Following Polish Women in the Iberian Peninsula For a long time travelling was a men's domain. It was them who went to foreign countries, to universities and to wars. A lot of time had to pass before women appeared on the roads. The first of them set out on journeys in the 18 th century. However, the Iberian Peninsula was not one of the most frequently chosen destinations then. The trail blazed by Wladyslaw II the Exile's daughter, Richeza, until the second half of the 19 th century was very rarely taken by Polish women. The information about another one who had crossed the Pyrenees comes only from the 18 th century. It was then that Konstancja Sanguszkowa supposedly went to the grave of St James in Santiago de Compostela. The next century, and especially its second half, as well as the first decade of the 20 th century, were characterized by a considerable increase in the number of Polish women travelling through the Pyrenees. There were a variety of motives for the journey, as well as for the stay in Spain itself. Some women set out looking for inspiration and fame. At the Iberian Peninsula they achieved spectacular successes, they sang and acted in the most famous operas as well as at the royal court. Jozefina Reszke may be mentioned here, an outstanding opera singer, who had an overwhelming career there. Others, very similar to contemporary tourists, first of all looked for a hot sun, blue skies, beautiful views, Arabian souvenirs, Spanish religiousness, exoticism and romanticism. There were also ones for whom Spain was a refuge during the war. One cannot also help mentioning women working on bringing the two countries together. Sofia Casanova y Lutoslawski and Gabriela Makowiecka rendered special services in this field. Each of the travelers visiting Spain left their trails; however, only some of the trails have lasted until modern times.


A new model, role access control model based on resource abstract(RD_RBAC), is proposed in the paper. The model is formed from the second abstract of the resource during the course of role authorization and the implementation of security policy. Thus , the reduction of role redundant role and management complexity is obtained. The scheme is vertified by the case in management system of university. Compared with traditional RBAC, RD_RBAC is of more applicability and more security.


A main goal of Possibility Studies is to explore the complex cultural-political work of imagining the future(s). As this brief note argues, this task is deeply shaped at present by the narrow notions of reality, and hence of the possible, inherited from Western modernity. Becoming aware of the onto-epistemic foundations of modernity thus becomes essential for the collective journey into the reinvention of possibility.


IN the past, pregnancy has been only seen rarely in women with cirrhosis of the liver. With earlier diagnosis and better medical and surgical care of this condition the obstetrician is likely to see many more of these patients in the future. In a recent interview Nelson and Loughead (1963) were able to collect 10 patients who became pregnant after surgical treatment of portal hypertension. Five of these patients had portacaval shunts, four had spleno-renal shunts and one had a mesenterico-caval shunt. The successful outcome of a portacaval shunt performed during pregnancy has been reported by O'Leary and Bepko (1962). We report below one further case performed on a patient with repeated haematemesis during pregnancy.


The present thesis presents a causal approach to transitivity and proposes a model of transitivity based on the view that a single event is a single 'causal impact', which consists of a single causation and a single effect. It defines semantic intransitivity as events where the effect is borne by and expressed through the actor and semantic transitivity as events where the effect is borne by and expressed through the patient. It finds evidence for this definition in the phenomenon of 'selective specification' of action or result by verbs with actor and patient. Furthermore, it proposes that the verb eat has dual event structures, intransitive and transitive, and uses a Web data test to test and confirm this hypothesis.


Objective:To investigate the efficacy and antiproteinuric effect of losartan in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.Methods:Fourty-three patients were given gOing to 100mg of losartan once daily.Another 39 patients were given 4rag to 8rag of perindopril once daily,The course was 12 weeks.Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM),hepatic and renal function,albuminuria were examined before and after thera- py.Results:The total efficacy rate,amplitude SBP and DBP lowered,and SBP and DBP trough to peak ratio(T/ P)in losartan group were 75%,21mgHg,13mmHg,0.73 and 0.71,respectively,While that in perindopril group was 74%,22mmHg,12mmHg,0.71 and 0.72,respectively(P0.05).Both drugs appear to lower blood pres- sure adequately while inducing a decrease of urinary protein excretion.Conclusion:Losartan is effective in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension while reducing urinary protein excretion and incidence of cough.This profile has been hypothesized to be protective against progression of renal function decline.


Summary: Of the four possible stereoisomers of isoleucine, only L-alloisoleucine and L-isoleucine were found by capillary gas chromatography in the plasma of two maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) patients, one with classical and one with variant MSUD. The relative plasma concentration ratios of L-alloisoleucine/L-isoleucine were 0.795 ± 0.025 (±95% confidence limits) and 0.637 ± 0.016 in the classical- and variant-MSUD patients, respectively. The patients were also studied in the postabsorptive state with a 6-hr continuous infusion of L-[15N]leucine. In each patient plasma leucine 15N enrichment approximated plateau after 150 min, and there was rapid appearance of [15N]isoleucine and [15N]alloisoleucine which were identical at plateau, although in the variant-MSUD patient [15N]alloisoleucine enrichment did not equal that of [15N]isoleucine until 240 min of infusion. These results offer direct in vivo evidence for the rapid equilibrium of plasma isoleucine and alloisoleucine through keto-enol tautomerization of α-keto-β-methylvalerate.Speculation: Infusion of a 15N-labeled, branched-chain amino acid with measurement of 15N incorporation into the other branched-chain amino acids may provide useful information about branched-chain amino acid metabolism and offer a new approach to estimating in vivo branched-chain amino acid transferase activity.


Huyser, O.A. W. 2000. Diet and foraging behaviour of Macaroni and Chinstrap Penguins at Bouvetaya, South Atlantic Ocean. Unpublished MSc (Cons Biol) thesis. Cape Town. South Africa: University of CapeTown. 164 pp. with 3 appendices. Bouveteya (Bouvet Island: 54°25'S, 3°21 'E)· is an isolated island situated in me South Atlannc Ocean. Little biological research has been conducted at this globally important breeding site for seabirds. {aimed to improve our understanding of the foraging ecology of two important consumers of marine resources breeding at Bouveteya. Macaroni Eudyptes chrysolophus and Chinstrap Pygoscelisantarctica Penguins. during visits in December-February 1996/97 and 1998/99. I studied me diets and foraging behaviour of these species to gain a better understanding of resource use and variability at Bouveroya. to assess how extrinsic and intrinsic factors influence community organization in. this depauperate community of marine predators. to determine the limirs (0 foraging in a specialist consumer of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, and to satisfy long-term monitoring (and ultimately conservation) objectives. Macaroni Penguin diets were dominated by three prey in both years: the rnyctophid fish Krefftiduhys anderssoni, krill and another euphausiid Thysanoessa macrura. Seasonal effects were strong: above-average representation of K. anderssoni, krill and T. macrura occurred in diets from the first, second and final third of the chick-rearing period, respectively. Mean foraging depth of Macaroni Penguins in 1999 was 38.7 ± 27.7 rn, but foraging was focused at tWO depth modes (5-15 m & 50-70 m: assessed with time-depth recorders). strongly suggesting that euphausiids were eaten during shallow dives. and fish during deeper dives. Adult body condition explained a significant amount of variation in mean sample mass and number of prey, and was positively related to chick condition. Thus parents in better condition may be able to invest more in their offspring. Female Macaroni Penguins adjusted their behaviour at sea to demands from the chick by conducting shorter trips and diving deeper when chicks were small. This probably allowed them to return lipid-rich fish to the chick and limited their horizontal searching, but may be a more costly foraging strategy than feeding on krill alone. Chinstrap Penguins ate mainly krill in both years. dived shallower (mean maximum depth 25.5 ± 17.9 m) than Macaroni Penguins, and spent a disproportionately greater amount of time at 20-35 m depths. suggesting a focus of feeding activity and hence krill presence. Both species dived less and to shallower depths at night. but conducted the deepest feeding dives at sunrise and sunset. This may result from rapid vertical migration of prey, which may cause disruption of anti-predator aggregating behaviour. or from penguins maximising short-term rates of prey intake in a rapidly changing light regime. Deep diving in Macaroni Penguins may be ultimately limited by light, but most day-time dives are not light limited. probably !)ecause penguins have light levels at. or above which, '-~fer to forage, but can surpass if necessary. Four dive bout types were recognised in Chinstrap Penguins: types were distinguished by length. period since the last dive. bottom time. descending vertical velocity, and mean maximum depth. Type I bouts probably constituted unsuccessful searching behaviour. Type Il bouts appeared co be terminated proximately by penguin satiation. and ultimately by prey patch quality. Type III bouts appeared to occur after a long resting or travelling phase at sea. Type IV bouts appeared co be terminated by declining prey capture rates.. (resource depression), probably resulting from krill escape behaviour. Physiological limitation of diving did not appear to take place, which is inconsistent with the finding that 36.4 % of dives exceeded the Theoretical Aerobic Dive Limit, but suggests that Chinstrap Penguins might possess compensating mechanisms that allow them co maximise the amount 0 f serial time underwater over long intervals. This accords with the finding that Chinstrap Penguins search a comparatively small volume of water for prey. yet have a comparatively short fledging period. and accumulate energy rapidly for the brood at Bouvetaya. Inter-bout intervals indicate that Chinstrap Penguins searched for prey at an average spacing of ca. 320 m. but encountered prey at an average spacing of ca. 400 m. Thus penguins can serve as environmental monitors co gauge the dispersion and patch quality of a variable prey resource. This is important. because existing monitoring programmes that are concerned with impacts of krill shortages on predator performance primarily use land-based measures to assess predator performance at sea. Increased investment in direct monitoring of behaviour at sea will enhance our understanding of predator-prey relationships. The three main diving predators at Bouvetaya (including Antarctic Fur Seals Arctocephalus gazella) are ecologically segregated, with some niche overlap. Chinstrap Penguins are predominantly shallow-diving, inshore-feeding, krill specialists; Macaroni Penguins shallowand deep-diving, offshore. mixed krill and fish generalists; fur seals shallowdiving, .offshore. krill specialists. These niches closely resemble those at other sites. including those where greater numbers of sympatric species occur. Interference competition and aggressive interactions on land between fur seals and penguins indicates that intrinsic community interactions do influence community structure at Bouveteya (primarily penguin demography), but there is little evidence that interactions at sea (predation or competition) structure realised foraging niches. The ecological segregation observed might be an outcome of adaptations by each species to conditions experienced in the centre of their respective ranges. Inferred large-scale environmental variability in marine resources did not exist during the study, but small differences in trip length. prey size distributions and digestion show that small-scale environmental differences did exist.


