On the basis of the concept of housing industrialization, the object direction and way of developing housing industrialization in China are explained The content, procedure and methods during the course of preparation and implement of developing housing industrialization are interpreted The multivariate development strategy is put forward that comprehensive housing construction technology should be applied and the different level of integration in housing industrialization should be combined


The thinking contained in the Xiang (the multitudinous figures of the eight trigrams) and shu (the numbers of Yin and Yang, Odds and Evens) in the Book of Changes is a shift from xiang to logical thinking and relies on symbols and numbers for the understanding, inference and prediction of things and their changes and development. Image thinking and logical changes are always combined in examining the process of the change of things and the law governing it. There exist such contradictions in the xiang and shu thinking as the orderly and disorderly adoption of xiang.


An improved approach to automatic sketching of planar kinematic chain from its adjacent matrix is proposed in this paper. The basic loops of the graph, which correspond to the adjacent matrix of kinematic chain, are derived by means of breadth-first spanning tree, then these loops are standardized and configured according to some steps. Finally, the graph of kinematic chain is automatically sketched in terms of the configured loops. In addition, the comparison between the proposed approach and existing ones is made. Through some application examples, its effectiveness as well as completeness is verified, the corresponding computer prototype system is also implemented.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


The influence of n-butyl group position upon the fragmentation behavior of the three isomeric n-butylcyclohexanones was studied. The different fragmentation processes are described and have been applied to the differentiation of the positional isomers of long-chain n-alkylcyclohexanones. In the case of the 4-n-alkyl isomers, an interesting mechanism involving a recyclization is proposed and substantiated by deuterium labelling.


A field experiment was carried during rainy season of 2007 at Faizabad to assess the effect of planting distance and pinching on growth and flowering behaviour of African marigold (Tagetes erecta Linn) cv. 'Pusa Narangi '. Six treatment combinations comprising of two spacing (50 cm x 40 cm and 50 cm x 50 cm) and three pinching (30, 40 and 50 days after planting) were assigned in factorial randomized block design with four replications. Maximum plant height and secondary branches plant−1 increased at closer spacing of 50 cm x 40 cm; however, spread and diameter of plant, primary branches plant−1 increases in wider spacing (50 cm x 50 cm). Opening of first flower was delayed in closer spacing, whereas duration of flowering and yield of flower increased with wider spacing. Later pinching has reduced plant height, plant spread, and yield of flower ha−1. Interaction between spacing and pinching were significant for number of secondary branches plant-1, duration of flowering and flower yield. Flower yield (250 q ha−1) was maximized significantly when marigold was planted at closer spacing of 50 cm x 40 cm along with pinching at 40 DAP.


Compounds previously known as nitraminopyridines and 2-nitraminothiazoles are formulated as nitrimino-(1H)pyridinium and 2-nitrimino-(3H)thiazolium inner salts on the basis of the infrared study. In the solid state, the three isomer nitriminopyridines do not exhibit any infrared absorption of the —NH group in the region 3400–3200 cm.−1 but show a wide band at lower frequencies in the region 2880–2550 cm−1. 2-Nitriminothiazole shows only a wide band between 3140 and 2270 cm.−1. These shifts of absorption bands can be correlated with structures derived from the classical nitrimino tautomeric forms in which the resonance effect stabilizes (1H)pyridinium and (3H)thiazolium cations, and a nitrimino group carrying a negative charge. n-Butylnitramine, a non-resonating compound, absorbs strongly at 3300 cm.−1, indicating that nitramino groups are not associated.


An adaptive passivity based control scheme is proposed for the stabilization of average model of extended-period quasi-resonant (EPQRC) power converter. The output load of the converter is assumed constant but unknown. A generalized state space average model of a buck-type series-mode extended-period quasi-resonant converter (SM-EPQRC) is derived. The adaptive controller is designed based on the derived model and the passivity-based control (PBC) technique. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the features of the proposed controller.


When we use video chat, video game, or other video applications, motion-blurred hands often appear. Accurately extracting these hands is very useful for video editing and behavior analysis. However, existing motion-blurred object extraction methods either need user interactions, such as user supplied trimaps and scribbles, or need additional information, such as background images. In this letter, a novel method which can automatically extract the semi-transparent motion-blurred hand just according to the original RGB image is proposed. The proposed method separates the extraction task into two subtasks: alpha matte prediction and foreground prediction. These two subtasks are implemented by Xception based encoder-decoder networks. The images of extracted motion-blurred hands are calculated by multiplying the predicted alpha mattes and foreground images. Experiments on synthetic and real datasets show that the proposed method has promising performance.


Previous de nitions of designated con rmer signatures in the literature are incomplete, and the proposed security de nitions fail to capture key security properties, such as unforgeability against malicious con rmers and non-transferability. We propose new de nitions. Previous schemes rely on the random oracle model or set-up assumptions, or are secure with respect to relaxed security de nitions. We construct a practical scheme that is provably secure with respect to our security definition under the strong RSA-assumption, the decision composite residuosity assumption, and the decision Di e-Hellman assumption. To achieve our results we introduce several new relaxations of standard notions. We expect these techniques to be useful in the construction and analysis of other e cient cryptographic schemes.


This study was performed both to explore the host of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) between mariculturing fish species and to examine the phylogenic position of the NNV in Korea. NNV was confirmed on the basis of histopathological and molecular biological examination, then VNN infection was Preyed from either moribund or dead fishes including red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus; oblong rock fish, Sebastes oblongus and flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. As a result of sequencing for a part of ms, virus from red drum was showed , , and homology with oblong rock fish, grouper, Japanese flounder and striped jack, respectively. On the other hand, NNV from oblong rock fish was demonstrated , and homology with grouper, Japanese flounder and striped jack, respectively. NNV from red drum and oblong rock fish was exhibited phylogenically distant from the representative NNV, SJNNV originated from striped jack. On the contrary, the viruses appeared to be similar species with Taiwan NNV isolated from culturing grouper.


Background: Hypothyroidism is the most abundant thyroid disorder worldwide. For decades, levothyroxine was the main effective pharmacological treatment for hypothyroidism. A variety of factors can influence levothyroxine dose, such as genetic variations. Studying the impact of genetic polymorphisms on the administration of medications was risen remarkably. Different genetic variations were investigated that might affect levothyroxine dose requirements, especially the deiodinase enzymes.  Deiodinase type 2 genetic polymorphisms' impact on levothyroxine dose was studied in different populations.
Objective: To examine the association of the two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)s of deiodinase type 2 (rs225013 and rs225014) and levothyroxine dose requirements.
Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Baghdad Center for Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy located in Baghdad/ Iraq, from March to June 2022. Based on levothyroxine dose, the enrolled patients were divided into two groups: low dose group < 1.7 µg/kg/day and high dose group ≥ 1.7 µg/kg. Then genotyping analysis was done for both groups of the study.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 40.35 ± 9.5 years with a mean body mass index of 30.61 ± 5.72 kg/m2. The mean levothyroxine doses in the low- and high-dose groups were 81.67 ± 30.74 µg/day and 161.67 ± 35.19 µg/day, respectively. Significant differences existed in the levels of TSH and TT4 between the study's groups.
Conclusion: This study indicated that the differences in levothyroxine dose, TSH, TT4 and TT3 levels were not associated with the DIO2 rs225013. Similarly, the differences in TSH, TT3 and TT4 levels revealed a non-significant association with DIO2 rs225014 except for levothyroxine dose which was higher in the patients who carried the wild type allele (TT).


The biaryl coupling reaction of benzyl benzoate derivatives (3) and (4) was examined with copper(0) reagent. A dimerized product (9) was mainly obtained whereas the desired intramolecularly coupled product (11) was not detected when 3 was employed as the substrate. On the other hand, the reaction of 4 afforded a small amount of the desired lactone (14) although the main product was the dimerized 12.


We propose a simulation-optimization-based methodology to improve the way that organ transplant offers are made to potential recipients. Our policy can be applied to all types of organs, is implemented starting at the local level, is flexible with respect to simultaneous offers of an organ to multiple patients, and takes into account the quality of the organs under consideration. We describe in detail our simulation-optimization procedure and how it uses data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients to inform the decision-making process. In particular, the optimal batch size of offers is determined as a function of location and certain organ attributes. We present results using our liver and kidney models, where we show that, under our policy recommendations, more organs are utilized and the required times to allocate the organs are reduced over the one-at-a-time offer policy currently in place.


To enhance the low‐temperature toughness of polypropylene/low density polyethylene (PP/LDPE) blend, which is a crucial blend for polyolefin material with wide applications in frigid regions, the PP/LDPE blend foam with stretched cells is fabricated via a facile injection foaming together with open‐mold stretching process. During the open‐mold stretching, the relatively miscible PP and LDPE chains are debonded, and then the stretched and oriented cells structure with lots of tiny interphase cavities between the PP and LDPE phases and the fine lamellae are formed in the foam system. Such interphase cavities provide an adequate movement space for the frozen PP and LDPE chains and lamellae, and effectively relaxed and transferred stress, which greatly promote the uniform compressive behavior accompanied by the completely compacted cells at −25 °C. Moreover, the compressive fracture surface changes from relatively flat and smooth for the stretched PP foam to obvious yield folds and deformation for the stretched blend foam, and the compressive strain of stretched PP/LDPE blend foam is highly enhanced by a roughly 31%, 53%, and 44% increase than that of PP, PP/LDPE, and stretched PP foam samples, respectively, achieving the low‐temperature brittle–ductile transition for PP.


