Asthma is a chronic disease that causes fixed airflow obstruction, swelling and inflammation of the lung airways. This results in shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing [1]. 3.9 million People in South Africa are estimated to suffer from the disease and 1.5% of this total die as a result, annually [2]. The disease is the 3rd most common cause of child hospitalisation in South Africa.In developing countries, the most common and affordable treatment option for asthma would be the standard metered dosage inhaler (MDI) [3, 4]. MDI's provide a range of medications (including airway dilators and anti-inflammatories) contained within the aerosol canisters.A large number of paediatric and geriatric patients suffering from asthma are unable to produce the necessary force required to activate the standard MDI. The study investigated fingertip pinch (action carried out when activating an MDI) strengths to determine the activation force deficit for paediatric patients [5]. In addition, patients using a standard MDI are unable to track the number of dosages remaining in the aerosol canisters [5]. The study presents a solution to the above mentioned patient limitations. A sleeve attachment was developed to reduce the required activation force of a standard MDI and track patient medication adherence. Additional features included height adjustability for varied MDI sizes (55mm to 90mm in length) and paediatric patient aesthetic appeal.Copyright © 2017 by ASME


Biocontrol using antagonist agent is one of environment-friendly method of controlling bacterial leaf blight disease in rice field. Eight antagonistic bacteria against Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae as well as the causal bacterial leaf blight disease in rice, have been isolated from rice phyllosphere of Wonogiri and Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, using dual plate method. The aims of this study were to identify molecularly of 16S rDNA and polyketide synthase (PKS) genes of antagonist bacteria. The PKS gene is recorded as one of antibiotic compounds class which encode the polyketide biosynthesis. The amplification of 16S rDNA gene was performed using 63f and 1387r primers, while PKS gene detection was performed using degKS2F.gc and degKSR5.gc primers. The nucleotide sequences of 16S rDNA and PKS genes was aligned using GenBank database and BLAST-N program from NCBI site was operated. The results showed that the eight isolates identity of SH2a, MO142, MO22g, MO34h, MO34i, MO34j, MO43a and MO63j were Pseudomonadaceae SH2a, Pantoea sp. MO142, Pantoea sp. MO22g, Erwinia sp. MO34h, Pantoea sp. MO34i, Pantoea sp. MO34j, Pantoea sp. MO43a and Pantoea sp. MO63j, respectively. Bacterial antagonists of PKS genes have similarities with the gene of nonribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase hybrid (cpbI) Lysobacter lactamgenus. This indicates that the antagonist mechanism of antagonist bacteria is antibiosis.


Herein, we present a greener approach to achieve an ultrasensitive, selective, and viable sensor engineered by amino acids as a recognition layer for simultaneous electrochemical sensing of toxic heavy metals (HMs). Electrochemical techniques like electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) were applied to demonstrate sensing capabilities of the designed analytical tool. The comparative results of different amino acids demonstrate alanine's superior performance with a well-resolved and enhanced current signal for target metal ions due to strong complexation of its functional moieties. The working conditions for alanine-modified GCE were optimized by investigating the effect of alanine concentration, different supporting electrolytes, pH values, accumulation potentials, and time. The limits of detection for Zn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ were found to be 8.92, 5.77, 3.01, and 5.89 pM, respectively. The alanine-modified electrode revealed absolute discrimination ability, stability, and ultrasensitivity toward metal ions even in the presence of multifold interfering species. Likewise, greener modifier-designed electrodes possessed remarkable electrocatalytic activity, cost affordability, reproducibility, and applicability for picomolar level detection of HM ions in real water sample matrixes. Theoretical calculations for the HM–amino acid interaction also support a significantly improved mediator role of the alanine modifier that is consistent with the experimental findings.


Currently, occidental business schools have developed a systemic case-based teaching mode. Chinese educational circles introduced this method to China and acquired good results to some degree. We can copy case teaching format, yet it is tough to demonstrate the essence. There are still many problems: some cases do not match with Chinese context, the teachers can't guide the students very well, the education tradition constrains the students' participation, etc. In order to find a satisfactory way to facilitate management case teaching, this study, based on our recent interviews to university students and previous literature, will manifest the characters and process of occident case teaching, analyze the deficiencies of Chinese actuality about case teaching, try to build a model about case teaching performance, which contains case material quality, teacher guidance, student involvement, and culture background, etc, and provide relevant improvement suggestions.


The scattering of optical components has become a more and more critical issue in modern sensor systems. This is a result of improved performance capabilities on the part of detectors and of optical elements themselves, as well as an increased awareness of the effects of scatter on system performance. There are several programs that evaluate scatter in complicated optical trains, the best known of which are APART and GUERAP (Arizona Paraxial Analysis of Radiative Transfer and General Unwanted Energy Radiation Analysis Program). These programs require component scatter data as inputs for the analysis and even the beginning design approaches. These data have generally been generated with laboratory instruments that were essentially goniometric radiometers. The data have been difficult to obtain and usually obtained for small representative samples of the real surfaces. If, in the process of manufacture of the parts a measurement of the scatter was made, it was done with a relatively crude jerry-rigged apparatus. Sometimes the measurements made this way were quite accurate, but they were never easy.


Although women account for over 50% of employed persons in South Korea, women in policing comprise approximately 3.8% of all sworn law enforcement positions throughout the country. Clearly, women are underrepresented in policing in many countries, but the relatively small number in law enforcement careers in Korea provides an opportunity for research about the demographic and attitudinal factors that motivate them to pursue such a career. In this study, we focus on a sample of 220 Korean female police officers. The present study sought to address 3 central research questions: (a) the background of the respondents, (b) the major reasons for career selection expressed by female police officers, and (c) the relationship of years in policing to the reasons for the respondents' career selection. Results suggested that women are in policing not only because it is an exciting profession but also because they feel that they have the ability to do the job and do it well. These data illustrated the importance of surveying women in order to enhance the recruitment and retention of female law enforcement officers.


To modify the surface of nanoSiO2, polytyrene and polyethylacrylate were grafted onto the particles through irradiation grafting polymerization, respectively. Mechanical testing of the modified nanosilica filled polypropylene (PP) composites reveals the significant strengthening and toughening effects of the treated nanoparticles on the matrix resin. It is believed that the extensive shear deformation of PP induced by the modified nanosilica is responsible for the improvement of the composites toughness. Microscopic observation further demonstrates that the modified nanoparticle aggregates become more compact due to the grafting polymer chains, which in turn provides an enhanced interfacial adhesion between the fillers and the matrix.


Taking Guangdong province as an example,on the Artistic special immortal universities source of candidates,recruitment conditions,preferential policies,such as the actual taking of the situation analysis and description.Currently,the practice has been greatly advanced,but Artistic special immortal universities this special group did not rule summary and theoretical understanding.Therefore,study of beauty college Artistic special immortal universities is worth concern.


Professionalism, understood as a normative value system, is often assumed to act as a guiding logic for professionals' behavior beyond alternative structuring systems like market or organization logics. Discussing the notion on a macro-level, professionalism is often viewed as under threat by competing discourses, like commercialization or bureaucratization. To complement such macro- level approaches, there is growing interest to study professionalism in the everyday practices of individual professionals. This paper follows this stream of research by treating professionalism as one critical aspect of individuals' identity work. By studying lawyers working in big law firms and with links to the field of international commercial arbitration, the paper investigates how individuals refer to professionalism when making sense of their selves in relation to concrete work situations. Advancing the thesis that professionalism is best understood as embedded within and interrelated with other discourses, the paper a...


The lacustrine-to-palustrine Pastos Grandes Laguna (Bolivia) is located in a volcanic caldera fed by active hot springs, with a carbonate crust extending over 40 km2. An integrated approach based on geology and hydrochemistry was used to characterize La Salsa, one of its hydrothermal systems, composed of a flat mound with a hydrothermal discharge. The mound is composed of carbonate–diatom aggregates, forming muds that accumulate and undergo slight swelling. The discharge area along the hydrothermal pathway exhibits several facies and microfabrics, with considerable biological activity and microbialite development. Both the downstream evolution of carbonate and silica content in sediments and the distribution of microbialites can be linked to changes in biotic-abiotic processes occurring along the pathway. The spatial distribution of microbialites and their morphologies are related to hydrodynamic conditions, the nature of the substrate on which they grow and, to a lesser extent, to the accommodation space available. The evolution of the physicochemical properties of the water and biological activity mainly impact mineral precipitation but also affect microbialite morphologies and microstructures. This atypical Si- and Ca-rich hydrothermal system therefore provides insights into the diversity of environmental, chemical, and biotic factors controlling mineralization, which also responds to independent thermodynamic controls.


Epidermal barrier dysfunction can lead to xerotic skin and promote skin disorders like atopic dermatitis. Atopic skin is characterized by reduced water-retaining compounds, altered lipid composition and elevated skin pH. Against this background, a study was conducted to investigate the impact of a specific skin care product on epidermal barrier function in dry and atopic-prone skin. A marketed pH 4.5 cosmetic formulation containing 10% urea and specific plant oils was evaluated on 25 subjects with dry and atopic-prone skin. Measurements of skin hydration, pH, and barrier function were performed before and after 3 weeks of product usage. Additionally, visual scoring and stratum corneum lipid analysis using electron microscopy were conducted to investigate lipid composition. An improved skin hydration compared to the untreated area and a tendency to decrease the baseline elevated skin surface pH were observed. The visual scoring showed reduced dryness, roughness, and tension through the application. Furthermore, the stratum corneum lipid matrix was improved in terms of lipid content and organization. The combination of an acidic product's pH, a relevant urea content and effective plant oils is shown to be beneficial in terms of improving the skin barrier function, structure and appearance and is recommended for dry and atopic-prone skin.


