Abstract Banana is second largest produced fruit of total world's fruits. Cooking banana or plantains processing industry is generating enormous amount of waste in the form of unripe banana peel at one place, thus important to study waste management and utilization. Therefore, unripe banana peel was investigated for ethanol production. This study involved chemical characterization, optimization of acid hydrolysis, selection of yeast strain and optimization of fermentative production of ethanol from dried unripe banana peel powder (DUBPP). Ethanol concentration was determined using gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Characterization of DUBPP revealed notably amount of starch (41% w/w), cellulose (9.3% w/w) and protein (8.4% w/w). 49.2% w/w of reducing sugar was produced by acid hydrolysis of DUBPP at optimized conditions. Three yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were screened for ethanol conversion efficiency, osmotolerance, ethanol tolerance, thermotolerance, fermentation ability at high temperature and sedimentation rate. Further, fermentation conditions were optimized for maximum ethanol production from acid hydrolysate of DUBPP. At optimized fermentation conditions, 35.5 g/l ethanol was produced using selected strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3095. Hence, unripe banana peel waste can be good feedstock for ethanol production.


It is true that the public sector is organic so its degradation is inevitable. Therefore, the continuous review and improvement is the direction for public and private sectors around the world to go lest an organization be doomed to stagnate or wither away. The purpose of this article is to investigate the application of total quality management (TQM) on Taiwan's public professional training institutions; further to redefine a better management for them to keep the active vigor and growth. To avoid the discrepancy between theory and practices, many papers are widely collected concerning the institutional system, character, training category and TQM applications in the world; moreover, such areas as TQM definition and its actual performances and restrictions are the focuses of this article.


Recently I had the opportunity to experience first-hand an example of the use of a radioactive tracer in medicine. A mole in an early stage of malignancy needed to be removed from above my left eyebrow.


Quinolones is a synthetic of containing 4-quinolone as basic structure,which have selective inhibitory effect on bacterial DNA gyrase.It is a DNA gyrase inhibitor,interfering with DNA despiralization super spiral structure,preventing replication of DNA,and renders the bactericidal effect,so it is a slow effect of fungicides on the classification.This paper synthesize the mechanism of quinolone resistance and its research progress by retrieving related literature.


The Ricci dark energy is a model inspired by the holographic dark energy models with the dark energy density being proportional to Ricci scalar curvature. Here, this model is studied in the bumblebee gravity theory. It is a gravitational theory that exhibit spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking. Then, the modified Friedmann equation is solved for two cases. In the first case, the coupling constant [Formula: see text] is equal to zero and in the second case a solution in the vacuum, where the bumblebee field becomes a constant that minimizes the potential, is considered. The coupling constant controls the interaction gravity-bumblebee.


Reactive chromatography is an attractive method for chemical synthesis because chemical reactions and product separation occur simultaneously in the same unit. In this work, the synthesis of triacetine, starting from glycerol and acetic acid, using reactive chromatography on acidic polymeric resins is investigated. The study proceeds first to the characterization of the adsorption equilibria of the involved multicomponent mixtures and then to the study of the kinetics of the relevant reactions using a batch reactor. Next, the separation−reaction process is investigated using a fixed-bed chromatographic column. The obtained data are compared with the predictions of a mathematical model, whose kinetic and equilibrium parameters were estimated from the batch experiments mentioned above. It is shown that, although this synthesis requires three steps in series, the chromatographic reactor can produce high-purity (i.e., food-grade) triacetine with high conversions. It is found that the presence of water in the ...


denied or concealed by this creed. Western civilization had so far relied on •lites for cukural development, and despite the rejection of Europe the Americans remained in part Euro can p ß The book closes with an assessment of the impact of American landscape on cultural patterns. "The ,d, ynamics ofAmerican development must include the relation of man to earth.' This relation has been hard for Americans to express. Professor Jones feels that the limitations of stylistic onvention have prevented its expression. This seems too simple. From the first days of settlement Americans had to see their land as an object of exploitation. The relation was always a commercial one, surely an inhibition on artistic awareness. The treatment of the West and its importance in American culture restates in cultural terms the thesis wh/ch Turner stated in the economic vocabulary appropriate to his time. The West and the awareness of space form part of the self-image of Americans, no matter what numbers of the "city proletariat" were actually •Tee to se51e there. The American people are aware of themselves in the dimension ofspace and not in the dirneusion of time. We are left eagerly awaiting the development of American culture in the context of the nineteenth century which is promised for the second volume of this work.


Theodore R. Madden, lifelong professor of geophysics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), fascinated with all things electromagnetic, ingenious in bridging theory with experiment, AGU Fellow, and a geophysicist's geophysicist, died on 11 November 2013 at age 88. A special symposium and memorial (http://eapsweb.mit.edu/news/2014/madden-memorial) was held at MIT on 14 March 2014 on the occasion of his birthday. At that time, Frank Press, former president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, said, "Ted Madden and his students put geophysics on the map at MIT."


This paper proposes an application of Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) to Reactive Power Planning (RPP) using Combining Multi-objective optimization with Improved Differential Evolution (CMIDE). FVSI is used to identify the weak buses for the Reactive Power Planning problem which involves process of experimental by voltage stability analysis based on the load variation. The point at which Fast Voltage Stability Index close to unity indicates the maximum possible connected load and the bus with minimum connected load is identified as the weakest bus at the point of bifurcation. The proposed approach has been used in the IEEE 30-busand 72 bus Indian utility systems. The result obtained by the proposed algorithm are found to be better than Differential Evolution(DE) and other algorithms reported in literature in terms of reduction in system losses and improvement of voltage stability with the use of Fast Voltage Stability Index combining Multi-objective Reactive Power Planning with Improved Differential Evolution.


NASA's New Horizons mission performed the first flyby of a small Kuiper Belt Object (KBO), (486958) Arrokoth on 1 January 2019. The fast flyby revealed a fascinating, flattened, contact binary replete with a variety of unexpected geologic terrains. However, the irregular shape and constraints imposed by the fast flyby makes it a challenge to understand these features. Here we use the latest New Horizons shape models of Arrokoth to investigate its geophysical environment, including its surface slopes, gravity field, and moments of inertia—which are critical context for understanding Arrokoth's formation, evolution, and peculiar geology. We find that Arrokoth's surface features have a complicated relationship to its geophysical environment. For example, bright material tends to be concentrated in geopotential lows (like the neck), consistent with mass wasting—however, this trend is not consistently observed across Arrokoth. Mass wasting may naturally explain some aspects of Arrokoth's geology, but the actual dynamics of material transport may be complicated owing to Arrokoth's unique shape, spin‐rate, and inferred density. While New Horizons's fast and distant flyby precluded directly measuring Arrokoth's mass, we used techniques previously pioneered for comets and asteroids to infer its density. We find that Arrokoth has a low bulk density of ρ = 235 kg/m3 (1σ range: 155–600 kg/m3). This density is low compared to previously explored small bodies, but is comparable to comets, select binary KBOs, and the ring‐moons of Saturn. This low density may be a critical data‐point for understanding the formation of planetesimals at the dawn of the Solar System.


To test the hypothesis that a 50‐g oral glucose challenge test with 1‐h glucose measurement would have superior performance compared with other opportunistic screening methods.


Experimental measurements have been conducted giving a complete survey of the acoustic field from a point source in a three‐dimensional shallow‐water environment. The measurements have been conducted over a 1/10 000th scale model of the Santa Lucia Escarpment off the coast of California. The results of the experiment show three‐dimensional propagation effects and areas of modal cutoff in the shallow‐water regions. In addition, a discontinuity in the acoustic field was observed for propagation over a joint in the model. This observation has implications for localizing changes in seafloor composition from propagation measurements. Numerical predictions of the acoustic field for selected tracks in the survey show good agreement with the experimental results. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research, Ocean Acoustics Program.]


With a view toward the heritage of North American Industry, A Bibliographic Guide to North American Industry: History, Health, and Hazardous Waste provides recommended readings in historical and contemporary literature related to the origins of specific industries, the health and safety issues they face, and how they manage waste and prevent pollution.


Achilles and Thetis with the figure carrying the shield as a Nereid and the woman playing a lyre as Deidamia, Achilles' first love and the mother of Neoptolemus. Holding to the Achillean theme, the old man in Naples becomes Achilles' mentor, Phoenix, and the figures in strange hats (which have usually been seen as Macedonian crowns) are Achilles himself and his slave girl Diomede. While one has some sympathy with M.'s scepticism about the frescoes as imitations of Macedonian history paintings, it must be said that M.'s own offering is no more certain than many included in the list of earlier interpretations in Appendix II. The final volume addresses a famous first-century A.D. fresco fragment discovered on the Esquiline in Rome in the early seventeenth century. Long in the possession of the Aldobrandini family in Rome but in the Vatican since 1818, this painting has been universally interpreted as a marriage scene and is called the 'Aldobrandini Wedding'. M. is effective in his assault on the view that the iconography does represent a wedding, though I find him less convincing in his case that it depicts an unusual version of the myth of Phaedra and Hippolytus, a kind of non-literal commentary on the Euripides play. Despite one's doubts about some of M.'s more forthright interpretations, the series of volumes as a whole is a most welcome addition to the bibliography of Roman art. M. is rightly and admirably sceptical; his own arguments are always advanced with a mass of visual and literary parallels some of which are compelling. Moreover, the books are exemplary of their type—very well produced, annotated and illustrated. Nonetheless, one somewhat regrets the move in recent years from publishing discussions of single monuments in monographic journal articles to their publication as perhaps over-extensive books.


Presents the concept of total product,which consists of core layers,form Layers and service layers,and obtains a product innovation competence through vector adding by using comparative computation method to define three components of the competence,namely function innovation component,form innovation component and service innovation component.


How much of what drug for whom?1 Good habits of mind are encouraged when the physician asks these questions before prescribing a drug. Two articles concerning antiarrhythmic drugs in this issue of ...


