Clinical case of extremely rare abnormality of temporal mandibular joint as bifid condyle of a 15 years old patient has been described. It was diagnosed for the first time during 23 years of clinical practice. This abnormality was accompanied by synovial chondromatosis of temporomandibulrar joint, osteoporosis, deformation coxoarthrosis from the left side, pelvis bones skewness (on MRI – right femoral bone head dysplasia, pelvis ring deformation) shortening of a right lower extremity. It enables the author to consider, that bifid condyle and temporomandibulrar joint chondromatosis in a 15 years old patient are the manifestations of a systemic disease of connective tissue. [Ibragimova R.S., Mirzakulova U.R., Kosmaganbetova A.T., Shalabayeva K.Z., Zaitenova G.B. Bifid Mandibular Condyle as a Manifestation of a Systemic Disease of Connective Tissue. Life Sci J 2014;11(1s):191-194] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33


MiRNA is a biological short sequence, which plays a crucial role in almost all important biological process. MiRNA patterns are common sequence segments of multiple mature miRNA sequences, and they are of significance in identifying miRNAs due to the functional implication in miRNA patterns. In the ...


The Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) has released more than 100 inbred rice varieties. Still, an old mega variety BRRI dhan28 dominates the farmers' fields during the dry winter (Boro season: November–June) season. This variety is very susceptible to different diseases and insects, causing lower yield performance than its potential. To replace this variety, current on-farm research was planned to evaluate the newly developed four superior rice varieties: BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan63, BRRI dhan67, and BRRI dhan74 during Boro season in 2017 and 2018. The objective was to create data and popularize new varieties among farmers all over the country. We conducted 15 on-farm trials with farmers' active participation at Senbag, Fulgazi, and Mirsarai Upazila of Noakhali, Feni, and Chattogram districts, respectively, in Bangladesh. The results demonstrate that BRRI dhan74 produced the highest grain yield among the tested varieties, followed by BRRI dhan67, BRRI dhan63, and BRRI dhan58, while BRRI dhan28 produced the lowest. However, BRRI dhan67 obtained the highest preference scores from the farmers and extension personnel due to its medium and slender grains, shorter growth duration, resistance to lodging, less disease, and less insect invasion. Moreover, stability indices for yield revealed that BRRI dhan67 was the most stable, adaptive, and appropriate variety, followed by BRRI dhan74, across the locations. Farmers showed keen interest to grow BRRI dhan67 by themselves instead of BRRI dhan28 all over the study locations. The neighboring farmers also expressed their curiosity about cultivating BRRI dhan67 over BRRI dhan28 by collecting seeds from the participating farmers. Thus, BRRI dhan67 could be a perfect replacement for BRRI dhan28. However, conducting participatory varietal evaluation trials across the agroecological zones of the country is recommended to validate the results of this study.


The Nash equilibrium method is studied in this paper, and a new motion prediction algorithm based on Nash equilibrium is proposed. This method includes 3 main contents: 1. Analyze and abstract the influencing factors of object motion. 2. Analyze the effects of each factor and list the Nash equilibrium equation. 3. Find the optimal solution of the system of equations. Use Nash equilibrium method to attain the purpose of overall considerate all influencing factors of motion prediction. This algorithm can solve the problem that the current motion prediction algorithm can't take all the influence factors into account. To verify this method, we introduce this method to the ocean drift motion prediction and prove the accuracy of the method through three sets of comparison experiments.


We report a 20 year old girl admitted with cognitive decline and abnormal body movement for more than 16 month now bed ridden for last 3 month. On admission patient was conscious following command moving all four limbs. Myoclonic jerk involving limbs at a regular interval were noted .General physical examination was unremarkable. Detailed ophthalmological examination showed a normal fundus with no changes in the retina and optic nerve head. The kidney routine blood test, anti thyroperoxidase antibody, serum ammonia was normal. Viral markers were negative. Case Report


The Xujiahe formation is a succession of continental, coal-bearing strata that is deposited in alluvial fan, braided and meandering rivers, overbank or shallow lacustrine and deltaic environments. Within the Xujiahe formation, five sequence boundaries are proposed based on cores and outcrops including tectonic unconformities and basinal facies-tract dislocations associated with fluvial rejuvenation and incision. Sequence boundaries define third-order sequences (SQ1, 2, 3 and 4) that correspond to Member 1, Members 2 and 3, Members 4 and 5, and Member 6 and 7. paleogeographic units include alluvial fan, fluvial, delta plain and front, and shallow lacustrine. Shallow lacustrine widely developed during SQ1, and small sand bars deposited in the central and northern basin. Alluvial fans developed in front of the fold-and-thrust belt in western basin in SQ2 and SQ3, while fluvial and deltaic units well developed in the basin, and the lacustrine area shifted to the west. Tectonic uplift occurred in SQ4, and the strata were eroded in the northwestern basin. A number of deltaic lobes developed in the basin, lake area shank and present as a belt parallel to the west margin of the basin. Coal accumulation centers mainly developed in the regions along the boundary of delta plain and delta front.


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This work takes into consideration the production of the Middle and Late Bronze Age pottery in the lower Friuli plain between the spring belt and the coastline, starting from two distinct groups of unpublished pottery of different origin and potential information:
1) pottery collected on the surface of several sites in western and central lowlands of Friuli; only one context is documented by stratigraphic excavation: it probed a Bronze Age ditch offside a settlement area.
2) a large sample of pottery found in excavations made between 2005-2009 in the fortified settlement (castelliere) of Gradiscje di Codroipo, in a central position of the research area.
The first set of findings has provided extensive documentation about the impressive cycle of settlement that invested the middle and lower Friuli plain in the late Middle Bronze Age and Late Bronze Age. Most of the sites were active in the initial and full phases of the Late Bronze Age; due to the lack of precise ceramic indicators more precise dating is often difficult. The crisis of settlement in the lowlands south of the spring belt at the beginning of the Final Bronze Age is therefore confirmed. The study of this pottery has given the opportunity to launch an attempt to systematic typological classification of the Middle and Late Bronze Age published pottery from Friuli.
The documentation of Gradiscje di Codroipo, consisting of chronologically significant groups of pottery fragments stratigraphically related, allowed to scan BR2 and the transition to the BF in several phases and to highlight interesting correlations between elements of the formal repertory of the Middle Danubian Urnfield culture and the ceramic types characterizing this period in the Veneto area.


Cooling through evaporation is an ancient effective method of lowering temperature. The simple clay pot refrigerator is ideally suited for preserving vegetarian food and water in hot and dry climates. The refrigeration takes place by evaporation through the porous pot material. The present work includes experimental analysis of a clay pot by varying height of water in the pot and by subjecting the clay pot for free and forced convection. Results obtained from experimental analysis shows that Temperature T1 remains almost same when clay pot is filled with 1.5 and 4.5 liters of water and Temperature T1 is highest when the wind speed is 0 m/s and lowest when wind speed is 4.4 m/s. Keywords-vaporation,Refrigeration,Temperature,Porous,Free and forced convection


are some of this opinion still, I would wish to convince them by referring them to the practical results that have arisen from the imperfect measures adopted, under the impression that the disease is contagious. I shall chiefly direct your attention to the results in India, where my experience extends, leaving out the facts accumulated in Europe, and at Staten Island in America, as you have had better means of judging of them than I have. The medical returns in the present report of I872 amply confirm the returns offormer years, since quarantine was introducedintoIndia in I862. I would repeat that the system is confessedly imperfect, and supposed to be frequently evaded, but it never claimed to give perfect protection, and its action may be improved. The accompanying table shows the effect of quarantine on the dissemination of the disease amongst three classes who were subject to its control, compared with its prevalence among the civil population, to whom its regulations could not be extended. This table only gives the returns of I872, which may be called an epidemic year, and of 1871, which was a non-epidemic year. If I find time I shall add the five previous years. Each class is sub. divided under four heads, showing, first, where no death occurred from cholera; second, where one death occurred ; third, where two deaths occurred; fourth, where more than two deaths occurred in protected localities. It thus appears that in these, 78.49 per cent. escaped entirely; 6.89 per cent. had one death; 3.94 per cent. two deaths, and only 10. 57 per cenit. had more than two ; whilst, in the unprotected class, there were only 7.55 per cent., with less than fifty deaths; 3.77 per cent. with from fifty to one hundred deaths; 5.66 per cent. with from one hundred to two hundred deaths, and 83.03 per cent. with over two hundred deaths. When I was in India, I received reports in numerous instances from the Deputy Inspectors-General of Hospitals that the disease was raging severely in the district, whilst there were no cases in cantonments. In all the protected localities, the sanitary arrangements were as perfect as practicable-certainly much better than in the towns and villages of the district; and I consider that it was owing to these most valuable arrangements that the dissemination of the disease was limited in those instances where it found access, and was followed by only one or two cases. At the same time, it must be remarked that the relative mortality in these protected places was much higher, especially among the European troops and native prisoners, than in the unprotected places; and also that it varied materially between the native troops and native prisoners, with whom the sanitary arrangements were in full and equal force. This proves that sanitary laws alone will not regulate the mor. tality of cholera, and furnishes one of the facts on which my opinion is formed of the contagious nature of the disease. The relative number of the inhabitants in the unprotected and protected classes differs very materially; but this would not account for the difference in the ratio of attacks in the localities-i. e., 78.49 per cent. exempted in the one case, and only 11.51 per cent. in the other. The importance of exclusion cannot be over-estimated, when it is considered that the presence of one case may originate a wide-spread attack. Therewould be little difficulty in selectingalarge numberofcasesfrom the present epidemic, where there was a very high mortality in the district, whilst there was total exemption in the jails. In twenty of the jails, in twenty of the districts most severely affected, there was not a single death from cholera, while the mortality in the districts amounted to 56,914. This is positive evidence, which is incompatible with the aerial theory, and forms but a fraction of similar instances to be found in Bryden's tables of the present and former years. The returns in this report clearly indicate that the present quarantine regulations are inefficient in protecting open towns in a commercial country, and that they ought to be abandoned there; but they also show that these regulations are valuable as far as they can be efficiently applied; the exemption being most complete in thejails, where, among the native prisoners, it amounts to 84.38 per cent., whilst that of the European troops is only 68.12 per cent., and that of the native troops is intermediate, viz., 73.46 per cent.; clearly proving that quarantine, under certain circumstances, may be employed with advantage. An island is under favourable circumstances for an efficient quarantine, as the onlyentrance of the disease from a foreign country must be by ships at a port. When the disease is already raging in the interior, external quarantine can be of little value ; but cases suffering from the disease should not be allowed to land in any healthy port, and, in all cases, floating accommodation should be provided for them. I most fully concur with Dr. Milroy in the necessity of a revision of the present quarantine regulations, and agree that it would lead to more definite results if conducted by a small body of well-selected men, than by a numerous and foreign congress. But it must be instituted by Government to give its opinion weight, and also to give it the means to render that opinion valuable. SOME REMARKS ON POST PARTUM HAE:MORRHAGE.


