a steady decline in the institutions as a whole, a lessened forceps rate in the larger more than balancing an increasing rate in the small hospitals. In two years the rate in the hospitals has dropped from 14.3 to 12.5 per cent. One of the concluding remarks of Dr. Jellett's report is that "the public should remember that to the unavoidable consequences of disease and deformity, and of the sometimes avoidable consequences due to insufficient medical or nursinig education, there must be added the wholly avoidable misfortunes resulting from misguided and clamorous relations, neglected advice, and unsuitable surroundings." Although he mentions the need for educating the public he scarcely stresses this point; yet a change in the attitude of patients and their relatives towards labour would appear to be necessary to more physiological child-bearing. One thing clearly brought out by a study of these investigations by committees is that the results achieved by such inquiries are not likely to be commensurate with the time, troulble, and expense involved. Nevertheless, the committees have served a good purpose in showing that many factors go to maintain maternal and infantile wastage, and that it is the pursuit of: no single factor, but an advance in all directions, that will lead to gradual improvement. "(Brit. M. J. 2: 759, 1928.


Purpose: SARS-CoV-2 infection affected lots of countries for about two years and continues to act.
Some stressors with the COVID-19 pandemic might lead to eating habit changes, weight gain, and increased emotional eating. The present study aims to determine the changes in individuals' eating habits, particularly measuring the Emotional Eating Scores and their weight gain during the COVID-19 pandemic and comparing them with their several lifestyle changes, especially the physical activity changes.

Materials and methods: This descriptive study included 266 adults who applied to a Healthy
Nutrition Polyclinic in Nigde between March 10, 2021, and September 01, 2021. Anthropometric measurements, 'Sociodemographic Characteristics and Eating Habits Questionnaire', 'Emotional Eating Scale' and 'International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Form)' by face-to-face interview method were used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Ethics committee approval and institutional permission were obtained.

Results: Seven out of ten participants gained weight during the pandemic, and the median weight gain
was 4.3 (0.1-30.9) kg in those who gained weight. The weight gain during the pandemic is higher in those who don't have a chronic disease, those who were normal and overweight pre-pandemic, those whose appetite, cooking at home, and eating increased, those with poor perceived health, those who have applied to a dietitian for the first time during the pandemic, and emotional/very emotional eaters. The rate of low emotional eaters is 19.2%,
emotional eaters are 69.2%, and very emotional eaters are 6.0%. Emotional eating is higher in females, younger participants, those whose sleep duration has changed during the pandemic, those who have applied to a dietitian for the first time during the pandemic, those who were overweight and obese pre-pandemic, and those who are
overweight and obese currently, and those who feel more depressed.

Conclusions: Consequently, with the COVID-19 pandemic, many lifestyles and nutritional habits in the community have been adversely affected. Relevant stressors triggered the emotional eating and weight gain inevitably increased. In this period, along with nutritional counseling, psychosocial support is needed.

Keywords: Eating habits, eating behavior, COVID19 pandemic, Turkey


Carbonyl iron (CI) particles are widely used in magnetorheological (MR) fluids due to their excellent magnetic properties, i.e., high saturation magnetization and low coercivity. However, pristine CI-based MR fluids have major shortcomings, which restrict their applications: abrasion of device surfaces during operation, redispersion difficulties after caking, iron oxidation, and severe sedimentation of CI particles due to higher density compared to the carrier liquid. As a remedy, the CI particles were coated with Ag shell by green-assisted method and stabilized with honey. The CI and CI-Ag particles were separately dispersed in Polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil, and the subsequent rheological effects were evaluated. Although the MR effects, e.g., yield stress and shear viscosity of CI-Ag-based MR fluids, varied slightly compared to the original one, the dispersion qualities, e.g., sedimentation stability, were remarkably improved.


This article finds out the main internal and international political events and processes in the Kingdom of Romania in the first half of 1921 covered at the reports of the envoy, later the Ambassador, of the Republic of Austria Wilhelm Stork, much of which is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In writing the article, the authors used general scientific and special methods, including archival heuristics. According to the results of the study, it was stated that in the first half of 1921 the internal political situation in Romania looked tense, but controlled. At that time were taken measures to prevent events of internal strife, as was the case with the newly formed Communist Party, being controlled externally, fact, which drew the attention of diplomats. The Government, comprehending the inevitability of changes, carried out agrarian reform and streamlined church relations, while pursuing a consistent policy of Romanianization of the territories that were included in the kingdom after the First World War. At the same time, everything was done to get along with the neighbors, protecting themselves from misunderstandings with them and from the threat of being left alone in the case of a Bolshevik invasion. It has succeeded in either concluding relevant agreements, signing protocol of intentions or making significant progress during the negotiations. An example of such success was the Polish-Romanian agreement on a defense alliance and joint defense against the enemy from the east. The actions aimed at creating a defense alliance for protection against Hungary, in which other interested states were involved, seemed more consistent. One of the ways to consolidate the actions of diplomats was the conclusion in 1921 of marriages between members of the Romanian and Greek dynasties. This practice will continue with the marriage between a representative of the Romanian and a representative of the Serbian dynasty later more. The only thing that failed was to reach an agreement with Soviet Russia, respectively in two main tasks - to achieve recognition by the Bolsheviks of the inclusion of Bessarabia in Romania and the return of Romanian gold and foreign exchange reserves, the waste of which the Bolsheviks denied


This paper introduced the development status of mechanized tree planting forestation at home and abroad and pointed out the emphasis of research on domestic digging machine used for tree planting.Utilizing the spatial kinematics,the theory of mechanical vibration and the principle of elastic dynamics,the longitudinal vibration model of auger bit was emphatically analyzed and established,and carried out the solution with numerical value method.In the mean time the influences affected by factors of the mutual acting force between the parts at the lower end of auger bit and the soil,the rising of soil by the auger bit,the inertial force and external excitation were systematically analyzed.The result of study provided theoretical basis for the dynamics characteristic simulation of auger bit and the dynamic characteristics research of the whole machine;and offered new theoretical foundations for rationally predicting and controlling the motion rule of auger bit,ameliorating the dynamics property of auger bit,enhancing its work efficiency and improving the designing method.


The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the process of intercalation; i.e., the formation of chemical compounds via insertion of atomic or molecular species in the van der Waals gap between planes of lamellar solids can substantially improve the intrinsic lubricating properties of solids. Using graphite as a model host compound, various transition metals and metal chlorides intercalated into graphite were formulated into solid film lubricants and their lubricating properties determined in a laboratory wear test device. Comparisons of endurance life and load-carrying capacity are made relative to molybdenum disulfide and unintercalated graphite. Graphite/19.8 wt. percent CoCl2 was found to exhibit over a fivefold increase in endurance life while graphite/19.3 wt. percent NiCl2 provided a greater than twofold increase in load-carrying capacity relative to graphite and was equivalent to MoS2. The degree of improvement in endurance life was found to be dependent on the concentration of intercalan...


We review the experimental evidence and qualitative arguments for the existence of small highly regular rings of bonds in amorphous (α-)SiO 2 and selected other AX 2 tetrahedral glasses. The structure and vibrations of planar 3-rings and regular puckered 4-rings in α-SiO 2 are then modeled using Born central and noncentral forces. The vibrational coupling of these rings to the more disordered glass network is modeled by attaching a Bethe lattice at each connection. The calculated vibrational properties of the breathing modes of the rings are found to be quite consistent with the observed frequencies, linewidths, and isotope shifts of the sharp lines D 1 and D 2 seen in the Raman spectra of α-SiO 2


This paper is the result of an investigation about the influence of digital processes in Design and its importance in innovation within ephemeral architecture through the concept of High-Low. The ephemeral architecture has the potential to combine academic and artistic knowledge to Brazilian commercial production. Here is presented one experimental case study designed to Expo Revestir for Docol in 2017 that balances the paradigm of computational design with the academic field and viable commercial applications.


Robustness is a key characteristic of genetic programming candidate solutions, providing the ability to maintain a satisfactory level of performance under dynamic and uncertain environments. In this paper we perform experiments on Tartarus problem instances[2] exploring the hypothesis that the introduction of a fitness distribution bias, inspired by the Dunning-Kruger effect [5], will lead to an increase in the diversity and robustness of candidate solutions.


This paper presents a modeling and analysis of multi-phase inverter fed multi-phase induction motor drive with different number of phases. Multiphase induction motor drives possess several advantages over conventional three-phase drives such as lower torque pulsation, fault tolerance, stability, high efficiency and lower current ripple and reduced current per phase without increasing voltage per phase etc., In this paper, a detailed d-q modeling of multi-phase induction motor drive with offset injection method based multi-phase VSI is developed. The simulation results are presented for 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 phase induction motor under varying load conditions. The performance of the drive is analyzed in terms of stator current, power, torque ripple and fault tolerant feature respectively. Feasibility of the developed approach has been identified with the optimum number of phases for electric vehicle applications. Key-Words: Dynamic response, EV (Electric Vehicle), fault-tolerant feature, multi-phase drive, Switching technique, transient response.


