REM sleep triggers a potent suppression of postural muscle tone – i.e., REM atonia. However, motor control during REM sleep is paradoxical because overall brain activity is maximal, but motor output is minimal. The skeletal motor system remains quiescent during REM sleep because somatic motoneurons are powerfully inactivated. Determining the mechanisms triggering loss of motoneuron function during REM sleep is important because breakdown in REM sleep motor control underlies sleep disorders such as REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and cataplexy/ narcolepsy. For example, RBD is characterized by dramatic REM motor activation resulting in dream enactment and subsequent patient injury. In contrast, cataplexy – a pathognomonic symptom of narcolepsy – is caused by the involuntary onset of REM-like atonia during wakefulness. This review highlights recent work from my laboratory that examines how trigeminal motoneuron activity is lost during normal REM sleep and it also identifies potential biochemical mechanisms underlying abnormal motor control in both RBD and cataplexy. First, I show that neither GABAA/glycine mediated inhibition of motoneurons is required for generating REM atonia. Instead, our preliminary data suggest that both metabotropic GABAB and ionotropic GABAA/glycine inhibition of trigeminal motoneurons is required for activating REM atonia. Next, I show that impaired GABA and glycine neurotransmission triggers the cardinal features of RBD in a transgenic mouse model. Last, I discuss our recent, unpublished data that suggests that loss of an excitatory noradrenergic drive onto motoneurons is, at least in part, responsible for the loss of postural muscle tone during cataplexy in narcoleptic mice. Together, this research indicates that multiple transmitters systems are responsible for regulating postural muscle tone during REM sleep, RBD and cataplexy.


Abstract : The 36- and 48-inch AMF blast closure devices were tested to determine their air flow characteristics, closure times, blast resistance and weatherability. At an air flow of 10,000 cfm, the 36-inch valve had an intake pressure drop of 0.55 inches of water and an exhaust pressure drop of 0.39 in. of water; the 48-inch valve at an air flow of 13,000 cfm had an intake drop of 0.53 in. of water and an exhaust drop of 0.36 inches. The closure time of each valve was about 170 msecs. Sensor reaction time averaged about 50 msecs. The 36- in. valve was not damaged by tests in the NCEL Atomic Blast Simulator at pressures up to 192 psi; however, the 48-in. valve's reopening and latching mechanism was moderately damaged when subjected to a blast pressure of 204 psi. The effects of three years of weathering indicates that a severe corrosion problem exists unless the valves receive proper maintenance.


The purpose of this study to analyze the direct effect of online marketing and e-service quality on satisfaction. To find out the direct effect of online marketing and e-service quality on loyalty. This is to determine the direct effect of satisfaction on loyalty. To determine the indirect effect of online marketing and service quality on loyalty with satisfaction as an intervening variable. The target population of this study is 200 respondents of online shop comsumers . This research uses quantitative methods of data intending. The data collection technique uses an online electronic questionnaire and analysis uses SmartPLS software. results of this study are online marketing has significant effect on satisfaction. This means that an increase of online marketing will encourage satisfaction a decrease of online marketing will encourage a decrease satisfaction. e-service quality has not significant effect on satisfaction. This means that an increase of eservice quality will not encourage satisfaction a decrease of e-service quality will encourage a decrease satisfaction. online marketing has significant effect on loyalty. This means that an increase of loyalty will encourage satisfaction a decrease of online marketing will encourage a decrease loyalty.


Self-supervised multi-object trackers have tremendous potential as they enable learning from raw domain-specific data. However, their re-identification accuracy still falls short compared to their supervised counterparts. We hypothesize that this drawback results from formulating self-supervised objectives that are limited to single frames or frame pairs. Such formulations do not capture sufficient visual appearance variations to facilitate learning consistent re-identification features for autonomous driving when the frame rate is low, or object dynamics are high. In this work, we propose a training objective that enables self-supervised learning of re-identification features from multiple sequential frames by enforcing consistent association scores across short and long timescales. We perform extensive evaluations that demonstrate that re-identification features trained from longer sequences significantly reduce ID switches on standard autonomous driving datasets compared to existing self-supervised learning methods, which are limited to training on frame pairs. Using our proposed SubCo loss function, we set the new state of the art among self-supervised methods and even perform on par with fully supervised learning methods.


"Defined contribution" is the latest buzzword among employers, insurers, and health policy wonks. Managed Care Editor Ken Terry warns that this approach to health care is not all it's cracked up to be.


Trolling and social bots have been proven as powerful tactics for manipulating the public opinion and sowing discord among Twitter users. This effort requires substantial content fabrication and account coordination to evade Twitter's detection of nefarious platform use. In this paper we explore an alternative tactic for covert social media interference by inducing misperceptions about genuine, non-trolling content from verified users. This tactic uses a malware that covertly manipulates targeted words, hashtags, and Twitter metrics before the genuine content is presented to a targeted user in a covert man-in-the-middle fashion. Early tests of the malware found that it is capable of achieving a similar goal as trolls and social bots, that is, silencing or provoking social media users to express their opinion in polarized debates on social media. Following this, we conducted experimental tests in controlled settings (N = 315) where the malware covertly manipulated the perception in a Twitter debate on the risk of vaccines causing autism. The empirical results demonstrate that inducing misperception is an effective tactic to silence users on Twitter when debating polarizing issues like vaccines. We used the findings to propose a solution for countering the effect of the malware-induced misperception that could also be used against trolls and social bots on Twitter.


A distributed file system is a scalable and reliable storage system. However, it has a problem that performance of the system is limited because a large number of metadata operations are concentrated in a single Metadata Server (MDS). To solve this problem, it is effective to cache metadata in client side memory but, consistency of the metadata cache needs to be guaranteed. There are mainly two methods to guarantee the consistency: MDS oriented and client oriented. However, in both cases, the performance of the MDS degrades due to intensive control messages in certain access patterns. In this paper, we propose a hybrid method to apply the two cache policies separately to each file and change the cache policy dynamically depending on the access patterns. An experimental measurement showed that the proposed method can reduce the load of the MDS by alleviating control messages, and can improve the performance of the system.


This qualitative research examines how Nigeria, Seychelles, and South Africa applied technologies to mediate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on their education systems. The research demonstrates that sociocultural and institutional factors, and attitudes of stakeholders, rather than technological access, significantly determined the countries' capacity to transition tertiary institutions online at the height of the pandemic. It expands the understanding of the role of institutions and policies in the adoption of education technologies. The research findings are expected to inform the articulation of relevant policies and system-wide strategies for resilience and antifragility in case of future societal disruptions.


No standard for a minimum level of highway sign luminance or retroreflectivity exists. The purpose of this research was to establish such a level. Because of the increasing number of older drivers and their diminished visual capabilities, the focus is on sign luminance requirements of these drivers. Forty-two subjects 65 years of age or more and 19 subjects 25 years of age or less participated in this project. All subjects had a valid driver's license and wore corrective lenses during the field test if they normally wore them while driving. The field study determined the minimum sign luminance required for the subjects to read a sign with black numerical data on a yellow background. The subjects viewed seven yellow warning signs on a simulated roadway in a large asphaltpaved parking lot. The signs were viewed at distances of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 m (32.7, 43.6, 54.5, 65.4, 76.3, 87.2, and 98.1 yd). The sign luminance was varied by using signs of differing retroreflectivity. All tests were conducted at night with low-beam headlights and no fixed roadway lighting. The sign luminance requirements for the two groups has been determined and compared.


2 • The neural mechanisms that underlie the fluctuations in muscle force during isometric contractions are not well characterized. • Specifically, the contribution of afferent feedback from stretch receptors to the fluctuations is not well established. • Muscle spindles can be excited with a vibratory stimulus of the tendon. Afferent projections from muscle spindles exert an excitatory effect on alpha motor neurons to the same muscle. • Tendon vibration may therefore alter the output of a pool of motor neurons acutely and affect the fluctuations in force. • The effect of chronic vibration on motor output variability is different depending on the muscle group (Yoshitake 2004, Shinohara 2004). • The purpose of this project was to examine the effect of acute tendon vibration on fluctuations in force during contractions of the knee extensor muscles in young healthy subjects


In the late 19th century, the Buddhist history book titled Sansayagcho was published for education of Buddhist priests. This book is about the history of Buddhism in India, China and Korea. The format of this book is distinct from the existing genre of Buddhist master biographies. The Sansayagcho reveals how the intellectual Buddhist priests of the time understood Buddhism. This study aims to investigate the author and date of publication of the Sansayagcho as well as analyze its format, contents and historical significance.
 This study elucidates that the author is Seoldu-yuhyeong. Previously, there was no specific evidence which showed that Seoldu-yuhyeong published this book even though he has been widely believed to be the author. However, by examining the fact that the contents of Sansa-yugo and Gichulga-yeongi, which belong to the collection of Songgwang Temple, Seoldu-yuhyeong's epitaph, we can admit that he is the author of Sansayagcho. This study also investigates the three existing manuscripts of Sansayagcho and deduces the first date of transcription.
 The manuscripts from Songgwang Temple contain chronological records which reveal they were written in 1864, the 3rd year of Dongchi while another manuscript from Kyujanggak contains records which tellus it was written in 1863, the 2nd year of Dongchi, so that the date of the first transcription is 1863. But when one considers the fact that there were only three manuscripts of this book in existence, it is possible to see that this book was neither printed nor mass produced and was not widely read.
 Sansayagcho is comprised of chapters concerning the history of Indian Buddhism, Chinese Buddhism and Korean Buddhism, as well as a chapter concerning the author's view of Buddhism. This format distinguishes this book from the pre-modern Buddhist history books such as the biographies of Buddhist masters. But it is still not possible to define this book as a modern history book. It mixes pre-modern and modern modes of description. The author tried to discover the links between Indian Buddhism or Chinese Buddhism and the reality of Buddhism in the late Joseon Dynasty. Moreover, it deals with the author's understanding of reality. The fact that he suggested the way of practicing the teachings of Buddha, gyeongjeolmun·wondonmun·yeombulmun·jigye·jobuljotab, helps us to understand the reality of Buddhism in the 19th century. From the information gathered in this study, it is possible to elucidate the historical meaning of Sansayagcho.