This paper presents a graphical technique for detecting influential cases in regression analysis. The idea is to decompose a diagnostic problem involving higher order dimensional regression problems, into a series of two-dimensional diagnostic sub-problems, such that the diagnoses of influential cases is undertaken by visually inspecting two-dimensional diagnostic plots of these sub-problems. An algorithm for the graphical procedure is proposed to reduce the computational effort. Practical examples are used to illustrate this graphical technique.


The importance of processing industries in agricultural sectors for generating benefit, reducing crop losses, creating job opportunities, providing food security and producing healthy food is obvious, and it was considered as a main key for agriculture development. However, locating the agricultural processing industries with costs in inventory management, safety storage, transportation, and distribution is an important issue. The objective of this study is to prioritize the cities located in Khorasan-Razavi Province in terms of the possibility of establishing the agricultural processing industries. Therefore, the criteria "availability of raw materials in the agricultural sector" is used as a criterion to assess the cities within Khorasan-Razavi Province. The Entropy Technique is used to calculate the weights of criteria and Vikor technique is used to rank the cities. Results obtained by Entropy technique indicates that criterion "production of vegetables" is an importance factor in establishment of processing industries in selected cities. In the next step, using the weights and data for the performance of cities in selected criteria also using the Vikor technique, we rank cities in terms of the possibility of establishing the agricultural processing industries. The results obtained in this step indicate that Mashhad, Neishabur and Torbatejam have a better condition to establish the industry.


This article looks at how advanced traffic management systems can be used to help manage traffic demand and reduce the impact of traffic on the environment. It notes that urban traffic control systems can be employed as a source of real-time data which can then be integrated with air quality models to provide both current emissions information as well as forecast of pollution problems. Advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) can be used to provide real-time information on the location of pollution problems and give advice to drivers on alternate routes. Advanced vehicle control systems (AVCS) could be used to induce speed control, thus minimizing pollutant emissions. The article also mentions implementing road pricing and low emissions zones as policy measures which focus on imaging traffic demand during peak periods.


A layerwise, mixed, 18-node finite-element (FE) model has been developed to analyze laminated composite plates by using the minimum potential energy principle. Continuity of transverse stresses and displacement fields has been enforced through the thickness direction, Z, of a laminated plate by considering six degrees-of-freedom (three displacement components in the coordinate axes directions and three transverse stress components xz , yz , σ z ) per node. Because the transverse stress components have been invoked as nodal degrees of freedom by using the fundamental elasticity relationship between the components of stress and displacement, the model has an added feature of maintaining the fundamental elasticity relation among the stress, strain, and displacement fields throughout the elastic continuum, which has not been observed in various mixed formulations available in the literature. Results obtained by using the present FE model have shown excellent agreement with the available elasticity solutions for thin and thick composite laminates as well as sandwich plates.


Combined with the current situation in Guangxi private shipbuilding industry,the article analyzes the main problems exist and explains the technology advantage in this industry.The three-way countermeasure is used to promote the healthy development of ship building industry and service private ship industry.


The stock market or also called capital market. It is an economic space where bidders and sellers of securities meet, and serves to attract financial resources through the buying and selling of financial instruments in order to finance working capital directly channeling financial resources toward the development of productive activities, and reduced costs.

To this effect the stock market uses debt securities, denominated securities, which represent an obligation to be fulfilled.
The securities are identified by various names, including the most common is the title of credit, but are often use names such as circulatory securities, commercial paper, negotiable documents, etc. However, they consist of an obligation that must be fulfilled at a certain time, and meanwhile is susceptible to negotiation.
Article 233 of the Law on Securities Market states: that: "The values that section 2 of this Act refers to, have the character of titles value therefore incorporate a literal and autonomous right is exercised by its holder legitimized by law, they are enforceable for the purposes specified in Article 413 of the Code of Civil Procedure. It is presumed, unless proven otherwise, its authenticity and the legitimacy of their cause and the provision of funds...

This thesis aims at uncovering the essence of securities and try to frame them as trading instruments based on their effectiveness, the time to market


Although low bone mass and accelerated bone loss can occur early in life, osteoporosis is usually considered a disorder of postmenopausal women. However, some premenopausal women are also at risk for osteoporosis. Because of a lack of knowledge and few practice recommendations for premenopausal women, it can be more difficult to determine the potential risk and to manage the low bone mass in these women. Low bone density in the young adult female may refl ect attainment of a lower peak bone mass or be secondary to progressive bone loss following attainment of peak bone density. Early bone health is a key determinant of future osteoporosis, optimizing the bone gain by young adulthood and minimizing the bone loss by menopause is the important preventive strategies. Low bone mass in the young adult female may be associated with prolonged amenorrhea, anorexia nervosa, chronic glucocorticoid therapy and diseases that affect calcium and vitamin D metabolism. Also, bone loss may be associated with common conditions such as smoking, dieting, low calcium intake, and low physical activity. This review addresses peak bone mass accrual, risk factors, screening or evaluation and management of low bone mass in young adult female.


This chapter discusses the position of domestic workers. It first explains what domestic work is and what challenges it presents. The second part turns to the vulnerabilities of migrant domestic workers, which are created or reinforced through their exclusion or special treatment in law. I have called this exclusion or special treatment 'the legislative precariousness of domestic workers' and examine it in the context of labour and immigration law. The third part focuses on the United Kingdom (UK) overseas domestic workers visa and argues that it risks breaching European human rights law, because it potentially leads to situations of modern slavery. Many aspects of the law must change for domestic work to be viewed as decent work, and the overseas domestic workers' visa is an area of priority.


We present a detailed register of events, circumstances and protagonists involved in the evolution of engineering in Venezuela in the latter part of the twentieth century from 1958 to 1998. The first date was chosen as, with the end of the military dictatorship, it marked a transition between quite distinct socio-economic and politico-institutional phases in our contemporary history, a fact that has been widely accepted and recognized as such in research on the subject. The closing date also appears to signal a moment of change, even though this is still under debate mainly due to it being so recent. Our inventory of events is a necessary step towards building a holistic vision and interpretation of a fundamental period in the history of engineering in the country which, in turn, helps us to understand engineering today and what it may become in the future. The value of this study is that it provides a compilation that has not been previously presented in this way, both for the relative proximity to the present of the period covered and because other efforts have tended to concentrate on specialized areas rather than give a broad view of the development of Venezuelan engineering.


Energy saving working,the investment and the cost of all life of air conditioner equipment are important for consumers,devisers and builders.Based on the analysis on technical specialty,exercisable degree,energy saving effect,investment and all life cost of some methods of variable air volume adjust,get a synthetical judgement about them.The output power of air conditioner fan is proportion of cub of its speed seemly.Based on the load characteristic of air conditioner fans,according to speed control range,control delicacy,working maintenance and system reliability,energy saving working scheme based on the triac technic is analyzed.The results indicate that the scheme is lower cost,high efficiency and good feasibility among these energy saving methods.These schemes are analyzed and compared for a big building.The analyzing result is proved by the calculation example.


Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis causes a disease which affects many species of wild and domestic mammals and birds (2, 9, 12, 13, 14). Mair and Harbourne (4) reported the isolation of this organism from a bovine fetus in Great Britain and states that it is known to infect the goat, pig, chicken and turkey. Mair (5) reported on serological studies carried out on strains isolated from many species, two of these had been isolated from bovine fetuses and nine from ovine fetuses. Wetzler (12) cites the experimental work of Nocard and Masselin in this disease in pigeons and states that the organism used was isolated from a dead calf. These three reports appear to be the only recorded isolations of this organism from the bovine in the literature available to the author. Serological studies by Knapp (3) carried out on a cow which had mastitis and which had a close association with a case of human pseudotuberculosis indicated that it had been exposed to and was probably infected with P. pseudotuberculosis. The scanty information in the literature on this disease in cattle, the absence of reports of its occurrence in Canada, the fact that it is transmissible to humans (2) and the growing concern regarding this organism in the field of public health prompted the publication of this report.


The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of life skills training on social adjustment and academic performance of guidance- school female students in Yazd city. The statistical research used a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The population was all guidance school female students of Yazd city in 2011-2012 (1390-91s.c.) academic year. The research sample included thirty second- grade students who were selected through multistage random sampling who were then assigned randomly into two experimental and control groups: The instruments used were California Test of Personality (Thorpe, Clarck & Tiegs, 1953) and students' grades in the first and second semester of 2011- 2012 academic year. The life skills training included 12 sessions, each 90 minutes, on a weekly basis for training group. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that life skills training is effective on social adjustment and academic performance of adolescent female students (P<0.001). Therefore, it is concluded that life skills training, as basic skills of mental health, can be an effective approach in increasing social adjustment and academic performance of adolescent female students.


Earlier work by Enelow and Hinich that develops a theory of how voter expectations affect preferences on a single issue is extended by building into the model a dependence between futureissue decisions and present alternatives. It is assumed that each voter forecasts future issue decisions with a multidimensional random variable whose mean is linear in the alternatives of the present issue. If voters have quadratic utility (i.e., are risk-averse) and maximize expected utility, it is shown that symmetric, single-peaked preferences are induced on each issue based on the preference and forecast parameters of each voter. Consequently, an equilibrium decision exists on each issue. This equilibrium is a generalization of the one derived by Enelow and Hinich. The author argues that the model developed in the paper is useful for representing and providing insights into the type of single-issue voting that occurs in Congress, and demonstrates through examples both that the problem addressed by the model arises frequently in congressional voting and that the assumption of a linear dependence between present alternatives and mean forecasts on future issues is reasonable in many real world instances of congressional decision making.


