Objectives The purpose of this study is to present a teaching plan using a metaverse that allows elementary school learners to immerse themselves in learning with interest and interest as a task-oriented activity that can provide learners with opportunities to directly use English. Accordingly, a plan for elementary English speaking class was presented using Gather.town, one of the metaverse platforms. Methods For this purpose, this study first investigated current task-based instruction models and reformulated a task performance model for elementary English classes. For the task-based class design, the task-based instruction model of Willis (1996) and Skehan (1996) was modified to fit the purpose of this study, and according to the class development, it consisted of the pre-task stage (task introduction), task performance stage (speaking practice), and post-task stage (presentation). As a task-based activity for each stage, a lesson design method using Gather.town was introduced. Results The functions of Gather.town that can be utilized in each stage were introduced, and the class development and activity methods using the functions were presented. The metaverse-using class design model presented in this study can be used in whole or in part as a class operation plan according to the judgment of the teacher, considering elementary school students' cognitive development ability, task performance, proficiency, and English level. Conclusions Through realistic speaking tasks using metaverse, learners' immersion in the task situation can be increased, and it is expected to bring positive effects in terms of learners' interest in class and usefulness in learning to speak. In addition, the educational use of metaverse is expected to provide an opportunity to increase interest in English and improve the listening and speaking skills of English, which is a target language, by practicing English in an elementary English class environment where there are few opportunities to use English directly.


This paper presents checkpointed early resource recycling (Cherry), a hybrid mode of execution based on ROB and checkpointing that decouples resource recycling and instruction retirement. Resources are recycled early, resulting in a more efficient utilization. Cherry relies on state checkpointing and rollback to service exceptions for instructions whose resources have been recycled. Cherry leverages the ROB to (1) not require in-order execution as a fallback mechanism, (2) allow memory replay traps and branch mispredictions without rolling back to the Cherry checkpoint, and (3) quickly fall back to conventional out-of-order execution without rolling back to the checkpoint or flushing the pipeline. We present a Cherry implementation with early recycling at three different points of the execution engine: the load queue, the store queue, and the register file. We report average speedups of 1.06 and 1.26 in SPECint and SPECfp applications, respectively, relative to an aggressive conventional architecture. We also describe how Cherry and speculative multithreading can be combined and complement each other.


PurposeThis study investigates the impact of blockchain technology on green supply chain practices with the aim to promote pro-environmental settings in supply chains of manufacturing firms. Moreover, mediating role of environmental orientation is examined between blockchain technology and green supply chain practices. Also, moderating role of technological orientation in this connection is undertaken.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have applied a quantitative methodology in which a questionnaire was developed from literature. After that, data are collected from manufacturing firms of Malaysia. The data collected are analysed by using PLS-SEM in which multiple regression and moderation are applied.FindingsThe results of this study confirm the positive impact of blockchain on green supply chain practices. Also, the mediating role of environmental orientation is revealed in this relationship. Moreover, technological orientation is confirmed as a moderator which strengthens the relationship between blockchain technology and green supply chain practices.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has collected data from manufacturing firms of Malaysia. However, the authors have not undertaken service sector firms. Thus, they recommend future researchers to consider service sector firms in this context. Moreover, they have taken SMEs for this study and have neglected large firms. Therefore, in future, large firms could be taken to test the current study's perspective in them. Furthermore, this study suggests to the policymaker and managers, especially of manufacturing concerns, to infuse Industry 4.0 technologies such as blockchain technology because of its manifold benefits.Practical implicationsThis study suggests to the policymaker and managers, especially of manufacturing concerns, to infuse Industry 4.0 technologies such as blockchain technology because of its manifold benefits. First, it will enhance the integration across the streams of the supply chain; secondly, it will improve the demand and supply planning which will eliminate the extra production and will enable firms to adopt just-in-time production by saving various costs associated otherwise. Importantly, these processes are against the pro-environmental behaviour which is pivotal to achieve green supply chain practices.Originality/valueThis study contributes by joining the technological perspective of Industry 4.0 technologies and sustainability perspective of green supply chain in manufacturing concerns. In addition, the related concepts of technological orientation and environmental orientation are also undertaken to further adjoin the former fields. As a practical contribution, this study will, first, enhance the integration across the streams of supply chain; secondly it will improve the demand and supply planning which will eliminates the extra production and will enable firms to adopt just-in-time production by saving various costs associated otherwise. It is also suggested to instil pro-environmental behaviour or environmental orientation in the employees at all levels of firm. Moreover, technological orientation should also be improved by emphasizing on the importance of technology for environmentally friendly and green supply chain practices.


Seven hundred and fifty years from the battle of Benevento between the Angevin troops of Charles I and the southern Swabian army of Manfredi, this article proposes an account of the battle that took place in 1266 and which resulted in the change of dynasty in the kingdom of Sicily. The report unfolds through the testimony of contemporary writers belonging to the two political factions of the time who left a personal chronicle of the events. The result is an unusual portrait of the main characters and a narration of the events that follows, in different interpretations, the ideology and psychology of direct and indirect witnesses of the time, rather than the characters involved in the ancient clash.


The effects of audiometric configuration on the relationships between thresholds for spondees and for octave frequencies from 250 through 4000 Hz were ascertained for six groups of patients classif...


A wide spectrum of interstitial lung disease (ID) is common and is a well-established manifestation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Yet, till now, the pathogenetic mechanisms are still poorly understood, classification is evolving and prognosis is variable. A refractory and rapidly aggressive form of interstitial lung disease (RPILD) associated with dermatomyositis (DM) with minimal muscle weakness and normal creatine kinase (termed clinically amyopathic DM) is increasingly being recognized, with more incidence in Asians. However, we are not aware of reports of the Arab region. Herein, we present a 38-year-old male with this condition that ended with a fatal outcome despite aggressive therapy, with a review of recent literature.


This high-pressure, gun-style oil burner for automatic heating applications was influenced by the Art Deco style trends of the 1950s.


Is a hydrogen peroxide supply system is disclosed for a sterilizer having a hydrogen peroxide injection unit and the housing. The system includes a supply unit for supplying a cradle, drainage devices and the hydrogen peroxide solution suction for sucking the hydrogen peroxide solution from the container for holding the hydrogen peroxide solution in the container and the hydrogen peroxide injection unit. Drainage apparatus includes a needle for penetrating a seal on said container to extend into the hydrogen peroxide solution in the container. Needle drive, from the rest position, a new hydrogen peroxide solution container to which the needle is retracted so that it can be inserted into the cradle, with the needle through the seal of the container to ensure complete drainage of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution from the container and hold to the bottom of the container a through-extending position, thereby moving the needle.


The pub owning companies are placing a large and increasing emphasis on customer satisfaction, and are regularly modifying their training programmes to emphasise this requirement. All employees must be aware of their duty in this area. The independent sector is less well‐trained, and may place less emphasis on ensuring that staff are aware of customer needs. In an increasingly competitive market place, this seems a dangerous strategy. The amount of money that the independent licensee has invested in the business makes it appear even reckless. This study looks at the training and competence of bar staff, with a limited survey of the training provision offered by licensees in a small town and interviews with several key individuals in the sector. The article then makes recommendations to the industry.


This study of skin tumours of the foot, especially those of the sole, was undertaken to find out whether pressure contributed to the dissemination of the malignant melanoma. Some unexpected clinical and anatomical facts emerged as the data accumulated, and the fundamental question itself was shown to be wrong because the melanomas in fact were not situated mainly on the weight-bearing areas of the sole.


Two theories of occupational stress are often cited as being most supported by research: the job strain model (JSM) and the effort—reward imbalance model (ERIM). In order to investigate the applicability of mutual theoretical elements of both models to special education in the USA, a sample of 100 special education paraeducators in public and specialized alternative settings was used. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine the best set of predictors of occupational stress among theoretically mutual components of each model. Results supported the hypothesis that there are common elements of both the JSM and the ERIM that can be predictors of occupational stress among special education personnel in the USA.


NAEL AL ROHMAH: THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE
STUDENTS' RESPONSE TO THE GRAMMAR
TRANSLATION METHOD AND THE
STUDENTS' COMPETENCE IN LEARNING
SIMPLE PAST TENSE AT THE SECOND YEAR
STUDENTS OF SMPN 17 CIREBON
Learning language means learning all aspects of language i.e: listening,
speaking, reading and writing. All aspects of language can not separate from
grammar, especially in writing. Mostly, students assume that the meaning of
grammar refers to the structure or patterns of sentences. Most of them, assume
that grammar is difficult. That assumption can make them lazy to learn grammar,
including to learn simple past tense. It causes a lack or weakness in their
competence. So, teacher has to look for an appropriate method to improve their
competence in learning grammar, especially simple past tense. There are many
approaches and methods in learning language. One of them is Grammar
Translation Method.
In Grammar Translation Method, the teacher is a centre in class who teach
grammar deductively. Student study grammar deductively; that are given the
grammar rules and examples, are told and memorize them, and they are asked to
apply the rules to other examples. After that grammar activity, students are taught
to translate from one language to another.
The objective of research is to find out the effect of grammar translation
method as variable X on the students' competence in learning simple past tense as
variable Y at the second year students of SMPN 17 CIREBON. The method of the
research is quantitative research. The writer only took one class as sample; that
consists of 32 students from a population that consists of 231 students. The
techniques of collecting data are: observation, interview, questionnaire, and test.
The qualitative data are analyzed by observing the objective condition of the
school, and the quantitative data are analyzed by using product moment.
From the data that the writer get, it be known that there is significant and
positive correlation between the students' response to the grammar translation
method and students' competence in learning simple past. By using product
moment ( r ) the value of rxy is 0.35 is existing between 0.20–0.40, it indicates
that there is low correlation between variable x and variable y. And by using "t"
formulation, the correlative significant is 2.06 and if it compared with the value of
distribution are 2.02. It means that the value of t account > t table. So, the Ha is
accepted and Ho is rejected. Then, the result of determination coefficient is
12.25%. It means the level of the effect of grammar translation method toward
students competence in learning past tense is 12.25%, and 87.75 is influenced by
other factors.
The conclusion of the research is there is significant and positive
correlation between the students' response to the grammar translation method and
students competence in learning simple past tense. But Grammar Translation
Method just gives low effect on the students' competence in learning simple past
tense.