methods, except two(1)(16), applications are limited to ternary systems or to systems with particular conditions (e.g., saturation w.r.t. one component). The present method, on the other hand, is applicable to general multicomponent systems, and has noticeable advantages over the two methods(1)(16). In the following, calculations will be made with partial molar free energies, though they are equally applicable to the molar quantity of any other thermodynamic property. The excess molar free energy GE and the excess partial molar free energies GEi of mixing


My Loulou, I have nothing to tell you, except that I miss you and want to see you very much. N...... I am pleased to see my old pupil devote herself to serious reading. As for my opinion on these matters, here it is in a word: I don't know what the two substantives, Matter and Spirit, mean; we don't know the one any better than the other. Perhaps they are only abstractions of our intellect. In short, I consider Materialism and Spiritualism equally impertinent. Ask Monseigneur to lend you Plato's Symposium and Phaedo, in Cousin's translation. Since you love the ideal, my Loulou, you will discover it, in these books, at its very source. As art, it's marvellous.


A magnetic gear offers several advantages compared to the mechanical gear due to the reduced
maintenance, higher efficiency than conventional gears and physical isolation between input and output
shafts. This paper presents a novel design of magnetic bevel gear that achieves high torque transfer to the load. The proposed gear design provides higher load torque under various gear configurations. The
various configurations include different air gap length, different pole pairs with the same gear ratio and gear dimensions.
A practical prototype magnetic gear model is developed and its torque performance is analysed and
compared with finite element analysis simulation method under various configurations. Also, the
performance of the proposed magnetic bevel gear is compared to mechanical bevel gear. Finally, it is
concluded that the results in this paper may help to initiate a shift from mechanical bevel gears to
magnetic bevel gears.


Uncooled infrared thermography has shown great potential for rapid screening of the body temperature of pigs. However, temperature measurements can produce serious errors due to variations in body surface emissivity caused by skin stains or differences in emissivity between body parts. To address this problem, a rotatable infrared filter is added to the optical path of the smartphone-based uncooled infrared detector in this paper. By adding and removing the filter to obtain infrared radiation in different wavelengths, the altering spectrum temperature measurement equation is constructed to reduce the effect of emissivity differences in the measurement process of temperature. On this basis, we developed a smartphone sensor based on an uncooled infrared thermography temperature measurement system with altering spectrum. The sensor enables fast and accurate measurement of pig temperature in the group, which can provide powerful technical support for the diagnosis of physiological abnormalities and diseases in pigs.


Cytokinin activity was detected in the culture medium of Vinca rosea (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) crown-gall tumour tissue 1 week after subculture. Activity increased with time, reaching a plateau at 5-6 weeks. The cytokinin activity from extracts of staled culture medium after 1 and 2 weeks culture cochromatographed with zeatin, zeatin riboside and their dihydro derivatives. An additional slow-moving peak of cytokinin glucoside-like activity was observed from 3 weeks after subculture, and was detectable even at the end of a 10-week culture period. When [U-14C]adenine was supplied to V. rosea crown-gall tissue, analysis of radioactivity remaining in the medium showed incorporation of label into zeatin and zeatin riboside (trans-isomers only) after only 1 h of incubation. Radioactivity in these compounds increased with time; peaking at 8 h, and was still detectable 125 h after incubation. At no time was radioactivity detected in dihydrozeatin, isopentenyladenine or their ribosides. At the end of 125 h incubation, less than 0.2% of radioactivity supplied initially was still present as adenine in the medium. Significant inhibition of tissue growth occurred when it was cultured on medium supplemented with a synthetic or naturally occumng cytokinin.


Objective To explore clinical curative effect safety of edaravone combined with Xingnaojing injection in treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Methods 126 patients with cute cerebral infarction from May 2012 to May 2013 in the hospital were selected and divided into observation and control groups randomly. 63 patients in the control group were treated with basic treatment in Nerve Department of Internal Medicine and Xingnaojing injection. 63 patients in the observation group were treated with edaravone on the basis of the control group. After a three weeks' course of treatment the clinical curative,European stroke scale( ESS),activity of daily living scale( ADL) and adverse reaction incidence were compared between the two groups. Results The effective rate in the control group and the observation group was 87. 3% and 54. 0% respectively. There was significant difference between the control and the observation group about the clinical treatment effect( Z = 3. 263,P = 0. 001). About ESS and ADL there were no significant differences before treatment between two groups( P 0. 05). While after treatment there were significant differences( P 0. 05). There were significant differences between before and after treatment in two groups respectively( P 0. 05). Conclusion The therapy of Edaravone combined with Xingnaojing injection in treatment of acute cerebral infarction can improve the clinical efficacy and is in high safety.


Interoperability, the capability of different systems to share functionalities or data, is important in system and entity communication and has considerable cooperation advantages. The paper describes a general data interchange model for heterogeneous systems and entities using cloud services and provides system inter-operability capabilities for various fields, by means of the cloud infrastructure. The solution we describe brings important advantages in organizational / entity communication and cooperation, with important societal benefits and can be provided within cloud architectures.


Background : Allergies are common ailments worldwide, including in India. Approximately 36% of the Indian population suffers from one or more allergic diseases. Awareness for allergies is thought to be poor in India and myths and misconceptions abound. This study was designed, therefore, to analyze this aspect of allergies in India. Materials and Methods : 1,104 consecutive patients seen in the clinic over a period of one year were enrolled in this study. Patients having allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and atopic dermatitis were included. Each patient had to answer a prepared 15-point questionnaire regarding common myths, misconceptions, and awareness of allergic diseases. Results : The results from this study showed that most patients were unaware of facts regarding common allergic diseases. Myths and misconceptions were found to be prevalent in the majority of Indian patients. Conclusion : Myths and misconceptions regarding allergic diseases abound in the Indian population and awareness of these ailments is very poor. This can only be corrected through a major awareness programme for allergic diseases in India.


Orthogonal experimental design was employed to study the microwave-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from the citrus peel of Zixing city.The antioxidant prosperities of total flavonoids extracts were also discussed.The optimum conditions for extracting total flavonoids from the citrus peel of Zixing city were:ethanol concentration 70%,solid to liquid ratio 1 ∶ 40(g/mL),microwave power 600W,extraction temperature 70℃ and extraction time 20 min.Under these optimum conditions,the extraction efficiency of total flavonoids was as high as 21.11mg/g.Solid to liquid ratio had the most important effect on the extraction,followed by ethanol concentration,extraction temperature and microwave power.The total flavonoids from citrus peel exhibited an obvious scavenging effect on free radicals.The antioxidant activity of total flavonoids was a dose-dependent in the certain concentration range.Based on these results,it can be concluded that the flavonoids extracted from citrus peel had strong antioxidant activities,a good antioxidant ingredient in functional foods.The extraction method was suitable for large-quantity industrial production of citrus peel total flavonoids.


Study population: Patients in Denmark diagnosed with a sarcoma, both skeletal and ekstraskel-etal, are to be registered since 2009. Main variables: The database contains information about appearance of symptoms; date of receiving referral to a sarcoma center; date of first visit; whether surgery has been performed elsewhere before referral, diagnosis, and treatment; tumor characteristics such as location, size, malignancy grade, and growth pattern; details on treatment (kind of surgery, amount of radiation therapy, type and duration of chemotherapy); complications of treatment; local recurrence and metastases; and comorbidity. In addition, several quality indicators are registered in order to measure the quality of care provided by the hospitals and make comparisons between hospitals and with international standards. Descriptive data: Demographic patient-specific data such as age, sex, region of living, comorbidity, World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases – tenth edition codes and TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, and date of death (after yearly coupling to the Danish Civil Registration System). Data quality and completeness are currently secured. Conclusion: The Danish Sarcoma Database is population based and includes sarcomas occur-ring in Denmark since 2009. It is a valuable tool for monitoring sarcoma incidence and quality of treatment and its improvement, postoperative complications, and recurrence within 5 years follow-up. The database is also a valuable research tool to study the impact of technical and medical interventions on prognosis of sarcoma patients. an international, peer-reviewed, open access, online focusing on disease and drug epidemiology, identifica-tion of risk factors and screening procedures to develop optimal pre- ventative initiatives and programs. Specific topics include: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, screening, prevention, risk factor modification, systematic reviews, risk & safety of medical interventions, epidemiol- ogy & biostatistical methods, and evaluation of guidelines, translational medicine, health policies & economic evaluations. The manuscript management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system, which is all easy to use.


Canada's Thordon Bearings Inc has developed a low maintenance water-lubricated shaft seal. It incorporates a low-friction sealing ring which, says the company, is better suited to both variable and deeper draught vessel conditions. In addition, its design has an emergency feature that enables a vessel to return to the nearest port safely if the main seal on its propeller shaft is damaged.