and Implications The objective of this study was to characterize breed differences using SNP available on commonly-used marker panels compared to using genome-wide SNP haplotypes derived from the same markers. The percentage of breed-specific segregating haplotypes was much higher than that of SNPs. Principal components of haplotypes characterized breed difference better than SNP genotypes. Results indicate that haplotypes characterize breed differences more adequately than SNP genotypes and hence offer promise to improve genomic prediction and fine mapping in multi breed populations. Introduction Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) reflects the extent to which a particular allele at one locus is inherited together with a particular allele at another locus. Genomic prediction using SNP panels will be more effective when a marker locus on the panel is in high LD with a causal mutation at a quantitative trait locus (QTL) having a major effect on a trait. In beef cattle populations, LD between QTL and SNPs can be high in one breed but low and inconsistent across breeds, because QTL can be fixed within certain breeds or have different minor allele frequencies (MAF) among breeds. The SNPs used for genotyping panels are selected to be informative by having moderate to high MAF, and these cannot well characterize breed differences at QTL with low frequency alleles. Thus breed differences characterized by SNP genotypes are inadequate in representing differences at QTL, which leads to low accuracy of across-breed genomic prediction. Alleles at nearby SNP loci tend to be inherited together in what is referred to as a haplotype. The inadequate LD between SNPs and QTL can be improved using haplotypes within short genomic windows that are constructed from phased SNP genotypes. With sufficient SNP density, haplotypes 1) can be in complete LD with QTL irrespective of the MAF of QTL, and 2) can capture genetic variance at multi-allelic loci. The objective of this study was to investigate the advantage of haplotypes over SNP genotypes in characterizing breed difference of multiple beef cattle breeds.


Fredericks EM, Dore‐Stites D, Well A, Magee JC, Freed GL, Shieck V, Lopez MJ. Assessment of transition readiness skills and adherence in pediatric liver transplant recipients.
Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14:944–953. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.


Female Runners with ITBS Have Distal Hyperalgesia in the Affected Limb Context : Runners with Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) have decreased frontal plane hip strength. Regional or contralateral spread of pain sensitization (hyperalgesia) could also be present and contributing to the chronicity and severity of ITBS symptoms, but has not been studied. Objective: To investigate pain sensation and hip strength in runners with and without ITBS. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: Fifteen female recreational runners (30.8±8.13yrs) volunteered to participate (9 ITBS, 6 Control). Interventions: Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT) was measured with a digital algometer bilaterally for ITBS and unilaterally in Controls (dominant limb) at the: ITB, tibialis anterior (TA), and dorsal foot (1 st web). The dominant hand (1 st web) was also tested as a neutral site. Hip strength was measured bilaterally in both groups with a digital hand-held dynamometer (HHD) in supine with belt fixation. Three repeat trials of each measure were taken. When trial variance was >10% a fourth measure was taken. Main Outcome Measures: PPT (kg) and peak isometric abduction and adduction (%BW) were calculated as the mean of 3 out of 4 trials with the lowest variance. Three one-way (ITBS injured limb, ITBS non-injured limb, Control) ANOVAs with Bonferonni corrections were used to calculate PPT. Two one-way (ITBS injured limb, ITBS non-injured limb, controls) ANOVAs with Bonferonni corrections were used to calculate HHD. Results: ITBS injured leg had significantly diminished PPT at the foot compared to controls (ITBS-inj: 1.55±0.38kg, ITBS-non: 1.50±0.56kg, CON: 3.79±2.62kg, P =0.01). PPT values at the ITB, TA, and hand were not different between groups. Normalized peak hip strength was also not different between groups . Conclusions: Diminished PPT at the foot (a heightened pain sensitivity) in the ITBS affected lower limb was found. This novel finding in the absence of hip strength asymmetry, may influence how clinicians classify and treat runners with ITBS.


On the examples of successful implementations of technologies in the projects of unmanned (U) tethered and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), we demonstrated effectiveness of the automated control systems (ACS) with a hybrid decision support system (DSS). A generalized DSS structure is formed, for which the fundamental elements that provide for the quality of control are the selection criteria for models, algorithms and formation of operating rules. The main ones of the properties of criteria are simplicity, accuracy, and evaluation speed, which also enables full account of the models' properties. We explored a generalized mathematic model of UAUV. The problem on analytical determination of dependence of the estimation error in the predicted behavior of model on the properties of AUV and process parameters was formulated and solved. Based on general analytical solutions, which were obtained by the methods of finite-integral transforms, we examined the properties of such evaluations by using numerical experiments. According to results of analysis of the obtained data, it was established that a factor of the quantity of own numbers for the formation of kernels of integral transformations is more significant and it first of all determines the magnitude of error when modeling the processes. Analyticity of expressions for the estimation of error in the predicted model's behavior makes them fit for simple rapid calculations. The latter provides for the advantage of such estimations when selecting them as the criteria for DSS of hybrid architecture as a quantitative criterion for the choice of alternative model, algorithm in the course of functioning of the underwater technology ACS.


The application of remote control system of relay protection device has become an overall tendency. This paper has discussed the method to improve the safe reliability of remote control of relay protection device from solution selection, the realization of solution, actual operation procedures as well as risk points and countermeasures, so that the safe reliability of remote control of relay protection device can be ensured through the application of these methods.


The article analyzes the connection between the supervised cost of financial organization and enterprises starting a business. Under the condition that every enterpriser has the same financing power and due to the supervised cost of financial organization is different, there will be different polity. Under the condition of high supervised cost, there only be a lifttle part of enterprisers choosing to start a business and earning less financing from the financial organization. Under the condition of low supervised cost, there will be more entrepreneurs choosing to start a business and earning more financing.


PLACING RICHARD HOFSTADTER IN THE CONTEXT of American historiography has been a difficult task for several years. At first everyone appeared to agree with the assessment in John Higham's famous essay of 1959, which defined the consensus school and included Hofstadter among its members. Following Higham's lead, most writers at the time almost axiomatically linked Hofstadter with Louis Hartz, Daniel Boorstin, Clinton Rossiter, and others who have celebrated the supposed absence of ideological politics in America. The basis for this judgment was The American Political Tradition, a book Hofstadter published in 1948 at the beginning of his career. As he observed in the introduction, his "studies in the ideology of American statesmanship" had convinced him "of the need for a reinterpretation of our political traditions which emphasized the common climate of American opinion." "However much at odds on specific issues," he continued, "the major political traditions have shared a belief in the rights of property, the philosophy of economic individualism, the value of competition; they have accepted the economic virtues of capitalist culture as necessary qualities of man." The break with the Progressive school, with its emphasis on a fierce endemic struggle between rich and poor, capitalist and democrat, could not seem more clear.' Yet a number of recent writers on Hofstadter have been troubled by the consensus label. In 1969 Arthur M. Schlesinger, jr., raised the first doubts about it, and Christopher Lasch, Richard Gillam, Daniel Walker Howe, Peter Elliott Finn, Stanley Elkins, and Eric L. McKitrick have all followed suit. Hofstadter may have acknowledged the existence of a bourgeois capitalist consensus in America,


With the help of the property of instantaneous speed center and being aimed at the plate cam with a roller-swinging-follower,the author has established a set of analytic formulas for calculating both the borderline of the cam and the cutter central path.The formulas is simple and their deriving process is concise and easy to understand.And in this paper,the author offers a new method for the design of the borderline of the cam and the calculation of the cutter central path.