The study attempt to determine the relative importance of total quality management (TQM) and supply chains in Jordanian public shareholding companies, as well as the impact of total quality management in its dimensions (focus on the customer; senior management commitment to quality; focus on improving operations; and worker participation in decision-making) in supply chains with its combined dimensions (Supply Chain Efficiency, Customer Response, and Product Innovation) in Jordanian public shareholding companies.
The descriptive analytical approach was employed in the study, as well as the comprehensive survey method, which was applied to the full study community and to 162 persons working in Jordanian public shareholding industrial businesses at the upper and middle administrative levels. The study tool was delivered to them in the form of a questionnaire created by the researcher specifically for this purpose. A total of 157 valid questionnaires were obtained for statistical analysis. The study revealed a number of findings, the most important of which are: the presence of a high level of total quality management and supply chain performance in the study sample companies, as well as the presence of a statistically significant effect for all dimensions of total quality management on supply chain performance in those companies. The study recommended that Jordanian public shareholding industrial companies continue to improve total quality management dimensions through their understanding of their importance in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness, achieve strategic growth and business success, and develop and improve supply chain performance.

Keywords: Total Quality Management (TQM), supply chain performance, public shareholding industrial companies, Jordan.


Tobacco use is associated with a variety of oral precancerous lesions and cancer. The lesions caused by smokeless tobacco can be reversed by quitting the habit at an earlier stage and providing appropriate treatment. Thus, proving the importance of early diagnosis in prevention of debilitating diseases caused by tobacco use. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and tobacco consumption patterns among industrial workers of an Indian city. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 1500 industrial workers and ethical approval was obtained and informed consent was obtained from the subjects. Tobacco related habits and oral mucosal lesions were recorded using WHO pro forma for recording Oral Mucosal diseases. Tobacco usage was prevalent among 70.8% and prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 30.8%. The odds ratio (OR) for smoking, gutkha chewing, ST (Smokeless Tobacco) and alcohol consumption was 1.08, 1.7, 5.2 and 1.6 respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the adjusted OR for smokeless tobacco usage (i.e. ST and gutkha) was 12.1.Smokeless tobacco usage was found to be the strongest risk factor for precancerous and cancerous lesions of oral cavity. It is recommended to conduct regular screening and health education program for the industrial workers.


The paper is based on interviews with a sample of 50 general practitioners. It explores their concepts of time' and 'task' in relation to their attempts to create satisfying work roles. There is a contrast between practitioners in urban and rural settings. For urban practitioners the economy of time as a scarce resource generates an element of risk from brief, 'routine' diagnosis. For rural practitioners time is not seen as a scarce resource, but they face the risk of working without additional specialist services. For most practitioners the problem is dealt with pragmatically by varying the mix of risky and routine work.


Alpha Lipoic Acid (L.A.) is an effective natural antioxidant discovered in the human body in 1951 from L.J. Reed and I.C. Gunslaus from liver. It is inside broccoli, spinach and red meats, especially liver and spleen. Actually it is largely used as antioxidant in antiaging products according to the low toxicity level of the product. The present study take into consideration the possibility to reduce oxidation of medical irradiated UHMWPE GUR 1050, mixing together polyethylene powder and Alpha Lipoic Acid powder. The study is composed of two parts. Part 1 Thermostability of alpha lipoic acid during polyethylene fusion Part 2 detection of oxygen level in artificially aged irradiated polyethylene Solid pieces were made with Gur 1050 powder (Ticona Inc., Bayport, Tex, USA) and mixed with Alpha Lipoic Acid (Talamonti, Italy, Stock 1050919074) 0, 1% and gamma ray irradiated with 30 kGy (Isomedix, Northborough, MA). An oven (80° Celsius) was used to produce an aging effect for 35 days in the doped and control samples (Conventional not doped polyethylene). This process simulate an aging effect of 10 years into the human body. THERMAL STABILITY: a Fourier Transfer Infra Red (FTIR) test was made in pieces molded in a cell at 150° and 200°Celsius and pressure of 200 MPa comparing to the UHMWPE powder mixed with alpha lipoic acid. The presence of Alpha Lipoic Acid in the polyethylene was found at any depth in the manufacts. figure 1: A Pure Lipoic Acid. B Lipoic Acid + UHMWPE melted 150° C. Lipoic Acid + UHMWPE melted 200° C° (A And B spectra subtracted UHMWPE) OXIDATION: After 5 weeks at 80° Celsius in a oven (ASTM standard F-2003-02)A FOURIER TRANSFER INFRA RED TEST (FTIR) was made in the superficial layer and deeper on the undersurface of doped 0.1% and conventional UHMWPE. The antioxidation limit is defined as the ratio of the area under 1740 cm/−1 carbonyl and 1370 cm/−1 Methylene absorbance peaks. In conventional UHMWPE oxidation is detected on the surface and decreases in the deeper layers down to zero under 1500 Micron Fig 2. figure 2 Pure polyethylene: A Surface, B 1500 Micron, C 3000 Micron In the doped UHMWPE, FTIR demonstrate a very low oxidation limit on the surface and at any depth, comparing to conventional UHMWPE Fig 3. figure 3 Doped UHMWPE A surface, B 700 micron deept, C 1700 micron deept The examples show that Lipoic Acid is effective as antioxidant in irradiated UHMWPE and it is stable with respect to thermal treatment.


Studies on participation in health are based on different theoretical and methodological approaches and dialogue with different contexts and local problems, producing formal and informal collaboration networks that contribute to the development of the theme. This article analyzes informal collaboration networks on the topic of participation in health through the analysis of citations in common by authors who have published on the topic. To this end, a bibliometric analysis of articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese was carried out based on searches carried out in VHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, WOS and SciELO, consolidating a database with 641 references. With the help of the VOSviewer software, we analyzed patterns of bibliographic coupling and co-citation of references. Bibliographic coupling represents the indirect interaction between pairs of documents, authors, organizations or countries in a given area of research and occurs when two of the aforementioned subjects share at least one bibliographic reference in their publications and the co-citation comprises the frequency in which two authors are mentioned. cited concomitantly in a work. The analysis offers an overview of what has been studied and applied in the field of health in terms of participatory methodologies, which points to the importance of comparisons and syntheses at an international level to renew research fronts and practices related to participation in health.


Europeana is a web-based portal that enables people to explore the digital resources of Europe's museums, libraries, archives and audio-visual collections. It promotes discovery and networking opportunities in a multilingual space where users can engage, share in and be inspired by the rich diversity of Europe's cultural and scientific heritage. The environment in which Europeana operates is volatile, and influenced by unpredictable technological, political and financial forces. While the volatility of these forces can act as a threat, right now they also highlight the potential of Europeana as a force for cross-border integration, a platform for digital innovation and a vehicle for growth. This paper provides an overview of Europeana's success stories over the past year, which has been one of substantial change, fresh initiatives and significant innovation, as well as some of the discussions surrounding the technical challenges of heritage digitization (e.g. copyright, licensing, content sourcing, data models) and the project's plans for distribution and engagement in the forthcoming years.


Objectives: In South Africa, the introduction of the Medical and Related Substances Act R. 586 has focused more attention on the role of medical devices in health care. The objectives of this study were: a) to explore how the introduction of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) of in vitro diagnostic devices (IVD) can optimise the National Health Laboratory Service's (NHLS's) diagnostic test budget and b) increase test coverage to the public sector. Methods: A literature search was conducted using multiple databases to understand how the assessment and management of Health Technology (HT) is conducted in established HTA organisations. In particular key searches were in vitro diagnostic medical devices. The study was limited to HTA organisations involved with Health Technology including all those who have adopted a Health Technology Management (HTM) system for medical devices. In particular, key searches included the annotation: in vitro diagnostic medical devices. Results: The NHLS is the largest pathology service in the world. The decisions made in the diagnostic environment of NHLS can be compared to hospital based HTA. The literature review provided an overview of factors enabling the NHLS to determine whether new health technologies should be adopted. Those included, whether decision processes were appropriate, how to evaluate the methodology for IVD evaluations and how to assess factors likely to influence decisions and suggestions for current process improvement. Conclusion: Improved decision making on the acquisition of new health technologies in pathology services through the use of the HTA framework can help reduce IVD acquisition expenditure. This will help in alleviating the ongoing cost of healthcare and allow present and future substantiality to be maintained.