Students consider Islamic religious lessons to be unimportant and difficult so that their learning motivation is low. This type of research is quantitative research. The population in this study was class VII SMP N 5 Demak which amounted to 147 students. The sampling technique in this study used the slovin formula. The sampling technique used was random sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 99 people. Data analysis technique using r product moment. The results showed that� the calculation of r product moment, the value of rcount is 0.353. This means, the value of rxy 0.353 > r table 0.1646 then the first hypothesis is accepted. That is, there is an influence between the religious behavior of parents on the motivation to learn PAI in seventh grade students of SMP N 5 Demak. There is a positive and significant influence on the religious behavior of parents on students' obedience to worship. This can be seen from the results of the correlation calculation using r product moment, the value of rcount is 0.400. Based on the r value obtained, it is necessary to consult the product moment correlation coefficient in the table with N = 99 both at a significant level of 5%, a value of 0.1646 is obtained, and at a significant level of 1%, a value of 0.2312 is obtained. This means, the value of rxy 0.400 > r table 0.1646 then the second hypothesis is accepted.


In this paper, we first present combinatorial proofs of a kind of expansions of the Eulerian polynomials of types A and B, and then we introduce Stirling permutations of the second kind. In particular, we count Stirling permutations of the second kind by their cycle ascent plateaus, fixed points and cycles.


Tony Day follows the trail of international investment to the relative shelter of our shores and examines the state of the nation's capitalist system.


Discretization of interaction force is an important issue in the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) method for two-phase systems. A variety of discretization schemes for the interaction force have been developed from different viewpoints. Although these schemes are totally identical mathematically, they may have quite different behaviors in actual applications. In this paper we investigate the mass conservation properties of four discretization forcing schemes that have been adopted in a variety of two-phase LBE models. It is found that LBE with the mixed scheme does not conserve the total mass, and the violation is related to grid resolution, fluid velocity, and density variation.


Due to improvement in analysing surface texture and optical instruments for investigating the texture surface, the authors propose to evaluate the lubricant performance by analysing the change in several 3D parameters in comparison to an analysis on 2D profile. All the surface of the wear scar generated on the four ball machine is investigated and the conclusion is that from the tribological point of view, the 3D parameters reflect better the surface quality evolution after testing. Investigation was done on the wear scars generated on the three fixed balls, for five lubricants: a non-additivated transmission mineral oil (T90), two grades of rapeseed oil (coarse degummed and refined) and two grades of soybean oil (coarse and degummed).


Chronic cough is a common complaint in children and its relationship with asthma is controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of airway inflammation in atopic and nonatopic children with chronic cough, and to investigate whether atopy is a predictive factor for eosinophilic inflammation in cough. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL; three aliquots of 1 ml/kg saline) was performed in the right middle lobe of 24 (11 atopic and 13 nonatopic) children with persistent cough (8 females, 16 males), mean age 4.7 years (range: 1–11). Atopy was defined as an elevated total serum IgE or a positive RAST test. Both atopic and nonatopic children with persistent cough had an increase in total cells/ml in BAL (atopic: median 39 × 104, range: 20–123; nonatopic: median 22 × 104, range: 17–132) compared to nonatopic controls (median 11 × 104, range 9–30). The increases were mainly in neutrophils (atopic: median 17%, range 2.5–88.5%; nonatopic: median 6%, range 1.0–55.0%) compared to controls (median 1.55%, range 0.5–7.0%; atopics vs. controls, P < 0.005). There were no significant increases in eosinophils, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, or mast cells. Eosinophils were elevated in only 5/11 atopic and none of the nonatopic children. The increased percentage of neutrophils in the BAL fluid of atopic and nonatopic children with persistent cough could be due to an underlying inflammatory process driving the cough, or even conceivably, due to the effect of coughing itself. In this highly selected series, the absence of eosinophilic inflammation in the majority suggests that most would be predicted not to respond to inhaled corticosteroid therapy. This study underscores the need to be cautious about treating coughing children with inhaled corticosteroids, even in the context of a tertiary referral practice. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007;42:857–863. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The mesophase behaviour of a side‐chain liquid crystalline polyacrylate (LCP) grown by drying a solution has been investigated. This LCP, characterised by a short spacer (four carbon atoms) and a long tail (10 carbon atoms), displays, at increasing temperatures, SmC and SmAd phases. The effect of the mean molecular weight, i.e. the mean number of side chains per polyacrylate main chain (18 and 51) on the lamellar width, was studied. LCP–silica nanocomposites have been synthesised by a sol‐gel process in the presence of LCP in the solution, followed by subcritical drying. The mesophase behaviour of these nanocomposites was compared to that of the corresponding bulk LCP. The experimental methods were polarised optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and synchrotron X‐ray scattering.


In this issue of the American Journal of Hypertension, Padwal et al. report data that is extremely relevant clinically.1 A significant number of automatic oscillometric blood pressure (BP) monitors, owned by Albertans with hypertension, are inaccurate. In particular, in this well-designed study, the difference between systolic or diastolic BP taken simultaneously by the patient's own automated oscillometric home BP device and by a 2-observer auscultatory reference standard BP measurement (mercury sphygmomanometer) was more than 5, 10, and 15 mm Hg in 69%, 29%, and 7% cases, respectively.1 These data are truly concerning given the fact that guidelines on the diagnosis and management of hypertension issued by major national professional organizations such as Hypertension Canada, American Society of Hypertension, Heart Foundation of Australia, and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence all endorse home BP monitoring.2–5 Accordingly, data on home BP readings do play a significant role in the decision making process for management of hypertension in the individual patient. In agreement with these trends, the market for oscillometric automated home BP monitors has expanded dramatically over the last decade or so, reaching over 1 billion US dollars.6 It is expected to increase by 13% annually and reach about 2 billion US dollars in 2022, mostly related to aging population, the high prevalence of hypertension in the elderly, and last but not least, by the ongoing emphasis on home BP monitoring.6 Hence, the accuracy of these monitors is crucial since both underand over-treatment of hypertension could have adverse outcomes ranging from symptomatic hypotension, fall-related injuries, and hypoperfusion-induced cerebrovascular and cardiovascular adverse events on the one end of the spectrum, and hypertension related stroke, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and myocardial infarction on the other end. It is somehow perceived, however, that home BP monitors which are validated and endorsed by guidelines issued by the national professional organizations on hypertension is the same as accuracy. Padwal et al. dispel us of this belief. Both, certified and noncertified devices showed a very similar rate of clinically relevant inaccuracy. Furthermore, this is not the first study pointing out discrepancy between "perceived/believed versus real life accuracy" of automated oscillometric home BP devices. As a matter of fact, results of Padwal et al. are in agreement with studies by others including data from our Comprehensive Renal Hypertension Program in Ottawa and others.7,8 Given the fact that methods used by Padwal et al. were highly appropriate and that the scientific interpretation of the results is also sound, we are left with several questions. First, does validation and certification process include accuracy assessment, and if so, are methods for the assessment of accuracy of these devices rigorous and independent enough? Home BP monitors vary with respect to physical components (e.g., cuff, transducer) and the electronic algorithms; hence, many different standards and protocols have been developed over the years for validating these devices. The American Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) came out with standards in 1987, followed by the British Hypertension Society in 1990, the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) in 2002.9–11 The ESH developed a simplified validation procedure in 2010.12 Finally, there were revisions to the AAMI standard (with additional involvement of the International Organization of Standardization [ISO] and the American National Standards Institute [ANSI]) in 2009, with a second edition in 2013.9,10,13 In the United States (Food and Drug Administration [FDA]) and Europe (CE-certification), the second edition of the AAMI/ANSI/ISO standard is followed. These standards are all quite rigorous, prescriptive, and exhaustive in the order of procedures (see Table 1 for some salient features). Altogether, clearly the validation and certification of these devices includes rigorous criteria for an assessment of accuracy. Despite these standards, then, why do we see the results, reported by Padwal and others? There are several possible reasons (see Figure 1). Though the standards for validation are quite prescriptive, there is insufficient data to support that these procedures are actually carried out as they should be. As an example, a systematic


The rapid proliferation of information in the digital era underscores the importance of accurate historical representation and interpretation. While artificial intelligence has shown promise in various fields, its potential for historical fact-checking and gap-filling remains largely untapped. This study evaluates the performance of three large language models LLMs GPT 3.5, GPT 4, and GoogleBARD in the context of predicting and verifying historical events based on given data. A novel metric, Distance to Reality (DTR), is introduced to assess the models' outputs against established historical facts. The results reveal a substantial potential for AI in historical studies, with GPT 4 demonstrating superior performance. This paper underscores the need for further research into AI's role in enriching our understanding of the past and bridging historical knowledge gaps.


A multi-robot system can be highly beneficial for exploration, which is a core robotics task. We know that this exploration task is best performed when using a multi-robot system. The optimal solution strategies of such a task are mostly determined by the conditions imposed by the environment and the abilities of the robot team. We present an algorithm for multi-robot exploration of an unidentified environment, placing into account the communication constraints between the robots. A novel communication scheme of an autonomous robot team via Bluetooth radio is investigated. In the presented solution, an autonomous unit is equipped with two independent Bluetooth radios and so a relatively fast communication is possible in the team in a static (i.e. no ad-hoc) networking topology. An autonomous robot is a machine able to extract information from its environment and use knowledge about its world to move safely in a meaningful and purposive manner. The performance of such a network was tested by implementing a linear graph topology by NXT robots. It was established that the reliability and the speed of such a communication scheme are satisfactory and give rise to applications in a robot team manage task. In the second part of the paper an area exploration method is presented based on the static linear communication system above. The method was tested by computer simulations for various obstacle configurations and density. It was establish that the proposed method performs better than the chosen reference methods in the case of zero or low obstacle density and when high (75% or 100%) exploration ratio is necessary. With a simple verification, we have shown that the proposed (fixed chain-like team) exploration method is optimal in the obstacle-free case under the constraint of the connectivity with the base station.