Abstract Multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacterial infection is a serious and growing public health threat, in part due to limited treatment options. A novel cephalosporin and &bgr;-lactamase inhibitor, ceftolozane/tazobactam, has a broad spectrum of activity against MDR pathogens and is approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in combination with metronidazole and complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis. This article reviews published data on the clinical pharmacology, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy and safety, and dosing and administration of ceftolozane/tazobactam. Searches of MEDLINE from January 2000 to April 2017 were conducted using the following keywords: ceftolozane, tazobactam, and ceftolozane tazobactam. Additional references were identified from a review of the retrieved articles' citations. Ceftolozane is active against organisms producing AmpC &bgr;-lactamases and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The addition of tazobactam enhances activity against extended-spectrum &bgr;-lactamase–producing organisms. Data from phase III trials using ceftolozane/tazobactam for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infection and complicated urinary tract infections have yielded positive results. Ceftolozane/tazobactam has demonstrated noninferior or superior efficacy to comparators in clinical trials. It has a favorable safety profile and few drug-drug interactions. This novel combination agent has a role in treating MDR infections, particularly P. aeruginosa, although its use should be reserved for patients without other treatment options to limit the risk of resistance. Although case reports of successful treatment have been reported, further investigation is needed into the utility of ceftolozane/tazobactam for the treatment of bacteremia and pneumonia caused by MDR pathogens.


The I Ching or Oracle of change is one of the oldest books in the world. It represents an ancient Chinese philosophy which encompasses a psychology, a calendar and an oracle. Although the early origins are unknown, it probably dates back to the 8th century B. C.


For k = 1; 2;::: let Hk denote the harmonic number P k=1 1=j. In this paper we establish some new congruences involving harmonic num- bers. For example, we show that for any prime p > 3 we have p 1 X k=1


Inter-satellite link is an important part of modern global navigation satellite system.This paper investigates the inter-satellite links between Inclined Geosynchronous Satellite Orbit(IGSO)satellite and multiple Middle Earth Orbit(MEO)satellite.MEO satellites distribute in two different planes in Walker-δconstellation,we adopt the modeling analysis and numerical optimization methods,and the STKX module and Isight software are employed to analyze the influences of different orbit planes of IGSO satellite to the inter-satellite links of MEO satellites,and we find the optimal orbit distribution law of IGSO satellite.When multiple MEO satellites locate on any two plane of the Walker-δconstellation,it is the position where the IGSO satellite locates on the other plane of the Walker-δconstellation makes the inter-satellite links among all the satellites reach the best performance.The proposed law can be applied to determine the orbit plane of the IGSO satellite,which pave the way for future application meaning.


This paper examines the nature of rights, but not by arguing for or against any particular categorization of rightse.g. that they are or are not entitlements, or claims, or benificial duties, or reasonable expectations. Rather, the emphasis is on explaining the logical form and behavior of certain rights-statements. It seems to me that logical issues are too often neglected in discussions of rights, and that until they are satisfactorily resolved, we will not really understand what rights are.


This paper contributes to the theory of photograph formation from light fields. The main result is a representation of (lens-based) photographic imaging in the Fourier domain: the 2D Fourier transform of a photograph is a 2D slice in the 4D Fourier spectrum of the light field. Photographs focused at different depths correspond to slices at different rotations in the 4D space. The paper demonstrates the utility of this theorem in two different ways. First, the theorem is used to analyze the performance of digital refocusing, where one computes photographs focused at different depths from a single light field. The analysis shows in closed form that the sharpness of refocused photographs increases linearly with directional resolution. Second, the theorem yields a Fourier-domain algorithm for digital refocusing, where we extract the appropriate 2D slice of the light field's Fourier transform, and perform an inverse 2D Fourier transform. This method is faster than previous approaches.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: laser skin perforator is one-piece and consists of metal housing, laser emitter, power supply unit, lens holder, guides for disposable cap, optoelectronic couple and light indicator of disposable cap replacement. Laser perforator laser radiation spectral range is in range of 2.5-3.5 mcm. In perforator coaxial arrangement of axis of laser crystal and vertical optical axis of radiating part of laser perforator is used with provision of coaxial arrangement of laser emitter in housing of laser perforator with help of at least two seats in frame of laser emitter. Laser perforator also comprises focusing lens, trigger for pumping lamp ignition, which is in close proximity to pumping lamp, for which in laser emitter holder frames there is seat for trigger. Lens holder design further includes pusher located on rear side, wherein inside lens holder is a channel made with thread, wherein axis of this channel should be aligned with axis of laser crystal and axis of disposable cap opening, and focusing lens is placed inside channel and clamped by two nuts with external thread. Laser perforator uses disposable cap replacement indicator arrangement on front panel above guides for disposable cap and indicator in form of translucent light guide in form of slit, as well as arrangement of optoelectronic couple opposite to disposable cap guides and into which disposable cap ledge partially enters. Power control circuit includes microcontroller. In base of laser skin perforator there is a combined connector for connection with foot pedal and computer. EFFECT: using given invention will allow improving operating efficiency of laser emitter, safe for patient. 7 cl, 12 dwg


Abstract The influence of pH and salt concentration on temperature optimum of proteolytic enzymes was studied in extract samples of ground fresh salmon fillets, with additions of salt, acid and alkali (individually and in combination). Thermal stability was studied by inactivation of enzyme activity after pre-treatment at different time-temperature regimes. Potential reactivation was measured after storage of pre-treated extracts. Addition of salt (± acid/alkali) activated and stabilized proteolytic activity (alkaline proteases primarily) over a wider temperature and pH area. Inactivated proteases in extracts did not reactivate after storage.


This study examines the relationship among physical disability, need satisfaction, and marriage satisfaction in 36 couples in which the wife was disabled. A Perception of Needs Scale and a Marital Satisfaction Scale were developed for this project. A Mobility Dimension Scale was adapted from one utilized in previous research. It was found that the physical condition of the disabled woman is not a useful predictor of need or marriage satisfaction in either member of the couple. The problem of role ambiguity complicated the picture in some important ways. Need satisfaction and marriage satisfaction were found to be highly correlated.


Abstract: Colleen Murphy has recently proposed an innovative approach to the normative theorization of transitional justice understood as the "just pursuit of societal transformations". Central to Murphy's argument is the claim that this pursuit requires discharging a set of duties of justice of a distinctive kind, irreducible to those of retribution, correction, and distribution. While I concur with Murphy's claim concerning the irreducible relational nature of transitional justice, in this piece I show that this latter falls short of identifying a specific kind of justice. I suggest that what distinguishes the different demands of justice that Murphy singles out is the extent to which they commit to the specific realization of the two general kinds of duties of either end-state or interactive justice in different circumstances.


The results of studies on the development of agro-ecological principles of crop rotations organization taking into account productivity of crops and their influence on soil fertility as result of straw and other plant residues application as well as efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers applied together with straw under different systems of embedding are reported.


SINR distribution and rate overage distribution are crucial for optimization of deployment of Ultra-dense HetNets. Most existing literatures assume that BSs have full queues and full-buffer traffic. In fact, due to ultra-dense deployment of small cells, traffic in small cell varies dramatically in time and space domains. Hence, it is more practical to investigate scenario with burst traffic. In this paper, we consider a two-tier non-uniform ultra-dense HetNet with burst traffic, where macro BSs are located according to Poisson Point Process (PPP), and pico BSs are located according to Poisson Hole Process (PHP). The closed-form expressions of SINR distribution and rate distribution are derived, and then validated through simulation. Our study shows that different from the result of full buffer case, the SINR distribution and rate distribution of users depend on the average transmission probabilities of BSs in burst traffic case.


At present,labor services export has become an effective way of increasing the rural employment,solving the problem between the supply and demand of rural labor force and raising the farmers' earnings.The southern region of Henan Province is underdeveloped,so labor services export has to be an unavoidable choice for its rural development.Taking Nangan Town of Luoshan County as an example,this paper analyzes the town's labor services export characteristics of demography and geographical distribution as well as its influences on local economic and social development in the latest two Febades.Finally,some suggestions are proposed for improving the effects of labor services exporting in the South region of Henan Province.


The vinegar in watermelon rind as raw materials,after digestion,alcoholic fermentation,acetic acid fermentation,beverage preparation and so on process to brew.The results show that: acetic acid fermentation process conditions: pH 3.5,the fermentation temperature is 32 ℃,acetic acid bacteria inoculation 7%.The watermelon rind fruit vinegar drink recipes: 7% of the amount of vinegar,sugar content is 12%,salt added is 0.2%.


An inverse solution using Laplace transform can predict a given boundary condition well except for rapid change of the surface condition and moving heat source by introducing a time partition method. The time partition method has the ambiguity of how time is divided. A new method in which the inverse solution at a time, t, is obtained from the measured temperatures in the time range of [t-α(L2/aπ2), t+α(L2/aπ2)/2] becomes free from the complicated time division. In addition, for the moving source, a new interpoltion is introduced by taking into account the temperature propagation along the moving source. The inverse solution, thereby can succeed in predicting the surface condition for any case commonly encountered. Quench cooling of high temperature, as an example of a moving source is effectively coped with.