OBJECTIVE To study the disinfectant resistance of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated clinically,and to find out the efficacy of disinfectants commonly used in killing multi-drug resistant E.coli strains.METHODS Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) and suspension quantitative germicidal test were used.Compared with standard strains,strains of multi-drug resistant E.coli isolated clinically were determined the resistance to four kinds of disinfectants including benzalkonium bromide etc.RESULTS A higher MIC of benzalkonium bromide compared with standard strains was observed in 61.9% of all 21 multi-drug resistant E.coli strains,and as for povidone iodine and NaClO,the ratio was 71.4% and 14.3%,respectively.All multi-drug resistant E.coli strains had the same MICs of peroxyacetic acid with standard strains.The above-mentioned 4 disinfectants commonly used at the routine concentrations killed 100% of the resistant strains of E.coli within 5 minutes.CONCLUSIONS The resistance to benzalkonium bromide and povidone iodine of multi-drug resistant E.coli isolated clinically is higher than standard strains;and 4 kinds of disinfectants commonly used are effective for multi-drug resistant E.coli strains isolated clinically.


This paper describes a preliminary study of the anti-HIV antibody 10E8 and Membrane Proximal External Re Gion (MPER) antigen's interaction based on extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) enabled by a free-standing gold film perforated with periodically arrayed nano-holes. Particularly, the spectral shift caused by the microfluidic flow rate through the porous and suspended Au/Cr/Si3N4 film has been quantified for the first time and this shift as measurement error has been decoupled and eliminated from the recorded signal to enhance the monitoring accuracy.


The literatures on electoral systems and legislatures usually treat the causal relationship between electoral systems and parliamentary rules as unidirectional, with the proportionality of electoral rules determining the centralization of parliamentary powers. This paper argues that such reasoning runs the risk of 'reading history backward'. A qualitative sequence elaboration of decisions about electoral and parliamentary reform in two pathway cases (the United Kingdom and Germany) reveals that decisions about parliamentary agenda control determine electoral choice. In the United Kingdom, the introduction of the closure in 1882 served as a necessary condition for the turn toward majority rule in the 1885 Redistribution Act and at the same time constituted a sufficient condition for limiting the probability of party system fragmentation. In Germany, the institutionalization of decentralized parliamentary agenda control in the Council of Seniors (in which the SPD as the crucial actor of the 1919 electoral reform participated in an institutionalized fashion by the end of the First World War) served as a sufficient condition for limiting the socialist threat perceived by the center-right parties (which rendered PR acceptable for them). Parliamentary rules hence served as an antecedent (United Kingdom) or intervening factor (Germany) diminishing the existing causal relationship between developments on the party system level and electoral reform.


This article combines a brief introduction into a particular philosophical theory of 'time' with a demonstration of how this theory has been implemented in a Literary Studies oriented Humanities Computing project. The aim of the project was to create a model of text-based time cognition and design customized markup and text analysis tools that help to understand ''how time works'': more precisely, how narratively organised and communicated information motivates readers to generate the mental image of a chronologically organized world. The approach presented is based on the unitary model of time originally proposed by McTaggart, who distinguished between two perspectives onto time, the so-called A- and B-series. The first step towards a functional Humanities Computing implementation of this theoretical approach was the development of TempusMarker—a software tool providing automatic and semi-automatic markup routines for the tagging of temporal expressions in natural language texts. In the second step we discuss the principals underlying TempusParser—an analytical tool that can re-construct temporal order in events by way of an algorithm-driven process of analysis and recombination of textual segments during which the 'time stamp' of each segment as indicated by the temporal tags is interpreted.


In this paper, a novel spread dimension (SD) communication using orthogonal patterns to transmit information is proposed to achieve the reliable communication with the smarty jamming. A soft demodulator is presented and a posterior probability (APP) according to maximum a posterior probability (MAP) estimation is derived to obtain the soft information for soft iterative decoding. The demodulator is suitable for coherent reception ,non-coherent reception with the channel state information (CSI) and non-coherent reception without CSI. Besides, the capacity of the coded modulation scheme which employs GF(q) LDPC codes is compared with the bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) scheme using the binary LDPC codes for the SD communication system. We prove that the CM scheme is able to better utilize the soft information and owns a higher achievable rate. Simulation results show that the gain of the q-ary LDPC coded SD system is up to 0.5 dB over AWGN channel and has a very good performance with the smarty jamming.


The Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria are adept at developing resistance to antimalarial drugs, necessitating the search for new antiplasmodials. Although several amide analogs of pantothenate (pantothenamides) show potent antiplasmodial activity, hydrolysis by pantetheinases (or vanins) present in blood rapidly inactivates them. We report herein the facile synthesis and biological activity of a small library of pantothenamide analogs in which the labile amide group is replaced with a variety of heteroaromatic rings. Several of the new analogs display antiplasmodial activity in the nanomolar range against P. falciparum and/or P. knowlesi in the presence of pantetheinase. A previously reported triazole and an isoxazole derivative presented here were further characterized and found to possess high selectivity indices, medium or high Caco-2 permeability, and medium or low microsomal clearance in vitro. Although we show here that the two compounds fail to suppress proliferation of P. berghei in vivo, pharmacokinetic and contact time data presented provide a benchmark for the compound profile required to achieve antiplasmodial activity in mice and should facilitate lead optimization.


A model for an endoscope comprises a tissue retaining part, and the tissue retaining part comprises a hard first member having a through hole and which is formed in a frame shape, and a second member which is formed in a sheet shape with a material which is more flexible than the first member and capable of elastic deformation, has a window part which passes through the thickness direction, and is attached to the first member. The second member is attached to the first member in a state of a tissue portion being attached to overlap with the window part, and of being elastically deformed and tension acting upon the second member and the tissue portion.


The utility model discloses a solar rice heating cooker. A solar-thermal collector is a combination of efficient vacuum tubes and light reflection focus lenses. An energy accumulator is a hollow heat insulation housing and is filled with heat medium oil, and the energy accumulator is connected with the solar-thermal collector through a heat conduction device. Heat in the energy accumulator is conducted to to-be-heated food inside the cooker through the bottom of a cooker body, and a switch is used for defining the heating mode of the rice heating cooker. The solar rice heating cooker has the advantages that the structure is novel and no additional energy source is needed, and the solar rice heating cooker is a preferred cooker for an outdoor mobile organization.


A study aimed at discovering which implicit conceptions feed everyday life appraisals of intellect, how they relate to accuracy and how these appraisals are linked to the appraiser's intellect, is described. The findings have enabled the author to single out and classify criteria according to which people judge the intellect of others on everyday basis. The study has also revealed a link between the criteria being applied and the intellect of the appraiser.


This issue is a collection of twelve documents on the policies in Xinjiang. These policies can be grouped into four categories: economic inducements, ideological indoctrination, cultural assimilation, and social control. Economic inducements are provided on the assumption that economic growth will benefit the ethnic minorities. Satisfied materially, their tendency to resist is weakened. Ideological indoctrination has the power to cultivate political identification with the regime of China through an official narrative of historical view and the contribution of the regime to the economic and social development of Xinjiang. Cultural assimilation is to integrate Uighurs culturally with the Han-dominated Chinese culture through education. Social control is to establish a coercive system for preventing subversion and punishing the secessionists in order to weaken the will to resist.


By combining with facts,the paper analyzes the characteristics of the projects,introduces the construction technology measures of the large volume pumping concrete,including the severe control over the concrete temperature,the reduction of the internal and external temperature,the prevention of the shrinkage joint,so as to ensure the quality of the concrete projects and improve the quality of buildings.


M ETAPHOR as a phenomenon of primary importance in semantics has been given a great deal of attention, but perhaps not quite enough, at least not where the history of specific metaphors is concerned. Whenever the transfer of a word to some other sphere of meaning is based on obvious similarities between the two things or ideas to be compared, many, or perhaps most, philologists seem to feel that no further investigation is needed. The fox being a cunning animal, it seems quite natural that a sly fellow should be called a fox, and there one is inclined to let the matter rest. Special explanations are deemed necessary only in those cases in which there is no apparent similarity between the original and the transferred meaning of a word. If a linguist assumes that the word shrew-a railing or scolding woman-is the same as the word shrew in shrewmouse, then he is challenged to find out from what sources the name of that diminutive and seemingly innocuous animal derived its ability to develop a metaphorical sense so far apart from its original meaning. He will find the problem solved as soon as he discovers that in times not so far past popular zoology ranged the shrewmouse among the poisonous animals, so poisonous, in fact, that its mere touch could make the limb of an animal wither (Gilbert White, The Natural History of Selborne, letter of Jan. 8, 1776). The objection to this practice is that it tends to obscure the fact that even metaphors which at a first glance seem to be based on quite obvious comparisons sometimes have an interesting history that will be lost if we accept the view that what is obvious needs no further investigation. The political use of tidal wave bears out this statement. In this case the material collected for the Dictionary of Political Words and Phrases shows that the apparently evident character of this metaphor has caused significant and easily accessible points to go unobserved. If we assume the NED to be correct, the word was introduced in 1830 by Sir Charles Lyell (Principles of Geology, I, 293); however, in the sense that it was used by him and has been used by professional geologists up to the present day, a tidal wave means something different from what it means to the nonprofessional speaker. When the layman applies tidal wave not to politics but to the natural phenomenon, he thinks of an


Connecting with the actual situation of the library of China University of MiningTechnology,this paper probes into several problems in the networked management of CD attached with books,and puts forward some improvement measures.


