With the advent of the twentieth century and the development of modernist literature, novels changed - they began to develop the capacity to be much more psychological. Prominent among the American authors of this style and era is William Faulkner, who wrote one of his most famous novels, As I Lay Dying, in 1930. Set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, the story follows the Bundren family as they take their mother, Addie, to her native county to bury her. The family includes the deceased Addie, the father, Anse, and their five children: Cash, Darl, Jewel, Dewey Dell and Vardaman. Once Addie dies, the Bundrens commence their journey. When they finally arrive in Jefferson and bury the body, Darl has gone insane and is taken away to an asylum, a symptom of the broken state of the characters and the family. This grotesquely comic story espouses many themes - primary amongst them, the finality of death. Critic Edmond Volpe writes, "In the very process of honoring the dead, the Bundrens' funeral journey... is a grotesque proof of how dead the dead really are" (130). Death is the central point of the story, and it profoundly affects each member of the Bundren family.However, critical inquiry has, for the most part, foregone explicitly examining the characters of the work. Benjamin Widiss, in "Fit and Surfeit in As I Lay Dying," an exploration of referentiality in the work, touches on the novel's interaction with the psychology of death, saying, "In nominating a new Mrs. Bundren so precipitously on the heels of the old, Anse flouts... the decorum of mourning rituals and the emotional well-being of his offspring" (Widiss 99). However, Widiss does not pursue this point as the main focus of his study - even though he assumes that the psychological level of the text can add an extra dimension, beyond "a superficially formal continuum or... reference[s] to abstract parallels and ironies of theme" (Adamowski 208). Similarly, Faulkner had ideas not just about innovative writing techniques, but also about the human condition - Max Westbrook comments, "[For] William Faulkner, psychological time is central to the human condition" (131). Therefore, critical inquiry can and should be shifted to focus on the psychological aspect of As I Lay Dying, to supplement more formalist studies. In William Faulkner's novel As I Lay Dying, the characters' different reactions to Addie's death can be psychoanalyzed to show the range of emotions experienced when a family member dies, and these reactions emphasize the intrinsic selfishness of all human beings.Before embarking on psychoanalyzing the main characters of the novel, however, it is necessary to qualify why psychoanalysis (and in particular, what type of psychoanalysis) is appropriate for analyzing Faulkner's work. On a general level, Faulkner's literature is psychologically interesting "because the scope, detail, and philosophical depth of his oeuvre provide[s] ample testing ground" (Hagood 8). A more specific argument for psychoanalysis of As I Lay Dying comes from Faulkner's use of stream-of-consciousness narration. This narrative technique "attempts to render the consciousness of a character by recording the flow of conscious thought... in a character's mind" (Rashke 110). By using stream-of-consciousness narration, Faulkner is opening up the minds of his characters, laying them bare - which provides ample ground for psychological inquiry; similarly, this opening actively invites psychoanalysis, because it must have a purpose. For Faulkner, every part of the book has meaning - as many different critical studies have shown. In As I Lay Dying, he deliberately decided to emphasize and display the characters' minds, begging the question of what is hidden there and why - which is what this essay tries to unravel.Even though we have established psychoanalysis as a suitable tool for studying As I Lay Dying, the larger question remains: how to engage in studying the text. There are many types of literary psychoanalysis, examining everything from the author's state of mind to the reader's reaction to the text. …


The invention provides a vibration sensor with a platform mounted Bragg c frequency shifter and heterodyne detection system, wherein the reference beam is modulated with the component of platform vibration normal to the sensing beam, such that a similar modulation of the sensing beam is cancelled by the heterodyning process.


he originating cause of this article lies in an attempt to overcome the difficulties encountered by students when learning Swahili, especially of those, who, having spent a few years in East Africa, are yet unable to attain a fair standard of proficiency. The difficulties met with by one student, and the mistakes he falls into, appear to be common to many. 'This suggests that all view Swahili from the same standpoint, and this in turn leads one to think that the study of Swahili needs to be represented from an entirely new angle. This article, therefore, is an attempt to present that new view-point, in subject matter representative and suggestive rather than exhaustive.


A well ordered porous oxide film on aluminum alloy was prepared by a three-stage process in electrolyte of boric-sulfuric-oxalic acids. The relevant growth mechanism of oxide film in the processes with modes of galvanostatic and reduced voltage was elaborated. The morphology and microstructure of the oxide films were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM). The corrosion performance of the films in 3.5% NaCl solution was examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization curves. The results show that the anodic film exhibits to be regular and dense with pore diameter of 10~13 nm. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of anodic oxide film could be described as that the impedance and corrosion resistance was increased with the increasing thickness of the film and the cell wall.


Natural and synthetic plant growth regulators have been used with increasing frequency to modify crop plants by changing the rate or pattern, or both, of their responses to the internal and external factors that govern development from germination. The use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in modern horticulture is well established, particularly in horticulture in industrially advanced countries, and their application is fast picking up in developing nations as well. The research review indicated that the use of plant growth regulators, regulation of plant metabolism, control of flowering, effects on fruit set and development, control of abscission, Breaking of Seed dormancy and seed germination, enhancing and regulation of flowering, controlling flower drop, fruit thinning, fruit setting, parthenocarpy, post-harvest management and extending the shelf life of horticultural crops.


We investigate the use of two or more linked lists, for both population size estimation and the relationship between variables appearing on all or only some lists. This relationship is usually not fully known because some individuals appear in only some lists, and some are not in any list. These two problems have been solved simultaneously using the EM algorithm. We extend this approach to estimate the size of the indigenous Māori population in New Zealand, leading to several innovations: (1) the approach is extended to four lists (including the population census), where the reporting of Māori status differs between registers; (2) some individuals in one or more lists have missing ethnicity, and we adapt the approach to handle this additional missingness; (3) some lists cover subsets of the population by design. We discuss under which assumptions such structural undercoverage can be ignored and provide a general result; (4) we treat the Māori indicator in each list as a variable measured with error, and embed a latent class model in the multiple system estimation to estimate the population size of a latent variable, interpreted as the true Māori status. Finally, we discuss estimating the Māori population size from administrative data only. Supplementary materials for our article are available online.


The relationship between grindability of blast-hole cuttings, strength parameters and bit wear rate were investigated. In order to achieve this, drill cuttings were collected from twenty blast-holes drilled in a quarry. The samples were tested in the laboratory for Silica content using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. Also, the length of button worn on the surface of bit was measured at regular interval with aid of digital vernier caliper on the field as drilling operation progresses to determine wear rate. Sieve analysis was used to determine the size distribution of the blast hole cuttings in the laboratory using sieve shaker while grindability was determined using the ball mill, by grinding for certain number of revolutions. The result obtained show that the weight of drill cuttings retained on 850μm decreases while weight retained on 75μm increases as wear rate increases. Grindability was correlated with wear rate and weight retained at 75μm sieve, the value of multiple coefficients of correlation is 0.126 and 0.064 respectively, this show that there is no relationship between grindability, wear rate and weight of cuttings retained on 75μm. The result of correlation of wear rate and weight retained at 75μm shows that strong relationship exist between them and the value of multiple coefficient of correlation is 0.892.


This study investigates the inclusion of environmental performance in transport contracts, and studies if differencesin inclusion can be explained by intra-organizational involvement. Findings from ...


Many people are now routinely building grammar-based language models for interactive spoken language applications; these language models are typically ad hoc semantic grammars which ignore many standard linguistic constraints, in particular grammatical agreement. We describe a series of experiments in which we took three CFG-based language models from non-trivial implemented systems, and in each case contrasted the performance of a version which included agreement constraints against a version which ignored them. Our findings suggest that inclusion of agreement constraints significantly improves performance in terms of both word error rate and semantic error rate.


The feature interaction problem was originally considered in the telecommunications domain and expanding to software engineering which occurs when the composition of features leads to undesirable system behaviors. In this paper we explore a semantic web based method to model features in requirements phase and detect interactions among features via semantic web rule language. The specifications of features are represented with the OWL semantic web languages, and interaction scenarios are expressed with semantic rules. The proposed method can be applied to detect infestations of features with tool support as Protégé and SWRLTab for automation.


An inverse algorithm is developed to reconstruct multi-dimensional surface heat flux using transient surface temperature measurements provided by narrow-band thermal liquid crystals (TLC) or phase-change material (PCM). In this thermographic technique, the information provided is the time it took a certain location to reach the characteristic temperature of the TLC or PCM. A quadratic functional to be minimized is formulated. The Levenberg-Marquardt method and genetic algorithms are used to minimize the functional. It is shown that GA's can be used successfully to retrieve surface heat flux distributions with significant error in input times to arrival at the TLC or PCM critical temperature.


The treatment of headaches and migraines have been a major concern in Greece since Hippocrates. Ancient and Hellenistic Greek physicians gave many discussions of the symptoms of cephalalgia and their treatment, while Byzantine medical writers added to those descriptions and offered new therapeutic methods. On the island of Crete, during the Venetian occupation (1205–1669), medical students, after their studies at the great European universities, brought back classical and Byzantine knowledge of healing diseases, including headaches. But after the Ottoman Turks seized the island, practical doctors handled medical prophylaxis. These folk healers preserved their knowledge in treatises called iatrosophia for use by their neighbors and friends. In this paper, I analyze passages from two Cretan iatrosophia for their description and treatment of headaches and migraines. Some recipes are drawn from classical and Byzantine formal medical texts, but others are traditional medical cures preserved over the centuries by villagers and practical doctors and consist of natural pharmacological ingredients (plants, herbs, animal substances, minerals). But because these treatments were sometimes ineffective, the iatrosophia also offer headache remedies containing magical spells, phylacteries, exorcisms, and prayers. Such multiple approaches to healing (natural, supernatural, supranatural) reflected a cultural mindset that welcomed any and all forms of healing.