This study raised the issue of child problems, with the focus of the study of Children Facing the Law. Departing from the research title "Phenomenological Studies of Children Facing The Law at the Mataram Children's Special Development Institute". The results showed that the vulnerability of children facing the law (read: Anak Berhadapan dengan Hukum or ABH) is caused by dysfunction of family foster care patterns and the dominant influence of the social environment. The status as ABH has made them feel ashamed/disappointed/and sorry for the deviant behavior that has been done. ABH believes that the family can receive their presence again after undergoing coaching at LPKA, but they realize that the community will give a negative stigma to its status as ABH. The process of socialization of ABH is carried out by LPKA Mataram through personality coaching, self-reliance coaching, and education. The socialization process has made ABH learn from its current experience, ABH in the future has hopes in the form of: the desire to continue education, work and become a better person. firstname.lastname@example.com
Keywords: Contemplation, Motive, ABH, Future ABH


Soil fertility status under various types of upland farming was evaluated in a village in Mae Taeng District of Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand. The farmlands were on sloping land in a transitional zone of hill evergreen and mixed deciduous forests (800-1000 m a.s.l.). Miang tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica ), traditionally cultivated as the sole main cash crop, has been replaced by other cash crops. The studied soils originated from granite (n=30), limestone (n =16), and shale (n =6). Clay minerals were composed mainly of kaolin minerals in the granite soils and quartz, chlorite, gibbsite, mica, and kaolin minerals in the limestone and shale soils. Soil texture classes differed among soil types. However, granite and shale soils showed similar chemical properties to each other with an acidic nature and lower levels of exchangeable bases. Irrespective of the parent material, the CEC values were correlated with soil organic matter contents but not with clay contents. The levels of soil organic matter and the resulting CEC as well as ECEC values were higher in the limestone soils than in the granite and shale soils. These results suggest that higher negative charges in the limestone soils were derived from soil organic matter and that these charges developed under higher soil pH conditions. The C/ N ratios of the limestone soils were lower than those in the granite soils and shale soils, reflecting the well-decomposed status of soil organic matter. The granite soils were classified into three groups based on their physicochemical properties: foresttype soils (remnant forest, secondary forest, miang tea garden and lychee orchard), soils of annual crop fields, and soils of the home gardens. The forest-type soils were characterized by their strong acidic nature with lower contents of exchangeable bases and available P. Soils of the annual crop fields and those of home gardens showed a less acidic nature and nutrient accumulation occurring as a result of fertilizer application. However, a dif ference between these soils was that while the annual crop fields possessed preferable soil physical properties for crops caused by tillage management, soils of home gardens were subjected to compaction throughout soil profiles. In contrast to granite soils, the effects of different land uses on soil fertility were not evident in limestone soils. However, the annual crop fields and orange orchards had low total C and total N, engendering lower CEC values. Although the available P of these soils was high because of fertilizer application, fertilizer N in the annual crop fields seemed not to contribute to a buildup of total N and ammonium N. Both in lychee orchards with the granite soils and orange orchards with limestone soils, fertilizer P had accumulated around trees where fertilizer was usually applied. For shale soils, the subsurface soils under the oolong tea gardens (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) were rich in total C and N and less compacted than soils of other land uses. Results show that dif ferent farming practices affected soil fertility status depending on soil types with different parent materials. 186 Sota TANAKA, Thanakorn LATTIRASUVAN, Kenji NAKAMOTO, Chalathorn SRITULANON and Katsutoshi SAKURAI


Abstract : Efficient reanalysis models, which provide high quality explicit approximations for the structural behavior, are introduced. The presented algorithms are based on a series expansion which is shown to be equivalent to a simple iteration procedure. Only the decomposed stiffness matrix, known from exact analysis of the initial design, is required to obtain the approximate expressions. Two approaches of accelerated convergence are proposed to improve the quality of the approximations: (a) An approach where a scalar multiplier, used for scaling of the initial design, is chosen prior to the solution as the accelerating parameter; (b) An approach where information gathered during calculations of the series coefficient is used to improve the convergence rate. Numerical examples illustrate the efficiency and the quality of the proposed approximations. A special attention is focused on reanalyses along a line, a problem typical to many optimal design procedures. The computational effort in this case is considerably reduced, since only a single independent variable is involved.


Effects of ethylene on the respiration and ripening of fruits were observed. The critical concentration of ethylene in the respiration of satsuma mandarin, natsudaidai, and tomato fruits was considered less than 1ppm.The treatment with 1ppm ethylene was much effective on promoting the ripening of mature green tomato fruits, but it was little on immature fruits (18th day after anthesis). These seemed to suggest that the critical concentration of ethylene might change at some ripening stages of fruits.The effects of. ethylene on the respiration and ripening of fruits increased little in 100 and 1000ppm in comparison with 10ppm, indicating that 10ppm was enough to promote the ripening of fruits.Treating with 10ppm ethylene for 3 days or more, the respiratory peak of satsuma mandarin and natsudaidai fruits appeared on either 2nd or 3rd day since starting the treatment, and after that the respiration decreased in spite of keeping up the treatment.In mature green tomato fruits, the climacteric rise of the respiration appeared soon after the treatment, and it continued to rise to its peak after stopping the treatment.When Japanese persimmon fruits were treated 10ppm ethylene during 3 days or more, the respiratory peak appeared either 3rd or 4th day since starting the treatment, and the flesh of the fruits had softened at the peak.The treatment with ethylene increased a bit of soluble solids content in the fruits of non-astringent type (var. Fuyu); on the contrary, decreased it much in the fruits of astringent type (var. Hiratanenashi).On the one hand, in the treatment with 10ppm ethylene during a single day the flesh softening got slow in speed than that during 3 days or more. On the other hand, the treatment with 10ppm ethylene for more than 3 days was not considered to be so much effective on the respiration and ripening of fruits than that for 3 days.


This case presents a 16-year-old female with complaints of headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting who is brought to the emergency department by her parents. The emergency physician is struck by a petechial rash on the patient's face, which triggers a vivid memory of a similar rash in a patient with meningococcemia that proved fatal. A lumbar puncture is quickly done, and antibiotics are initiated. The patient is subsequently transferred to another physician, who finds an alternate explanation for the patient's symptoms and refers her to surgery.


The skills and development of children's language are unique to observe, the researchers found several cases of varying language abilities in the age range of 6-12 years old who are still in primary school. From the perspective of child development psychology, the findings are influenced by several factors that are directly or indirectly related to the child's life. On the basis of this background, the researchers made an analysis of the results of observation of primary school children in the age range of 6-12 years with the object of research made randomly. The result of the data obtained by the researcher is that the elementary school age children have significant differences in the ability to speak in the school environment and outside the school environment.


Using the statistical analysis platform for Chinese academic journal evaluation in CNKI's Chinese academic journals network publishing database as statistical data source,and taking the published and downloaded literature quantities of Journal of Xiangnan University (Medical Science) in period of 2005-2009 as the base,this paper makes the statistical analysis on browse quantity and download quantity of this journal,the browse quantity and download quantity of each subject and the download quantity of each research institute for improving the level of Journal of Xiangnan University (Medical Science) through making horizontal and longitudinal comparison.


Objective
To evaluate effectiveness and security of eletrionic bronchoscopy in patients suffering type Ⅱ respiratory failuresupported by non-invasive mechanical ventilation.

Methods
Ten patients with type Ⅱ respiratory failure treated in Shanghai Changhai Hospital from July 2014 to June 2016 were collected, all patients were given eletronic bronchoscopy during non-invasive mechanical ventilation.Vital signs were observed and recorded before and after the examination.using these data to do a comparison research.

Results
Patients′ respiratory rate, saturation pulse oxygen, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood showed significant difference before and after the eletronic bronchoscopy (t=4.33, 4.72, 5.71, 7.50, all P<0.01).

Conclusions
Eletronic bronchoscopy can effectively improve vital signs and oxygen saturation in patients with type Ⅱ respiratory failure during non-invasive mechanical ventilation, it can enhance the success rate of non-invasive mechanical ventilation without obvious complications.

Key words:
Respiratory failure; Non-invasive ventilation; Sedation; Bronchoscopy


Brassinosterone, a precursor inthe synthesis Of brassinolide, it exhibited more than 70% of the biological activity of brassinolide in rice test (Fig.2). Brassinthokime, a product of condensation of brassinosterone with Carboxymethoxylamine hydrochloride,showed 60% of that of brassinolide inthe same test system at 10 μmol/L concentration (Fig. 2 ). In cucumberhypocotyl test, the brassino-- oxime2 μmol/L ) promoted elongstion of cucumber hypocotyl by 20% as compered with control (Fig. 3 ). Thebrassino--chime was found to be comPetitive with brassinolide or brassinosterone (Fig. 4 ). Combination ofiodohistamine with brassino--oxime byChloramine--T method formed the 125Ilabelled compound which was used forcucumber and rice testS. The resultsshowed that the Rf 0. 93 fraction ofchromatography was effective in pro-moting both elongation and inclinationsignificantly (Fig. 5). So the Rf 0. 93was an effective one. Its specific radioactivity was 73. 8 GBq/mmol.


The thought was introduced about the general examination system on opening library,the algorithm of random question se-lection in generating paper was analyzed and source program by VFP was given out,meanwhile it was explored about the algorithm of the subjective questions the object questions and the test library encryption and the test library decryption.By making use of the expert system(the main adopts obverse inference pattern to carry estimate),the judging subjective questions were completed,and the blemish in traditional no paper examinationonly investigated the objective questions.


Simple Summary Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) invaded China, dispersed quickly and poses a major threat to agriculture. The predation potential of two species of predators, Orius sauteri (Poppius) and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), were tested using functional response experiments in a laboratory. The predation potential of nymphs of O. sauteri and adults of H. axyridis on eggs and larvae of the pest fitted Holling's Type II functional response models. Our findings revealed the potential of the two biocontrol agents to control S. frugiperda. Abstract The lepidopteran pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), spread rapidly after its first detection in China and has caused significant yield loss to maize production in the southwestern part of the country. Although natural enemies of S. frugiperda are present in the field, biological control using naturally distributed predators is ineffective because their underlying populations are too low. To enhance our understanding of the potential role of natural enemies in regulating this invasive pest, functional response experiments were conducted to quantify the response of two predators, Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), in terms of consumption of S. frugiperda. Experimental results revealed that the predatory effects of nymphs of O. sauteri and H. axyridis on the eggs and larvae of S. frugiperda fitted Holling's Type II functional response model. Importantly, the theoretical maximum number of prey consumed per day (Na-max), the instantaneous attack rate (a′) and the handling time (Th) of O. sauteri nymphs on S. frugiperda eggs were 15.19, 0.7444 and 0.049 d, respectively; and the parameters on first instar larvae of S. frugiperda were 700.24, 0.5602 and 0.0008 d, respectively. These data contrast to those of H. axyridis, where the Na-max, a′ and Th of adults on eggs of S. frugiperda were 130.73, 1.1112 and 0.085 d, respectively, and on the first instar larvae of S. frugiperda were 1401.1, 0.8407 and 0.0006 d, respectively. These results revealed that H. axyridis is a highly voracious predator of the eggs and young larvae of S. frugiperda and O. sauteri could also be used as biocontrol agent of this pest. Our work provides a theoretical framework for the application of natural enemies to control S. frugiperda in the field. Further research is required to strategize conservation biological control approaches in the field to increase populations of these predators and enhance the suppression of S. frugiperda.


