing installations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry


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Sandra Hochscheid is fascinated by loggerhead turtles. 'I was always interested in what they do under the surface,' says Hochscheid from the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Italy. But when Hochscheid began hearing reports that the champion divers had been spotted on the


The present paper compares karyotypes and zymograms on three species of abalones Haliotis planata, H. varia, and H. diversicolor diversicolor collected from coasts of Japan. The diploid chromosome number was 32 in all the three species, comprising 18 metacentric, 12 submetacentric and 2 submeta- or subtelocentric chromosomes both in H. planata and H. varia and 16 metacentric, 14 submetacentric, and 2 subtelo- or acrocentric chromosomes in H. diversicolor diversicolor. Zymogram analyses revealed interspecific differences with regard to presence or absence/mobility of some loci coding six enzymes as well as intraspecific genetic variations. Hardy-Weinberg analyses on genotypic distribution indicated some excessive occurrence of homozygotes at some loci, suggesting inbreeding structure in the wild populations sampled.


This paper proposes an efficient approach to the modelling of the optical responses of information-display devices based on liquid crystals that combines the use of two matrix methods--the Berreman method and the Jones method. It is proposed in this case to use the following calculation scheme: The entire inhomogeneous anisotropic system is divided into plane-parallel isotropic and anisotropic layers. The classical Jones-matrix method is used to describe light propagation through the isotropic layers, and Jones matrices calculated on the basis of the Berreman matrices are used to calculate light propagation through the anisotropic layers. The Abeles-matrix method is used when it is necessary to take into account multibeam interference in the isotropic layers in order to calculate the Jones matrices of such systems; in the anisotropic layers, the corresponding Jones matrices are calculated using the canonical Berreman method.


Resistive heating of molybdenum wires is used for the synthesis of alpha‐MoO3 layered nano‐ and microplates. A high density of MoO3 plates grow on the surface of the metallic wire in 2–3 min when an electric current density of the order of 104 Acm−2 flows through the Mo wire. During the current flow, a temperature gradient along the wire appears due to the heat dissipation at the electric contacts at both ends of the wire. The plates grow preferentially in the region heated at 450–500 °C. The synthesized MoO3 plates are characterized by micro Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, cathodoluminescence, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, this quick synthesis approach enables the doping of the nanoplates. Setting in contact the Mo wire with Er2O3 powders during the resistive heating, Er doping of the resulting MoO3 is achieved. The Er incorporation during growth is revealed in the cathodoluminescence spectra of the plates, which show the characteristic emission lines of Er3+ions. Diffusion mechanisms related to the very rapid and effective growth by resistive heating of the undoped and Er doped molybdenum oxide plates, as compared with other thermal methods, are discussed.


In various embodiments, a housing (10) for an optical component (14) is provided. The housing (10) has a lead frame portion (12) and a molding material (18). The lead frame portion (12) is formed of an electrically conductive material and has a first side and an opposite second side of the first side. The lead frame portion (12) has at least a first receiving portion for receiving the optical component (14) and / or at least one contact area (34) for electrically contacting the optical component (14) on the first side. The lead frame portion (12) has at least one trench (20) formed in the lead frame portion (12) on the first side adjacent to the recording area and / or adjacent to the contact area (34). The lead frame portion (12) is embedded in the molding material (18). The molding material (18) has at least one receiving recess (19), in which the first receiving portion and / or the contact region (34) and the trench (20) are arranged.


This work investigated the interactions of cationic hydrogenated/fluorinated surfactants dodecyl- trialkylammonium bromide [C12H25N(CnH2n + 1)3Br, n = 1, 2, 3, 4] and F[CF(CF3)CF2O]2CF(CF3)- CONH(CH2)3N(C2H5)2CH3I (FCI-2) with polyethylene oxide (PEO, Mn=20000) and block copolymer [(EO)76(PO)29(EO)76, F68], which showed that there was no interaction between dodecyltrialkylammonium bromide and PEO or F-68. However, significant interactions were observed between FCI-2 and both PEO and F68, and F68 exhibited stronger interaction with FCI-2 than PEO did. These results suggested that the cationic fluorinated surfactants had stronger interaction with neutral polymers than the cationic hydrogenated surfactants.