The business environment is an important driver for firm performance. Research on exploration and exploitation stresses the need for firms to adapt and align concurrently their environment to optimize the ability to sense and seize opportunities for sustained performance. However, exploration-exploitation research has for the larger part theorized and examined the influence of dynamic environments, without including other environmental conditions. Further, studies that combine internal and external perspectives on exploration and exploitation are scarce. Using a data-set spanning 23 years, we examine the performance implications of combinations of internal and external exploration-exploitation sourcing under varying degrees of both environmental dynamism and munificence, or resource availability. We find that the impact of exploration and exploitation sourcing on financial performance is differentially influenced by dynamism and munificence conjointly. We find that, next to dynamism, resource scarcity is ...


This research is initial work in the design and development of verifiable Workflow Management Systems (WfMS) for application to biomedical research, clinical care and public health. Though many software products are sold as workflow systems, existing products are weak in 3 areas: (i) representation of workflow rules; (ii) dynamic adaptation; and (iii) verification, all of which are critical in the health sector. Solving the conceptual and technological issues in the workflow problem has significant economic value, not the least of which is efficiency and effectiveness of patient care. Indeed, this is part of a research project that addresses five of the ten key recommendations in the Canadian Institutes of Health Research national consultation [4], namely: (i) workforce planning; (ii) management of the healthcare workplace; (iii) timely access to care; (iv) managing for safety and quality; and (v) managing and adapting to change. Here we describe some applications and progress in developing an automated verifiable dynamic WfMS. Interfacing such tools with Canada's emerging electronic health records will lead to significant commercialization opportunities.


Abstract A computer‐linked pupil‐simulator which provides student‐teachers with pre‐classroom teaching experience is discussed. Forty female teachers, in two groups, individually taught three consecutive lessons about mathematical sets. For one group " student " performance gradually improved and for the second teaching group " student " performance gradually deteriorated. In their ratings of student answers given on tests administered after each lesson teachers demonstrated a strong primacy effect.


Agricultural machinery is made by connection of a variety of shapes or plate through welding.In the course of use,it has deformation or damage due to external forces.As the common maintenance method,welding easily causes the defects of welding deformation.Through analysis of factors influencing welding deformation,we found out that the welding deformation was mainly caused by the welding internal stress produced by the partial overheating and cooling.Therefore,we put forward the corresponding measures for prevention of welding deformation.


Introduction: The level of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) is related to outcome in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the importance of elevated hs-cTnT levels in patients without MI is unknown. We investigated the association between elevation of hs-cTnT and death in patients with and without MI. Also, we compared the risk of death between patients with and without MI at different levels of hs-cTnT.[[Unable to Display Character:
]] Methods: We included all patients > 25 years of age who came to the emergency department (ED), at the Karolinska university hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, during 2011 to 2012, with chest pain and at least one hs-cTnT measured. Cox hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), for all-cause mortality at different levels of first hs-cTnT (5-14, 15-29, 30-49, 50-100, and >100 ng/l), using Results: 13 735 patients were included of whom 817 (5.9%) had MI. During 1.7 years of follow-up 99 (12%) patients with, and 729 (5.6%) without MI died. The assocation between hs-cTnT level and death was stronger in patients without MI, than among those with MI in each strata (5-14, 15-29, 30-49, 50-100, and >100 ng/l) of hs-cTnT (HR 95% CI: 2.7 (2.0-3.5) vs 1.9 (0.3-16), 4.7 (3.5-6.3) vs 2.0 (0.3-15), 7.4 (5.3-109) vs 2.2 (0.3-16), 11.2 (7.9-16) vs 2.0 (0.3-16), and 9.3 (6.4-13) vs 3.3 (0.4-24)). MI was associated with a lower risk of death compared with no MI in all strata of hs-cTnT > 14 ng/l. In patients with a hs-cTnT level of 50-100 ng/l the risk of death associated with MI compared with no MI was 0.39 (0.22 to 0.70).[[Unable to Display Character:
]] Conclusions: An elevated first hs-cTnT is a stronger predictor of death in patients without MI than in those with MI. Patients with compared to those without MI have a lower risk of death at each level of elevated hs-cTnT.


Eye tracking systems are mostly video-based methods which require significant computation to achieve good accuracy. An alternative method with comparable accuracy but less computational expense is 2D microelectromechanical (MEMS) mirror scanning. However, this technology is relatively new and there are not many publications on it. The purpose of this study was to examine how individual parameters of system components can affect the accuracy of pupil position estimation. The study was conducted based on a virtual simulator. It was shown that the optimal detector field of view (FOV) depends on the frequency ratio of the MEMS mirror axis. For a value of 1:13, the smallest errors were at 0.1 ◦ , 1.65 ◦ , 2.3 ◦ , and 2.95 ◦ . The error for the impact of the signal sampling rate above 3 kHz stabilizes at 0.065 ◦ and no longer changes its value regardless of increasing the number of samples. The error for the frequency ratio of the MEMS mirror axis increases linearly in the range of 0.065 ◦ –0.1 ◦ up to the ratio of 1:230. Above this there is a sudden increase to the average value of 0.3 ◦ . The conducted research provides guidance in the selection of parameters for the construction of eye tracking MEMS mirror-based systems.


The theory of analytic differential systems in Banach algebras has been investigated by E. Hille and others, see for instance Chapter 6 in [4]. In this paper we show how a projection method used by W. A. Harris, Jr., Y. Sibuya, and L. Weinberg [3] can be applied to study a class of functional differential equations in this setting. The method, based on functional analysis, had been used extensively by L. Cesari [1] in similar forms for boundary value problems, and by J. K. Hale, S. Bancroft, and D. Sweet [2]. We also obtain as corollaries several results for ordinary differential equations in Banach algebras which were proved in a different way by Hille.


This article takes stock of the legacy of some new generation WTO disputes relating to trade and environment, specifically with a view to explore whether and, if so, to what extent export restrictions could be effectively dealt with under the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) when used as industrial policy measures. The article discusses the cases where such restrictions subsidise industries that utilise raw materials of mineral origin and operate in the renewable energy sector. After discussing the shortcomings of WTO disciplines on export restrictions (which emerged after the China – Raw Materials and China – Rare Earths cases), the article reviews economic and legal arguments in favour of treating export restrictions, more generally, and mineral export restraints, more specifically, under the ASCM. It argues that at least under certain conditions the ASCM may be better placed from a regulatory point of view to govern trade instruments of an industrial nature that de facto operate as subsidies, such as export restrictions, especially in light of the inconsistencies of current WTO rules on export duties. It discusses whether the approach espoused by the Appellate Body in Canada – Renewable Energy may grant any flexibility to "green" industrial policy instruments and questions whether mineral export restraints may directly benefit from the partial carve-out built in by the WTO adjudicators.


OBJECTIVE To assess the pharmacokinetic properties of nalbuphine after single intravenous administration in healthy Chinese volunteers.METHODS Sixteen healthy volunteers(8 males and 8 females) were enroued in this study.The 16 healthy volunteers were divided into two groups(each group consisted of 4 males and 4 females) and received intravenous administration of nalbuphine at doses of 10,20 mg,respectively.Blood samples(4 mL) were immediately collected into heparinized tubes before injection and at 0,5,10,15,30,45 min,1,1.5,2,4,6,8,12 h after injection.The pharmacokinetic parameters including ρmax,tl/2,AUC0-t,AUC0-∞,CL,V and MRT0-t were calculated.Tolerability was assessed throughout the study.RESULTS The main pharmacokinetic parameters for nalbuphine after intravenous administration at doses of 10 and 20 mg were as follows:AUC0-12(213.4±195.7) ng·h·mL-1,(325.7±26.8) ng·h·mL-1,AUC0-∞(218.1±200.7) ng·h·mL-1,(332.0±25.8) ng·h·mL-1,t1/2(2.2±0.4) h,(2.2±0.2) h,V(202.9±114.2) L,(194.1±24.3) L;CL(63.7±25.4) L·h-1 and(60.6±4.5) L·h-1,MRT0~12(3.4±0.6) h and(3.1±0.6) h.AUC0-12 and AUC0-∞ increased proportionally with the dose levels.CONCLUSION The t1/2,MRT,V and CL were very similar between 10 and 20 mg.No significant differences were observed in t1/2 values between different doses.No significant differences were found in AUC and ρmax men women after dose and body weightnormaliz.


Building information modeling (BIM) 4D simulation's support in construction planning is important given the current trend in decreasing number of experienced construction planners. However, the adoption rate of BIM 4D simulation is relatively low comparing to other BIM uses. An improved BIM interoperability can help achieve more benefits of BIM use. Industry foundation classes (IFC) is an ISO registered data standard for building and construction industry data. It plays key roles in BIM interoperability. In this paper, the authors investigated the feasibility of using IFC-based BIM in creating 4D simulations with three different commercial platforms (Navisworks, Synchro, and Navigator). Experiments were conducted in creating 4D simulations of a simple bridge model and a complex duplex apartment model. It was found that: (1) the 4D simulations were successfully created in all three platforms therefore the feasibility was tested; (2) the IFC-based interoperability in this 4D simulation could be best achieved by using separate architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) objects during importation; and (3) the round trip from 4D simulations back to IFC models was still missing. Future research is recommended to investigate innovative methods that improve 4D simulation using integral IFC models and enable round trip interoperability with IFC models.