Abstract A mathematical model of the dispersion parameters in the Gaussian plume model is developed for calculating ground-level odour concentration and for analysing the effect of wind speed on odour concentration. The model has three coefficients. The dispersion parameters are expressed as functions of downwind distance and wind speed, with wind speed being the most important factor to affect downwind concentration of odour from an agricultural source. The model was investigated by using the Pasquill–Gifford data. The range of downwind distances for which the model is applicable is from 100 to 1000 m, the zone of interest for odour dispersion from agricultural sources. The model is shown to fit the Pasquill–Gifford data effectively. The non-linear regression results also show that there is a dominant coefficient that determines the final estimation of the model. The error caused by incorporating the wind speed into the model is random.


The diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) can be difficult early in the course of the disease. Routine histologic biopsy specimens often show subtle or nonspecific changes. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping is sometimes helpful, but the results are often ambiguous. Recently, T-cell gene rearrangement analysis was touted as helpful in diagnosing these early lesions.

In the present study, the authors performed T-cell gene rearrangement …


Objective: According to the World Health Organisation's estimates, food contamination is linked to 23 million cases of illness and 5,000 deaths per year in Europe. While changes in food production and distribution play an important role in managing contamination risk, foodborne illnesses can originate in food-handling practices at home. This study aimed to assess how a food safety education initiative in which students learned about food safety risks and minimising risk behaviour improved students' knowledge about food safety. Setting: Three public schools, two in Hungary and one in Portugal. Methods: A study of 105 Hungarian and Portuguese students between 11 and 18 years of age were invited to prepare Personal Meaning Maps before and after the delivery of a food safety lesson delivered by a school science teacher. Knowledge and risk perceptions of food safety, before and after the delivery of the lesson, were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Food safety topics that were scored highest were those that already had strong scores in the diagnostic phase, such as those related to personal hygiene and use-by dates. However, the largest increases in mastery scores were in less-known-about topics such as cold chain and cross-contamination risks. Idea associations take place often by linking specific contents to already-known-about concepts. Conclusion: Findings show that students more readily engaged with practical concepts directly linked to their experience of food handling at home than to more abstract concepts of food safety and contamination.


BACKGROUND: European regulations require testing of manufacturing plasma for parvovirus B19 (B19) DNA to limit the load of this virus to a maximum acceptable level of 10 IU/µL. To meet this requirement, most manufacturers introduced a test algorithm to identify and eliminate high‐load donations before making large manufacturing pools of plasma units. Sanquin screens all donations using a commercial assay from Roche and an in‐house assay.


In a large proportion of rote learning situations one may identify, in addition to increased proficiency, such phenomena as work decrements, reminiscence effects, and the very rapid post-pause increases in proficiency attributed to recovery from warm-up decrements. Theoretical explanations of reminiscence and work decrement (e.g., Amrnons, 1947; Hull, 1943; Kimble, 1949) frequently assume a factor which is detrimental to performance, and which builds up as a function of responding and decreases during pause. This factor is given the status of a logical construct in the theories, with no single parallel bodily process assumed. Nevertheless; the behavioral changes observed during practice must be accompanied by physiological changes, and it is quite possible that our understanding of the more molar performance factors would be increased by observations of concomitant bodily processes. Some of the earlier thoughts along these lines (e.g., Hull, 1943, p. 281) proposed fatigue-like processes in which substances detrimental to skilled performance accumulated in the muscles involved in responding and thus caused the work decrement phenomenon. Dissipation of these substances during pause allowed the reminiscence effect to be observed. The studies demonstrating "bi-lateral reminiscence" (Grice & Reynolds, 1952; Irion & Gustafson, 1952; Kimble, 1952) indicate the insufficiency of so restricted a view, and suggest that factors such as postural adjustments, perceptual changes, and general tension or other "motivational" changes may also be involved. Observations of some index of the general level of tension (or "activation") seem a promising starting point, for it has already been observed that there is an increase in such measures during the foreperiod and during the performance of certain tasks3 Skin conductance was selected as the index of activation to be employed, for it seems to bear a monotonic relation to level of activation and is readily measured while S is performing. Rotary pursuit seemed admirably suited to the investigation, for its basic phenomena ark relatively readily obtained and a large body of data from other studies is available for purposes of comparison.


The difference ratio relations are introduced to separate tidal constituents that are aliased due to the sample interval of the TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter. It is found that some tidal constituents such as K 1 and SSA, though aliased at along track points, are not aliased at crossover points because there is one time more data at crossover points than that at along track points. So the harmonic analysis method can be employed directly on time series at the crossover points. Then the difference ratio relations from the crossover points are introduced to analyze the time series at along track points. The TOPEX/POSEIDON data in the Northwest Pacific are analyzed with this method. The results from this method agree well with tidal constants from tidal gauges.


Part 1 The position: what kind of knowledge will transfer three competing conceptions of critical thinking teaching critical thinking through the disciplines some practical guidelines for teaching critical thinking problems of evaluating critical thinking programmes. Part 2 Critiques of the position: thinking about critical thinking - philosophers can't go it alone, Stephen P.Norris McPeck, informal logic, and the nature of critical thinking, Harvey Siegel response to Stephen Norris and Harvey Siegel on the analysis of critical thinking and education, John E.McPeck McPeck's mistakes, Richard Paul Paul's critique of critical thinking and education, John McPeck.


In the entire engine system,the cooling of cooling system is not fine or incompletion can directly causes the overall system to occupy in the high temperature state.Very quickly,overall system possibly along with it's collapse.Therefore,we must guarantee the smooth circulation.If there was vapor block or the cooling water leaking,the cooling system's function can weaken,the engine capability also can reduce.In this paper,the improvement specially aims at the exportation question,enhances the function of the cooling system exhausting,simultaneously guarantee the no completely seep,then it can be truly achieved the elimination of the hidden danger.


Cell sheet engineering has been noted as a new and valuable approach in the tissue‐engineering field. The objective of this study was to explore a procedure to induce hepatic progenitor cells and biliary duct structures in the liver. Sprague–Dawley rat dermal fibroblast (DF) sheets were transplanted into the incised surface of the liver of F344 nude rats. In the control group, an incision was made without transplantation of the DF sheets. Bile duct (BD)‐like structures and immature hepatocyte‐like cells were observed in the DF sheet transplant sites. These BD‐like structures were cytokeratin‐8‐positive, while the hepatocyte‐like cells were both OV‐6‐positive and α‐fetoprotein‐positive as well. The proliferation and differentiation of liver progenitor cells were not influenced by hepatectomy. We also transplanted DF sheets transfected with a plasmid encoding the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein target to mitochondria (pEYFP–Mito) by electroporation, and found that the new structures were pEYFP–Mito‐negative. We observed new BD‐like structures and immature hepatocytes after transplantation of DF sheets onto incised liver surfaces, and clarified that the origin of these BD‐like structures and hepatocyte‐like cells was the recipient liver. The present study described an aspect of the hepatic differentiation process induced at the site of liver injury. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


BACKGROUND
Although an influence of eating behavior on dietary intake and physiology has been documented in several studies, the extent to which eating behavior influences long-term health is uncertain.

METHODS
Current dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger were assessed using the Eating Inventory in 1252 nonsmoking women aged 55 to 65 years. In addition, subjects reported the presence or absence of 22 specific morbidities, along with general demographic information. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between eating behavior scores and morbidity, adjusting for age, prior smoking status, hormone replacement therapy, education level, and body mass index (BMI).

RESULTS
In adjusted models excluding BMI, higher disinhibition scores were associated with small increased risks for hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, p =.045), leg cramps (OR 1.05, p =.044), indigestion (OR 1.06, p =.020), and cataract (OR 1.09, p =.036), and a decreased risk of eczema (OR 0.91, p =.008). In addition, higher hunger scores were associated with increased risk of eczema (OR 1.09, p =.026). However, after adjusting for confounding variables plus BMI, higher disinhibition scores were associated with increased risks for low back pain (OR 1.06, p =.031) and constipation (OR 1.10, p =.004), and associations of disinhibition and hunger with eczema were unchanged (OR 0.90, p =.008 and OR 1.09, p =.024, respectively). Dietary restraint was not associated with morbidity in any model.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher disinhibition and hunger scores were associated with small alterations in reported morbidity risk in a large population of nonsmoking older women. Although our cross-sectional study design makes the directionality of these relationships unclear, our results suggest at most a relatively minor independent influence of eating behavior constructs on long-term health.