It is early January in Edmonton, the time of year when 'a nice day' means it is brilliantly sunny and cold rather than cloudy and cold. One bonus is that we no longer have to even consider arthropod-borne disease in the differential diagnosis for non-travellers! I would wager that the only Latin phrase that almost all English-speaking physicians would be able to accurately translate would be 'Primum Non Nocere' (First, do no harm). Harm in paediatrics consists of not only suggesting remedies that result in adverse events but also advising parents or the health-care system to spend their limited, hard-earned cash on remedies that have no efficacy. It is vital to educate healthcare workers about therapies that have been proven to not be worthwhile. Thus, we are introducing a new column in this issue entitled 'Eco-Paediatrics . . . . Reducing waste in child health one intervention at a time'. The premiere column outlines therapies that are of no value for otitis media with effusion (1). A common concern amongst clinicians is that parents will seek help elsewhere if they are sent home with reassurance rather than a prescription. However, two studies have shown that when properly informed, parents are satisfied with delayed or no antibiotic prescriptions for acute otitis media (2). A study from the US published a decade ago showed that even if provided with an 'emergency prescription', most parents managed their child with acute otitis media without filling the prescription (3). We need to recognize that the relationship between going home with a bottle of medicine and parental satisfaction may be markedly over-estimated by clinicians. Moving from the level of the patient to the level of the public payer, there is increasing interest in the notion that the correlation between cost and improvement in quality of health deserves to be a key factor in deciding which interventions should be promoted (4). Cardiff Child Protection Systematic Reviews (CORE INFO) is a product of collaboration between the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and the Early Years research section of the Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Department of Child Health, School


Slum Improvement Projects (SIPs) are integrated urban development projects which incorporate physical improvements in water and sanitation, drainage, access, garbage collection and electricity, primary health care and community development programmes such as pre-school, non-formal education, adult literacy and economic development. The Overseas Development Administration (ODA) is currently funding SIPs in five Indian cities Hyderabad, Vishakhapatnam, Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh), Indore (Madhya Pradesh) and Calcutta. A further two projects are planned in Cuttack (Orissa) and Cochin (Kerala). These projects are implemented either by government municipal corporations or development authorities.


Abstract Healing patients who have to live in a destructive environment demands of us as homeopaths to also participate in the healing of the whole system. Setting homeopathic work into a global context we can see that with our large experience of working with crises, we can well contribute to a solution of the global problems. For many reasons, homeopathy can serve as a model of a sustainable healing art. Seeing ourselves as part of a global community of workers for change will also help us to be perceived in a different way.


Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that causes significant physical and emotional burden for the patient who experiences the disease. For dermatology care providers, it poses numerous challenges including determining the severity of the disease and its impact on the patient. Understanding psoriasis disease severity is important to provide appropriate treatment modalities and to educate patients about their risk for significant comorbidities. Determining psoriasis severity also becomes important when one is participating or reviewing psoriasis clinical trials, attempting toobtain FoodandDrugAdministrationapproval for psoriasis treatments, or whenobtaining health insurance reimbursement. Despite the importance and usefulness of determining psoriasis disease severity, there is no widely accepted standard or tool that is used to determine psoriasis disease severity. This article provides a review of the most common tools and methodologies used to determine psoriasis severity and discusses the potential positive impact that severity categorization may have on the patient's disease management. Documenting psoriasis severity is important for the patient in that it may enable the patient to qualify for important clinical trial studies. Itmayalso enable thepatient to obtainmuchneeded therapies through insurance companies, many of whom require disease severity categorization to approve payment for these often costly medications. In addition, categorizing and documenting the severity of psoriasis can be meaningful for the provider in that it provides a framework to indicate improvement (or lack thereof) of currently prescribed therapies.


Movements in the yield curve reflect the interplay of monetary policy actions, various macroeconomic conditions as well as the demand and supply conditions in the bond market. We examined the observed periods of flattening of the Malaysian yield curve, paying additional attention to episodes that took place following the active efforts to develop the bond market beginning in the early 2000s as well as the financial liberalisation measures implemented after the Asian Financial Crisis. We also assessed the possible factors that contributed to the compression in yields. The various impact of increased foreign participation in the domestic bond market were also studied, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Specifically, it was found that foreign participation in the ringgit bond market is statistically significant in determining long-term sovereign yields. Finally, policy implications arising from the flattening yield curve phenomenon in Malaysia were also analysed.


It's already no longer necessary to prove the need for transferring to the "green production of steel", which is called out to make the manufacturing process more environmentally friendly. There are several directions to pursue in this area. The first is considered to be the most environmentally impactful now: that is switching from carbon to hydrogen. Carbon-reducing agents are replaced with hydrogen in different ways.


Much has been written about the impact of globalisation in the corporate world. Most of those involved in the corporate world are aware of the impact of globalisation on their business activities and are taking required precautions. Actions followed include mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances. These actions are aimed at ensuring their survival and profits in the face of increasing competition. In contrast, institutions of higher education in South Africa are lagging behind in this regard. The decline in student numbers and cut in government subsidy make it necessary for these institutions to examine the private sector for strategies aimed at protecting their survival and profits. This article touches on activities often encountered in the corporate world and suggests that institutions of higher learning can learn from these actions. The purpose of this article is to impress on the reader that globalisation has increased competition and that, in order to survive in a competitive market, higher education institutions must improve and sustain their competitiveness. Other public institutions and government departments are rising to the challenge and those involved in higher education should do likewise.
 South African Journal of Higher Education Vol.16(1) 2002: 74-81


Abstract Starting with 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil 1 a structural analog of the NNRTI Nevirapine 16 is synthesized in a sequence of two ring anellations and a Beckmann rearrangement. The anellation behavior of 3 is studied in general leading to the anellated systems 5, 7s-c, 12 a-c.


Abstract Yackwa is used as one of foods prepared for traditional rituals and holidays and enjoyed as snacks. Since Yackwas are fried,they contain oil, which can cause rancidity and undermines the freshness of Yackwas during distribution to retailers, not tomention a high level of calories. The study aims to develop baked Yackwas and analyze the quality in terms of calorie levels andcharacteristics by baking Yackwas in oven. Calorie level was 4.65 kcal/g in fried Yackwa, 3.96 kcal/g in baked Yackwa, and2.95 kcal/g in baked peanut Yackwa prior to dip coating of grain syrup. baked Yackwa showed hardness of 13476.33 g/cm 2 before dipping in grain syrup, which was harder than 1912.56 g/cm 2 of fried Yackwa. After grain syrup coating, hardness ofbaked Yackwa reduced more significantly, compared with that of fried Yackwa, as grain syrup permeated through texture ofYackwa. And less hardness makes baked Yackwa tastier. Sensory evaluation was measured in a 5-point scale. Scores for textureand taste of baked Yackwa outpaced those of fried Yackwa. Score for the overall quality was 3.65 in baked Yackwa and 3.25 inbaked peanut Yackwa, compared to 2.85 of fried Yackwa, indicating a higher potential of commercializing(p<0.05).Key Words : baked Yackwa, baked Yackwa with peanut, fried Yackwa, calories, expansion


ABSTRACT The 'City of David' in Silwan is on the original site of Jerusalem. Located in Israeli-occupied East Jerusalem, it is both an illegal Israeli settlement in a Palestinian neighbourhood and a popular international tourist destination. This article examines how the site is narrated by tour operators and tourists through fieldwork, interviews and analysis of tourist comments on the TripAdvisor site. It argues that Israeli settlers have successfully harnessed tourist discourse in order to present their vision of a Jewish Jerusalem in which Palestinian existence is ignored or treated as a threat. The site allows tourists to connect to and experience a mythical biblical past, something which answers to tourist desires to have an authentic encounter with the destination culture. In the site's narratives, the presence of Palestinians in the area is elided over through spatial and linguistic separation and by denying their legitimate presence. This indicates how the congruence between Zionist and tourist discourses discursively legitimises Israeli colonisation of Silwan.


There are two theories on the kinetics of luminescence in KCl: Tl, KBr: Tl and KI: Tl, which are given in the papers [4 to 6] and [7 to 9]. In the present paper these theories are compared with known experimental results and this is found to lend support to the works [7 to 9].

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In view of problems of large nonlinear error and low accuracy of approximate linear output curve of carrier catalytic gas sensor,the paper proposed a method of using the least square method to establish function relationship between output voltage and gas volume fraction of carrier catalytic gas sensor.It took MJC4/2.9J carrier catalytic element as experimental object,combined with corresponding experimental data to get fitting curve of output voltage and gas volume fraction,the fitting curve result showed that the function relationship between output voltage and gas volume fraction of gas sensor by using the least square method has small nonlinear error and high accuracy.The function relationship was applied to design of gas detector,the actual application result showed that the gas detetor has higher accuracy and stability.


Although it seems that the technology used in MRI is technologically advanced, we now use MRI to detect tumors based on human skills and knowledge. Although this method is proven to be accurate in most cases, sometimes the human eye does not work until it detects a slight deviation. In countries like India, there are no oncologists or neurologists. According to a report from 2018, the country is facing a shortage of health workers, with only 2,000 cancer specialists treating 10 million patients in rural areas, where the number of cancer specialists is very low, and its condition worse.


Abstract Mesolithic populations from coastal areas are known as hunter-gatherer-fishers. This way of life is visible in the landscape owing to the presence of large accumulations of shells named shell middens. These anthropogenic refuse heaps are composed of high proportions of marine resources, yet studies dedicated to marine components are relatively recent. Efforts have been made to record marine molluscs, but other minorities are still invisible as a result of the small sizes of archaeological remains. Crustaceans are one of these minorities and this article will focus on one of them: crabs. Why are these decapods persistently ignored by most of archaeologists? Is this due to the scant presence of their remains in Mesolithic shell middens? An overview of published data on crabs is presented here for the Mesolithic period on the European Atlantic façade. The proportions of shell middens comprising these crustaceans is evaluated, as well as quantities and identified species. We endeavour to identify the potential impact of excavation methods and sampling on our knowledge of this marine resource. We present the methods developed to extract data from small archaeological crab remains and show how, from a fragment of a crab finger extremity, we can identify the species and estimate the original size of crabs. This methodological challenge has a major impact on our knowledge of past maritime populations.