The analysis of current trends in the socio-economic development of the country in addition to problems associated with the training of qualified professionals of a certain level arises the problem of leadership qualities formation in the future graduates of vocational education institutions. So, professional training of future teachers of physical culture is impossible without profound understanding and developing of professionally important leadership qualities in the process of future specialists' formation. The object of the current research is the basic structure of students' leadership potential as basis for the professionally important leadership qualities of the future teachers of physical culture. The purpose of the research to identify the leadership potential in students as future teachers of physical culture. The research methods used are: 1) analysis of the scientific and methodical publications; 2) testing; 3) methods of mathematical data processing. As a result of this work, the state of the researched problem in the modern scientific and methodical publications was studied. The research methods were chosen, the level of professionally significant leadership qualities was defined, and the level of leadership potential development in students as future teachers of physical culture was identified. Н. И. Горшков The analysis of the data allowed making changes to the process of training future teachers of physical culture and activating their leadership potential. Conclusions: 1. According to the theoretical analysis, the author can determine that the student's leadership potential is a developing system of their abilities and resource capacities for successful demonstration of leadership qualities in objective conditions. 2. According to the developing diagnostics, professionally important leadership qualities can be defined as the basis of leadership potential structure. 3. According to the diagnostic results, the author can conclude that the level of professionally important leadership qualities formation is middle or low and it is not sufficient for future teachers of physical culture.


Flow over cavities can behave in one of three different modes, namely, the wake mode, the shear-layer mode, and the no-oscillations mode. In this study, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes...


The term 'primary melanocytic neoplasm'covers a wide disease spectrum, from well differentiated meningeal melanocytoma to malignant melanoma, its most aggressive malignant counterpart. Previous reports have shown that due to the paramagnetic effect of melanin, melanocytic neoplasms show high signal intensity on T1-weighted images and very low signal intensity on T2-weighted images, with relatively homogeneous contrast enhancement. The differentiation of leptomeningeal malignant melanoma from benign melanocytoma is important because of their different prognosis but on the basis of imaging findings alone is difficult. Ultrastructural immunohistochemical analysis is a possible alternative. We report the imaging findings of rare primary malignant melanoma, revealed by noncontrast-enhanced CT as a high-density mass, and demonstrating high signal intensity on T1-weighted images, and very low signal intensity on T2WI, with relatively good contrast enhancement.


In this study, two groups of second graders participated in Fluency-Oriented Reading Instruction (FORI) but their repeated reading experiences used different kinds of texts. One group—the Literature group—read texts from the district's literature-based, basal reading program. The second group—the Content group—read from a set of science and social studies texts that were written to have few rare, multisyllabic, single-appearing words. Control-group students read from the district's literature-based program. Both intervention groups made greater gains in reading rate than Control group students and Content students made greater gains in reading rate than Literature students. Content and Literature groups outperformed Control students on the comprehension measure but did not perform significantly differently from one another. The gains made by the Content classrooms were made in approximately half the amount of time allocated to reading instruction as by Literature classrooms.


The given article is devoted to the legislative activity of public prosecution bodies. The author points out that the participation in lawmaking activities enables the public prosecution bodies to realize their duty to protect the rights. And this duty provides supremacy of law. The public prosecution bodies don't possess a right of legislative initiative but all the same the public prosecution bodies are the essential participants of the formation of the laws and regulations system of the Russian Federation.


In the framework of the Phase-Referenced Imaging and Micro-arcsecond Astrometry facility (PRIMA) developed for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), a sophisticated opto-mechanical system has been developed by TNO-TPD. It will be placed at the Coudé focus of the telescopes and will allow picking up two stars anywhere in a 2 arcmin field-of-view and collimating their light into two beams that will propagate through the rest of the interferometer toward the instrument. These Star Separator systems have a very high optical quality, fast and accurate pointing and chopping, independent high speed remote control of the beam tip-tilt and of the pupil position. They are very rigid, accurate mechanical systems non-sensitive to temperature variations The Star Separator systems are described in this paper.


The rapid improvement of the economic level has led to the prosperity of sports, and the rehabilitation training of athletes has also developed rapidly and has attracted widespread attention from all over the world. How to make track and field athletes quickly relieve the negative impact of sports injuries on the body during rehabilitation training is the most concerned issue in the field of sports medicine today. The traditional rehabilitation training cycle is long, and the rehabilitation effect is very small, which cannot fundamentally eliminate the injury and restore the athletes' various physical functions and sports qualities to the original level. This article combines the latest artificial intelligence and virtual reality technology to analyze the causes and control strategies of athletes' injuries and to understand the reasons for the injuries of track and field athletes in daily training and the various factors that affect their rehabilitation. And it was used in rehabilitation training practice and analyzed from four aspects: body shape, physical function, sports quality, and rehabilitation effect. The experimental results show that the rehabilitation training using artificial intelligence and virtual reality technology can make the athletes' physical function recover more than 96%, and the overall average rehabilitation effect can reach 93.79 points, which is feasible to a certain extent. The application of artificial intelligence and virtual reality technology to the current stage of rehabilitation training can effectively improve the rehabilitation effect of track and field athletes.


Purchase examinations are frequently performed in equine practice and usually include physical, lameness, laboratory, and radiographic examinations. In some cases examination of the airway with a fiberoptic endoscope, cardiovascular or breeding soundness examinations are included. Properly performed examinations, skilled evaluation of the examination findings, and clear client communication are critically important to the successful conclusion of the equine purchase evaluation. When performed successfully, whether a decision is made to purchase the horse or not, the buyer should be satisfied that the examination was accurate and the information provided by the attending veterinarian was clear and concise.


The results of phytochemical analysis of raw materials Plantago lanceolata (leaf) are stated. Discovered flavonoids, iridoids, phenol carbonic acid, tocopherol, sitosterol, isosorbide, squalene, ascorbic acid. The antioxidant activity of the infusion Plantago lanceolata was 10.6 ± 0.2 to quercetin. Identified antimicrobial effect of infusion and tincture of Plantago lanceolata against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli , Candida albicans .


The paper designs a system communications network for underground mine protection. The network structure of the system employs 485 Bus to achieve interconnection of communication nodes,automatic address assignment,query on the number of nodes,fault detection and other functions. The system uses CAN bus for communication between the input and output module nodes that have been assigned addresses to realize underground environment monitoring. And the system can achieve long-distance communications with repeater. The network communication system is suitable for underground mine protection owing to its flexibility,automatic address assignment and other characteristics.


Abstract The critical literature review summarizes and appraises studies that have been pursued by music scholars examining the contributions of music to peacebuilding as well as the role of music in violence. These two bodies of literature are rarely brought into dialogue, but I juxtapose them in order to confront the idea of music's exceptionalism as inherently good or neutral. I further highlight the specific issues and questions that arise from considering the findings on music's role in peace and violence together. The goal of this piece is to help situate the other JPE special issue articles within the existing efforts in music and peacebuilding, to indicate fruitful areas for future research, and to raise ideas and concerns for praxial interventions that might be developed to use music in peacebuilding.


Aim: To compare the sensitivity of SYBR Green I stain with ethidium bromide(EB)stain in quantitative PCR(Q-PCR).Methods: The DNA samples were isolated from 26 cases of Down's syndrome and 20 normal subjects. The DNA amplification products were subjected to agarose gels with SYBR Green I stain and EB stain, respectively. The optical densitometry of the PCR products was measured.Results: DNA amplification products in 24 cycles stained with SYBR Green I were clearly visualized and quantitatively detected,but DNA amplification products stained with EB could not be quantitatively analyzed until 28 cycles.Conclusion: SYBR Green I is more sensitive and rapid for detecting DNA in Q-PCR assay compared with EB.


Besides being important for industrial applications, colloidal suspensions have long served as model systems, both in experiments and theory, for investigating the structure and dynamics of condensed matter. The simplest colloidal system, a suspension of hard spheres, already exhibits an elaborate phase diagram. Additional intriguing phenomena, such as the plastic crystal (PC) phase, are introduced if particles are anisotropic. PCs are characterised by crystalline centre of mass (COM) ordering while they lack long-range order in the particles' orientations. Recently, it has been demonstrated experimentally that, in contrast to hard spheres, apparently a small anisotropy is sufficient to dramatically change the viscoelastic response under external shearing fields, of which the microscopic mechanisms are not yet sufficiently understood. In the present work, non-equilibrium Brownian dynamics (NEBD) simulations of colloidal hard dumbbells in oscillatory shear fields are developed and employed to elucidate the novel findings in close connection with comprehensive rheology and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. Furthermore, by utilising Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations and linear response theory, the impact of anisotropy on structure and dynamics of such suspensions in equilibrium is analysed. In the linear response limit, the shear viscosity exhibits a dramatic increase at high packing fractions beyond a critical anisotropy of the particles. This indicates that, even for the small investigated anisotropies, newly occurring, collective rotationaltranslational couplings must be made responsible for slow time scales appearing in the PC. Moreover, a non-equilibrium transition emerging at moderate aspect ratios is revealed by NEBD of plastic crystalline suspensions under oscillatory shear. The transition behaviour is systematically studied with respect to the particles' aspect ratio at various frequencies and strains. It is demonstrated that the continuous nature of the transition is retained for very low aspect ratios only. Above a certain aspect ratio, the transition is mediated by an intermediate disordered state. Furthermore, a partially oriented sliding layer state featuring a finite collective order in the particles' orientations is observed at high strains. Hence, this thesis demonstrates that the NEBD simulations explain novel phenomena in rheology and scattering experiments. In the light of these experiments, it is shown that the orientational degree of freedom has a vigorous impact on the structural transition under increasing oscillatory shear.


