ABSTRACT Classification-based methods for estimating water quality parameter (WQP) using remote sensing have shown great application potential in inland waters. Water classification algorithms have seen progress in water remote sensing. In this paper, we conducted the Secchi Depth value (Z SD) estimation based on a global water typology for the Wuhan area. Firstly, we classified the water into seven types using the Sentinel-2 data. The procedure was based on spectral angle mapping (SAM) of the 13 inland water optical types (IWOTs). Afterwards, seven IWOTs were summarized into four categories for Wuhan area. We then developed empirical models for each water category by stepwise multiple linear regression, generalized regression neural network (GRNN), and sparse spectrum Gaussian process regression (SSGPR), and applied the better approaches (GRNN and SSGPR) to three full satellite images (27 October 2018, 10 May 2019, and 29 July 2019). Finally, the retrieved results were validated using in situ-satellite match-ups and compared with the results based on unclassified imagery. With root-mean-square error (RMSE) of three satellite-derived results reduced from 0.32 m (without classification) to 0.16 m (with classification), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) reduced from 52% to 18%, from 0.51 m (MAPE = 57%) to 0.19 m (MAPE = 21%), and from 0.18 m (MAPE = 35%) to 0.09 m (MAPE = 17%), Z SD estimations over optically complex waters were improved based on this water classification. Due to its low cost and ease of operation, the SAM – derived classification applied in this paper provides a possibility for dynamic and high-precision monitoring for water management.


To date, several high-performing anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been demonstrated, but most these studies have focused on Pt containing cathodes with high loadings. Here, we explore and compare the performance and perform electrochemical diagnostics on three leading AEMFC cathode electrocatalysts: Pt/C, Ag/C, and Fe-N-C with electrodes that have been processed with either powder or dispersion-based ionomers using perfluorinated anion exchange polymers. Pt/C had the highest performance but also showed a strong dependence on ionomer type, with powder ionomer exhibiting much higher performance. These results were consistent with the observations for Ag/C but did not hold for the Fe-N-C catalyst where almost no change was observed between powder and dispersion-based ionomers. This is the first-time the impact of powder and dispersion ionomer with different classes of cathode electrocatalysts on the fuel cell performance have been compared, and the results have strong implications for the ability to achieve high performance at low loadings and for better understanding catalyst-ionomer interactions within AEMFCs.


The paper briefly introduces the development two fluorescent PCR kits for rapid detection of Salmonella with Virulence Plasmid,fluorescent PCR kits with SYBR(?)GreenⅠand fluorescent PCR kits with TaqMan probe.Equipped with self-designed specific primers and a TaqMan probe,both are capable of specifically detecting Salmonella with Virulence Plasmid among various Salmonella efficiently and accurately. However,Salmonella without Virulence Plasmid and non-Salmonella will not be detected.The kits can be widely applied in food test and medical diagnostics for detection of Salmonella with Virulence Plasmid.


Dear Editor We wish to report a case of synovial sarcoma metastasizing to multinodular goitre. The thyroid gland is an uncommon soil for metastasis, most being discovered only at autopsy. It is relatively rare for metastasis to thyroid to be clinically apparent during life. Carcinomas of lung, kidney, breast, melanoma and lymphoma are the common non-thyroidal sources of these secondaries. Sarcoma seeding the thyroid is extremely rare with only occasional case reports in the literature. Mrs T., a 41-year-old woman, presented with nodular thyroid enlargement of 6 years duration. Thirteen years previously, she had had a synovial sarcoma resected from the left elbow. Two years ago, she was successfully treated by wedge resection of a solitary nodule of the left upper lobe of lung, which histologically proved to be metastatic synovial sarcoma. The thyroid scan revealed multiple hypoechoic areas in both the lobes with areas of haemorrhage. Multiple site fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid gland with 23 G needle revealed spindle shaped tumour cells in sheets and dispersed singly (Figure 1). The cytoplasm was scanty and the nuclei were oval and hyperchromatic (Figure 2). Associated with these cells were follicular epithelial cells with colloid and haemosiderin-laden macrophages. A cytological diagnosis of sarcomatous seeding of multinodular goitre was made. On excision, the gross specimen had multiple fleshy nodules in both lobes. Histopathology confirmed synovial sarcoma metastatic to multinodular goitre. Blood-borne metastasis is found in the thyroid gland at autopsy in 8–20% of the patients dying of malignant tumours. Review of the world literature has revealed that metastatic sarcoma to thyroid is extremely rare. Sarcoma involving the thyroid is more frequently metastatic than primary. Cases of metastatic sarcoma reported in the literature which have been diagnosed by FNAC include malignant fibrous histiocytoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma. In addition, malignant phyllodes tumour, metastatic osteosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma and malignant schwannoma have also been document-