In order to set before you, at the very beginning, the matter that I address here, allow me to bring to your attention a poem written by Victor Hugo over a century ago (1872).


Since the Covid-19 pandemic, various mathematical models have been developed to describe its spread using the compartment model. The purpose of this research was to construct a new model of Covid-19. This formulated model is an application of SEIRS epidemic model by Zhang & Teng (2007) and a modification of the Covid-19 model by Chatterjee et al. (2020) by adding variations of quarantine. The model is analyzed by determining the disease-free fixed point and basic reproduction number 〖(R〗_0) through the next generation matrix method. The next step is to analyze the sensitivity to find out the parameters that have the most influence on the spread of Covid-19. The disease will not spread in the population if the value of R_0<1, while the disease will spread if the value of R_0>1. The result of the sensitivity analysis stated the parameters that can be controlled and have the most significant effect, respectively, are the transmission rate from symptomatic infected individuals (β_2 ),transmission rates from asymptomatic infected individuals (β_1 ), quarantine rates for symptomatic infected individuals (θ_3), and quarantine rates for asymptomatic infected individuals (θ_2). Parameters β_2 and β_1 have a negative index, while θ_3 and θ_2 have a negative index. It means decreasing the transmission rate from infected individuals and increasing the quarantine rate for infected individuals can decrease the spread of Covid-19. Therefore there will not be an outbreak in the long term.


Tritium fractionation factors (a) were measured for the system of pyrrole-water and 2,5-dimethylpyrrole (2,5-DMP)-water mixtures in liquid phase. The a values of N H groups ( " n h ) were 1.21 (pyrrole) and 1.19 (2,5-DMP) at 25 °C. Those of C H groups (aCH) were 0.85 (pyrrole) and 0.74 (2,5-DMP). The a ^ n values depended on the concentration of pyrrole in some organic solvents, showing characteristic features for each solvent. The relation of <*NH against concentration of pyrrole was notably different from that obtained by the previous authors. The results are discussed in relation to hydrogen bonding of the N H group.


Fusicoccin induces stomatal opening in both the light and dark. The stomatal aperture and K content of guard cells was measured to determine whether the action of fusicoccin in inducing stomatal opening is directly related to the uptake of K by the guard cells. Both detached and attached epidermis was treated with fusicoccin and the K content was determined by staining with cobalt sodium nitrite or by electron probe microanalysis. The K content of guard cells in detached epidermal strips floated on 10 uM fusicoccin in 10 mM KCI and aqueous CH30H (0.02 %, v/v) increased in the light and dark as the stomata opened. After exposure to fusicoccin for 6 hr in the light, however, the stomata were closed and no K could be detected in the guard cells. The K content of guard cells of attached epidermis painted with fusicoccin also increased as the stomata opened, but the concentration of K in the subsidiary cells was not significantly altered by fusicoccin-stimulated opening. Moreover, painting with fusicoccin did not significantly change the Ca and P content of the guard or subsidiary cells. Stomata of epidermal strips, opened to their maximum width by fusicoccin, showed only a small and temporary closure when transferred to a solution of 10 UM abscisic acid. The use of metabolic inhibitors suggested that energy for the uptake of the K may be provided by both photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.


The bark of the cinnamon tree has a long history both as a spice and as a medicine. It has been reported that the healing abilities of cinnamon come from three basic types of components in the essential oils found in its bark. This present study was to assess the microbial contamination that might arise as a result of recommended drying methods and the efficacy of extracts from different dried cinnamon parts on selected microorganisms. Oven dried samples recorded no microflora due to the high temperature in the oven destroying all vegetative cells in the samples. The root bark samples had a higher microbial count than the stem barks. None of the extracts from both the dried stem and root barks was effective at inhibiting the growth of E. coli. Cold water and ethanol extracts of the stem bark did not have an inhibitory effect on S. aureus. Hot water extracts of the shade dried samples did not show any inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the inhibition of P. aeruginosa, oven dried samples showed a higher zone of inhibition than samples dried under shade. © 2016 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Food Sci. 94 (2016) 40157-40159 Food Science Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Daniel Osei Ofosu et al./ Elixir Food Sci. 94 (2016) 40157-40159 40158 plate count agar and recordings taken at 48 hours of incubation at 32 -35°C. 2.4 Microbial efficacy of cinnamon Isolation of the Test Organisms The test organisms used in this study consisted of two Gram-negative and one Gram-positive isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) obtained from the Food and Medical laboratory of the Radiation Technology Centre of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission. The test organisms were cultured on agar slants and stored in the refrigerator at 4°C. Subcultures were made at two-week intervals. 2.4.1 Preparation of extracts Cold water, hot water or ethanol extracts were prepared in a ratio of 5g per 30ml. Five (5) grams of each sample was immersed in 30ml of each solvent. These were kept at room temperature (30±2 o C) for 7 days. The samples were stirred every 24hrs to ensure effective and even extraction. The extracts were then heated for five minutes to obtain pure extracts of the root and bark of the plant. The extracts were stored at 5 o C prior to use. 2.4.2 Inoculation of extracts Antibacterial activity was assayed by disc diffusion method. For all bacteria strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), overnight cultures grown on their respective agar plates were adjusted to an inoculum's density of 0.5 McFarland standard. Further, 20 μl was spread onto 20 ml of sterile Mueller Houtin agar plates by using a sterile micro pipette. The surface of the medium was allowed to dry for about 3min. Sterile filter paper discs (5 mm in diameter) impregnated with 20μl of different test extracts were then sited on the surface of these agar plates and labelled. The plates were then incubated at 37±1 o C for 24hours. The zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters using a transparent scale. Each extract was analyzed in triplicate, the mean values are presented. 3.0 Results and Discussion It has been reported that the microbiological contamination of herbs arises from several sources, including the indigenous microflora of plants, microorganisms present in the air, post-harvest contamination from dust and from human contact [7]. The samples dried in the oven recorded no microflora (Table 1). This could have been due to the high temperature in the oven destroying all vegetative cells in the samples. Spores of the dried samples could however be present but had not resumed its vegetative activities. An extended storage might result in microbes being recorded in the oven dried samples. Table 1. Effect of different drying methods on the microbial count of Ceylon cinnamon. Shade dried samples recorded microbial counts. The root bark samples had a higher count than the stem barks. This was expected as the root was in direct contact with the soil. Oven drying was a better option for the initial decontamination of Cinnamomum zeylanicum. This present finding corroborates the earlier finding by Darfour [6] on the most effective drying method for Cinnamomum zeylanicum. During cleaning and processing, there is progressive reduction in the number and types of microorganisms; those remaining are usually aerobic spore-forming bacteria and common moulds [8]. This might account for the microbial count of the Ceylon cinnamon used in this work. Since it was cleaned prior to being used for the work, this might have accounted for the drastic reduction in the microflora. Table 2. Antimicrobial efficacy of fresh Ceylon cinnamon root and stem barks.


This paper proposes a robust background estimator for fixed cameras, to be used for foreground segmentation in tracking systems. The estimator is based on a variation of Stauffer's dynamic background algorithm, where the background learning rate is spatiotemporally adapted. The adaptation is based on the position, size and velocity of the various foreground objects already detected. The evidence for the initialization and tracking of the foreground objects is obtained by combining a pixel map showing the temporal persistence of each image pixel and the edge binary image. The spatiotemporal adaptation of the learning rate overcomes the problem of fading immobile or slowly moving objects into the background encountered in all to-date variations of Stauffer's algorithm, while the combination with edge information allows for objects already present in the scene at startup time and new objects to be treated by the same image processing module


ABSTRACT The influence of different amounts of anionic copolymers of N-Methyl N-vinyl acetamide (NMVA) and acrylic acid with various charge densities on the formation of the lamellar liquid crystal formed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/decanol/water was investigated by means of polarization microscopy, small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy and rheology. On the contrary to the incorporation of poly(acrylic acid)


Introduction: Educational measurement at the higher education level is now based on the assessment of a student's progress, with particular emphasis on the measurement of learning outcomes. Evidence-based assessment, as a good practice, should be applied in any well manager higher education institution which attempts to adjust its educational policy to the changing needs and requirements of the labour market. Aim of study: Analysis of the reliability and validity of the system of assessing students' performance in subjects terminating with an examination at the second-level studies in the field of nursing. Materials and Methods: Examination data of 901 students in the field of nursing who undertook second-level studies at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw (MUW) in the years 2006/07–2012/13 were qualified for the study. Retrospective analysis covered educational performance in ten subjects which terminated with an examination: Management in nursing, Principles of psychotherapy, Theory of nursing, European nursing, Epidemiology, Medical didactics, Psychiatry, Medical services, Family planning, Law in health care. The internal cohesion of the assessment system was evaluated with alphaCronbach coefficient. The concordance of the educational measurement for individual subjects was evaluated with the use of ANOVA Friedman non-parametric test with Kendall's coefficient of concordance. The theoretical validity assessment was performed with the use of two methods: 1) rSpearman's rank correlation coefficient to estimate the inter-correlation of educational performance; 2) exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation of raw factor loadings. Results: The overall reliability measurement for the ten analysed subjects was alpha-Cronbach = 0.605. The total comparative analysis of mean grades obtained by students in the years 2006/07–2012/13 reveals that the worst assessed area was Epidemiology (mean grade 3.2 ± 0.73), while the best Principles of psychotherapy (mean grade 4.8 ± 0.40). For all the remaining subjects students' mean grades ranged from 3.6 to 4.4 which indicates an average level of concordance (Tau Kendall's coefficient 0.34). Results of the internal structure of students' performance assessment show that two subjects Principles of psychotherapy and Medical services do not show significant positive inter-correlations with the remaining subjects. The assessment of validity by means of the factor analysis revealed that four subjects form separate domains of the assessed educational performance. The strongest distinctness was registered in the case of Principles of psychotherapy while a medium level of distinctness was observed in Medical services, Psychiatry and Theory of nursing. Conclusions: The estimated reliability and validity of the applied methods of nursing students' performance assessment allows to validate and further monitor the quality of the assessment system. In future, it will be necessary to evaluate the criterion validity by estimating the prognostic capacity of the principles of assessment with the use of data concerning further professional careers of graduates.