One important factor which contributes to the road accident is the friction of road surfaces. Friction needs vary with different types of road surfaces and under different circumstances. Three types of pavements constructed with limestone aggregate namely, portland cement concrete, asphaltic concrete and penetration macadam were selected. The criteria used in the selection were that each type of pavement would differ in age and texture depth but have similar traffic volume, environmental conditions and geometric design. A Mu-meter was used to record friction values in both wet and dry conditions and percentage of non carbonate in samples of limestone aggregate were determined. The effects of speed, texture depth, age and water film thickness on skid values were investigated. In analysis of the data macro and micro principles of approach were applied which revealed that in dry condition all types of pavements under the circumstances investigated exhibited sufficient macro and micro textures which reflected in sufficient coefficient of friction. However, in wet condition, both asphaltic concrete and macadam surfaces with low texture depth and high age exhibited low macro and micro textures resulting in low friction values. Comparisons and relationships between Mu-meter and British Portable Tester were also determined and it was found that their was a good correlation between the two. /Author/


The paper aims to evaluate the impact of support on Lithuanian farms investments. Logistic regression, also called a logit model, was used to determine the probability of investing. The regression was estimated on cross-sectional data set of Lithuanian family farms participating in the Farm Accountancy Data Network. It was specified for investments in machinery and equipment. The research showed that support encourages investments in machinery and equipment. However, scenario analysis revealed that the impact of different support scenarios on the probability of investing is relatively small. It was also confirmed the importance of farm characteristics in making investments. JEL Codes: C50, G11, Q12.


The system of excitation equations of E0j — modes in the irregular waveguide with circular section is formulated in the even form (the first derivatives of amplitudes of E0j — modes in the core of the system are absent). This form of equations allows using of effective and convergence even algorithms for solutions. The effectiveness of suggested method is corroborated at series of examples of problem solutions for irregular waveguides with intense remarkable profiles.


The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are sex differences in the way men and women open an unopened pack of cigarettes and obtain the first cigarette and to test hypotheses derived from Freudian psychoanalytic theory regarding the phallic phase of psychosexual development, the Oedipal complex or castration anxiety in males, and penis envy in females. Statistical results clearly indicated that men and women differ in the methods they use to open an unopened pack of cigarettes and to obtain the first cigarette. The observed behaviors are consistent with the Freudian hypothesis that castration complex in males and penis envy in females is expressed in everyday living.


In recent times, the demand for multicast communications is increasing, both from internet service providers and from the content, media providers or distributors. One of the main obstacles to the wider commercial deployment of internet protocol (IP) multicast is the lack of security for the content being transmitted through IP multicast and communication infrastructure underlying IP multicast. This paper presents a multi-party key computation (MKC) protocol which provides added security to IP multicast. The group key computation, in our protocol, involves multi-party computations using one-time pad and a secret sharing scheme. The proposed protocol is secure, efficient and compatible with IPSec.


The aim of this research is to study behavior of numerical methods for solving one-dimensional stationary Schr¨odinger equation. Two testing tasks are taken for example: the probability tunneling of the square potential barrier and "hyperbolic" potential barrier. The precision and speed of various methods were evaluated.


The late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century nationalist movements against the British rule in India propagated a reassertion of traditional values and the awakening of an awareness for the country's rich cultural heritage in an attempt to reestablish the Indian people's dwindling sense of identity. The revival and reconstruction of several artistic dance forms in India formed a subtle but integral part of this political movement and the sociocultural reforms it inspired. This process of revival and reconstruction of artistic dance forms was initially provoked by the colonial public denunciation of the devadasi* tradition of temple dancing in 1911 and seconded by the Tamil brahmin elite—Western-educated and colonially influenced—under the pretext that the system was malignant with "prostitution." (1–7) By the mid-1930s there was a major shift of the surviving hierarchical temple dance traditions from the realm of the devadasis to the custody of the society's elite. As a result of this shift, beginning in 1955 state-sponsored dance festivals emerged in independent India in an effort to display the diverse regional artistic forms on a common national platform and to restore the religious, social, and cultural sanctity


For many years the CSIRO has been involved in studies on the combustion kinetics of coal chars and related materials. Early work included studies on a char produced from a Victorian brown coal. More recently, the combustion kinetics of chars produced during the flash pyrolysis of sub-bituminous coals have been determined. Data are given for the combustion reactivities of four flash pyrolysis chars. Their reactivities are compared with the results for chars produced from low and high rank coals, and petroleum coke. Reactivity is expressed as the rate of combustion of carbon per unit external surface area of the particle, with due correction being made for the effect of the mass transfer of oxygen to the particle. It has been shown that the reactivities to oxygen of chars produced from Millmerran sub-bituminous coal decrease with increasing pyrolysis temperature but are similar in magnitude to the reactivities of chars derived from a brown and a bituminous coal and to the reactivities of anthracites and semi-anthracites. However, Wandoan char, also of sub-bituminous origin, exhibits about twice the reactivity of Millmerran char and about ten times the reactivity of petroleum coke. On the basis of observed activation energy values, particle size and particlemore » density behaviour it is concluded that the combustion rates of Millmerran and Wandoan chars are controlled by the combined effects of pore diffusion and chemical reaction.« less


right-wing Jamaat-e Islami as a front for imperialism. They note that the popular Islam of Pakistan is mostly heterodox, revolving around Sufism and the Pir cults, but they are unable to offer a vision of a movement that would build on this indigenous culture. Instead, most of the authors turn to another foreign model of modernity, that offered by the socialist countries. To the extent that the Pakistani Left continues on this path, its members will be as isolated from their countrymen as the Afghan Communists, whom the contributors to this volume, alas, give every indication of admiring.


Abstract Shear samples with special geometry were produced from high purity nickel and copper in order to study the deformation mechanism in the saturation region of severely plastically deformed metals. The shear samples, pre-deformed by high pressure torsion, were tested in situ at room temperature. Electron back scatter diffraction and back scatter images were used to characterise the change in micro-texture and microstructure after the shear deformation. The experiment revealed that almost all grains were sheared simultaneously, while at higher shear strains the formation of micro shear bands were observed.


20 boys and girls, ages 7 to 9 yr., predicted size of mother's and father's rewards for their performance on WISC Block Design (two success and two failure items). Mother and father both predicted success or failure for each design prior to the child's performance and rewarded their child's performance on each design. Predictions based on previous studies concerning (a) children's perceptions of mother as more nurturant and father as more punishing and (b) boys as having a less favorable perception of parents than girls were not supported. While children did underestimate parents' rewards (p < .05), they correctly perceived parents as equally rewarding and appropriately decreased their expectancies in light of failure (p < .001).


We present in this paper, a comparative study between a PI regulator and fuzzy regulator for a control speed of a Dual Star Induction Machine (DSIM) supplied with a two PWM voltage source inverter (VSI) and decoupled by field-oriented control (FOC).The simulation results illustrate the robustness and efficiency of the fuzzy regulator to the parametric variations.


Libraries have been written about the theory and practice of public policy making. Yet, this enormous scholarship has proved insufficient to lift the veil of mystery and idiosyncrasy that shrouds the art of decision making. The heady ambition to turn both clinical practice and health policy into evidence-based bastions of rationalist decision making has been downgraded; the vocabulary is now "evidence-informed," and the realm of admissible evidence has been greatly expanded to include preferences, political contingencies, and psychology (1). This newfound conceptual modesty and nuance does not suggest that we should abandon efforts to understand decision-making processes and to enhance the role of research-based evidence in policy. It merely confirms the complexity, contingency, and messiness of the terrain. In this issue of the Journal, Brownson et al. (2) have boldly entered this murky territory. They attempt to identify the potential impact of carefully crafted policy briefs on three groups of policy makers: legislators, legislative committee staffers, and public health executives. They reviewed a wide literature and created four policy briefs—data- or story-focused briefs that included state- or local-level data—on the topic of mammography screening. They persisted with recruitment efforts to engage hundreds of participants in six states, and given the topic and the terms of engagement, the 35% response rate is impressive. Their analytic objective was to identify which approaches are most effective in which circumstances and which characteristics of both the policy briefs and their recipients predict influence and uptake. It is therefore a joyless duty to report that for all its creativity and effort, the study is less of an advance in our understanding of how evidence, mode of presentation, and policy making interact than one would have hoped. Its ambitions were not fully realized because of some critical design limitations that raise serious doubts about what the findings tell us, and whether they rest on a solid foundation. The first serious design issue is the choice of subject matter. If one wants to perform an independent test of policy brief types among related but different audiences, it would be wise to choose a topic that respondents are unlikely to be informed about or invested in. It is unimaginable that a substantial proportion of respondents were unaware of mammography screening and/or neutral as to its utility. If the briefs had been designed to present the different perspectives on mammography, the study could have revealed how preexisting views and conclusions affect the reception of potentially countervailing information. Instead, all of the briefs promote the same entirely pro-mammography perspective, but nothing about the hazards of interventions occasioned by ambiguous screening results or any acknowledgment that while there may be policy consensus that screening women older than 50 years is a sound strategy, scientific controversy persists. One can counter that it is of no consequence whether the substantive content of the policy briefs is contestable—the study was designed to elicit views on clarity and use, not on scientific accuracy or comprehensive ness—but the very prominence of mammography in public discourse is an avoidable contaminant in a laboratory already fraught with uncertainty. This leads to a second issue: the definition of "use." The ques tionnaires simply asked whether the respondents intended to use the brief. We do not know what "use" means. Does it mean that the brief created or altered either their understanding of the issue or their inclination to affect or create policy? Clear and persuasive information can confirm or change opinion about what to do and the urgency of doing it. Understanding how the policy brief "works" requires some understanding of respondents' baseline views and how the new or repackaged information affects them. It also requires knowledge of other sources of information and advocacy on the mammography issue. For some, the policy brief may be the first and only thing they have ever read on the subject; for others, it may be the first effective compilation of evidence in a single accessible format; and for others, it may be entirely redundant. Yet, the already well informed may report intention to use the briefs because they are already motivated to pursue policy in the area and are happy to have another platoon in the supporting army.