The present invention relates to a transmission controlling an internal combustion engine, having a hydraulic valve play compensating element, the transmission control device, the element is guided longitudinally displaceably in the receiving chamber and the internal combustion engine comprises a piston, the piston element through which the ventilation of the internal combustion engine a valve connected to a force fit, wherein a check valve is arranged in the housing as the control valve, the check valve includes a ball valve closing body, the valve ball against the valve seat can be configured on the piston and the ball in the cage in accordance with the present invention, the valve ball is made of ceramic material, wherein the valve seat is 0.1 times the radius of the sphere diameter of the valve ball or greater, and the diameter of the valve seat is in contact with the ball diameter of the valve ball 0.6 times.


OBJECTIVES: To find out the difference in motor fitness components, i.e speed and strength between urban and rural hockey players. BRIEF: The purpose of this study was to compare these fitness components between Rural and Urban School Hockey Boys. Subjects (N=100) hailed 50 (fifty) boys each from Rural and Urban areas high and senior secondary schools. The data is collected under Speed and Strength Test Battery which consists of four sub-tests Standing Broad Jump, Standing Shot Put, Sit Ups, 40 Mtrs Sprint. The value of mean and standard deviation of all the tests were computed by applying T-test at 0.05 level of significance. The Hockey players of Rural and Urban Schools are almost same in speed and strength. In speed significant difference was observed whereas in strength non-significant difference was observed between rural and urban school hockey boys. CONTRIBUTION TO THE SOCIETY: This study will be helpful to the coaches and trainers for designing of Conditioning Programme to improve Motor Fitness of Hockey Players. RECOMMENDATIONS: Coaches and trainer should conduct periodical tests of speed, strength, endurance and agility of the players to evaluate the effectiveness of their conditioning program.


Jose Almirall started his career 31 years ago in the forensic science laboratory of the Miami-Dade Police Department. Now a professor at Florida International University, he develops analytical tools for forensic investigators, including matching broken glass shards to their source using trace-element analysis and detecting crime-related volatiles, such as those found in drugs or gunshot residue. Almirall is a leader in standardizing and improving the methods used in many types of forensic science. He recently chaired an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) working group on the current quality of fire scene investigations and fire debris analysis. He talked with Louisa Dalton about the complex chemistry of fire and about what forensic tools and standards are needed to safeguard justice in courts. The AAAS working group you chaired set out to identify critical issues in the field of fire investigations. What are some unique challenges of fire investigations?


Weak convergence on the space of integrably bounded set-valued functions is defined. Generalizations of results of weak convergence of real-valued integrable functions are obtained in the set-valued case. The results are applied to the characterization of the continuous dependence of the attainable set of a linear control system on the restraint set. We show that the weak convergence of the restraint set is a sufficient condition for the uniform convergence of the attainable set, and under the additional condition of uniform integrability the weak convergence is also a necessary condition.


Successfully educating homeowners and communities about wildland fire ecology and management, reducing hazardous fuels, and restoring fire-adapted forest ecosystems will place enormous demands on the budgets, resources, and staff of federal agencies for several decades to come. This work can be aided by collaboration with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that are capable of mobilizing grants, donations, local practitioner expertise and indigenous knowledge, as well as volunteer labor from the private sector and local communities. NGOs can also utilize federal funding and resources to work on private residential properties, where federal agencies face many cultural and institutional challenges. This paper features some innovative programs in community-based fire education and fuels reduction currently being conducted by NGOs and argues for the vital role of NGOs in collaborative fire management planning and management as a means of furthering the longterm goals of the National Fire Plan and Federal Wildland Fire Policy.