Introduction Malnutrition is both a cause and consequence of ill-health and affects 15-40% of hospital admissions.1 The National Health Service could save £226 million pounds per annum by providing nutritional support to undernourished patients.2 NICE guidelines for "nutrition support for adults" advocate screening of all hospital inpatients on admission, weekly thereafter and action depending on the risk score.3 Our hospital uses "nutritional risk score" (NRS) chart as a screening tool. Methods We wanted to assess whether our hospital practice complies with these guidelines. A pro-forma was developed in collaboration with the clinical governance department and a snap shot audit was carried out in May 2009. NRS data were collected prospectively for all medical inpatients on the same day, while outcome and length of stay were examined at a later date. Waiting times, nutritional supplementation and outcome were recorded and analysed using SPSS system. Results 226 case notes were reviewed of which 55% patients were females. Mean age was 77 (±12 SD) years.78% were admitted from their own home, 20% from nursing home and 2% were transferred from other units. Only 15% of patients were weighed on admission. The NRS charts were partially filled in 17% of patients, completely in 38%, while 45% had no chart. 33% of NRS charts were reviewed weekly, 33% were reviewed intermittently but not weekly and the remaining were not reviewed. Based on the NRS score, patients were divided into groups and the results are demonstrated in the Abstract 058. Abstract PTH-058 Different groups of patients based on NRS score NRS risk Low Moderate High Number of patients 48 30 49 Time from admission to dietician referral (days) 1.5±2 11±17 1.4±2 Time from referral to dietician review (days) 2±1.5 9.5±8 3±2 Time from admission to prescription of supplement 4±2 3.5±5 6±5.5 Nutritional supplementation (sp) 1 oral sp, 1 NGfed 4 oral sp 8 oral sp, 6 NGfed, 2 none Length of hospital stay (days) 24±20 42±38 49±28 Died (%) 17 28.5 39 Conclusion The data show that we are poorly compliant with the NICE guidelines for "nutrition support for adults" in the acute inpatient setting. The length of stay and high mortality in patients with moderate and high NRS scores emphasises the need for vigerous screening for malnutrition. We suggest that the NRS is a mandatory tool in the admission documentation of all patients.


In Longwall Top-Coal Caving (LTCC), the shape of the loose body (LB) and top-coal boundary (TCB) formed after the first coal-drawing are the initial conditions for the common coal-drawing period. Taking the Panel 12309 in Wangjialing coal mine as the research object, the weight of the blocks of caved top coal was measured on-site, and the distribution of their equivalent diameter was calculated. By using a coupled numerical method, the "Finite difference method (FDM)–Discrete element method (DEM)" numerical model was established, and the evolutions of the drawing body (DB), LB, and TCB were obtained. The results show that, in the initial stage of first coal-drawing (0–8.09 s), the amount of DB reached its maximum of 7.18 m3 (0.89 m3/s) and then decreased to a stable value of 0.44 m3/s. The relationships between the characteristic parameters of DB, LB, and TCB and the drawing time were fitted. Taking the second derivative of each parameter with respect to time as its sensitivity (η), it was concluded that due to the large coal-drawing volume in the initial stage (0–8.09 s), the values of the above parameters increased, and the sensitivities reached 6.02 × 10−3, 3.09 × 10−3, and 6.99 × 10−3, respectively. Here, the top-coal migration rule in the first coal-drawing process was revealed from the perspectives of DB, LB, and TCB, thus providing a theoretical basis for the further study of common coal-drawing processes.


The Simpson model proposes that the rate of wood drying is directly proportional to average moisture content. In this work was done the fitting and the reproduction of drying curve for Heveabrasiliensis wood through of Simpson model and the chi-square statistical method. The curves were obtained by drying 108 specimens Heveabrasiliensis wood with size 10 mm x 20 mm x 100 mm that were drying in a laboratory kiln. The drying control was performed through gradual temperature increase in order to minimize the errors arising due the drastic loss of moisture by wood. The gravimetric method was used to evaluate the drying process, the specimens have theirs mass measured every 6 hours until the timber reached the theoretical anhydrous state. The drying curve of rubber wood obtained here can be used to estimate the drying time of this species for different kiln temperature settings.