This invention provides a kind of new defense system which aims at distributed rejecting service attacking and based on the quasi-anonymous credit mode. It concludes the following apparatuses: quasi-anonymous identity application apparatus, quasi-anonymous credit verification apparatus and quasi-anonymous credit grading apparatus. In order to increase the defending effect, this system also concludes peripheral option apparatuses: routing identification apparatus and sub-network action control apparatus. This invention also provides a kind of new defense method which aims at distributed rejecting service attacking and based on the quasi-anonymous credit mode.


In the class of vocational colleges,we should try to achieve our "Four Features".That is to say,we should make our classes characteristic,make our themes entertaining,make the methods diversified and make the evaluation incentive to stimulate students' interest.


This report explains the Significance of Community Planning as a requisite for District Plans in Urbanization Control Areas, using the cases of hamlets in Hiroshima City. The report introduces a working process from a Community Plan to a draft District Plan, both in the semi-mountainous hamlet Ushiroyama, which is hoping to recover vitality, and the Seifu-shinto hamlet Ishiuchi, which, with a vision for the future, is seeking Urbanized Areas along main roads. By introducing both areas, the importance of resident-led Urban Planning is highlighted, by having the residents themselves decide on a Community Plan when settling on a District Plan as part of a greater master scheme.


Dramatic growth in the number of children in state custody has been accompanied by an increasing use of kinship foster care-the placement of children in state custody with their relatives. Research on kinship foster care has not kept pace with the use of this placement option, although work to date suggests that children in kinship foster care remain in state custody longer and are less likely to be returned home or adopted than children in the care of nonrelatives. In-depth interviews with caseworkers serving children in kinship foster care revealed the complex nature of practice in this area and identified potential obstacles to permanency for these children. Results suggest practice principles that may facilitate permanency for these children. Dramatic growth in the number of abused, neglected, and dependent children placed with their relatives by the child welfare system has caught the attention of child welfare administrators, policymakers, and the general public. These "placements" are increasingly funded and regulated as a type of family foster care and referred to as relative foster care, kinship care, or kinship foster care [Berrick et al.1994; Child Welfare League of America 1994; Gleeson & Craig 1994; Kusserow 1992a,1992b; National Commission on Family Foster Care 1991]. The child welfare field has been caught off guard by the sharp increase in the use of kinship foster care since 1985, particularly in Illinois, New York, and California, where the number of children in kinship foster care exceeds or approximates the number of children placed with nonrelative licensed foster parents [Goerge et al. 1995; Kusserow 1992a]. Historically, many African American children have been successfully reared by extended family members [Hill 1977; Martin & Martin 1978; Stack 1974]. Many Latino and Asian families involve grandparents, godparents, and others in the care of children and in decision making and planning in behalf of these children [Lum 1986]. These informal kinship care relationships have generally operated without the oversight or support of the publicly funded child welfare system. It is not yet clear what happens when a formal child welfare service is superimposed over the informal practice of kinship care or whether public child welfare policies that guide family foster care are relevant to this new formal child welfare service [Gleeson & Craig 1994]. These policies stress achievement of permanent homes for children through rapid reunification of children with their parents, or adoption of children by their foster parent or some other suitable adult. Prevailing family foster care practice models were developed in the 1970s to facilitate permanency through a child's return home or adoption [Emlen et al. 1978; Pike et al. 1977; Stein et al. 1978; Stein & Gambrill 1985]. It is not known whether these practice models are relevant to kinship foster care or even whether permanency can be best defined by a child's return home or adoption when a child is living in kinship foster care. Research in kinship foster care is only in its beginning phase and has not kept pace with the dramatic growth in this service [Barth 1994; Berrick & Barth 1994; Dubowitz 1994]. We do know that kinship placements have been concentrated in large urban centers and have been used predominantly with economically disadvantaged children of color and their families [Berrick et al.1994; Kusserow 1992a; Testa 1992, 1993; Wulczyn & Goerge 1992]. Placements with relatives have been less likely to disrupt and tend to last longer than nonrelative placements [Goerge 1990; Testa 1992; 1993; Wulczyn & Goerge 1992]. These placements have also resulted in lower rates of reunification and adoption [Barth et al. 1994; Thornton 1991]. One study, however, suggests that reentry rates are lower for children who return home to their families of origin after placement in kinship foster care [Barth et al. 1994]. Several studies have reported that children in kinship foster care have significant physical, mental health, behavioral, and educational problems, but receive fewer services than children placed in nonrelative family foster care [Berrick et al. …


Article is dedicated to the study of the role of innovative technologies in ensuring the international competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. The authors analyze the current state of agriculture, its problems, and prospects for development. The article discusses the appropriateness of using innovative technologies in agriculture, priority innovative technologies in agriculture, as well as tools for their implementation. The authors describe the importance of innovative technologies in agriculture and emphasize that the application of modern technologies is an important factor in increasing production efficiency and ensuring competitiveness in the international market. The article describes various innovative technologies that can be applied in agriculture, such as smart agriculture, artificial intelligence, energy-efficient technologies, digitization, automation, integrated production systems, biotechnology, ecology, and others. The authors study the tools for implementing innovations in agriculture, including various funding programs, foreign investments, government grants for research, preferential loans for agricultural producers, subsidies, state support for small and medium-sized businesses in the agricultural sector. The positive impact of innovations in the agricultural sector on production and export of products is analyzed using Ukraine as an example. It is noted that innovative technologies are a key element in ensuring international competitiveness in agriculture. They allow for increased production capacity, improved product quality, reduced costs, and increased efficiency in resource use. Many studies have also shown that the use of innovative systems in agriculture can lead to a 15% increase in profits for agribusinesses. However, implementing innovative tools requires significant costs, which are often unattainable for small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises. Therefore, the authors recommend that the government provide support for agricultural enterprises and create favorable conditions for the implementation of innovative technologies.


I n every organisation a process of socialisation exists through which individual participants become acquainted with the ruies and procedures goveming its activities. The institutional structure embodying the process can, of course, vary widely from one situation to another, even though the content of what is to be learned may be similar in many cases. Some organisations allow recruits to become gradually adjusted to their new roles by means of actual participation. Others have specialised arrangements which separate newcomers from the mainstream of activity until they have completed a prearranged programme or have proved their competence. In the case of work organisations, the variety of ways in which employees are prepared for their tasks is of considerable interest because factors such as work satisfaction and group identification can be influenced by the procedures which happen to be in operation. These factors, in tum, are linked with class and status. In the following paper recent thinking in the study of bureaucracy is used to analyse current pattems of industrial training in Britain and their impact upon social slratification. In 1962/3 a survey was conducted of industrial training in 94 manufacturing concerns, all of which had sent students to the day release classes of a Midlands local technical college. Interviews were held with the students themselves and with the training officer, ovmer or manager of each finn. As the employers had shown enough interest in education to send at least one apprentice to study during working hours, the frequency of systematic training would undoubtedly be over-estimated if they were regarded as representative of British


Nowadays, in our highly automated, high-tech society, programmable logic controllers PLC are as common as our personal computers or laptops. They are more resilient and more compact than conventional computers, they can be programmed to be very specific tasks and they can be used in all kind of environments. The paper presents one of the built-in technologies that stand behind the remote operation capability of PLCs, namely the Ethernet module. A low cost flexible platform is build around this module. Two case stud ies are provided: a remote monitoring and control system for passive greenhouses and a PLC matrix for industrial applications. The industrial controllers are more and more presen t in our life. Mankind will always be on the mission to conq uer new territories. Sometimes those territories are unfrie ndly not only too humans, but also to the technological obje cts. In this case most of the state of the art personal computer s, servers, will fail, due to the unfriendly conditions and fre quent main- tenance problems will jeopardize the projects. The solution is to find new ways, new computer architectures and new tech- nologies to overcome these problems. In this paper it is presented one kind of architect ure, which can serve as a platform for many remote application s that need wireless networking. This platform encapsulate s some industrial very task specific equipment, like the F X3U industrial programmable logic controller (PLC), and the FX3U-Enet Ethernet module (2, 3). This PLC, as any other PLC, is a very resilient industrial computer, with no moving parts except some rough duty relays, consumes less power than a PC of any kind so it is perfect for unsuperv ised operation. The FX3U-Enet module is a dedicated Ethernet module for the FX3U PLC, allowing remote connection to the PLC, from any other location, via internet and satellite connection.