Peat reserves in the world are estimated. The results of the peat resource base estimation are given; the uneven distribution of peat resources in the regions of Ukraine is justified. Classification of peat deposits is carried out. Peat resources are calculated by industrial significance, the degree of exploration, development groups. All categories of peat reserves are classified as balance sheet, approved in accordance with the established procedure as off-balance sheet, but at present the use of which is not economically feasible due to small quantity, low power, poor quality, special complexity of operating conditions, or within the limits of polder systems or plots drained from application of drainage, located on the territory of nature reserves or sanctuaries. Today the total area of drained deposits and plots in Ukraine is within the zero depth of 162.0 thousand hectares, within the industrial depth — 1058 Mm2 , geological reserves — 419.6 Mt, the amount of deposits is 395. The degree of land peat formation. The areas of drained peatlands in oblasts are surveyed and analyzed. The country's peat resources are used very intensively and in connection with the privatization of land, it is necessary to predict the further intensification of the usage of peat deposits for the development of collective farming, the priority ransom for individuals and farms, the peat production increase for fertilizers, for the production of insulating plates, litters, etc.


This paper describes the composition structure,functions and advantages of DC metadata,Summaries the question on organization of network information resources in the university library and analyses seriously the application of DC on the organization of library web information resources.


Alum mud (AM), a solid residue, is generated during the manufacture of alum from bauxite ore by digesting with H2SO 4. Because of the use of different bauxite ores and different operating conditions, the chemical and mineralogical composition of AM varies. In general, AM can be characterized as an acidic slurry of very fine particles of aluminum oxide, iron oxide, silica, titanium dioxide, etc. and/or a mineralogy of different phases like biotite, mullite, quartz, hematite, futile, etc. The disposal of high volume-solidwastes like AM, red mud, and fly ash is currently a pressing issue. With the amount of landfill space declining, utilization as a form of disposal is quickly becoming a necessity rather than a choice. Many research groups are working on various productive-use applications of such solid wastes. Though considerable work was done both on fly ash and red mud (Klopries et al., 1990; Emasiri et al., 1992; Daniels et al., 1993; Weng and Hung, 1994; Batabyal et al., 1995; Sur et al., 1996), very little attention was given to AM. Hydrogen peroxide, an eco-friendly oxidant, was used for years in waste treatment to detoxify a wide range of aqueous and gaseous pollutants in the presence of various catalysts (Borup and Ashcroff, 1992; Murakoshi et al., 1992; Lother and Walton, 1993) which are generally present in AM, fly ash, and red mud. The use of mineral-catalyzed peroxide treatment based on 1-I202 has recently received increased attention in remediation of contaminated soil containing various chlorinated compounds, pesticides, etc. where bioremediation may not be effective for high biorefractory contaminants (Watts et al., 1990; Tyre et al.,


Theoretically, resident participation is proposed as an effective means to solve the government-resident conflict in environmental disputes. In reality, however, it does not work as expected. This paper suggests citizen participation as an alternative, instead. In the constructing process of life waste incinerators, residents would not agree to any compromise government offers because they do not trust government and believe negative externality caused by the facilities would overtake its benefit. This paper compares and analyzes the processes of solving government-resident conflicts in two cases, one in Japan and the other in Korea. Both cases succeeded through so-called citizen participation. Citizen participation empowers a committee composed of residents representing people living near the facilities, citizens representing community as a whole, and government officials to decide construction sites and operation.


A novel method based on hybrid integral equation for electromagnetic emission and susceptibility modeling of power-ground planes with a finite size is proposed in this paper. First, the entire computational domain is divided into the internal subdomain including the substrate sandwiched between the power and ground planes and the external subdomain surrounding the power-ground planes. The internal subdomain is modeled by using the integral equation with dyadic Green's functions of the rectangular cavity, while the free-space Green's function is used to model the outside subdomain. These two kinds of integral equations are coupled through the equivalent electric and magnetic currents that are placed on the interfaces. The key advantage of this proposed method is its ability to model both emission and susceptibility problems. This method can accurately simulate the impedance of the power-ground planes and the radiated field. In particular, it is able to predict the induced electric currents inside the power-ground planes that result from external interference sources. Therefore, this technique is able to provide a complete solution for the electromagnetic compatibility analysis of the system-level package.


A component feeding apparatus includes a plurality of mounting the supply cartridge (1), the left-right direction and the cassette feed direction may be positioned and arranged to move a first feed table (9, 9a), located behind the first feed table, and the left and right direction is provided a plurality of mounted component supply cassettes direction (1) of a second feed table (10, 10a) and located at the side of the first feed table, the mobile may be positioned in the left-right direction, while receiving from the second supply station component feed cassette on the component, and the component transfer mechanism (8,8s) of moving toward the front.


A 30 week study reported in the 6 April issue of JAMA of 663 patients at 33 outpatient centres throughout the US has opened a new chapter in the evaluation of tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine; Cognex). The study was led by the manufacturer of the drug, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division of Warner-Lambert Company. Last September the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of tacrine, a long acting anticholinesterase, in Alzheimer's disease.

The study was to determine the effects of high dose (up to 160 mg/day) tacrine in patients with a probable diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with the presence of symptoms …


absorbed their progressivism and their social gospel-inspired sense of what sin and salvation must be. She also offers some tantalizing hints pointing toward the idea that the WMU was the soil in which ideas forbidden to Southern Baptists, such as ecumenism, interregional cooperation, and the social gospel itself, were allowed to grow. This helps to explain why gender became such a fault line in the struggles that rocked the SBC in the late twentieth century and is an authentic and welcome scholarly contribution. The shadow side of these hints, however, is Holcomb's reluctance to recognize that many Southern Baptist women, perhaps more than a few, may have found the social ideas that the Progressive Era leaders of WMU offered in their pamphlets and columns to be misguided. Holcomb's careful, exhaustive research shows that many local WMU groups failed to offer the national organization requested reports on their "Personal Service." Those that did often included activities such as Bible and food distribution that really did not rise to the level of social intervention for which national leaders hoped. When explaining this failure to engage in Personal Service, Holcomb offers a number of explanations, all plausible: that women "failed to grasp the aims of Personal Service" (128) or that the message was "complicated and difficult to communicate" (129). Beyond this, though, Holcomb never truly weighs the possibility that some local Southern Baptist women may have rejected the social gospel of their leaders outright, owing to predictable Southern Baptist conservatism. With that said, even raising this question of historical explanation is only possible because of the careful, clear portrait of the early WMU and its social ministries that Holcomb provides. She is utterly forthright about the fact that WMU's leaders were unusual in their high socioeconomic status and proximity to northern, urban problems through the location of their Baltimore headquarters, and she knows that their embrace of the social gospel has much to do with these circumstances. Altogether, Holcomb has made an important contribution to the growing literature on Southern Baptist women, a body of work that helps historians better understand American Protestantism and the South more generally.


Epitaxial layers of the ionic zinc blende compound CuCl are grown on the (110) surface of GaP. The growth is performed by congruent evaporation from a single CuCl source. Surface and interface properties of CuCl/GaP are studied with Auger electron spectroscopy, ultraviolet and x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, and low‐energy electron diffraction. The interface formed at 100 °C is abrupt, but undergoes a massive chemical reaction which leads to the formation of a copper phosphide layer at high temperature (≥300 °C). The valence band discontinuity is 0.85 eV ±0.15 at the abrupt CuCl/GaP interface. The CuCl(110) surface is atomically ordered and exhibits a (1×1) unit cell. Its atomic geometry is determined by multiple scattering analysis of low‐energy electron diffraction intensities. The surface is found to be relaxed in a way which is entirely compatible with the ''universal'' structure of cleavage surfaces of tetrahedrally coordinated III–V and II–VI compound semiconductors.


To replace mercury lamps with AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet (DUV) LEDs, a simple and low-cost package with increased light extraction efficiency (LEE) is indispensable. Therefore, resin encapsulation is considered to be a key technology. However, the photochemical reactions induced by DUV light cause serious problems, and conventional resins cannot be used. In the former part of this study, a comparison of a silicone resin and fluorine polymers was carried out in terms of their suitability for encapsulation, and we concluded that only one of the fluorine polymers can be used for encapsulation. In the latter part, the endurance of encapsulation using the selected fluorine polymer was investigated, and we confirmed that the selected fluorine polymer can guarantee a lifetime of over 6,000 h at a wavelength of 265 nm. Furthermore, a 3 × 4 array module of encapsulated dies on a simple AlN submount was fabricated, demonstrating the possibility of W/cm2-class lighting.


Assembly lines are one of the most frequently used flow oriented production systems in industry. Although only a few researchers have studied them, two-sided assembly lines are usually utilised to produce high-volume large-sized products such as trucks and buses. In this study, more than one two-sided assembly line constructed in parallel are balanced simultaneously using a newly developed ant colony optimisation algorithm. To the best knowledge of the authors, the proposed method is the first attempt to solve the parallel two-sided assembly line balancing problem using an ant colony optimisation based algorithm. The proposed approach is also illustrated with examples from the literature to show the procedures of the algorithm.


In the process of constructing decision trees, the selecting criteria of classification attributes will directly affect the classification results. Here we presented the classification contribution function (CCF), a new concept based on rough sets theory, which is regarded as the criteria for choosing attributes in the core of attributes. The basic idea of CCF is using of discernibility matrix to determine attribute core (if there is no core, using its reduction). Then through the classification contribution function to determine core classification contribution value and employ the big value as node. Next employing the selected attribute ways to divide decision-making system and each value attribute can produce a subset. The experiments show that, being compared with the entropy based C4.5 and weighted mean roughness, our method can get simpler decision tree and improve the efficiency of classification.