Characterized by the provision of immediate care to victims of accident or sudden illness, in situations where their physical state threatens life, first aid can be performed by anyone, provided that they have the proper knowledge about the subject. The aim of this study is to evaluate the importance of teachers' knowledge about first aid. This is a systematic review study, followed by a meta-analysis covering the databases conducted in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem Online (MEDLINE/PUBMED), in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature (LILACS) and in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Articles were used in the languages Portuguese, English and Spanish, with the publication period of the last 5 years, using the descriptors in DeCS: First aid, knowledge and teachers, using the operator Booleano AND. Inconclusive and/or replicated articles, studies not available completely and free of charge, without focusing on impacts caused, reports, reviews were excluded. The analysis represents a total effect of 0.54 with CI of 0.49 and 0.59, which represents a size of great effect on the lack of knowledge of teachers about first aid. Therefore, it is of fundamental importance the knowledge of the population and not only of health Brazilian Journal of Development Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 6, n. 8 , p.63975-63985, aug. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 63977 professionals, with regard to first aid actions and their relevance, based on practical training to assist victims in emergency situations.


Do you fully understand the latest fad in consumer research—the study of DISSONANT consumers? The author of this thought-provoking article explains the complications and pitfalls of research in this area.


The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of the dosimetric compliance criteria of the NRG-HN002 clinical trial, using different treatment planning systems and different delivery techniques, with the aim of optimizing the initial launch of this national head and neck cancer radiotherapy trial. Five benchmark patients meeting the eligibility criteria for NRG-HN002 were included in this study. Contours for target volumes and organ at risks were drawn according to the study guidelines. Two IMRT and two VMAT plans were developed for each patient using Varian Eclipse and the auto-planning module in Philips Pinnacle. Dose volume histograms of the plans were analyzed and compared using MIM software and tested against the compliance criteria of the protocol. All dosimetric compliance criteria were met using the two treatment planning systems and delivery techniques, except the maximum dose for PTV_4800 when it overlapped with higher dose PTVs. The coverage for the three PTVs (PTV_6000, PTV_5400 and PTV_4800) was achieved and also the PTV maximum doses were not exceeded in both IMRT and VMAT plans. The average maximum dose in all plans for SpinalCord_05, Spinal Cord and BrainStem_03 were 45 ± 4 Gy, 40 ± 5 Gy and 30 ± 9 Gy. Recommended dose values for other OARs (Parotid_Contra, larynx, pharynx, Sub Mandibular_Contra, Oral Cavity, Esophagus_Up, Mandible and NonPTV) were also achieved with minor deviations in very few occasions. The maximum dose of PTV_4800 criterion was removed from the protocol based on the results of this study. For radiotherapy-based clinical trials, this feasibility testing process is a model for reducing planning deviations and the necessity for amendments to the dosimetric criteria subsequent to activation.


Acknowledgments xiii Introduction: Endgame 1 Part One: The End of the Debt Supercycle 11 Chapter 1: The Beginning of the End 15 Chapter 2: Why Greece Matters 31 Chapter 3: Let s Look at the Rules 45 Chapter 4: The Burden of Lower Growth and More Frequent Recessions 73 Chapter 5: This Time Is Different 91 Chapter 6: The Future of Public Debt: An Unsustainable Path 109 Chapter 7: The Elements of Deflation 133 Chapter 8: Inflation and Hyperinflation 157 Part Two: A World Tour: Who Will Face Endgame First? 175 Chapter 9: The United States: The Mess We Find Ourselves In 181 Chapter 10: The European Periphery: A Modern-Day Gold Standard 215 Chapter 11: Eastern European Problems 233 Chapter 12: Japan: A Bug in Search of a Windshield 247 Chapter 13: The United Kingdom: How to Quietly Inflate Away Your Debt 261 Chapter 14: Australia: Could It Follow in Ireland's Footsteps? 273 Chapter 15: Unintended Consequences: Loose Monetary Policies and Emerging Markets 283 Conclusion: Investing and Profiting from Endgame 293 Epilogue: Some Final Thoughts 297 Notes 301 About the Authors 309 Index 311


Combustion/Cooling performance of a liquid rocket thrust chamber with high expansion ratio has been analyzed to verify the predictive capability of the design/analysis tool. A series of static firing tests and corresponding analysis have been performed with a subscale model of the combustor for KSLV-II upper stage engine. Measured pressure on the chamber wall of the supersonic nozzle section and the coolant temperature have been compared with the computed results. Quantitative agreement between the experiment and analysis has been observed with respect to the near-wall chamber pressure distribution in the highly expanded flow region and the temperature of the cooling water by taking account of the soot layer deposition properly. Performance of the analysis tool should be enhanced by further verification against upcoming firing tests.


Objective: Prospective study to evaluate the influence of duration of surgery on the occurrence of infection as well as the duration of hospitalization, and seek to identify risk factors for the development of infections in the postoperative of major surgery of the digestive tract. Methods: We analyzed a sample of 172 patients undergoing elective major surgery in the digestive tract, performed in a teaching hospital, from January 2009 to July 2011. We computed the duration of surgery and hospitalization time, antibiotics use, urine cultures when indicated, and infections associated with urinary and respiratory complaints. We considered surgical infections when they occurred in the surgical site, urinary and/or respiratory tract during the first 30 days after surgery. Statistics: For categorical variables, we employed the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests; for quantitative data we used Pearson's correlation and Student t test, and the Linear Regression Model. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: From 172 evaluated patients, 15 (8.7%) had postoperative infection and 157 (91.3%) did not. There was no relation of dependence (p>0.05) between the variable gender and smoking with the presence of postoperative infection. The ASA surgical risk and the dosage of urea, creatinine, aminotransferases, red blood cells count, coagulation tests and chest x-ray showed no relationship of dependency (p>0.05) with postoperative infection. The Pearson correlation analysis (1% significance) showed that the duration of operations and duration of hospitalization influenced the prevalence of postoperative nosocomial infection (p<0.05). Conclusion: In patients undergoing major surgical procedures of digestige tract the prevalence of postoperative infections was 8.7%, correlated with the duration of the operative time and hospital stay.


We report measurements of misfit dislocation propagation velocities in GexSi1−x epilayers grown upon Ge(100) substrates, as opposed to the more usual Si(100) substrates. This geometry allows us to study structures with high Ge concentration (x≥0.8), and to compare with previous extensive measurements for lower Ge concentration layers (x≤0.35) grown upon Si(100). It is found that all data are well described by a misfit dislocation velocity which is linear with excess stress, and which incorporates a compositionally dependent activation energy with linear interpolation between bulk values for Si and Ge. The combined data sets from structures grown on Si(100) and Ge(100) substrates is analyzed in the framework of the diffusive double kink model for dislocation motion.


The iron losses occurring in an 11‐mil cube‐textured silicon‐iron specimen, a 12‐mil singly oriented silicon‐iron specimen, and a 14‐mil nonoriented silicon‐iron specimen when subjected to a 60‐cps elliptically polarized magnetic field (EPMF) are measured by means of a technique described previously and these EPMF losses are presented and compared. In general, the loss due to the EPMF was found to be equal to or less than the sum of the 60‐cps alternating losses at the two induction levels that are the major and minor components of the EPMF. In the singly oriented and nonoriented silicon‐iron specimens, a decrease in the losses for increasing flux densities for large elliptical fields is observed. The decrease continues until the eddy current loss becomes sufficiently large compared to the decrease in the rotational hysteresis loss to cause an increase in the total loss. This behavior was not found in the cube‐textured specimen. An empirical expression, derived from the known pure alternating losses, is g...


Background, purpose. Work motivation is a potential predictor of employee turnover, job satisfaction, commitment, job performance and psychological wellbeing. Researchers argue that motivated employees work more effectively. The purpose of the current study was to identify biological (gender, age and health), psychological (personality traits) and social (marital status, children, work sector and position) factors related to employees' work motivation. It was also predicted that subjectively perceived job effectiveness might contribute significantly to the model of employees' work motivation. Material and methods. The sample for the study consisted of 310 Lithuanian employees. The questionnaire constructed according to the instructions of Vroom Expectancy Theory was used to assess work motivation. Personality traits were assessed by Big Five Inventory. Biological and social factors were identified via a self constructed questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic information as well as employee health issues. A two item scale was devised for assessing perceived work effectiveness. Results. Results of the study showed that extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience and managerial position were related to work motivation. Conclusions. Structural equation modeling results indicated that work motivation was associated with the personality factors of extraversion and conscientiousness when the subjective work effectiveness has the mediating effect.


The concept of human resources engineering is introduced, which is the process of using human skill resources as factors in design trade-off studies. The development of the military's response to human resources needs in systems is traced from the reacting phase, through the current predicting phase, to a possible future phase involving some degree of control. The implementation of the control phase will require a human resources engineering technology. The establishing of such a technology will require research in the areas of data structuring, methods for relating data to design and life cycle costing, and computerized banks of human resources data.