ABSTRACT Wang, Y., 2020. The development of marine tourism art based on RMP theory. In: Li, L. and Huang, X. (eds.), Sustainable Development in Coastal Regions: A Perspective of Environment, Economy, and Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 112, pp. 66-69. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The continuous warming of marine economy has brought great opportunities to the development of marine tourism. However, there are still many deficiencies in the development of marine tourism art, which is not conducive to its long-term development. We need to dig deep into the connotation of marine culture, upgrade the level of tourism culture development, create regional characteristics, enhance people's impression of tourist areas, and meet the multicultural needs of tourists Based on this, this paper first analyzes the basic situation of the development of marine tourism art, then studies the development of marine tourism art based on RMP theory, and finally gives the development strategy of marine tourism art based on RMP theory.


The cultivation of agarwood tree species such as Aquilaria has grown dramatically during the last ten years. This
development is driven by the desire to produce sustainable agarwood to meet the high market demand. In the past, the
main source of agarwood had been from natural forests, which resources are now declining. Although there are various
examples of pests and diseases affecting early plantations, these damages were often overlooked. Recently, the emergence
of new pests and diseases in large-scale Aquilaria tree plantations has raised concerns among planters and researchers,
as the damage level to the trees may vary from unsubstantial to tree mortality. Lack of information on the types of pests
and diseases in Aquilaria plantations makes it difficult to properly manage these threats, leading to economic losses.
This review summarizes the insect pests and diseases known to damage cultivated agarwood trees in various countries
including China, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia. As we learn from the cultivation practices of other monoculture crops,
these insect pests and pathogens are a major challenge to the healthy growth of agarwood trees. The implementation
of an integrated pest and disease management at an early stage of plantation establishment may hold the key to help
control and contain these threats from turning into major outbreaks.


Economic decision-makingof electric power system plays a vital role in the planning, operation, and transaction of the electric power system. While the achievement of behavioral economics tells us that all the decision-making process with human involvement is not that simple. Limited to human's subjectivity on cognition and decision preference, the decision will become bounded rational. Sufficient knowledge on the behavior of power system economic decisions can improve the accuracy and practicability of decision-making modeling, simulation, and forecasting in power system, as well as improve the social elements in developing a cyber-physical-social system of the power system. Among different behavioral economic theories, prospect theory (PT) wins a wide range of research and application. Thus, PT is first introduced here, and then the application of PT is reviewed in the field of power system economic decisions. What follows is the analysis and discussion on three key issues of current theory application, including function model selection, parameter identification, and application framework establishment. Finally, three possible further research prospects are proposed, including the application of developed theory, the combination of multiple behavioral economics, and the consideration of social elements.


Objective To explore the effect of the portable intelligent transfusion machine(PITM) in pediatric infusion.Methods 500 pediatric patients were randomly divided into two groups.The portable intelligent transfusion was adopted in experimental group,the conventional gravity transfusion was adopted in control group.Results The number of repeated puncture and the time to re-puncture in experimental group were less than that in control group(P0.01);the number of re-puncture in the experimental group was 7(2.7%) and time to re-puncture was(5.03±0.40)min;the number of re-puncture in control group was 26(10.7%) and time to re-puncture was(19.94±0.91)min;the satisfaction rate of patients'parents in experimental group was 236(94.4%),and in control group was 106(42.2%),the satisfaction rate in experimental group was apparently higher than that in control group(P0.01).Conclusion PITM can reduce the rate of re-puncture,improve the working efficiency and the satisfaction rate of patients'parents.


The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has revolutionized the manufacturing sector by integrating artificial intelligence into vision inspection systems to improve the efficiency and quality of products. Supervised-learning-based vision inspection systems have emerged as a powerful tool for automated quality control in various industries. During visual inspection or final inspection, a human operator physically inspects a product to determine its condition and categorize it based on their know-how. However, the know-how-based visual inspection process is limited in time and space and is affected by many factors. High accuracy in vision inspection is highly dependent on the quality and precision of the labeling process. Therefore, supervised learning methods of 1-STAGE DETECTION, such as You Only Look Once (YOLO), are utilized in automated inspection to improve accuracy. In this paper, we proposed a labeling method that achieves the highest inspection accuracy among labeling methods such as NG intensity and NG intensity when performing anomaly detection using YOLOv7 in the cosmetics manufacturing process.


Chuan─Jiang River has been enjoying its own navigation right from the ancient time but had gradually lost it since Chongqing was opened as a foreign trading port in 1890.The situation was not better until the Peoples livelihood company rose in the 1930s, and the shipping right returned to the Chuan―Jiang River in the end. During the Anti―Japanese War, Chuan―Jiang River has developed to be a large artery of the rear traffic.


School is the level of education that must be passed before continuing to a higher level. In a school environment bullying continues to occur, even it tends to be inherited and present in various forms that we do not realize. The case of violence in high school is the highest. So it is necessary to design an infographic media that can convey messages about school bullying at high school level using motion graphic technique. To make an infographic media it is necessary to collect data through interview method and literature study. Then the datum obtained are
summarized and analyzed into important points. Stages of infographic design in the form of visualization of making object characters and background, the process of editing the addition of effects and audio until the last stage is rendering. Visual and audio elements are composed using motion graphics techniques that make the target audience understand the information contained in the infographics faster and easier. The conclusion of this infographic design that is the importance of expertise in graphic design, skills in applying effects and reproduce references about infographics. This infographic distribution is uploaded on youtube channel then the link will be shared in high school groups. In addition it will be used as a medium of learning by counseling teachers. Based on the results of product testing through questionnaires, it can be concluded that respondents responded to this infographis well and very worthy to be published.


Plasma membrane-derived microvesicles or microparticles (MPs) are sub-cellular vesicles released upon shear stress, cell activation, injury or apoptosis. They represent factors of the extracellular vesicular compartment1 that also includes smaller (0.03–0.1 μm) multivascular body-derived exosomes and larger (1–5 μm) apoptotic bodies which may contain fragmented DNA1. Exosomes are small export vesicles initially derived from the plasma membrane by an endocytosis-involving internalization of the later. In contrast, MPs are larger than exosomes and are derived directly from the plasma membrane after local cytoskeleton rearrangements and membrane budding2. Despite different generation mechanisms and effects, they have been considered as universal biomarkers of cell activation, injury or apoptosis, in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes.

Typically MPs range in size from 0.1 μm to 1.0 μm. They express surface markers from their parental cells that allow identification of MPs sub-groups according to their origin: from platelets (P-MPs), leukocytes (L-MPs), red blood cells (R-MPs), endothelial cells and other tissue cells. They harbor cell-derived membrane-bound and cytoplasmic proteins (e.g. chaperones) as well as bioactive lipids. However, MPs are not replicas of the maternal cells and plasma membrane, suggesting a level of selectivity in their formation and sorting of cellular proteins to release2,3. In fact, MPs release is a highly controlled process. According to proteomic data, plasma MPs are enriched in Ig μ-chains, J-chains, profilin I and cyclophilin A, suggesting that MPs-bound IgM may provide a mechanism for their clearance4.

As mentioned above, MPs can be formed through several induction pathways, which determine their different molecular profiles and biologic activities. A major aspect in cell biology is communication, which occurs through a direct contact between cells or by means of soluble substances, which react with cells. The fact that MPs released by cells influence other cells is a rather new concept but is a basic mechanism to deliver a message in a highly concentrated manner or to add a missing molecule. MPs exert their effects either via stimulation of target cells by receptor interaction or by direct transfer of their contents which can include membrane proteins and lipids, cytoplasmic components of the parent cell or RNA3,5. By this way, MPs may facilitate cell-to-cell interactions and transfer of signals and receptors between different cell types, inducing thus signalling and response in distant cells. Although not characterized in detail, it may be hypothesized that uptake and removal by cells occurs by similar or identical molecular mechanisms1. The importance of cellular communication via MPs is that they contain highly concentrated signalling components and thus the massive hit of every target cells by MPs' components is likely to be more effective than the activity of individual components in solution2. As a result, MPs represent nowadays a novel mechanism of intercellular communication mediating inflammation, coagulation and immune responses.

The rate of steady state release of MPs in the blood of healthy individuals is usually low1, however they are found elevated in a variety of pathologies including many thrombotic and inflammatory conditions. While it is not sure if this increase represents a contributor to or a result of the disease deterioration, it identifies MPs as potential biomarkers6,7. On the other hand, L-MPs participate in angiogenesis and as such, they have been suggested as novel therapeutic tools to reset the angiogenic switch in pathologies with altered angiogenesis6.