1.Introduction The water jet is characterized with a water column spouting supersonically in air.The water jet technology has been grown in the fields of civil engineering and construction,materials processing,and so on.Since the water of liquid at room temperature is easily carried into a processing space and taken out there after processing.If other materials with high melting points can be melted and jetted,they should be left in processed area due to solidification after processing.The authors had studied the electrothermal explosion of refractory ceramic powders and applied to thermal spray coatings.This technique employs powder particles of electrically conductive materials,and such powder is charged into an electrical insulation tube.High-voltage electric breakdown and large-current rapid heating in the powder cause the electrothermal explosion followed by jetting of the content. The phenomenon of such electrothermal explosion has been investigated by the authors,and they reported that even refractory ceramic powders with melting point of3000K can be melted into fine molten particles under proper condition,and that they are sprayed and deposit of high density on substrates without any sintering agents.Thus the ceramic jets have been interested in the application to thermal spray coatings. Most metal boride and nitride ceramics have the resistance of thermal phase transition, corrosion,and frictional wear.However,in general,such refractory ceramics with melting points over3000K are hard sintered without agents and then it is difficult to produce dense coatings of only the ceramics in order to exhibit their inherent properties.In addition,physical deposition onto


Pratylenchuspseudofallaxn. sp. from the rhizosphere of apple (Malus silvestrislis described and illustrated. The new species comes from the temperate region of southern Brazil and is characterized by its three lip annules and presence of males. It differs from the three most related species ( P . penetrans, P. subpenetrans and P. fallax) by the shorter stylet, deeper body annulation and deeper crenation of the external incisures of the lateral field in the caudal region, which frequently extends to the whole body. P. ps ud fallax n. sp. differs further from P. penetrans by the smooth or crenate terminus, lower percentage of males and shape of the spermatheca. From P. fallax by the non-cellular terminus of the post-uterine sac and shape of spermatheca. From P. subpenetrans by the smooth or crenate terminus, lower percentage of males, bigger body length and by the shape of the spicules of the males. An actualized key to the genus is proposed, including 54 species validated till 1986 and P. pseudofallax n. sp.


The minimum rank of a graph G is the minimum of the ranks of all symmetric adjacency matrices of G. We present a new combinatorial bound for the minimum rank of an arbitrary graph G based on enumerating certain subsets of vertices of G satisfying matroid theoretic properties. We also present some computational and theoretical challenges associated with computing the minimum rank. This includes a conjecture that this bound on the minimum rank actually holds with equality for all graphs.


A review of protocols and staging of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) used in clinical practice is done in the article. CPET is proposed to assess the functional status and to diagnose early reserve abnormalities in patients with sarcoidosis as far as functional tests at rest are mostly insuffi-cient in sarcoidosis. Physiological processes at anaerobic threshold at peak exercise are described in the article. The authors reviewed current appro-737


Objectives
Compare the usual intake of food patterns components to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) by demographics for adults age 51 and older.

Methods
This analysis is based on 24-hr recalls from 4736 individuals age 51 and older from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016 (WWEIA, NHANES). It uses the Food Patterns Equivalents Databases for 2013-2014 and 2015-2016. These databases contain the amounts of Food Patterns components for each food and beverage reported by each WWEIA, NHANES respondent. Usual intake distributions of selected food patterns components are estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. These distributions are then compared to the energy-specific recommendations in the DGA as appropriate for each respondent, based on age, sex, and physical activity level. The NHANES Physical Activity Questionnaire is used to classify respondents as sedentary, moderately active, or active.

Results
When estimating the Food Patterns component of total protein foods, the mean usual intake ± SE in ounce equivalents for adults age 51 and older, men had significantly higher intake than women (7.3 ± .13 vs 5.1 ± .10 (P < 0.001). The mean usual intake for adults age 71 and older was less than for those age 51-70 (P < 0.001) regardless of sex, race/ethnicity or income (P < 0.001). When considering the energy specific recommendation for total protein foods for adults 51 years and over, women were more likely than men to not meet their recommendation, 57% vs 38% (P < 0.001). Further, women age 71 and older were more likely to not meet their recommendation compared to those age 51-70 (70% vs 52%, P < 0.001), with the differences significant regardless of race/ethnicity and income (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Overall, there are large percentages of adults age 51 and older who failed to meet the DGA recommendations for total protein foods. Comparing usual intake of older adults shows differences between men and women and by age, race/ethnicity, and income.

Funding Sources
ARS, USDA.


The Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) have been exploited in various industrial applications in order to improve the productivity and reduce the cost. Recently, today's diverse industrial fields such as manufacturing, automotive and logistics demand the cooperation of both the static nodes and mobile nodes in order to foster better efficient industrial environment. However, the existing industrial wireless sensor networks standards have been focused on the network where consist of the static nodes only. Thus, the performance of the current standards would be reduced in the environments with mobile nodes. The movement of the mobile node causes the network changes and a path related to the mobile node would be disconnected until the network adapts to the changes. This phenomenon leads to loss of the data and the command, finally, it brings about a critical problem in the industrial environment where requires high-reliability and high-exactitude. To solve the problem, we propose the routing graph construction for minimizing of the network changes from the mobile nodes. The proposed method constructs the graph by distinguishing between the static node and the mobile node. To construct the graph, a skeleton graph constructed consists of the static nodes, and the mobile nodes are grafted on the graph. This is achieved that minimizing the effect of the network change and reduce the number of the disconnected path. The proposed method could be adapted to the various standards which exploit the graph for the routing. In this paper, we adapt the proposed method to the WirelessHART standard. Through the simulation result, we verify that the proposed method would reduce the damage of the network changes from the mobile node rather than the current WirelessHART standard.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline the application of a Six Sigma (SS) methodology as a means of reducing supply chain risk in aerospace maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO) functions. In this contribution the LSS method is used to estimate the economic impact on the selection of the most appropriate maintenance strategy pertaining to aircraft display units (DUs) as well as providing a reduction in turn round time (TRT) variation of the DUs. Design/methodology/approach – The paper develops a SS approach which includes the development of the Monte Carlo technique as a mechanism to identify the most cost effective MRO strategy whilst simultaneously reducing variability in TRT servicing of the DUs. This application enabled the authors to obtain further proof of concept and also to apply a number of focused quality improvement techniques to systematically reduce TRT variation. Findings – An effective development of the SS approach is proposed and the effectiveness of the method is subsequently...


Machine for recovering energy from a flow of compressed gas, the hosted machine being in a pipe section (14) forming part of a pipe, the machine comprising, firstly, a turboexpander (2) having unarueda turboexpander (6 ) and, secondly, a generator (4) having a rotor (10) and a stator (12), pudiendoser the rotor driven by the turbo-expander wheel, wherein the front side (7) of the turbo-expander wheel (6) it is oriented toward the generator (4), wherein the outer surface of the stator (12) comprises aletasde cooling (44) and because there is a conduit unthrottled for the flow of expanded gas putting ladoanverso (7) of the turbo-expander wheel (6) in fluid communication with gas the outer surface of the stator (12), the turbo-expander wheel (6) having a radial inflow.


The majority of Pagung villagers are livestock farmers, especially cows. However, the lack of livestock breeding causes the community to rearrange simply and result in a lack of environmental concern from livestock waste in the form of feces. Pemuda Pagung village majority of junior high school so difficult to find decent work and many are unemployed. The PKM-M team provides innovation to establish an entrepreneurial youth group with mix farming system with the aim of solving the economic, social and environmental problems of the community. Using the training assistance as much as 11 times for 3 months able to form a village youth group "Tunas Harapan". Through this program, the PKM-M team is able to provide an entrepreneurial venue for village youth and at the same time to reduce environmental problems from feces by processing faeces into compost, catfish maintenance, and vegetable planting.