Proper hand hygiene is a basic preventive measure in the fight infections. Is crucial for the execution of all activities related to patient care. The aim is to determine the level of knowledge about hand hygiene among the largest group of nursing staff consisting of general nurses. The work is divided into theoretical and practical. The first part is devoted to theoretical interpretation of the issue. The second part contains an analysis of data collected during the research study. The results are processed in the charts.


Through concrete experiment, this essay argues that the chemistry experiment have special function on developing students intelligence, promoting students emotion and will. It discussed the chemistry experiment in middle school deeply.


Multinationals usually face challenges of new business practices, dynamic consumer preferences, location choices for different value chain activities, and effective co‐ordination of global operations. Suggests that multinationals cultivate global experience curve advantage by improving technology and marketing capabilities for coping with rapid changes in the global marketplace. Uses the PIMS database to examine the impact of such capabilities on a firm's performance. Indicates that companies with higher technology and marketing capabilities tend to expand into international markets earlier and to enjoy better performance. In addition, a synergy effect between technology and marketing capabilities suggests that multinationals improve both simultaneously in raising market share to a desired level. Discusses a framework for developing global experience curve advantage and presents cases illustrating how multinationals utilize their technology and marketing capabilities successfully to create competitive edg...


The essential oils of Artemisia arborescens growing in Sardinia (Italy), collected during three plant growth stages, i.e., from the vegetative stage to post‐blooming time, were characterized. Moreover, the in vitro antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of the oil isolated from aerial parts collected in February were evaluated. The essential oils belonged to the β‐thujone/chamazulene chemotype, notably with the highest amount of chamazulene (ca. 52%) ever detected up to now in the genus Artemisia and, in general, in essential oils. Quantitative variations in the oil composition were observed as the plant passes from the vegetative to the blooming stage. The oil was tested for its potential tumor cell growth‐inhibitory effect on T98G, MDA‐MB 435S, A375, and HCT116 human cell lines, using the MTT (=3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide) assay. The highest activity was observed on A375 and HCT116 cell lines, with IC50 values of 14 μg/ml. Moreover, the in vitro antioxidant and free radical‐scavenging assays revealed the oil to be an effective scavenger of the ABTS radical cation, with an activity comparable to that of Trolox®. These results support the use of A. arborescens oil for the treatment of inflamed skin conditions. Finally, the composition of the polar fraction of the A. arborescens aerial parts was also examined, and the main component detected was 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, which was identified for the first time in this plant.


Due to the effects of traffic atrophy and ascendant transportation costs of upstream manufacturers,Chinese logistics enterprises are suffering an unprecedented crisis labor costs,oil prices and land-use taxes were sharply increased,so striving to reduce the cost is the lies of China's logistics enterprises out of the crisis.


The present invention uses a polyvinyl acetal resin as a resin component, it offers a possible resin composition to impart excellent anti-glare properties and sufficient translucency to the optical member. The resin composition of the present invention is characterized with rare earth metal ions, and alkyl phosphoric acid ester compound or alkenyl phosphate compound, and a polyvinyl acetal resin, in that it contains.


This research is aimed to examine: 1) the effect of firm size on the quality of financial statements, 2) the effect of ownership structure on the quality of financial statements and 3) the effect of market concentration on quality of financial statements in manufacturing companies listed on Indonesa Stock Exchange. This type of research that is classified as causative research. The population in this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Bursa Efek Indonesia in 4 years observation period (2007-2010). Total samples are 30 companies. The data are collected using purposive sampling method. The method of data analysis is multiple  regression. The data that is used in this research is secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) and www.idx.co.id. The result of test shows that: 1) firm size shows significant positively to the quality of financial statement , where the significance value 0.0 1 0 t table is 2 . 634 > 1. 9806 (H1 accepted). 2) Ownership structure doesn't show significantly effect on the quality of financial statements , where the significance value 0. 288 > 0.05 and t count t table is 2 . 721 > 1. 9806 (H 3 accepted). In this study suggested: (1) to increase the quality of the company's management over financial reporting that could affect investors' decisions. (2) for other researchers to extend the period of study in order to sample more of the variables studied and expected more varieted. Keywords: Firm Size, Ownership Structure, Market Concentration, quality of Financial Statements


Type 2 immunity has been recently shown to play a key role in adipocyte homeostasis, and a relatively novel cell type, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), are instrumental in many homeostatic pathways in adipose tissue. A novel lymphoid structure, fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs), have been recently identified in adipose deposits but their broader function(s) in adipocyte homeostasis are unknown, and it is unclear what the most appropriate adipose deposit might be for further study. The aim of this investigation was to characterize the FALCS, ILC populations, and IL-33-producing stromal populations in three types of adipose tissue, to understand which might be the most appropriate for further study into adipocyte homeostasis. The results reveal that the most commonly studied adipose deposit (gonadal fat) has similar characteristics to the deposit that was hypothesized to be more physiologically appropriate (mesenteric fat). Subtle differences are apparent, including differing ILC2 populations, but the body of evidence is not sufficient to confidently suggest that mesenteric fat should replace gonadal as the in vivo model tissue of choice for obesity studies. However, omental fat does fulfill the criteria as an appropriate candidate tissue to explore questions around the role(s) of FALC in metabolic homeostasis, because of relatively high number of FALCs, ILC2s, and IL-33+ stromal cells. In addition, an improved imaging technique has been developed to allow the exploration of immune cell localization within the FALCs - critical for any future studies into FALC function in metabolic homeostasis.


We treat the vakonomic dynamics with general constraints within a new geometric framework, which can be useful in the study of optimal control problems. We compare our formulation with the one of Vershik and Gershkovich in the case of linear constraints. We show how nonholonomic mechanics also admits a new geometrical description which allows us to develop an algorithm of comparison between the solutions of both dynamics. Examples illustrating the theory are treated.


The design concept of Circular arrays is widely used in underwater environments to detect small targets. Sharpening circular arrays' beam-width and reducing sidelobe levels play a vital role in improving circular arrays' performance of detecting and distinguishing weak targets. In This paper, we introduce an advanced idea of a deconvolution algorithm used in signal identification to the conventional beam power of a circular array to reconstruct the spatial distribution. The proposed method can yield narrower beams and lower sidelobe levels than conventional methods successfully. The improvement of sharpening the beam-width and increasing the signal-to-interference ratio of the target is supported by the abundant simulations and experiments.


During the last decade, tremendous changes have occurred in health status and patterns of health care in Singapore. These changes have presented great opportunities for the Department of Social Medicine and Public Health to conduct research into a wide variety of topics of vital interest to community health. Subjects studied include health problems of urbanization, especially those related to industrial health, highrise living, and traffic accidents; health consequences of changing lifestyles particularly those related to smoking and alcohol; the changing epidemiology of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, particularly those related to smoking and alcohol; the changing epidemiology of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, particularly those relating to hypertension, cancer, tuberculosis and venereal diseases; new aspects of health care delivery especially those pertaining to the aged; Chinese medicines and primary health care; health education techniques and priorities, with special respect to teachers, mothers, and workers, and road users; and medical problems and social changes, including the erosion of the extended family system and the wider practice of abortion. The enormous coverage of research activities carried out by the department is seen in the publication figures by staff and postgraduate students of our department (1970, 5; 1971, 6; 1972, 7; 1973, 23; 1974, 24; 1975, 29; 1976, 28; 1977, 18; 1978, 14; 1979, 23). It is obvious therefore that in this short paper we can only hope to select some research projects for discussion. Among ongoing major projects which did not receive mention in the text of this paper are the Study of Occupational Health Hazards of Firemen, the Prospective Cohort Study on the relationship of Hepatitis B Carrier Status and the development of Hepatoma, a study of transplacental passage of lead and problems of Child Rearing in Highrise Apartments.


The rigid syn- and anti-atropisomers of
diacids 1 and 2 were synthesized and assigned by symmetry-based methods and
X-ray crystallography.


Heterogeneous MPSoCs are key to meeting energy efficiency and performance under constrained scenarios since different cores and accelerators are combined. In this work, we propose a novel approach to expand MPSoCs' design space. By removing the microarchitectural support of costly ISA extensions (e.g., FP, SIMD, crypto) of some of the MPSoC processors, we make room to add extra processors or hardware accelerators to the system. We apply this methodology to the FP instructions of a conventional MPSoC environment and demonstrate up to 40% reduction in energy consumption (geomean) maintaining baseline performance, under area and power constraints.


The performance of gene finding from genome sequences strongly depends on the accuracy of splice site prediction. Recent gene finding programs, however, still do not reach enough levels. To improve the accuracy of splice site prediction, it is required to understand the splicing mechanism and to make a model from clear experimental evidences. For this purpose, genomic full-length precursor mRNA sequences (FL-pre-mRNAs), together with expression information are indispensable. The FL-pre-mRNAs have entire gene structure such as the 5' and 3' end of mRNA, initiation codon, splice sites, stop codon, and polyadenylation signals, etc. They also contain all the alternative splice sites except the first or last exons in alternative transcripts. However, databases of FL-pre-mRNAs are still not reported in previous works. Aligning expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to the genomic sequences has been a common method for gene prediction or splice site analysis (1, 3). However, ESTs are not suitable for collecting FL-premRNAs because ESTs are partial sequences and the 5' ends of mRNAs are unknown in most cases, and even EST contigs clustered in UniGene (2) or RefSeq database (4) are not evident to be full-length. It is because ESTs are single sequencing reads that contain mutations, insertions, or deletions (5). Growing genomic and EST sequence data, computational approach has become one of methods to annotate the sequences as putative genes or ORFs. Whereas, Genbank database has accumulated the entries in which genomic complete protein-coding sequences or full-length mRNA sequences are characterized by experimental evidence. The sequences and the annotation (the positions of gene boundaries and functional signals) with the information more reliable than that determined by in silico prediction are expected to be high quality. Thus, we constructed datasets with experimental annotation from Genbank database for gene structure prediction and splice site analysis. Moreover, the analysis for constitutive and alternative splice sites with the correlation with several biological descriptors will be discussed.