This study aims to analyze consumer preferences for organic food in Surabaya and recommend the strategic implications of using the Business Model Canvas to open organic food outlets. The research design was carried out with a quantitative descriptive method approach. The sampling method was carried out by judgmental sampling technique, with the criteria of the respondents were 100 consumers of organic products. In this study, the types of data collected were: primary data in the form of a questionnaire distributed to people who shop at organic food restaurants in Surabaya; secondary data, as the data or information obtained through literature studies, theories, and literature related to organic food, and the variables used are perceptions of lifestyle, perceptions of health, perceptions of environmental impacts and perceptions of the Greens community as independent variables. , and interest in buying organic products in Surabaya as the dependent variable.This research provides strategic implications of managerial strategies in the activity of organic food outlets to increase sales using a marketing strategy consisting of production, price, promotion, distribution and this strategy is useful for linking consumers in terms of quantity, quality, and balance that can provide better profitsKeyword : Organic product; Healthy Food; Greens Community; Business Model Canvas


* There is evidence that taxes capitalize into housing prices, but great uncertainty about the magnitude of income tax capitalization. This paper suggests an explanation for the broad range of empirical results: the fact that income tax capitalization depends on income. Results from the analysis of a large Swiss dataset show that capitalization varies with respect to the quality group of the apartment, each of which is demanded by a specific income class. Full capitalization is observed only for tax differentials between relatively nearby regions, and this occurs only for lowand middle-quality apartments (lowand middle-income groups). Indepth analysis of supply-side adjustments in the housing market confirms the existence of taxed-induced segregation tendencies. JEL Code: H22, H73, R21, R38.


The invention provides a 2-2 type piezoelectric composite material and a preparation method thereof. According to the 2-2 type piezoelectric composite material and the preparation method thereof, a centrifugal machine is adopted so that a polymer is poured on one side of a piezoelectric ceramic piece/monocrystal ferroelectric piece evenly, and the thickness of the polymer can be controlled by means of the centrifugal machine; then redundant polymer and piezoelectric ceramic/monocrystal ferroelectric on piezoelectric composite material array elements are removed through grinding, so that the piezoelectric ceramic piece/monocrystal ferroelectric piece and the polymer reach respective preset thickness; and the plurality of piezoelectric composite material array elements are stacked and adhered, and then the thickness of the polymer at the joint surfaces is controlled, thereby forming the piezoelectric composite material. In the process, the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic piece/monocrystal ferroelectric piece and the polymer is strictly controlled, thereby ensuring that the minimal total width of the piezoelectric ceramic piece/monocrystal ferroelectric piece and the polymer is 50 mu m sufficiently, satisfying high-frequency requirement of a 2-2 type high-frequency piezoelectric composite energy converter, having small machining allowance, and improving material utilization rate.


A gain adjustable fast tracking(GAFT) algorithm is proposed to improve the tracking precision and reaction speed in tracking systems.The algorithm can quickly locate the position of the goal,and realize the precise tracking under the weaker signal.The GAFT determines the linear change interval of the goal in the sensor from the relation among the flare imaging size of the goal in four-quadrant detector,location and output signal,Then,the relation between mobile goal and output signal change within the linear change interval can be established.The sum of the four-quadrant detector output signals is real-time counted,and is regarded as a target flare signal strength.The change rate of the flare signal strength is then calculated.Then,the adaptive learning method is used to get the change tendency of the signal,and to realize the dynamic adjustment of signal gain so that the tracking precision can be improved when signal is weaker.Experimental results show that the GAFT increases the tracking precision to 0.0497 mm by changing the radius of goal,adjusting flare of signal intensity and other measures in linear intervals.


In this work, to calculate the distribution of the excess minority carrier concentration in bilateral macroporous silicon, the solution of the diffusion equation for stationary conditions is used, which is written for a monocrystalline substrate and macroporous layers. The solution to the diffusion equation is supplemented by boundary conditions at the interface between macroporous layers and a monocrystalline substrate and at the boundaries of a bilateral macroporous silicon sample. The dependence of the distribution of the excess minority carrier concentration in bilateral macroporous silicon with the same thickness of porous layers on the depth of macropores, the thickness of the sample of bilateral macroporous silicon, and the bulk lifetime of minority charge carriers is calculated. It is shown that the distribution function of the excess minority carrier concentration in bilateral macroporous silicon exhibits two maxima. The maxima are located in the frontal macroporous layer, near the surface of the sample, and in a monocrystalline substrate, near the interface, the frontal macroporous layer - monocrystalline substrate.