In this article, two Adams–Bashforth-type integration-enhanced discrete-time zeroing neural dynamic (ADTIZD) models are proposed to solve the time-varying complex Sylvester equation (TVCSE) problem in the first time. In ADTIZD models, Adams–Bashforth discrete formulas as novel discrete formulas are used, giving our ADTIZD models higher accuracy [truncation error being $O(\tau ^{5})$ ] but less time and space complexity than the ordinary multi-instant models. Enhanced by the integration part, the ADTIZD models can resist large additive noises, where even constant noises cannot decrease their precision. All convergence and robustness performance conclusions about our ADTIZD models are supported by rigorous theoretical proofs and numerical experiments. More comparisons between ADTIZD models and other discrete-time zeroing neural network models are shown in these experiments too. The efficacy of ADTIZD models is finally been validated in the simulation of adopting them in controlling a robotic manipulator.


M. L . JONES* , S . L . MURDEN* , D . BEM , S . J . MU N DELL , P . G I SSEN§ , M. E . DALY– , S . P . WATSO N , and A . D . MUMFORD, * ON BEHALF O F T HE UK GAPP STUDY G ROUP *Bristol Heart Institute & School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol; §Institute of Child Health and MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London; and –Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK


A discrete probability distribution function is used to represent the squared transverse roughness effect in a modified Reynolds equation, and the Reynolds equation is used to calculate the hydrodynamic lubrication in a slider-disk interface compared to the CFD method. When the roughness height is below 1% of the film thickness, the results acquired by the two methods are the same and the surface roughness does not show obvious effect on the lubrication results compared to that on the smooth surface. The load capacity and friction force increase as the roughness height increases when the roughness height exceeds 1% of the film thickness. Moreover, the forces acquired by Reynolds equations are smaller than those acquired by CFD, and the difference between them exceeds 10% when the roughness height is higher than 10% of the film thickness. Sidewall effect is considered to be the main reason for the difference, and the Reynolds equation is believed not suitable for calculating the effect of the squared transverse roughness in the hydrodynamic lubrication.


This review deals with non-Brownian (non-colloidal) suspension rheology; experimental and computational studies are compared where possible. The matrix fluids are Newtonian, and the rigid particles have an aspect ratio close to one. Volume fractions up to and including 0.5 are considered. Shearing and extensional flows are discussed; the former are fairly well understood, but the latter are not prominent in the literature. Unsteady and oscillatory flows are surveyed; more work is needed in this area. Finally some attempts to find constitutive models are discussed, and an empirically based suggestion based on a modified Reiner-Rivlin model is described.This review deals with non-Brownian (non-colloidal) suspension rheology; experimental and computational studies are compared where possible. The matrix fluids are Newtonian, and the rigid particles have an aspect ratio close to one. Volume fractions up to and including 0.5 are considered. Shearing and extensional flows are discussed; the former are fairly well understood, but the latter are not prominent in the literature. Unsteady and oscillatory flows are surveyed; more work is needed in this area. Finally some attempts to find constitutive models are discussed, and an empirically based suggestion based on a modified Reiner-Rivlin model is described.


Dynamical systems are often nonlinear in nature. It motives people to explore various theoretical nonlinear analysis and control design tools, of which constructive nonlinear design methods are the most celebrated ones. However, applying a constructive tool faces up a big hurdle that the tool deals only with a certain dynamical structure, often not possessed by the natural dynamics. Nonlinear constructive control designs heavily relies on the identification of a particular structure via coordinate transformation and control transformation. To be realistic, these theoretical tools are not general to all of the nonlinear systems. Here, a challenging benchmark example–a four degrees of freedom inverted pendulum under the influence of a planar force–is considered that is nonlinear, multiple input and multiple output, underactuated and unstable. The benchmark is also of practical interests because it is an abstract of several applications. Three challenging control objectives are envisaged for the first time in the literature in order to how to apply various cuttingedge theoretical nonlinear control tools. In fact, the key step of all of the nonlinear designs is to identify spectral structures– certain "normal" forms. From this aspect, a sequence of preliminary designs will accompany the existing tools to construct nonlinear controllers, which is quite different from the linear control designs.


The goal of this study is to identify RNA interference (RNAi) seed sequences that inhibit androgen signaling and induce toxicity in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. The high prevalence of acquired resistance to androgen deprivation therapy, as well as first and second generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, drives the development of lethal castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). As a result, PCa remains one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in men. AR amplification, gain of function mutations and constitutively active splice isoforms of the AR, and the overexpression of AR coregulators, play considerable roles in promoting CRPC by sustaining AR activity in the presence of the low androgen environment and/or AR antagonists. The development of specific small molecule inhibitors of AR splice isoforms has been largely unsuccessful, and inhibitors of individual AR coregulators have not translated well into the clinic, likely due to their large number and functional redundancies. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies for targeting androgen signaling in CRPC are necessary. Previous studies in our lab have demonstrated RNAi-mediated PCa cell death through seed region (nucleotides 2-8) complementarity of shRNA/siRNA guide strands to the 3'UTR of the AR and multiple AR coregulators and essential genes. In the current study, we used an unbiased novel seed-based shRNA screen to identify seed sequences that are toxic to different PCa cells, including CRPC cells expressing the clinically relevant constitutively active AR variant 7 (AR-V7). Common motifs were identified among toxic seed sequences, and the miRDB target prediction database was used to select those seeds that were predicted to target the AR and AR coregulators. Using RNA-seq analyses we confirmed that selected seed sequences inhibited global androgen signaling and identified potential direct targets known to be relevant to PCa. Conclusions: These studies have identified androgen signaling inhibitory sequences that have the potential to be used in RNAi-seed based therapies for PCa. The ability to inhibit the expression of the AR and multiple essential AR coregulators simultaneously with one agent, and the reduced likelihood of developed resistance, are considerable benefits of this approach.
 Citation Format: Joshua M. Corbin, Maria J. Ruiz-Echevarria. RNA interference seed-based approach to inhibit androgen signaling and induce prostate cancer cell death [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1483.


The aim of the research is to study the using social media of the people serving as manager in providences and districts organizations of Youth Services and Sport General Management. Main focuses are influence of their sharing to institution image and opinion of all employees of YSGM about restriction on social media usage. Participants are selected and also 209 participants of them became volunteer for this research. "The using of Twitter and scale of institution image" which is developed by Ozel (2014) and "personal information form" which is developed by investigator are used for the research. In data analysis, socio-demographic characteristics was analyzed by using descriptive tests, one-way ANOVA test was used to find out the differences between educational status, working position, year of working, the time spent in social media in terms of the using Twitter effect on institutional image. Tukey HSD test was used to determine which group caused the differences. The significance level was accepted as p<0,05. Consequently, No significant differences were found between educational status, working position, working year, and the time spent in social media of people working as an administrator in Youth services and sports provincial / district directorate.
Key Words: Twitter, Social Media, Corporate Image, Employees, Sports Manager, Public Personnel, Youth Services and Sports


Results are presented for a four‐year study of chemical cleaning of ultrafiltration/microfiltration membranes for inland potable water treatment are presented. The study made use of a bespoke test cell in which sample membrane fibers extracted from modules in full‐scale operating membrane plants were examined. The test entailed cleaning—with the reagents used at each of the nine sites—under controlled conditions of reagent concentration (C), soak period (P), and temperature (T). Data were analyzed using a standard response surface model to identify optimum cleaning protocol parameter values. Results showed the effect and order of importance of C, P, and T to vary both between sites and temporally, making identification of the most appropriate prescriptive cleaning protocols extremely challenging. Optimization of plant operation and maintenance requires methods for recording and tracking changes in cleaning efficacy, such as the one used in this study, as an adjunct to assessing the tendency for initial fouling through pilot‐testing.


HREM and EDS microanalyses were performed on two grades of hot-pressed α-SiC (0.3 wt%, and 1.5 wt% Al additives) in the as-sintered state and also after annealing treatments and creep tests in the temperature range 1600-1950°C. An amorphous aluminosilicate film (∼1 nm thick) was imaged in grain boundaries of all samples except for the one deformed by three point bending at 1600°C which exhibits only a small amount of Al and O intergranular segregation


This research aims at studying the effect of additives and sintering temperatures on production of cordierite – mullite support. This work starts with the preparation of the cordierite support from kaolin, ball clay, talcum and alumina by solid casting method and varying temperature in heat treatment of cordierite support and fired kaolin for use as additives at 1200 1300 and 1400°C. It was found that the optimum temperature used to produce the cordierite phase in the cordierite support and to produce the maximum mullite phase from kaolin was at 1400°C. The preparation of the cordierite – mullite support was then started by varying the mixture composition among the raw materials that cause the cordierite phase to additives, i.e. the fired kaolin at 1400°C to 3 formulas, namely CM-1 for 80:20, CM-2 for 70:30 and formula CM-3 60:40. After sintering at 1400°C, cordierite support and the cordierite – mullite support, CM-1, CM-2 and CM-3 have a modulus of rupture 58.24 ± 1.36 MPa, 45.35 ± 1.55 MPa, 38.33 ± 2.63 MPa and 30.94 ± 2.02 MPa; respectively. All formula showed a coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE) of lower than 5x10 -6 1/°C and showed a softening point (Ts) at temperature of 1,318, 1,258 and 1,265°C, respectively. Result of thermal shock resistance test found that samples of cordierite – mullite support of formula CM-3 showing a maximum mullite phase indicated an excellent thermal shock resistance property. Keywords : cordierite, cordierite – mullite, coefficient of linear thermal expansion, thermal shock resistance


The paper presents the results of calculations, in which the construction of a three-way separator. It is to provide a proper distribution of dust in the brown coal power supply system. Numerical studies were carried out using a spatial numerical model and then compared with the results of measurements of the modernized boiler OB-650.