High-tech venture enterprises(HTVE) represent a most active community in the entrepreneurial activity of the present era,also the main force in the High-tech industrialization and a driving force of technological progress.Provide HTVE with systemically supports,create a good cultural atmosphere of encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship,help them grow successfully,has been a consensus from all walks of life.Through analyzing HTVE's key factors in different growing stages,this thesis put forward a point that HTVE should build entrepreneurial competitive strength by dynamic strategic choice based on characteristics of the stages,the changes of external environment,the interactive mode and effects of internal and external,in order to keep competition advantage always,realizes continuous development.The external affecting elements of High-tech venture enterprises growth include economy,policy,talent and cultural environment,the internal affecting elements include entrepreneurs and entrepreneur teams,technical innovation,capital,business model.The coupling affecting elements include incubator,booster,University Science and Technology Park,Industry Alliance,agency.During the initial stage,growth stage,and mature stage,High-tech venture enterprises growths have different requirement to these elements,and should take specialization,differentiation,and diversification strategy.


Abstract: There are currently two groups of individuals in instructional technology research which are pursuing a research agenda aimed at making education scale to very large numbers of students and improve in effectiveness. These two groups are walking down diverging paths, the first toward driving humans out of the instructional loop, and the second toward adding more humans to the instructional loop. This chapter explores these research paths in more depth and proposes a manner in which they may be reconciled.


We previously presented a blind 2D RAKE receiver for CDMA that cancels strong multi-user access interference and optimally combines the desired user's multipath. After passing the output of each antenna through a matched filter based on the spreading waveform of the desired user, one estimates the signal plus interference space-frequency (space-time) correlation matrix during that portion of the bit interval where the fingers of the RAKE occur, and the interference alone space-frequency (space-time) correlation matrix during that portion of the bit interval away from the fingers. The vector of space-frequency (space-time) weights yielding the optimum signal to interference plus noise ratio for bit decisions is the "largest" generalized eigenvector of the resulting matrix pencil. A reduced complexity scheme was also previously presented based on a data adaptive transformation to a beamspace of dimension equal to the effective number of spatial degrees of freedom taken up by the desired user's multipath. A decision directed adaptation of this scheme for a commercial cellular CDMA system based on the IS-95 standard is presented herein. Only the uplink from mobile to base is considered.


The affinity of binding Al 3+ and Cu 2+ ions to non-sucrose compounds in sugar beet juice has been studied. The efficacy of ion binding was determined according to electrophoretic metod by measuring Zeta potential. Model solutions of pectin and protein preparations (0.1% w.) were treated with solutions of CuSO 4 and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 at seven different concentrations. The efficacy of Al 3+ and Cu 2+ ion binding was expressed as a minimal concetration of CuSO 4 and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 needed for charge neutralization i.e. reaching zero Zeta potential. For pectin preparation, concentrations of these salts were 82 mg/dm 3 CuSO 4 and 105 mg/dm 3 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . For protein preparation the concentrations were 115 mg/dm 3 CuSO 4 and 122 mg/dm 3 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . Identical experiments were performed with the addition of cationic polyelectrolyte at 3 mg/dm 3 . Concentrations of CuSO 4 and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 needed to change Zeta potential to zero decreased within interval from 7 to 20 mg/dm 3 . When the doses of tested ions were recalculated to industrial conditions, they were much lower in relation to consumption of Ca 2+ ions in form of CaO (1 – 3% w.) which is commonly used in rafination of sugar juice.


The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for monitoring an extracorporeal blood circuit I during an extracorporeal blood treatment with an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus. Moreover, the invention relates to an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus with a device for monitoring an extracorporeal blood circuit. The method and the apparatus according to the invention assume that the monitoring of the arterial and / or venous patient access to increase the redundancy in each of which the presence of at least one criterion is checked carried out with a first and a second process, which for a non- -ordnungsgemasen state of vascular access port is characteristic, with the criteria of the first and second methods are different. In the inventive method and the inventive device, the blood pump 9, which is preferably an occlusive blood pump is stopped after the detection of the presence of the at least one criterion of the first method, while the venous closure member 17 but still remains open. After stopping the blood pump 9, the presence of at least one criterion, with the second method is checked. The venous closure member 17 is only closed when present at least one criterion of the second method. Otherwise, the blood pump 9 is set in motion again to continue the blood treatment.


We illustrate the skull, the lower jaw, and especially the dentition of the highly specialized troglobitic salamander Eurycea rathbuni using cleared and stained specimens, scanning electron microscopy, and a few histological sections. Arrangement of the skeletal elements corresponds to earlier descriptions. Dentigerous bones are the fused premaxillae, the vomeres, the palatinal portions of the palatopterygoid in the upper jaw and palate, and the dentaries and coronoids in the lower jaw. Each bone bears a single row of teeth, which are especially numerous and small on the premaxillae and dentaries. Generally, teeth are monocuspid and most are recurved. The dividing zones are unrecognisable to slightly distinct, but do not reach the fully transformed state. Absence or only traces of pedicellation, monocuspidity and an enlarged base are typical for urodele teeth in a relative early stage of development.


Abstract This Account provides an overview of our group's research in the field of asymmetric organocatalytic transformations generating chiral isoindolinone cores. We describe the synthesis of 3-substituted 3-hydroxyisoindolinones as starting materials for these transformations, comprising a wide range of functional groups, as well as their use in asymmetric transformations. We also discuss our efforts in the application of the developed methodology in the synthesis of a known HIV-1 inhibitor. 1 Introduction 2 Synthesis of Isoindolinone Alcohols Comprising Functional Groups 3 Asymmetric Organocatalytic Transformations of Isoindolinone Alcohols 4 Conclusion


Aiming at the difficulty of the measurement of evapration duct profile above the surrface,a method of calculation of evaporation duct profile based on hydrometeorological varuables is proposed.And the inputs are hydrometeorological varuables of 6m above the surface and Paulus-Jesk(PJ)model is used in this method.Then this method is tested by the data collected from the measurement in some areas in China,and the testing result shows that this method is fit to get the evapration duct profile.


Intelligent lacking phase protector is to find the reason of lacking phase based on detection and analysis the power of the three-phase grid.This paper used the high-speed data processing capabilities and statistical algorithms direct calculation of each AC parameters,omitting the small signal rectifier circuit.Through the power measurement algorithm,imbalance,lacking phase state real-time monitoring system can be measured by the power grid.Using LPC2103 as the control core,with a triode amplifying output circuit to improve the output power of the system,small signal output control requirements for design of high power load is realized.


Introduction The problem of insect and microbial infestation of fine art is centuries old. Techniques to control it have included such things as herbal treatments, fire smoke, and, most recently, chemicals. All have provided some degree of effectiveness if not complete control of the pests. But too often the treatment, while meant to save the art, has created damage of its own. In an effort to eliminate the side effects of controlling insect or microbial attack on art objects, parallel research efforts in a number of laboratories worldwide, including ours, have focused on nonchemical means using oxygen-free environments. This approach has proven very successful for insect control and is currently the only method we use at the MMA to treat infested art objects. This approach does also seem to work for fungal control, although when used for this purpose it is much more time-consuming than when it is used to control insects.


Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and harms of periprostatic block compared with other interventions in patients with clinically suspected prostate cancer who underwent transrectal biopsy to diminish pain. Material and methods We included only clinical trials which involved male adults older than 18 years-old suspected of having prostate cancer. The intervention performed was a periprostatic block and the comparators were topical anesthetics, sedatives, placebo/no intervention or combined therapies. The primary outcome was perianal or perineal pain and serious adverse effects (SAE). Literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL and non-published literature from inception to March 2019. We performed a network meta-analysis in R. Results We included 43 studies in the meta-analysis. Thirteen studies compared periprostatic block vs. placebo/no intervention (the most frequent). Most of the studies had an unclear risk of bias for selection, performance and detection bias and low risk for attrition, reporting and other bias. Periprostatic block (lidocaine) + intrarectal gel (lidocaine + prilocaine) vs. periprostatic block (lidocaine) showed an RR -0.9 (95%CI – 1.9 to 0.074); intrarectal gel (lidocaine) vs. periprostatic block (lidocaine) had a RR 0.77 (95%CI 0.14 to 1.4); placebo/no intervention vs. periprostatic block (lidocaine) + intrarectal gel (lidocaine+prilocaine) RR 3 (95%CI 1.9 to 4); intrarectal gel (lidocaine) versus periprostatic block (lidocaine) + intrarectal gel (lidocaine + prilocaine) RR 1.7 (95%CI 0.64 to 2.7). Conclusions The blockage of the periprostatic plexus in the performance of a transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy, alone or in combination with intrarectal analgesia or sedation, is an effective method to reduce pain.