MPs are inherent part of all blood labile products delivered to transfused patients (Figure 1). They are present and accumulate in cellular (red blood cells RBCs, platelets PLTs) concentrates as well as in fresh frozen plasma (FFP) during storage8. A clinically important issue is that MPs may have pro-coagulant activities. It has been demonstrated that P-MPs have from 50 up to 100-times higher pro-coagulant activity than PLTs9. MPs exhibit tissue factor activity, so they may have a role in initiating blood coagulation4. During MPs release, the normal asymmetric distribution of phospholipids between the two leaflets of the plasma membrane is lost, resulting in the exposure of the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS). The later contributes to the pro-coagulant property of MPs since it serves for the assembly of coagulation factors into active complexes for thrombin generation. However, some observations also suggest the existence of MPs without PS externalization, like in the case of P-MPs derived from PLTs-poor plasma10 suggesting that they possess other activities aside from pro-coagulant phospholipid one. In recent years, a growing body of literature has demonstrated an increased incidence of adverse clinical outcomes associated with the transfusion of a large number of units or, potentially, with increased storage time of the units. These events include increased risk of infection, renal failure, respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, and death, particularly in physiologically compromised patient populations11,12. Since MPs accumulate in blood labile products during storage, transfusion of more or "older" units will offer to the recipient higher number of MPs. The transfused MPs could increase the risk of adverse reactions, by inducing a hypercoagulable state leading to thromboembolic complications. Inversely, in other situations requiring blood transfusion, a hypercoagulable state may be useful to diminish or even helping to stop the bleeding. Many clinical studies suggest that transfusions might be immunosuppressive, although these observations are not generally accepted13,14. However, a clinical study indicated that transfusions of RBCs might be responsible for a diminished survival in cancer patients15.

Figure 1

Microparticles (MPs) are inherent part of all blood labile products and are concomitantly delivered by transfusion to recipients. A growing body of literature has demonstrated an increased incidence of adverse clinical outcomes associated with the transfusion ...

This review outlines the current knowledge on MPs present in blood labile products used for transfusion: their formation, the effect of storage and their probable activities towards both the "storage lesion" progression as well as the post-transfusion effects. Although the current clinical studies offer only indirect manifestations of MPs activity in the recipients, a lot of data suggest that MPs cotransfused with stored cells and plasma may exert various favorable or adverse effects pre- and post-transfusion, but are definitely not bystanders in any step of this clinically important process.


This report examines the case of a 32-year-old male who initially presented with symptoms of eye pain, redness, and vision changes, and was subsequently diagnosed with anterior sclerouveitis. One week after his initial visit, the patient presented to the emergency department (ED) with daily bloody stools and left lower quadrant (LLQ) pain. Further workup and examination revealed a diagnosis of Crohn's disease. This report expands on ocular manifestations of Crohn's disease and touches on the importance of early gastrointestinal examination in patients who present with ocular symptoms.


The genomic DNA samples of tender leaves of approximately two hundred germplasms of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (varieties and clones) were isolated by improved CTAB method. The results showed that the extracted DNA of mature leaves by this method was pure and integral. The value of OD260/OD280 was 1.8 to 2.0. Degradation was nearly free. The RNA was eliminated completely, and suitable for digestion by restriction endonucleases. AFLP analysis indicated the primer (EcoRI-TA/MseI- CTT) produced clear polymorphic patterns. Therefore this method could be used for extracting ideal DNA samples from tender leaves of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. for AFLP analysis.


The aim of this research was to examine the thermal injury in the brain after a minimally invasive electrosurgery with the chromium nitride (CrN) and diamond-like carbon (DLC) surface modifications. Three-dimensional (3-D) brain models were reconstructed to simulate the electrosurgical
 procedure. Data indicated that the temperature decreased significantly when minimally electrosurgery with nanostructured CrN and DLC thin films were used, and that it continued to decrease with increasing film thickness. The present study reveals that the novel nanostructured thin film on
 electrode substrates is an effective means of improving the performance of reducing excessive thermal injury and uniformly distributing temperature in the brain. However, further tests in the clinical trial must be evaluated to confirm the effect and safety of promising findings in the brain
 electrosurgery.


I. IntroductionChristie is medically termed a transsexual, a term not often heard on the streets of Texas, nor in its courtrooms. If we look at other states or even other countries to see how they treat marriages of transsexuals, we get little help.Currently in America, one of the hotter political topics is the issue of same-sex marriage.Should it be allowed?2Should it be banned completely?3Should there be a compromise such as the state of Vermont devised in 2000?4Whatever is eventually decided, either state-by-state or at the national level, a point of no return was reached on May 17, 2004, when the 180-day stay period of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court's opinion in Goodridge v. Department of Health5 expired and the first legal same-sex marriages in the United States occurred-at least, the first unquestionably legal6 "same-sex marriages" not involving at least one individual whose legal sex status has had to be ruled upon.7Although the current political discourse regarding same-sex marriage seeks to set out limitations as to what can constitute a legally recognized familial relationship (hetero-limited or gay-inclusive as well), in almost all proposals which seek to limit "marriage" via definition to unions between "one man and one woman," one critical element is almost always left out: the definitions of "man" and "woman." As Mary Beth Norton has observed, "Persons of indeterminate sex . . . pose perplexing questions for any society."8 And, whether anyone on either side of the religio-political marriage battle is willing to admit so or not, a substantial number of human beings fall outside of the "vagina + XX chromosomes = woman / penis + XY chromosomes = man" dichotomy-a dichotomy that is perhaps even more false than it is popular.Perhaps because of this definitional vacuum (or perhaps for other reasons) such persons are all but absent from same-sex marriage discourse, even though twenty-first century society is not the first to face such questions and even though, prior to legal same-sex marriage actually taking place in North America (whether in Canada, San Francisco, or Massachusetts), the only people who have had any legitimately presumedto-be-preexisting rights extinguished by the fraudulently named "defense of marriage" acts have been transsexuals9-people who, if the legislative histories of such acts are to be viewed as having any credibility whatsoever, cannot rationally be viewed as having been targets of such legislation.10 Contrary to both the far left11 and the far right,12 gender ambiguity and gender variance are nothing new. And, the law's recognition that there are persons who fall outside the concreteness of the male-female dichotomy is nothing new.13Although now the issue almost always comes up in cases involving the validity of a marriage14 (or the ability to enter into a valid marriage15), the further back one goes into legal history, the more varied the situations get.16 This article will look at issues of gender variance and legal parameters of sex designation in Anglo-American law up through the end of the nineteenth century. Almost by necessity, however, other elements of the development of this area of the law will be addressed as well-most notably the early treatises such as Bracton and Coke Upon Littleton, which made specific, albeit limited, mention of the legal status of "hermaphrodites."17 The focus here will be on three cases, only one of which involved a marriage, and only two of which actually involve individuals who likely would (or even might) qualify either as "hermaphrodites" as the word was understood in the English common law or as intersexed (or even transsexual) in today's medico-legal understandings. Two of the cases are from England, but one is from early colonial Virginia.While being able to draw a number of conclusions from these cases (that would be of benefit not just to modern historians but also to practitioners and jurists) would be self-evidently desirable, doing so beyond the mere act of bringing them to the attention of modern legal practitioners likely would be difficult. …


Dear Editor We read with interest "Statins and the risk of pancreatic cancer in Type 2 diabetic patients—A population-based cohort study". Chen et al. reported that statin use may be correlated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in type 2 diabetic patients, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.55. In addition, a significant dose-response relationship was noted: the adjusted HRs were 0.78, 0.48 and 0.33 for 28–83, 84–180 and >180 cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) per year, respectively. However, it is probable that "immortal time bias" could partially explain this result. "Immortal time" refers to a time span in the observation period during which the outcome of interest could not occur because of exposure definition. In this study, because the "statin user" status is not defined at baseline, patients who remain at risk (i.e., without pancreatic cancer) for a longer period of time also have a greater chance to receive statin and then be classified as statin users. The time interval between index date and first use of statin, during which the patients were actually nonusers, is the "immortal time." As shown in the article, the average time interval was 2.19 years. Because patients who have a follow-up period less than one year were excluded, the nonuser group also had an "immortal time" of one year, but the longer "immortal time" among statin users could still bias the result. Consequently, the reported incidence rates of pancreatic cancer, which were 43.75 and 20.27 per 10 person-years for statin nonusers and users, were misleading, since part of the person-time of users (person-time prior to initiation of statin) should be classified as person-time of nonusers. In this study, the drug exposure was treated as a time-varying covariate. Theoretically, immortal time bias can be eliminated by a time-dependent Cox regression analysis when appropriately conducted. Nonetheless, since the follow-up is divided into one-year segments and the exposure status is determined during (not at the beginning of) this interval, immortal time bias still occurs. The last time interval for the patients who have incident pancreatic cancer is certainly less than one year, because cancer occurrence should be the end of follow-up. In contrast, patients who are event-free in the same time interval have an observational period of one whole year, except those censored. Therefore, patients with events have, in average, a shorter observation and thus lesser cDDD than those without events. In addition, immortal time bias would create a false correlation between a higher cDDD and a lower chance of event. For example, the event is unlikely to happen in patients with 360 cDDD in one time interval, because they must remain event-free for nearly one whole year to receive such dose of statin. Hence, the "dose-response relationship" may be simply the result of bias. This problem could be solved, if the drug exposure, as a time varying covariate, is redefined as cDDD in previous one year. In this way, each individual at each risk set has an equal observation period (one whole year) for determination of the exposure status, and thus there would be no immortal time bias. Finally, the survival analysis for cumulative rate of pancreatic cancer, as shown in Figure 2 of this study, is also problematic. By the study design, patients with longer duration of statin use would certainly have lower incidence of pancreatic cancer. For example, patients with statin use> 3 years could not have event in the first 3 years of follow-up, otherwise they would not be classified as such. More extremely, among patients with statin use> 10 years, no event could occur in the first 10 years of follow-up. It is still a problem of immortal time bias. A previous study has shown that >40% of researches using survival analysis with a time-dependent factor in leading clinical journals were susceptible to immortal time bias. Fortunately, the bias could be prevented either with appropriate study design or using time dependent analysis. We would like to know whether the protective effect persists or not after removal of the bias by appropriate analysis.