Despite tremendous advances in improving the efficiency of organic solar cells above 14%, the environmental stability of such devices remains an essential and widely inadequately addressed challenge. Understanding the underlying principles of device degradation is a critical step toward further development and commercialization of organic photovoltaics. Herein, we report on the effect of oxygen exposure on the operation and degradation of highly efficient PffBT4T-2OD:PC71BM photovoltaic devices. Ultrafast pump–probe transient absorption (TA) measurements and ultrasensitive photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) in combination with field-effect transistors suggest that oxygen-induced doping of the active layer is responsible for the severe degradation of the photovoltaic performance. We find that light exposure further accelerates this effect without causing photo-oxidation of the materials.


The main surface defects of NO.2 CC slab are caused by slag on the B slabs.It is found that most of the defects concentrate within the first two meters of start up of casting,by spot survey,quality track and defect analysis.The cause of defects on B slabs is analyzed and the relative improvement measurements are also put forward in the paper.


In order to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption and cigarette instudents of a public school and a private one, in the municipality of Chia, during the second period of 2016, data were collected through a survey to establish the frequencies of consumption of alcohol and cigarette through a cross-sectional, descriptive and multicentric study . from a population of 156 students from the eighth to eleventh grades, the sample of 49 (18 men, 31 women) who met inclusion criteria to fill out the survey. The average age for men was 16.1 years, 95% CI [15.0-17.31] and in women 16.2 years 95% CI [15.51-17.06]. Taking as a result the following data: The prevalence of smoking students in the sample was 16.3% higher in men than in women. Most consumption events were recorded in tenth and eleventh grades (75%), at the age of 18 years (75%) in the socioeconomic stratum 2 (62.5%) and students living with single mother or both parents (62.5%). The younger age of first use was 12 (12.5%). For drinking the prevalence was 65.3%, being higher in women than in men. Most events of alcohol consumption were recorded in tenth and eleventh grades (65.6%), at the age of 18 years (53.1%) in the socioeconomic stratum 2 (68.75%) and students living with only the mother or both parents (65.6%). The younger age for starting consumption was 12 years (31.2%). All consumers of alcohol also consume cigarette (100%) in de sample. PREVALENCE, ALCOHOL, CIGARETTES, TABACO, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE.


In modern society, digital images have become a prominent source of information and medium of communication. The easy availability of image-altering softwares have greatly reduced the expenses and expertise required to exploit visual tampering. Images can, however, be simply altered using these freely available image editing softwares. Two or more images are combined to generate a new image that can transmit information across social media platforms to influence the people in the society. This information may have both positive and negative consequences. Hence there is a need to develop a technique that will detect and locate a multiple image splicing forgery in an image. This research work proposes multiple image splicing forgery detection using Mask R-CNN, with a backbone as a MobileNet V1. It also calculates the percentage score of a forged region of multiple spliced images. The comparative analysis of the proposed work with the variants of ResNet is performed. The proposed model is trained and tested using the MISD dataset, and it is observed that the proposed model outperforms the variants of ResNet models (ResNet 51,101 and 151). The proposed model achieves an average precision of 82% on Multiple Image Splicing Dataset, 74% on CASIA 1.0, 81% on WildWeb, and 86% on Columbia Gray. The F1 Score of the proposed method on MISD was 67%, 64% on CASIA 1.0 68% on WildWeb, and 61% on Columbia Gray, outperforming ResNet variants.


The contribution of tourism to economic and social life is different from one country to another, depending on development level and the policy promoted in connection with these activities. Within the economy, tourism is manifested as a means to diversify its structure by creating specific activities such as hotel industry, which takes into consideration not only accommodation and all conditions and comfort created for travelers, but also some various additional benefits, from information to commercial services, non-specific services. A direct contribution of tourism on employment is particularly significant for tourism intensive economies. Currently, tourism provides millions of jobs and international tourism has an important role in increasing and diversifying exports. International tourism influences the balance of payments through foreign currency balance of tourism which can compensate for, reduce or worsen a deficit of balance of payments. In this paper we intend to present an analysis of Romanian tourism from the perspective of several indicators used to indicate the status of tourism in terms of economic instability, given that the difficult economic period felt worldwide is, undoubtedly, felt by the Romanian tourism, too.


CT An experiment was conducte to assess the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Plumeria rubra plants at Pharmacy discipline of Khulna University, Bangladeh during the month of January, 2011. For these purposes the concentrated ethanolic extract of the leaves were used. The crude extract was tested for the presence of different chemical groups and reducing sugar, gum, alkaloid, steroid and tannins were identified from the extract. The biological interest of these compounds, coupled with the use of this plant in traditional medicine prompted us to check Plumeria rubra for antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic activity. The antioxidant test was performed that showed antioxidant property and IC50 of the sample was 39 μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of Plumeria rubra was investigated by disc diffusion method, which showed activity against Salmonella typhi. Moreover, The extract of leaves produced significant writhing inhibition in acetic acid induced writhing in mice at the oral dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (P<0.05), which was comparable to the standard drug Diclofenac sodium at the dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight.


Emotion recognition from text gained a lot of interest in the last years, but some languages such as Arabic (with its different spoken dialects) have not been given such attention. In this paper, we present our work in the Emotion detection of Arabic texts, with a focus on Levantine Twitter Messages. We have constructed a corpus of Arabic Levantine tweets, and annotated it with correspondent emotions. We implemented different methods to automatically classify text messages of individuals to infer their emotional states. We compared the results of different machine learning algorithms, and the inclusion of different features, to determine the best configuration of the emotion recognition system.


To obtain the transmission line information for the maintenance of high and ultrahigh voltage electrical network, some methods of automatic power line and spacer extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images are presented in this paper. Aiming at the features of power lines and spacers in the high-resolution remote sensing images, a local linear detector is used to detect pixels of linear features in any directions. According to the responses of the detector, a score image is constructed, and an optimum method is used to determine the threshold according to different background. Then the pixels of power lines and spacers can be detected automatically from the score image. After thinning of the pixels, a curve fitting method is applied to obtain segments of power lines and spacers. As the influence of many disturbing factors, the detected segments are discontinuous, and there are even some false detections. Based on shape information of the power lines and spacers, the correct segments are chosen, and they are connected into complete form of power lines or spacers. The experimental results indicate that our methods can accurately extract power lines and spacers with different shapes from the high-resolution remote sensing images.


A couple of years ago (Cross, 2009) I wrote about some of the policy directions influencing nurse education and what I saw as the response needed by universities and health services in addressing them. One of the important policy changes was related to health workforce. When I wrote in 2009, the National Health Workforce Taskforce (NHWT) was coming to an end and transitioning to Health Workforce Australia (HWA, 2010). HWA's remit involves:national workforce planning, policy and research advice; access to quality clinical education placements across all health sectors through extended capacity, improved quality and variety in learning opportunities; a national network of simulated learning environments (SLEs); a national program of health workforce innovation and reform; interprofessional practice and a nationally consistent approach to international recruitment of health professionals to Australia.In recent times there again have been initiatives affecting universities and health services as they work toward educating the future health workforce. These schemes include the many HWA calls for submissions related to clinical placements, simulated learning environments, scoping/mapping data and inter-professional education.Moreover, in Victoria we have also seen the introduction of clinical placement networks (CPN) that have the objective of 'streamlining' and 'equalising' the placement of health workforce students within public health services. Networks of this type will be rolled out across all states in due course. Funding has flowed as a result. However, the funding that has been attached to these initiatives does not address the fundamental underfunding of clinical-based courses. Moreover, the assumptions underpinning average clinical hours and the dollar value attached as a 'subsidy' to universities has been seen by many health services as the yardstick by which additional charges will be made based on the assumption that this is the standard amount per student per day. Previously 'free' or 'low-cost' placements are now being paid for out of already stretched clinical budgets.Despite long-term relationships between universities and health services, the real possibility of having these relationships destabilized exists as the market players jostle for their share of the places and the funds available.Important work being undertaken involves workforce training. HWA will develop a national training plan specifically for the dominant professions of medicine, nursing and midwifery practice proposing the most advantageous entry numbers for each professional group over the next 14 years. This will be undertaken to achieve self-sufficiency in health professional supply by 2025. HWA acknowledges that Australia is part of a global market for health professionals and continues to investigate the recruitment of overseas trained health professionals (HWA Workplan December 2010).A statistical resource (database) is being compiled to amass a range of national data relevant to workforce planning, including data from the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Authority (AHPRA). Further, a National Health Workforce Planning Tool is also in development whereby high-level simulation modeling will permit supply and demand projections of the health workforce into the future to be calculated, concurrently providing a facility to analyse various supply and demand scenarios (HWA Workplan December 2010).Using the numbers modeled, HWA will develop a training plan for each profession signifying the number of undergraduate, post-graduate and specialist training positions required each year until 2025 that will be required to meet the goal of self-sufficiency across various geographical locations. Importantly, HWA will also need to address the retention issues of the health workforce and these also need to be modeled.One assumes that funding will follow though this is not overtly stated. Given the scramble for funds during the last round by both education providers and health services, it is understandable that as scenarios are modeled and tested, there will need to be 'testing stations' that are adequately resourced to either confirm or negate the model. …


The problems caused by tax avoidance are not new. During a long period of time, the main forms of tax avoidance were fraud and evasion. Since the beginings of the heighties, new tax policies have distinctly complicated the tax system and induced a very unstable tax law. This is one of the reasons of the increase of tax avoidance. But the economic globalisation and the rise of the NTIC have strengthened this tendance. Thus tax optimization, the "deterritorialisation" of tax bases and the growth of under-taxed economic activities lead to a cut of public revenues. In this process, the particular vulnerability of tax revenues is increased and the struggle against tax avoidance become imperative.