If the author succeeds in creating a favourable impression of the city of Algiers itself, that of Algeria as a whole is less secure. The achievement of the 'Ottoman peace' in breaking down the isolation of the cities depends on the suggestion that since the end of the Roman empire such isolation had been typical, and of fundamental importance. The Mzabis (p. 68) are described as Hanbalis, hence appealing to the orthodoxy of the Turks. In cases like this it is often the choice of words which is at fault, as when, for example, the treasurer is made responsible for 'the economy, finances, and production' (p. 52), and Turkish rule is described as 'designed to maintain rather than to overburden the existing system' (p. 98) (my italics). Too often, the English collapses. The crescent is 'a symbol of special significance to Turks as well as Muslims' (p. 75); the bastinado is administered with 'small sticks, the size and thickness of a finger' (p. 93); 'unless the evidence of guilt was clear and the crime obvious, an impartial trial was guaranteed' (p. 91). Despite these shortcomings, and one or two errors, e.g. page 59, '1568' for ' 1587', this remains a useful addition to the books available in English. Clissold's The Barbary Slaves suffers from no such defects of style, apart from a pardonable uncertainty in transliteration ('Sharshal', but 'Cha'ban'). It is a very readable account of its subject, dealing with each aspect in turn. Like the previous work, it suffers from the compression of three hundred years into a single description; nevertheless it is a useful summary of material which is already familiar, but bears recapitulation. It is not, and does not pretend to be, that estimate of the importance of slavery in the society and economy of North Africa which we would dearly like to see.


Nuclear fusion has held the promise of unlimited clean energy for over fifty years. However, owing to the technical challenges of achieving a sustained reaction, this promise remains unrealised. Chief among these challenges is the survivability of reactor materials, which are subject to extreme temperatures and flux of fast neutrons. To aid in understanding damage processes, atomistic simulations have been employed to model the fundamental processes of radiation damage, with some models validated by comparison to inelastic neutron scattering results. Beryllium rich beryllides, in particular the Be12M materials (where M is a transition metal), are under consideration for neutron multiplying applications in fusion reactors, however the basic properties of some of these materials remain poorly characterised. Herein, DFT simulations have been used to clarify the structure of Be12Ti, which was previously in contention. Further, several basic properties of Be12Ti have been predicted, including the thermal expansion, bulk modulus, elastic constants and lattice parameters. The phonon density of states of Be12M (M=Ti/V/Mo/Ta/Nb) and Be13Zr have been predicted, with trends observed based on the mass of the M species. Inelastic neutron scattering has also been performed, and results compared with the simulated phonon density of states. The experimental results were significantly broadened, making analysis difficult. It was found that signal at low energies is attributed to second order


China and Russia, two major regional political actors, regard the Eurasia core as their strategic backyard. The regional ambitions of these two powers are a threat in a new era of competition or possible cooperation in the Eurasian region. China is using the economic potential of 'One Belt, One Road' (OBOR) in order to integrate Eurasia as its heartland, while Russia has formed the 'European Economic Union' (EEU) with hopes of establishing a power bloc. This article is an attempt to underscore the potential of these formations and their consequences for the geopolitics of Eurasia. The subject of this research is to elucidate the context of OBOR and EEU, the major regional projects in the region, and their consequences for the Eurasian region.


Abstract Background: Expectant reduction of neonatal mortality and formulation of preventive strategies can only be achieved by analysis of risk factors in a particular setting. This study aimed to document incidence of neonatal death and to analyze the risk factors associated with neonatal death. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) over a 12-month period from January to December 2015. The newborns that died within 28 d of life were defined as "Cases" and "Control" were the surviving newborn discharged to home as healthy. Two birth weight and gestational age matched controls were taken for each case. Maternal, obstetric, and newborn characteristics were analyzed between both the groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). A probability of < .05 was considered statistically significant. The strength of association was determined by calculating odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: During the study period, the proportion of death was 9.6% (64/612). Both in Chi-square analysis and in logistic regression analysis, less than four antenatal visits (odds ratio (OR) 2.78; 95% CI: 1.23–6.28, p = .014) and sepsis (OR 2.37; 95% CI: 1.07–5.26, p = .034) were found to be independent risk factors for deaths, whereas LUCS found to be protective for deaths (OR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19–0.83, p = .015). Conclusion: In conclusion, less than four antenatal visits and presence of sepsis were found to be independent risk factors whereas LUCS protective of newborn death.


Exposure to lead remains an under-recognized public health problem in the developing countries such as Kenya despite well documented toxic effects of the metal at elevated blood levels. The objective of the study was to measure the blood lead levels in pregnant women of Nairobi city so as to assess the extent of exposure of the subjects to the toxic heavy metal and to evaluate the toxicological significance of the findings. Blood lead levels were determined as microgram of lead per liter of blood (BLLs in μg dL) in 223 mothers recruited at Eastleigh Clinic (n=152) and Pumwani Maternity Hospital (n=71) of Nairobi City. The two public hospitals serve mainly disadvantaged communities. Overall BLLs ranged from non-detectable (nd) or zero to 295.0 μg dL. Women from Eastleigh clinic had slightly higher mean (± standard error or SE) BLL than those from Pumwani (29.5 ± 3.1 μg dL vs 25.9 ± 3.3 μg dL) but there was no significant difference between them (t-statistic=0.80; df=186; p>0.05). The blood lead levels were above typically cited as average and may pose threat to the mothers and fetuses, as 70.4 % samples had values greater than 10 μg dL -1 (the US Centers for Disease Control cut off level for raised blood lead level in children and pregnant women). Clearly this work gives additional urgency to Kenyan efforts to reduce and prevent lead exposure to her population and provides a rationale for deeper investigation to identify sources of exposure in the country. A periodic surveillance of blood lead levels in vulnerable individuals such as children, pregnant women and occupationally exposed individuals is advocated. [Journal of American Science 2009;5(3):41-51] ( ISSN: 1545-1003).


Forty million U.S. adults show signs of noise-induced hearing loss, a number that is expected to nearly double by 2060, new research finds.


Introduction: Honeybee Robotics has a long history of developing prototype and flight surfacepreparation, sampling, and sample-processing systems for Martian, Lunar, and other space applications. More recently, Honeybee Robotics has explored a number of In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) concepts including the Mobile In-Situ Water Extractor (MISWE) [1], the World Is Not Enough (WINE) water-extraction system [2], and various low-TRL designs [3]. Among these ISRU concepts, the most mature is a system referred to as the Planetary Volatiles Extractor (PVEx) [4]. Planetary Volatiles Extractor (PVEx) consists of a coring auger with an internal heated sleeve that sublimates ice or bound water within a regolith core, and a cold trap with associated plumbing that condenses the released water vapor for capture (Figure 1). The nominal dimensions of the coring auger is 5 cm in diameter and 50 cm long. As such, every time the PVEx is deployed, it captures a volume of material approximately 1000 cc. However, PVEx can be easily scaled up depending on the volumes of the material required. As such, it can serve as initial reconnaissance tool and a production system. For example PVEx 20 cm in diameter and 1 m long, can capture 3 kg water/hour (assuming 5wt% and 2 g/cc regolith density). A Curiosity size rover with four PVEx systems will therefore capture 12 kg water/hour or 50 MT water / year (assuming 50% duty cycle: 50% water extraction and 50% driving, drilling). The main attribute of the PVEx approach is that it can perform well in dry and ice cemented regolith. If the subsurface strength is unknown, this type of drilling based ISRU system is one of the few that could be used without worry that the system will not work. Based on our tests, even a small fraction of water (1%) is sufficient to sinter soil grains together forming a competent and strong material that can not be broken up by a scoop [5]. The PVEx system has been tested in limestone rock and solid ice under ambient and cold conditions, and in ice-bearing regolith simulant under vacuum conditions. During all tests, Weight on Bit was kept significantly less than 100 N. The test data is shown in Table 1. It can be seen that PVEx can reach a depth of 50 cm in 610 minutes with ~100 Watt of power. It has been therefore shown to be mechanically robust and also capable of efficiently collecting near-surface and subsurface water in various forms. PVEx consistently collected more than 80% of the water within an ice-bearing sample with energy input predominantly going toward ice sublimation (Table 2).


Measurement noise and loop interaction introduce errors during the identification of a two-input two-output (TITO) process. This paper proposes a novel method for the identification of a TITO process in the presence of measurement noise and loop interaction. The proposed structure includes two preload relays (P_relays) in the forward paths and two adaptive integral filters in the feedback paths to induce the limit cycle outputs. The integral filters are designed adaptively during the identification. The integral filters in the feedback paths reduce the interaction between the loops and induce denoised limit cycle outputs. Then a pair of parametric transfer function models for the TITO process dynamics is obtained using the limit cycle information. Also, a new approach to estimate the steady state gains of the models is proposed. Simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness and the simplicity of the proposed identification and control method.