Actinobacillus
 (A.) pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a disease of
 economic importance occurring worldwide. The disease is characterized by
 hemorrhagic and necrotizing lung lesions in combination with a fibrinous to fibrous
 pleuritis. The pathogen's ability to survive on respiratory epithelia,
 in tonsils, and in the anaerobic environment of encapsulated sequesters is of
 epidemiological importance, as it leads to clinically healthy carrier
 animals. In the
 present study two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used in
 combination with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to identify A. pleuropneumoniae
 proteins upregulated in an ex vivo model upon induction with
 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Among these proteins, the aspartate
 ammonia-lyase (aspartase) was further characterized. This enzyme is involved
 in the production of fumarate, an alternative electron acceptor under
 anaerobic conditions. It has been previously demonstrated that deletion of
 the anaerobic DMSO reductase gene (dmsA), likewise involved in
 anaerobic respiration, results in attenuation in acute disease. The gene
 coding for aspartase, aspA was cloned and shown to be present in all A.
 pleuropneumoniae serotype reference strains. The transcriptional start
 point was identified downstream of a putative FNR (HlyX) binding motif, and
 HlyX-dependency of aspartase upregulation under anaerobic conditions was
 confirmed using an HlyX-mutant. BALF-dependent activation of aspA was
 confirmed by construction of an isogenic A. pleuropneumoniae mutant
 carrying a chromosomal aspA::luxAB transcriptional fusion. Two aspA
 deletion mutants, A. pleuropneumoniae ∆aspA and A.
 pleuropneumoniae ∆aspA∆dmsA were constructed,
 both showing reduced growth under anaerobic conditions in vitro. Pigs
 challenged with either of the two mutants in an aerosol infection model
 showed a lower lung lesion score compared to the A. pleuropneumoniae
 wild type (wt) controls. Pigs challenged with A. pleuropneumoniae
 ∆aspA∆dmsA had a significantly lower clinical
 score, and this mutant was rarely reisolated from unaltered lung
 tissue; in contrast, A. pleuropneumoniae ∆aspA and A.
 pleuropneumoniae wt were consistently reisolated in high numbers. These
 results suggest, that enzymes involved in anaerobic respiration are necessary
 for the pathogen's ability to persist on respiratory tract epithelium and
 play an important role in A. pleuropneumoniae pathogenesis.
 In
 previous studies BALF was shown to induce expression of putatively Fur-regulated
 proteins (HENNIG et al. 1999) , such as TbpB, which is essential for establishment
 of A. pleuropneumoniae infection. The alteration of gene
 expression in response to iron restriction in various bacteria is known to be
 largely mediated by the ferric uptake regulator Fur. To further investigate
 the role of Fur in BALF-induced expression of A. pleuropneumoniae
 proteins, the isogenic in-frame deletion mutant A. pleuropneumoniae
 ∆fur was constructed. This mutant showed growth deficiencies on
 PPLO agar plates and in liquid medium under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
 Further, the mutant did not grow on selective agar containing bacitracin;
 this effect was abolished by addition of an iron chelator to the selective
 agar, thereby implying that sensitivity to this antibiotic depends on iron
 availability. Expression of transferrin-binding proteins in A.
 pleuropneumoniae ∆fur was investigated, and it could be
 demonstrated, that iron-mediated repression of these proteins depends on Fur.
 To investigate virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae ∆fur, an
 aerosol infection experiment was performed. The mutant was found to be
 significantly attenuated but still able to consistently colonize and cause
 both clinical disease and lung lesions. This clearly demonstrates the
 importance of Fur-mediated gene regulation for A. pleuropneumoniae
 virulence.
 In order
 to identify additional BALF-induced proteins that might belong to the Fur
 regulon, a differential proteome analysis of surface-associated protein
 preparations of A. pleuropneumoniae wt grown under standard
 conditions and after induction with BALF were compared to A.
 pleuropneumoniae ∆fur. Five of the twelve proteins
 upregulated by BALF were also found to be upregulated in A. pleuro-pneumoniae ∆fur.
 Of these five proteins four could be identified by mass spectrometry as the
 heat shock chaperonine GroES, a binding protein for a putative dipeptide
 transport system, part of a putative metal ion transport system and an
 uncharacterized protein conserved in bacteria, respectively. Upstream of the
 genes coding for the later two, putative Fur boxes were identified. Iron
 supplementation did not influence expression of these proteins, suggesting
 that yet unknown factors in the BALF rather than iron deficiency are
 responsible for the observed upregulation of Fur-regulated proteins in
 BALF-induced cultures. Of the remaining proteins induced by BALF, four could
 be identified; one of these is involved in mRNA stabilization and has been
 previously reported to be important for A. pleuropneumoniae survival
 in the host.
 In
 summary, this study showed that differential proteome analysis can be a
 valuable tool to complement and extend transcriptome studies aimed at
 unravelling molecular mechanisms of bacterial adaptation to different
 environments. In combination with an ex vivo model, this approach was
 successfully used to identify proteins important for A. pleuropneumoniae
 virulence. Members of both the Fur and the HlyX regulon were found to be
 upregulated in the ex vivo model in this study. Future work aimed at a
 comprehensive analysis of both the Fur and the HlyX regulon, possibly by
 employing proteomic methods to A. pleuropneumoniae ∆fur
 and A. pleuropneumoniae ∆hlyX mutants, could
 significantly expand our understanding of the pathways that allow A. pleuropneumoniae
 to survive and persist in the host.


Three kinds of lanthanum oxides (La2O3) were synthesized from different methods and used as a catalyst in the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with glycerol for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GLC). Lanthanum oxide synthesized using a surfactant (S-La) showed a much higher GLC yield of 89.9% compared to other lanthanum oxides synthesized by calcination (C-La) and precipitation (P-La) at the reaction conditions of 90 °C, DMC/glycerol = 2, and catalyst/glycerol = 5 wt %. The best catalyst was obtained when the surfactant/La weight ratio was 12. XRD study revealed that S-La has large amount of monoclinic and hexagonal La2O2CO3 phases, which are assumed as active sites of the catalyst for the reaction.


--Seven morphometric characteristics and weight of males and females of a captive colony of Eastern Screech-Owls (Otus asio) were compared. Females were significantly larger than males in weight, total length, and length of tail, wing and bill. A discriminant function analysis based on weight, wing and tail length correctly identified the sex of 88% of the 77 birds. Identificaci0n del sexo en el Tecolote Nororiental (Otus asio) EXTRACTO.--Se compararon siete caracterlsticas morfomgtricas, y el peso de tecolotes (Otus asio) machos y hembras de una colonia cautiva. Las hembras fueron significativamente mils grandes que los machos en peso, largo total, y largo de la cola, alas y pico. Un anfilisis de funci6n discriminante basado en peso, alas y largo de la cola, identific6 correctamente l sexo en un 88% del total de 77 aves. [Traducci6n de Eudoxio Paredes-Ruiz] Earhart and Johnson (1970), Snyder and Wiley (1976), Mueller (1986) and McGillivray (1987) described sexual dimorphism in owls and noted that this is less pronounced in screech-owls and some other small owls than in many of the larger owls and diurnal birds of prey. Owen (1963a, 1963b) and Marshall (1967) reported screech-owl size variations in association with differences in plumage coloration and geographical ocation. The lack of conspicuous sexual dimorphism makes it difficult to accurately sex Eastern Screech-Owls (Otus asio). We examined sexual dimorphism in a captive colony of Eastern Screech-Owls and used discriminant function analysis (DFA) to determine the most effective combination of characters to distinguish the sex of individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured seven morphological characteristics and weight of 77 live Eastern Screech-Owls that formed the captive breeding colony at Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Details of this colony are provided in Wiemeyer (1987). Most of the screech-owls in this colony are from parent stock originally obtained from Ohio; a few were from Maryland. The sex of each individual was determined by laparoscopy. Measurements of tarsus, ulna, tail and toe follow Baldwin et al. (1931). Total length was measured as the distance from the feathers of the top of the head to the tip of the central tail feather; this measure was taken by placing the owl's head against an angle iron fixed to a ruler. Wing length was measured as the length of the flattened wing from the tip of the longest primary to the anterior surface of the distal end of the radius. Bill length was taken with a caliper from the tip to the base at the frontonasal hinge. Owls were weighed to the nearest 1 g with calibrated Pesola scales. All birds were measured and weighed between 27 February and 3 March 1986. All had hatched in captivity in 1984. Stepwise discriminant function analysis was used to identify the combination of characteristics that provided the highest discrimination between sexes. Data were standardized following SPSSx procedures prior to entry. All statistical analyses followed SPSSx routines (Noruses 1985). Default criteria were used throughout and Mahalonobis was the selected method for stepwise discriminant function analysis. The critical level for all tests was c• -0.05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Significant differences between sexes occurred in weight, total length, length of wing and tail, and bill size (Table 1). Weight showed the most obvious difference between sexes. Average weight was 18.2% greater in females than in males, which is generally consistent with weight differences reported by Earhart and Johnson (1970), VanCamp and Henny (1975) and Wiemeyer (1987). Female total length averaged 4.0% greater, and tail length 6.0% greater than males. Ulna, right middle toe and tarsus lengths showed the least variation between females and males.


An analytical procedure to extract the surface recombination velocity of the SiO/sub 2//n-type silicon interface, S/sub p/, from PCD measurements of emitter recombination currents is described. The analysis shows that the extracted values of S/sub p/ are significantly affected by the assumed material parameters for highly doped silicon, /spl tau//sub p/, /spl mu//sub p/ and /spl Delta/E/sub g//sup app/. Updated values for these parameters are used to obtain the dependence of S/sub p/ on the phosphorus concentration, N/sub D/, using both previous and new experimental data. The new evidence supports the finding that S/sub p/ increases strongly with N/sub D/.


This paper discusses recent basic, high‐frequency, bottom‐backscattering research conducted in conjunction with sediment‐classification projects and the ONR bottom scattering research projects, KauaiEx and SAX04. This work has a bearing on statistical analyses and bottom change detection relevant to the detection of objects on or near the bottom in shallow water. The research discussed here includes the analyses of data from three surveys made between 2002 and 2004. The primary contributions of this work are based on the use of probability density functions (PDFs) of the backscatter signals to specify the various regimes of bottom sediments and to detect spatial changes in these regimes based on chi‐square and other tests applied to these PDFs. A simple, quantitative test for non‐Rayleighness of a PDF was also applied. [This work was supported by the ONR.]


The carbohydrate composition of an IgA (a, subtype) myeloma protein has been determined. The carbohydrate, present only on the heavy chain, was found to consist of 3 moles of sialic acid, 9 mole of galactose, 5.4 moles of mannose, 0.8 moles of fucose, 8.8 moles of N-acetylglucosamine, and 5 moles of N-acetylgalactosamine per mole of heavy chain. Four major glycopeptide-containing fractions were isolated following pronase degradation of the protein. Glycopeptide I consisted of galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, threonine, serine, and proline in the molar ratio 4:s :4:5 :9. Each of the N-acetylgalactosamine residues was found to be involved in an 0-glycosidic linkage, demonstrating that there are five 0-glycosidically linked oligosaccharide units per heavy chain. The structure of this glycopeptide is presented in the following paper (BAENZIGER, J., AND KORNFELD, S. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 7270-7281. The three other glycopeptide fractions contained 1 to 2 residues of sialic acid, 0 to 0.7 residue of fucose, 2 residues of galactose, 3 residues of mannose, 4 to 5 residues of Nacetylglucosamine, and 1 residue of asparagine. Glycopeptide IIA was a homogeneous glycopeptide with the following structure:


OBJECTIVE: To describe the establishment and utilization of an interdisciplinary Behavior Management Program in a Transitional Care Unit as a new model of Geriatrics Practice.