IT IS well known that the administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin in dogs leads to hemorrhagic intestinal necrosis 1 ; this lesion occurs with such regularity that it has come to be the pathologic hallmark of this syndrome. Since this lesion is almost never seen in patients with gram-negative septicemia and shock, doubt has been cast upon the validity of interpreting the results of therapeutic regimens used in the laboratory in terms of these patients. For this reason, numerous studies have been undertaken in our laboratory in an attempt to further clarify the pathophysiology of this lesion. Recent reports have shown that by the administration of hydrocortisone, chlorpromazine, phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline), 2 and hyperbaric oxygen 3 improvement in survival in animals exposed to E coli endotoxin can be achieved. It is interesting that this improvement in survival is associated with protection from the intestinal lesion. The question of whether this improved survival


irrigation wells were selected along Chaharbagh Street and the Zayandehrood River bank to investigate and classify the groundwaters used for irrigating Isfahan landscape for their quality. Monthly sampling was performed and the results of the quality tests were used as seasonal averages. Different measurements such as pH, EC, Na + , C1 - , HCO3 - , Fe +2 were made according to standard methods and the Surfer program was used and the results were represented as isolines. Also seasonal classification of wells was performed based on similarities found among the water quality of the wells using statistical programs. Results revealed the poor quality of water from some of the study wells due to the discharge of urban and industrial wastewaters, chemical manure, etc. Besides, investigation of changes in water quality indicated the declining irrigation water quality and the increasing availability of water for landscape irrigation.


Two new phrases have recently entered the lexicon of British academia: 'REF returnable' and 'the impact agenda' – usually used alongside 'income generation'. The cross-institutional collective neurosis over the REF (Research Excellence Framework) – the chip-off-the-oldblock offspring of the widely despised Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) – provides the context in which I respond to the article by Pain, Kesby and Askins (2011), hereafter PKA. Their article exhibits not what they call 'a politics of positive anticipation' (p 185) to the REF but rather a politics of obedience: the authors appropriate the notion of 'impact' and mould it to suit their own research agendas, precisely what the audit technocrats are hoping for. Their apparent impetus is that the time has come for 'participatory geographers' in the form of an audit that purports to recognise the benefits of scholarship beyond the academy. However, their neglect of the institutional arrangements damaging British higher education means that their promotion of participatory geographies falls short of its aims, both scientifically and politically. PKA are largely dismissive of those who have challenged the impact agenda, inviting audit critics 'to reflect on the degree to which their own position manifests an investment in a very particular construction of the purpose, practices and outputs of the academy' (p 185). On the contrary, those critics remind us that the RAE and its offspring need to be understood as input–output assessment instruments rooted in neoclassical economics, designed to turn universities into factories competing against each other for scarce resources. As Smith has argued in respect of this industrialisation of the academy:


On November 27, 2020, Chloe Bynoe, a Gen Z content creator, discussed what security means to her and the importance of ethical and critical decision making at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the issues that are considered important by Gen Z, the importance of security, and the importance of critical and ethical decision making.


Electronic structure calculations at the CCSD(T) level with the aug-cc-pVnZ and aug-cc-pV(n+d)Z basis sets (n = D, T, and Q) were employed to construct the potential energy surfaces for H2 release from ammonia alane without and with the presence of alane (AlH3). In the AlH3NH3 monomer, although the energy barrier for H2 loss of ∼29 kcal/mol is comparable with the energy for Al−N bond cleavage (∼27 kcal/mol), kinetics calculations show that only the latter is important at 298 K. The calculated results demonstrate that alane can play the role of an efficient bifunctional catalyst for H2 release from ammonia alane. The transition state for H2 production from AlH3NH3 + AlH3 is located 4.3 kcal/mol lower in energy than the separated reactants and 18.7 kcal/mol above the complex AlH3NH3···AlH3. A systematic comparison with the reaction pathways for H2 loss from ammonia borane (BH3NH3) with AlH3 or BH3 as the catalyst shows that alane is a better catalyst than borane. The predicted kinetic rate constants for hyd...