E-commerce has undergone significant transformation with the rapid advancement of information technologies and the widespread proliferation of the internet. In recent years, technological developments and the integration of the internet into everyday life have reshaped conventional shopping habits. Transactions such as online shopping, banking, and information sharing are now routinely conducted over the internet, creating space for e-commerce systems alongside traditional commerce. E-commerce and e-export are pivotal concepts that have spurred a substantial transformation in today's business landscape. These two terms have established a faster, more efficient, and global trade environment compared to traditional trade methods. E-commerce has reduced the costs associated with international trade and encouraged trade between nations. E-export, on the other hand, can be regarded as a subset of e-commerce. E-export, on the other hand, is a trade model in which products are offered to international customers through online sales channels. In this model, businesses communicate with customers and sell their products through e-commerce platforms. During the sales process, special invoices related to Value Added Tax (VAT) are issued, and an Electronic Commerce Customs Declaration (ETGB) is created using the micro-export method. Micro-export is a method that enables small and medium-sized enterprises to sell their products and services in the global market. Products can be quickly sent to foreign countries through authorized courier companies, resulting in savings on customs consultancy fees and transaction costs. The scope of micro-export is subject to specific limitations and controls. Micro-export has facilitated small entrepreneurs' access to customers worldwide, thanks to the rapid development of technology and the widespread adoption of the internet. The aim of this study is to provide a general overview of the recent trends in e-commerce and highlight the significance of e-export in this context, elucidating the advantages it can offer to businesses. Within the realm of e-commerce, e-export is gaining increasing importance in today's global trade environment.


Guest history is a valuable service and marketing tool. In particular, it is likely to become a strategic device for the development of brand loyalty in the 1990s. Reports on a nationwide Australian study of 121 hotels′ use of guest history, and describes some of the key opportunities for optimizing the guest history function. The findings suggest that while guest history is being widely utilized by hotels, the extent of that utilization is limited. Three major areas for developing strategies to optimize the guest history function were found to include: specific guest history training modules; an internal service orientation emphasizing the organization‐wide usage of guest history to service the customer better; and further enhancement of the use of guest history for increasing brand loyalty.


In general, the vitality and social functions of a language are assessed in connection with such indices as the language's intergenerational transmission, the absolute number of speakers and proportion of speakers in the population, its present domains of use, its development within diverse domains of use, and the availability of its educational and written materials. The various indices are then ranked for vitality levels and synthesized to obtain the language's degree of vitality and degree of endangerment (De Graaf 2006). By means of a questionnaire survey of Yi-Han bilingual students at the Ethnic Secondary School of Xichang and observations of natural language use by urban Yi-Han bilinguals and rural Yi monolinguals, this study sought to explore current use of Yi in the domains of the family, education, religion, work, and the media in order to assess Yi's vitality and social function in the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and proposes measures for enhancing Yi's vitality and social function.


This study aims to develop Geogebra-based learning media in linear programing course for semester V students of Mathematics Education, Ahmad Dahlan University. The effectivenss of this learning media is measured based on student learning outcomes and confidence. The development model used is the borg and Gall development model that includes: (1) standard content analysis, (2) multimedia reference collection, (3) multimedia design, and (4) manufacture of GeoGebra-based learning media in the form of applets. The revision of learning media assessed by the material and learning experts, media experts and tested on the students, both small and large classes, I,e 38 students of mathematics education university Ahmad Dahlan. Learning media generated have good quality (B) according to the assessment of material and learning experts, media experts, and 38 students, with an average score of 209.48 from a maximum score of 260. The effectiveness of instructional media viewed from two aspects: student confidence and results learn. Geogebra-based learning media is effective regarding student self-confidence and student learning outcomes in linear course.


Means for generating a Josephson junction characterized, in that the superconducting material used an unconventional superconductor with alternating sign of the pair potential Δ (r →, k →) for different wave vectors k →, which the Josephson junction determining weak coupling of the macroscopic quantum mechanical wave function is generated on both sides of the Josephson junction by a spatial restriction of the superconducting material, or by the spatial confinement of the macroscopic quantum mechanical wave function within the superconducting material, the orientation of the aforementioned spatial restriction is selected relative to the crystallographic axes of the superconducting material used such that the current through the Josephson junction has two portions, namely, the proportion of the Cooper pairs, which pass through the constriction without reflection, and the proportion of phase coherent electrons which flow through the Josephson junction with one or more reflections at interfaces in the Josephson junction or its vicinity so that the sign of the pair potential Δ (r →, k →) k in the direction of the wave vectors → this portion of the stream having the Fermi velocity ν →


Poisson distributions have the characteristic of equality between their variance and mean values. By constructing a calculation model of the temporal variance and spatial variance, the relationship between the variance and mean values of lidar analog data and photon-counting data can be analyzed. The calculation results show that the photon-counting data from far field have the distribution property of equality between the variances and the corresponding mean values, while the analog data for the whole probing traces do not. In this paper, by analyzing the distribution properties of the spatial variance and temporal variance of lidar data, the dead time of photon-counting data was estimated, and the threshold voltage of the photon-counting system and the linear working range of photomultiplier tube were evaluated. The results show that the linear working range of the high voltage for the photomultiplier tube in the ultraviolet elastic scanning lidar is between −500 V and −1000 V, and the dead time and threshold voltage of the photon-counting system in the Licel transient recorder are 3.488 ns and 1.20 mV, respectively. Meanwhile, a novel gluing method between analog data and photon-counting data is presented, based on the calculation results of the variance distribution of lidar data. The linear transfer coefficients were determined by minimizing the differences between the variance and mean of the transformed photon-counting data in the near filed with high signal to noise ratio. The glued data were distributed to express the atmospheric conditions uniformly.


The active layer situated between the permafrost and the ground surface has changed greatly over the last decades at a site in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. While permafrost is defined as soil which has been below a temperature of 0°C for at least two consecutive years, the active layer is thawing every summer and refreezing in autumn. Svalbard has the warmest permafrost compared to other sites at the same latitude. At the top of the permafrost, soil warming is reduced as energy is used for thawing the ground. This process usually increases the volumetric water content.


The micro Advanced Stellar Compass (µASC), an attitude reference for the Juno Magnetic Field investigation, also continuously monitors high energy particle fluxes in Jupiter's magnetosphere. ...


S SHEET e-ISSN: 2088-6985 Date of issues vol. 3, no. 1: July 2012 p-ISSN: 2087-3379 Date of issues vol. 3, no. 2: December 2012 The descriptions given are free terms. This abstracst sheet may be reproduced without permission or change. Ridwan Arief Subekti , Agus Hartanto , Vita Susanti a ( Pusat Penelitian Tenaga Listrik dan Mekatronik – LIPI, Bandung) Direction and Policies Needed to Support Hybrid Electric Car Research (Orig. Ind.) Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, July 2012, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 1-8, 4 ill, 13 ref. The rising number of vehicles over the years has driven the increase of air pollution and fuel consumption. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is using hybrid electric car because it is environmentally friendly and efficient in fuel consumption. LIPI has conducted electric car research since 1997, but there were so many problems in its development that electric car cannot be developed into a national industry scale. Therefore, it is important to conduct a study that maps the problems and finds the solutions to prevent the same failure of electric car commercialization process from happening to hybrid electric car. This study was done by collecting and analyzing the primary and secondary data through interviews, discussing electric hybrid car with stakeholders, and examining earlier study results and regulations. Based on this study, several policies to support sustainability research of hybrid electric car were proposed. Some recommendations were the making of national roadmap and regulation for the usage of hybrid electric car on the road. For policy makers at LIPI, a research focus, research coordination, and precommercialization program were recommended.


Space systems inherently belong to the category of complex systems, having specific unique traits. This paper presents an overview of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) activities carried out for a space mission. It addresses the impact of the EMC discipline on the spacecraft's procurement, the definition of the requirements, and the EMC program, with a number of real life examples. Finally, trends and future needs are discussed.


The experiment were conducted on efficacy of biopesticides and certain chemical insecticides against mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt) at research farm Department of Entomology, SHIATS Allahabad during Rabi season of 2012-2015. Result showed that significantly higher seed yield and net return were recorded with spraying of dimethoate 30 EC followed by malathion 50 EC and neem oil (0.5%), respectively. The cost benefit ratio descending order was dimethoate 30 EC > malathion 50 EC > NSKE > Bacillus thuringiensis > neem oil > Beauveria bassiana> Metarhizium anisopliae> Verticillium lecanii> tobacco leaf extract.


It is common to imagine only losses for men if women achieve sexual equality, but achieving this goal would actually entail improvements for both sexes. A new perspective can be gained by considering male participation in reproductive health and child care a right instead of a responsibility, and such a perspective may make supportive policies more likely to succeed. A rights emphasis could lead to improved wage/labor and child care policies and would be acceptable to men who consider that they already act in a responsible manner. A rights perspective would also promote equity and mutual respect in sexual relationships and give people "permission" to transgress cultural limits that infringe upon their rights. Traditional cultural models of male behavior are transmitted by parents and peers to make males eschew outward signs of weakness; drink alcoholic beverages together; seek sexual experience; and engage in instinctive, uncontrollable, and aggressive sex behavior. Peruvian studies on sexuality and gender carried out in 1995 indicate that adolescents more rigidly define the male than the female role and that homophobia is used in the social control of males. Thus, any man who openly challenges traditional male roles risks the social marginalization that follows being suspected of homosexuality. This form of socialization causes men to view women and homosexuals as despised beings. Men must be educated to recognize the key roles of homophobia and misogyny in their socialization so that they can have the strength to abandon traditional ideas of masculinity and become empowered.