The invention discloses a coiled material steel bar grouting connector, and belongs to the field of a preassembled building structure in the civil engineering. The coiled material steel bar grouting connector comprises a coiled material, expansive mortar and a support frame, wherein the coiled material is a soft coiled building material; the support frame is provided with transverse and/or longitudinal stress bars; the expansive mortar is connected with steel bars; the coiled material is wound around the outer surface of the support frame; and the expansive mortar is injected into the coiled material. The coiled material steel bar grouting connector can be used for connecting steel bars between assembled components. The coiled material steel bar grouting connector can be arranged at a connecting joint part of the assembled components in the engineering, can bear the axial tension generated by building components under the load effect, and can enable the building material at the joint part to be subjected to coordinate deformation. The coiled material steel bar grouting connector has the advantages that the structural form is simple and free; the mechanical property is reliable; the installation is convenient and fast; the industrialization can be realized; and the coiled material steel bar grouting connector has wide engineering application prospects.


Crude estimation of the selection probability ratio (SPR), described previously, was extended to stratified and multivariateestimation and used to assess selection bias in a case-control study of renal adenocarcinoma. I t was shown that the directly pooledestimate of the SPR, using the same weights as the directly pooled estimate of the exposure odds ratio (OR) from the case-controlstudy (assuming the OR and SPR are common to all strata and data are abundant), can be multiplied with the OR to yield anadjusted OR that is free from selection bias. Medical records of 548 interviewed cases were compared with 640 noninterviewedcases, and interviews at 640 controls were compared with mailed questionnaires from 272 (60%) of the noninterviewed controls.Age-sex-adjusted point estimates of SPRs ranged from 0.65 to 1.4. Multivariate estimates from binomial regression ranged from0.34 to 2.0. Higher socioeconomic status and history of renal stones were predictors of participation by both cases and controls.Obesity in women, hypertension, and nonsmoking were predictors in cases only. Heart disease was associated with controlparticipation and case nonparticipation. This study cast doubt on the OR for obesity in women and hypertension in the


9507 Background: We sought to elucidate the relationship between the human adult mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC), Wnt signaling and sarcomagenesis.

METHODS
In vitro hMSC differentiation, microarray gene expression analysis, distance correlation analysis, and standard molecular biology techniques were used to explore the role of Wnt in controlling the differentiation of both hMSCs and high grade undifferentiated sarcoma (HGUS; MFH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma), a common form of adult soft tissue sarcoma.

RESULTS
We determined that 1) hMSCs appear to be the progenitor cells of HGUS/MFH; 2) Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), a specific inhibitor of Wnt signaling, is overexpressed in MFH as compared to other sarcoma subtypes and is involved in the proliferation of hMSCs; 3) in hMSCs, Dkk1 levels decline and nuclear β-catenin accumulates as hMSCs reach confluence, a prerequisite for initiation of in vitro differentiation, while in an MFH cell line Dkk1 levels do not decline and there is no nuclear β-catenin accumulation; 3) MFH cells appear to be primed for differentiation and express early markers of mesenchymal differentiation, then undergo apoptosis, if nuclear β-catenin is manipulated to enter the nucleus; 4) Wnt2 signals via the canonical β-catenin pathway and is responsible for "commitment" of hMSC and an MFH cell line to various differentiation pathways, while Wnt5a signals via the non-canonical JNK pathway in preventing apoptosis upon appropriate commitment toward differentiation.

CONCLUSIONS
We identified the contribution of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in the differentiation of hMSCs and showed that enhancing signaling via these pathways could be exploited as a potential target for therapy for high grade undifferentiated sarcomas. These data implicate Wnt-signaling as a mechanism of tumor suppression in early sarcomagenesis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


An analysis for the cross-flow heat exchanger is conducted for electronic cooling applications, with the design goal of dissipating 175W from high power chip by maintaining the chip temperature within 85 °C in a compact space. Liquid to liquid heat exchanger in cross flow arrangement is preferred due to its compact size and high effectiveness. A volume averaging formulation is developed to determine the heat transfer coefficient at the unit cell level. The effects of channel shape, channel size, and heat exchanger material are examined through the heat transfer in the unit cell model. The obtained heat transfer coefficients are also used for the estimation of the heat exchanger thermal performance based on the effectiveness-NTU method. To verify the volume averaging formulation, a full field heat and fluid flow over the cross-flow heat exchangers are investigated through numerical computation. The amount of heat exchanged is extracted and compared with the unit cell model prediction. A fairly good agreement is obtained between the two approaches. Fabrication of cross-flow heat exchanger is further discussed to meet the design target.Copyright © 2016 by ASME


A decade ago, experimental observations indicated that the repulsion between particles contained within a vesicle is a factor that induces the transformation of the vesicle. Recently, such a deformation was investigated in detail by means of the numerical simulation, whereas the division of a vesicle has never been realized. Its physical mechanism is not clear. In the present paper, a division rule is thermodynamically studied using the free energy including repulsion between polystyrene spheres. The number of daughter vesicles is given as a function of the ratio of osmotic pressure to surface energy.


— Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a useful technique for characterizing chiral molecules. It is more sensitive than total absorption to molecule conformation, and it is routinely used to identify enantiomers. We present here absorption and CD spectra within the Time Dependent (TD) B3LYP approximation in c-GlyPhe, a cyclo-dipeptide containing an aromatic group. Results from codes in localized basis-set (Orca and MolGW) are carefully compared with the novel TDB3LYP implementation we developed in the Yambo code, that uses a plane-wave basis set.


The invention provides a novel daclatasvir crystal form and a preparing method thereof. Specifically, the di-tosilate, diphosphonate and di-hydrobromide of crystalline daclatasvir are disclosed. The novel crystal form has a good physicochemical property, and quality control and preparation application of daclatasvir are facilitated.


In tobacco plants reacting hypersensitively to pathogen infection, localized acquired resistance (LAR) is induced in a sharp zone surrounding hypersensitive response (HR) lesions. Using a fungal glycoprotein inducing HR and LAR when infiltrated at 50 nM into tobacco leaves, we have shown previously that a plant signal(s) is released by HR cells and diffuses to induce LAR. Here we address two questions: does LAR occur when HR is not induced, and is salicylic acid the (or one of the) mobile LAR signal? We found that application to tobacco leaves of 0.25 nM glycoprotein triggered defense responses without HR and without an H2O2 burst. The analyzed responses include changes in expression of O-methyltransferase (OMT), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylCoA reductase, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, and changes in levels of the signal salicylic acid. No defense responses and no increased resistance to tobacco mosaic virus infection were found beyond the elicitor-infiltrated tissue, providing strong evidence that the...


The use of digital controls in marine gas turbine propulsion has not been as widespread as in other applications. Although these controls have been used in marine applications such as gas turbine electric and water jet drive systems, digital controls have not been applied to a gas turbine direct drive application. This paper describes the use of digital control technology in a marine direct drive application.Copyright © 1999 by ASME


Building conceptual models is an increasingly important part of information systems development. It is well-known that, for a given set of data requirements, multiple data models can be designed. From both theoretical and practical viewpoint, it is relevant to define whether these models can be considered equivalent. Therefore, we describe an approach based on formally defining the term schema equivalence indicating that two data models contain the same information; a schema is considered dominant if it contains the same or more information than another schema.


A system has been developed for rapid screening of 2,3,7,8-Tetra-ChloroDibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD). The system uses a competitive inhibition Enzyme ImmunoAssay (EIA) based on a mouse monoclonal antibody which is specific for TCDD and related congeners. Sample preparation can be performed with a programmable automated extraction and cleanup system which uses disposable Teflon clad columns. The extraction and cleanup system has been extensively validated by GC-MS for a variety of sample types. The sample preparation system allows immunoassay analysis of soil, serum, water, and other matrices by taking each sample type to the same sample preparation endpoint. Concentration factors and endpoint conditions are completely flexible and programmable. Immunoassay analysis is performed by the addition of a prepared sample extract in organic solvent to an antibody coated microwell containing an aqueous sample diluent. This is mixed and incubated for 30 minutes to allow the immobilized antibody to capture analyte from the sample. The liquid is then removed and the well is washed to remove unbound materials. The well is then incubated with a competitor-HRP conjugate capable of binding specifically to the antibody sites not occupied by TCDD. After 30 minutes, the unbound conjugate is washed away and enzyme substrate is added for colormore » development. The color generated is directly related to the amount of competitor-HRP bound in the second step, which is inversely related to the amount of analyte bound in the first step. After 30 minutes, a stop solution is added and the developed color is read on a microplate reader. The total time required for the EIA analysis of a prepared extract is less than 2 hours.« less


Electron beam physical-vapor-deposited Y_2O_3-stabilized ZrO_2 thermal barrier coating (TBC) samples were indented from room temperature to 900 °C using an instrumented high-temperature vacuum displacement-sensitive indenter. Hardness and elastic modulus were determined from the load–displacement curves recorded during indentation. Both the hardness and the elastic modulus of the TBCs were much lower than those of dense ceramics of a similar composition; this is attributed to the increased compliance that results from the porous columnar microstructure of the TBCs. In addition, the TBCs showed an unusual absence of elastic recovery at the residual indents compared to the dense ceramics.


This research challenges William Julius Wilson's (1980) postulation that social class has superseded race in predicting economic outcomes among African Americans. Among the evidence Wilson used to support his claim was the strong position of black degree holders, particularly women. Shortly after the publication of The Declining Significance of Race, however, the United States experienced a severe recession and slow recovery, contributing to a marked growth in the black-white wage gap among women. Young black women were particularly hard hit. Over the 1980s, their cumulative work experience became increasingly correlated with educational attainment, leading to an absolute loss in experience among less educated black women. Although black degree holders were able to keep pace in cumulative work experience, their wage trajectories flattened over their twenties, relative to both a previous cohort and young white degree holders. The declining relative work experience and wage erosion of young black women during the 1980s does not bode wellfor young black women weathering the 2007-2009 recession. Initial indicators find an increase in the black-white wage gap and disproportionate growth in the length of unemployment spells among young black women, particularly degree holders. The losses sustained by young black degree holders during two severe recessions and their inability to regain ground during subsequent recoveries challenge Wilson's thesis that educational attainment and social class can insulate African Americans from racial inequality.