(1-x)(Sr0.2Nd0.208Ca0.488)Ti O3-x Nd(Ti0.5Mg0.5)O3(0.3≤ x ≤0.4, SNCT-NTMx) ceramics were prepared by solid sate reaction technique. In addition, the crystal structure, microstructures, sintering properties, and microwave dielectric properties of the SNCT-NTMx ceramics were investigated. These results showed that an orthorhombic perovskite structure with a minor amount of unknown secondary phase was formed in the ceramics with the compositions of 0.3≤ x ≤0.35. Additionally, the content of the second phase gradually increased with increasing x value to 0.4. For the SNCT-NTMx ceramics with an increase in NTM content, the dielectric constant(er) decreased, while the quality factor(Q×f) effectively improved, and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequencies(τf) gradually shifted to negative direction. An optimized microwave dielectric properties with er ~ 50.1, Q×f ~ 44, 910 GHz and τf ~ –1.7×10-6/℃ could be obtained for the ceramics with x = 0.35 after being sintered at 1520℃ for 4 h.


The overall, long-term goal of Competence Centre NIMED at Linkoping University is to transfer more research results to biomedical industries. This is done through graduate education and research collaboration, highly relevant for the biomedical industry.


A value-added tax (VAT) may induce businesses to make a clear decision as to operating outside the formal economy, with the VAT seen as a real cost. It is suggested that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are more likely to contribute to the cash economy, so it is important to have a greater understanding of the factors that may make SMEs more tax compliant, especially with VAT. Potential motivators for complying with a VAT are the managerial benefits that arise from keeping tax records. This article reports the findings from a survey of 240 SMEs in a developing country, with the findings suggesting that for non-compliant taxpayers, being aware of the potential managerial benefits from complying with VAT appears to be more persuasive than the imposition of penalties. In this way, compliance may be improved if taxpayers see "what's in it for me" in terms of complying with a country's VAT system.


This paper deals with Heidegger's approach into the objectification process starting from the basic of this modern phenomenon to its development in the era of modern technology. Firstly, we struggle for exposing the criticism presented by Heidegger to the modern position of the ontology based on the Vorhandenheit from the original project presented in Being and Time. Flowing thorough the fundamental ontology we analyze the philosopher's criticism of lack of understanding of the human being as a subject (subjetum) as the foundation for an interpretation of the objectification process. Thus, we intend to express the grounds for Heidegger's deconstruction of modern project. Then, by analyzing the truth, we take notice of a change in Heidegger's perspective in the understanding of metaphysics. The seek for the sense of the being gives way to the seek for the truth of being. It will establish the perspective of the historical event of being in the human itself. The sense of being as a project onto the horizon of understanding from Dasein gives way to critical appropriation of happening the truth of the being in a historical and philosophical approach, in which the global dimension of the technique is the concretion of this process. The technique is therefore the consummation of modern objectification process.


Simple Summary In the poultry industry, where the cost of feed constitutes most of the expenses, sudden changes in feed prices make it a challenge for nutritionists to maintain the yield and health of animals while managing the diet costs. It is the first solution that comes to mind to use inexpensive raw materials while preparing diets in practical conditions. In addition, feeds used in diets should be digestible by poultry. In the poultry digestive system, feeds such as sunflower meals are difficult to digest due to containing high cellulose because there is no cellulase secretion in the digestive system. The use of multi-enzyme which enhanced the digestibility of nutrients and decreased antinutritional compounds such as cellulose and nonstarch polysaccharides in diets with sunflower meal can positively affect performance and the profitability of the growers. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary sunflower meal (SFM) and multi-enzyme levels on performance, carcass traits, intestinal histomorphology and pancreatic enzyme production in quails. Three hundred and twenty, 1-day-old quail chicks were divided into 8 groups with 4 replicates consisting of 10 birds each in the group. The experiment was randomized design consisting of a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four levels of SFM (0%, 10%, 15%, or 20%) and two levels of multi-enzyme (0.0 or 1.0 g/kg) inclusion in the diet. The body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were negatively influenced by the 15% and 20% SFM (p < 0.01) but were not affected by the 10% SFM for 6 week age. The relative gizzard (p < 0.05) weights significantly increased with 20% SFM, but the relative breast weight decreased (p < 0.01). The relative liver weight increased by the addition of enzymes in the diet (p < 0.05). The villus width (p < 0.01) and villus surface area (p < 0.05) of ileum increased linearly with SFM, whereas the villus height (p < 0.01), villus height: crypt depth (p < 0.01) and tunica muscularis thickness (p < 0.01) decreased linearly with SFM. Consequently, it is possible to say that the birds with the least absorptive same weight are the most efficient. The addition of multi-enzyme increased villus height and crypt depth but decreased tunica muscularis thickness of ileum (p < 0.01). Chymotrypsin activity in the pancreas decreased linearly with SFM (p < 0.01). Amylase activity in the pancreas decreased significantly with the addition of the multi-enzyme (p < 0.05). As a result of the study, SFM can be used at a 10% level in growing quail diets with beneficial effects on the absorption surface area. The effects of enzyme supplementation on parameters measured were less pronounced than the SFM inclusion level that higher villus height and lower tunica muscularis thickness were determined in multi-enzyme-fed birds compared to those untreated counterparts.


article i nfo Article history: Accepted 5 July 2014 Available online 12 July 2014 Pitch relationships in music are characterized by their degree of consonance, a hierarchical perceptual quality that distinguishes how pleasant musical chords/intervals sound to the ear. The origins of consonance have been debated since the ancient Greeks. To elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these musical fundamentals,we recordedneuroelectricbrain activity whileparticipantslistenedpassivelytovarious chromatic musical intervals (simultaneously sounding pitches) varying in their perceptual pleasantness (i.e., consonance/ dissonance). Dichotic presentation eliminated acoustic and peripheral contributions that often confound expla- nations of consonance. We found that neural representations for pitch in early human auditory cortex code per- ceptual features of musical consonance and follow a hierarchical organization according to music-theoretic principles. These neural correlates emergepre-attentively within ~150 msaftertheonsetof pitch,are segregated topographically in superior temporal gyrus with a rightward hemispheric bias, and closely mirror listeners' be- havioral valence preferences for the chromatic tone combinations inherent to music. A perceptual-based organi- zation implies that parallel to the phonetic code for speech, elements of music are mapped within early cerebral structures according tohigher-order,perceptual principles and therules of Western harmony rather than simple acoustic attributes.


Summary form only given. In this research a self-consistent solution for the particle wave interaction inside RF cavities is presented. It is based on expanding the electromagnetic fields inside the RF cavity in terms of solenoidal and irrotational modes in a canonical cavity1-3. Using these field expansions in Maxwell's equations gives a system of ordinary differential equations of the mode amplitudes, and when combined with equations of motion describes a self-consistent solution of the wave-particle interaction. The electromagnetic energy is extracted through waveguide ports, through projecting the cavity modes on the waveguideones4-5. This technique can be called Particle in Mode(PIM), as the interaction problem is solved for particle positions and momenta, together with mode amplitudes describing the fields. The technique is used to simulate the charge Cherenkov radiation in dielectric loaded waveguide, where the results are compared with CST PIC simulation. Another interesting problem that can be solved is the Virtual Cathode Oscillator (Vircator). In both problems, the cavity is a cylindrical cavity with its end connected to a waveguide having the same radius as that of the cavity. The length of the cavity determines the simulation time period such that the particles collide and die on the outer wall before reaching the waveguide port or at least the simulation stops before any particle can reach the output port.


During somatic embryogenesis in Pa- paver orientale tissue cultures a permanent starch accumulation and a transient triacylglycerol accu- mulation were observed. The degradation of the lipids during plantlet development from embryoids was paralleled by an activity increase of the glyoxy- late-cycle enzymes malate synthase (EC22.214.171.124) and isocitrate lyase (EC 18.104.22.168). Fat accumulation and breakdown was interpreted as a reflection of seed formation and germination during normal de- velopment.


The subject of this article is the analysis of the conflict between the Russian Federation and Georgia in 2008. The conflict has opened a new stage in Russia's strategic drive to make decisions and implement them in areas recognized as important for the security of the country, even if they are outside its borders. The Georgian case clearly indicated that Russia wants to maintain its dominant position in the entire post-Soviet area. The region of the Caucasus remains an extremely important area for Russia, where it wants to maintain strategic control. The author proves in his article that the main determinants influencing the policy of the Russian Federation in the Caucasus region are: maintaining the greatest possible impact on the internal situation of the countries of the region, the maximum hindering possible integration with the Euro-Atlantic structures, the largest economic dependence on Russia, taking control over key sectors of the economy, maintaining military presence, isolation of the North Caucasus from Georgia, maintaining a monopoly on energy supplies, interest in Azeri mineral resources, striving to take over control of natural gas transport. The Russian-Georgian conflict of 2008 was one of the elements of Russia's demonstration of the consequences of maintaining its dominant position in the post-Soviet 1 Marcin Orzechowski, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7272-6589, Institute of Political Science and European Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Szczecin, e-mail: orzechowski.martin@ gmail.com. 31 THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION'S NEO-IMPERIAL area. The sphere of influence extends not only to Eastern Europe but also to the socalled Putin's doctrine extends, in fact, to the entire area of the former USSR.