Crossbred calves (10; 4–5 m old of 72.6 ± 7.8 kg BW) were distributed in two equal groups. The requirements of both the groups of calves were met by feeding concentrate mixture and green oats, however, the ration of calves in group 2 was supplemented with 50 ppm arsenic (As) as arsenic trioxide (As2O3) for 90 days to assess its impact on the performance of crossbed calves. No effect of As supplementation was evident on DM intake, digestibility of nutrients and growth rate of calves. Arsenic content of blood and hair increased by two folds in group 2 calves. Significantly (P<0.01) higher As retention in group 2 calves (97.0 vs 34.2%) suggested accumulating nature of this element in the body. It was concluded that the dietary supplementation of As @ 50 ppm for 90 days did not influence the nutrient utilization or growth of crossbred calves.


This paper aims to present two novel techniques in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation by cooperative competition, cooperative learning and evolutionary multi-objective clustering in kernel mapping thereof. First, we introduce an efficient implementation of cooperative/competition evolution by using two parallel implemented populations, which are divided by the Pareto domination and local density information. Second, two conflicting fuzzy clustering validity indices are incorporated into this framework and optimized in kernel distance measure simultaneously and. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested on two complicated SAR images. Compared with four other state-of-the-art algorithms and our method achieve comparable results in terms of convergence, diversity metrics, and computational time.


Objective To investigate the hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis blood purification methods for treatment of patients with acute poisoning,and methods of care.Methods May 2008 to July 2011 treatment in our hospital 30 patients with acute poisoning.All patients were given oxygen after admission,a thorough gastric lavage,rehydration,detoxification agent-based treatment for some patients given cardiopulmonary resuscitation,mechanical ventilation,anticerebral edema treatment,immediately after line hemodialysis treatment.Results The group of 30 patients after combined hemoperfusion hemodialysis treatment,2 patients due to poisoning more serious,long treatment time of death.The other 28 patients recovered consciousness and was discharged with no serious adverse events,better effect.Conclusion Comprehensive nursing care in the blood purification therapy play an important role in ensuring the safe and efficient treatment,improve the prognosis.


Results from m-DLE measurement of cucumber leaves indicated that in situ thylakoid coupling degree of cucumber were decreased by low light at low temperature. DCCD could restore not only the slow phase intensity of ms-DLE of cucumber leaves but the ability to eliminate 9-AA fluorescence, which meant that the decrease of thylakoid coupling degree resulted from fast H~(+) leakage through CF_(0). Further studies suggested that reactive oxygen species and CF_(1) dissociation from ATPase were not direct cause of the decrease in question.


The purpose of this article is to discuss what could soon become the new international standards on emergencies. The terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 in the United States paved the way for the legalisation of practices and facts that until then were the trademark of totalitarian societies. While traditional emergencies such as a state of exception and a state of emergency are the object of strict regulations under domestic and international law, especially in terms of human rights protection, extreme emergencies account for a situation where owing to terrorism threats (real or alleged) fundamental rights, including non-derogable rights can now be brought to a standstill. At the heart of my paper, lies an assessment of contemporary legal systems that have reacted to terrorist threats with emergency measures that differ in nature from more traditional emergency powers, with the latter being more 'legalistic' and respectful of human rights guarantees.


Hydraulic pumps and motors are desirable for high power density and ruggedness, but they typically exhibit lower efficiency than competing technologies. In conventional devices, high pressure is maintained on each piston for its full stroke, and displacement is varied by changing the stroke length. Maintaining high pressure on all pump/motor interfaces causes leakage and friction losses to remain nearly constant as displacement is reduced, resulting in low efficiency, particularly at low displacements. A different approach is to vary the displacement by removing high pressure from unneeded pistons. This discrete piston control approach has been proposed by a number of researchers, but it is typically accomplished using two electrohydraulic valves per piston, which can increase cost, complexity, and reduce robustness. In this paper a method of discrete piston control using hydromechanical valves is described. A two degree-of-freedom valve that can rotate and translate axially controls the enabling and disabling of the individual pistons and adjusts the displacement. Several strategies for creating a discrete piston device are described, along with the structure of the control system. Preliminary experimental results from a prototype pump/motor are also presented.


ObjectiveTo inquire into the procedure and treatment of the platelets increase after the operation for spleen rupture. MethodsThe clinical data of 18cases, whose platelets increased to 52079010~9/L after the operation for spleen rupture, were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsOf the 18 cases, the platelets began to increase at the second day after the splenectomy and got to the peak values at the 12 weeks after the operations. When the platelets increased to over than 38010~9/L, corresponding treatment were adopted, and the platelets decreased to normal level after 3 weeks of the treatment. ConclusionThe spleen-reserving splenectomy should be adopted as far as possible to the cases with traumatic spleen rupture. When the platelets increased to over than 38010~9/L after the splenectomy, corresponding treatment should be applied to prevent venous thrombosis.


Patties burgers are generally made from beef with the addition of seasonings and produced through molding and heating process. This study aimed to development of vegetarian burgers aims by determining the effect of the proportion of raw materials on characteristics of vegetarian burgers. The treatments being tested were proportion of raw materials namely tempeh (100%), tempeh: tofu (50:50), and tofu (100%). The results showed that raw material had significant effect on moisture content, color of raw and cooked burgers, texture, cooking yield and moisture retention of vegetarian burger. Tempeh-based burgers produce more compact texture compared to tofu-based burgers. Tempeh-based burgers have highest texture values, namely 7.51 N hardness, 2.18 mm springiness, 4.75 N gumminess, and chewiness 10.32 mJ. Tofu-based burgers have highest brightness color values, at raw L 71.19 and at cooked L 51.61. The highest moisture content in raw burgers was found in tofu burgers 74.49%, but in cooked burger, tofu burger has lowest moisture content 23.35%. Tempeh burgers has highest cooking yield 78.05% and highest moisture retention 34.84%. The use of tempeh in tofu and tempeh mixed burgers increases value of texture, cooking yield and moisture retention of burger compared to tofu-based burgers.


The new 5G mobile communication networks rely on secure and efficient scheduling of the resources to keep a number of parallel slices alive. Each slice is like a virtual private mobile network for one service and a number of customers. Creating, monitoring, updating, and releasing resources assigned to keep all the slices alive in parallel is the role of the new Management and Orchestration entity (MANO). As the MANO concept is relatively new, several proposals are under evaluation by researchers and network operators. This paper introduces a new one into the discussion, the GÉANT Testbeds Service (GTS), which is already working in the GÉANT production network. Our conclusion is that GTS can meet the requirements of the ETSI MANO standard architecture.


Proposes three technologies that involved in content structural indexing and splitting of.docx document in Co SIS system: indexing content structure automatically; transforming formula object to standard Math ML code; semantic indexing over.docx document. The experimental results conducts on Co SIS reveal that these technologies work well in practice.


Objective To screen coding region of human renin gene to find new polymorphisms and investigate relationships between essential hypertension(EH) and polymorphisms of renin gene.Methods Using the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method, we discovered a new variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in intron 7 that is 18bp upstream from the boundary with exon 8.Nucleotide sequencing revealed that this VNTR polymorphism is a tandem repeat of the 4-nucleotide sequence TCTG.There are six alleles of this VNTR polymorphism,ranging from 7 repeats to 12 repeats.We analyzed the association between EH and this VNTR polymorphism in 212 hypertensive patients and 209 age-matched normotensive (NT) subjects.Results There was no significant difference in the overall distributionof this VNTR polymorphism between the EH and normotensive subjects.Conclusion We discovered a novel VNTR polymorphism in the rennin gene, and this polymorphism was not associated with EH.


Background: According to the WHO, 3 million newborns die each year due to complications related to pregnancy and childbirth and 99% of these deaths occur in the developing countries. Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality as well as short and long term disability. The mechanism responsible for preterm labour are not exactly known, may be multifactorial and preventable with timely and appropriate treatment. Methods: This was a prospective double blinded randomized placebo controlled study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamla Nehru State hospital for mother and child, Shimla. Total 80 patients with asymptomatic high risk singleton pregnancy between 24-28 weeks were included in the study. They were randomly allotted to receive either the progesterone tablet 100 mg intravaginally (Study group) or an identical looking placebo (Control group).Thus both the groups included 40 subjects each. The treatment was continued till 34 weeks of gestation or till PROM/ delivery, whichever was earlier. Method of termination, gestational age at time of delivery, mode and type of delivery, birth weight, apgar score, maternal and perinatal outcome were noted and compared in both groups. All the parameters were statistically analysed by mean + S.D, proportion, frequency, chi-square test. Percentage reduction in the quantitative variables was calculated using the formula of (n-t)/n x100. Results: The incidence of preterm deliveries in the present study was found to be 9.88%. Both the groups were comparable in respect of age, parity, BMI, socioeconomic status, occupation and gestational age at first antenatal visit. There was similarity in both groups in respect to number of previous preterm deliveries and cervical length. The incidence of preterm delivery in the study group was 12.5% and in the control group was 35%. Conclusions: The study concluded that progesterone use was associated with 64.2% reduction in the incidence of preterm delivery (p=0.029).Antenatal administration of progesterone reduces the risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks and 34 weeks as well as the risk of a newborn being born with a birth weight of less than 2500 gms.