N-Propargylanabasine derivatives bearing various substituents at the carbon atom of the alkyne fragment were obtained by the reaction of anabasine hydrochloride with terminal alkynes and paraformaldehyde. The reaction proceeded with retention of the C(2) chiral center in anabasine fragment. The by-products of the reaction, including 1,3-diacetylene (the products of dimerization of alkynes) and conjugated vinylacetylenes (the rearrangement products of the Mannich adducts) were isolated and characterized.


The year 2005 was a significant one for Irish documentary, marking the release of one of the most important non-fiction films ever seen on the island. Unfortunately, it was actually made in 1968. The re-release of Peter Lennon's Rocky Road to Dublin marked the climax of years of struggle for this disgracefully neglected film. Made in a whirlwind of camera stylo with the help of American financier Victor Herbert and acclaimed nouvelle vague cameraman Raoul Coutard, Lennon's avowedly personal, angry assault on the stagnation of the Irish nation under the twin yokes of Church and State was both condemned and repressed on its original release. Shown at the Cannes Film Festival in 1968 but only reluctantly screened at the Cork Film Festival the same year, the film received only limited distribution in Ireland until 2005. Its strident posing of the disturbing question "What do you do with your revolution once you have it?" found favour with the French in May 1968, and had the film hailed "one of the three or four most beautiful documents the cinema has given us" in Cahiers du Cinema. It was also held a revolutionary masterpiece by the striking students behind the barricades of Paris. This only further fuelled suspicion at home and the film was branded communist propaganda. The theatrical and later DVD release of Rocky Road to Dublin in 2005 met with considerably more favourable press in an Ireland now freed of the psychic grip of the Church in the wake of scandals including that involving Fr. Michael Cleary, a Catholic Priest who appeared in Lennon's film extolling the virtues of celibacy when, in fact, he was in a sexual relationship with his housekeeper, who later bore him a son. The film received strong notices both in Ireland and the UK and brought its maker belated, but great satisfaction that his work was finally being seen by the wide audience it had always deserved. However, no documentary film made in Ireland in 2005 could come close to matching the sense of excitement of Rocky Road to Dublin. Of the feature documentaries produced in the year, probably the most high profile were Haughey and The Asylum, both shown over four weeks. Haughey, made by the independent Mint Productions, was a chronicle of the life and career of one of the country's most controversial political figures, former Taoiseach Charles J. Haughey. Though a major political force throughout much of his career, including the early days of Irish television when his desire to control his representation led to a clash between the national broadcaster, RTE, and the government led by his father-inlaw Sean Lemass, Haughey went down in flames in the 1990s with a series of scandalous revelations surrounding the misuse of State resources. Though the immediate storm had long passed by 2005, the series promised an important insight into a figure whose life exemplified many of the darkest aspects of twentieth century Irish politics. In the event, though it drew the highest ever viewing figures for a documentary on Irish television, the series did little more than present a basic historical overview, never quite probing the dark heart of the subject or of the nation itself. The Asylum, meanwhile, was a sensitive portrait of St. Ita's Hospital in Portane, Co. Dublin, a mental health care institution whose imposing Victorian setting traditionally evokes cultural memories of bedlam asylums. …


The aim of this study was to compare the body weights, body condition scores, survival and litter weights of lamb produced by pure Welsh Mountain ewes with those of crossbred Cheviot, Lleyn, Poll Dorset and Texel ewes in a hill environment. Ewes were mated to Suffolk rams and recorded over the first 3 seasons of production. Between lambing and weaning, ewes rearing single lambs grazed semi-natural hill swards (1.5 ewes/ha) and those rearing twins grazed improved enclosures (10 ewes/ha). Crossbreeding significantly (P<0.001) increased body weights at all ages, with values for four-year old ewes of 45.9, 57.2, 51.6, 57.8 and 58.5 kg in purebred Welsh Mountain and Cheviot, Lleyn, Poll Dorset and Texel crossbred ewes respectively. Individual lamb growth rates from birth to 8 weeks and from 8 weeks to weaning were significantly higher in the progeny of crossbred ewes (P<0.001) with highest growth rates for lambs reared by Poll Dorset and Texel cross ewes. Individual lamb weaning weights were 27.0, 29.4, 29.2, 30.4 and 30.7 kg for lambs reared by purebred Welsh Mountain and Cheviot, Lleyn, Poll Dorset and Texel crossbred ewes respectively. Survival rates to third mating were 0.77, 0.72, 0.83, 0.75 and 0.73 (P<0.05), litter size reared was 1.22, 1.33, 1.49, 1.43 and 1.25 (P<0.001) and litter weights at weaning were 37.1, 43.5, 46.1, 46.5 and 44.2 (P<0.001) for purebred Welsh Mountain and Cheviot, Lleyn, Poll Dorset and Texel crossbred ewes respectively. Efficiency expressed as kg litter weight / kg ewe pre-tupping weight 0.75 was significantly improved (P<0.001) by crossbreeding. Total litter weight at weaning over three lamb crops per ewe entering the flock was increased from 78.4 kg


Recent HERA data on structure functions and reduced cross-sections are presented and their significance for our understanding of the low-x region is discussed.


A methodology is presented to determine both the short‐term and the long‐term influence of the spectral variations on the performance of multi‐junction (MJ) solar cells and concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules. Component cells with the same optical behavior as MJ solar cells are used to characterize the spectrum. A set of parameters, namely spectral matching ratios (SMRs), is used to characterize spectrally a particular direct normal irradiance (DNI) by comparison to the reference spectrum (AM1.5D‐ASTM‐G173‐03). Furthermore, the spectrally corrected DNI for a given MJ solar cell technology is defined providing a way to estimate the losses associated to the spectral variations. The last section analyzes how the spectrum evolves throughout a year in a given place and the set of SMRs representative for that location are calculated. This information can be used to maximize the energy harvested by the MJ solar cell throughout the year. As an example, three years of data recorded in Madrid shows that losses lower than 5% are expected because of current mismatch for state‐of‐the‐art MJ solar cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Author presents the legal relationship, called co-ownership and the notion of real estate in polish law. In that way he shows, that there is the possibility of arising conflicts connecting with the management of common real estate with ease. The author discusses also the non-contentious proceedings concerning the establishment of management connecting with the co-ownership of real estate. He points to subject of judicial proceedings, important regulations and features of adjudications.


: In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the court's control over porcelain modeling reached a new height, and the shape of Jingdezhen official kiln in the Qing Dynasty was the most innovative in the whole history. Through the study of the shape of the Qing Dynasty official kiln furnishings porcelain, this paper illustrates the characteristics of the innovation of the shape of the Qing Dynasty furnishings porcelain and the factors of its innovation and development, indicating that the shape change of porcelain cannot be separated from the change of human life style and the law of social development. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide some reference for researchers studying the history of ceramic modeling culture, and emphasize the close relationship between ceramic modeling and social development.


HuangYanpei, a famous patriot and educator of nationalism in Chinese modern times, was also the founder of modern professional education of our country. He dedicated himself to education in order to change the backwardness of China. He was affirmed that professional education can be used to benefit the people only in a society of national liberation, democratic equality where the people feel happy. What's more, the effort made in professional education can speed up national liberation and the people's well-being. These theories and practice of educational patriotism are of realistic significance even at present time.


Rationale: Osteosarcoma is a rare neoplasm in the lumbar spine. Although osteosarcoma can arise in any portion of the skeleton, it very rarely arises in the spinal canal, which accounts for <0.1% of all cases of adult sarcomas. Here, we describe a case of osteosarcoma arising in the L4–5 spinal canal. Patient concerns: The present report describes the case of a 55-year-old female patient with osteosarcoma of the L4–5 spinal canal. Diagnoses: The patient was initially diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis and underwent lumbar fusion at a local hospital. At the 4-month follow-up, the patient reported a marked increase in numbness and pain in the lumbar region and lower limbs. Based on magnetic resonance imaging, we diagnosed a postoperative infectious lesion of the lumbar spine. Interventions: The patient underwent surgery for complete removal of the mass lesion. The mass measured 3 × 2.5 × 0.7 cm3 in size and was located in the L4–5 spinal canal. Outcomes: Based on histological and immunohistochemical findings, the diagnosis of osteosarcoma was confirmed by an expert pathology consultant. The patient then received chemotherapy. Postoperative follow-up at 6 months revealed no evidence of recurrent disease or residual side effects from therapy. Lessons: Osteosarcoma in the L4–5 spinal canal is extremely rare and very difficult to distinguish histologically from benign nervous and fibrous tissue. This is a very valuable case, which highlights the need for orthopedic surgeons to consider this when diagnosing patients with spinal tumors.


Thirteen different types of radiometric instruments either were flown in orbit or are scheduled to fly on forthcoming satellites. A fourteenth type, a very high resolution radiometer for geosynchronous altitude, is among several of the others whose development was stressed for the Global Atmospheric Research Program. Characteristics of each radiometric instrument and some applications of the different types of data are discussed.


Ceratonia siliqua L. Fabaceae, commonly known as the carob tree, is native to the eastern Mediterranean countries and its products are widely used in the diet of people living in Mediterranean Europe, Middle East and North Africa. Carobs are considered to be of high nutritional value, as they are virtually fat-free, rich in proteins, antioxidants, vitamins and contain several important minerals. Different types of carob products are available in the local market, such as carob syrup, powder, flour, snack, cream, etc. However, the potential positive health effects of carob-containing products are largely unknown and have not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine significant urine and fecal metabolome alterations in 8 rats treated with carob powder for 15 days as compared to 8 non-treated ones (controls) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and to underly specific metabolites that changed according to the treatment.   Urine and fecal samples were collected in five time points during a 15 day period of treatment with carob powder throughout water consumption (10 g powder / L). A targeted HILIC-UPLC-MS/MS method was applied for the determination of 101 polar metabolites (sugars, amino acids, organic acids, amines, etc) in a single run of 40 min in both rat urine and feces. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Aquity BEH amide column (2.1 x 100 mm, i.d. 1.7 μm); the mobile phase was consisted of A: Acetonitrile:H2O 95:5 v/v (+ 10 mM ammonium formate) and B: H2O:Acetonitrile 70:30 v/v (+10 mM ammonium formate). The solvents flow rate was set at 0.5 mL/min. Mass spectrometry parameters were optimized for each of the 101 pre-selected analytes.   Approximately 55 urinary and fecal metabolites were identified in both specimens. Data were further processed with multivariate (SIMCA 13) and univariate statistics (ANOVA). The differentiation of treated rats and controls was highlighted using discriminant multivariate models. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank the "Black Gold" project financially supported by the University of Cyprus.