This report looks at the role played by gender in determining labour market participation It shows how women's and men's employment preferences are related to the kinds of jobs they do, as well as to their domestic circumstances, and compares the wishes of those who are currently employed with those of job seekers.


were bent in one direction (to the cathode side) by certain direct current (dc) voltages, with high electrosensitivity. PVA fibers have good thermal stability, chemical resistance, water permeability, and biocompatibility, [20‐22] and are excellent materials for the study of artificial skin, blood vessels, and muscles. Here, we demonstrate a nanoweaving concept based on voltage-inducedactuationforces.SeveralPVAfiberssuitablefor micro-weaving were examined to confirm the actuation effects, and a nanoweaving technology principle is proposed. The relationship between the actuation force and the dc voltage was investigated,andasmallsampleofmicrofiberfabricwaswoven using a specially designed test device. We believe that this concept will open up a new approach to making ultrathin and uniform fabrics with micro- and/or nanofibers. The shedding motion is the most significant aspect of the weaving process. It determines the order of the required number of warp threads to be lifted or lowered for weft threads to pass and form a designed fabric pattern. Based on the electroactuation behavior of fibers mentioned above, a shedding motion was designed. A simple image of the shedding motion is shown in Figure 1a. Two groups of PVA microfibers with a certain tension were fixed in parallel between two pairs of anode electrodes, which were 20mm apart, for odd- and even-numbered groups of warp threads, respectively. Two cathode electrodes were placed at the top and the bottom, close to the warp threads, to control alternation of the two groups of fibers according to a designed order. The cathodes led fibers up or down by more than 2.5mm,accompanied byface-to-face movementofthe anodes, when a dc electric field of 1kV was applied. The two groups of warp threads were controlled using different timings. The shed could be opened by more than 5mm, which is sufficient for a 3-mm 2 weft carrier to pass through. Figure 1b shows the


The main effort in production of 1.3 GHz cavities for the European XFEL (XFEL) was dedicated to transfer of the superconducting technology to the industry. This know-how transfer was executed by DESY and INFN/LASA team. The preparation phase based on prototype cavities covered: qualification and certification of potential vendors for material and cavity fabrication; work out recipe and strategy for qualification of the infrastructure for cavity surface treatment at industry; definition of the quality management strategy and documentation. The largest in the cavity history production of 800 series cavities is contracted to companies Research Instruments (RI) and Ettore Zanon S.p.A. (EZ) on the principle "build to print". High purity niobium and NbTi for resonators provides DESY. The conformity of production principles with European Pressure Equipment Directive are developed together with the notified body. New or upgraded infrastructure has been established at both companies. Until KW 37/2013 106 series cavities have been produced, treated and handed over to DESY for 2K RF acceptance test. Most of the cavities fulfill immediately the European XFEL specifications. The cavity production will be finished mid of 2015.


An updated TRAC 80% large-break loss-of-coolant accident (LBLOCA) has been calculated for the Westinghouse AP600 advanced reactor design, The updated calculation incorporates major code error corrections, model corrections, and plant design changes. The 80% break size was calculated by Westinghouse to be the most severe large-break size for the AP600 design. The LBLOCA transient was calculated to 144 s. Peak cladding temperatures (PCTS) were well below the Appendix K limit of 1,478 K (2,200 F), but very near the cladding oxidation temperature of 1,200 K (1,700 F). Transient event times and PCT for the TRAC calculation were in reasonable agreement with those calculated by Westinghouse using their {und W}COBRA/TRAC code. However, there were significant differences in the detailed phenomena calculated by the two codes, particularly during the blowdown phase. The reasons for these differences are still being investigated. Additional break sizes and break locations need to be analyzed to confirm the most severe break postulated by Westinghouse.


The tilt tri-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has three flight modes: the hover mode, the transition mode, and the fixed-wing mode. Controller design in the hover mode is the premise of realizing stable flight of this kind of UAV. Due to the particular structure with odd rotors and strong nonlinearity, the modeling and control of the tilt tri-rotor UAV remain an active and ongoing research topic. To overcome these problems and achieve stable flight control, this paper proposes a sliding mode-based nonlinear control scheme for the hovering flight of a tilt tri-rotor UAV, consisting of position control, attitude control, and control allocation. First, the mathematical model of the UAV is given by using the Newton–Euler formulation. Second, a cascade flight controller consisting of the position controller and the attitude controller is developed based on sliding mode control (SMC). For the position controller, an auxiliary dynamic system composed of the hyperbolic tangent functions is introduced to the SMC approach for constraining the output magnitude of the thrust and the reference attitudes. Besides, a disturbance observer is applied to the attitude controller to alleviate the chattering and improve robustness. Furthermore, according to the structural characteristics of the tilt tri-rotor UAV, a control allocation algorithm is developed to map the virtual control quantities calculated by the cascade flight controller to the actual actuators. Simulations are conducted to verify the robustness against the external disturbances and parameter variations, and the performance comparisons with two other control schemes are also given. Finally, the experiment is also carried out to validate the performance of the proposed control scheme.


Developments in UK grocery distribution are reviewed; namely centralised networks, composite networks and the increasing use of third party contract distributors. Issues likely to affect the future development of physical distribution are also discussed, such as the quality of operations, customer service improvements through utilisation of information technology, the "greening" demands likely to be encountered and the opportunity for UK distribution companies to expand their services throughout Europe. The major conclusions are found to be that UK grocery distribution is highly developed; centralised, composite systems are in place either operated in‐house by the user or contracted out to third party distribution companies. Quality, service and greening issues are likely to become the tools operators will use to gain competitive advantage in this highly competitive marketplace both in the UK and throughout Europe.


The pulsational behavior of solar models with mixing produced by turbulent diffusion has been investigated, for both p (pressure) modes and g (gravity) modes. It is found that while a small amount of mixing may be allowed by the observed data on solar oscillations, values of the pseudo‐Reynolds number large enough to reduce the predicted neutrino counting rate to the level seen by the 37Cl experiment are in conflict with published solar oscillation data.


To solve the broadband matching problem of underwater acoustic transducer, a matching method based on network theory analysis and Monte Carlo algorithm is studied in this paper. In this study, the network function expression is obtained by designing the matching network, and then the objective function is constructed. Monte Carlo algorithm is used to find the optimal solution of the matching network parameters to realize the broadband matching of a piezoelectric single crystal underwater acoustic transducer. By comparing the broadband matching of traditional piezoelectric ceramic transducer, the performance of single crystal material transducer is better after matching, that is to say, it can obtain good gain and broaden the frequency band at the same time. The whole matching process is simple and efficient, the matching effect is good. It provides a feasible reference for broadband matching of new single crystal underwater acoustic transducer.


Crystalline phases and amorphous formation regions for the pseudo-ternary BaO-Fe 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 system were investigated using melt spinning and water quenching techniques. Specimens were heat treated, examined to determine the composition and temperature ranges where the BaO-6Fe 2 O 3 precipitated, and the relationship between crystalline phases and magnetic properties was discussed. All as-quenched specimens produced by melt spinning with a composition range of less than 70 mol%Fe 2 O 3 and less than 70 mol%BaO were in an amorphous state, and amorphous formation region in the case of water quenching was restricted to the composition range of less than 40 mol%Fe 2 O 3 and more than 20 mol%B 2 O 3


Human diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase-1 (hDGAT1) synthesizes triacylglycerides and is required for dietary fat absorption and fat storage. The lack of 3-dimensional structure has limited our understanding of substrate recognition and mechanism of catalysis, and hampers rational targeting of hDGAT1 for therapeutic purposes. Here we present the structure of hDGAT1 in complex with a substrate oleoyl Coenzyme A at 3.1 Å resolution. hDGAT1 forms a homodimer and each protomer has nine transmembrane helices that carve out a hollow chamber in the lipid bilayer. The chamber encloses highly conserved catalytic residues and has separate entrances for the two substrates fatty acyl Coenzyme A and diacylglycerol. The N-terminus of hDGAT1 makes extensive interactions with the neighboring protomer, and is required for enzymatic activity.


The invention provides a kind of receptor, described receptor can be outside or implantable.The aspect of receptor of the present invention comprise exist in the following one or more: high power-low power module, intermediate module, be configured to start with the power module of one or more power supply of inactive high power handling block, be connected main piece and from the serial peripheral interface bus of block and Multipurpose connector.Receptor of the present invention can be configured to receive the signal transmitted in an electrically conductive manner.The present invention also provides a kind of and comprises the system of described receptor and use the method for described receptor.In addition, the present invention also openly uses the system and method that receptor cooperates with dose delivery system.


Part I of this Article briefly sets forth the ethical and professional duties of prosecutors. Part II examines the game-theory concepts at play in plea-and sentence-bargaining negotiations. For perspective, Part III explores the evolution of plea bargaining from common law and elucidates the problem of coercive plea bargaining. Part VI analyzes how other scholars' approaches fail to address the problem adequately and hence have not been implemented. Finally, in Part V, the Article concludes by offering a viable approach for limiting prosecutorial abuse in the charging process -- an approach that governments, both state and federal, can implement without disrupting the justice system and without significant costs.


This paper intends to address the relationship between financial depth and development of private enterprises by classifying the growth of business activities into two parts: one part that is due to the creation of new firms and the other part, due to the expansion of existing firms. After examining the previous studies related to this issue, the paper compares East Asia and Latin America in terms of these two aspects of corporate growth and their relations to financial depth or financial development. It compares the evolution of financial depth and related indicators of East Asia and Latin America and analyzes their implications on new firms formation and expansion of existing enterprises. It finds that shallow financial depth in Latin America affects considerably development of private enterprises in the region, where economic growth and export is much less dynamic in comparison with East Asia.