In multivariate frequency analysis, when the number of variables increases, different mutual structures of dependence among the analyzed quantities are usually observed. To correctly model this behavior, a very flexible joint distribution function is needed. A quite simple approach to build such distributions is based on the copula function. Precisely, using the so-called fully nested or asymmetric Archimedean copulas, it is possible not only to focus attention on the structures of dependence overlooking the margins—a property common to all copulas—but also to analyze more complex asymmetric structures of dependence. The aim of this paper is to describe the inference procedure to carry out a trivariate frequency analysis via asymmetric Archimedean copulas. The writers highlight the differences between the symmetric Archimedean copulas and asymmetric ones, show the inference procedure, and carefully describe some goodness- of-fit tests proposed in the literature to choose the best fitting model when one us...


Verbal sequences in Marathi' are worth studying not only because of the crucial role they play in the sentence structure, but also because of the typological interest which attaches to them and to similar phenomena in other modern Indian languages, both Indo-Aryan and Dravidian.2 A recent article by I. M. P. Raeside3 provides a system for the classification of the Marathi verbal sequences in terms of their internal limitations, but does not consider the limitations obtaining between these sequences themselves and the other elements with which they co-occur in complete utterances. The purpose of the present article is to examine these sequences from the point of view of their sentence co-occurrents4 and to indicate the different types of roles which verbal sequences play in Marathi sentence structure.


It is well known that yield strength can be improved by reducing the ferritic grain size (i.e. Hall-Petch's Law) and that through a reduction in the ferritic grain size an increase in a steel's fatigue life is observed. However, the specific effect of grain refinement on rolling contact fatigue life has not been thoroughly investigated. The primary obstacle in researching hardened steels (which possess a martensitic structure) has been the difficulty in obtaining small, uniform grain sizes. Recently, some new methods for the grain refinement of hardened steels have been discovered. One such method is called "Ausforming", which induces a large deformation at temperatures over Ac1. Unfortunately, this remarkable method is as yet unavailable for practical manufacturing. Keeping this in mind, we set out to develop a specialized heat-treatment process. The main objective was to obtain a grain refined martensitic structure within JISSUJ2 (SAE52100 equivalent) bearing steel, produced by a standard manufacturing process, while at the same time minimizing productivity loss. Thus far, we have succeeded in creating a prior austenite grain size of approximately 5 μm in diameter (half that of the conventional grain size). It is believed that the packet or block size of the martensite decreases proportionally with that of the prior austenite grain size. As a result, during RCF testing, the grain refined SUJ2 material demonstrated a fatigue life that was twice as long as carbonitrized steel under both clean and debriscontaminated conditions. In addition, the grain refined SUJ2 material was superior in fracture strength and aged dimensional stability. Therefore, it can be concluded that the grain refinement of existing bearing steels could prove to be very useful in greatly extending fatigue life.


This paper, from the perspective of the Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language, argues for a need for compiling a "country-specific" bilingual learners dictionary for the better learning purpose. An entry in such a dictionary would include an Lx-Ly translation and provide specifications and examples of use of the target Ly word. Based on the Interlanguage Research of Lx and Ly, elements of contrastic semantic, pragmatic, grammatical and cultural analysis, and their error analyses would be incorporated into the entry. It is claimed in this study that a "country-specific" learners dictionary is effective and provides strong pertinence for learners, and would be appreciated by them. Secondly, it advances the idea that Lx and Ly experts and researchers in the field of teaching Lx or Ly should be involved in the building of a "country-specific" bilingual dictionary. Thirdly, it argues that the essence of the communication lies in its two critical characteristics: "understanding" and "expressing". And, finally, it proposes a methodology in constructing its corpus and discusses the theory behind the methodology.


A comprehensive software package, called ANALYZE, which permits detailed investigation and evaluation of 3D and 4D biomedical images is described. This software can be used with any 3D imaging modality, including X-ray computed tomography, radionuclide emission tomography, ultrasound tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and both light and electron microscopy. The package is powerful in its synergistic integration of fully interactive modules for direct display, manipulation, and measurement of multidimensional image data. Several original algorithms that improve image display efficiency and quality are included. One of these is a versatile and powerful volume rendering algorithm. The inclusion of a variety of editing, quantitative mensuration, and macro design tools significantly extends the usefulness of the software. ANALYZE runs on standard Unix computers without special-purpose hardware.<<ETX>>


Iodine molecules, which are volatile, are expelled from an aqueous medium into the gaseous phase by introducing an inert gas at a constant flow rate into the aqueous phase, and the amount of the released iodine is measured as a function of aeration time. In the presence of a nonvolatile solute which associates with molecular iodine, the releasing rate of the volatile solute is reduced with increasing degree of the association between both the solutes in the aqueous medium. The method was applied to the case of association of iodine with α-, β-, or γ-cyclodextrin; the formation constants of the three 1:1 complexes are (1.5±0.1)×104, (1.5±0.2)×102, and 24±3 dm3 mol−1, respectively, at 25.0 °C and low ionic strengths. The complexation of iodine with iodide or bromide ion was also studied; the I3− and I2Br− formation constants are (6.5±0.1)×102 and 16±1 dm3 mol−1, respectively, at 25.0 °C and I=0.1(NaClO4).


Negative emissions technologies target the removal of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the atmosphere as a way of combating global warming. Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a vital negative emissions technology that applied globally could remove gigatons of CO 2 per year from the atmosphere. In ERW, silicate minerals exposed to the atmosphere trap CO 2 via mineral carbonation as thermodynamically stable carbonates. To obtain an atomic scale understanding of the weathering process and to design more reactive silicates for enhanced rock weathering, CO 2 adsorption on low Miller index wollastonite (CaSiO 3 ) surfaces was modeled using density functional theory. Atomic scale structure of (100), (010), and (001) surfaces of wollastonite was predicted and the thermodynamics of their interaction with CO 2 was modeled. Based on surface energy calculations, (001) and (010) surfaces of wollastonite exhibit similar stabilities, while (100) surface is found to be least stable. Depending on the surface structure and chemistry, different CO 2 adsorption geometries are possible. A common trend emerges, wherein CO 2 adsorbs molecularly and demonstrates proclivity to bond with surface layer calcium and oxygen binding sites. Mechanisms for electronic between these most favorable bent CO 2 was bridged between calcium atoms, revealing that the enhancement of the likelihood of this geometry and binding could pave the way to designing reactive silicates for efficient CO 2 sequestration via ERW.


1. Australia A discussion by Michael Kassler in the Robotics Newsletter No. 17 (1995) is concerned with the adoption of a national policy on automation. Under the title 'Does national policy matter?' he considers the importance of governments having such a policy and its importance to the countries themselves. Michael Kassler is the national co-ordinator for Australia and is a member of the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) Executive Committee. The Australian Robot Association has already produced a discussion paper* 'An Automation Policy for Australia', which is a further contribution to the call by the Australian Minister for Industry, Technology and Regional Development in 1993, for ideas concerning Industry, Technology and Regional Development in 1993, for ideas concerning industry policy and, in particular, the benefits of adopting a national automation policy. In his discussion Michael Kassler says that a number of countries round the world, including Japan, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan and (in the past) the UK, have adopted national policies or programmes to promote automation and robotics. He sends two messages that he believes should be promoted internationally: • Automation is a principal means of increasing industrial productivity • Automation generally improves the quality of life. High priority, he believes, should begiven to communicating the importance and value of automation to leaders worldwide and to other people who are willing to listen. He is convinced that we need to do much more at present to achieve these goals. Some time ago at the instigation of the Australian Robot Association the FRA recommended that the OECD Industry Committee undertake a comparative study of national automation policies to determine their actual or likely effectiveness. This has, he says, not materialised, and he is concerned that the IFR continues to ask for such a study which could also include a number of policies proposed in the literature, including those by the distinguished roboticists Meredith "Hiring and James Albus, which have not yet been implemented in any country.


Let f be transcendental and meromorphic in the plane and let the non-homogeneous linear differential polynomials F and G be defined by where k,n ∈ N and a, b and the aj, bj are rational functions. Under the assumption that F and G have few zeros, it is shown that either F and G reduce to homogeneous linear differential polynomials in f + c, where c is a rational function that may be computed explicitly, or f has a representation as a rational function in solutions of certain associated linear differential equations, which again may be determined explicitly from the aj, bj and a and b.


In the title compound, [Cu(C8H5O3)2(H2O)2]·2H2O, the Cu atom (site symmetry \overline{1}) is coordinated by two carboxylate O atoms and two water molecules in a square planar geometry. O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link adjacent complex molecules via the uncoordinated water molecules into a three-dimensional network architecture.


The novel extreme learning machine (ELM) neural network disturbance observer (NNDO) - based sliding mode control (SMC) strategy is proposed for the precise tracking control of a hypersonic vehicle (HV) under various disturbance situations. By converting nonlinear dynamics into state-dependent linear model, the control law design process is simplified, and the sliding mode control law based on the power function reaching rate is designed to suppress the chattering effect. Considering the disturbances, the ELM-NNDO is designed based on the single-hidden layer feedforward network (SLFN). Different from conventional ELM using least square optimization approach, the output weight here is updated based on the Lyapunov synthesis approach. In addition, the influences of the disturbances on the velocity and altitude are attenuated by the direct feedback compensation (DFC), and the offset-free tracking control is realized for the output reference signal. Comparison of simulation results verify the superior control performance of the proposed method.