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing the mental health of high school students in relation to sociodemographic variables, family function, self-esteem, social support, and self-identity. Methods: The survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 332 high school students. Data analysis procedure included stepwise regression using mental health as the dependent variable, and sociodemographics, family function, self-esteem, social support, and self-identity as independent variables. Results: Stepwise multiple regression revealed that the factors such as self-esteem(β=0.422, p<0.001), self-identity(β=0.l66, p<0.001), and sex(β=-0.165, p<0.001) turned out to be significant affecting factors. Twenty seven percent of varience in mental health was explained by these factors(22% of varience by self-esteem). Conclusion: Self-esteem was turned out to be the most important effective factor of mental health in high school students. These results suggest that it is important for high school students to promote their self-esteem to keep their good mental health.


This paper reports the first demonstration of single-mode operation of a Raman fiber laser (RFL) that uses a multi-mode fiber as the Raman gain medium. The single-mode operation is achieved by exploiting the beam cleanup properties of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in multi-mode fibers, and provides a simpler and more efficient means of developing Raman fiber lasers.


Objective: To know the most frequent anorectal pathologies in HIV-infected patients and to determine the usefulness of surgery in this group of patients. Setting: Third level health care hospital. Methods: We analyzed the clinical records of HIV+ patients with anorectal pathologies and subjected to surgical treatment between March 1995 and March 1997. We reviewed the surgical indication, HIV/AIDS stage, association with microorganisms, and therapeutic success. Results: There were 20 male patients, with 4.2 years of seropositivity, subjected to 28 surgical procedures. Diagnoses: eight anal sinuses, seven condylomas, six fistulas, five anal fissures, and two anal ulcers. The performed procedures were: one sphincterotomy, two biopsies, four fissurectomies, six fistulotomies, seven fulgurations and exeresis of condylomas, and eight unroofings of the anal sinus. Histopathological studies revealed association to microorganisms in 85% of the cases, severe dysplasla in 15%, and malignant neoplasia in 10%. Post-operative follow-up (average of 9 months) yielded an excellent surgical result in 15 patients (they remained asymptomatic), good in three (symptomatic with


The aim of this study was to describe the issues of racial prejudice that occur in The Underground Railroad novel by Colson Whitehead which was published in 2016. This study concerned on the depiction of racial prejudice that happen in the novel. This study used a qualitative method and the data sources were taken from the narratives and the dialogues of The Underground Railroad novel. The theory of racial prejudice from Gordon W. Allport was applied in this study. Moreover, the purpose of this study was to find the response from the society, especially from the main character towards racial prejudice. The result of this study showed that racial prejudice was all about human behavior in terms of treating others unfairly. In addition, racial prejudice became a complex problem that difficult to avoid from social life

Keywords: Racial Prejudice, Response.


We consider the dynamic sensor coverage problem in the absence of global localization information. In the regime where few sensors are available compared to the size of the space being explored, a successful strategy must effectively mobilize the sensors by mounting them on mobile robots. We present here an approach where mobile robots explore an uncharted environment, by deploying small communication beacons. These beacons act as local markers for preferred directions of further exploration. The robots never acquire a map of their surroundings, nor are localized, however they ensure timely coverage of all regions of the space by relying on the local instructions disseminated by the stationary communication beacons. Preliminary data from experiments suggest that our algorithm produces exploratory, patrol-like behavior, resulting in good spatial sensor coverage over time.


Robot manipulators, which are nonlinear structures and have uncertain system parameters, are complex dynamically when operated in an unknown environment. To compensate for estimate errors of the uncertain system parameters and to accomplish the desired trajectory tracking, nonlinear robust controllers are appropriate. However, when estimation errors or tracking errors are large, they require large input torques, which may not be satisfied due to torque limits of actuators such as driving motors. As a result, their stability cannot be guaranteed. In this paper, a new robust control scheme is presented to solve stability problems and to achieve fast trajectory tracking of uncertain robot manipulators in the presence of torque limits. By using fuzzy logic, new desired trajectories which can be reduced are generated based on the initial desired trajectory, and torques of the robust controller are regulated so as to not exceed torque limits. Numerical examples are shown to validate the proposed controller using an uncertain two degree-of-freedom underwater robot manipulator.


Identity Management (IdM) systems have traditionally relied on a centralized model prone to privacy, trust, and security problems, like potential massive data breaches or identity spoofing. Identity providers accumulate excessive power that might allow them to become a big brother, analyzing and storing as much data as possible. Users should be able to trust identity providers and manage their personal information straightforwardly without compromising their privacy. The European OLYMPUS project introduces a distributed approach for IdM based on enhanced Attribute-Based Credentials (ABC) that splits the role of Identity Provider to limit their influence and chances to become a unique point of failure. However, the trust relationship between service providers, users, and identity providers is still a gap in those kinds of privacy-preserving ABC systems. Decentralized technologies are an opportunity to break away from the centralized model and propose systems that respect privacy while increasing users' trust. This paper presents an evolution of the OLYMPUS architecture, maintaining all the privacy features and incorporating distributed ledger technologies to enhance trust and security in online transactions and IdM systems. The proposed system has been implemented, tested, and validated, showing its performance and feasibility to manage user's identity in a fully privacy-preserving, distributed and reliable way.


The result of this paper is to establish a consistent approach to geophysical handling of road failure using electrical Resistivity method-Double Dipole and Electromagnetic method- VLF (Very Low Frequency). The work was done along Oke-Agbe Road in Ondo State. Computer iterated data from the study area enabled the delineation of the investigated portion of the road into highly weathered and non weathered zones with Resistivity values ranging from 37 – 595 Ωm. The form of road failure identified in this study is due to subsidence arising from differential settlements associated with clayey, fairly thick, geotechnical weak and low resistivity near surface horizon. The results obtained clearly demonstrates the relevance this kind of study in highway feasibility studies and roadway evaluation. JONAMP Vol. 11 2007: pp. 411-414


The papers collected in this special issue of the Journal of Sociology seek both to develop a sense of the cumulative impact of Bourdieu's work on Australasian ('antipodean') debates, and to get a sense of how these debates might raise questions regarding the portability of Bourdieu's categories. We discuss the distinctive disciplinary orientations of the uptake of Bourdieu's work both here and internationally, and propose some explanations of the ways in which the antipodean uptake has modified its focus and conceptual force. These have to do, first, with the salience of different and more fluid models of the structural variables of class, gender and ethnicity; second, with a questioning of the nation-state as the 'natural' border of cultural fields; and third, with the way Indigeneity, in both Australia and New Zealand, is seen to transform the 'mainstream' culture and thereby to challenge many of the conventional ways of thinking about such things as cultural artefacts, cultural markets, and the 'rules of art'.


Abstract : A study has been made of the effects of temperature and sulphuric acid concentration on the formation of persulphuric acid at a lead dioxide electrode and also the recharge properties of the electrode. The effect of electrolyte pH has also been examined. Based on these results some conclusions have been drawn as to the nature of the low temperature recharge problem of the lead-acid battery.


Received: March 26, 2010 Revised: (1st) April 20, 2010, (2nd) June 4, 2010, (3rd) July 27, 2010, (4th) August 30, 2010, (5th) November 24, 2010 Accepted: December 2, 2010 Corresponding author: Kyung Wook Nha, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 2240 Daehwa-dong, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 411-702, Korea TEL: 82-31-910-7968, FAX: 82-31-910-7967 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com A 24-year-old man underwent percutaneous fixation with pins for an undisplaced patellar fracture. At 7 months follow-up postoperatively, he presented with recurrent, painful swelling of the operated knee following trivial activities of daily life. Aspiration had been performed two times before he presented to us with symptoms. An x-ray showed that one of the pins was suspected to be protruding at the inferior pole of the patella. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed effusion in the joint. Arthroscopy revealed that the pin was prominent intraarticularly, and the adjacent infrapatellar fat pad with surrounding synovial tissue seemed to be abraded. The pins were removed under arthroscopic guidance and any pain or hemarthrosis disappeared thereafter.