Originally published in: Protein Folding Handbook. Part I. Edited by Johannes Buchner and Thomas Kiefhaber. Copyright © 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3-527-30784-2

The ability to predict with good accuracy the effect of mutations on protein stability or complex formation is needed in order to design new proteins, as well as to understand the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms on human health. In the following sections we will summarize what is known and can be used for this purpose. We will start by describing the forces that act on proteins, an understanding of which is a prerequisite to understanding the following section dealing with prediction methods. Finally we will briefly summarize other possible unexpected results of making mutants, such as changes in "in vivo" stability or inducing protein aggregation.

The sections in this article are

Physical Forces that Determine Protein Conformational Stability
Protein Conformational Stability
Structures of the N and D States [2-6]
Studies Aimed at Understanding the Physical Forces that Determine Protein Conformational Stability [1, 2, 8, 19-26]
Forces Determining Conformational Stability [1, 2, 8, 19-27]
Intramolecular Interactions
van der Waals Interactions
Electrostatic Interactions
Conformational Strain

Solvation
Intramolecular Interactions and Solvation Taken Together
Entropy
Cavity Formation
Summary

Effect of Point Mutations on in vitro Protein Stability
General Considerations on Protein Plasticity upon Mutation
Predictive Strategies
Methods
From Sequence and Multiple Sequence Alignment Analysis
Statistical Analysis of the Structure Databases
Helix/Coil Transition Model
Physicochemical Method Based on Protein Engineering Experiments
Methods Based only on the Basic Principles of Physics and Thermodynamics

Mutation Effects on in vivo Stability
The N-terminal Rule
The C-terminal Rule
PEST Signals

Mutation Effects on Aggregation

Keywords:

protein stability;
point mutation;
conformational strain;
structure prediction


The potential for application of seismic methods in the evaluation and monitoring of nuclear waste repositories is immense. Past field studies have established that variations in velocity and attenuation indicate changes in the fracture density of the rock mass surrounding a storage facility. A study was undertaken to determine the effects upon velocity and attenuation of varying stress fields surrounding a crystalline repository. Laboratory experiments performed on fractured core samples found that amplitude and rise time are sensitive to stress applied parallel to travel path and velocity is not. Ultrasonic crosshole measurements were taken within the rock mass surrounding an underground research facility. The crosshole method was able to detect a zone of high fracture density caused by blasting near the surface of the room. The blast damage zone was characterized by relatively low velocities and amplitudes and large rise times. Moving outward into the rock mass, velocity stabilized while amplitude and rise time varied significantly indicating the existence of a stress concentration. This coincides well with the estimated stress distribution based on measured in situ stresses. Other significant variations in acoustic parameters were encountered and attributed to changes in fracture densities.


Contents: California's reclaimed municipal wastewater resource -- Municipal wastewater: treatment and reclaimed water characteristics -- Irrigation water quality criteria -- Site characteristics -- Crop water use -- Crop selection and management -- Water management for salinity and sodicity control -- Irrigation system design -- On-farm economics of reclaimed wastewater irrigation -- Health and regulatory considerations -- Legal aspects of irrigation with reclaimed wastewater in California -- Fate of wastewater constituents in soil and groundwater: nitrogen and phosphorus, trace elements, pathogens and trace organics


The intrinsic viscosity, [η], was measured for the betaine-type polyampholyte, poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate), in aqueous solution at various pH and ionic strengths, I. The linear relationship between 1/√I and [η] for ordinary polyelectrolytes was also observed for the polyampholyte at low I near isoionic pH and over a wide range of I at other pH. By comparing I dependence of the electrostatic expansion factor of the polyampholyte with that of poly(sodium acrylate), it is suggested that there is a pronounced intramolecular attraction between the segments due to the oppositely-charged groups even when pH deviates from the isoionic pH.


Recently,capital-market is flourishing,the lucre of capital-market is high. Enterprise is turn into the main body of capital-market,hoping to increase their capital. Enterprise want to use this money to develop their industry-structure. But what they do,just fluctuate the industry-structure and block the rationalization of industry-structure,the upgrade of industry is slowdown. The worst is the industry-structure begin to retrogress. The capital-market restrict the adjust of industry-structure finally.


The utility model discloses a die for manufacturing a breathable core. The die comprises an upper rack and a lower die body, wherein the upper rack and the lower die body are connected in a detachable mode; multiple plastic strips are arranged in the upper rack; the lower parts of the plastic strips extend into the lower die body; the plastic strips are melted to form air holes when a breathable core molding piece melted is fired. According to the utility model, due to the plastic strips fixed on the upper rack, the plastic strips are arranged in the process of pressing the die into the lower die body, the molded breathable core is put into a furnace for firing, the plastic strips are melted, the air holes are formed in the finished product, the air hole forming effect is good, the quality of the breathable core is directly improved, and the die is simple in structure and low in production cost.


The research has been done to improve activity and academic achievement of second semester students of mathematics education program FKIP University of Mataram academic year 2008/2009 in general chemistry subject through cooperative learning exchanging greetings and questions. There were two cycles of learning in the research. The criteria of the success of the research are student activities were active and misconception student on low level. The results indicated that cooperative learning berkirim salam dan soal can improve activity and academic achievement students. In the first cycle was 52,10% students has misconception and in the second cycle has 18,15%. Criteria students activity in first cycle was very low and in the second cycle students activity was active.


Bullet embolus is a rare complication of penetrating missile injury in children with only a handful of case reports. We describe a seven year old with a venous bullet embolus to the right ventricle.


Background: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occur due to gastric refluxate causing symptoms in the laryngopharynx and oesophagus, respectively. Baseline impedance of esophageal mucosa has been shown to reduce with prolonged acid exposure. Mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) is a novel measure that has shown promise in GERD but has not yet been evaluated in LPR. This study aimed to assess the role of MNBI in LPR and GERD patients. Methods: Off-therapy impedance-pH tracings were blindly reviewed for 187 patients previously prospectively allocated clinical diagnoses of LPR (n=105) or GERD (n=82). Conventional impedance-pH measures and MNBI were analysed for the two groups. Results: MNBI was reduced in both groups of refluxers. MNBI was significantly lower in the distal esophagus in GERD patients compared with LPR (1,679±914 vs. 2,109±863; P=0.001). Similarly, in the proximal esophagus, MNBI was lower in GERD than LPR (2,289±579 vs. 2,541±471; P=0.001). In the pharynx, MNBI was similar between the two groups (2,116±699 vs. 2,133±770; P=0.878). Distal acid exposure time (AET) and the number of distal acid reflux episodes negatively correlated with distal esophageal MNBI (r=−0.195; P=0.007) and (r=−0.330; P<0.001) respectively. Conclusions: Baseline impedance was reduced in both LPR and GERD at both distal and proximal esophageal measurements, and more severely reduced in GERD. Baseline impedance is strongly and inversely related to acid exposure in the esophagus. Pharyngeal MNBI was not reduced or different between groups. Distal and proximal esophageal MNBI may be useful in diagnosis of LPR as well as GERD.


With fast progression of data exchange in electronic way, information security and privacy are becoming more important in data storage and transmission. In this paper, we proposed a new approach for image encryption using combination of existing SCAN approach with the concept of representing a gray scale image as a size extended binary image. Proposed image encryption process involves three steps; first step is to construct a size extended binary image using original image. In second step, apply the existing scan approach for rearranging the pixels of newly constructed binary image. In step three reconstruct the gray scale image of original size using reverse process of step one. Finally the resulting image is found to be fully distorted. Further, applying the reverse process at the receiver, the decrypted image is found to be distortion less.


Castle Bridge, built in 1793 to a design used previously by Robert Milne, is a dressed sandstone arch. It spans 31.9 m over the River Avon. It is one of over six-hundred bridges being assessed by Warwickshire County Council as part of the nation-wide assessment programme to ascertain which bridges are capable of carrying the increased vehicle loads being permitted on Britain's roads. The arch of the bridge is segmental with a rise of 7.44 m and the road surface has a gentle crown. The fill is lightened by the use of brick vaults running transversely between the spandrels. This paper describes the analysis carried out to investigate the effect of the vaults on performance of the structure. The conclusion was that the vaults were beneficial and that the bridge could carry 45 units of HB loading. (A)


by Margarita de Orellana, London, Verso, 2009, xvi + 206 pp., £14.99 (paperback), ISBN 9781859843482 This book describes and analyses the many documentaries and feature films made in the US about t...


Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) is a powerful vasoconstrictor, but in vitro its EC50 is ≈100-fold more than plasma concentrations. We examined whether subcontractile concentrations of SPC (≤1 &mgr;mol/L) modulated vasoreactivity of rat intrapulmonary arteries using myography and measurement of intracellular [Ca2+]. SPC (1 &mgr;mol/L) had no effect on force or intracellular [Ca2+] on its own, but dramatically potentiated constrictions induced by ≈25 mmol/L [K+], such that at 40 minutes, force and intracellular [Ca2+] (Fura PE3 340/380 ratio) were increased by 429±96% and 134±26%, respectively. The potentiation was stereospecific, apparent at concentrations >100 nmol/L of SPC, and independent of the endothelium, 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane–sensitive Ca2+ entry, and Rho kinase. It was abolished by the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122, the broad spectrum protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Ro31-8220, and the PKC&dgr; inhibitor rottlerin, but not by Gö6976, which is ineffective against PKC&dgr;. The potentiation could be attributed to enhancement of Ca2+ entry. SPC also potentiated the responses to prostaglandin F2&agr; and U436619, which activate a 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane sensitive nonselective cation channel in intrapulmonary arteries. In this case, potentiation was partially inhibited by diltiazem but abolished by 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane, Ro31-8220, and rottlerin. SPC (1 &mgr;mol/L) caused translocation of PKC&dgr; to the perinuclear region and cytoskeleton of cultured intrapulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. We present the novel finding that low, subcontractile concentrations of SPC potentiate Ca2+ entry in intrapulmonary arteries through both voltage-dependent and independent pathways via a receptor-dependent mechanism involving PKC&dgr;. This has implications for the physiological role of SPC, especially in cardiovascular disease, where SPC is reported to be elevated.