Background. Provincial petty bourgeoisie in the class everyday routine represented the product of legislative activities of the government and the social creativity of the actors themselves, who were adapting "the challenges" going from above to their life circumstances of a certain locus of the empire. That is why the research of the everyday life of the largest city class, that was being examined in the context of the permanent dialogue with the government, is considered undoubtedly to be very interesting from the scientific point of view and allows to discover such class interactions and egressions which had been holding the estate structure together till its elimination in 1917. Materials and methods. The research problems were solved using published documents such as the Memorable books of Simbirsk province kept in the Ulyanovsk Regional Scientific Library. Conclusions about Samara province are based on the research results of the funds of petty bourgeoisie board and the City Duma from the State Archive of Samara Region, that were represented in the monograph of the author of the article, that is beyond the limits of this work. The methodological potential includes the comparative-contrasting method that allows to compare the petty bourgeoisie society of the two Volga cities; the statistical method that allows to numerically define the social composition of petty bourgeoisie and the historical-anthropological method that helped to reconstruct psychological characteristics of the class daily life. Results. On the ground of the archive data on Samara province the author comes to the conclusion about "the golden age" of petty bourgeoisie implying the close interaction between the petty bourgeoisie of the city with the merchants of the third guild in the activity of the so-called "Shestiglasnaya Duma" and the emotional "dialogue" between the authorities and the petty bourgeoisie that is reflected in the book-keeping of Samara petty bourgeoisie. On the contrary in Simbirsk the degree of participation of petty bourgeoisie in the city affairs in the limits of "city citizenship" became apparent much less. Nevertheless the Municipal government reform of 1870 led to the situation when the petty bourgeoisie was being forced out of the social life of the city by the new social actors engaged in the all-estate duma. Conclusions. "The exodus" of petty bourgeoisie from the municipal government was predetermined by the City Charter of 1870, that stroke a blow upon the communal relationship in the city estate environment. The petty bourgeoisie town council establishment didn't help the largest city class to keep their social world safe in the system of city interactions.


I am keeping my review copy of this book in my car, easily accessible, and will probably buy another for the surgery. It is written by three general practitioners for general practitioners and covers most of the emergencies, trivial as well as life-endangering, that one meets in practice. The opening chapters give general advice on the doctor's legal and moral obligations, how to manage telephoned requests, drugs and equipment likely to be needed in an emergency, and the general management of paediatric crises. This is the longest chapter in the book, and a very valuable one. The remainder of the book lists, in alphabetical order, urgent conditions in the various systems, starting with cardiological emergencies. Each section of each chapter starts with the most likely incoming telephone request, the questions that should be asked, the differential diagnosis, then in a conspicuous box, the advice given over the telephone, and the management of the condition; advice and attend surgery the next day; visit and treat or prescribe; admit; what to tell the patient and the relatives all good sound practical instructions based on experience.


The normal modes of a cylindrical cavity, containing a uniformly rotating, inviscid fluid, are examined. An approximate analysis, using the kernel‐substitution technique, indicates that the fluid rotation increases the normal‐mode frequencies.


In periodontics, the main purpose of radiography is to detect the level of the alveolar bone including the pattern and extent of loss of the bone. Measurements which are of linear from the cement-enamel junction to the crest of the alveolar bone and from the cement enamel junction to the bone defect base are commonly used to measure the bone height and bone defects. In radiographs, the periodontal ligament space, lamina dura and periapical region are seen and also helpful in identifying risk, such as calculus and dislodged restorations. Radiographs can provide information for proper diagnosis and treatment planning, which can provide information for the assessment of accurate treatment outcomes.


Comprehensive examination treatment was performed in 31 patients (18 males and 13 females) with liver cirrhosis in the stage of decompensation. All the patients were divided into two groups: the patients of the first group received drug therapy, the second – additionally MARS. The findings have indicated that combination treatment using MARS makes to improve prognosis of the disease.


This article presents a review on the development condition of metal matrix composites (MMCs), includes its recent situations, varieties, production techniques, applications and existent problems. Some researching topics with great demand such as interface structure and behaviours, solidification, manufacturing science on some popular varieties of MMC and in situ technologies are also involved. On the base of these situations, a future development view is prospected.