The microstructure evolution of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films, deposited by plasma enhanced (PE) and catalytic (CAT) chemical vapor deposition, have been investigated with the increasing thickness. It has been found that crystallites prone to present in the initial growth of a-Si:H deposited by CAT method, whose film has a more compact structure and stronger bonding energy than the film deposited by PE method. At a premise of same conversion efficiency, open circuit voltage and fill factor of the silicon heterojunction solar cells fabricated by CAT are higher than that of the cell fabricated by PE.


The adsorption of N-methylacetamide and of L-arginine on apatitic phosphates has been studied by infrared spectroscopy. During the initial adsorption, the bands of adsorbed N-methylacetamide indicate the presence of the trans form attached to surface cations via the carbonyl group. The position of the amide I band is found to give a linear correlation with q/r for apatitic cations (where q is the charge and r the radius of a cation). At higher amounts of adsorbed amide, hydrogen bonding arises either from the self-association of amide molecules or from the binding of these to the surface phosphate anions. L-Arginine can be adsorbed through the groups containing NH bonds or through the carboxyl group. Infrared spectra of calcinated samples as well as the Ca/P ratio determinations point out that a substitution of L-arginine positive ions for surface cations takes place upon adsorption of this amino acid on apatitic calcium phosphate.


ABSTRACT Tensegrity systems are innovative systems, whose stiffness only results from an initial state of stresss, without external loading: selfstress. Their use as civil engineering constructive systems requires a deap knowledge of the compatible selfstress states, that they can accept. In response to this requirement two methods are submitted. First on, so to say geometric method, is based on the topology of the structure and the know of the designer. It introduces the concept of local selfstress state. The second one, a sthenic method, defines the partial selfstress states.


Background: According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, the rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy should be aimed at achieving the maximum level of functioning. It is extremely important to know the opinions of the patients regarding their needs and expectations. Objective: The aim of the study was to identify and present the opinions of cerebral palsy patients on the possibility of independent functioning in adulthood within the context of their functional assessment. Materials and methods: The study included 29 people aged between 15 and 18. Functional assessments were performed using scales describing mobility, hand functions and communication. In addition, a questionnaire and a patient survey card were used. Results: More than half of the surveyed patients (55.2%) plan to live independently. A negative correlation between The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level and adult independence was observed. Only 34.5% of patients with cerebral palsy report disability as a cause of interpersonal problems. The most common obstacles to independent living were mobility difficulties (41.4%), job-finding problems (24.1%), and lack of accessibility (20.7%). Conclusions: The level of functioning of patients with CP affects their perception of independent living. Patients classified at a GMFCS level I and II and patients with hemiplegia are more likely to achieve independence in adulthood than those classified at a GMFCS level IV and V or those with diplegia and tetraplegia.


Theory suggests that a source–sink structure for a prey species can promote the persistence of an otherwise nonpersisting predator–prey interaction. Using a heliozoan protist predator, Actinosphaerium nucleofilum, and a ciliated protozoan prey species, Tetrahymena pyriformis, we tested this prediction in laboratory microcosms. We created subdivided microcosms, each consisting of a 30-mL bottle containing predators and prey connected to a 30-mL bottle containing prey only. Prey dispersed freely through this connection, but predators did not disperse for hundreds of prey generations. The predators and prey in the subdivided microcosms persisted for over three times as long as they did in undivided 30-mL and 60-mL bottles. Our results suggest that prey rescue effects and spatial asynchrony in prey dynamics, characteristic metapopulation features, enhanced persistence in the subdivided microcosms. However, the details by which persistence was achieved closely resemble source–sink dynamics, not classic metapop...


The article is devoted to the life path of the Siberian pilot Georgy Filippovich Baidukov. An attempt to show not only his participation in the heroic flights of the 30s of the 20th century as part of the crew of the pilot Valery Chkalov, but the further service of the Air Force General during the Great Patriotic War and especially after the post-war service of military commander G.F. Baidukov at the USSR Ministry of Defense, responsible for the creation of the latest military equipment for the country's air defense forces was made. Due to the special secrecy of this type of troops, the participation of Georgy Filippovich in their creation was neither covered in his memoirs nor in official publications. Only in the beginning of the 21st century this page of the life of the great pilot, military commander was opened. The article shows the Siberian period of Georgy's life in the Kain district of the Tomsk province, now the Tatar district of the Novosibirsk region, studying at Omsk vocational school, working at Siberian Railway, serving in the Red Army, training in flight schools and then heroic work of a test pilot, performing record flights, participating in two wars: Finnish and Great Patriotic War. The whole life of the Siberian pilot was devoted to serving the homeland, strengthening its defenses. The biography of Georgy Baidukov can be as an example to young people in achieving their goals and in constant study of everything new, advanced in their main profession.


Considering copper as an essential metal and being the key element for regular function of some proteins, copper(II) complexes with amino acids are often used as model systems for metal-protein interactions. Furthermore, copper(II) complexes with heterocyclic bases and amino acids readily interact with DNA molecules through hydrogen bonds and π- interactions. These comopunds showed prominent antiproliferative activity against a series of tumor cell lines.[2] Since 2, 2'-bipyridine and serine are capable of forming various types of noncovalent interactions, their complexes may form predictible supramolecular motifs, thus being important in crystal engineering. In our latest research we have prepared porous complexes of copper(II) with 1, 10- phenanthroline and L-serine which we were able to interconvert into each other in the solid state under controlled conditions. Herein, we present the first four crystal structures of copper(II) complexes with 2, 2'- bipyridine (bpy) and L-serine (ser) obtained by fine tuning of synthetic conditions: [Cu(ser) (H2O) (bpy)]2SO4·6H2O (1), [Cu(ser)(bpy) (CH3OH)]2SO4·3CH2OH (2), and two polymorphs of the [Cu(ser)(H2O)(bpy)]2SO4 (3a and 3b). The two complexes with solvent of crystallization (1 and 2) both have porous structures, while the two polymorphs (3a and 3b) do not, but all of them can be compared to the structures with phenanthroline. On the other hand, chemical properties of bipyridine complexes seem to be somewhat different then those with phenanthroline. Solution based and mechanochemical syntheses are discussed, as well as the chemical properties of these compelxes.


This paper presents a program for the multidisciplinary optimization and identification problem of the nonlinear model of large aerospace vehicle structures. The program constructs the global matrix of the dynamic system in the time direction by the p-version finite element method (pFEM), and the basic matrix for each pFEM node in the time direction is described by a sparse matrix similarly to the static finite element problem. The algorithm used by the program does not require the Hessian matrix of the objective function and so has low memory requirements. It also has a relatively low computational cost, and is suited to parallel computation. The program was integrated as a solver module of the multidisciplinary analysis system CUMuLOUS (Computational Utility for Multidisciplinary Large scale Optimization of Undense System) which is under development by the Aerospace Research and Development Directorate (ARD) of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).


In this work, our goal is to develop a theoretical framework that can eventually be used for analyzing the effectiveness of visual stories such as feature films to comic books. To develop this theoretical framework, we introduce a new story element called moments. Our conjecture is that any linear story such as the story of a feature film can be decomposed into a set of moments that follow each other. Moments are defined as the perception of the actions, interactions, and expressions of all characters or a single character during a given time period. We categorize the moments into two major types: story moments and discourse moments. Each type of moment can further be classified into three types, which we call universal storytelling moments. We believe these universal moments foster or deteriorate the emotional attachment of the audience to a particular character or the story. We present a methodology to catalog the occurrences of these universal moments as they are found in the story. The cataloged moments can be represented using curves or color strips. Therefore, we can visualize a character's journey through the story as either a 3D curve or a color strip. We also demonstrated that both story and discourse moments can be transformed into one lump-sum attraction parameter. The attraction parameter in time provides a function that can be plotted graphically onto a timeline illustrating changes in the emotional attachment of audience to a character or the story. By inspecting these functions the story analyst can analytically decipher the moments in the story where the attachment is being established, maintained, strengthened, or conversely where it is languishing.


The paper presents evaluation model in the design process by an approach for establishing effective mapping and transformation process between product properties and domain requirements from different scientific fields. Evaluation model of product properties as such as requirements was showed in the general evaluation process in the conceptual phase. Mathematical terminology and mathematical tools were used for presentation of evaluation model. The suggested meta-level consists of general discrete mathematical models, called combinatorial representations. Specific mathematical basis for the evaluation model and combinatorial analysis for every variant solution are possible with graph theory. All variant solutions must be evaluated according to the range of meeting the set criterions as requirements. Using the unification and formalism of the conceptual model and evaluation model, we create an assumption for objective defining of weight matrix in order to avoid arbitrariness and selection of final variant solution.