This paper reports the results of a study carried out to develop a system to recommend web advertisements to users based on their latent interests in an online real time bidding environment. As part of this work, we describe an approach which could be used to help predict the latent interest of users by analyzing their long and short term interests based on a large dataset of user web browsing histories. The proposed approach was tested in an experiment study with 32 different websites. Overall, this approach, which separated the user browsing history into sections representing their long and short term interests resulted in significantly higher predictive performance than when a singular section of user browsing history was used to represent the overall interests of users. In addition, we examined the effect of using different category levels as features to represent long and short term interest.


Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted on juvenile summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus (25–80 mm total length) from Delaware and North Carolina nurseries to compare their responses to temperature and to ration limitation. Ad libitum feeding rates, maximum growth rates, and growth efficiency were measured at temperatures from 2 to 20°C. Although ad libitum feeding rates did not differ between fish from the two locations, North Carolina juveniles had higher maximum growth rates and growth efficiencies than Delaware juveniles between 6 and 18°C. Growth rates and changes in biochemical condition were also measured for different rations at temperatures that persist during the months following settlement (10–16°C). Survival was high (>98%) after 10–14 d of starvation and suboptimal rations at 10–16°C, but growth rates were highly dependent on feeding rates. Maintenance rations remained constant between 10 and 16°C, but scope for growth increased with temperature, Scope for growth of North Carolina juv...


With the development of mobile Internet technology,micro- learning based on novel mobile terminals has become complementary to informal learning in recent years. The We Chat public platform,the micro message account service produced by Tencent Inc on August 23,2012,can support organizations or individuals to create mobile course,edit materials,share information and interact with all the users. For mobile micro- learning,however,it is a complete learning process including not only the resources for communication but also the learning mode,the learning activity,the learning interaction and the support services. Therefore,there are still many issues to be addressed during the application process.In order to discover the learning model of micro- learning,we present a case study of the " Data Structure"( DS) course which is based on the We Chat public platform. Before this study,the DS course used the Moodle platform and had accumulated more than six years of course construction and application. It also won the national quality courses( Network Education) award in 2010. As a supplement of online learning,we designed and built 32 learning materials in different formats on DS We Chat micro course. These learning materials are in the mixture format with graphics,textures or videos. After nearly four months of operation,we have collected the data of 598 users,and analyzed their learning needs,learning behaviors and learning effect by using content analysis and questionnaire survey.The results confirm that the We Chat public platform plays a positive role in attracting new learners,communicating micro learning content,promoting individual learning and real- time effect evaluation. On the other hand,the findings also show that the We Chat users are extremely dispersed. There are 38. 69% users coming from the first- tier cities such as Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou,and more than 50% users are in the other 25 cities of China. For this reason,many of them substantially differ in the knowledge background,network environment and learning needs. Besides,they have low learning participation and too much randomness of learning behavior. According to the statistics in this study,after learning materials have been published,the average resource conversion rate is less than 27% in the first seven days. Furthermore,only 9. 53% of users are giving feedback on questions or evaluations,and 11. 7% of users are choosing to drop out by the end of this study. Because of the technical limitations,the users won't be allowed to make conversation with other users by the We Chat public platform if they need help from peers. The We Chat public platform can only provide the conditions to have communication between the users and the managers. In order to improve the situation,we suggest circulating the professional knowledge as the target,paying attention to the We Chat users- centered pedagogical design,enriching the types of learning resources,increasing the frequency of material updating,enhancing the support of multiple We Chat learning technology,strengthening the learning support services which include cognitive and emotional elements and so on. It is reasonable to believe that the We Chat users will get better leverage by learning the mobile course as listed above. The mobile micro- learning based on the We Chat platform,meanwhile,will also gain the broader recognition and social influence.


Quantum Computing and Quantum Information Science seem very promising and developing rapidly since its inception in early 1980s by Paul Benioff with the proposal of quantum mechanical model of the Turing machine and later By Richard Feynman and Yuri Manin for the proposal of a quantum computers for simulating various problems that classical computer could not. Quantum computers have a computational advantage for some problems, over classical computers and most applications are trying to use an efficient combination of classical and quantum computers like Shor's factoring algorithm. Other areas that are expected to be benefitted from quantum computing are Machine Learning and deep learning, molecular biology, genomics and cancer research, space exploration, atomic and nuclear research and macro-economic forecasting. This paper represents a brief overview of the state of art of quantum computing and quantum information science with discussions of various theoretical and experimental aspects adopted by the researchers.


The control accuracy of the fast steering mirror (FSM) is always degraded when suffering a mechanical vibration of the optical platform it mounted on. This paper proposes an active optical axis jitter control scheme by a 2-DOF giant magnetostrictive FSM which is operated under micro-vibration environment. After designing an adaptive direct compensator design based on the fuzzy tree method, a hybrid controller is employed to stabilize the optical axis. Besides, to overcome the instability caused by an initial bias, a proportional-integral (PI) feedback controller is adopted. Laser beam tracking control experiments demonstrated that, in addition to reduce the time-varying and unknown optical axis jitter, the proposed control scheme can still achieve a precise tracking performance when the FSM was under an unknown vibration.


Recently, research on dual band antennas has done with a tremendous development in Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application especially in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and 5 GHz UNII band. This paper describes the design of Dual Band Hybrid Antenna with a combination of Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) and Microstrip Circular Antenna (MCA). Aim of the project is to design a dual band hybrid antenna which will be operating in the WLAN band, IEEE 802.11 a/b/g. The project covers two bands of WLAN that has been allocated by MCMC (Malaysian Communication & Multimedia Commission) for operating frequency from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz and 5.725 GHz to 5.875 GHz. The DRA and MCA dimensions will be determined using equation of single element patch antenna and optimized by simulation using CST Microwave Studio 2009. In general, hybrid antenna was designed successfully with sufficient return loss and bandwidth in simulation and measurement. Through simulation and optimization, both DRA and MCA were finally being combined together as a hybrid antenna with 3 different techniques. Although there is very tough to find matching impedance for the feeding point, yet it still produced a better result both in simulation and measurement. Results shows from simulation return loss for both dual bands are slightly shifted to the lower and higher of desired resonant frequency, depending on the methods of combination. But still meet the criteria of hybrid antenna design specification. Measured results also demonstrated the result of return loss for all three types of hybrid antenna showing the dual bands operating frequency shifted a little bit, doubting affect from fabrication and measurement process. Nevertheless, it's still can be used in application of WLAN. In fact, there is still lot of area need to have an improvement, especially in the on the combination part, as this designed can be initial step for microstrip and DRA antenna designer for further development process.


Oilseed crops are valuable sources of oil content and fatty acid constituents. Brassica rapa is a well-known oilseed and vegetable crop grown throughout the world. B. rapa has higher genomic similarities with model plant A. thaliana . The genetic regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis is well studied in A. thaliana as well as in B. napus. However, only little information on genetic regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis has been known in B. rapa . The objective of this work was to identify and map the genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis process in B. rapa DH population (Yellow Sarson, YS-143 x Pak Choi, PC-175). 172 lines of DH68 population was used for genotyping of markers. Comparative mapping was performed to predict positions of genes in B. rapa using two approaches; homology with chiifu sequence and genomic block synteny A. thaliana and B. rapa . Primers were designed for 18 candidate genes and their 16 paralogs genes in B. rapa using Chiifu sequence. Among 31 markers genotyped, 13 markers were mapped in DH68 population are in agreement with predicted positions in genomic blocks. Thus, the research will be useful to co-localise QTLs with candidate gene, identification of putative genes as well as cis and trans positions of genes in future.


Introduction Rotavirus, an etiologic agent of causing diarrhea, was identified in 25-40 percent of children with diarrhea in urban Kathmandu valley of Nepal, but the data in remote rural areas was inadequate. It was not clear whether domestic animals possessed Rotavirus and could become a source of infection in annual epidemic period. The current study described one-year prevalence of rotavirus in human beings and domestic animals in rural communities of Nepal. Objectives The purpose of this study was to reveal the association between domestic animal Rotavirus and child diarrhoea in the rural communities of Nepal. Methods Human faeces were collected from children under 5 years of age who developed diarrhoea and that from non-diarrhoeic children of equivalent ages. Animals' faecal samples were collected monthly from cows, buffaloes, pigs and dogs in the village. All samples were made 20 percent suspension in PBS and stored at -30 0 C. The study was undertaken from October 2001 to November 2002. Indirect sandwich ELISA with minor modification was applied for Rotavirus assay. Results A total of 714 stool samples from children and 772 from domestic animals were tested. Among children group, 116(16.2%) were found ELISA positive for Rotavirus whereas 8(1.03%) were positive among animal groups. The percentage of ELISA positive in hospital samples (30.6%) was significantly higher than in village (4.1%). The highest rate of rotavirus positive was also found in diarrhoeic stools (30.4%) compared to normal stools (0.87%) (P<0.05). The high incidence of diarrhea and Rotavirus was observed in winter. Rotavirus was found in 6 months to 2 years age groups more frequently than other groups while only three samples of normal feces contained Rotavirus. The incidence of Rotavirus in animals was 0.41 percent (1 of 242) of buffaloes, 2 of 254(0.78%) dogs and 3.62 percent (5 of 138) from diarrhoeal samples of pigs. Conclusion Rotavirus was found predominantly in winter and attacked 6 months to 2 years old children. The study indicated that the infected animals and hospitalized diarrhoeal children were possible source of Rotavirus infection in Nepal.