Edge detection is one of the main methods in the research field of digital image processing,in which the Laplace Gauss operator and Canny operator are introduced in this paper.The image processing function provided by the MatLab image processing tool box is employed to perform edge detection for image so that the relevant program and processing results are obtained.The result shows that the edge detection of Laplace Gauss operator and Canny operator is clear and has little noise.


Automation has been proven to increase productivity, improve quality, and reduce cost in many industries. Applied heavily in manufacturing, automation has also been used extensively to validate software. This study explores the benefits and considerations of automating the execution and analysis of verification tests of complex radar systems. This testing is performed on a complete integrated system evaluating compliance against specified requirements. In the radar system laboratory, execution automation entails changing the operational environment (e.g. target types, maneuvers, etc.), simulating operator inputs into both the radar and avionics (e.g. radar settings, mode changes, etc.), and meeting objectives through a scripted sequence of actions to be performed for a particular scenario without requiring operator intervention. Analysis automation entails collection of both radar and avionics data and analysis of the collected data. The analysis provides an in depth evaluation of radar performance, such as turn-on time, number of false tracks, probability of successful electronic countermeasure detection, also without requiring operator interaction. Due to the nature of complex systems, verification testing has been challenging since the experiments are not deterministic but rather stochastic. The tight interdependencies between the software and hardware in radar systems have made repeatable comprehensive verification testing critical during radar software development, thus making automation the logical next step in the evolution of test methodologies to expedite the software/system development. To understand the benefits of automating verification testing of complex radar systems, this paper discusses the: programmatic environment in which automation is considered; verification test construct used for comprehensive testing; instrumenting radar data used to evaluate verification test criteria; characteristics of the automation system needed for successful execution and data analysis; capabilities of automation systems to evaluate a radar system's performance, stability, and functionality; automation effectiveness against each verification test type; and benefits and drawbacks to automation implementation.


A combination of hypochlorite fuming (30 mL: 0.5 mL) and 70% ethanol sanitization were used for previous test plants in 'Veggie.' Efficacy of these methods were compared for 'Mizuna' mustard and 'Waldmann's Green' lettuce, candidate crops for future ISS experiments (Veg03-D, E, F). Bleach fuming resulted in cleaner seed surfaces for 'Waldmann's Green' (bleach and ethanol respectively: 1.5 CFU/seed, 5.75 CFU/seed) and 'Mizuna' (bleach and ethanol respectively: 0.25 CFU/seed, 3.5 CFU/seed). Bleach fuming also showed 90%-100% germination whereas ethanol treatment impeded germination (20%-50% germination). The most common microbial genera on seeds surfaces include Bacillus and Staphylococcus, though no species pathogenic to humans were found. However, the same sanitization procedures failed to sanitize larger seeds like 'Red Robin' tomato and 'Pomepii' pepper. Due to the size of these seeds, more concentrated hypochlorite, additional surfactant, heat, or citric acid might be needed for effective sanitization.


There has been some confusion over the term 'Bayesian'. Without wishing to appear too much like Humpty-Dumpty, I use the term to describe an approach to inference and decision analysis that expresses uncertainty about an entity solely in terms of probability concerning that entity, assesses the outcomes of a decision through utility and then selects that decision that maximizes expected utility, the expectation using the inference probability. The discussants admit a probability density p(O) for the binomial parameter 0, and to that extent are Bayesian in their inference, but do not include a utility in their decision-making, and are thereby not overtly Bayesian. I hope that my definition would meet with the approval of all participants in the 5th International Conference on Bayesian Statistics (Bernardo et al., 1996), for example. One reason for adopting the Bayesian position is the desire to achieve coherence. The Shorter Oxford Dictionary defines 'coherence' as 'harmonious connexion of the several parts of a discourse, system etc., so that the whole hangs together'. We are discussing inference and decision-making. We require the procedure adopted with a sampe of size 10 to 'hang together' with that for size 20. It is known (Berger and Delampady, 1987) that the use of a P-value for testing a sharp, null hypothesis does not satisfy this requirement; 5% significance for n = 10 has not the same meaning as 5% with n = 20. Point estimation of a normal mean by the sample mean does, to a very good approximation, satisfy the requirement in one and two dimensions, but not in three or more. What precisely is meant by hangs together in the statistical context: what is the glue that makes one procedure fit, or cohere, with another? The usual glue for a discourse is logic, but logic only deals with truth or falsity and statisticians are concerned with uncertainty, so it is necessary to go beyond logic. The solution adopted is to postulate some basic requirements for the glue. For example, in the decision aspect of coherent behaviour, it is supposed that between any two decisions you have a preference, and that these preferences are transitive in that if d, is preferred to d2, and d2 to d3, then d1 is preferred to d3. Here the first two preferences are required to cohere with the third. Several basic requirements of this type are adopted as axioms and a mathematical analysis developed that allows us to produce coherent procedures in inference and decision analysis. The simplest set of axioms leads to the conclusion stated in my first paragraph: uncertainty must be described by probability, the worth of decisions by utility and the preferred decision selected by maximization of expected utility (MEU). The axioms can be weakened and the conclusions modified. For example, Walley (1991) established only lower and upper probabilities, rather than a single probability. Such complications, important as they are, are not the issue here. A more important point is that no axioms known to me lead, for example, to fuzzy logic, or to the use of tail area probabilities in hypothesis testing. Although our Bayesian conclusion is constructive in its adoption of MEU, it is liberal in its unrestricted use of probability and utility. Consequently it is often


As polyamines are implicated in cell division, metabolism and senescence processes, they can be applied to influence fruit development process. With the aim of evaluating the polyamine induced changes in fruit qualities of apricot, Pronusarmeniaca, the current research was conducted on the basis of completely randomized block design. Apricot trees (Pronusarmeniaca) were treated with four different concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 30 mM) of various polyamines (putresin, spermin or spermidine) in ten different treatment groups. Stems were sprayed by the mentioned polyamines two times at two different flowering stages. The application of different kinds of polyamines especially spermine and spermidine resulted in the increased total soluble solid contents in fruit tissues. Putresin was the most effective treatment on fruit diameter and length in comparison to two other polyamines. The application of putresin and spermidine led to the elevated pH of fruit juice. The improved fruit firmness and fresh weight resulted from the exogenously applied polyamine treatments which reflected the alleviated senescence process. The promoted various polyamine contents in fruit tissues were observed in polyamine treated samples. The application of different used polyamines had enhancing effects on the fruit set. The obtained results from the present research indicated that the fruit quality of apricot tree affected by the applied polyamines. According to our results it could be stated that the application of various kinds of polyamines including putresin, spermin and spermidine could influence fruit set, quality and senescence which is an important factor in the related trade and industry.


T H E TOUCHSTONE of the reality of a man's repentance and faith is his obedience: that he be "not disobedient to the heavenly vision." For to know God in any vital sense is to feel his demand to worship, to reverence him who has revealed himself, to be other than one has been, and to do something for God's cause and kingdom in the world. Dr. William Adams Brown in his Christian Theology in Outline quotes W. N. Clarke in defining faith, in the Christian sense, as personal commitment of self to "the unseen but living God, as He is revealed in gracious character in Christ, the Saviour of men." And then Dr. Brown goes on : It is not simply belief, though it involves an intellectual element in the recognition of God's character as revealed in Christ. It is an act of the will which involves the personal commitment of self to God in trust, and has its expression and evidence in obedience. So defined, faith is the fundamental religious virtue, and the necessary condition, as it is the only means, of salvation.


The capacity of the CDMA system is limited by the conventional matched filter receiver which suffers from near far problems of CDMA interferences. Multi user detection schemes previously proposed mitigate the near far problem, but are complex and require explicit knowledge or estimates of the interference parameters. This paper proposes a simplified MMSE adaptive multi user detector, which can be implemented adaptively when interference parameters are unknown or time varying. Numerical results are provided that show that this scheme offers significant performance gains relative to the matched filter receiver.


Various integrals over elliptic integrals are evaluated as couplings on spheres, resulting in some integral and series representations for the mathematical constants $\pi$, $G$ and $\zeta(3)$.