Using a practical and efficient overall three-dimensional turbulent numerical model of the spillway tunnel, the numerical simulation of the hydraulic characteristics of the spillway tunnel with the gradually expanding outlet and lower outlet height is carried out. The calculation results show that when the gate is fully open, there is pressure flow in the whole tunnel of the spillway tunnel, and the flow state is stable; when the gate is not fully open and the water level is low, the flow state in the tunnel is unstable, and the free and pressure flow occur alternately. When the gate is at a small opening, the flip bucket raises the water level at the outlet, and the lower outlet height causes insufficient air supply in the cave, which is prone to cavitation. The lift distance is small, and it is easy to scour the slope of the hole. The lower outlet height at the outlet of the spillway tunnel further exacerbates the complexity of the hydraulic characteristics in the back arc section, which should be paid attention to during design and construction, and it is necessary to carry out hydraulic model test research.


This introduction to the special issue presents the 2014 top picks in computer architecture, along with 12 "honorable mention" papers.


Many challenging decisions are made under uncertainty, forcing managers to judge situations without in-depth knowledge of details or potential future outcomes. Earlier research shows that people tend to be overconfident about the accuracy of their judgments and comparatively optimistic about their future prospects, which means that people believe that they are more likely than others to experience positive events and less likely to suffer negative ones. Managers are likely to make decisions based on overconfident judgments and overly positive assessments of potential outcomes. In this study, we show that overconfidence is higher when little task-specific knowledge is available, which increases the likelihood of making incorrect decisions when faced with low knowledge. In a second step we investigate individual differences in overconfidence, whereby a cluster analysis reveals different behavioral patterns among participants (117 students) with low task-specific knowledge. Two main groups emerge among those with low task-specific knowledge. People characterized by low comparative optimism acknowledge their lack of knowledge and consequently exhibit little overconfidence. The vast majority of participants with low task-specific knowledge, However, display strong overconfidence in the accuracy of their judgments. We propose that self-enhancement motives are a reason for this increased overconfidence. Decision makers must be aware of overconfident judgments and also consider individual differences in overconfidence in order to make the right decisions.


Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance in clinical practice,increasing in prevalence with age.Curative treatment of AF with catheter ablation is now a legitimate option for a number of patients.The dominant ablation for AF mainly concentrates on pulmonary veins(PVs) or complex fragment atrial electrograms(CFAEs).However,the optimal approach for ablation of AF aroused some controversy.The bulk of the evidence suggests that the intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system may contribute to the formation of rapid firing from the PV sites or non-PV sites and CFAEs,and play a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of AF.We hypothesized that ganglionated plexi may be an ideal strategy for AF ablation.


A multiblock large-eddy simulation (LES) code with overset grid capability is reported on that has been developed primarily to study the tip vortex noise problem arising on rotating wind-turbine blades. The LES code can also be used to simulate the tip vortices around nonrotating wing geometries typically found in aeronautical applications. It employs state-of-the-art compact finite differencing, implicit spatial filtering, and nonreflecting boundary conditions on free boundaries, as well as characteristic-type boundary conditions on solid walls. High-order-accurate interpolation is used for the transfer of information among the individual component grids that make up the overset grid topology. The multiblock nature and the overset grid capability of the code allow high-order accurate numerical solutions in complex domains. Results for the tip vortex around a nonrotating wing with a rounded tip are presented to demonstrate the capability of the code. Comparisons of the numerical results with experimental data are also carried out.


Thermodynamic analysis shows that for flights with velocities exceeding six sound velocities, it is required to burn fuel not in a subsonic but in a supersonic flow. The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of creating a stationary combustion front in a supersonic flow by igniting the mixture with an attached microwave discharge. Discharges are created on the resonator by means of a pulsed source of quasi-optical microwave radiation. This method of initiation is one or two orders of magnitude more economical than other known methods of plasma ignition and combustion stabilization. A numerical evaluation and comparison with experiment of the propagation velocity of a subcritical streamer discharge in a stationary medium and in a supersonic drifting flow are performed. Experiments have been conducted to ignite a flat flow of propane-air mixture, as well as ignition of the propane stream fed into the airflow, which simulates the operation of the fuel injector. In all cases, the experiments confirmed a steady fuel combustion, which was controlled by the temperature measurements with a thermocouple.


The present study was an attempt to induce changes in the cytoplasmic chromatin of cardiac ganglion cells of the dog heart by stimulation of the left vagus nerve. Changes in the chromatin distribution of various neurons have been re-ported


A new measuring technique of the tensor permeability of ferrite in the microwave frequencies based on Faraday rotation is proposed. A circular cylindrical waveguide containing a longitudinally magnetized ferrite rod is used. A plane polarized TE11 wave is incident upon the section where the ferrite cylinder is placed. One end of the circular waveguide is short-circuited by a movable short-circuit plunger, which holds the ferrite cylinder through a hole drilled at the center. The angle of Faraday rotation and the position of the minimum voltage point of the elliptically polarized standing wave are measured far from the ferrite section. In addition to the measurement theory, several discussions are given: i) the relationship between a diameter of the specimen and the cutoff wavelengths of modes in the waveguide, ii) the extent of unwanted reflections due to the impedance mismatch at the end of the rod. As an experimental example, the tensor permeabilities of a polycrystalline rod of YIG are measured at the frequency 3.75 GHz with some dc magnetic field intensities.


One of the widely used components in the smart grid (SG) is an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). The AMI is a process of two-way communication between the utility and customer through the information exchange. Some of these kinds of applications are real-time pricing and electricity consumption information by using wireless communication network. However, security is crucial since messages are broad casted via wireless channels through which hackers can capture the massages and then know the contents of the messages. Encrypting messages to cipher text is one of the methods to solve this problem but it already has many open issues regarding keys management. In this paper, a new algorithm of attack detection and avoidance is proposed by paring of smart meters and coupon passing mechanism. Simulation result shows that proposed solution not only increase the attack detection rate but also reduce the effect of attacks on a network. [Ayesha Afzaal, Mohsin Nazir. Secured GreenNet: Future Trends of Cyber Security in Smart Metering Infrastructure. Life Sci J 2014;11(6s):62-67]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10


The composition of methanol extracts from Quebracho colorado sapwood, heartwood and the sapwoodheartwood boundary was investigated. The content of sugars in the extract from sapwood amounted to 40%. Glucose, fructose and sucrose are the dominating sugars. At the heartwood periphery carbohydrates are converted into phenolic compounds and the amount of tannins increases sharply. The phenolic extractives from sapwood and heartwood differ with regard to composition and structure.


Management of sandy tidal inlets is required for maintenance of navigable channels and control of beach erosion. Management elements essentially entail 'resharing' of sand by alteration of natural sediment pathways, while preventing ecological damage. Although technology for understanding sediment movement near inlets has made strides in recent years, considerable effort is required in developing efficient systems for bypassing sand. Inlet design criteria are identified for the management of critical habitats. These criteria are then applied qualitatively to the issue of rising sea level. Refinements in the criteria should result from their use in inlet design and management decisions, which the authors encourage.


Introduction Many researchers have been discovered that bridge deck slabs which were designed to fail in bending, mostly fail under punching shear mode at a higher load than the expected for bending, because of the effect of in-plane compressive membrane forces, induced by the lateral restrained boundary conditions. Punching and bending failure modes are going to be analysed taken into account the enhancement due to compressive membrane action in the transverse prestressed concrete slab. Problem definition The objective of this thesis is to investigate the effect of compressive membrane action (CMA) in combination with the transversely prestress under a static point load applied at the midspan of the bridge's slab. Research The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of the compressive membrane action and transversely prestress of the ultimate punching and bending capacity of a concrete deck slab. To develop the analysis of this scientific topic, research questions have been posed giving an orientation into the research and indicating the guiding components of the investigation. 1. Develop an analytical model to predict the ultimate capacity of a transversely prestressed slab accounting for the CMA and TPL. 2. To what extent can the CMA and the TPL contribute to the punching shear and bending capacity of the slab? 3. Comparative Study: Theoretical approach versus Experimental results Results – Conclusions Simulating the transverse prestress as an imposed strain, the punching capacity is hardly affected by the different prestress levels (1% deviation) and the compressive membrane force slightly changes, leading to the conclusion that the theoretical approach underestimates the prestress. In flexural mode the bending capacity is higher than the punching shear leading to the conclusion that the slab will fail in punching shear. The ultimate capacity of the interior panel is higher than the exterior but the displacement is smaller because the higher stiffness of the interior makes it stiffer and less ductile. Recommendations 1. Prestress should be simulated as a progressing action until the failure stage, not as a constant effect. 2. Effective stiffness in punching shear has to account for the boundary conditions. 3. Compressive membrane action should be defined separately from the ultimate punching shear capacity.