Freezing temperature startup of fuel cells is a serious issue for smaller applications such as auxiliary or backup power units. To accurately test and examine this problem, a laboratory climate chamber is required which can accurately represent possible environments. This research designed a climate chamber using thermoelectric (peltier) heat pumps to provide temperatures down up to −10 degrees Celsius. The internal heat absorption from air utilized forced convection while heat emitted by the thermoelectric device was removed by flowing water channels. A copper plate was used to provide separation between the heat absorbing plate and the thermoelectric heat pump. The unit showed accurate temperature control and successful operation at sub-zero temperatures. Two proton exchange membrane fuel cells with 117 Nafion membrane and 212 Nafion membrane were tested in the climate chamber under various operating conditions. The startup performance was examined under both freezing and non-freezing temperatures. Heated and humidified feed gasses were shown to greatly improve the steady state time of the 117 setup by over 30%.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The connection between Thomas Hardy's novels and the tragedy of the Greeks has been acknowledged but not explored. It has been said that Sophocles was the chief literary influence on Hardy's view of life (W. R. Rutland), Hardy's rustic characters have been compared to the chorus of the Greek drama (David Cecil), and more recently. The Mayor of Casterbrldge has been very fruitfully analyzed as the story of a-"modern Oedipus" (D. A. Dike and John Paterson).1 But we have not yet adequately recognized the pervading influence of Greek tragic models on Hardy's work. We have not yet worked out the implications of Hardy's claim that "dramas of a grandeur and unity truly Sophoclean" were "enacted in the real" in the Wessex he knew (The Woodlanders. Chapter I). It seems clear to me that Hardy's tragedy will never be adequately understood unless we understand first the size and nature of his debt to the Greeks. I propose in the following pages to explore what I think are significant relationships and resemblances between Tess of the D'Urbervllles and the Antigone of Sophocles. Such a comparative study, I believe, illuminates the novel. It calls our attention to the heroic dimension of Hardy's central character (for some time now seen as essentially a "peasant"), brings to light the submerged tragic machinery of the novel (the motifs of familial doom and of dike). restores some tragic dignity to Angel Clare, and shows in a very concrete way the universality of Hardy's theme. Unlike The Mayor of Casterbrldge. which exemplifies the "seasonal patte rn7rfämillar in Oedipus the King and King Lear. Tess of the D'Urbervllles illustrates the scapegoat pattern of tragedy found in Ant!gone and in Hamlet.2 The tragic figure is young and innocent; she is morally superior to those who persecute and destroy her; her suffering and death force others to see.


A rf-driven discharge is used to produce a beam of metastable krypton atoms at the 5s(3/2)2 level with an angular flux density of 4×1014 s−1 sr−1 and most probable velocity of 290 m/s, while consuming 7×1016 krypton atoms/s. When operated in a gas-recirculation mode, the source consumes 2×1015 krypton atoms/s with the same atomic-beam output.


Recent work by Stout and colleagues indicates that the neural correlates of language and Early Stone Age tool-making overlap significantly. The aim of this paper is to add computational detail to their findings. I use an error minimisation model to outline where the information processing overlap between toolmaking and language lies. I argue that the Early Stone Age signals the emergence of complex structured representations. I then highlight a feature of my account: It allows us to understand the early evolution of syntax in terms of an increase in the number and complexity of models in a cognitive system, rather than the development of new types of processing.


Cloud computing is the future paradigm that will dominate the visualization and processing of web data. Achieving high performance in storing and processing huge amounts of data in the cloud has be...


Objective:To evaluate the effect of the adjustable syringe handle in clinical biopsy.Methods:Syringe handle was llsed to test mass of 374 cases,including.70 cases of thyroid nodules,212 cases of breast,and 92 cases in other parts.Results:In syringe handle group,the positive rate of thyroid nodules was 89.94%,breast was 93.89%,in other parts was 94.53%;in Syringes group,the positive rate of thyroid nodules was 71.59%,breast mass was 69.46%,in other parts 72.26%(P0.05).Conclusion:The positive rate of syringe handle group was higher than Syringes group,and easy to use.


Damage caused by the earthquake is now widespread, having been compounded two-, and then three-fold, by additional events. The health effects of radioactive materials released in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant disaster and consumed through food have become one of the biggest social issues to arise from the disaster. Using the risk communication paradigm, we will assess the researcher's role for the public in confronting sociallydevastating circumstances, as well as consider how scientific information and opinions can be exchanged to attain an public understanding of the situation. Firstly, we provide a description of the public psychological state confronting the effects of radiation contamination of food on health. Next, we will discuss the current state of risk communication and propose a interactive model. Then we will outline the public knowledge and risk perception for effects of radiation contamination of food on health at pre-/postcommunication, and validate the evidence of the situations in the focus group communication, especially scrutiny process in discussions of scientific information presented.


other serotypes, S. paratyphi B (S. schottmuelleri) is an uncommon human pathogen(l). Toxic synovitis of the hip refers to a transient, nonspecific, unilateral inflammatory arthritis involving the hip joint(2). It is a clinical diagnosis which is confirmed by excluding other causes for joint symptoms. In this communication, we describe a case of S. paratyphi B septicemia in a neonate presenting as painful hip which turned out to be toxic synovitis.


Contemporary musicians commonly face the challenge of finding new, characteristic sounds that can make their compositions more distinct. They often resort to computers and algorithms, which can significantly aid in creative processes by generating unexpected material in controlled probabilistic processes. In particular, algorithms that present emergent behaviors, like genetic algorithms and cellular automata, have fostered a broad diversity of musical explorations. This article proposes an original technique for the computer-assisted creation and manipulation of sound textures. The technique uses Probabilistic Cellular Automata, which are yet seldom explored in the music domain, to blend two audio tracks into a third, different one. The proposed blending process works by dividing the source tracks into frequency bands and then associating each of the automaton's cell to a frequency band. Only one source, chosen by the cell's state, is active within each band. The resulting track has a non-repeating textural pattern that follows the changes in the Cellular Automata. This blending process allows the musician to choose the original material and the blend granularity, significantly changing the resulting blends. We demonstrate how to use the proposed blending process in sound design and its application in experimental and popular music.


633 sedentary women (47±11 yrs, 163±7 cm; 92±18kg; 45±4 body fat) were assigned to a control group (C), an exercise group (E); or, a high carbohydrate or a high protein diet group for 10‐weeks. Diets consisted of 1,200 kcal/d for 1‐wk and 1,600 kcal/d for 9 wks. Diets were 55% CHO, 15% P, and 30% F (HC) or 7‐15% CHO, 55‐63% P, and 30% F (HP). Subjects participated in the Curves fitness program 3‐d per wk. At 0 & 10‐wks, subjects donated fasting blood samples and had measurements determined. Data are presented as means ± SD from baseline at 10‐wks for the E, HC, and HP groups, respectively. Significant time and/or group x time effects (n=548) were observed in changes in total cholesterol (‐0.0±20; ‐1.8±18; ‐3.5±15 %), LDL‐c (‐1.4±22; ‐2.0±21; ‐3.2±21 %), HDL‐c c (0.9±10; ‐1.7±11; ‐2.2±8 %), and triglycerides (11±41; ‐6.2±34; 3.0±39 %). No differences were observed in glucose (0.3±20; 0.2±15; ‐1.6±17 %) or cholesterol:HDL ratio (‐0.6±13; 3.1±20; 1.7±17 %). Waist(‐1.2±5; ‐2.7±7; ‐3.2±7 %) and hip (‐0.1±5; ‐2.5±4; ‐2.4±5 %) measurements decreased with diet groups experiencing greater effects (n=586). Resting HR (‐3.3±13; ‐3.7±14; ‐2.9±15 %), SBP (‐0.4±13; ‐2.2±12; ‐1.9±12 %), and DBP (‐0.8±13; ‐2.8±12; ‐0.8±13 %) decreased in all groups (n=633). Bench press (10.5±17; 8.4±18; 7.4±15 %), leg press (10.4±20; 10.3±18; 10.3±20 %), and aerobic capacity (14.8±95; 7.9±15; 12.8±50 %) were increased in all groups (n=490).


The pump wavelength of parametric amplifiers based on CLBO, DCDA and LBO crystals and pumped by the second harmonic of a femtosecond Cr : forsterite laser is close to optimal for broadband amplification because of the proximity of group velocities of interacting pulses. Injection of a broadband continuum into the range of the signal-wave gain in LBO and DCDA parametric amplifiers, pumped at , leads to generation of broadband femtosecond pulses with a spectrum ranging from 1050 to and peak powers up to .


Approximately 50% of natural lightning flashes make multiple contacts on the ground. Lightning-induced voltage by nearby lightning stroke is the major cause of overvoltage. The electromagnetic waves emitted by lightning flashes with multiple ground strike points (GSPs) increase new risks to damage electronics information devices located in the vicinity of the GSPs. Therefore, it is very important for electromagnetic compatibility engineering to clarify the characteristics of lightning flashes with multiple GSPs. We have observed lightning discharges over the whole area of Japan detected by the Japanese Lightning Detection Network (JLDN). Specifically, we analyzed negative cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes observed by JLDN within 80 km of Sagamihara in summer. We investigated the median location accuracy of the JLDN in the observation area to evaluate characteristics of spatial distribution of subsequent strokes hitting the GSPs. The median location accuracy varied between 0.2 and 0.4 km in the observed area. The mean multiplicity of negative CG flash observed by JLDN was 3.5. The average inter-stroke interval of new ground contact (NGC) strokes was longer than that of pre-existing channel (PEC) strokes. The ratio of peak current to the first return stroke was higher in the NGC than that in the PECs. Some of flashes hit the ground at several points. The mean number of GSPs was 2.0 per flash, with the mean number of 1.6 subsequent strokes per a GSP. Furthermore, the number of strokes per a GSP has not been previously reported. We also observed that the subsequent strokes altered between different GSPs.


Abstract: Recording and observing crucial signs is a fundamental part of locally established medical care. Utilizing contact sensors to record physiological signs can make uneasiness patients, particularly after delayed use. At the point when a subject is moving, the face might be gotten some distance from the camera. We use numerous cameras to empower the calculation to screen the crucial sign persistently, regardless of whether the subject leaves the edge or gets some distance from a subset of the framework's cameras. Besides, we work on the exactness of existing strategies by executing a light evening out plan to decrease the impact of shadows and inconsistent facial light on the HR assessment, an AI strategy to choose the most reliable channel yielded by the ICA module, and a relapse method to change the underlying HR gauge. The proposed strategy diminishes the RMSE by 27% contrasted with the cutting edge in the rest condition. At the point when the subject is moving, the proposed technique accomplishes a RMSE of 1.12 bpm.