Measurements of the thermal behaviour of two residential buildings equipped with a green roof system have been performed in Athens, Greece. Experimental data have been used to calibrate detailed simulation tools and the specific energy and environmental performance of the planted roofs system has been estimated in detail. Simulations have been performed for free‐floating and thermostatically controlled conditions. The expected energy benefits as well as the possible improvements of the indoor thermal comfort have been assessed. It is found that green roofs have a limited contribution to the heating demand of insulated buildings operating under the Mediterranean climate. On the contrary, the green roof system is found to contribute highly to reduce the cooling load of thermostatically controlled buildings. For the considered residential buildings, a cooling load decrease of about 11% has been calculated. In parallel, it is found that green roofs contribute to improve thermal comfort in free‐floating buildings during the summer period. The expected maximum decrease of the indoor air and roof surface temperatures is close to 0.6°C. Such a decrease contributes to reduce by 0.1 the summer absolute Predicted Mean Vote Comfort Index levels in the building. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


_ A pre-computed concept map represents concepts, concept Correspondence Address' metadata, and relationships between the plurality of concepts. NIXON PEABODY' LLP Online user behavior may be predicted by correlating one or 401 9TH STREET' NW' SUITE 900 more online events of a user With one or more features of the WASHINGTON' DC 20004'2128 (Us) concept map, aggregating a concept map history of the user to _ obtain online behavior over time, aggregating online behavior (73) Assignee? NETSEER, INC" Santa Ciaia, CA of the user and one or more other users to obtain aggregated (Us) online user behavior, and predicting future online behavior of the user based at least in part on the online behavior of the user (21) Appl. No.: 12/476,205 and the aggregated online user behavior. The predicted behavior may be used to target ads that the user is likely to ?nd (22) Filed: Jun. 1, 2009 relevant.


compensation is used in the even iterations and is absent in uneven iterations. The numerical tests demonstrate high efficiency of developed IFM schemes. Proposed schemes are implemented into several 3D codes of neutron kinetics and are used in the practical calculation by the fast neutron reactor code GVA and by the code WIMS(cid:2)ВОЛНА for the VVER(cid:2)1000 reactor life(cid:2)time calculation. Nuclear The paper presents the results of testing the 3(cid:2)tubes model of steam generator reactor facility BREST(cid:2) OD(cid:2)300, heated by liquid lead, at subcritical (18 MPa) and supercritical (25 MPa) pressure of the water at a flowrate – 80, 100 and 120% of the nominal value. The experimental data are compared with numerical simulation using the code RELAP5/mod 3.2. The possibility of increasing in 99 Mo production with WWR(cid:2)c reactor core and uranium(cid:2)containing targets modernization have been discussed in this paper. We found that there is a large possibility of 99 Mo production increasing. the Dependence of Fluctuating Asymmetry in Plants of the Size of The article is devoted investigation of the dependence fluctuating asymmetry of leaves of three plant species of background radiation and activity of radioactive cesium in the Ulyanovsk region, contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. A correlation analysis found a similar reaction of plants in the contaminated area. This suggests that the studied species can be used for biological indication of this type of anthropogenic environmental changes. This paper describes a heterogeneous scintillation detector (HSD) which can increases the sensitivity and reliability of explosives (HE) detection. The HSD consists of alternating layers of converting material where gamma quanta transform into and positrons, and of detecting material where the energy of charged particles is transformed into light scintillations. Spectral sensitivity of the HSD can be varied by selecting thickness and number of layers. Thickness of the layers can be chosen so that charged particles which created in the converting layers can be registered in two or more scintillation layers. The calculations results of detection sensitivity of nitrogenous explosives by neutron–radiation method using HSD was presented. It was shown that the sensitivity of the described method using an optimal HSD would be significantly higher than in the traditional formulation of such measurements using large NaI (Tl) detectors, and in the future can be reduced to ~ 100 – 200 grams of TNT at the time of measurement less then one minute.


This paper contributes to debates on financialization, neoliberalism and labour by investigating the ownership of UK care homes by investment funds. This form of financialized ownership has been driven by debt financing and the realization of value from property assets. Financialization has also been shaped by labour. First, the low status of the mostly female workforce enabled investor buyouts. Second, growing financial pressures have been partly absorbed by the interactive labour of care. This reflects a neoliberal model of investment and regulation, which treats workers as disposable – unskilled and replaceable. Yet many carers reject this, and by continuing to care under deteriorating conditions, they provide a source of value to investors. Third, however, carers' refusal of disposability can also provoke resistance to financial discipline. This is one of several ways in which caring labour limits financialization. Despite recurrent crises, the system has been condoned by governments as it displaces responsibility for the failures of neoliberal welfare onto financialized corporations. Overall, the paper argues that financialization must be understood as constituted not only by financial practices, property assets and regulation, but also by specific forms of labour.


Electron paramagnetic resonance of ferroelectric potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate doped with divalent vanadium has been investigated in the temperature range −180° to 20°C. Below the ferroelectric Curie temperature (Tc=−26°C) the resonance line positions may be expressed by a spin Hamiltonian for which the fine‐structure terms D and E are linearly dependent on the spontaneous polarization. Above Tc the spin Hamiltonian is independent of temperature, D is an order of magnitude smaller than at low temperatures, E=0, and the z principal axis lies in the crystal a—c plane.An anomaly in the linewidth of the ±32→±12 satellite resonance lines is observed in the vicinity of the ferroelectric Curie temperature. With the applied magnetic field along the z principal axis, the linewidth decreases abruptly by a factor of 2 with increase in temperature through the phase transition.Dielectric constant and spontaneous polarization data are reported which agree with values previously given by Waku. The temperature depend...


FIELD: radio engineering, communication. SUBSTANCE: system for generating three parity-check codes which form a three-dimensional data array. Check ratios relating to parity-check on a third dimension are requested by the decoder only in case of a high level of interfering factors, indicated by the soft solutions relative received symbols with low certainty factors. The disclosed decoder scheme when processing data on the third dimension performs decorrelation of possible errors without using special interleavers or de-interleavers in the encoder-decoder scheme. Received data are processed on each dimension using iterative transformations of soft solutions based on the average value of similar solutions and the dispersion factor of estimates on the length of each code vector. EFFECT: high reliability and rate of transmitting information. 1 dwg


— The aim of this article was to analyze the Health and Safety at Work Policy of the Federal Public Servants (PASS), based on the case study of the SIASS Univasf Unit. The theoretical dialogues in this study were built from the concepts that make up Worker's Health. A qualitative and quantitative research was chosen as a methodological approach. In order to infer its results, we opted for the triangulation process consisting of a combination of three technical collection procedures: documentary research, in-depth particulars and online surveys.


was closed and replaced by a new institution, the Lower Austrian LandesZentralkinderheim, the latter's central criterion for whether it would care for a child was not illegitimacy but poverty and destitution. Pawlowsky has created a comprehensive and persuasive account of the birthing and foundling hospital in Vienna from its inception to its demise. In doing so, she has also provided a strong model for writing a social history of an institution. Hopefully, other scholars will follow her example so that our understanding of Viennese and Austrians institutions and their political and social contexts will continue to expand. This book is highly recommended to students and scholars of Central European history.


It is well known that wooden vessels were in common use for domestic purposes in medieval times: dishes, bowls, etc., almost certainly made of this material are shown in use in the kitchen and at table in several documents, for instance, the Bayeux tapestry, the Luttrell Psalter, and Queen Mary's Psalter. It is seldom, however, that the actual wooden vessels are found in excavations on medieval sites: mention may be made of 'two turned saucer-like bowls of beechwood, 8 in. in diameter, and about 1¼ in. deep', found with other wooden objects and early medieval pottery in the filling of a deep shaft at Pevensey Castle. A remarkable find was made in 1929 during excavations on the site of the Bank of England beneath the NW. side of the old Power of Attorney, that is, about 100 ft. south of the Lothbury frontage and 140 ft. west of the Bartholomew Lane frontage. A well, 7 ft. 6 in. in diameter, built of chalk blocks, of which nine courses remained, to a height of 5 ft. 6 in., had been sunk through the lower deposits into the gravel. The well was filled with greenish black slime, from which were extracted pottery vessels, a number of wooden bowls, a few broken animal bones, and a hen's egg. All the pottery appears to be of about the same date in the fourteenth century, and is of value as a group of associated types and in giving a date to the wooden bowls.


In this article, classical continuous-time surplus process and its variations are introduced; several assumptions for the number of claims and for the times between claims are proposed. The time of ruin, the probability of ruin, and the surplus immediately before and at ruin caused by a claim are defined. Then an upper bound on and an asymptotic formula for the probability of ruin are given. Also, the mean discounted penalty is proposed, which is usually used to study a variety of interesting and important quantities, for example, moments and distribution functions. Finally, the maximal aggregate loss and the associated compound geometric distribution are discussed.

Keywords:

time of ruin;
severity of ruin;
penalty function;
moments;
distribution function;
maximal aggregate loss


We derive some basic considerations relating combining synthesis observations made with different arrays, and their relation to single dish imaging. The goal is to make clear and explicit a method by which ALMA7meter array and the ALMA total power array integration times can be chosen for a given ALMA 12-meterarray integration time. We posit two complementary matching criteria, apply them to the M100 Science Verification (SV) data as a sanity check, and use them to calculate the needed 7m-array integration times for the four relevant ALMA Cycle 1 configurations (assuming 32 12-m antennas, 9 7-m antennas, and 2 total power 12-m antennas). Adopting the least stringent of the criteria, we find required 7m-array integration times of 1.3 (configuration 4) to 6.3 times (configuration 1, most compact) the 12m-array integration time. We extend this to the single-dish/total power case, finding cycle 1 12m total power array integration times that are 2.0 times the 7m-array integration times, or 2.6 to 13 times the 12m interferometric array integration time. Full results are in Table 1. Relative Integration times for the ALMA Cycle 1 12-m, 7-m, and Total Power Arrays Brian S. Mason & Crystal Brogan (NRAO) NAASC memo 113 / ALMA memo 598 July 25, 2013


Since the social crisis on October 2019 in Chile, the debate on economic policy has become more relevant, questioning the minimal State approach that do not react to market failures and does not promote productive transformations. A new macroeconomics of development must articulate a diversified growth base, redistribution of assets and incomes, decentralization, social economy, carbon-neutrality and a sustainable territorial planning. This article proposes four essential points over which the new macroeconomics of development articulates in the chilean case: a new institutionalism for development and wellbeing, growth and degrowth, redistribution and structural transformation.