The producer, selling and utilisation of packed nourishments have supported a preeminent flood lately in India. Food labelling is one of the vital population-based methods that can help customers make beneficial food selections by offering essential information about the food on the packaging. The present study aims to assess the impact of front of package label design on consumer understanding of nutrient amounts among residents of the urban area in Chennai. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area in Chennai. Four hundred participants were studied by convenient sampling method. Participants were from 18 years age and above. The study duration was about three months. A pretested and semi-structured questionnaire was given, and the desired information was elicited. Data was then analysed with the help of statistical package for the social sciences software (SPSS). Chi-square test was done to test the significance (p<0.05). The mean age was of the participants was found to be 27.52 ± 11SD. About 63% of participants preferred packed foods over unpacked foods. And 68% of participants have nutritional knowledge and looked into nutrition facts on the back of the pack. Association of gender and socioeconomic class with knowledge of participants were found to be insignificant. Association of occupation with the frequency of purchasing packed food products was significant. Many people look into the nutrition facts table and do not understand and fail to interpret. It is important to provide front of pack labels for better understanding of the consumers.


Review : The authors give a bijective proof of Gollnitz's partition theorem: The number of partitions of n into distinct parts ≡2,4,5(mod6) is equal to the number of partitions of n into parts with minimal difference 6, the difference strictly greater than 6 if the largest part is ≡0,1, or 3(mod6), and the smallest part is neither 1 nor 3. They also provide a survey of the work of Alladi and others on generalizations of this identity.


We are delighted to present the proceedings of High Performance Graphics 2013. This is the fifth year of the conference, which has become the leading international conference on graphics hardware, systems, and algorithms. The conference brings together researchers, engineers, and architects to discuss the complex interactions of parallel hardware, novel programming models, efficient graphics algorithms, and innovative applications.

High Performance Graphics (HPG) was founded in 2009 to synthesize and expand on two important and well-respected conferences in computer graphics: Graphics Hardware, an annual conference focusing on graphics hardware, architecture, and systems since 1986; and Interactive Ray Tracing, an innovative symposium begun in 2006 focusing on the emerging field of interactive ray tracing and global illumination. By combining and expanding these two communities, we bring to authors and attendees the best of both fields and a conference covering a broad range of interactive 3D graphics systems and algorithm research.

This year's proceedings continue to reflect this tradition of synthesis. Ray tracing has again emerged as a popular topic, and HPG 2013 includes papers on new algorithms for efficiently constructing and traversing ray tracing acceleration structures as well as complementary papers detailing specialized hardware designs for ray tracing. The conference includes papers on classic graphics hardware topics, such as advanced rasterization and real-time shadowing, as well as increasingly important topics such as interactive voxelization and reconstruction. In all 44 papers were submitted to HPG 2013, of which 15 were accepted for an acceptance rate of about 34%.


On total internal reflection (TIR) different phase shifts occur to the p- and s- states of polarization. Therefore the polarization state of the reflected light on TIR is generally elliptical polarized and differs from the state of polarization of the incoming wave. Only in cases where the entering wave has a pure p-or s- state relative to the plane of incidence these polarization states of the reflected wave are unchanged and hence are eigen-states. In optical systems where the optical path is folded via TIR by using prisms, corner-cubes, retro-prisms, etc., the state of polarization of the exit wave will usually differ from the incoming one. In cases where the polarization state should be conserved, correcting retardation elements are applied to compensate the polarization effects on TIR. Instead of these bulk correcting elements, multilayer dielectric thin films stacks could be applied on the desired surfaces. This technique is introduced and discussed. An illustration of this method is represented on a retro - roof - prism of the type 45°-60° -60°.


The paper concerns assessment of students' knowledge based on their learning results in ECOLE system. ECOLE system is an online eLearning system, whose functionality is based on ontologies and semantic technologies. Stu-dents' activity in the system is collected and analysed automatically in the system to give students recommendations on sub-ject terms, concepts or domains they know excellent or poor, to advise them which educational program to choose and which scientific activities in the university are close to the courses they passed best. The system's educational content comes from various sources: linked open data, tests published on the Web, video lectures and tests manually uploaded by the university staff. ECOLE system allows interlinking subject terms from different courses and domains and calculates several educational rates: subject term knowledge rate, total subject term knowledge rate, domain knowledge rate and subject term significance rate. All of these rates are used to give recommendations for a student about the activities he has to undertake to pass a course successfully. A term knowledge rate is calculated using predefined sets of metrics and algorithms. The paper describes the concept of subject term importance in the learning process. Term importance and a total subject term knowledge rate allow calculating the student's knowledge rates for different subject fields and learning courses.


A recent review of the literature revealed that comparatively little work has been conducted with respect to the blood vascular supply of the teeth and oral tissues of many common laboratory animals. The great importance of blood supply as regards the nourishment of normal tissues, as well as its significance in the spread of pathology of dental origin, justifies further investigation of this question. The first known technique employed for demonstrating arterial pathways was conceived by Ruysch, who died in 1731. One hundred years later, in 1831, Dr. Usher Parsons1 published his Directions for Making Anatomical Preparations, a consolidation that was based on the work of Pose, Marjolin, Breshet, and Swan. In contrast to conditions in the eighteenth century, contemporary investigators have at their disposal numerous methods by which blood vascular patterns may be demonstrated in situ. Since most methods involve the replacement of blood by an injection mass, the variation in techniques lies principally in the kind of material that is injected. In 1930, Horton2 studied the vessels of the extremities by injecting mercury and then using radiographs as guides for subsequent dissection. This technique is still employed as a satisfactory method for demonstrating vessels of the lymph vascular system. In 1936, Narat, Loef, and Narat3 presented a method by which multicolored corrosion specimens could be prepared. 0. V. Batson,4 an avid and prolific investigator of vascular channels, has reported considerable work on the meningeal vessels and vertebral veins. By injecting artist's-tube water color and colloidal thorium dioxide, he demonstrated the role of the vertebral veins in the spread of metastases between pelvic organs and the vertebral venous plexus. This work was confirmed in 1951 by Anderson,5 who employed diodrast injections and arrived at identical conclusions. In 1944, Epstein6 introduced a highly efficient method for the examination of the blood vessels of nerves and other tissues. His technique involved a double injection method, using red lead (Pb3O4) in carpenter's glue and the subsequent recording of the injected pathways radiographically. A few years later, Perint7 applied a similar technique to the detailed examination of the blood supply in the jaws and teeth, using cats, dogs, and infants. The versatility of India ink has maintained its popularity as an injection substance for many years. E. B. Ruth8 utilized filtered India ink to demonstrate the gross vascu-


The purpose of this article is to study the ship repair and shipbuilding sector of Turkey in the context of the Black Sea and Marmara maritime transport business cluster. This article shows the main characters of the sector, the biggest Turkish players and the main Turkish regions of the activities. It also briefly describes the main international ship repair and shipbuilding geographical centers in the Black Sea and Marmara region. This paper information will help appropriate professionals to navigate their maritime business to the higher income and to plan the strategy of their enterprises. In addition, the top managers of the interested companies, research and scientific organizations shall take into the account the new regulations of the European Union, Ukraine, the United States and some other countries regarding Ukrainian crisis, which influences on the maritime business not only in the region, but also in the whole world. There are some article statistical figures to think about and to use by the marketing departments of the relevant shipyards and transport governmental organizations. The article will be useful for the maritime colleges and universities lecturers in economics of the maritime transport as well as for the scientific transport, ship repair and shipbuilding research institutes.


Abstract This study compared U.S. and South Korean newspaper coverage of the November 1987 crash of Korean Airlines (KAL) flight 858 over the Thai‐Burma border. Comparisons were made before and after evidence of North Korean terrorist involvement in the crash was uncovered. The findings did not suggest evidence supporting the notion that the press plays up or sensationalizes reports of terrorism with little or no evidence. Even though the U.S. and South Korean press were aware of rumors of North Korean terrorist involvement in the crash before evidence of North Korean involvement was available, the press of both nations did not stress the terrorist angle or North Korean involvement until after evidence supporting North Korean terrorism was uncovered. It was also found that South Korean public officials exercised at least a degree of "agenda control" in directing press coverage to stress North Korean involvement in the crash.


A direct-current low-voltage circuit breaker has an arc chute that consists of a stack of several metallic deion plates. The deion plate is also called a splitter plate. The function of the deion plates is to split the arc into several series short-gap arcs. This phenomenon leads to the emergence of electrode fall voltages in the arc chute, eventually contributing to rise in the total arc-voltage in the circuit breaker and to successful current-interruption. The electrode fall voltage therefore plays an important role for successful current-interruption. The present paper describes the estimation result for the electrode fall voltage vele of the arc between steel deion plates. The estimation is performed by using a newly devised method. This method utilizes the voltage vchute measured across the arc chute and eventually derives vele on the basis of the statistics: a correlation coefficient between an arc-column electric-field strength Ecol and an arc current i. Adopting the devised method enabled us to derive 19 V as vele. Verification is furthermore made to show the validity of the determined electrode-fall voltage, 19 V.


New Virus in DC: Common Sense 1 AZT-Resistant Virus ...................... 4 AZT: Current Realities/Safe Use .... 5 Tribute to Barry Gingell ................. 7 Foscarnet ...................................... 9 Dextran Sulfate Confusion .......... 12 7 Critical Issues ......................... 14 Monitoring Immune Health .......... 15 Organizational Update ................ 17 evidence from studies but on common sense. No major U.S. study of aeropent has focused on its use in primary prevention, let alone measured it against a control such as a placebo. Instead, the case was correctly inferred from similar data on secondary prevention (preventing the recurrence of a disease that has already struck once). While this may sound like an obvious thing to do, especially in the course of major health crisis, but to FDA, it represents a surprising stretch, one which could conceivably invite criticism from Congressional nit-pickers and tightwad insurers. Typical FDA thinking would have demanded new placebocontrolled studies of aeropent before approving primary prevention. The fact that they didn't take this path shows a spark of urgency and common sense at the agency, a spark which we must now fan into flames. In a broader way, it sets an important precedent about how new conclusions can be inferred from existing data, a point we must be quick to build upon in future situations. The one way in which the decision could be improved upon is to simply leave up to the treating physician to determine when and with whom PCP prophylaxis Number 6 A quarterly journal March, 1989


Abstract Diastereoselective formation of internucleotidic phosphorothioate triester bonds was achieved by use of 3-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-4′,4″-dimethoxytrityl (IDTr) as a 5′-hydroxyl protecting group in the phosphotriester approach. After removal of all the protecting groups, stereochemistry of the major product was determined as the Spconfiguration by enzymatic digestion. This paper is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Tsujiaki Hata.