330 Abstract— A digital high power switch mode (Class D) power amplifier with feedback control for electro acoustic projector is introduced in this paper. These amplifiers have extremely low switching losses, reduced RF interference and enhanced efficiency. It is extremely reliable, compact, light weight and has the provision for controlling its output power linearly. The full bridge amplifier topology is used in this design. Solid state high side low side drivers replace input driver transformers that make the amplifier truly compact. Advanced current protection safeguards not only the amplifier, but also the load. Amplifier can be tailored for any load impedance, and are capable of driving acoustic projectors without any secondary breakdown problems, and hence becomes an attractive product. Electro acoustic transducer is the load utilized for the proposed power amplifier. Transducer's impedance varies in accordance with the frequency of information signal (Since they are either capacitive or inductive in nature). The resulting load voltage variation affects the performance of the power amplifier system. Therefore, a voltage feedback system is employed in this paper, to reduce the variations of the output voltage with variations in impedance. Experimental results show that feedback circuit can reduce the output voltage variations with the variations in load impedance.


We report the development of non-polar light emitting diodes (LEDs) covering the emission spectra from 480 to 520 nm (dominant wavelength), i.e. from cyan to the green region. The devices are obtained via GaInN-based homoepitaxy on non-polar m -plane GaN bulk substrate. Owing to the absence of piezoelectric polarization, these LEDs exhibit stable emission color with a wavelength shift less than 3 nm when the drive current density is changed from 0.1–30 A/cm2. However, we observe a decreasing electroluminescence efficiency as the emission wavelengths increases from cyan to green. We tentatively attribute this to a higher density of defects in the longer wavelength structures. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In this paper we evaluate the ability of web scraped data to improve nowcasts of Polish food inflation. The nowcasting performance of online price indices is compared with aggregated and disaggregated benchmark models in a pseudo realtime experiment. We also explore product selection and classification problems, their importance in constructing web price indices and other limitations of online datasets. Therefore, we experiment not only with raw indices, but also with several approaches to include them into model-based forecasts. Our findings indicate that the optimal way to incorporate web scraped data into regular forecasting is to include them in simple distributed-lag models at the lowest aggregation level, combine the forecasts and aggregate them using statistical office methodology. We find this approach superior to other benchmark models which do not take online information into account.


A simple look at nominal or effective tariff rates is not sufficient to analyse the trade policy. One has to consider the overall effects of protection, and by definition this requires a general equilibrium approach. The present paper aims to fill this gap in the literature. It makes use of a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Italian economy in 1911 -the first year for which the available data are abundant and reliable enough for such an exercise.


In this paper, we study the economic benefits from using credit scoring models. We contribute to the literature by relating the discriminatory power of a credit scoring model to the optimal credit decision. Given the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of the credit scoring model, we derive a) the profit-maximizing cuttoff regime and b) the pricing curve. In addition, we study a stylized loan market model with banks that differ in the quality of their credit scoring model. We find that profitability varies substantially among lenders. More powerful credit scoring models lead to economically significant differences in credit portfolio performance.


A case of "trigger finger" due to flexor digitorum superficialis tendon "tag" following a hyperextension injury to the metacarpophalangeal joint is reported. The tag formed as a result of avulsion of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon slip from its insertion in the middle phalanx.


We have demonstrated a high degree of automation in the engineering of complex machine vision systems, by building ten printed-text page readers, each specialized to a European language, at the pace of one language per week. The page readers provide these functions: page layout analysis, polyfont symbol recognition, typographical morphology, lexicon-driven contextual analysis, and Unicode output encoding. The accuracy and speed of the resulting readers are usably high, and can be easily improved if required by comparatively routine enhancements of subsystems. This exercise illustrates the advantages of a research strategy that emphasizes versatility before, but not at the expense of, accuracy and speed.


In work results of research of process of formation of ionic-plasma multiphase coverings are discussed. It is shown, that types of structures arising thus are not so diverse, as, for example, at crystallisation of alloys. Basically the globular structure and, less often, not closed and cellular structures is observed. It is shown, that physical properties can essentially differ depending on element structure of coverings. Properties of coverings Cr–Mn–Si–Cu–Fe–Al +Ti, received in the environment of argon and nitrogen, after a laser irradiation change in the various image. It is connected with features of behaviour of nitrides of the titan and chrome at influence of laser radiation. Properties of coverings Fe–Al after a laser irradiation practically do not change. It is connected with features of structure of these coverings which represents not closed structure.


We have found recently that there are optimum values of laser irradiation time and spot size for laser Solid Phase Epitaxial (SPE) growth of GaAs. The amorphous GaAs layers with a thick-ness of 600 @/Ar35@/ used in the study were produced by P+ ion implantation. Both 1.7W Ar ion laser and 4W Kr ion laser irradiations were used. The optimum values for SPE of the time and spot diameter were 67ms and 1 μm for the Ar ion laser and 17ms and 10 μm for the Kr laser. The 1 μm spot diameter is the smallest ever reported. For the Kr ion laser irradiation under these conditions, the speed of the laser SPE growth was as high as 30 μm/sec and the tempera-ture was as low as 560°C. The quality of the laser SPE growth layers was evaluated by the peak heights of the LO phonon Raman lines.


This study was programmed to substantially examine how menu sale strategies affect the management performance using chain restaurants` menu analysis method. As chain restaurants have different locations and menus and need some time for the Main Office to eliminate the menus or take other measures based on the results of menu analysis, this study was performed to suggest a method that each store can use to minimize cost and maximize sales. In result, it was found that contribution margin and food cost percent can be used for focused sale to affect the sales performance. In result of a 4-month experiment, customer transaction and contribution margin were improved and food cost percent was decreased to save cost.


Chhabra Thermal Power Plant (CTPP) is one of Rajasthan's coal-fired power plants, India. It has installed capacity of 1000 MW of total four unit of each 250 MW. In this paper, we propose the best Hybrid Energy System (HES) for CTPP to reduced grid extension. Electricity need for an off-grid remote area supplies from a mixture of Biodiesel generator and nonconventional energy resources to satisfy in a reliable manner. Here we are using HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) software is used for whole analysis. The main power of the HES comes from the mixture of bio-diesel generator, Flat PV array and wind generators, while the battery is used as backup. As per simulation results, the proposed hybrid system is a feasible solution for distributed generation of electric power for the rural area at remote locations. The HES is feasible, economically viable and environment friendly.


This paper presents the modeling and design of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) using novel control technique in the inverter. The proposed control technique implements the 150 degree conduction mode of individual IGBTs in the inverter. The UPFC can be operated using PWM controllers to enhance the reactive power compensating and regulating the line voltage and also reduces the harmonic in the transmission line current and voltage. The 150 degree inverter is advantageous and increases the RMS values of output voltages, when compared to 120° mode, and 180° mode. Total required VA rating of the inverters is reduced greatly over wide load conditions. The operating performance of UPFC is demonstrated on Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system for different case studies. The proposed model considerably improves the system stability by improving the reactive power requirement of the load variations.


A pair of pramoxine-based compounds, K-94 and K-95, which are potential local anesthetic and anticholinergic agents, were synthesized using a previously synthesized Schiff base of 2-diethylamine chloride and potassium carbonate. Of the compounds synthesized, compound K-94 was new. Moreover, RM, a physicochemical parameter, has been calculated for both compounds in order to investigate the effect of these structural changes on the lipophilic and steric characteristics of these molecules. It also provides relevant data for the correlations with structure-activity relationship studies. Both of these compounds, phenylimino derivative, K-94, having an RM of 0.91 and phenethylimino derivative, K-95, having an RM of 0.87, showed similar values with procaine having RM value of 0.66.


To further improve the adsorption capacity of chitosan (CTS), a series of novel chitosan/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites (CTS/OMMT) were synthesized and the adsorption abilities for Congo red (CR) investigated in this study. The nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the results indicated that an exfoliated nanostructure was formed in CTS/OMMT nanocomposites. Compared with the adsorption capacity of OMMT (192.4 mg g−1), CTS/OMMT with an amount of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide equal to 0.75 CEC of MMT and molar ratio of CTS to OMMT of 1:10 exhibited the higher adsorption capacity (290.8 mg g−1). The adsorption behaviours of OMMT and CTS/OMMT showed that the adsorption kinetics and isotherms were in good agreement with a pseudo-second-order equation and the Langmuir equation, respectively. The IR spectra revealed that a chemical interaction occurred between CTS/OMMT and CR. The adsorption capacity of CTS/OMMT nanocomposite was higher than that of other absorbents; this study suggested that the CTS/OMMT nanocomposite could be used as an adsorbent to remove CR dye from aqueous solution. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry


A convenient way of satisfying deflection criteria for composite steel concrete beams is through the use of allowable span: depth ratios. In the methods presently available for determining allowable span: depth ratios, assumptions have been made regarding the value of some of the loading and material properties which affect the deflection of composite beams. A series of graphs are presented to show the effect on allowable span: depth ratios caused by changes to the value of the loading and material properties. The graphs show that for most cases the variations of loading and material properties are unlikely to produce large errors in span: depth ratios. A comparison with typical reinforced concrete beams indicates that, especially for reinforced concrete beams with no compression reinforcement, the changes to span: depth ratios for composite beams are less significant than those for reinforced concrete.


High density high switching frequency power converter conducted EMC had been analysed, modelling the noise source and noise path, while providing accurate conducted EMC noise limits comparable to accredited noise measurements up to 100 MHz. The military specified DC-DC converters are applicable, spanning from 100 W handheld power managers up to 2 kW DC-DC battery chargers. Circuit layout high frequency effects as well as high frequency impedances of the power components were characterised. The effect of a higher switching frequency was demonstrated. At first, a trapezoidal noise source and lumped element noise path model was adopted, showing high frequency limitations of this technique. Thereafter, a lumped element model including a switching component was created. A Transient model circuit analysis was investigated to represent circuit noise as measured with a LISN. Common mode and differential mode signals were extracted in both the simulated results and the bench measurements.