Recent studies suggest that ozone trend in the stratosphere is affected by dynamical variations such as change of transport [e.g. Wohltmann & Rex, 2005]. In order to understand the influence of short-term variations of transport on the stratospheric ozone, we investigate relationships between the ozone mixing ratio and dynamical parameters in the stratosphere. For this purpose, we used the vertical profiles of stratospheric ozone from 20 to 60 km which have been measured every 10 minutes with a groundbased millimeter-wave radiometer at Rikubetsu, Japan (43.5N, 143.8E) by conducted by NIES since November 1999. Meteorological data over Rikubetsu every 6 hours were taken from NCEP Reanalysis Data. We compared the ozone mixing ratio with the potential temperature and potential vorticity at four altitude levels during the period from November 1999 to December 2001, and found that the ozone mixing ratio is well correlated with the potential temperature rather than potential vorticity at 20 km but is correlated with the potential vorticity at 26 km. These results indicate that the vertical displacement rather than the horizontal transport affects the short-term variations of ozone at 20 km and that the horizontal transport plays a dominant role of the ozone variations at 26 km, suggesting that different dynamical processes contribute to the short-term variations of stratospheric ozone.


Encouraging children to access provision that encourages numeracy needs a structured approach by staff. Numeracy must be touched, held, discussed and played with, says manager Kathryn Peckham.


The minimal thickness of the Kamieniec Shale Formation is estimated for 600 m. The analysis of trylobite fossils confirms the upper part or the Lower Cambrian age of the formation. The shales are considered to be first deposited in a zone of external shelf or in deep basin, under oxide shortage conditions close to the bottom and then have been a subject of continuous and discontinuous deformation during the Sandomirian and Variscan phases.


With a study on the design process of an inclined crossing point line in the design manual of the mining engineering,there were some shortages existed in the design idea,such as the determination of the max height drop.A completed design idea is not formed yet.Base on the "relationship between a natural height drop and inclined double track central distance",a further study was conducted and a design method of the layer drawing was formed base on the natural height drop which could make the design results more accurate.


The subject of this thesis is the simulation of X-ray cluster surveys and related issues, with a focus on the research that can be conducted with the International X-ray Observatory (IXO), or a similar next-generation X-ray observatory.
A general purpose X-ray image simulator has been developed. It uses a modern cosmological simulation and cluster scaling relations to produce simulated cluster images that are well motivated by theory and observation. A distribution of point sources and various instrumental effects are also included. The simulator is complemented by a source identification method.
The IXO selection function is mapped over a varying surface brightness parameter space. Simulated IXO surveys are used to explore the biases present in X-ray cluster surveys. These reveal that it is necessary to correct for biases using a detailed and carefully applied selection function to recover the true evolution of the luminosity-temperature relation. This is crucial for shallow surveys.
Simulations of IXO using different angular resolutions are found to have only a minor effect on the number and distribution of detected clusters.


Studies of the spatial ecology of human welfare and deprivation in developing countries have traditionally focused on the disparities between the urban and rural environments. Yet it may be argued that with regard to providing a better understanding of the socio‐spatial structures of the developing countries, neither the urban nor the rural areas are internally homogenous. This study illustrates the intra‐rural dimension of social deprivation with reference to a part of Kwara State, Nigeria. This involves outlining a framework for selecting functional indicators in analysing spatial variability. The problem of establishing a universally acceptable criteria is noted and justified on the basis that the variables are believed to cover Nigeria's spatial social policy and local aspirations of the people in the study area. Finally, the practical merits of rural indicators research by rural geographers, policy makers and others concerned with rural development planning are highlighted.


Though widely studied, target detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image is still a challenging problem. The classical convolutional neural network (CNN) samples spatial locations with the fixed geometric structure, and hence is incapable of learning the representations of varied-scale ships. It's difficult to locate multi-scale targets accurately in the complex scenes. On the other hand, to apply the classical models in SAR image, we need to duplicate the single-channel image to 3-channel one. The preprocess could not introduce the additional semantic information yet producing feature redundancy. To solve these problems, we introduced a new method for ship detection. We deployed the deformable convolutional block to learn features of ships with various scales at arbitrary locations. Different from the preceding works, the former shallow feature maps are also employed to enhance the representations of targets, especially small ships. In addition, the group normalization strategy is configured to alleviate internal covariate shift and accelerate the convergence. There is no need to make a tradeoff between the scale of model architecture and the batch size. Multiple comparative experiments on SSDD dataset are performed to demonstrate the advantage of proposed methods.


Energy consumption is the key to the ecological impact of many machine tools, especially milling machines. One promising strategy for minimising the energy consumption of machine tools is to reduce the mass of their structural components. This solution, however, has a clear drawback: the mechanical stiffness of the machine is reduced, impairing its performance and, in the long run, its productivity. This study proposes a new methodology to overcome such limitations, which involves the design of machine tools with ultra-light structural components, and the development of strategies to counteract the loss of productivity as a consequence of lightweight machines. The new methodology includes the use of modular boxes built with carbon-fibre trusses, calculation of the dynamic stiffness of the new design, the identification of its weaknesses in terms of its cutting processes, and the design and integration of active damping systems in the machine to soften the expected vibrations under the most critical cutting conditions. This methodology has been tested in the new design of a ram of a bridge-type machining centre of medium size. The results show that a 60% reduction in mass can be achieved and that an active damper system can compensate a 60% reduction in mechanical stiffness, maintaining a level of performance that is comparable to heavier standard machines under high-cutting conditions.


In the light of the present status of the laboratory technicaian team,this article proposed that how to adopt active measures for laboratory's functional departments to give a full play,and presented some measures to strengthem the experimental technicaian team construction ineluding setting up technical posts "brilliance project" etc.for stabilizing and enhancing the team's activeness.


Tin mining on Bangka Island was monopolized by large companies since the colonial period until twenty years ago. Furthermore, illegal tin miners or unconventional mines (tambang inkonvensional or TI) are the main actors in tin exploitation. We conducted research on the network of tin mining actors to explain the social relations, capital, and business of tin miners. Through the case study method, we observed and interviewed our informants during the March-October 2018 period. Within the neo-extractivism framework, we examined that TI players were connected to the mining business supported by global investment through a network of sub-collectors, collectors, and the smelting industry. This network serves to legalize the tin obtained by TI while ensuring the supply of industrial raw materials to support exports. We conclude that there has been a shift from production to distribution sectors. When emphasis on production processes, various institutional decays occur which involve state actors in it. Next, as attention is paid to the distribution chain, a shadow network that hides behind official companies emerges.


Neutrino oscillation data had been a big surprise to theoris ts, and indeed they have ongoing impact on theory. I review what the impact has been, a nd what measurements will have critical impact on theory in the future.


Huddling can be defined as "an active and close aggregation of animals". It is a cooperative group behaviour, permitting individuals involved in social thermoregulation to minimize heat loss and thereby lower their energy expenditure, and possibly allowing them to reallocate the saved energy to other functions such as growth or reproduction. Huddling is especially important in the case of animals faced with high heat loss due to a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, poor insulation, or living in cold environments. Although numerous experimental studies have focused on the huddling behaviour of a wide range of species, to our knowledge, this is the first attempt to review the various implications of this widely used behavioural strategy.


This article traces the composition history of The Great Gatsby from manuscript through galley proofs to the published novel, indicating how Fitzgerald intensified conflict between Gatsby and Tom by making Tom the investigator of a bootlegger rumored to have been a German spy during World War I. It shows the conflict to be a displaced reprise of American anti-German sentiment during the war, which provides a gloss on the billboard of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg and the tale of the brewer who built Gatsby's mansion. It cites Nick Carraway's rhetorical tendencies as evidence of the war's persistent effects and contrasts them with Fitzgerald's social criticism.


This is the editors' introduction to a new anthology of commissioned articles covering the various branches of philosophy of physics. We introduce the articles in terms of the three pillars of modern physics: relativity theory, quantum theory and thermal physics. We end by discussing the present state, and future prospects, of fundamental physics.


Property and market situation of dust free paper and spunlaced nonwovens used as wiper,development situation of high performance filter materials and main process method of composite filter materials are introduced in the paper.Composite development trend of filter materials is proved through comparing experiment.


Structure-activity correlations of pyrethroids to Musca domestica and Blattella germanica were studied in terms of partition coefficient, electronic effect and conformation. Relative Rf values of 12 pyrethroids measured by thin-layer chromatography were related to the relative partition coefficients and electronic effect. The relative size and shape of six pyrethroids were determined by probabilistic automatic pattern analysis using Corey-Paulings' molecular models. There is no correlation of knockdown of M. domestica and partitioning. The simple correlation, with 0.10< P <0.01 of partitioning, electronic effect and size and shape of pyrethroids to toxicity were 0, 0.2–0.3, 0.7–0.8 respectively while thermodynamic treatment gave corresponding correlations of 0, 0.4, 0.6.


According to the physical and chemical properties of refined flyash,both experimental investigation and site uses of the refined flyash used in the asphalt mixed materials based on the burden ratio and strength theory of the asphalt mixed materials show that the replacement of orepowder with refined flyash in the asphalt mixed material is useful.


Zooplankters are aquatic creatures that swim in a sequence of discrete hops, each followed by a directional change represented by a turn through some angle. We observe that the mean turning angles of foraging Daphnia are similar across species suggesting that the mean turning angles may have some adaptive value.