Background Low BMD taken from a single non-dominant hip is typically used to predict fracture; especially in FRAX. However, the average BMD from both hips could be used to predict fracture. No studies to date have questioned whether an average value from both hips predicts fracture better than using the lower single hip value. It is therefore important to consider whether combined hip BMD is superior at predicting fracture compared to the lowest BMD in a single hip. This may be important for clinical practice. Objectives To discover whether low BMD in a single hip predicts fracture better than the aggregate average BMD of both hips. Methods Dual X-ray Absorptiometry scan results of patients referred to a DGH between 2004 and 2010 were used. The following were recorded: age, sex, BMI and BMD. Patients were divided into a fracture and non-fracture group. Baseline characteristics were compared using students T-test for continuous and chi2 test for categorical variables. Logistic models were fitted to determine the predictors of fracture, one using the non-dominant hip, one using the dominant hip and one using the mean BMD of both hips. Fit of the model was assessed by fitting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves Results 14,584 patients were included in the study and 27% had sustained a fracture. Baseline demographics are summarised in Table 1. Linear regression analysis comparing left and right mean hip BMD showed coefficient of 0.948 with 95% confidence interval 0.943-0.953 (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis is summarized in Table 2. Table 1. Table showing baseline demographics of fracture and non-fracture groups Variable Fracture (n=4000) Non-fracture (n=10584) p Age 66.8 (11.3) 62 (12.5) <0.05 Number Females 3,419 (85%) 8,926 (85%) 0.09 BMI (m/kg2) 27.2 (5.6) 26.7 (5.2) <0.05 Total left hip BMD 0.862 (0.15) 0.918 (0.155) <0.05 Total right hip BMD 0.86 (0.152) 0.95 (0.155) <0.05 Total combined hip BMD 0.861 (0.149) 0.917 (0.153) <0.05 Number of patients with left hip lowest 1,893 (47%) 5,198 (49%) 0.05 Data is mean (SD) or numbe r (%) with statistically significant values are p<0.05. Table 2. Table showing logistic regression analysis of fracture and non-fracture groups Hip with Lowest BMD Hip BMD Used to Predict Fracture Odds Ratio 95% CI p Area under ROC curve Left Left Hip 11.86 8.21–17.1 <0.05 0.607 Right Hip 11.77 8.38–16.5 <0.05 0.609 Average Combined Left and Right Hips 11.49 7.95–16.6 <0.05 0.605 Right Left Hip 10.72 7.44–15.45 <0.05 0.604 Right Hip 12.81 9.12–18.03 <0.05 0.612 Average Combined Left and Right Hips 12.63 8.96–17.6 <0.05 0.611 Either Left or Right Aggregate Average hip BMD 12.12 9.42–15.6 <0.05 0.608 Conclusions There is little difference between using the lowest, highest or combined hip BMD to predict fractures. When the total left hip BMD is lowest, this predicts fracture just as well as the higher right or total combined (OR 11.86 vs 11.77 vs 11.49 respectively). A similar pattern is found using the right total hip BMD as lowest (OR 10.72 vs 12.81 vs 12.63 respectively). Linear regression analysis shows that there is a tendency for patients to have similar BMD in both hips; therefore low BMD on one side means it is likely there will be low BMD in the contralateral hip. This may partially explain some of the findings. This is the first time this has been demonstrated, further studies are required to validate this adjusting for potential confounders. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4948


We introduce an iterative process which converges strongly to a solution of the variational inequality problems for η -inverse strongly accretive mappings in the set of fixed points of pseudocontractive mappings. Our theorems improve and unify most of the results that have been proved for this important class of nonlinear operators.


Chitinase is produced by a wide variety of plants as a defense against peste attacks. In this study, grape chitinases were purified 16 times by fractionation in 80% ammonium sulfate followed by dialysis and filtration. Purified chitinases exhibited enzymatic activity toward chitin azure. The yield of purified chitinase was 229 mg/L with chitinase activity of 563 U/g. Chitinases had molecular masses of 24 and 30 kDa, as evaluated by SDS-PAGE 12.5%. Two pH optima were determined 3.0 and 6.0. The optimal temperature was 42 °C. Pre hydrolysis of crystalline shrimp chitin by chitinases caused in an increase in the deacetylation ratio triggered by chitin deacetylase producing chitooligosaccharides with DA (degree acetylation) of 58.8%.


Polyester/Cotton blended fabrics are normally dyed by two-bath or one-bath two-step dyeing method. This paper deals with a new approach involving azeotropic ternary mixture of organic solvents pretreatment to dye polyester/cotton blends using disperse and reactive dyes in one-bath method. The effect of solvent pretreatments on dyeability, fastness, and few physicochemical properties has been investigated involving SEM, FTIR, DSC, and XRD studies, and results are presented.


Protection of confidential information has two main juridical bases, contract and equity. Where the defendant is or was the employee or agent of the plaintiff he may be subject to an express or implied contractual duty not to use the latter's confidential information without his consent Other defendants who receive such information knowing or believing it to be confidential, either from the plaintiff himself or a thiid party, may be subject to an equitable duty of like kind The purpose of this article is to examine the range and scope of compensatory remedies for breach of the equitable duty of confidence. The term 'damages' is sometimes used generically to describe these remedies which are several and different from one another in certain respects? albeit difficult to pinpoint exactly.


We prove that for non-discrete spaces X and Y , (1) If the product space X × Y is suborderable, then both X and Y are hereditarily paracompact and there is a unique regular infinite cardinal κ such that for every z ∈ X ∪ Y , the cofinality from left (right) of z (this notion will be defined precisely below) is either 0, 1 or κ. (2) If X and Y are subspaces of an ordinal, then the converse implication of (1) is also true. Recently, a kind of orderability of X is known to be related to selection theory, see [5, 3]. In this paper, we see the results in the abstract. Spaces mean regular topological spaces. Let < be a linear order on a set X. λ(<) denotes the usual order topology, that is, the topology generated by {(a,→) : a ∈ X} ∪ {(←, b) : b ∈ X} as a subbase, where (a,→) = {x ∈ X : a < x}, (a, b) = {x ∈ X : a < x < b},..., etc. If necessary, we write <X and (a, b)X instead of < and (a, b) respectively. A LOTS X means the triple ⟨X,<, λ(<)⟩. LOTS is an abbreviation of "Linearly Ordered Topological Space". As usual, we consider an ordinal α as the set of smaller ordinals and as a LOTS with the order ∈ (we identify it with <). Similarly a Generalized Ordered space (GO-space) means the triple ⟨X,<, τ⟩ where τ is a topology on X with λ(<) ⊂ τ which has a base consisting convex sets, where a subset A is convex if (a, b) ⊂ A whenever a, b ∈ A with a < b. A topological space ⟨X, τ⟩, where τ is a topology on X, is said to be orderable if τ = λ(<) for some linear order < on X. Also a topological space ⟨X, τ⟩ is said to be suborderable if it is a subspace of some orderable space. It is well-known that orderable spaces are hereditarily normal. Also it is well-known that: (1) If ⟨L,<L, λ(<L)⟩ is a LOTS andX ⊂ L, then ⟨X,<L X,λ(<L) X⟩ is a GO-space, where <L X is the restricted order of <L to 2000Mathematics subject classification. 54F05, 54B10, 54B05,


The data on which this paper is based were accumulated from field work on the two loess belts of Louisiana together with a few examinations of loess at Vicksburg and Natchez, Mississippi. Practically all the evidence points to an eolian origin for the southern loess. Assuming this origin, it appears from two lines of evidence, namely the amounts and thickness and the chemical composition of this loess, that the principal depositing winds were


Most preventable adverse events result from systemic causes, not human error. The senior vice president for patient care/chief nurse at a leading hospital recounts the unnecessary death of a patient and the investigation that followed. Citing the critical importance of a "just culture," this case study offers a blueprint for managing a serious reportable event.


Locking mechanism of aviation aircraft is very important for perform mission.But its study is centralized on experiment field.In order to avoid motion interference of locking mechanism efficiency and design it reasonably,the method of parametric modeling and kinematics simulation was put forward in the paper.The optimum model of dimension calculation was established based on strength analysis of locking mechanism.Its dimension parameter was design.Its solid model was realized based on parametric method.The kinematics simulation model of locking mechanism was established.And its motion state was simulated.The results show that designed locking mechanism has good motion continuity and has no motion interference.It can realize close and open effectively.In the working process of locking mechanism,lock hook is close to lock bar with steady speed before 32 second.They piece on speedily and realize lock tightly after 32 second.Acceleration of lock hook increases quickly and produces larger speed and force in the instancy of lock tighten.This agrees satisfactorily with actual situation.Above results show that the model can simulate the actual motion state of aviation aircraft locking mechanism effectively and offer some theoretical basis for design and use of locking mechanism.