The UK current account deficit reached a peak in excess of £20bn in 1989, equivalent to 4 per cent of GDP. In the next two years, as recession took its toll of domestic spending, it shrank quickly - on the latest data the deficit was only £4.4bn last year, 3/4 per cent of nominal GDP. Over the same period the trade gap narrowed front £25bn to £10bn, in each case taking the deficit back to the levels of 1987, before the late 1980s' boom really got under way. Since 1989, therefore, both 011 trade and the current account, there has been a significant reduction in the external deficit. Yet it remains the case that, despite the length of the recession - non-oil GDP has fallen for six successive quarters - the current account is still in deficit. Moreover, despite there being no concrete data to point to the beginnings of recovery, the shortfall is widening. The low point was the second quarter of last year, with a rare current surplus recorded in June, since when the trade deficit has steadily widened again as the consequence primarily of a 5.5per cent increase in the volume of imports over the last 12 months. Why is it that, in contrast with the experience in the 1980-81 downturn, this recession has not produced a trade or even a current account surplus? Does this mean that the recovery, when it does come, will inevitably widen the deficit with the possible consequence that 'balance of payments problems' will undermine the pound inside the ERM? We conclude that, while it is disappointing that UK producers have not managed to claw back more of the domestic market - in contrast with the experience of exporters in world markets - our forecast of a current account deficit of 0–2 per cent of GDP should be relatively easily financed and will riot therefore cause serious problem for economic policy. This conclusion would riot necessarily hold if the recovery occurs more rapidly than we expect arid sucks in a greater volume of imports. It may be the case that the UK will continue to run a current deficit with Japan in particular as the counterpart to ongoing Japanese direct investment in this country.


This paper has researched on the problem of track correlation with systematic errors in radar network, and analyzed that how does the systematic errors affect the detected tracks of target theoretically. On the basis, prior to registration, a track alignment-correlation algorithm based on Fourier Transform has been presented. The algorithm estimates the rotation and translation amount by using the Fourier Transform, and aligns the track data of targets reported by radars in the network, can correlate the track accurately without registration, and provide reliable correlated tracks for the next registration. (4 pages)


This article investigates the concept of reproduction in relation to teacher education and teaching practice in the early 1920th. Working with a unique source material consisting of teacher exam essays, and teacher students note books written during classroom auscultation, it will be shown how certain ideals were reproduced, first from the teacher seminar to the teacher students, then over to their students by for example the use of questioning the homework. One teacher student in the investigated classes, the author to be, Karin Boye, illustrates some personal and generic dilemmas in this reproduction process, both in first hand sources and in her later reflections over her year at the teacher seminar.


The reaction of K 2 [PtCl 4 ] with three 6-alkyl-2,2′-bipyridines HL, (N 2 C 10 H 7 R; R = CH 2 Me, HL et ; CHMe 2 , HL ip ; CH 2 CMe 3 , HL np ) affords five- and six-membered cyclometallated complexes [Pt(L)Cl] where L is a terdentate N , N , C anionic ligand which originates from HL through direct activation of a C(sp 3 )−H bond. In the case of HL ip , metallation generates a stereogenic carbon atom β to the metal. Complex 5, [Pt(L np )Cl], having an uncommon six-membered ring containing a Pt−C(sp 3 ) bond, was studied in depth in solution, by means of 1- and 2- dimensional NMR spectroscopy, and in the solid state by X-ray diffraction. Differences are observed in the behaviour of these ligands: thus with HLet an adduct, [Pt(HL et )Cl 2 ], was also isolated and its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. In the metallated species, the fourth ligand, Cl, can easily be substituted by neutral or anionic ligands (CO, PPh 3 , CN − ). The metallated species react with potentially bidentate ligands L′−L′′ [Ph 2 PCH 2 PPh 2 (dppm), Ph 2 P(CH 2 ) 2 PPh 2 (dppe), Ph 2 P(CH 2 ) 2 AsPh 2 (dppae)] to give, with different Pt:L ratios, mononuclear [Pt(L)(L′−L′′)] + or dinuclear [(L)Pt(μ−L′−L′′)Pt(L)] ++ cationic species. In the second case an uncommon unsupported L′−L′′ bridge is present. The cyclometallated species are stable in air and moisture, and the N , N , C system is rather robust.