The present invention relates to a line wiring apparatus (1), in particular the power transmission chain, the wiring for the supply line (4) between the line wiring apparatus (1) can be moved relative to one another connection point, in particular the supply line is routed between the connection points on a member movable relative to one another machining device, wherein said line wiring apparatus (1) comprises a cladding support (2) having a changeable route, the internal support sheathing has at least one guide channel for the supply line (4). In addition, support is provided along the longitudinal direction of the cladding (2) on the supporting enclosure (2) (3) arranged for supplying a plurality of successive line (1) of the holding element (6), by means of the retaining element , at least one supply line (7) may be independently fixed (2) so as to guide an external support cladding.


The excavations by William Pengelly between 1865 and 1880 at Kent's Cavern, Torquay, were a well-known episode in British Quaternary bone-cave exploration. Enormous numbers of bones and artefacts were removed from the cave system during the course of these excavations, and many of the finds were lodged in the British Museum and the Torquay Natural History Society Museum. However, some material was dispersed to other UK museums, as mentioned by Tresise (1976) and Hancock et (1976). The exact basis of these dispersals seems poorly documented but Bolton acquired its material in 1903 (Acc.No. 72.03) from W.J. Else, then curator of the Torquay Natural History Society.


Harum Institution is a social institution that is engaged in elevating the dignity of marginalized communities in the city of Malang. The purpose of this service activity is to provide spiritual strengthening for families and foster parents who are members of the Harapan Ummat Malang institutional community.
The method of this activity is observation, interviews and about motivation and management of strengthening families and foster parents as well as interactive dialogue to provide solutions to family problems and successful parenting.
The results of this of this service activity provide spiritual services in the form of tausiah and enlightenment and motivation to strengthen families and foster parents at the Harapan ummat Institution. Provide material about future family management in facing challenges, moral decline and difficulties in the economic field, towards a successful family in the hereafter.


In March 1842 a group of seventeen canvases, reduced copies of the Vatican Stanze, were donated to the Royal Academy of Arts in London. This article publishes the copies for the first time, identifying them as the modelli made by leading Roman painters in the 1770s for Giovanni Volpato's engraved edition of Raphael's frescoes. This article considers the context of their execution, the reception of Raphael in the eighteenth century and the ultimate purpose of these copies in the collection of the Royal Academy.


Introduction : In recent years, ministry of health and medical education has approved a regulation for accepting top students for postgraduate courses without entrance exam that leads to many critiques and discussions. This article addressed students' and teacher's view about this regulation. Methods: This was a qualitative study at school of nursing and midwifery, Isfahan University of medical sciences. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. Undergraduate students in 7 th and 8 th semester (who were not eligible for acceptance without entrance exam), postgraduate students and faculty members were selected using purposeful sampling. Data saturation was achieved with 8 interviews. Results: 3 main themes and 11 subthemes were obtained. They were Justice (selecting only one outstanding student, inappropriate selection criteria, little differences and big outcome, ignoring differences between universities, deserve to be accepted); Ethical problems (destructive competition, bad communication with student who is accepted, negative attitude toward classmates); knowledge improvement (encouraging students in getting knowledge, optimized application of free higher education). Discussion: The most frequent mentioned theme was injustice. However, decision-making for accepting students should be according to the public justice and higher education goals, and it must lead to a perfect policy and decision-making. There is no a standard and obvious strategy for student selection in higher education institutes, and it is hoped to consider the best strategy.


Xi'an is located in the joint of the Middle and Western economic regions of China and serves as the hub of communications between northwest provinces and the central plains and eastern China. As the birthplace of Chinese national civilization, Xi'an had been the capital of thirteen ancient dynasties in over 1100 years and therefore became the top among the six ancient capitals in China as well as a world-famous city of historical culture. Having completed the 15th project, Xi'an moves onto the 11th five-year plan which brings about unprecedented favorable opportunities to rapidly develop in the 21st Century. Twenty years' reforms result in the great improvement of economy and competitive power as well as the great change of inhabitants' ideas. With the development of the Western regions of China, We have to scientifically re-orientate Xi'an from an all-around development view.


Abstract Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush were angled through the ice in shallow water (2–7 m) with live minnows on still lines and held for 48 h to observe short-term hooking mortality. Air temperature varied from –14 to –8°C while angling took place. Five of 50 lake trout (10%) died within 48 h of capture. All fish that died were hooked deep in critical areas (gills, deep mouth, and stomach) and showed signs of bleeding. Three of four fish hooked in the gills died. Of the 23 fish hooked superficially in the mouth, none died.


The determination of seismic hazard oriented to seismic risk management in urban areas requires an investigation over the possibility of resonance in the dynamic behaviour of buildings and soils against natural earthquakes. Recently, two earthquakes hit the Lorca town (SE Spain) with the result of severe buildings damages. At the present, several research teams are acting in the Lorca town to determine relationships between seismic-tectonics, geology, building structure typology, etc. to the building damage degree which took place. Among the different studies which are being carried out the Spatial Autocorrelation method (SPAC) and the Multichannel Analysis Surface Waves method (MASW) are having a predominant role. In fact, it has been found that the main damage areas are on material (unconsolidated sedimentary filling) with very low average shear-wave velocity in the first 30 m depth (Vs30), as low as 180 m/s. On the other hand, medium hard rock (conglomerates, marls, gypsum and sandstones) had Vs30 from 660 to 800 m/s where building damages were not significant.


A classical nonlinear shell membrane system has recently been demonstrated to have underlying integrable structure. Here, a wide class of corresponding parallel membranes is shown to be generated via a Schrodinger equation of Lame type. This class is characterized by the existence of a multiplicity of stress distributions for a given membrane geometry. A variety of viable membrane geometries such as generalized Dupin cyclides are constructed explicitly together with the associated one-parameter families of stress resultants. A Lax pair which encapsulates both the Gauss-Mainardi-Codazzi and constrained equilibrium equations is also recorded.


(76) Inventor: William N. Carr, Montclair, NJ (US) 7,348,875 B2 3/2008 Hughes et al. 2005/0248438 A1* 1 1/2005 Hughes et al. ............... 340,104 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this * cited b patent is extended or adjusted under 35 cited by examiner U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Primary Examiner — Jeffery Hofsass (21) Appl. No.: 13/528,615 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Kaplan Breyer Schwarz & Ottesen, LLP (22) Filed: Jun. 20, 2012 (57) ABSTRACT (65) Prior Publication Data A system for monitoring parameters associated with a device, US 2012/O256733 A1 Oct. 11, 2012 Such as current, Voltage, power, temperature, energy con s sumed, moisture, fluid levels and flow, wind speed, identifi Related U.S. Application Data cation parameters, and repair history. The system includes the (62) Division of application No. 12/459,585, filed on Jul. 2, use of hybrid RFID sensor tags including a combination of 2009, now abandoned. active, semi-passive, and passive RFID circuits. Hybrid tags are attached to electrical system components. Standalone (60) Provisional application No. 61/209,897, filed on Mar. electrical components and generators and those connected to 13, 2009. the electrical grid may be monitored. Data collected and stored in the hybrid tags may be accessed via a wireless (51) Int. Cl. communication link between hybrid tags and either active GSB 2L/00 (2006.01) scanners or a passive interrogators. The data collected and (52) U.S. Cl. processed from the hybrid tags may be provided to a user via USPC ..................... 340/572.1; 340/10.1; 340/539.3 the Internet or another wired or wireless communication net (58) Field of Classification Search ... 34.0/539.1–539.3 work. 340/572.1572.8, 10.1 See application file for complete search history.


In the natural environment,there are various kinds of microboes,which play a key role in the bio-geochemical process of heavy metals.Recent studies have been focused on the absorption and transformation of heavy metals by bacteria and fungi.The results show that bacteria adsorbed the heavy metals mainly via biosorption,oxido-reduction,bioleaching and other synergisms,and fungi mainly via absorption and complexation with metallothionein.In addition,mycorrhiza fungi can also help the plants to biosorp heavy metals through metabolism.


Arctic is a 4x4 packet routing chip being developed for the *T multiprocessor. Arctic can be used to implement a variety of staged networks and will be used to implement a fat tree network for *T. Arctic meets the requirements of *T and of a wide class of systems. This paper discusses the key features of Arctic. These include its buffering scheme which enables very high utilization of network links and its test and control system which provides error detection, limited error handling, and in-circuit testability.


We study the existence of positive and monotone solution to the boundary value problem , , , , where . The main tool is the fixed point theorem of cone expansion and compression of functional type by Avery, Henderson, and O'Regan. Finally, four examples are provided to demonstrate the availability of our main results.