Companies use a larger debt, then the shareholders will get smaller and smaller profits. So, the rate of return on capital intimated by the owner himself would rise due to the increased risk of the company. The higher the ROA, the higher the profit that the company produced. ROE indicates the success or failure of the management in maximizing the level of corporate profits. The higher the ROE, the higher the income received by the owner of the company. The purpose of this study is to know the types of financing available in the company; Knowing how ROA Return on Assets and Return on Equity ROE is well on the company; Knowing how much influence the short-term financing on Return On Asset (ROA); Knowing how much influence the short-term financing on Return On Equity (ROE); Knowing how much influence the short-term financing on Return On Assets (ROA) and Return On Equity (ROE ). Results from this study is that short-term financing is measured by using the Accounts Payable Turnover (APTO) at PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk tends to increase and decrease in each year. But the change is an increase and decrease in value is likely to rise. APTO changes illustrate the performance of the company to pay its short-term debt in a period of one year is enough. Because the result of APTO is not too far with an average value generated. Return on Assets (ROA) produced by PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk has increased and changes were likely to increase. On Return On Equity (ROE), firm value fluctuated with changes that tend to go up anyway. The resulting of APTO of PT. Mayora Indah has increased every year, with changes in value are likely to rise. Performance of the company to pay its obligations, including any reasonably well with APTO produced is not much different from the average APTO produced by the company. Return on Assets (ROA) produced an increase and decrease in each year with changes that tend to fall. On Return On Equity (ROE) of the company tends to increase with the change in the value tends to rise. APTO PT. Mayora Indah be having a positive relationship with ROA and ROE. This can be proved by the results of the analysis the authors use statistical analysis of the ROA and ROE to APTO obtained correlation values (r) PT. Mayora Indah Tbk amounting to 0,154 or 15.4% for APTO analysis of the ROA. The values means indicate that there is a relationship between APTO has very low cohesion properties to increase ROA. And the value of correlation (r) PT. Mayora Indah Tbk amounting to 0.529 or 52.9% on an analysis of ROE to APTO. The values means indicate that there is a relationship between APTO have closeness with nature can be said to increase ROE companies are. Keywords : Short-term Financing, ROA, ROE


The invention discloses a method, a system and a device for realizing uplink feedback, which are applicable to a dynamic sub-frame system so as to prevent collision of ACK/NACK (Acknowledgement/Negative Acknowledgement) resources in a non-dynamic system and a dynamic system. The method comprises the following steps of: determining to bear ACK/NAK resource information corresponding to downlink data in a sub-frame n according to a sub-frame set to which a sub-frame of the downlink data belongs; and transmitting ACK/NAK information corresponding to the downlink data on the ACK/NAK resource in the sub-frame n, wherein the sub-frame set comprises a first sub-frame set and/or a second sub-frame set; the sub-frame set is determined by obtained uplink and downlink sub-frame configuration information and flexible sub-frame information; the uplink and downlink sub-frame configuration information is used for indicating the type of each sub-frame in a wireless frame as an uplink sub-frame, a downlink sub-frame or a specific sub-frame; the flexible sub-frame information is used for indicating the type of each sub-frame in a wireless frame as an uplink sub-frame, a downlink sub-frame, a specific sub-frame or a flexible sub-frame; and the flexible sub-frame can be used for transmitting uplink or downlink data.


It is known that the IELTS test has not been a good predictor of English capability in academic settings. More information is required. Are students not motivated to keep improving their English; what obstacles do they face? The English language issues facing international students from China at one University are explored through a survey and focus groups. It is observed that a lack of motivation is not the key factor. Rather one core problem is the very difficult demands of acculturation within a short time frame which would enable confidence for the students to continue to engage with other English speaking students. When faced with such immediate and hard to achieve acculturation, many retreat to their language groups. In the academic context, support for the transition to discipline based academic genres is double difficult as the time frame for second language learners is longer, but performance requirements are more immediate. Many first language students also have difficulties in this area, but have the easier language path to mastery. The study draws usefully on a comparison made with students studying English in China.


A total of 144 college undergraduates were randomly assigned to groups offour and received either a self-disclosure or a placebo treatment. All groups completed a simple puzzle task as a measure of productivcty and questionnaires assessing cohesiveness and commitment to task. Results indicate that the self-disclosure intervention resulted in significantly higher group cohesiveness, commitment to task, and productivity. Additionally, it was shown that females demonstratedgreater cohesiveness and commitment to task than did males. Possible benefits and implications of incorporating task-focused self-disclosure into participatory decision-making procedures among management and workers are presented.


SummaryThe effects of temperature on flowering, fruit set and fruit development of October sown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), cv. Delphin, were investigated in a glasshouse experiment. Twelve day/night temperature regimes (16/15, 16/21, 20/12, 20/15, 20/18, 20/21, 24/12, 24/15, 24/18, 24/21, 28/15 and 28/21°C) were applied during the early post- planting period (early December to mid April). Patterns of flowering and fruit set were comparable at similar 24-h mean tempratures. Total number of flowers per plant and percentage fruit set were significantly related to 24-h mean temperature as well as to the day/night temperature amplitude. Mean fruit weight (g per fruit) was related to 24-h mean temperature as well as to the day/night amplitude. For these variables the effect of the day/night amplitude was of minor importance compared with the 24-h mean temperature. No effect of the day/night amplitude was found on the number of fruits (fruits per plant), leaf area/fruit ratio (cm2 fruit−1), fruit length ...


In this paper, we introduce ID-Conditioned Auto-Encoder for unsupervised anomaly detection. Our method is an adaptation of the Class-Conditioned Auto-Encoder (C2AE) designed for the open-set recognition. Assuming that non-anomalous samples constitute of distinct IDs, we apply Conditioned Auto-Encoder with labels provided by these IDs. Opposed to C2AE, our approach omits the classification subtask and reduces the learning process to the single run. We simplify the learning process further by fixing a constant vector as the target for non-matching labels. We apply our method in the context of sounds for machine condition monitoring. We evaluate our method on the ToyADMOS and MIMII datasets from the DCASE 2020 Challenge Task 2. We conduct an ablation study to indicate which steps of our method influences results the most.


Acoustic imaging techniques for studying the structure and properties of rock between wells are being explored at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A major objective of this work is to develop, validate, and apply tomographic methodology for the two-dimensional image reconstruction of the acoustic velocity structure between wells.


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of homocysteine in patients with vascular dementia. Methods 60 patients with cerebral vascular dementia were selected from August , 2009 to August, 2012 , dementia group including mild dementia patients with a total of 19 cases, 32 cases of patients with moderate dementia, 9 cases of patients with severe dementia.40 cases with physical health were selected during the same period as control grouip, homocysteine levels was detected in two groups. Results The dementia group homocysteine levels were higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05) ;the homocysteine level in patients with severe dementia was higher than that in in patients with moderate dementia, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05);the homocysteine level in patients with moderate dementia was higher than that in in patients with mild dementia, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion Hyperhomocystinemia may be risk factor for vascular dementia,and the level of plasma homocysteine is more higher,and the degree of dementia is more higher.


In order to obtain a rapid estimate of the quality of a lens by observing its behaviour in the interferometer, it is necessary for the observer to be familiar with the characteristic patterns of the various primary aberrations under various conditions of adjustment. A method is described by which these patterns can be easily calculated for any required case; and series of typical patterns are shown together with actual interferograms for comparison.


Never in the history of the drama was "a willing suspension of disbelief " more essential to sustaining dramatic illusion, nor more operative in representing the magical and marvelous: not just the mixture of comedy and tragedy, but of pantomime and song in melodrama, of domestic realism and supernaturalism in Gothic romance. Audiences of the period delighted in plays that were richly embellished in song, that combined the thrills of adventure romance and the terrors of Gothic villainy, with a full indulgence of sentimental and the moral righting of wrongs necessary to a "happy ending." The combinatory experimentation with dramatic form compromises any attempt at strict categorization. The anti-Gothic becomes a feature of the Gothic. The spectrum from fantasy to documentary is not linear, but rather a snake biting its tail. This chapter will challenge the presumed opposition between fantasy and realism by attending to the efforts to make the fantastic appear "real" on the stage. It will proceed to argue that documentary drama is equally committed to the theatrics of illusionism. The optical metaphor of the periscope, introduced in Chapter 1, was intended to conjure the experience of joining an audience in the theatre and seeing a performance from that unique vantage of time and place. As an optical metaphor for what the audience saw unfolding on the stage, I propose "Pepper's Ghost." This simple but effective illusion was developed by Henry Dircks and introduced by John Henry Pepper at the Royal Polytechnic (1862).


Federated learning (FL) aims at optimizing a shared global model over multiple edge devices without transmitting (private) data to the central server. While it is theoretically well-known that FL yields an optimal model -- centrally trained model assuming availability of all the edge device data at the central server -- under mild condition, in practice, it often requires massive amount of iterations until convergence, especially under presence of statistical/computational heterogeneity. This paper utilizes cyclic learning rate at the server side to reduce the number of training iterations with increased performance without any additional computational costs for both the server and the edge devices. Numerical results validate that, simply plugging-in the proposed cyclic aggregation to the existing FL algorithms effectively reduces the number of training iterations with improved performance.