Abstract : Contents: Executive Summary; Introduction -- Limitation of Existing Propulsion Systems, Trends in Ship Power Requirements, Propeller Configuration, Supercavitating Propellers, Water Jet Propulsion, Integrate Ship and Propeller Into a Single System; The New Propulsion System -- The Hydraulic Axial Flow Transmission, Pump -- Specific Speed and Efficiency, The Inverted Turbine, Integrated Transmission Turbine and Propeller, The Thrust Reaction System, Thrust Reversal, Combined Propulsion Efficiency and Transmission Ratio, The Low Cavitation Pump, Boundary Layer Control on Propeller and Ship, The Total System and Contra-Rotation; The Air Models; The Water Model; Propulsion System Performance; Propulsion Applications and System Improvements; Conclusions -- Proof of Concept, Future Applications and the Total Ship System.


1. The stereospecific hydroxylation of progesterone exclusively to its 11 ea-hydroxy derivative by Aspergillus ochraceus TS is reported. 2. There is no secondary metabolite (6fi,11a-dihydroxyprogesterone) formed even when the transformation was attempted with different concentrations of the substrate (200,ug/ml-20 mg/ml) for prolonged incubation periods. When transformation was carried out in a medium supplemented with Zn2+ at a concentration of 50,ug/ml identical results were obtained. 3. Similar results were also obtained at different pH values of the culture medium. 11- position


Much of the sculpture created in ancient Greece that has survived is funerary in nature. These markers commemorating the dead were traditionally placed along roads near the entrances to cities, where they could be seen by all. Although the monuments vary greatly in style, quality, and elaboration, they reach across the millennia speaking the universal language of human grief. This illustrated catalogue presents fifty-nine Greek funerary monuments in the Antiquities collection of the Getty Museum. Spanning the Classical and Hellenistic periods, this collection offers new insight into Greek art and society that will be of interest to both scholars and the general public.


Introduce the development of oversea libraries' information commons, especially study on the new development of oversea libraries' IC construction, analyze its enlighten for domestic libraries.


Using large-scale numerical calculations we explore quantitatively the spatiotemporal chaos exhibited by a fluid layer heated from below (Rayleigh-Bénard convection). In particular we use a parallelized spectral element numerical algorithm to solve the governing fluid equations for the precise conditions of experiment. We study a shallow cylindrical convection layer containing a Boussinesq fluid with a constant temperature difference between the hot and cold plates, no-slip boundary conditions on all material boundaries, and perfectly conducting lateral sidewalls. We explore the increasing disorder that results as the system size is increased by increasing the radius/depth of the cylindrical convection layer for system parameters that yield spiral defect chaos for large systems (spiral defect chaos is a convection state involving the aperiodic formation and annihilation of rotating spiral roll structures). We calculate Lyapunov-exponent based diagnostics and a Karhunen-Loève decomposition. Spiral defect chaos has recently been shown to exhibit extensive chaos for small to intermediate system sizes as revealed by the linear scaling of the fractal dimension with the system size. We find that the Karhunen-Loève dimension also scales linearly with system size over the same range of finite-sized geometries. The Karhunen-Loève dimension is over fourteen times as large as the fractal dimension and even for small sized systems requires hundreds of modes to describe the dynamics. We use flow visualization, Lyapunov vectors, and the Karhunen-Loève modes to shed further insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics that leads to extensive chaos.


Hypotheses from General Strain theory are addressed using data from a random sample of adults in Raleigh, NC. Analyses examine three issues: (1) whether strain predicts self‐projected criminal behavior; controlling for past self‐reported crime; (2) whether negative emotions mediate the relationship between strain and projected crime; and (3) whether social support and criminal peers serve as contingencies or mediators for strain in predicting criminality. Results are generally consistent with previous studies focusing on youth. Three of four measures of strain are found to predict the crime measures. However, that relationship is not mediated by negative emotion and the measures of social support and criminal peers do not act as contingencies or mediators. The results suggest that strain may not operate through negative emotions and that theoretical refinement is needed to identify which potential contingencies are likely to be operating under various circumstances.