Many years ago a case of comminuted fracture of the lower end of the femur, which seemed impossible of reduction, suggested to me the necessity of devising some method whereby the fragments could be accurately apposed and held in normal position. After considerable thought, together with a number of experiments, I devised the band with an instrument for its application, which, after many modifications, I am offering to the medical profession as one more addition to the many appliances used in operative work on fractures of the long bones. Wire, when sufficiently tight to possess the proper tensile strength, breaks or loosens. Screws crack and destroy the bone, as well as loosen. Pegs are uncertain for the same reason. Plates are held by screws and are defective in some cases on account of the breaking or loosening of the screws. A single band around a bone does not possess a


Regarding the Active Disturbances Rejection Controller (ADRC) as main line, this present paper has Introduced Extended State Observer (ESO), Tracking Differentiator (TD), Nonlinear State Error Feedback (NLSEF), which are all the key parts of ADRC, in addition, the realization means and specific structure of ADRC is included. In ADRC control system, it is not necessary to identify the plant model and the form of external disturbance, but taking the unified model parameter perturbations and external disturbances on the system as a system disturbance for real-time compensation, therefor the control system has very good adaptability and robustness.


The invention relates to a silica gel-supported alpha-diimine nickel olefine polymerization catalyst. The catalyst supports alpha-diimine nickel on silica gel by using a mode of chemical bond connection so as to achieve the aim of efficient support; and the catalyst can efficiently catalyze ethylene polymerization under the action of modified methylaluminoxane in which the molar ratio of Al to Niis 50 to 400 to generate high molecular weight polyethylene with good form, and the activity of the catalyst can reach 966 to 2,400gPE/gcat.h.


We report a one-pot method for synthesizing atomically monodisperse Au25 nanoclusters stabilized with various functionalized thiols. This approach permits facile incorporation of specific functionality [such as –OH, –COOH, and atom transfer radical polymerization initiator –OC(O)C(CH3)2Br] into the protecting thiol ligand shell and provides convenient access to new types of Au25 nanoclusters inaccessible by the previous two-phase approach. Importantly, a distinct "size-focusing" process was identified in the growth process of Au25 nanoclusters in the one-pot reaction. This facile, one-pot synthesis of thiol-functionalized Au25 nanoclusters allows for the development of specific surface chemistry for practical applications of such nanoclusters, such as bioconjugation, sensing, and surface polymerization, and thus makes the approach and the Au25 nanoclusters of broad utility.


(±)-Nocardione A (1), (S)-(−)-nocardione A, and (R)-(+)-nocardione B (2) were synthesized by starting from the enantiomers of propylene oxide and 5-benzyloxy (or methoxy)-1-tetralone. The absolute configurations of the naturally occurring (−)-1 and (−)-2 were established as (S).


As the space object population has rapidly grown, the data volume required to produce reliable orbital estimates has far surpassed the pace of the traditional government sensor acquisition process. Fortunately, over the last few years, the commercial, academic, and amateur communities have stepped up to build cost-effective sensor networks leveraging commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and existing hardware. Certifying and calibrating this multitude of diverse sensors using the traditional manual process is not feasible. Over the last three years, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has been investing in concepts to develop a highly autonomous process to parametrically assess the quality of data originating from non-traditional sensors and to fuse this information with that obtained from certified sensors. Successful simulations and the development of automatic calibration algorithms have set the stage for an active demonstration effort using a global network of sensors including commercial, academic, amateur, and government sources. This paper will discuss progress to date and demonstrations scheduled for completion through spring 2017.


The article emphasizes the cultural and educational importance of H. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy for the spiritual development of the Ukrainian society, especially in the direction of democracy and establishment of the worldview culture as a requirement for the culture of freedom. From the position of the included observer the author of the article describes some episodes of relationship in the scientist's communities which can be defined as justice and solidary community. On the basis of the Heidegerian scheme, some dangers are analyzed as demands addressed to philosophical thinking. This scheme is used by structuring of the article. The metaphoric of these dangers indicates the contextual problems which are important for producing of philosophical ideas. The experience of the Institute of Philosophy gained by solving of problems is very remarkable for the fulfillment of philosophical studies and educational practices especially by mentoring of the postgraduate students. The fact of naming the Institute after H. Skovoroda is regarded as a symbolic act with a great creative potential and energy which can be used for reviving of national traditions of philosophical thinking. The role of lyric in activating of philosophical ideas is showed. The symbiotic coexisting of the poetry, art, journalism and philosophy is one of the original features of the Skovorodian tradition caring by the well-known representatives of the Institute. All these characteristics joined with the civic culture, which was demonstrated by all generations of the Institute, allow defining it as a metaphysical place with the ability both to follow on the road of the way of light and to represent it on the landscapes of philosophical science and education. The history of the Institute, especially, in the period of its post-totalitarian transformations, gives the opportunity of taking comparison with the Institute for Social Research Frankfurt. The civic courage of the Ukrainian intellectual elites was always initiated, supported and generated by philosophers gathering in Institute of Philosophy.


Introduction: The sounds we are exposed to everyday are usually at a safe level and do not affect our hearing. However, development of latest technology and frequent use of headphones has increased the proximity of sound to the ear. Adolescents and young adults who are commonly exposed to loud music/noise are at a greater risk of developing hearing impairment. Hence the adverse effects of chronic exposure to loud sounds need to be assessed.
Objectives: To determine hearing thresholds in students (Males/Females) at various frequencies and the changes in hearing thresholds associated with prolonged exposure (>90mins) to sound.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 148 first year MBBS students.
Materials used - ALPS Advanced Digital Audiometer AD2100, bone oscillator and headphones.
Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0 with p<0.05 as significant.
Results: 1) Males have lower hearing thresholds than females except at higher frequencies where females have equal or better hearing thresholds than males.
2) The mean exposure to headphones was 115.432±92.1348 mins.
Subjects with >90mins exposure had better hearing thresholds at lower frequencies but at higher frequencies showed increase in hearing thresholds.
Conclusion: Lower hearing thresholds in females at higher frequencies could be evolutionary as females are more sensitive to high pitch sounds like baby's cry. Prolonged exposure to loud sound damages hair cells at base of cochlea responsible for picking up high frequency sounds.
Keywords: Hearing thresholds, noise, adolescents.


The article analyzes the problem of the intercultural situation in Belarus. It arose at the beginning of the twentieth century in connection with the formation of the national identity of Belarusians and had the form of "Belarus between Russia and Poland." The rivalry in the Belarusian lands of Eastern Orthodoxy and Western Catholicism was considered as the main factor of the in-termediate position. In modern conditions, the concept of intercultural status should be complemented by the concept of Belarus as part of the European cultural space.


The core premise of the bystander approach to campus violence prevention emphasizes the prosocial role that community members can play in thwarting sexual violence and focuses on encouraging and training students to act in ways that interrupt potentially violent situations (Dovidio, Piliavin, Schroeder, & Penner, 2006). How students perceive themselves as active bystanders—those most likely to disrupt situations with violence potential—is critical for creating effective campus policies designed to help stop violence in its many forms. To date, however, little research has been done to measure college students' intention to intervene in potentially violent situations, nuanced to the collegiate contexts students actually face (McMahon, 2010). Although some scales have been developed to gauge past bystander behavior, attitudes, and efficacy (see McMahon, Banyard, & McMahon, 2015), they do not measure students' likelihood to intervene in specific situations and the social contexts that motivate such behavior. The purpose of this article is to introduce a scenariobased measure designed to assess students' intention to intervene in a bystander situation.


Salt sensitivity is a major cardiovascular focus, but extremes of sodium (Na+) intake can affect subject dropout rates. We analyzed dietary compliance and baseline cardiovascular indices in an ongoing genotype‐phenotype protocol in healthy young adults. Study visits followed 5 day consumption of 3 daily Na+ levels: normal (150) low (10) and high (400 mmol/day). Compliance was determined by 24‐hour Na+ excretion. Vital signs were obtained on each visit. Of the first 30 subjects to date, one was unable to tolerate the low Na+ diet due to palatability. Mean ± SE urine Na+ excretion was 113 ± 27, 25 ± 18 and 328 ±110 mmol for normal, low, and high Na+, respectively. Low Na+ caused a significant weight change of −1.6 ± 2.2 kg from screen. High Na+ diet decreased resting HR (−2.7 bpm) and increased 24hr urine volume 25% from the normal Na+ diet. No correlation was found between urine indices and weight change in the subjects. This dietary sodium crossover study is generally well‐tolerated with high compliance. Low Na+ diet appears to cause weight loss; high Na+ causes an increase in urine volume and decrease in HR, but no effects on weight or blood pressure. HL 089331


The review of University Planning and Architecture: The Search for Perfection is a brief summary of the the main discussion points in the book, situating the information within a larger context of campus master planning and learning space design.  The author also suggests further readings on the topic.