Humanfoamyvirus encodes a 300-amino-acid nuclear regulatory protein termedBel-1thatisrequired for humanfoamyvirus replication inculture. Bel-1 isa potenttrans-activator ofgene expression directed bythe homologous HFV longterminal repeat as well as thelongterminal repeatofhumanimmunodeficiency virus type1.We haveusedmutational analysis todefine several discrete functional domainswithinBel-1. The C-terminal -50aminoacids ofBel-1 are showntobeessential forBel-1activity butcan beeffectively substituted bytheC-terminal activation domainofVP16.We therefore conclude thattheBel-lC terminus formspartofan activation domain. Mutations within a central, -100-amino-acid segmentofBel-lpreclude trans-activation byeither Bel-1 or theBel-1/VP16 chimera. Thesesequences are therefore proposedtodirect theinteraction ofBel-1 withitsviral DNA target sequences.A shortBel-1segmentlocated betweenthe activation andbinding domains isshowntomediate thenuclear localization ofthisregulatory protein. Although thefunctional organization ofBel-ltherefore appears comparable tothatreported forother eukaryotic transcriptional activators, Bel-1 doesnotcontain sequenceshomologous toknowntranscriptional activation orDNA-binding motifs.


The utility model relates to a wheel rack for accommodating long rollers. The wheel rack comprises a rack body and an accommodating mechanism arranged on the rack body, wherein the accommodating mechanism comprises multiple sets of upper pulleys arranged on the upper portion of the rack body and lower pulleys arranged on the bottom of the rack body, connecting chains are connected between the upper pulleys and the lower pulleys, and multiple accommodating components are arranged on the connecting chains; each accommodating component comprises an arc-shaped first component body and an arc-shaped second component body, the head end of the first component body and the head end of the second component body are both connected with the connecting chains, and the middle of the first component body and the middle of the second component body are hinged together. According to the wheel rack, the two ends of each long roller can be placed on the accommodating components of the accommodating mechanism to be stored, stereo storage of the long rollers is realized, and space can be saved greatly. Furthermore, the accommodating components can move vertically along with the connecting chains.


co-ordinated integrated -4-mobilizing the necessary military and civilian resources is fundamental to the success of a decision to intervene for humanitarian purposes.


Video stream transmission control mechanism is very important to improve quality of service of internet.Video codec and transmission characteristics are analyzed,and inter-flow and intra-flow priority differentiation mechanisms are introduced.Then,a priority differentiation-based video stream transmission control algorithm(PDVT) is proposed.Different kind of video frame is marked with different priority and is schedured according to its priority.Inter-flow priority mechanism distinguishes MPEG stream and other streams,while intra-flow priority mechanism distinguishes different kinds of MPEG frame in a video stream.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm PDVT can provide differentiated service for flows with different priority and can improve video transmission quality greatly.


This paper describes the three iterations of an innovative cross institutional initiative within teacher education. Through an international project pre-service teachers, in-service teachers and teacher educators engaged in a rich exploration of educational topics such as inclusivity and information and communication technology integration. The goal of this learning experience was to promote higher order thinking and collaboration while embedding and fostering authentic dialogue between and among pre-service teachers and experts. Siemens' (2005) five stage learning development cycle has provided a framework for analysis of the three iterations of this online international collaborative project.


Prologue: before the gates of Rome 1. The Goths before Constantine 2. The Roman Empire and the barbarian society 3. The search for the Gothic origins 4. Imperial politics and the rise of Gothic power 5. Goths and Romans, 332-376 6. The Battle of Adrianople 7. Theodosius and the Goths 8. Alaric and the sack of Rome.


Swarm intelligence has been one of the leading techniques used by researchers worldwide for optimisation. In this paper, the fine tuning of the update equations for the swarm are done based on linkage of particle motion with a electromagnetic field and also under the influence of strategic delays. The motion of a particle in a search space is confined to free space in general, however if restricted the solution under the envelope of a magnetic field, the algorithm better converges within a electromagnetic field. Simulation studies have been performed on the triple inverted pendulum case study which showed that stability was achieved with ease when compared to classical methods of control.


Between 2000 and 2013 it was registered the disappearance of 43 people in the State of Goiás after policies approach. These and other cases of murder and torture committed by public security agents while working were reported in October 31, 2014 in the Inter American Commission on Humans Rights of OAS, in Washington/USA. In December 10, 2014, the Federal Court of Justice judged the Incident Competence Shift, the displacement of local authorities to the federal level of the competence to investigate, process and judge eight emblematic cases of crimes of serious violation on Human Rights in Goiás, related to the crimes reported in Washington. Incident Competence Shift is an institute which emerged with the Constitutional Amendment n. 45 of 2004, an innovative step as long as allows that perpetrators of serious violations of Human Rights be processed and blamed by organ different from the local authorities and the judgment be accomplished in the federal sphere, therefore the expression "federalization". The scene of violation of the Human Rights in the State of Goiás, as the process of Incident Competence Shift, are facts which lead to a larger reflection about the paradox inherent to the Human Rights, manifested in this conflict between violation and defense of the Human Rights by the State. This dissertation is a case study which intends to register the process of complaint and federalization of the serious violations on the Human Rights in Goiás due to the violent action of the polices forces. It intends, as well, to describe how this juridical constitutional tool – Incident Competence Shift – has been an important tool in order to stand up to the violence and protect the Human Rights on the state.


The Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial (FOSS4G) conference took place in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in August 2018. The theme of "Leave No One Behind" centered the conference on issues of diversity and inclusion, and included a wide range of presentations. This article presents a review of FOSS4G2018 from the perspectives of a GIS Librarian and an African Studies Librarian.


The chemical and physical data collected in Lago Omodeo (Central Sardinia) during 1976 are presented. Particulary temperature and oxygen distributions show the influences of the deep water withdrawl.
The high winter nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations and their seasonal changes, the dissolved oxygen depletion in deep waters are importat indices of high eutrophic conditions.


Purpose: To investigate the effect of optic disk—fovea distance (DFD) on measurements of macular intraretinal layers using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in normal subjects. Methods: One hundred and eighty-two eyes from 182 normal subjects were imaged using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The average thicknesses of eight macular intraretinal layers were measured using an automatic segmentation algorithm. Partial correlation test and multiple regression analysis were used to determine the effect of DFD on thicknesses of intraretinal layers. Results: Disk—fovea distance correlated negatively with the overall average thickness in all the intraretinal layers (r ⩽ −0.17, all P ⩽ 0.025) except the ganglion cell layer and photoreceptor. In multiple regression analysis, greater DFD was associated with thinner nerve fiber layer (6.78 &mgr;m decrease per each millimeter increase in DFD, P < 0.001), thinner ganglion cell—inner plexiform layer (2.16 &mgr;m decrease per each millimeter increase in DFD, P = 0.039), thinner ganglion cell complex (8.94 &mgr;m decrease per each millimeter increase in DFD, P < 0.001), thinner central macular thickness (18.16 &mgr;m decrease per each millimeter increase in DFD, P < 0.001), and thinner total macular thickness (15.94 &mgr;m decrease per each millimeter increase in DFD, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Thinner measurements of macular intraretinal layers were significantly associated with greater DFD. A clinical assessment of macular intraretinal layers in the evaluation of various macular diseases should always be interpreted in the context of DFD.


This paper deals with the integration process in multidisciplinary technical systems projects. The paper reviews the objectives of the integration process, planning and managing principles, as well as the pitfalls and difficulties associated with this process. Various integration approaches are described and analyzed. A method for comparing integration approaches in systems projects is suggested.


Sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins (SREBPs) are tightly controlled by various mechanisms, including intracellular localization, protein processing, limited proteolysis, post‐translational modifications and interaction with associated proteins. Here, I review the regulatory mechanisms of SREBP activity through the interaction with various kinds of protein.


In this article I propose to explore the disposition which the reader must bring to bear to Ovid's exilic works. More specifically, I want to begin by considering the way in which Ovid himself shapes or represents the attitude of his reader; that is, the way in which the text explicitly or implicitly shapes his ideal reader, and gives him indications as to how to read the new works which gradually reach Rome from Pontus. We start at the beginning: Tr. 1.1.


In this paper, the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) method has been employed to observe speed in sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) with flux weakening (FW) and maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) operations for the interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). This paper focuses on the modified MRAS observer, which is based on the sigmoid function as a switching function and also the adaptive sliding mode coefficient. The sliding mode strategies are employed for the adaptation mechanism instead of the PI controller. The conventional PI-MRAS causes oscillations in rotor speed. To solve this problem, the modified adaptive super-twisting algorithm (STA)-based MRAS method is proposed by utilizing the sigmoid function. The proposed modified MRAS is compared to conventional methods. Additionally, it is examined for performance against the fast terminal sliding mode (FTSM), which is applied to the MRAS as an adaptation mechanism in terms of sliding mode strategies. The modified STA-MRAS is explored under the ECE and EUDC (Extra Urban Driving Cycle) drive cycles for electric vehicle applications. Finally, the obtained results show the validity and capability of the proposed adaptive STA-MRAS in terms of speed tracking.


Abstract Nowadays most forest management problems require the integration of multiple criteria, at the same time as considering the points of view of several stakeholders with different perceptions of predefined criteria. As part of this theoretical orientation, a recent method for aggregating individual preferences expressed through pairwise comparison matrices has been adapted and applied in this paper to elicit social weights in the context of a forest management problem. The method was applied to two public forests in Spain. Four objectives were considered to be relevant in this exercise: biodiversity, net carbon captured, veneer volume and net present value. Twenty-three interviews with graduate students of the forestry school of the Technical University of Madrid were made in a pairwise comparison format. The respective 23 pairwise comparison matrices were aggregated into a final consensus matrix, which aims to represent the social importance attached to the four objectives considered. The applied method allows the establishment of a balance between the majority and minority principles.