Fluctuations in the levels of Lake Qarun, Fayum, Egypt have long been recognized and are associated with Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic occupations dating to the early to mid-Holocene, some of which contain early evidence for the presence of southwest Asian domestic plants and animals. Here evidence for the extent and timing of these lake level changes is reassessed based on the analysis of a satellite derived digital surface model of the north shore of Lake Qarun. A more accurate topography for the region casts doubts on previously published lake level changes. The topography of a series of lake edge basins is assessed and used to make inferences about the nature of the early to mid-Holocene palaeoenvironment. This assessment in turn allows discussion of the significance of environmental change for shifts in the mid-Holocene palaeoeconomy documented in the Fayum.


Reviews the Barnsley Partnership, a joint venture involving Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council and a subsidiary of Costain, and their ten‐year agreement to develop land local to Barnsley, attract investment and create approximately 10,000 jobs. Emphasizes the need for education and training to ensure that these jobs are filled by local people. Equally this will demand that the current nationally centralized training focus be adapted to local requirements in an attempt to widen skills and prevent a recurrence of the total dependence on a single living, previously enforced by the mining industry. Focuses on Costain′s approach to community involvement, mainly in education, the environment and urban regeneration. Sees the main objectives of the Partnership as winning the confidence and commitment of the community and changing the outside perception of Barnsley and its surroundings, identifying training as the chief requirement for this regeneration. Places emphasis on apprenticeship training vis‐a‐vis the ...


It is a curious fact that rather little work has been done on municipalities in the late Ottoman Empire. One might think, perhaps the state is trying to promote some sort of local government at the same time, to give locals meaningful investment in the governance of their own locality. The Law of Vilayets of 1864 set out a kind of organigram for the provinces: in 1877 the Ottoman government issued the Provincial Municipalities Law. The Galata municipality had the greatest difficulty collecting taxes, and in fact went bankrupt in 1863. In spite of this it was bailed out and reorganised by the Porte, evidence of its determination that the institution should succeed. In same way, the Commissione di Ornato, which was founded as a board of public works, was a European-inspired attempt to bring some order to the anarchy of local construction in Alexandria. Keywords: Bilad al-Sham; Commissione di Ornato; Law of Vilayets; municipalities; Ottoman empire


Using PCR-sequencing technology to determine the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit(CO I) gene's sequences with a length of 900 bp in misgurnus anguillicaudatus and paramisgurnus dabryanus from Nansi lake,the results show that the average level of bases for A and T is 55.5%,C and G is 44.5%,respectively.The average genetic distances among CO I sequences from individual samples are 0.001 for paramisgurnus dabryanus and 0.012 for misgurnus anguillicaudatus,both are less than 0.02.Additionally,the average genetic distances of misgurnus anguillicaudatus and paramisgurnus dabryanus with other fish species are more than 0.02.The tree shows that the samples from misgurnus anguillicaudatus and paramisgurnus dabryanus are clustered different groups based on their genetic distances separately,which is consistent with the result of morphological classification.So,the CO I gene sequences of misgurnus anguillicaudatus and paramisgurnus dabryanus can be used to DNA barcodes.


A new report, "Container Top Safety," has been issued by the International Cargo Handling Co-Ordination Association (ICHCA). The author of this article was also the author of that report, and he here outlines its main conclusions. The topics covered include: accident frequency, legal moves, means of access to container tops, the work performed on container tops, and the problem of attitude on the part of those involved.


The transverse momentum transfer (bounce-off effect) observed in fast nuclear collisions is studied in a simple model. The calculated momentum transfer is in agreement with experimental data. The bounce-off process is shown to be sensitive to the nuclear equation of state, p(p,T), in the high-density, high-temperature region. We suggest using this for a systematic experimental investigation of compression phenomena in fast nuclear collisions. Such measurements could provide evidence for abnormal dense nuclear matter and quark matter.


This study examined the relationship among personal network characteristics, gratification-utilities and the frequency of use of three interactive communication technologies (landline telephone, email and instant messaging). A conceptual framework is presented, providing a rationale for three hypotheses predicting positive relationships between personal network characteristics (size, intimacy and physical proximity), gratification-utilities and frequency of use.The participants were 286 college students, whom research shows are primary users of interactive media. Hypotheses 1 and 2, proposing a link between network characteristics and gratification-utilities with frequency of use, were supported, while Hypothesis 3, predicting a link between the prior two variables, was only partially supported. Frequency of use was associated more strongly with network characteristics than with gratification-utilities across the three technologies. Of the network characteristics, network size was significantly associated with gratification-utilities. Directions for future research are discussed.


294 Background: Lenalidomide (Len) is an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) approved for hematologic conditions and demonstrates immune modulation, anti-angiogenic activity and direct anti-tumor cytotoxicity. A rationale can be made to evaluate the preclinical activity of Len in UC.

METHODS
The in vitro anti-tumor activity of Len was evaluated in 4 human (5637, TCC-SUP, RT4, RT112) and 1 murine (MB49) cell line. Anti-proliferative activity activity (MTT assay), apoptosis (Annexin-FITC immunohistochemistry [IHC], flow cytometry) and cell viability by colony forming assay were measured. In vivo activity of daily oral Len 10 mg/kg or placebo orally for 5 days a week for up to 4 weeks was examined in syngeneic immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice bearing subcutaneous (SC) MB49-Luc25 tumors and RT4 subcutaneous xenografts. Tumors underwent immunohistochemistry (IHC) for microvessel density (CD31), apoptosis (cleaved caspase [cc]-3) and CD3+/CD20+ lymphocyte infiltration. Cereblon, a molecular target of Len was analyzed by IHC.

RESULTS
In vitro cultures for 3 days with daily repletion of Len showed significant pro-apoptotic activity (flow cytometry) at low micromolar concentrations attainable in human subjects (2.2 µM) against RT4 cells, a superficially invasive human UC cell line. Long-term cultures of RT4 cells for 2 weeks with daily repletion of Len significantly reduced cell viability and colony forming ability. Cereblon expression was numerically lower in sensitive RT4 cells compared to resistant 5637 cells (p=NS). In the immunocompetent model in vivo, Len did not decrease tumor size, or increase cc-3 and CD3+/CD20+ lymphocytes, but post-Len tumors exhibited decreased CD31 (p<0.05). In RT4 xenografts, Len significantly decreased the size of tumors and CD31, and increased cc-3 (all p<0.05). Cereblon expression increased in Len treated RT4 xenografts (p=0.024).

CONCLUSIONS
Lenalidomide demonstrated selective preclinical activity against superficially invasive low grade human UC cells attributable to direct tumor cell apoptosis and anti-angiogenic activity. Clinical evaluation in patients with low grade or non-invasive UC and further study of cereblon as a predictive biomarker may be warranted.


Variation source identification for manufacturing processes is critical for product dimensional quality improvement, and various techniques have been developed in recent years. Most existing variation source identification techniques are based on a linear fault-quality model, in which the relationships between process faults and product dimensional quality measurements are linear. In practice, many dimensional measurements are actually nonlinearly related to the process faults: For example, relational dimension measurements such as the relative distance between features are used to monitor composite tolerances. This paper presents a variation source identification methodology in the presence of these relational dimension measurements. In the proposed methodology, the joint probability density of the measurements is determined as a function of the process parameters; then, series of statistical comparisons are performed to differentiate and identify the variation source. A case study is also presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the methodology.


Due to the increasing need of the Embedded systems for additional data storage it has been developed a memory flash access system, it was developed in a digital built-in system, implemented on FPGA platform. The system consists in a storage unit communication interface and a soft processor embedded in FGPA, that is in charge of dynamically manage and organize the storage unit data. It is considered, therefore, a system with a mixed configuration of hardware and software. Is an innovator solution that brings advantages to the actual systems, that are purely in hardware or software.


The synthesis of conformal antenna arrays is complicated by the impossibility factorizing the analytical expression for the power pattern into an element factor and an array factor. This article describes a general method of pattern synthesis that, given a well-defined single-element power pattern, is applicable to arrays of arbitrary geometry. Essentially, the method uses simulated annealing to optimize the excitation distribution so as to minimize the difference between the power pattern it generates and the desired power pattern.


Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGS) is a genetically heterogeneous primordial dwarfism syndrome. 7-year-old girl with proportional short stature, microcephaly, micrognathia, small ears and absent patellae had normal karyotype with 8% of spontaneous chromosomal breakage. Homozygous mutation p.Phe89Ser(c.266T>A) in ORC1 gene was found by whole genome sequencing. She is regularly followed up for possible neoplasm development. To out knowledge, this is the first report of the association between MGS and DNA breakage.


THE INNU LANGUAGE PROJECT (ILP) in the Department of Linguistics has been very productive over the past few years: The Innu dictionary is finally out; a large number of books have been produced for use in Innu schools and homes; specialized workplace vocabularies have been developed in the fields of law, education, environment, with a medical glossary currently in final revision; older Innu language books have been reprinted; and websites and mobile apps have been developed in order to make use of the newest technology to make Innu language tools and resources more easily accessible than ever.


Future cache memories must deal with soft errors to ensure data reliability. This paper investigates the addition of a small cache – replica victim cache, to accommodate the replicas that are frequently evicted from the L1 data cache due to in-cache replication (ICR) for further enhancing the data reliability against soft errors. Our experimental results reveal that a replica victim cache with only four entries can increase the reliability of the L1 data cache by 21.7% more than ICR without impacting performance significantly. Also, the area overhead is less than 10% for most L1 data cache configurations. We believe the proposed scheme provides an interesting cache design option, especially for the applications that are operated in highly noisy environments or demand very high data integrity.