Despite the growth in published studies, there is a lack of consensus regarding whether problematic gaming exists and whether it constitutes an "addiction." Ultimately, the Substance Use Disorder Work Group recommended that the DSM-5 include a subtype of problematic Internet use (i.e., Internet gaming disorder [IGD]) in Section III ("Emerging Measures and Models") as an area that required further research before possible inclusion in future editions of the manual. This chapter will use the term "problematic gaming" as the umbrella term to describe the phenomenon of problematic video game use. It has both online and offline manifestations. The chapter briefly examines a number of key areas in the study of problematic gaming, including (1) history of problematic gaming research, (2) offline versus online problematic gaming, (3) prevalence of problematic gaming, (4) factors associated with problematic gaming, and (5) the treatment of problematic gaming.


The invention discloses a multilane free-flow electronic toll collection system and method based on a multi-beam antenna. The multilane free-flow electronic toll collection system comprises a background system and a front end lane system, wherein the background system carries out charging processing, user service and information search; the front end lane system comprises a vehicular access communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem, a vehicle detecting and positioning subsystem, a snapshot and number plate recognition subsystem, and a lane control subsystem, wherein vehicle-mounted electronic tags are positioned through the adoption of the multi-beam antenna, orientation downlink beams are emitted to complete charging trading with the vehicle-mounted electronic tags, and real-time self-adaptation dynamic regulation is carried out on an emission area according to motion tracks of the vehicle-mounted electronic tags; the vehicle detecting and positioning subsystem detects toll area vehicle position information and triggers number plate snapshot; the snapshot and number plate recognition subsystem carries out vehicle snapshot and number plate recognition; the lane control subsystem collects and processes information outputted by the subsystems, and transmits processed data to the background system. According to the multilane free-flow electronic toll collection system and method, applicability of existing national standard ETC electronic tags in multilane free-flow electronic tool collection application on roads and city roads can be guaranteed.


For decades, family planning programs have targeted women in developing countries. These programs bestow a great deal of autonomy on women with respect to fertility decision making. It is well known that a number of close relatives in multigenerational and extended family systems influence women's fertility decisions with respect to child spacing and contra - ceptive use. One approach toward a systematic study of fertility decision making is to explicitly consider the husband's influences on fertility decision making. This study examines the effects of a selected number of factors on the desired birth interval lengths. We interviewed husbands and wives separately from 165 randomly selected households from two poor neighborhoods in the city of Kitwe, Zambia. Three ordinal birth interval groups were obtained for both husbands and wives separately. The effect of selected factors on the likelihood of influencing the three groups was examined using ordinal logistic regression methods. Data from husbands and wives were analyzed separately. Qualitative methods such as semistructured interviews were used to gather extensive information on the various factors that husbands and wives perceive to influence their child spacing decisions. We found differences in accounts with respect to child spacing between husbands and wives, likely due to a lack of communication. A gender-sensitive approach is necessary to promote spacing methods among poor couples in Zambia.


Background:Blomia tropicalis is an important domestic dust mite in the tropics and subtropics. This study describes cDNA cloning of the group 4 allergen of B. tropicalis, and the evaluation of the sensitization of this allergen in atopic populations from 2 geographic regions. Methods: cDNA cloning was carried out using the Smart RACE cDNA amplification kit. The full-length Blo t 4 cDNA was isolated by cDNA library screening, 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends and long-distance PCR. Sequence analysis was performed with a combination of the Clustal W, CGC and Blast program packages. The cDNA was expressed in Pichia pastoris yeast. The skin prick test was used to evaluate the sensitization profile of recombinant Blo t 4, crude dust mite allergen extracts and major B. tropicalis recombinant allergen Blo t 5. Results: The cloned Blo t 4 had a molecular weight of 56 kDa and had 68% amino acid homology with group 4 allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and 65% with those of Euroglyphus maynei. A sensitization profile to the expressed recombinant Blo t 4 allergen (28%) showed an unusually higher frequency than to the major allergen Blo t 5 (22%) in allergic subjects from Chengdu, PR China. In comparison, the subjects from Singapore showed very low sensitization to Blo t 4 (4%) compared with Blo t 5 (84%). Conclusions: Group 4 allergens of B. tropicalis may be an important dust mite allergen in certain distinct populations.


By using PAGE, a study was made on the nonspecific esterase spectra of female genital organs and eggs in Bombyx mori L. The expression of 11 esterase bands was detected during ontogenesis of races and inter-races hybrids kept in Bulgaria. The gene activity of 9 esterase loci was assumed. Esterases specific for the spectrum of diapausing eggs were observed. In two esterase zones, intra- and inter-breed polymorphism was found. Based on the same breed specific expression, the existence of correspondence between esterase bands from spectra of different silkworm tissues and organs was suggested. Stage-specific expression of esterases in female genital glands, indicative of differentiated gene activity during ontogenesis, was established.


The typical Bali cattle disease is Jembrana, has caused the death and illness of livestock in Bekri District, Central Lampung. This disease is very disturbing for farmers because it can be transmitted and spread quickly and widely. This disease can also cause a decrease in the production and quality of the meat. Based on data from Dinas Peternakan dan Perkebunan Lampung Tengah, up to the period of 2 nd February 2019 Jembrana had caused 161 bali cattle to be slaughtered due to illness and 13 of them died. Knowledge of farmers about Jembrana disease is still not optimal and does not yet understand the proper prevention techniques and control patterns. In addition, the limited treatment can be a threat to spread the disease quickly and widely. The solution to this problem is the need for communication, information, and education efforts and technical direction of prevention and control of Jembrana disease to farmers and the community so that diseases can be handled properly. It also needs to be done controlling blood-sucking vectors that can transmit disease as well as disinfection of the cage and the environment. Antibiotic treatment and roboransia must also be done. Community service activities Communication, Information and Education and Jembrana Disease Management  Bali Cattle are carried out in Kesuma Jaya Village, Bekri District, Central Lampung. This activity was attended by around 40 people from livestock groups and the community. The activity consisted of counseling, discussion and treatment for Bali cattle with a population of around 60. High enthusiasm from pawitan mulya livestock groups to hold further coaching and cooperation with the Department of Animal Husbandry of Politeknik Negeri Lampung and Dinas Peternakan dan Perkebunan, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah.


SERPINA1 gene encoding the alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) protein is highly polymorphic. Apart from the most prevalent PI*S and PI*Z deficiency alleles, other so-called rare variants also predispose individuals to severe chronic respiratory disorders (CRDs). Our aim was to assess the frequency of common and rare SERPINA1 mutations in a group of 1749 Polish patients with CRDs referred for A1AT deficiency diagnosticsbetween 2013-2016. A1AT concentration was assessed by nephelometry, phenotype by isoelectric focusing followed by PCR genotyping and/or direct sequencing. Further on, samples from 100 consecutive patients with an A1AT concentration 85.5% samples carried the normal PI*MM genotype, whereas in 14.5%, at least one A1AT deficiency variant was detected. PI*S (1.9%) and PI*Z (11.9%) alleles were identified yielding frequencies of 0.011 and 0.069, respectively. Rare A1AT variants were detected in 11 patients: PI*F (n=5) and PI*I (n=5). Also PI*M6 Passau and c.573delG indicating heterozygous Null variant were revealed in 1 patient. Retrospective analysis of SERPINA1 gene by direct sequencing in 100 patients revealed rare A1AT alleles: PI*M2 Obernburg (n=1), c.922G>T (n=1), PI*P Lowell (n=1) and PI*M wurzburg (n=1). No PI*M malton allele was detected. The prevalence of the PI*F and PI*I alleles in Polish CRD patients seems higher than in others European studies. PI*Mmalton, the most prevalent rare variant in Southern Europe, was not detected. Common PI*Z A1AT deficiency allele is considerably more common in CRDs subjects than in general Polish population.


Based on largely unpublished archival material, this chapter critically investigates for the first time the ways that the British intervention in the post-war reconstruction of Greece was pictured by local photographers. It thus focuses on operations of relief and rehabilitation that took place in the months after the liberation and until the British authorities would hand over responsibilities to the American mission. This is pursued through the work of two photographers, Voula Papaioannou, who was formally employed by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, and Maria Chroussachi, who being a volunteer nurse embedded with the British Red Cross, recorded, as an amateur photographer, their health care operations in Northern Greece. Formulating and at the same time reflecting the formal picture of the reconstruction that was to be used towards political ends by different local and foreign governmental bodies, Papaioannou's photographs appear now as the official historical documents of that era. In contrast, Chroussachi's more informal approach offers an interpretation of the condition that is filtered through her personal engagement with the events, providing an insight into the common sentiment about foreign intervention. The chapter argues that Greece's post-war cultural physiognomy, an ideological construct based on foreign organizations' expectations, old fashioned Philhellenism, the colonial gaze and middle-class tourist imagination, would inform the local and exported ideologeme of Greekness for the decades to come. It also challenges the traditional preconceptions in and around the ideological and conceptual premises of post-war documentary photography.


Cross-linguistic syntactic priming(C LSP)refers to the phenomenon that the use of aparticular structure(e.g.,p assives)in one language facilitates orprimes the subsequent use of the parallel structure in the other language of abilingual speaker.Individual studies examining CLSP effects have produced conflicting results.This study aims to estimate the population effects of cross-ling uistic syntactic priming effects and lexical boost effect,and to examine how potential moderators(priming direction,L2learners proficiency levels,and structural similarities)influenced crosslinguistic priming,electronic research databases were searched sy stematically for published studies,which measured CLSP effects.Meta-analytic techniques were used to analyze 20L1 to L2cross-linguistic studies with 32 effects sizes and 10L2 to L1studies with 19 effect sizes.Most studies involved 20-45 minutes of priming activities.Hetero geneity exists within the crosslinguistic priming but the priming direction(L1to L2 or L2to L1),L2learners proficiency levels,experimental modes and structural similarities were not potential moderators.For the L1 to L2studies,the results turned out to be homogeneous.For the L2 to L1direction,though the results were heterog eneous,L2learnersproficiency level,experimental modes,and structural similarities were not moderators.More detailed information should be given for the cross-linguistic priming studies and more refined meta-analy sis containing more p otential moderators should be carried out in the future.