Objective To design a new method for atlantoaxial arthrodesis Methods The usual anterior approach was used through an incision at a level just above the cricoid cartilage The anterior body of C 3 was exposed and the C 2-3 disc identified Starting 2-3 mm to the left of the exact midline and just under the inferior anterior edge of the body of C 2, a guide pin was directed to the left lateral mass of atlas and then,the titanium screw was placed Another screw was placed directly to the right lateral mass Results Of the ten patients underwent the described procedure and followed up for a mean of 19 months, seven showed good position of the screws, one patient died of respiratory insufficiency Conclusion The new method of atlantoaxial arthrodesis was found to be reliable and be especially useful in patients who were not feasible for posterior atlantoaxial internal fixation


We first point out that Mandarin Chinese and English show a striking contrast with respect to metalinguistic negation. Simple negated sentences in English freely allow metalinguistic readings of the negation whereas counterpart sentences in Mandarin do not. The cross-linguistic difference is then derived from independently motivated structural representations of negation in these two languages interacting with a single proposed universal syntactic constraint on the availability of metalinguistic readings of negative sentences. We show that the proposed constraint also accurately distinguishes within Mandarin between negative sentences which prohibit metalinguistic readings, on the one hand, and negative sentences which allow them, on the other. In addition to accounting for the previously unanalyzed contrast between Mandarin and English, the analysis accounts for this cross-linguistic difference without resorting to language specific (or even typological) statements about metalinguistic negation. Cross-linguistic differences in this respect are claimed to follow as a consequence of independently motivated syntactic differences between the two languages.


TH3E function of the intestinal flora and the relationship of the flora to such of its products as are absorbed by the organism have been matters of some controversy. Two conflicting views have been held, viz. (1) That the intestinal microbes are useful to the organism. (2) That the intestinal microbes are harmful to the organism. The first hypothesis is nothing more than a teleological conception without supporting evidence; the second is based on observations, especially as to the relationship between the intestinal flora and the absence of urinary indican in the breast-fed child. The contention has hitherto been left undecided owing to the lack of crucial experiments which alone are satisfactory for the elucidation of biological problems. The present contribution deals shortly with experiments performed with a view to demonstrating that indican and other products in urine are due to the activity of intestinal microbes. To put this conclusion on an unshakable basis it is necessary to demonstrate that in vivo an intestinal flora containing predominantly indole-forming micro-organisms gives rise to indican in the urine, whereas by transforming at will such a flora into one containing in predominance non-indole forming micro-organisms, the indican and other products disappear from the urine. The first stage in the investigation of the relationship between intestinal flora and urinary poisons is to find a method of transforming the flora. This was done by feeding white rats upon a food diet which included lactose [Distaso and Schiller, 1914]. After feeding for two or three days with this diet the faeces acquire an acid reaction and a yellow colour. The predominant microbe is just the same as in breast-fed infants, viz. the B. bifidus communis which never produces indole. We were led to adopt this method starting from the hypothesis that certain enzymes may be absent in adult rats which would result in a sugar passing untouched into the caecum, and so into the large intestine, whereby microbes of what one of us has called the acetogenous group (B. bifidus, acidophilus, etc.) would be able to grow [Distaso, 1911].


Medical material management is an important part in hospital management.This paper explains the function of MIS and the relationship between MIS and the closed logistics management of medical materials.Then,the author presents an incorporate logistics management mode based on SCM.


Response of barley anthers of 3 genotypes with higher tolerance and 1 genotype with susceptibility in vitro culture and callus derived to crude toxin of Fusarium graminearum was investigated. The results showed that with the increase of the concentration of the crude toxin in culture media, the frequency of callus induction and green plant regeneration was decreased. Comparing the two genotypes, the frequency of callus induction and green plant regeneration was less affected for tolerance-genotype. So a conclusion can be made that anther tolerance or susceptibility to Fusarium graminearum toxin is correlated with barley genotype.


Rainfed lowland rice production in lower northeast Thailand is a complex and adaptive farming activity. Complexity arises from interconnections between multiple and intertwined processes, particularly agronomic practices and labor migration. Having faced a heterogeneous and very variable environment for centuries, local rice farmers are very adaptive and used to adjust their behavior in unpredictable farming conditions. Based on the principles of the Companion Modelling (ComMod) approach, indigenous and academic knowledge was integrated in an Agent-Based Model (ABM) to build a shared representation of this complex and adaptive system. The ABM was codesigned over a 3 years long process with a group of different types of rice growers from Ban Mak Mai village in southern Ubon Ratchathani province. This participatory modeling process also aimed at stimulating participants? thinking and co-learning through the collective exploration of simulated scenarios with varying levels of water and labor availability, with the ultimate goal of further strengthening their adaptive management ability. The ABM consists of three interacting modules in a virtual rainfed lowland rice environment: Water (hydro-climatic processes), Rice, and Household. "Household" is a rule-based agent making daily decisions based on its available means of production depending on the stage of the rice crop, and water and labor availability. Key decisions made are related to: i) rice nursery establishment, ii) rice transplanting, iii) rice harvesting, and iv) migration of household members. The spatially-explicit model interface represents an archetypical toposequence made of upper to lower paddies in a minicatchment farmed by 4 different households and includes also water bodies and human settlements. According to participating farmers, after many iterations between the lab. and the field, this ABM adequately represents their rice farming and labor migration management practices. Using the model to raise farmers? awareness of the system emergent properties as a consequence of interactions between rice farming and labor migration is also discussed. (Resume d'auteur)


This study aims at producing an assessment instrument of the PISA model to measure students' problem-solving skills and scientific literacy in junior high schools that are valid, practical, and having potential effects. This research employed the design of development studies. The analysis used the Item Response Theory (IRT) Rasch model based on the junior high school students' responses to the developed PISA assessment instrument on natural science subjects. The result of this study was a test set of PISA model for the material of Vibration, Wave, and Sound consisting of 40 items. The test was valid in terms of content, constructs, and language according to the expert assessment, and practical based on small group trials. It also had a potential effect based on the students' answers and questionnaires results in the field test. The qualitative analysis showed that the developed test had several potential effects, i.e. the development of students' problem-solving skills and scientific literacy so that they gained a relatively high ability to solve a test with the PISA model. The results of quantitative analysis through field test trials showed that there was a significant effect from the application of the PISA model test to enhance students' scientific literacy and problem-solving skills in the junior high school with the Sig. value of 0.000 which was less than the significance level of 0.05 (α = 5%).


A new metal-oxo cluster supported transition metal complex, [Cu(en)2(H2O)]2[Cu(en)2]0.5[MoVI8VIV6VVO42{Cu(en)2}], has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group (No. 2), a = 12.245(5), b = 12.669(5), c = 20.949(8) A, α = 77.120(13), β = 78.107(17), γ = 65.560(14)°, V = 2860(2) A3, Z = 2. The metal-oxo cluster contains a novel bicapped a-Keggin structure unit and a [Cu(en)2]2+ unit covalently bonded to the [Mo8V7O42]7− cluster.


Introduction: Pluto's interior remains a mystery, including the composition of the core and the existence and extent of a subsurface ocean. Though typical seismological study is not possible on Pluto, the reaction of stress waves released from large impacts to a planet's interior structure can be used to probe the planet's interior – seismology by impact. Recent analysis of New Horizons data revealed extensive lineations antipodal to Sputnik Planitia (SP) [1], the 1200 x 2000 km elliptical impact basin on Pluto [2]. These resemble the "hilly and lineated" terrain antipodal to Caloris Basin on Mercury [3]; here, we propose a similar formation mechanism from seismic focusing of impact-generated stress waves. We simulate the formation of SP to determine if these terranes result from stress wave focusing at the basin's antipode [3-5], and how such focusing may have been influenced by Pluto's internal structure [3,5]. Our simulations reflect SP's updated dimensions [2], which require a larger impactor than previously considered [6]. Our numerical simulations consider variations in ocean thickness and core composition, as both are primary uncertainties in Pluto's internal structure that will exert significant control over wave propagation. We then compare predicted antipodal deformation to the geologic features observed to determine the most likely internal structure of Pluto. Methods: Following [6], we use the iSALE shock physics code [7-9] to simulate a 300, 350, and 400-km diameter impactor striking a Pluto-like target at 2 km/s [10], with the same model setup [11-13]. A 400 km-impactor was found to produce the closest match to observed basin size and used as the fiducial model. We extend 2 km-resolution to all of Pluto to resolve antipodal deformation [i.e., 5]. In our simulations we vary preimpact ocean thickness (0, 50, 100, 150 km) and core composition (dunite [13], serpentine [14]) to determine which, if any, bulk interior structure yields the observed antipodal deformation. The combined ice shell/ocean thickness is held constant at 328 km [6]. Following [5], we infer resulting deformation through measurements of material velocity, total plastic strain, and displacement during and after stress wave arrival at the antipode. Preliminary Results: In our fiducial model (Dimp = 400, tocean = 0, dunite core), the contrast in sound speeds between the ice shell (~3300 m/s) and core (~6500 m/s) causes the impact-induced stress wave to be transmitted quickly through the core and much more slowly through the overlying ice shell (reported sound speeds are calculated by iSALE using the equation of state). The temporal separation of the wave between materials produces separate arrivals at the antipode, as observed in strong peaks (>35 m/s) in material velocity (not to be confused with wave speed) at ~550 and ~800 s after impact. To assess structural deformation at the antipode, we quantify inward/outward displacement experienced by material in the region. Measurements of horizontal displacement after 5000 s (when the antipode is no longer accumulating plastic strain) indicate that greater than 2 km of displacement occurs in a near-surface zone extending 250 -300 km from the antipode, where material is largely carried inwards (Fig. 1a). This near-surface deformation zone is observed in all subsequent runs using a 400-km impactor (Figs. 1-2); decreasing impactor size reduces the width and magnitude of deformation.


lining and thus no quantitative data on the extent of endothelial damage resulting from the toxic i6actions. To follow the initiation, spread, and extent of the endothelial lesions, the endothelial cell borders were stained while still on the excised cornea by a 30-sec. exposure to a 0 5-per cent solution of AgNO3. To prevent the interference of naturally occurring chlorides, the corneas were rinsed briefly in isotonic sucrose both before and after staining. They were then fixed in methanol. By careful dissection the endothelial layer was teased free from the imderlying cornea and small fragnmients were transferred to glass slides. This permitted the application of various stains (Hansen's iron trioxyhaematin, Giemsa) to the same endothelial preparation for more precise cytological studies.