Ultrahot Jupiters represent an exciting avenue for testing extreme physics and observing atmospheric circulation regimes not found in our solar system. Their high temperatures result in thermally ionized particles embedded in atmospheric winds interacting with the planet's interior magnetic field by generating current and experiencing bulk Lorentz force drag. Previous treatments of magnetic drag in 3D general circulation models (GCMs) of ultrahot Jupiters have mostly been uniform drag timescales applied evenly throughout the planet, which neglects the strong spatial dependence of these magnetic effects. In this work, we apply our locally calculated active magnetic drag treatment in a GCM of the planet WASP-76b. We find the effects of this treatment to be most pronounced in the planet's upper atmosphere, where strong differences between the day and night side circulation are present. These circulation effects alter the resulting phase curves by reducing the hot spot offset and increasing the day–night flux contrast. We compare our models to Spitzer phase curves, which imply a magnetic field of at least 3 G for the planet. We additionally contrast our results to uniform drag timescale models. This work highlights the need for more careful treatment of magnetic effects in atmospheric models of hot gas giants.


external agents, lung involvement in non-pulmonary conditions, or miscellaneous diseases of the lung/respiratory system. Study measures were assessed over four time periods: 0–12 months preand post-index, 13–24 months post-index, and 25+ months postindex. Costs of IPF, pulmonary disease (ICD-9-CM 480–519), and all healthcare services were estimated by category of resource use. RESULTS: A total of 896 met all patient selection criteria. They had a mean (SD) age of 48.1 (22.2) years, about 60% were female, and about 44% were white. Approximately 14% of patients died within 12 months of their index date Mean monthly costs of IPF-related care varied from $148–$314 depending on the follow-up period. Mean monthly costs of all patient care were more than $4000 higher among IPF versus non-IPF patients in Florida Medicaid ($4360 vs. $315). CONCLUSIONS: Per-patient costs of IPF appear to be considerable in this population.


In recent years, the hair building fiber has become popular, in other words, it is an effective method which helps people who suffer hair loss or sparse hair since the hair building fiber is capable to create a natural look of simulated hair rapidly. In the markets, there are a lot of hair fiber brands that have been designed to formulate an intense bond with hair strands and make the hair appear more voluminous instantly. However, those products have their own set of properties. Thus, in this report, some measurement techniques are proposed to identify those products. Up to five different brands of hair fiber are tested. The electrostatic and dielectric properties of the hair fibers are macroscopically tested using design DC and high frequency microwave techniques. Besides, the hair fibers are microscopically analysis by magnifying the structures of the fiber using scanning electron microscope (SEM). From the SEM photos, the comparison of the uniformly shaped and broken rate of the hair fibers in the different bulk samples can be observed respectively. Keywords—Hair fiber, electrostatic, dielectric properties, broken rate, microwave techniques.


In view of the developing direction of recent product and market of polypropylene,the typical production process,technological route and the character of equipment at abroad was discussed.To adjust the petroleum and chemical industry structure of Shaanxi North section,to advance the cross relationship of economic kinds and to fast build the polypropylene plant,some suggestions are given.


Abstract A series of thiacalix[4]monocrowns in 1,3-alternate conformation containing thioalkyl fragments was synthesized by the reaction of corresponding distal thiacalix[4]arene derivatives with oligoethylene glycols using a Mitsunobu protocol. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to prepare an inclusion complex of the insecticide emamectin benzoate (EB) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) by co-evaporation and spray drying methods. The complexation of both compounds was evaluated on the aqueous and solid state using phase solubility diagrams, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aqueous solubility of the inclusion complexes at pH 8 had a 2-fold increase respect to the drug alone and dissolution profiles showed a rise in the dissolution rate. These results suggest that the use of HP-β-CD could be an interesting alternative to enhance the bioavailability of EB in salmons.Key Words: Emamectin benzoate, cyclodextrin, inclusion complex, salmon. e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 1.- INTRODUCTION Emamectin benzoate, (4′'R)-4″-deoxy-4″-(methylamino)avermectin b1 benzoate, is one of the most widely used compounds in the salmon industry. Chemically, is a semisynthetic derivative of avermectins (Figure 1), which shows insecticide properties against the sea lice (


This paper analyzes the effect of family composition, and in particular the number of children, the age gap between the oldest and youngest child and the age of the youngest child, on parents' involvement in social networks. The predictions of a simple theoretical model are confirmed by an empirical analysis of Israeli Social Survey data for 2002-2006. The number of children has a U -shaped effect on parents' involvement in social networks, with substantial differences between fathers and mothers. The negative effect is dominant on the mothers' involvement in social networks, while the positive effect is dominant on the father's involvement in social networks. The age gap between children has a positive effect on both parents' involvement in social networks, while the age of the youngest child has a positive effect on the father's involvement in social networks. These results imply that social network considerations might be important for fertility decisions.


According to the monitoring data of annual runoff in the mainstream of Tarim River from 1957 to 2008,the time series variation tendency of annual runoff in the mainstream is analyzed by using linear regression method,and then the connectivity between annual runoff and human social economic activities driving factors is made a thorough inquiry by means of correlation analysis and principal component.The study results are concluded as follows: In recent more than 50 years,the decreasing tendency of annual runoff in the mainstream of Tarim River is prominent,having the uniformity with the inflow volume change tendency of the mainstream.The human activities have been affecting obviously annual runoff since about 1975.At the same time the correlation analysis on annual runoff and human economic activities driving factors indicates that the factors,such as effective irrigated area,agricultural population,cultivated land area and the proportion of primary industry,have been farthest affecting annual runoff.So the agricultural economic activities have been the most important factors to influence the annual runoff change,among them the agricultural bringing in water and irrigation is the most direct factor to interfere with the water resources.The degree of human activities impacting on annual runoff change displays gradually enhanced tendency from the top to bottom along the river course of the mainstream of Tarim River.


This paper discusses the design and performance evaluation of an evacuated tube solar cooker with sensible heat storage to aid continuous cooking during interruption by the cloud. Besides, the experimental setup validates the theoretical value. The process of cooking, water boiling requires heat at a minimum of 100◦C, and it is possible to attain higher temperatures in a shorter time if we use the HT (Heat Transfer) fluid of lower specific heat value. Ethylene glycol, a commercially available HT fluid with a specific heat of approximately 2.5 kJkg−1K−1 is used as HT fluid cum sensible heat storage medium in the experimental setup. The lower specific heat value of ethylene glycol helps in achieving a higher temperature in lesser time. On a sunny day HT fluid attained the maximum temperature of 106◦C. This setup took 1 to 1.5 hours to cook 0.5 kg of raw rice whereas conventional box type cooker takes 2.5 to 3 hours to cook the same amount of rice.


Objective To examine the association between protein kinase Bet gene first,second and forth intron polymorphism and citalopram antidepressant clinical efficacy and side effects.Methods The subjects comprised 104 patients according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)criteria for major depressive disorder.The clinical efficacy and side effects were assessed on 1 week,2 weeks,4 weeks after eitalopram treatment.PCR and DNA sequencing analysis were used to detect the genotype of PKB.SPSS13.0 statistic software was used to statistic analysis.Results ①An association was found between PKBα rs2494738 and citalopram antidepressant effect(alleles:OR=0.139,P=0.011);and the major depressive disorders patient carrying G alleles showed the better effect of citalopram treatment than individual carrying A allele.②A weak association was revealed between the genotype of rs2494738 and adverse dry mouth(X~2=6.730,P=0.035).Conclusion The PKBα rs2494738 polymorphism may associate with citalopram antidepressant efficacy and side effects.

Key words:
Major depressive disorders; Protein kinase Bα; Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); Citalopram


We investigate morphology effects on the electrical conductivity on thin semiconducting and metallic films grown in a quasi-layer-by-layer growth mode within the framework of quantum-mechanical electron transport theory. The film growth mode is described by a nonequilibrium Sine–Gordon model that incorporates evaporation/recondensation, surface diffusion, and lattice pinning effects. For semiconducting films, pinning effects manifest themselves as oscillations superimposed on a smoothly increasing conductivity with growth time. For metallic films, quantum size effect oscillations are strongly convoluted with pinning induced oscillations, which dominate the conductivity variations at later stages of growth.


Two hundred and fifty three turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) accessions were screened against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and identified seven nematode resistant accessions (Accs. 35, 48, 79, 130, 142, 146 and 200). These genotypes along with a susceptible accession (Acc. 376) and a released variety, IISR Prathibha were evaluated during 2008-2012 to assess the yield performance under Kerala conditions. The results indicated that in terms of yield, one resistant accession (Acc. 79) and moderately resistant accession (Acc. 48), performed significantly higher compared to the released variety IISR Prathibha. The pooled yield over three consecutive years varied from 10.56 kg/3m2 (Acc. 130) to 14.52 kg/3m2 (Acc. 48). Among the genotypes, Acc. 48 and Acc. 79 performed consistently with higher yield in all the three years. Maximum yield over three years pooled data was recorded in Acc. 48 (31.94 tonnes/ha) followed by Acc. 79 (31.79 tonnes/ha) over three years pooled data. The stability parameters of Acc. 48 and Acc. 79 showed good stability for yield and it indicates general adaptability of these two genotypes over years.


Our new report describes the findings of a survey conducted by the Justice and Security Research Programme (JSRP) in Western Equatoria State, South Sudan, in 2013. The survey is based on a representative sample of 433 individuals in the Ezo County and the two southern-most payams of Tambura County.


A method for manufacturing a rocket engine-distribution device which is provided on at least an inner surface with a copper alloy layer, 1.0 in which a coating material containing a copper material is applied to a a manifold made of stainless steel for the rocket engine substrate having, comprising the steps of: 1.1 providing metal powder 1.1.1 having a size in the range of a size that is sufficient to avoid Abgelenktwerden from the substrate due to a bending shock layer, 1.1.2 up to 50 microns, and 1.2 forming a plating layer on at least one surface of the substrate, 1.2.0 such that the bearing layer forms the copper alloy layer on the inner surface of the distribution device, 1.2.1 by passing the metal powder through a spray nozzle 1.2.2 with a main gas flow 1.2.3 at a speed that is sufficient to deform the metal powder particles at the surface of at least one plastically 1.2.4 wherein the particles of the nozzle using a ...