With the purpose to elucidate the nature of luminescence transitions in ZnS crystals, emission spectra from typical luminescence centers, "Green-Cu", "Blue-Cu", Self-Activated, "Red-Cu", and "Red-Cu, In" centers, were measured at various temperatures. The results show that these luminescences can be divided into two growps, A and B, the former including "G-Cu" and "B-Cu", while the latter SA, "R-Cu" and "R-Cu, In". In B group, emission peaks shift towards higher energies with increase in temperature from 4°K accompanied by the remarkable increase of half-widths, while in A group emission peaks shift towards lower energies, half-widths increasing only slightly. These characteristics in B group were accounted for from the theoretical viewpoint based on the configurational coordinate model, indicating that the transition responsible for the luminescences takes place between two localized levels. As for A group it may be concluded that the transition is that of free electron or hole to localized level. Taking...


Most bacterial flagellar proteins are exported by the flagellar type III protein export apparatus for their self‐assembly. FliI ATPase forms a complex with its regulator FliH and facilitates initial entry of export substrates to the export gate composed of six integral membrane proteins. The FliH–FliI complex also binds to the C ring of the basal body through a FliH–FliN interaction for efficient export. However, it remains unclear how these reactions proceed within the cell. Here, we analysed subcellular localization of FliI–YFP by fluorescence microscopy. FliI–YFP was localized to the flagellar base, and its localization required both FliH and the C ring. The ATPase activity of FliI was not required for its localization. FliI–YFP formed a complex with FliHΔ1 (missing residues 2–10) but the complex did not show any localization. FliHΔ1 did not interact with FliN, and alanine‐scanning mutagenesis revealed that only Trp‐7 and Trp‐10 of FliH are essential for the interaction with FliN. Overproduction of the FliH–FliI complex improved the export activity of the fliN mutant whereas neither of the FliH(W7A)‐FliI nor FliH(W10A)‐FliI complexes did, suggesting that Trp‐7 and Trp‐10 of FliH are also required for efficient localization of the FliH–FliI complex to the export gate.


The creative talented person is the good creativity work, creation, invention, has made the big contribution person to the society. They in the personality and the personal character aspect have surmounting in average person's remarkable characteristic. These characteristics mainly display in broad ambition, fearless of the setback the stubborn will and the will; have the perfect personality, unity cooperation spirit and so on. The research creative talented personal characteristic has the extremely vital significance regarding the exploration trained creative talented personal education teaching way.


When I think of Seftor Sanchez, frail, always self-possessed, his cigarette dangling at an oblique angle to his elegant moustache, his shoulders hunched in a perpetual shrug, his fingers long and slender moving in concert with the mad plunging of the needle of his treadle sewing machine, his foot pumping faster and faster the filigreed iron of the pedal until the dining room filled with the wheel's fierce, ecstatic hum and the stitches coolly raced across the blue checked cloth of the baby clothes he sewed to sell at the Saturday market in Mexico City, in this aura of perfect concentration and self-diffident despair at his constant need of pesos, I see the passionate Sunday painter, moonlighting Spanish teacher, much respected tailor of his colonia, who first taught me the full savor of the rare stolen pleasures of making art.


The related literatures in recent 20 years in China were reviewed. Research stage, content, area, and methods are analyzed. Research depth, range, method and case selection have been made progress, however, there still exist many problems. Research content is richer, but there are imitation and repeated researches. Some research contents are insufficient, such as resource combination and community participation integration, analysis of participation background, analysis of community environment, and the analysis of social culture influence. The countermeasures are not enough. The selected regions are widely but they are relatively concentrated, so the choice has certain limitations. The research method is mainly qualitative research, and less of quantitative research. It focused on description and theory analysis, so the method is single and the technical means is less.


Spectral bandwidth (SB) of ultrashort laser pulses (under 100 fs) in commonly used near-IR range can be tens of nanometers. When selecting laser eyewear for use with ultrashort pulses, the "effective" optical density (ODeff) should be calculated from a convolution of the spectral curve for the filter transmission with the spectrum of the laser pulse. We present model calculations of ODeff curves (ODeff versus wavelength) for selected commercial eyewear filters at different pulse durations, assuming a gaussian laser spectrum.Visible light transmission (VLT) is another important laser eyewear characteristic. We use the definition for photopic luminous transmission in the Z136.7-2008 standard to calculate VLT values by convoluting the manufacturer transmission curves with the photopic luminous efficiency function and the spectrum for a CIE Standard Illuminant C source that approximates average daylight over the visible range. We then compare the calculated VLT with what the manufacturers provide and with "lab VLT" measurements that we have made using a light meter and a source provided by standard lab fluorescent or LED lighting.Spectral bandwidth (SB) of ultrashort laser pulses (under 100 fs) in commonly used near-IR range can be tens of nanometers. When selecting laser eyewear for use with ultrashort pulses, the "effective" optical density (ODeff) should be calculated from a convolution of the spectral curve for the filter transmission with the spectrum of the laser pulse. We present model calculations of ODeff curves (ODeff versus wavelength) for selected commercial eyewear filters at different pulse durations, assuming a gaussian laser spectrum.Visible light transmission (VLT) is another important laser eyewear characteristic. We use the definition for photopic luminous transmission in the Z136.7-2008 standard to calculate VLT values by convoluting the manufacturer transmission curves with the photopic luminous efficiency function and the spectrum for a CIE Standard Illuminant C source that approximates average daylight over the visible range. We then compare the calculated VLT with what the manufacturers provide and with "la...


Report describes process of designing corrugated, circular-cross-section length of waveguide converting input electromagnetic radiation at frequency of 34.5 GHz in TM(11) mode to output radiation in HE(11) mode. TM(11)-mode input radiation supplied by gyrotron generating continuous-wave power of 200 kW at 34.5 GHz in TE(01) mode followed by TE(01)-to-TM(11) mode converter. Together, gyrotron and mode converters constitute prototype high-power transmitter for long-distance free-space communication.


In the course of Prof. Fowler's recent observations of the principal series of hydrogen lines in the spectra of helium tubes traces were frequently seen of a band spectrum the origin of which was unknown, and of which no previous record could be found. The most prominent features visually were bands having their heads at about λλ 6400, 5732, 4649, and 4626. The band at 5732 was degraded towards the violet end of the spectrum, the opposite being the case with the other three. Although in the first instance the new bands were always comparatively feeble, they were such a frequent and persistent feature of the spectra of the various tubes that it was thought desirable to investigate their origin, and to determine their positions. It was soon found possible, by choosing suitable conditions of pressure and discharge, to obtain the new spectrum quite brightly, when a number of other bands were observed, some visually and others by photography. These bands were evidently associated with those first noticed.


BY the death of Mr. W. D. Crick, of Northampton, geological science has lost an earnest and amiable local worker. Born at Hanslope, in Buckinghamshire, he was educated for a business career, and became in 1880 a partner in the firm of Latimer, Crick, and Co., manufacturers, in Northampton. His interest in geoloigy and natural science in general was aroused by Mr. Beeby Thompson, F.G.S., who was then headmaster at the old Science School at Northampton. Together the3' noted the strata and collected the fossils of the Lias and Oolites for many a mile around the town. One new species from the Upper Lias of Heyford was named Mathilda Crichi by Mr. Hudleston. and another from the Middle Lias of Daventry was named Trochus Cricki by Mr. E. Wilson. Mr. Crick took up the special study of Foraminifera, and was locally the best authority on this subject. We are indebted for these particulars to an Obituary by Mr. B. Thompson, Journ. Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Soc. (1903), xii, 134 (with portrait). He was author or joint author of the following geological papers : — 1883. "Notes on the Geolojry of AVyminjrtou Tunnel" : Journ. Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Soc, iî 272. 1887. "Note on some Foraminifera from the Oxford Clay at Keystou, jicar Thrapston": ibid., iv, 233. 1889. ' 'The Lias Marlstone of Tilton, Leicestershire" (with K. Wilson) : GEOL. MAO., Dec. I l l , Vol. VI, 296, 337. 1891, 1892. " On some Liassin Foraminifera from Northamptonshire " (with V. 1). Sherbom): Jouru. Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Soc, vi, 2US ; vii, 07.


Assistive technology (AT) improves the functional abilities of individuals with disabilities and enables them to perform activities of daily living independently. Custom-made ATs have recently received considerable attention because generic, ready-made, as-is AT solutions often do not properly address the unique and intricate issues arising from physical impairments. In this paper, we report on a series of workshops with the goal of studying how three distinct types of participants—occupational therapists (OTs), industrial designers (IDs), and an end-user with physical disabilities—co-designed do-it-yourself (DIY) ATs. We conducted a total of four co-design workshops in which we investigated the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach in designing AT solutions. We did so primarily by studying OT–ID–user knowledge exchange processes. The workshop results indicate that such collaboration empowers participants in a synergistic manner, thus giving rise to a combined expertise that is greater than the sum of their isolated skills, knowledge, and expertise. In other words, this combined expertise—comprised of clinical expertise; design expertise; and personal experiences, insights, and knowledge—resulted in the co-creation of novel and advanced AT solutions.


OBJECTIVE: To containment the unhealthy tendency in drug purchase and to promote the healthy and harmonious development of heath service.METHODS: Honest government risk prevention control pattern was established in our hospital,and the system construction was strengthened,furthermore,a scientific operation flow was formulated,and a system of rewards and disciplinary evaluation was established.RESULTS: With the honest government risk prevention control pattern,the centralized public bidding was achieved in 100% of the hospital drug purchasing,the clinical drug use tends to be more and more rational and standard,and the drug use structure became more reasonable,the honest government risk in drug purchase and sale has been effectively avoided.CONCLUSION: This honest government risk prevention control pattern is practical and feasible thus deserving popularized in medical institutions.


Berger's proof of the abstract-alphabet block source coding with a fidelity criterion theorem is shown to be incomplete due to an error by Perez in extending the Shannon-McMillan Theorem to general stationary sources. A result of Pinsker is used to simply and directly complete the proof of the theorem.