The role of uncertainty in manpower planning is discussed and illustrated by reference to manpower planning in the Civil Service. The nature of the planning process is described, and an account given of the principal statistical methods employed. Uncertainty is classified in terms of random error, specification error, estimation error and data error. Strategies for containing error are discussed, and examples used to illustrate the relative importance of each type. Parameter specification error is usually dominant, and experience suggests that sensitivity analysis is the most practical way of dealing with it. The mutually‐dependent roles of statistician and manager in the process of working towards effective decisions, and the importance of a flexible and continuous planning process which can adapt to the unexpected, are both stressed.


There are a number of HTML documents that include metadata on the Web and a number of information services that provide metadata embedded using metadata standards across domains. Those metadata are, however, encoded in various different schemas and in different serialization formats, which makes it hard to automatically extract and interpret. The primary reason of the difficulty is the lack of interpretation rules for metadata, e.g., lack of definition of metadata vocabularies, lack of definition of encoding syntax and so forth. This paper proposes a model to support interpretation of embedded metadata without formal schema by linking a metadata instance to DCMI Description Set Profiles (DSP). An XPath Expression addresses a metadata instance encoded in HTML, and DSP define metadata schema. We propose extending DSP to include XPath for linking a metadata instance to a metadata schema. This paper also shows an experimental system that extracts metadata using extended DSP.


The letters from Drs. Violette and Bouchard,[1][1] Ferrier[2][2] and Coelho[3][3] all seek further clarification about how palliative care involvement was defined. We direct readers to Appendix 2 of our article (available at available at [www.cmaj.ca/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1503/cmaj.200016/-/DC1][4])[4


The primary objective of this paper was to identify problems associated with running a large stationary diesel engine on alternate fuels. Engine performance and operational characteristics of the alternate fuels are compared with No. 2 diesel fuel. The two fuels which have been evaluated to date are: Distillate shale oil (DFM); DFM blended with No. 5 residual oil.


Paper delivered at the ABCDE conference, held in Cape Town, South Africa, June 9-11, 2008. - The AIDS pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa puts increasing pressure on the buffer capacity if low and middle income households without access to health insurance. This paper examines the relationship between health expenditures/shocks and access to health insurance for the purpose of initiating a policy discussion about the potential impacts of a unique subsidized low-cost private health insurance programme in Namibia. A unique dataset is used, and the survey also includes medical testing for HIV-infection, resulting in explicit analysis of HIV-related health shocks. It particularly focuses on the relationship between health shocks, insurance status, and health seeking behaviour and possible mitigating effects of insurance on income loss and out-of-pocket health expenditures.


A photosensitive tetrapyrrole derivative having formula (I)where n stands for 1 or 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is useful as an effective ingredient in an obstruent composition for photochemotherapeutically obstructing neovascular vessels. The photosensitive tetrapyrroles of the formula (I) may be administered in a photochemotherapeutic method for obstructing neovascular vessels, particularly choroidal and retinal neovascularizations.


The invention describes an AMOLED display apparatus. The AMOLED display apparatus comprises a plurality of grid lines arranged along a first direction and extending along a second direction; a plurality of data lines and first routing lines extending along the first direction and arranged in an alternative manner along the second direction; a first voltage input terminal for providing first signals; a second voltage input terminal for providing second signals; a third voltage input terminal for providing the first signals or the second signals; a first control module and a second control module electrically connected with sub-pixel units; and a plurality of current detection units connected between the first routing wires and the third voltage input terminal in series; the grid lines and the data lines limit a plurality of sub-pixel units in a crossed manner; when the first control module is switched on and the second control module is switched off, the sub-pixel units execute an image display function; and when the first control module is switched off and the second control module is switched on, the sub-pixel units execute a current detection function.


The present invention relates to a compound module (10) for installation in a breathing circuit of a closed-circuit breathing apparatus (1000) having an inlet port (12) on which a first circuit element of the circuit breathing apparatus (1000) is connectable, an outlet port (14) to which a second circuit element the closed-circuit breathing apparatus (1000) is connectable, at least one fluid inlet (16) through which maintenance fluid in the breathing circuit of the closed-circuit breathing apparatus (1000) is introduced, and at least one fluid outlet (18) through which the servicing fluid from the respiratory circuit of the closed-circuit breathing apparatus (1000) be discharged is. The present invention further relates to a maintenance device for circuit breathing apparatus (1000) to the connecting module (10) and a controller (30) and by the controller (30) controllable and / or adjustable valves (40), said servicing fluid and / or gas through the controller (30) and the control and / or regulation of the valves (40) in a state in which the connection module (10) in the closed-circuit breathing apparatus is installed (1000), are circulatable through the breathing circuit. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for servicing a circuit breathing apparatus (1000) comprising the steps of: opening the circuit breathing apparatus (1000) at least one place, installation of the connection module (10) or the maintenance apparatus, and introducing service fluid into the breathing circuit of the closed-circuit breathing apparatus (1000 ) (by the connection module 10) or the maintenance device.


The working group recognised that many international and national organisations had developed strategies for evaluating the safety of new food products produced by the application of genetic modification. These strategies were necessarily fairly general and the group agreed that it should focus its attention on the pathogenicity and toxicity of live microorganisms used in food.


The theory of applying electrostatic field to separate ultra-fine powder was put forward on the basis of analyzing movement process of micrometer grade of powder in vacuum electrostatic field,and relative experiments were conducted.


Research article writing is a demanding task for researchers. Especially for non-native speakers, writing research papers does not come naturally. Studies have revealed that research paper writing conventions are a major problem. Research articles have a high degree of conventionalization. They are largely conventional as regards organization and language. The structure and the formulaic expressions in the research articles serve specific communicative purposes. They can be regarded as a type of code. Knowing and mastering these codes is beneficial to engaging in the research community. In this exploratory study, we manually analyzed research articles in various disciplines, attempting to explore more interesting conventional features. We examined the formulaic expressions in research articles from alternative perspectives: tenses, voices and rhetoric devices. The goal of this study is to help non-native researchers, especially novice researchers, to raise awareness of and facilitate the writing of such conventional formulaic expressions, which are expected from professional researchers in their publications.


In this article, we prove the following theorem. Let k ≥ 3 be an integer, G be a k‐connected graph with minimum degree d and X be a set of k + 1 vertices on a cycle. Then G has a cycle of length at least min {2d,|V(G)|} passing through X. This result gives the positive answer to the Question posed by Locke [8]. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 58:179–190, 2008


Introduction Total joint arthroplasty rates have increased dramatically in recent decades. However, a comprehensive analysis of trends in revision total hip arthroplasty has not been performed rece...


Objectives: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), which is known as a noninvasive therapy, promotes the repair of bone fractures. Until now, studies of LIPUS have focused on the proliferation and the differentiation of osteoblasts. However, the effects of LIPUS on osteoclasts are still not fully understood. Therefore, we examined the effects of LIPUS on osteoclastogenesis using goldfish scales with both osteoclasts and osteoblasts as a model of bone. Materials and Methods: Ultrasound was generated by the Sonic Accelerated Fracture Healing System (SAFHS 4000J; Teijin Pharma, Ltd). Scales were collected from goldfish under anesthesia; they were then treated with LIPUS for 20 minutes, incubated at 15°C for 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours in L-15 medium, and their mRNA expression was measured. Next, the influence of LIPUS on scale regeneration was investigated to confirm the results obtained from an in vitro experiment. Results and Discussion: After 6 hours of incubation following LIPUS treatment, RANKL mRNA increased significantly. Resulting from the increased RANKL mRNA level, the expression of transcription-regulating factors significantly increased after 6 hours of incubation, and the mRNA expression of functional genes was significantly upregulated after 12 hours of incubation. However, the mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin, which is known as an osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor, also significantly increased after 6 hours of incubation. Thus, we determined that LIPUS moderately activates osteoclasts via RANK/RANKL signaling and may induce bone formation. Next, we performed an in vivo experiment with goldfish. After 2 weeks of daily LIPUS exposure, the regeneration rate of the LIPUS-treated scales was significantly higher than that of control scales. These data support the hypothesis that LIPUS moderately activates osteoclasts and induces bone formation.


As part of a continuous improvement program, the Bernas ion source used in the Precision Implant 9500xR and the xR80 high current implanters has been further developed. The enhancement involves optimising the position of the filament inside the are chamber and thus the plasma density distribution. This increases the extracted B, BF/sub 2/, As and P ion beam currents by upto 50%. Source life tests have shown improved lifetime by up to 30%, since the source operates in a more efficient regime. A comparison between the standard source and the enhanced source will be presented, and the processes and mechanisms that limit source lifetime will be discussed.