In this paper, we present three typical nonlinear control strategies for voltage source FACTS devices. The most basic device of this kind is STATCOM (STATatic COMpensators), which is powerful in providing voltage support and improving power system stability. The nonlinear control strategies discussed in the paper include the input-output linearization based on differential geometry and differential algebra as well as passivity approach. We discuss and compare these control methods from the perspectives of their dynamic performance for local voltage support, impacts on overall power system and implementation


We derive entropic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering inequalities from entropic uncertainty relations. This allows us to formulate inequalities that test for EPR steering correlations which are symmetric between parties, or occur across multiple degrees of freedom.


As peer to peer systems work in open environment, they are highly susceptible to malicious activities. Formation of trust relations between the peers help to minimize the impact of such attacks. This paper proposes a collaborative trust based model that works on reputation and recommendations metrics to increase trustworthiness amongst the peers for reliable services. Under this model, evaluator contacts to multiple witnesses in order to get feedbacks of a particular peer's performance and builds collaborative trust factor. Based on this trust factor the peer to peer systems become more reliable and robust.


Objective To investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of ten day hospitalized cardiac rehabilitation program on patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) without complications.Methods Fifty-one patients with AMI were randomized into rehabilitation group who received ten-day rehabilitation program and control group who only received the two-week rehabilitation program.Patients received Ultrasonic Cardiogram,24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram(Holter) and psychosis valuing by Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA) before leaving hospital.Results There were no incidence of death and reinfarction in two groups.No significant differences were found among the two groups in terms of cardiac structure and function,HRV and HAMA.But Ten-day hospitalized cardiac rehabilitation program could shorten the days of hospitalization.Conclusions Ten-day hospitalized cardiac rehabilitation program does not increase the hospital mortality and the incidence rate of reinfarction,also does not affect cardiac structure and function,myocardial electrical stability.But it apparently shortens the days of hospitalization.Ten-day hospitalized cardiac rehabilitation program is safe and feasible.


Fractal image compression is a bloc based image compression , detecting and coding the existing similarities between different regions in the image. It allows interesting compression ratios; however it presents the disadvantage of the long compression time, whereas the decompression is fast. The time consuming part of the encoding step is the search for an appropriate domain for each range .Most of time required in the fractal compression is spent in the matching of a large number of blocks in the image [16, 17]. To speed up the fractal coding time, several methods have been devised to accelerate the search and reduce the encoding complexity, such as the Fisher classification method. Other methods consist in using Artificial Intelligence techniques such as Genetic Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks. In this paper the method of artificial neural networks is used to speed up the fractal compression phase. Self Organizing Map (SOM) neuron networks were used. KeywordsFractal compression, inverse problem, neural networks, Kohonen neural networks.


Present article is devoted questions of reforming of the bodies which are carrying out preliminary investigation of crimes in the form of a consequence in connection with last changes of the criminally-remedial legislation. The conclusion about possible liquidation of bodies of preliminary investigation in executive powers of the power of Russia and a delegation of power on investigation most grave crimes in Investigatory committee of the Russian Federation becomes.


The two most common techniques available for diagnosis of malaria in Nigeria are microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). However, in diagnosing asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitaemia among donors, the preferred technique should not only be timely but must not compromise diagnosis. It should be more sensitive with minimal chances of false negative results. This study was carried out to compare microscopy and RDTs as effective tools for diagnosis of Plasmodium parasitaemia among blood donors in Port Harcourt. There were 200 donors involved in the study among which 135 (67.5%) tested positive and 65 (32.5%) tested negative on microscopy whereas 30 (15.0%) tested positive and 170 (85.0%) tested negative to RDT with a statistically significant difference between both techniques. Data were analysed using the statistical package epi-info version 7.02. We therefore recommend that microscopy using giemsa-stained blood films remain the method of choice for diagnosis of Plasmodium parasitaemia among blood donors to prevent the spread of transfusion malaria.


The paper describes the scleral diagnostic system implementation for human eyes by using the scleral color code and vessels sign pattern code generations. The system is based on the high performance DSP image signal processor, programmable gain control for preprocessing and RISC SD frames storage. RGB image signals are optimized by PGC, the edge image is detected form the gray image converted. The processing algorithms are executed by scleral color code generation and scleral vessels sign pattern code creation for discriminating and matching. The scleral symptomatic color code is generated by YCbCr values at memory map tolerated and the vessel sign pattern code is created by digitizing the 24 clock and 13 ring zones, overlay matching and tolerances. The experimental results for performance are that the system runs 40ms, and the color and pattern for diagnostic errors are around 20% and 24% on average. The system and technique enable a scleral diagnosis with subdividing the patterns and patient database.


Embedded and Real-Time (ERTS) systems have continued to expand at a vigorous rate. Designers of ERTS systems are continually challenged to provide new capabilities that can meet the expanding requirements and increased computational needs of each new proposed application, but at a decreasing price/performance ratio. Conventional solutions using general purpose processors or custom ASICs are less and less able to satisfy the contradictory requirements in performance, flexibility, power, development time, and cost. This chapter introduces the concept of generating semi-custom platforms driven from a traditional multithreaded programming model. This approach offers the advantage of achieving productivity levels close to those associated with software by using an established programming model but with a performance level close to custom hardware through the use of a flexible hardware platform capable of adapting to specialized application requirements. We discuss the underlying concepts, requirements and advantages of multithreading in the context of reconfigurable hardware, and present two approaches which provide multithreading support to hardware and software components at the operating system level.


In modern era the trend of 3D movies and 3D projection took a very intensive attention.Stereoscopic 3D images are elementarily obtained by overlapping left and right eye images in different color planes of a single image for successive viewing through colored glasses.Here we present a novel FPGA based reconfigurable architecture for 3D image color space conversion RGB to YCbCr using Xilinx System Generator (XSG) for MATLAB.The CSC design is implemented which is realized using the Xilinx Block Sets presented in Simulink. Keywords-CSC, FPGA, XSG, Simulink, MATLAB


On 28 January 2016, Spain's National Authority for Markets and Competition (CNMC) adopted a decision ordering the Professional Football League (LFP) to give a 90-seconds short news summary of every game to every television station and allow free access to stadiums to broadcasters. However, the channels could only show the summary twice in a 24 hour period.


Objective To introduce a new management for ulcerative colitis. Methods There were eighteen patients underwent inferior mesenteric artery drug infusion who suffered from ulcerative colitis and cannot be cured by internal medicine. We observed the clinical symptoms and laboratory test results at the most resent follow up. Results All the patients'symptoms such as bellyache ,phrexia, abdominal distension were disappeared after interventional therapy. Diarrhea in seventeen patients was stopped. Fifteen patients who had blood stool were be cured. Erythrocyte and leucocyte were no longer be seen with stool laboratory test after drug infusion.Conclusion Inferior mesenteric artery drug infusion is another positively efficacy way for ulcerative colitis.


The antenna subsystem of the multi-mode microwave remote sensor of the SHENZHOU spacecraft is a breakthrough of aerospace antenna technology of China. This paper presents the operating mode, design know-how and system confirmation of the antenna. The detailed performance of the antenna is also given.


Networking technologies use several addressing/ identifification schemata (MAC addresses, IP addresses, DNS names, SIP URIs and E.164 numbers, GSM BTS identifications), efficient and reliable translations among them influence networking service. Older translation schemata are using tables and their hierarchies formed statically and dynamically (e.g. ARP, DNS, ENUM). Schemata for recent networking services (e.g. SIP which provides SIP URLs to IP addresses translation) are proposed on the basis of Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs).
 Our paper describes an alternative approach to address translations based on DHT usage. Identification record is formed of all identifcations that the network device has, and all these identifications are used to create keys for storing the record to a DHT. As a result, the record is stored in more copies and each copy provides access to others, allowing us to create efficient update and recovery mechanisms. Storing collections of network identifications has some advantages: straightforward implementation of all possible translations at the same time (provides a way to location services which are unavailable in current systems), and fault-tolerance to DHT's node and network failures due to inherent replication of identification records.


The paper presents basic concepts of a new type of algorithm for the numerical computation of what the authors call the essential dynamics of molecular systems. Mathematically speaking, such systems are described by Hamiltonian diierential equations. In the bulk of applications, individual trajectories are of no speciic interest. Rather, time averages of physical observables or relaxation times of conformational changes need to be actually computed. In the language of dynami-cal systems, such information is contained in the natural invariant measure (innnite relaxation time) or in almost invariant sets ("large" nite relaxation times). The paper suggests the direct computation of these objects via eigenmodes of the associated Frobenius-Perron operator by means of a multilevel subdivision algorithm. The advocated approach is diierent from both Monte-Carlo techniques on the one hand and long term trajectory simulation on the other hand: in our setup long term trajectories are replaced by short term sub-trajectories, Monte-Carlo techniques are connected via the underlying Frobenius-Perron structure. Numerical experiments with the suggested algorithm are included to illustrate certain distinguishing properties .