This paper addresses the problem of terminal understeer of a road vehicle. The scenario is considered when a vehicle enters a curve with excessive speed and the aim is to apply automatic chassis control to prevent the vehicle from drifting out of the lane. In a previous study, the optimization problem is formulated as the minimization of maximum path off-tracking and the optimal response of a particle model is in the form of a parabolic path recovery (PPR) where the acceleration vector is fixed in the global frame. A recently developed model based control method the Modified Hamiltonian Algorithm (MHA) uses this acceleration information as a reference for control allocation to each wheel. The controller is developed using a simplified 3DOF vehicle model in Matlab and Simulink environment. In this paper, we consider using a high fidelity model in CarMaker to verify the control performance. It is of particular interest to see how well the chassis control can deal with the inherent understeer and oversteer qualities of the vehicle. Hence in this paper we evaluate the ability of an active safety system to overcome the mechanical limitations of the vehicle.


The exact solution of the spin chain model with $1/r^2$ exchange is found for twisted boundary conditions. The spectrum thus obtained can be reproduced by the asymptotic Bethe ansatz. The spectral flow of each eigenstate is determined exactly as a function of the twist angle. We find that the period $4\pi$ for the ground state nicely fits in with the notion of fractional exclusion statistics.


The purpose of this study is to analyze long-term results with valve replacement in the elderly with bovine pericardial bioprostheses developed by the Heart Institute of Sao Paulo. Between March 1982 and December 1995, 463 FISICS-INCOR bovine pericardial bioprostheses were implanted in 432 patients over 65. The average age was 70.3 ± 4.3 years, and 58.1% were male. We performed a total of 286 aortic valve replacements, 144 mitral replacements, 16 double replacements (mitral and aortic) and 1 tricuspid replacement. There were associated procedures in 158 patients (36.6%) and the most frequent was myocardial revascularization (19.2%). Hospital mortality was 12.2% (53 patients), 18.7% for the mitral group, 7.7% for the aortic, and 18.8% for the double valve replacement. The linearized rates for calcification, thromboembolism, rupture, leak and endocarditis were 0.4, 0, 0.8, 0.1 and 0.1% patient-year. The actuarial survival curve for the aortic group was 32.4 ± 15.5% in 12 years, freedom from endocarditis was 100%, freedom from calcification was 98.3 ± 1.7%, freedom from rupture was 91.6 ± 4.8%, freedom from leak was 99.5 ± 0.5% and freedom from reoperation was 89.6 ± 4.9% in 12 years. The actuarial survival curve for the mitral group was 14.5 ± 11.5% in 12 years, freedom from endocarditis was 97.8 ± 2.2%, freedom from calcification was 98.0 ± 2.0%, freedom from rupture was 91.7 ± 5.0%, freedom from leak was 100% and freedom from reoperation was 87.9 ± 5.5% in 12 years. There was no thromboembolism. In the late post-operative period, 293 patients (87.7%) were in functional class I (NYHA). We conclude that late results with FISICS-INCOR bovine pericardial bioprostheses were satisfactory in the elderly group of patients.


As a chief component of a harmonious society,a harmonious campus includes the development of student's psychological harmony.People's psychological harmony is the psychological foundation of a stable campus.Universities should pay great attention to the development of student's psychological harmony.This article from the prospect of the above attaches importance to the meaning of the development of psychological harmony,combines College Ideological and Political Education with solution of student's practical question of development of psychological harmony,and enlarges coverage of College Ideological and Political Education.The improvement of College Ideological and Political Education will develop college students in an all-round way.


The elaborated version of the two-process model of sleep–wake regulation proposes more complex mathematical formulation for an ultradian process than for a homeostatic process. Numerical simulation of these two processes includes fitting time courses of electroencephalographic (EEG) indexes obtained for a baseline sleep and for the following episode challenged by shortening/prolongation of wakefulness. In the present paper, the possibilities of simplification of this approach were evaluated. Similar simple formulae were applied for description of both processes, and their parameters were derived by fitting time course of the EEG indexes obtained for only baseline sleep of 14 women. The derived parameters were then used to predict time courses representing 24-h sequences of very short (20 min) naps obtained for nine sleep-deprived and nine sleep-restricted men. The results suggest a possibility to apply such model-based analysis to any of numerous polysomnographic recordings of sleep routinely collected in clinical sleep laboratories.


The author analyses problems, which arise when using administrative responsibilitys regulations for unlawful use of а trademark, for unfair competition and violation of advertisements legislation. Request to demarcate spheres of activity Code of administrative violations regulations, which establish responsibility for unlawful use of а trademark, for unfair competition and violation of advertisements legislation. Also the author formulates concept definition «insertion goods in civil circulation» and recommends including it into legislation.


Abstract Objective: To investigate how dietary patterns (DP) change following engagement in a weight management programme. Using the DP identified, to study their relationship with weight loss achieved and ability to meet the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition's 2015 fibre and sugar recommendations. Design: Secondary analysis of FFQ data, which collected dietary information at two time points: retrospectively before (T0) and presently during (T1) Slimming World's programme, was analysed. Principal component analysis derived the DP present. Setting: Online FFQ, hosted by Slimming World (SW) in the UK. Participants: Female SW members (n 325; 17–68 years old). Results: At T0, two DP, 'plant based' and 'processed meat and sugar added by the consumer' were identified. At T1, three DP were identified, 'high meat', 'high fat salt and sugar (HFSS) products' and 'nuts and oils'. Participants with a diet low in 'HFSS products' lost significantly more weight (P for trend = 0·001), were more likely to consume breakfast (P = 0·021) and consumed less free sugar compared with high 'HFSS product' consumers. Those initially presenting with a low 'plant based' diet score lost more weight at T1 (P for trend = 0·046). With engagement, mean fibre intake increased from 24·3 to 32·4 g/d (P < 0·001) and free sugar intake decreased from 12·6 to 8·7 % total dietary energy (P < 0·001). Conclusions: An individual's DP before and with engagement in a weight management programme may indicate their weight loss success. Advising reduced HFSS product intake may aid initial weight loss. SW appears to promote dietary changes towards UK fibre and sugar recommendations.


The ''ion explosion'' model of track production in dielectric materials in investigated as a possible source of sputtered particles at high bombarding energies.


This paper presents recent advances in the dual boundary element method as applied to modelling crack growth in context of damage tolerance assessment of aircraft panels. The work presented include two- and three-dimensional problems as well as thin plates and shells. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in modeling linear and nonlinear fracture problems.


Background:It has been debated whether an extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancer is beneficial.Theoretically, removal of a wider range of lymph nodes by extended lymph node dissection increases the chance for cure.Lymph nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament are important for stage. Method:105 cases with gastric cancer were operated from 01/2003 to 12/2005 with total gastrectomy and extended D2 lymphadenectomy,including dissection of lymph nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament. Among all cases 8 were in stageⅠ,22 in stageⅡ,48 in stageⅢand 27 in stageⅣaccording to the TPM staging. Results:The involvement rate in lymph nodes along the proper hepatic artery was 16.2%and that in lymph nodes along the common bile duct was 7.61 The post operative death was 2.01 53 cases were able to be followed up for more than one year or died within one year.The one year survival rate was 88.7% (47/53). Conclusions:The metastases rates of lymph nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament were related to primary tumor,size,regional lymph nodes involved and stage of the tumors. Cases of gastric cancer with metastases of lymph nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament had poor prognosis.


The works show that, using fluorescent probes, it was used to study the effect of PC-8 on changes in the dynamics of the intracellular Ca2+ content in synaptosomes of the rat brain, depending on the site of the binding of glutamate on calcium channels by a specific mediator with glutamate. To measure the amount of cytosolic Ca2+ synaptosomes, we calculated using the Grinkevich equation. It has been shown that polyphenol PC-8 binds to the glutamate-binding site of NMDA receptors, so that the conductance for Ca2+ ions is reduced through a channel blocking the effect of polyphenol PC-8 can be explained. due to its binding to the competing action of the site, the binding of glutamate to NMDA receptors.


The strategic ideas,such as the principle of polluters paying fees,ecological label project,the enforcement of given standards,technical assistance,"Three superiorities"policy,are adopted in edible agri-products safety production by developed countries.We should learn from them actively,understand their spirit carefully and use their experience conscientiously.


THIS LECTURE IS DESIGNED AS AN EXPERIMENT IN resynthesis rather than deconstruction. It is conventional for both the modern and the post-modern to assume that the dead weight of some tradition or paradigm is controlling our minds and that its burden has as our first move to be cast aside. This assumption is often justified, and we do often find ourselves under just such a necessity. But the assumption may itself become a convention, and when it does we are obliged to begin every intellectual exercise with the construction of a straw man; if there is no Old Man of the Sea we are called on to invent him. This can be tiresome and time-wasting; I have myself been cast as Old Man because someone was needed to play the part, often enough to know that it can be a nuisance. But a more important consideration is that if we regard every complex pattern of interpretation, established because it has necessarily taken time to build it up, as no more than an encumbrance to be demolished, we may end by impoverishing ourselves rather than enriching our resources of speech and written language.


In this talk we describe and discuss a problem that arises in the (global) design of main frame computers. The task is to assign certain functional units to a given number of so-called multi chip modules or printed circuit boards taking into account many technical constraints and minimizing a complex objective function. A thorough mathematical modelling of all aspects of this problem results in a rather complicated integer program that seems to be hopelessly difficult - at least for the present state of integer programming technology. We introduce several relaxations of the general model, which are also NP-hard, but seem to be more easily accessible. Among these relaxations are various cut, multi-cut, multiple knapsack and hypergraph clustering problems. Details about theoretical investigations and algorithmic approaches to these problems will be presented in several subsequent talks.