What do we want a constitution to do? Do we want it definitively to settle deep political disagreements about our fundamental commitments as a nation or do we want it to set out a process out of which a settlement can evolve over time? The Constitutional Review terms of reference reflect 3 constitutional traditions which are often viewed as rival and conflicting : monism (governments hold plenary power between elections and any external controls on such power are antidemocratic); constitutional foundationalism (we already have a formal constitution in the Treaty of Waitangi which continues to speak to the form of our political institutions and to our law); and constitutional patriotism or cosmopolitanism (which appeals to universal rights and freedoms independent of history, time and place). The current unwritten constitution accommodates all three important traditions in a mutually limiting way. If we should decide to formalise further our constitutional arrangements we should learn from our experience of our unwritten constitution: our aim should not be to decide between these traditions in the abstract, or to resolve these issues one at a time, or to replace entirely our existing ordinary processes of constitutional change for a single high stakes constitutional settlement.


A study of 417 undergraduate students examined a hypothesized correlation between use of alarm clocks to awaken and self-regulatory skills. As predicted, use of awakening aids (alarm clocks, household members) was negatively correlated with self-regulation measures, while self-awakening was positively correlated with self-regulation. Also as predicted, alarm clock use had larger negative correlations with self-regulation than did being awakened by a household member. The findings suggest that people with poorer self-regulation skills are more likely to rely on technological aids to perform daily tasks.


Fruit thinning in apple crop plays a critical role to achieve marketable king size fruits with better fruit quality apples. Th e thinning experiments were conducted using naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at diff erent concentrations (0, 10, 15 and 20 μl·l-1) applied at three timings [full bloom (FBT), fruit (FT) and the combination of both (FBT + FT)] in order to evaluate the optimum level of thinner with best application timing on fruit quality attributes of cv. 'Granny Smith' fruits. Statistically signifi cant diff erences were found regarding the eff ect of timing, concentration and combination of both, timing and concentrations, on fi rmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA), while there were no signifi cant diff erences with addition of timing for SSC/TA ratio, fruit mass and starch degradation level. Th e highest fruit mass (195.09 g) and TA (0.67%) was achieved using NAA at 20 μl·l-1 in FT time while NAA at 15 μl·l-1 resulted in highest fruit fi rmness (7.25 kg cm-2), SSC (13.04° Brix) in FBT time. SSC/TA ratio was the highest (25.31) at FT time with the same NAA dosage. However, the highest starch degradation was achieved at FBT + FT time with 15 μl·l-1. It can be concluded that application of 10 μl·l-1 NAA at FBT + FT time is recommended to achieve best results since it favourably aff ected the most quality parameters.


This report examines the applicability of the most commonly preferred renewable electricity policy mechanisms in Europe and North America to Southeast Asian electricity markets. It explores what the governments of Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam can best to do promote wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, and hydroelectric sources of electricity supply.


The Betic-Rif orogen forms the westernmost part of the Alpine orogenic system and results from the closure of the Tethys Ocean between Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. Subduction and crustal thickening leading to the formation of high-pressure and low-temperature (HP/LT) rocks were followed by a late-orogenic extensional stage in an overall still convergent setting. Indeed, plate-kinematic reconstructions reveal a continuous convergence from Late Cretaceous times to the present day and characterized by slow convergence rates. If this large-scale scenario is now broadly admitted, some first order questions remain opened. Among these questions, the timing and kinematics of the emplacement of the Ronda or Beni Bousera peridotite massifs remain particularly unclear. Due to the numerous published early Miocene ages, the emplacement of these massifs is classically considered as a very fast event that occurred just after a large-scale high-temperature metamorphic known in a large part of the Betics and part of the Rif. In most scenarios, the peridotite bodies are emplaced by overthrusting onto the continental crust within a compressional context but other models emphasize extensional context in the Alboran back-arc rift.


The project aimed to evaluate the effect of phytic acid and inorganic dietary iron for finishing pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum profile. Forty barrows of commercial genetic, with an initial weight of 64.34 ± 6.64 kg and 108 days of average age were used. The animals were weighed and placed in individual pens, with a compact floor, and 3 m of area, where they received water and feed ad libitum during 30-day. Were evaluated the daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, 2 x 2 factorial design, where the factors were the diets with and without supplemental inorganic iron and the levels of phytic acid (FA) in the diet, high (4,85%) and low (2,98%). The defatted corn germ meal represented a source to increase the concentration of phytic acid in the diet. Upon to reach 100.76 ± 6.54 kg of average weight, the animals were slaughtered in a commercial abattoir and submitted to evaluation of carcass traits. In the slaughter, during the bleeding, the blood was collected to evaluate the serum profile: erytrogram determination and the rates iron. There were no differences (P> 0,05) between the factors for the performance, serum profile, and carcass traits. Supplementation of inorganic iron (25mg/kg of premix) and/or its withdrawal and superior level of phytic acid, considering the level obtained with rations formulated mainly by corn and soybean ingredients, can be used without to affect the performance, serum profile and carcass characteristics.


User interaction constitutes a largely unexplored field in protocol analysis, even in instances where the user takes an active role as a trusted third party, such as in the Internet of Things (IoT) device initialization protocols. Initializing the study of computational analysis of 3-party authentication protocols where one party is a physical user, this research introduces the 3-party possession user mediated authentication (3-PUMA) model. The 3-PUMA model addresses active user participation in a protocol which is designed to authenticate possession of a fixed data string – such as in IoT device commissioning. To demonstrate the 3-PUMA model in practice, we provide a computational analysis of the ISO/IEC 9798-6:2010 standard's Mechanism 7a authentication protocol which includes a user interface and interaction as well as a device-to-device channel. We show that the security of ISO/IEC 9798-6:2010 Mechanism 7a relies upon a non-standard MAC security notion, which we term existential unforgeability under key collision attacks (EUF-KCA). It is unknown if any standardized MAC algorithm achieves EUF-KCA security, indicating a potential vulnerability in the standard.


A 56-year-old woman sustained a displaced intraarticular distal radial fracture due to a fall from standing height (Figure 1). She complained of pins and needles in the radial three digits of her hand shortly after the injury. She denied similar symptoms before this injury. She had altered sensation in the median nerve distribution. Acute carpal tunnel syndrome was diagnosed. After open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture with a volar locking plate, carpal tunnel decompression was performed where a persistent median artery was identified Letters to the Editor Short Report Letters 436296 JHS0010.1177/1753193411436296Ng and WattsJournal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2012


Freedom of choice of law, formerly a domain mainly of international contract law, has in recent years conquered new legal ground, especially in the areas of family and succession law, due to the activities of the European legislator. The incorporation theory of international company law, as initiated through the case law of the European Court of Justice, can also be interpreted as de facto or indirect freedom of choice of law due to the ease with which manipulation of the connecting factor may be achieved. Temporal and substantive restrictions prescribed by national private international law upon a choice in the areas of tort law, family and succession law have been drastically reduced in scope by the European legislator. "In dubio pro libertate" seems to be the guiding principle of European PIL. So far, there is one legal area which has remained unaffected by this development as well as by European private international law legislation and case law as


been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/bcp.13055 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Too many, too few, or too unsafe? Impact of inappropriate prescribing on mortality, and hospitalisation in a cohort of community-dwelling oldest old Maarten Wauters 1 , Monique Elseviers 1 , Bert Vaes 2,3 , Jan Degryse 2,3 , Olivia Dalleur 4,5 , Robert Vander Stichele 1 , Thierry Christiaens 1 , Majda Azermai 1 .


Organic Chemistry
If you had a molecular scalpel, you could slice a carbon nanotube twice against the long axis to excise a loop of fused phenyl rings. Of course, knives don't come that small. Instead, Povie et al. succeeded in stitching together such a nanometer-scale belt in bottom-up fashion from molecular components, using consecutive Wittig reactions (see the Perspective by Siegel). The belt of 12 edge-sharing rings could ultimately be a first step toward more precisely controlled bottom-up syntheses of extended nanotubes.

Science , this issue p. [172][1]; see also p. [135][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aam8158
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aan0441


Several new Aurivillius phases with the general formula Bi2.5+xLi0.5−3xNb2O9 (0.04 x 0.08) were synthesized. The crystal structure of the compound with x = 0.04 was studied by X-ray powder diffraction at room temperature, and by neutron powder diffraction in temperature intervals from 10 to 290 K. A single-phase compound was obtained. The crystal structure can be described by a space group, Cmc21, with


The paper mainly gives some suggestions on how to reply to reform of CET4 and CET6 in teaching.They concern three aspects: teaching contents,teaching method,evaluation and management.The suggested teaching plan is expected to contribute to promoting the quality of English teaching under the new circumstances.


Progress achieved during the last decade in the field of ceramic fibers and related ceramic matrix composites is reviewed. Both SiC-based and alumina-based fine fibers have been improved in terms of thermal stability and creep resistance with temperature limit of about 1400 and 1200°C, respectively. Two concepts for achieving damage-tolerant ceramic matrix composites have been identified : (i) that of non-oxide composites with a dense matrix in which matrix cracks formed under load are deflected and arrested in a weak fiber coating referred to as the interphase and (ii) that of all-oxide composites with a highly porous matrix with no need of any fiber coating. The lifetime under load of non-oxide composites in oxidizing atmospheres, is improved through the use of multilayered self-healing interphases and matrices deposited from gaseous precursors by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). Lifetime ranging from 1000 to 10,000 hours at 1200°C under cyclic loading in air are foreseen. Alumina-based composites although attractive for long term exposures in oxidizing atmospheres up to 1200°C. are still experimental materials.