Abstract The circadian caecotrophy rhythm of the rabbit was monitored in LD 12:12 and continuous light of two different intensities. The length of the free‐running rhythm and the phaseangleof theen trained rhythm were found to be influenced by after‐effects for a considerable time span of up to 75 days. The free running period in LL of 1200lux was significantly longer (24.94 ± 0.71 (SD) h) than in 10 lux (24.23 ± 0.39 (SD) h). In 10 lux the caecotrophy rhythm ran free monophasically, even in those rabbits practising caecotrophy twice in LD 12:12. This confirms initial observations made in 300 lux. In LL of 12001ux, "splitting"ocurredin 4 out of 8 animals. The entrainment following re‐insertion of the LD 12:12 after LL depended on the strength of the Zeitgeber and the phase of the rhythm at the end of LL. A correlation existed between the phase angle difference and the length of the spontaneous period: the shorter the spontaneous period, the less negative was the p.a.d. The results suggest that the caecotr...


Abstract A variety of substances may be introduced into the egg by immersing 2-4 cm. of the pointed end into prepared solutions (Seltzer, 1956). We have inhibited or eliminated the development of the bursa of Fabricius by dipping the egg into varying concentrations of testosterone propionate (Glick, 1964). We have attempted to determine the amount of testosterone propionate (TP) that enters the egg by a bioassay procedure (Wilson and Glick, 1966) or by measuring theμl. of solution removed per egg (Sato and Glick, 1964). In 3 of 5 bioassays 54 μg. of TP was found in the albumin 20 minutes after dipping the egg in 640 mg. TP per 100 ml. ethyl alcohol (EA). The values in the two remaining bioassays exceeded 100 μg. TP yielding a mean for the 5 experiments of 81 μg. Measuring the volume of Ea removed per egg suggested that between 74 and 111 μg of.…


The scope of this work is to introduce a software tool for optimization of circular spiral inductors. It is based on compact model, where the physical behavior is described through analytical expressions in geometric programming (GP) form. This paper describes three significant innovations: (a) optimization of circular inductor via GP, (b) new expressions for inductance and Q-factor in GP form, (c) globally optimal trade-off curves between maximum self-resonant frequency and inductance values or minimum inductor area and inductance values. The proposed optimization algorithm is flexible because the designers of RF integrated circuits can easily optimize the cir- cular inductor for a desired performance.


Chemotaxis, the ability to move directionally in response to external chemical gradients, is a process found in many cell types. Individual bacteria and amoebae rely on chemotaxis to hunt for food. In mammalian cells, chemotaxis is crucial during development and as part of the immune system. In this paper we show how control theory can be instrumental towards the understanding of chemotaxis.


A method is described whereby β‐magnesia windows may be sealed into heavy steel tubes, thus making them suitable for vacuum furnaces. These seals, utilizing copper or aluminum bands around the edges of the windows, have been made and tested up to 587°C without leaking. A needle valve is designed which permits the opening or closing of an evacuation port in the side of a vacuum furnace at will. This valve operates at the temperature of the furnace and does not introduce a cold spot into the absorption chamber. It has been tested up to 587°C and holds well against pressure differences of one atmosphere. Being made of stainless steel, it is relatively inert and is free from oxidation scale.


The employee engagement is one key success to make employee working as best as they can and it must be built to create great working condition. High level of engagement from employee can make more revenue and profit because the employees will work hard for themselves and for their company. PT ISAT employees are in transition period for the ways of working and it is the adaptation from the covid-19 pandemic and the introduction of the digital transformation.
The uncertainty of the result for new ways of working has a risk because it can make employee more engage or employee become disengage. The working type or working pattern of each employee in the new ways of working is determined by company based on the role and responsibility. There is not much employee preference influence for the assignment of the working pattern for each employee because the working pattern is determined by company. Company believe that the arrangement should be the best working arrangement to make employee be more engage to company because it accommodates business needs and the feedback from employee on the internal survey.
This study is to measure and determine the level of employee engagement in Inmarsat for the implementation of the new ways of working. The assessment of engagement level is using Peakon employee engagement model. In the survey, respondent has also been requested to answer the questions for the perception and the suggestion for the improvement. The sample used in this study is simple random sampling with the total respondents of 40 people. Distribution of the questionnaire addressed in accordance with the total number of the PT ISAT employees.
From the employee engagement survey, it is found out that the engagement level has not much different compared to the internal survey prior the implementation of the new ways of working. And from the survey result, the new ways of working contribute high level of the engagement and most employees agree and support the implementation of the new way of working. Many inputs and feedback have been received from employee to improve the implementation of the new ways of working and the proposed solutions have been provided based on the input and feedback from employee.


Maintenance of seed quality during storage until planting is imperative to assure its planting value and increasing seed yield. Laboratory experiment was carried out at Mansoura Seed Technology Research Unit, Seed Technology Research Section, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt during 2008 and 2009 years to evaluate bioassay effects of (Ramith and Oshar) cholorophorm and ethanol extracts on Bruchidius trifolii (Poc), and the effect of treating seed of Egyptian Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) c.v. helaly, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) c.v. Ismaelia 1 and Fahl berseem with these plant extracts on seed quality and insect infestation during different storage periods (0, 6, 12 and 18 months). The results revealed that Ramith cholorophorm and Oshar ethanol extracts were the most toxic for (Bruchidius trifolii) followed by Oshar cholorophorm and Ramith ethanol extracts and the values of Lc50 were (4753.9, 8514.3, 11026.9 and 20649.6 ppm), respectively. After six months from storage, the germination percentage for both of Alfalfa, Egyptian clover and Fahl berseem seeds pass the minimum level for the acceptance of certified seed (85%). Insect inspection cleared, the insect infestation level in Alfalfa seed (4.45%) was the less , followed by both of Egyptian clover and Fahl berseem (6.4 and 6.2%). Treated seed with Ramith cholorophorm extract, produced high germination percentage, seedlings vigour and the lowest level of insect infestation (3.75%) comparing with untreated seed while its germination percentage reduced less than the acceptance level for certified seed and the insect infestation level increased to (8.67%). After storage with 18 months, germination percentage reduced gradually and becomes less than the acceptance level for certified seed and Alfalfa was the less in reduction of seed germination and seedling vigour traits. In general, comparing with the previous storage periods, seed quality decreased and insect infestation increased and reached to 22.67 % for untreated seed. Storage periods negatively and significantly correlated with both of germination %, accelerated aging germination % and seedlings vigour index and highly positively correlated with insect infestation % and electrical conductivity. Also, insect infestation % negatively and highly correlated with germination % and seed lings vigour index. This study suggested, using seed protectants such as Ramith cholorophorm and Oshar ethanol extracts for protect Alfalfa, Egyptian clover and Fahl berseem seed against Bruchidius trifolii (Poc). Also, planting (Alfalfa, Egyptian clover and Fahl berseem) certified seed in the same production year is preferable well but Clover carry over seed should be stored at optimum conditions and when planting seed rate should be increased to redress the reduction in seed quality.


Demography, spatial distribution, body size and habitat characteristics of two sympatric species of Ctenomys have been studied seasonally at Necochea (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina).


When air bubbles are injected into a still bath with liquid, it's known that they will rise to the top surface because of their small mass. However, oscillations, which can provide a dynamical stabilizing effect, can make air bubbles sink when created below a certain depth that changes along with the forcing amplitude. Three experiments are needed to show the defy-gravity behavior caused by vibration on liquid. Using silicon oil, a syringe, a needle, and a vertically oscillating shaker with amplitude, an air layer formed by sinking bubbles, which defy the well-known Archimedes' principle, is being trapped under the levitating liquid layer acts as a spring-mass. With the further experiment using two light foam boats, it was observed that an upside-down buoyant force was acting on the liquid provided by vibration, supporting the boats to flow on both interfaces of the liquid layer. A symmetric Archimedes' principle is discovered to be reflected on the lower interface created by the dynamic stabilization as well. This discovery about the effect vibration can have on liquid, and alternately the forces acting on the object floating on this liquid brings lots of future development to light and is new progress in the area of fluid mechanics.


In immigration law and its administrative application, linedrawing is a fact of life. Charged by Congress to administer the Immigration and Nationality Act ["INA" or "the Act"],' the Attorney General and his delegate, the Immigration and Naturalization Service ["INS" or "the Service"], would be unable to cope with the caseload, given budget constraints, if each case required a full hearing on the merits.2 Linedrawing works well in the thousands of routine cases in which the grant or denial of permanent or temporary visas depends on the applicant's fulfillment of certain well-defined criteria. Congress contemplates and accepts a few unfair results at the administrative level as the price of a speedy and efficient adjudication of the overwhelming majority of cases. Even in these situations, though, it has provided for administrative and judicial redress of most potential unfairness. However, in the area of revocation of approved spousal petitions, the situation is dramatically different. Here Congress grapples with the troublesome situations in which a U.S. citizen who has married an alien and petitioned for his or her immigrant visa either obtains a divorce or "withdraws" the "approved spousal petition" before the visa is granted.3 Congress has decided that the Attorney General may "for what he deems to be good and sufficient cause," revoke the approval of spousal petitions in such cases. Pursuant to this congressional pronouncement, the Attorney General issued the automatic revocation regulations, which, in effect, determine that there is "good and sufficient cause" to revoke an approved petition


This book celebrates the life and work of Peter Townsend. It builds on the foundations that he laid in various fields and applies his myriad insights to contemporary policy debates. The book reflects Peter's triple contributions to teaching, research and campaigning, which were all, in essence, concerned with combating poverty, inequality and social injustice. It comprises a rallying call to defeat these evils and to create a better, more cohesive society. It is also a reminder of why there is a welfare state and why the case for it must be repeated constantly alongside critiques of its failings and constructive proposals for improvement.