A novel type four-sided tip-separable microneedle device with a large barb was proposed for separating a needle tip easily during the skin insertion in the trans-dermal drug delivery systems. The proposed microneedle device was composed of a sharp needle tip and a base one, and the former was placed on the latter with the 45° off rotation angle in the needle axis for increasing the barb area in the tip needle. A symmetry property of a single crystallographic Si(100) substrate was applied to produce two Si master needles producing both tip and base needle structures respectively, and they were fabricated by anisotropic wet etching. Finally, a polymer based four-sided tip-separable microneedle device with the large barb was successfully produced by applying a mold process to the fabricated two Si master needles.


The ultrasonic-aided extraction of Akebia trifoliata seed oil was achieved using alcohol,ethyl acetate,n-butanol or acetone as the extraction solvent. Along with this,the oils extracted with the four solvents were comparatively analyzed for their fatty acid composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Alcohol was found to be available for better sensory quality of oil,and ethyl acetate for higher oil yield,and the resultant oil yields were 19.23% and 35.69%,respectively. There were 11 fatty acids detected in Akebia trifoliata seed oil,and the major unsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid and linoleic acid,occupying 71.97% and 83.79%,respectively.


The objective of this article is to Guide health professionals on non-pharmacological treatments of Fibromyalgia. Development: Fibromyalgia is a complex health problem that affects all areas of patient that suffer it. Drug treatments seem not to get the expected results and therefore, should be offered a multidisciplinary approach that provides answers to the patient's demands. This is where the Community Health Nursing takes a leading role. Conclusions: The scientific literature supports non-pharmacologic measures and health education as the key treatment, associated with a responsible use of the drug.


The invention relates to a method for evaluating damage energy dissipation of units during composite structural failure finite element simulation. According to the method for evaluating the damage energy dissipation of the units during the composite structural failure finite element simulation, a characteristic length calculating model of a planar unit is established firstly, a characteristic length calculating method for a three-dimensional parallel hexahedron unit is established based on the characteristic length calculating model, and isovolumetric conversion is conducted on a unit in an ordinary shape and a wedge-shaped unit to convert the characteristic length calculation of the planer unit into the characteristic length calculation of the parallel hexahedron unit. According to the method for evaluating the damage energy dissipation of the units during the composite structural failure finite element simulation, the configuration of typical units, such as a parallelogram unit, a triangle unit, the parallel hexahedron unit, the unit in the ordinary shape and the wedge-shaped unit, which are frequently used in a composite structural failure finite element model is fully considered, the unit characteristic length calculating model is established, an accurate unit characteristic length calculating formula is provided, the characteristic lengths of the units can be effectively calculated, the damage energy dissipation of the units is calculated, and the objectivity and accuracy of the composite structural failure finite element simulation are improved.


The author gives the weakness of normative legal act – both internal and external manifestations of improper use of normoproteic equipment funds and inobservance of standard-setting safety technologies that reduce its quality. Attention is drawn to the fact that in current legal practice and science know three main ways in dealing with deficiencies of normative-legal act are prevention, elimination and overcoming. Today, one of the most effective means of overcoming the shortcomings of legal acts is law enforcement practice, particularly judicial, there are investigate the main forms of formalization in the legal system of Ukraine. It is established that such practices include: decisions and rulings in civil, criminal, commercial and administrative cases; the generalization of judicial practice; court statistics; scientific and practical commentary; legal conclusions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine. According to the form, especially name, structure, details, material and the commendatory statute formation, these documents differ: for example, the classic signs of enforcement of the judicial act (introductory, descriptive, reasoning and operative part) are largely typical for decisions, but in generalization of judicial practice serves comprehensive analytical evaluation with statistics analysis and characteristics of concrete cases, conclusions and recommendations. These acts have got different contents. In decisions legal assessment of particular legal relations is essentially fixed, judicial statistics contains information statistically-analytical, scientific and practical comments are in fact clarifications of scholars and practitioners. Generalizations, conclusions and recommendations are contained in the generalizations of the judicial practice and legal opinions, which gives them a normative character. It is clarified that these types of judicial practice, as a generalization and legal conclusions, the most effective to overcome the latent (hidden) disadvantages of legal acts. It is noted that subjects of the formation of this practice can be of superior courts, especially the Supreme Court of Ukraine. It is established that generalization of judicial enforcement should be carried out in respect accordimg to those categories of cases which is associated with nehant of poor legal standards. It is proposed to make these documents of a normative nature to legislate the grounds for the generalization of judicial practice, to establish the rule of the findings and recommendations of the Supreme Court of Ukraine according to other forms of fixation and subjects formation of the judicial practice, to provide formal enforceability of the right subjects to use generalized interpretation of the Supreme Court of Ukraine during the application of the imperfect regulatory legal acts. It is concluded that the implementation outlined will be the basis for formation of legal base necessary for the legalization of its usege by Ukrainian courts practice in cases where the imperfect regulatory legal acts will contribute to the search for a possible fight with the lawmaking errors by using other, except judicial, law-enforcement practices.


In this article the problem of truth is considered in terms of theoretical and methodological pluralism which is typical for postnonclassical science. Interpretation of the category of truth is proposed in the context of the nonclassical ("event") ontology as a condition of maintaining the methodological significance of this concept. In this case truth represents fullness of the discrete act of "being event", providing the organic connection between knowledge and reality.


Mechanical stability of oxide layers resulting from several commercial single-crystal superalloys (AM3, CMSX4 and MC2 modified by Si and Hf addition) oxidation in oxygen at 1100°C was investigated.These layers are usually under compressive stresses as a result of differences in thermal expansion coefficients between oxide and metal. Thus, oxide spallation occurs regardless of cooling rate. The critical temperature drop to initiate spallation (ΔT) depends on the oxide layer thickness (ξ) and the interfacial rupture energy (γF ). In fact, for a given oxide/metal couple, [math] is constant (EVANS and LOBB model). AM3 and CMSX4 alloys follow this model while MC2 modified alloy has a diffe rent behavior. Addition of Si and Hf improves scale adherence according to a mechanism not yet investigated.


This article on Bethlehem Steel Corp's Sparrows Point steel plant includes details of the coke plant and coal-based chemicals facilities.


Objective:To explore the mechanism of L929 apoptosis induced by the dental alloy activation of mitochondrial signal transduction.Methods:The rat L929 cells were treated with dental low-nickel alloy extract.The cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay,the mitochondrial transmembrane potential was labeled by Rhodamine 123 and Western boltting was used to analyze the related protein expression of mitochondrial apoptosis signal transduction pathway.Results:After the L929 cells were treated by dental low-nickel alloy extract for 48h,the mitochondrial transmembrane potential was decreased and cytochrome C released from mitochondria to the cytoplasm.Conclusion:The dental alloy activation of mitochondrial signal transduction pathway causes the decrease in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the release of cytochrome C,which may be one of the ways of L929 apoptosis induced by dental alloy.


2 INTRODUCTION 2 DATA SOURCE AND INDICATORS 4 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH 5 DATA ANALYSIS 5 DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW 5 Broad Group Mix Ratios 5 Group Specific Mix Ratios 8 LATENT CLASS GROWTH MODELS 9 Broad Group Mix Models Results 10 Group-Specific Mix Models Results 13 COVARIATES OF GROWTH TRAJECTORIES 15 CONCLUSIONS 16 REFERENCES 17 APPENDIX 18


Acknowledgments Chapter 1 The Cell Phone-Internet Lexicon: Overview and Implications Chapter 2 Minds on Media: Young People and Mental Health in the Internet Age Chapter 3 The Epidemic of Information: Pros and Cons Chapter 4 Cyberspace, Transitional Space and Adolescent Development Chapter 5 Cyberplay: The Pros and Cons of a 'Macrosphere' Chapter 6 Reality in Cyberspace: Patients' Use of the Internet and Ordinary Everyday Psychosis Chapter 7 Preoedipal Paradise in the World of the Web Chapter 8 The Electronic Couch: Some Observations About Skype Treatment Chapter 9 Separation, Sex, Superego, and Skype Chapter 10 Multiple Meanings of the 'Electrified Mind': A Concluding Commentary References About the Editor and Contributors


There is a need for rigorous analysis techniquesthat developers can use to uncover security policyviolations in their UML designs. There are a few UMLanalysis tools that can be used for this purpose, butthey either rely on theorem-proving mechanisms thatrequire sophisticated mathematical skill to useeffectively, or they are based on model-checkingtechniques that require a "closed-world" view of thesystem (i.e., a system in which there are no inputs fromexternal sources). In this paper we show how alightweight, scenario-based UML design analysisapproach we developed can be used to rigorouslyanalyze a UML design to uncover security policyviolations.In the method, a UML design class model, in whichsecurity policies and operation specifications areexpressed in the Object Constraint Language (OCL), isanalyzed against a set of scenarios describingbehaviors that adhere to and that violate securitypolicies. The method includes a technique forgenerating scenarios. We illustrate how the methodcan be applied through an example involvingrole-based access control policies.