Summary form only given. Optical switching and packet routing are highly desirable functions in optical communication networks. The requirements of both a high switching speed and low insertion loss can be met using semiconductor devices. Here we report the monolithic integration of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), electro-absorption (EA) modulators, and passive power splitters and combiners to form 2 /spl times/ 2 crosspoint switches.


Translation is a complex phenomenon that can be studied from many angles, of which editor Juliane House focusses on four, namely translating as a linguistic-textual operation, as intercultural comm...


Objective:To study the effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) on the regeneration and neurological functional recovery of transected spinal cord.Method:Thirty-two adult SD female rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n=6),sham operation group(n=6),spinal cord transection group(n=10) and spinal cord transection combined with treatment of GDNF(n=10).Behavioral evaluation,SEP,BDA tracing,NF-200,GFAP,GAP-43 immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the status of neurological deficit at 6 months after operation.Result:Compared with that in transected spinal cord rats,there was an apparent increase of the mean score of behavior in GDNF treatment group three weeks later(P0.05).No wave of SEP was recorded in GDNF group and transected spinal cord group.No nerver fiber stained with blue was found in BDA tracing of GDNF group and transected spinal cord group.There was no significant difference of NF-200 and GAP-43 expression between transected spinal cord group and GDNF group,whereas GFAP expression in transected spinal cord group was significantly higher than that in GDNF group(P0.05).Conclusion:GDNF is valuable to some extent for the regeneration of nerve fibers,but no functional regeneration of nerve fiber is observed.


The average combustion rate and the expansion during combustion of a freely rising cloud and a constituted mixture of a specific average concentration are compared. The rising cloud was obtained by rupturing a hydrogen-filled rubber balloon and was ignited at a given height with an incandescent spiral. A homogeneous mixture of known composition was ignited in a rubber balloon. The combustion characteristics of the cloud considered here pertain to the process when the combustion front moves as a continuous surface. Subsequent breakup of the visible front and deexcitation of the reacting mixture within the combustion products by certain regions were not considered. The combustion process was recorded by motion-picture photography of the burning flame. The flame's average propagation rate was determined as the ratio of the radius of the burning balloon, whose volume was equal to the volume of the combustion products, to the combustion time of the cloud. The greatest value for the average propagation rate of the flame of 2.5 m/sec was reached near stoichiometric dilution of the nucleus of the cloud. This dilution corresponded to a leaner mixture composition than that which produced maximum average propagation rate in the case of the homogeneous mixture. (BLM)


Research and Development (R&D) teams need an effective communication for sharing information between them in order to accomplish their goals and enhance performance. Thus, the purpose of this study is to discuss a conceptual framework of the impact of team communication practices on innovative R&D team performance and to determine the mediating impact of knowledge sharing on the relationship between team communication practices and team innovativeness. This is because despite all the incentives and financial assistance to attract investments in R&D activities, there remains a gap in understanding the role of communication in enhancing innovative R&D team performance. As such, it could be one of the contributing factors to the low achievements of R&D performance in Malaysia specifically amongst the universities. A systematic literature review will be conducted to identify, select and develop appropriate research instruments to be utilized in this study. Subsequently, this research is conducted at two Malaysia technical universities with the aim of attaining response from 30 R&D teams at these universities. This research is expected to benefit R&D teams in terms of enhancing their performance by practicing boundary spanning, communication safety, team reflexivity and task communication in team communication.


In this paper along with a brief theoretical analysis of the design aspects of recursive and non-recursive digital filters, derivation of design algorithms and their performance characteristics are studied with the help of general-purpose digital computer, Honeywell-400. The basic mathematical tools used are the well-known z-transformation calculus and the bilinear z-transformation methods. We have presented in this paper in some detail the digital filtering with sampled spectrum frequency shift technique and its application to spectral estimation and the design procedure of a bank of filters using the methods along with the performance results.


Abstract : Maintenance dredging is a common practice in inlets and channels for navigation. As a part of regional sediment management, the dredged material is often used for nearby shore protection. One method is placing sand directly on the adjacent beach. The other is placement of a nearshore berm, i.e., to add sediment to the littoral system and/or act as a breakwater to dissipate wave energy and slow erosion (Allison and Pollock, 1993). Compared to beach fill, berm nourishment may have the advantage of being less costly with more lenient restrictions on the dredged material.


This article discusses the urgent problems of the formation of intra-advertising company, formulated the basic principles of its formation, contributing to success of the enterprise and strengthening its position in the market for goods and services.


High-throughput sequencing techniques are increasingly used and allows to measure a large quantity of data at different levels of the living organism under study. As the cost of such techniques becomes more affordable, the complexity of the design of the experiments also increases and a biological process can now be observed dynamically. In this case, repeated measurements of one or several omics are acquired in order to monitor the evolution of a given biological process. When wanting to integrate such data to have a global overview of the time-course evolution, the biologist has to face several difficulties: i) the longitudinal nature of the data has to be taken into account, ii) data coming from different sources have to be related. In the present paper, we address the issue of predicting a given numerical target variable from time-course multivariate data. The proposed method is an extension of the STATIS approach


Experimental investigation of active flow control on the aerodynamic performance of a flying wing is conducted. Subsonic wind tunnel tests are performed using a model of a 35° swept flying wing with an nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge (NS-DBD) plasma actuator, which is installed symmetrically on the wing leading edge. The lift and drag coefficient, lift-to-drag ratio and pitching moment coefficient are tested by a six-component force balance for a range of angles of attack. The results indicate that a 44.5% increase in the lift coefficient, a 34.2% decrease in the drag coefficient and a 22.4% increase in the maximum lift-to-drag ratio can be achieved as compared with the baseline case. The effects of several actuation parameters are also investigated, and the results show that control efficiency demonstrates a strong dependence on actuation location and frequency. Furthermore, we highlight the use of distributed plasma actuators at the leading edge to enhance the aerodynamic performance, giving insight into the different mechanism of separation control and vortex control, which shows tremendous potential in practical flow control for a broad range of angles of attack.


Purpose; The Korean police are tasked with maintaining the order of security, focusing on the local police, who are both national and closest to residents. It was necessary to systematically identify and take countermeasures against the preventive police, whose psychological status of police officers' psychological contract violations based on organizational changes and employment relations, based on the assumption that the relationship to the organized civic action was negative, and to investigate the organizational Justice of local police officials in Korea and the psychological contract violation factors that were closely related to their work. The Korean police system, which has changed its organization, suggests that the local police-centered autonomous police system, which is scheduled to be implemented soon, is ideal for local police officers at the level of metropolitan and provincial governments. This should be a discussion on the introduction of a local police-centered autonomous police system based on the will of residents-friendly local residents rather than the introduction of a self-governing police system suitable for the government's policies. This is due to the effective functioning of local police to effectively operate crime prevention and investigation functions of local police to improve the quality of life of residents. Therefore, If the government identifies the organizational fairness of Korean police officers who have a significant impact on organizational civic action and the factors influencing psychological contract violations after the contract, and sets the goal for improvement, it will improve the quality of security services by enhancing the level of organized civic action of Korean police officials. There has been a lot of discussion about autonomous police, but there has been no active discussion among local police officers trying to restructure the Korean policeoriented organization in line with the realization of investigative rights. This led to the need for research. The results of this study suggest that the psychological contract violation and organizational Justice of the Korean police can have a significant impact on organizational civic behavior, and that the quality of the security service is expected to be improved by the quality of the police activities of senior officers, police officers, and police officers. [Keywords] Korean Police Officials, Autonomous Police System, Psychological Contract Violations, Organizational Justice, Organizational Citizenship Behavior


Microstrip patch antennas are common for GNSS applications due to their low profile, small size, ease of fabrication, and low cost. Typically, the radiation characteristics of a single-element patch antenna are fixed, with an inability to electronically control the radiation characteristics in azimuth and elevation. This paper presents a single-aperture (i.e., single-element) GNSS patch antenna that can electronically control the radiation characteristics, by placing an area of high directivity with a commensurate area of low directivity in a particular direction that may be useful for interference suppression. Here, the performance of a circular four probe-fed GPS L5 patch antenna over a circular ground plane is illustrated with an amplitude and phase control subsystem for pattern control. The overall design approach is outlined and supported with computational electromagnetic model (CEM) simulations and measured results. The fabrication of the antenna is illustrated and the measured results at the component level and anechoic chamber radiation characteristics are presented to illustrate the pattern control aspects of the antenna. Gain (i.e., directivity) suppression is achieved at, above, and below the horizon in the commanded null direction, with gain suppression at the horizon varying from 4-13 dB and null depth varying from 22-35 dB. This control has a major advantage by controlling the radiation characteristic to allow for mitigation of interfering signals at, above, and below the horizon.