La2NiO4+-based oxides, mixed ionic-electronic conductors with K2NiF4-type structure, have been considerably investigated in recent decades as electrode materials for advanced solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to their high electrical conductivity and oxidation reduction reaction (ORR) activity. In this study, La1.7Ca0.3Ni0.75Cu0.25O4+ was investigated as a potential cathode on La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3 electrolyte support. Furthermore, La1.7Ca0.3Ni0.75Cu0.25O4+ was examined on thin Ce0.8Gd0.2O2 (GDC) electrolyte with Ni-GDC anode support for intermediate temperature SOFCs (IT-SOFCs). La1.7Ca0.3Ni0.75Cu0.25O4- cathode with gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) electrolyte and NiO-GDC anode support showed a maximum power density of 0.75 W/cm(2) in H-2 and lower polarization resistance, Rp (<0.1 cm(2)), in impedance spectroscopy at 700 degrees C.


The 1960s was a period of turbulence around the world. The global capitalist order was challenged in a series of youth-led rebellions extending from America to France to Japan and Italy. Raised in middle-class comfort, the romantic postwar generation was estranged from the oppression of the dominant values and declared war against the established order. They claimed to fight for the subalterns (women, minorities, and laborers), striving to build a new world of equality and unfettered liberty. Although this brave new world never came to be, the capitalist world has never been the same. In the British colony of Hong Kong, which had since the 1950s transformed itself from an entreport to an industrial city, the 1960s was also a period of rapid economic growth and social turmoil. The advent of capitalist modernization generated a new web of mass production and mass consumption that accelerated the erosion of long-standing sociocultural values. Although the colony's political system remained as unresponsive as it had been before the economic boom, generational conflicts became acute as the postwar baby boomers became swept up in the appeal of the modern – liberty, freedom, democracy. Unlike their more cautious parents, many of whom came to Hong Kong to escape the poverty and political upheavals of the mainland, the younger generation was eager to claim the city as their home (as novelist Xi Xi aptly put it, "My City") and thus articulate their criticsm of the colonial situation.


Scabies is a common contagious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei that affects all people, regardless of age or socioeconomic status. Transmission of scabies most often occurs through direct and prolonged skin contact, which usually happens between family members and sexual partners. The most common form of scabies is classic scabies, the main symptom of which is severe itching that intensifies at night. Tunnels hollowed out by female scabies are typical lesions on the patient's skin. These changes are mainly located in the interdigital spaces, the proximal phalanges and the flexural surfaces of the wrists. The diagnosis of scabies is mainly based on the clinical picture, but in order to confirm the infestation, adult scabies, their eggs or faeces, must be found by microscopic examination. Treatment of scabies is primarily aimed at eradicating mites as well as managing subjective symptoms and minimizing the risk of transmission. In addition to the use of medicinal preparations for all household members, it is also important to wash and iron all clothes and bedding. According to the European guidelines of 2017, the treatment of scabies is based primarily on the use of topical preparations of permethrin 5% (present in Poland in the form of a cream and gel) or ivermectin used orally at a dose of 200 μg/kg body weight. Both preparations are used twice with a weekly break between doses. Both topical permethrin and ivermectin show a similar, very high cure (over 90%).


Introduction Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been studied for potential health benefits in many diseases including breast cancer. The preventive effects of n-3 PUFAs may relate in part to inhibition of chronic, low-grade inflammation. Of interest is the role of n-3 PUFAs in modulating pro-inflammatory gene expression via epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation (DNAm). Methods DNA methylation of PBMCs obtained at 0 and 6 months of n-3 PUFA supplementation was assessed via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). PBMC samples were obtained from women at high risk for breast cancer during a randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of different n-3 PUFA doses. The dosing arm selected for this study was 5 g of EPA+DHA/day, with baseline and 6 month samples (n=10). DNAm was quantified using Bismark from trimmed, pass filter reads and analyzed with MethylKit to determine n-3 PUFA treatment specific DNAm changes. Results Global DNAm showed no change after 6 months of n-3 PUFA treatment; however, we detected 30,974 differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) across the genome. DMCs, both genome-wide and in gene promoters, where DNAm can regulate gene expression, were significantly enriched for hypermethylation events after treatment. Focusing the analysis on pro-inflammatory signaling mediators led to identification of candidate gene promoter DMCs involved in several inflammation-related pathways. Four pathways were significantly enriched for both DMCs and DMC hypermethylation events even when accounting for the genome-wide trend toward hypermethylated DMCs (hypergeometric test p-value Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that n-3 PUFA supplementation can result in inflammation-related changes stemming from PBMC methylome perturbation. The results suggest the TLR pathway as a potential mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effects of EPA and DHA. Functional studies are needed to confirm our current observation. Citation Format: David E. Frankhouser, Sarah Woelke, Michael Sovic, Ralf Bundschuh, Pearlly Yan, Lisa D. Yee. Omega-3 fatty acids produce DNA methylation changes in inflammation-related genes and pathways with implication of toll-like receptor signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4222.


The diazonium reagent Fast Black K salt was evaluated for the visualisation of amines and phenols on silica gel thin-layer chromatographic plates. The reagent was shown to differentiate between aliphatic primary and secondary amines by colour. The structures of the coloured reaction products were subsequently determined; aliphatic tertiary amines did not react. Visible spots were obtained with sub-microgram amounts of various chromatographed drug substances, the sensitivity thus being adequate for toxicological drug screening.


This paper quantitatively considers the hypothesis that the tau missing-mode problem might be explained by the existence of a second and massive tau neutrino, with mass less than the tau mass. I find that the tau missing-mode problem cannot be explained when the hypothesis is formulated according to conventional weak-interaction concepts.


Sixty‐one percent of older men and 73% of older women reported using at least one dietary supplement (DS) in the past 30 days in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010. The purpose of this analysis was to characterize the types of DS products used and the motivations for using them among older adults (ages 60+ yrs; n=4,222) in the NHANES 2007–2010. DSs were categorized by major types (e.g. multi‐vitamin, multi‐minerals (MVMM), botanicals), specific nutrient (e.g. calcium or omega‐3 fatty acids) or intended use (e.g. joint health). The most frequently reported reasons for DS use in older adults were to improve overall health (41%), for bone health (34%), to maintain overall health (31%), for heart health or to lower cholesterol (19%), to supplement the diet (18%), or to prevent health problems (17%). MVMM were the most frequently reported DS (42%) with 46% of MVMM users reporting use to improve overall health and 36% to maintain overall health as the motivations for using them. The second most commonly reported DS was calcium (24%), with 76% of calcium users taking this product for bone health. Omega fatty acids, botanicals, vitamin C, D and E were reported frequently and the motivations for using these products varied. The high usage of DSs in older adults emphasizes the importance of monitoring DS use and understanding the motivations for using them.


Control engineers have typically used constant inertia models to allow real-ime simulation. While this method works well for gross approximation of engine speed, the selection of the constant inertia value is important for minimizing estimation errors. The authors examine the use of a minimum acceleration error methodolgy for selecting the inertia value for the constant inertia model This will help engineers choose an inertia value that provides more accurate engine acceleration estimation. While in some cases, the traditional constant inertia value method will yield better engine velocity estimation. The effects of torque, engine geometry and speed on the calculation of inertia are investigated. Discussions of the advantages and disadvantages of both methods are also included.


Six reinforced concrete beams, including 4 beams strengthened with BFRP sheets at different layer of BFRP sheets and 2 control beams, are tested to investigate the effect of layer of BFRP sheets on the ultimate flexural resistance and load-deflection response of the pre-damaged concrete beams strengthened with BFRP sheets. Results show that the flexural resistance of pre-damaged concrete beams increases along with the BFRP sheets layer increasing,but the flexural resistance enhances the degree not to assume the linear relations to the enforcement layer.Numerical simulation of the pre-damaged concrete beams strengthened with BFRP sheets is conducted by ANSYS, and the results of numerical simulation are compared with those of the test results. It turns out that the results of numerical simulation are in good agreement with the test results.


Many anarchists are suspicious of "psychologizing" and make little reference to psychology as a discipline beyond dismissing its individualist focus. Yet psychological assumptions about power, hierarchy, cooperation, and similar dynamics underlie critiques of statism and capitalism and shape prefigurative efforts to transform society so that human beings can more easily achieve both autonomy and mutuality. At the same time, personal and interpersonal turmoil frequently hinder those efforts. The challenge is to determine which aspects of psychological research and psychotherapy, especially critical psychology and extensions of humanistic psychology and radical psychoanalysis, might help anarchists grapple simultaneously with both the personal and the political. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2011 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]


Background:Because oral erythromycin administration has been associated with reduced elimination of alfentanil, suspicion has been raised about related opioids with similar metabolic pathways. A controlled crossover study of sufentanil pharmacokinetics was undertaken to resolve this issue. Methods:Six subjects had measurements of plasma concentrations for 9 h after intravenous administration of sufentanil (3 μgAg). Each subject was studied following no erythromycin (control) and after 1− and 7-day courses of erythromycin base. Results:Plasma concentrations during the 9 h of measurement were similar before and after erythromycin. Terminal half-life and clearance and distribution volume did not change significantly among treatment groups. Values measured after 7 days of erythromycin were similar to controls. Conclusions:Prior administration of erythromycin docs not alter pharmacokinetics of sufentanil in the 9 h following sufentanil administration. Thus, there are no apparent clinical consequences of prior or concomitant erythromycin administration in patients receiving sufentanil for procedures of 9 h or less.