A Compatibility Maturity Model assessment methodology (HIPAA-CMM) for evaluating compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ("HIPAA). The model is based on a proven and recognized CMM framework developed initially for measuring the quality and maturity level of an organization's Software development processes and that has been extended to Systems Engineer ing and Systems Security Engineering. Unlike existing CMMs, HIPAA-CMM achieves the granularity and cover age necessary to provide a formal, repeatable, and consistent methodology to assess an organization's HIPAA compli ance. This approach identifies areas of Strong and marginal compliance, as well as those areas which are not in com pliance with HIPAA, and provides a consistent basis for defining remediation means. Inherently, the HIPAA-CMM also serves as a tool for implementing continuous improve ment and evaluating the effectiveness of the improvement


In the present manuscript fracture propagation in a saturated porous medium is modeled based on the classical Biot theory, where solid skeleton and fluid flow are represented by separate two layers. The non‐ordinary state‐based peridynamics (NOSBPD) layer is employed to capture deformation including fracturing of the solid skeleton, while the fluid flow is controlled by the finite element method (FEM) layer. The interaction between the layers is realized by considering the effects of pore pressure from the FEM layer on the NOSBPD layer and, vice versa, the effect of the volumetric strain, porosity, and permeability variations from the NOSBPD layer on the FEM layer. The coupling terms retain their parent characteristics, that is, the interaction term in the momentum balance equation is approximated by the local FEM formulation whereas the interaction term in the mass balance equation is approximated by the nonlocal NOSBPD formulation. By doing so, the model retains the flexibility of coupling two independent discretizations. The coupled system is solved by a fully implicit solution scheme. The accuracy of the proposed method has been verified against available closed‐form solutions and published numerical approaches for the pressure‐ and fluid‐driven facture propagation problems.


Most of the mountains of Campania are covered by airfall pyroclastic deposits in primary deposition generally in unsaturated conditions. These deposits are periodically subjected to rainfall induced landslides that may evolve into catastrophic flowslides. To protect towns EWS can be implemented in order to correctly and promptly predict the trigger. In the paper we detect some 'essential ingredients' for effective EWSs which are new with respect to those already employed and essentially based on pluviometric thresholds (Greco et. Al., 2013) and extremely simplified models not able to correctly follow the physical phenomena which are responsible of flowslides generation (Olivares et Al. 2009). Complex models, able to correctly simulate those physical phenomena such as infiltration processes and the effects of partial saturated conditions on shear strength contain the 'essential ingredients' that we discuss in the paper. A particular attention is devoted to define the relation between suction and shear strength and the water retention curve obtained from different techniques to assess a reliable hydro-geotechnical model to analyze the slope response of loose unsaturated pyroclastic deposits. An EWS that contains these elements can provide many advantages. In fact, catastrophic flowslides but even false alarms about such events, produce negative technological and productive shocks that strongly reduce the actual and prospective value added of investment in the areas at risk suggesting the opportunity of their shrinking and postponement. Of course this severely compromises the economic development of those areas. In the paper we propose to examine this subject in the Dixit e Pindyck framework of the Real Option Valuation Approach in order to explain the socio-economic value of effective EWS. In fact, such EWSs will embed valuable new real options in the investment opportunities in the areas at risk increasing their actual and prospective values.


Context: Competitive swimming has become an increasingly popular sport in the United States. In 2007, more than 250 000 competitive swimmers were registered with USA Swimming, the national governing body. The average competitive swimmer swims approximately 60 000 to 80 000 m per week. With a typical count of 8 to 10 strokes per 25-m lap, each shoulder performs 30 000 rotations each week. This places tremendous stress on the shoulder girdle musculature and glenohumeral joint, and it is why shoulder pain is the most frequent musculoskeletal complaint among competitive swimmers. Evidence Acquisition: Articles were obtained through a variety of medical search sources, including Medline, Google Scholar, and review articles from 1980 through January 2010. Results: The most common cause of shoulder pain in swimmers is supraspinatus tendinopathy. Glenohumeral instability and labral tears have also been reported, but a paucity of information remains regarding prevalence and treatment in swimmers. Conclusion: Because of the great number of stroke repetitions and force generated through the upper extremity, the shoulder is uniquely vulnerable to injury in the competitive swimmer. Comprehensive evaluation should include the entire kinetic chain, including trunk strength and core stability.


Background/Objectives: It is not easy to ascertain a maximum electricity production in case of solar energy generation and there is problem not to recognize failures for a long time even iffailures occurred in facility. Measures need to be taken not only to check irregularities and replacement time but to maximize overall efficiency of solar energy generation system. Methods/Statistical analysis: It is necessary to build a control system based on web to analysis of various statistics information and real time index visibility. It is also necessary to verify SMS notification in the number of lightning in case of the falling of a thunderbolt, date and time of the occurrence, and correct operation of circuit breaker in the connection board. Findings: It is needed to be introduced the system which not only considers excessive communication cost as well as failure treatment of communication device and replacement cost but also makes full use of a dispersed generating system. Control system which is able to do scientific action of making up for fault and proper monitoring as well as maintenance in a solar power plant is constructed in this study. Improvements/Applications: Smart control system that electricity generation is stopped or reactivated in case of emergency through making an autonomous judgment of difficulties or faulted conditions will be extended. Technology of new renewable energy such as wind power and geothermal power will be applied through enhanced design technology of communication interface.


Since laboratory and field measurement of soil hydraulic properties is time consuming and subject to large error, numerous models have been proposed to predict soil hydraulic properties from easily measurable soil properties such as particle size distribution, bulk density, effective porosity and carbon content. In this study a multiple linear regression model was developed to predict the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils from their particle size distribution and bulk density data. Published data from 350 soil core samples of varying soils from different sources were used to develop the model. Stepwise regression selected the best model for prediction of soil hydraulic conductivity (R2 = 0.68, P < 0.0001) from the independent parameters of silt, clay, and bulk density. Additional field measured data were collected to test and validate the model using several statistical evaluation procedures. Based on the statistical evaluation criteria, the model performed fairly well and gave a satisfactory validation versus the field measured data.


Auger electron spectroscopy measurements have been performed on silicon nitride layers exposed to air. The layers were deposited on Si(100) wafers kept at 300°C or 600°C by excimer laser ablation of a silicon target under various ammonia pressures. The Si LVV, O KLL and N KLL lineshapes of silicon nitride layers and of in situ prepared clean surfaces of standards are compared by applying pattern recognition (PR) methods to obtain bonding information of elements within the analysed volume. The PR results based on Auger Si LVV, O KLL and N KLL spectra compare very well. They are also in agreement with the results of XPS. The chemical states of silicon atoms in all silicon nitride layers depend strongly on the deposition conditions used. For low ammonia pressures, surface regions of silicon nitride layers show a twofold coordination with oxygen to silicon atoms (SiO2), whereas for higher ammonia pressures there is a four fold coordination of silicon to nitrogen atoms (Si3N4). The results are interpreted as follows. The silicon-rich silicon nitride layers are formed at the lower ammonia pressure where the silicon oxide dominates over silicon nitride in the surface region, whereas for the higher ammonia pressure silicon nitride is prevalent. A new approach of the PR method, so-called 'cluster analysis', shows a close similarity in the chemical states of nitrogen atoms in the nitride layer formed at higher pressure and silicon nitride standard, indicating a threefold coordination of nitrogen to silicon atoms. Subtle differences revealed in the spectral shapes elucidate the strongly correlated behavior of the N KLL lineshapes with the deposition conditions used.


The conclusion about the special significance which was conveyed to teleological judgments by Kant is made in the article on the basis of comparative analysis of the first and second vertions of Kants introduction into Critique of the power of judgment. In contrast to aesthetic judgments, teleological judgments take on theoretical cognitive and epistemological significance.


Title Evaluation of transgenic tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) improved for important forage and turf traits [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) 佐藤, 広子 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(環境科学) 乙第7065号 Issue Date 2018-12-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/72386 Rights(URL) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Hiroko_Sato_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨)


Iron (Fe) deficiency significantly contributes to anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). High FGF23 levels, commonly found in CKD, are related to adverse outcomes in patients. In the normal setting, an association between Fe deficiency and FGF23 has been observed. However, it is unknown whether Fe deficiency-induced anemia might contribute to the excessive FGF23 levels in CKD. Thus, this study was intended to evaluate the interplay between Fe deficiency, CKD, and FGF23.

 Male Wistar rats with normal renal function received either standard (40 ppm Fe) or Fe-deficient (4 ppm Fe) diets for 6 weeks to induce anemia. Then, several normal and all the anemic rats were switched to an adenine-enriched (0.6%) diet to induce renal damage. Groups of anemic-uremic animals were treated with oral (ferric citrate, FC and ferrous sulfate, FS) or intravenous (ferric carboxymaltose, FCx) Fe at a dose of 9 mg/kg for 5 weeks. Hematological and mineral metabolism parameters were determined at sacrifice. All experimental protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the University of Córdoba.

 Plasma and serum biochemistries are shown in Table 1. CKD per se was associated with derangements in hematological parameters. The presence of Fe deficiency-induced anemia further decreased these parameters, being statistically significant in the case of serum Fe (P = 0.003). Iron therapy improved hematocrit, hemoglobin, and Fe levels, although statistical significance for all of them was only reached when FC was administered (P = 0.012, P = 0.038, and P = 0.002, respectively). As expected, CKD rats exhibited disturbances in mineral metabolism. Interestingly, uremic and anemic rats showed higher intact (P = 0.039) and c-terminal (P = 0.048) FGF23 levels when compared with CKD group. Despite normalization of serum Fe, intact FGF23 further increased following administration of FS (P = 0.022), and same trend was observed with all the compounds. However, cFGF23 levels remained unchanged in all the Fe-treated groups.

 The presence of Fe-induced anemia in an experimental model of CKD is associated with further increases in the levels of both intact and c-terminal FGF23. Thus, other factors distinct than serum Fe might influence FGF23 levels. Our results support the need for investigating the precise mechanisms underlying the relationship between Fe and FGF23 to optimize the clinical management of anemia, particularly in the context of renal dysfunction.