In this paper we set out to discover and describe the emotional dynamics and forms of  participation that are deployed in the development of a learning community. Two case studies were analyzed: Weaving Workshop and Professional Course Lifeguard, both considered as non formal learning contexts. For each case, we discuss the methodology used, referring to the participants and data collection instruments used. Then, we present the main results in relation to how it developed the emotional dynamics of the participants and how they were displaying the different trajectories of participation in each context.  In the final discussions, we highlight the importance of community in the emergence of emotional dynamics of groups, which in turn impacts the community by contributing to cohesion and progress toward achieving shared goals among  participants.


Copper trihydroxychlorides, which are known as "bronze disease", are dangerous corrosion products that compromise the stability and conservation of bronze sculptures. Here, we performed artificial patina corrosion experiments on quaternary bronze (Cu-Zn-Sn-Pb) to examine the corrosion behavior of the chloride patina commonly found in bronze objects in marine environments. The chromaticity and reflectance of the patina in the context of the corrosion products indicate that copper trihydroxychloride, which is commonly found in a single color in marine environments, was produced early in the corrosion experiment. Furthermore, the corrosion of bronze had different effects on the alloying elements, contrary to pure copper corrosion. The chloride patina formed a single patina layer of copper trihydroxychlorides. This patina layer was divided into the outer porous powder and inner uniform layers. Furthermore, the interaction of oxygen in the atmosphere with the corrosion layer and internal oxidation of tin in the alloy promoted powdering. These results provide important basic data for research on sculpture conservation and corrosion characteristics, such as changes in color, chemical composition, and corrosion products on the patina surfaces of outdoor bronze sculptures.


More and more people feel that they cannot leave their lives to be governed by democratic institutions alone. They want to take charge themselves, be involved and have a say in their community - in short, live their lives as active citizens. Citizenship, however, is not a given. Like most things, it needs to be learned, and citizenship education aims to facilitate just that. For students, citizenship education means more than merely learning about citizenship and democracy. Citizenship education means learning through practicing citizenship inside and outside the school. One model for that is service learning, first conceived in North America but now also taking root in other parts of the world. Service learning combines service and learning by linking community service and reflection about it in class. The present volume grounds citizenship education theoretically, presents empirical research about its long-term effects and gives examples of how it works in practice. Contributions by John Annette, Monika Buhl, Martina Diedrich, Schima Hassan-Beik, Andrew Furco, Gerhard Himmelmann, Manfred Hofer, Klaus Koopmann, Hans Peter Kuhn, Elena Marta, Bruce Maxwell, Cynthia Miller-Idriss, Peter Noack, Hans Oswald, John Potter, Maura Pozzi, Roland Reichenbach, Christina Sas, Anne Sliwka, Heinz Reinders, James Youniss.


Historical conferences have their own personalities. Some are low-budget paper-cup affairs held in the lounges of student unions. Others are so huge and ungainly that if one forgets one's program, one butts into a session on comparative mustache-dipping in the U.S. civil war and is told that the meeting one hoped to attend is really gathering in the Shangri-la Hotel, on the far side of Ravine Park. Conferences can be impersonal or trendy, or else interminably dull. I have even attended ones where participants pecked at one another like absurd roosters. The Segundo Semindrio de Historia Indo-Portuguesa, held in Lisbon from Oct. 20-24, resembled none of these conferences even remotely and fflr the following; reasons. For one, twenty years of experience has convinced me the Portuguese are about the most hospitable people in Western Europe and no one can stage a better-provided-for academic congress than they. For another, no purely academically trained professor can hope to equal a capable naval officer as an organizer and coordinator. Finally, the field of Indo-Portuguese study is both widely international in regard to the domicile of its practitioners, but rather small in number and surprisingly compatible and homogeneous in outlook. The interplay of all these factors combined to bring about a conference so satisfying and memorable that participants will talk about it for years. Not only were there receptions in unusual settings like the grandly baroque Palacio das Necessidades and faultlessly catered regional dinners in places like the 16th century cloister of the Pousada dos Loios, in Evora, and not only was the opening session in the refectory of the Manueline Monastery of Jeronimos broadcast on Portuguese television, but there were five coordinated happenings, all staged for the benefit of the conferees: three exhibits of documents and art pertaining to Portuguese Asia in three different archives and museums, the premiere of a film on Goa and the special visit to Portugal of India's best dance troupe. If I have left out a reception at the Indian ambassador's home, a Gulbenkian buffet and a gala farewell dinner at the naval officer's club in Cascais, I only did so to avoid overlong sentences.


The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics and criteria used in recruitment and selection in an organization of construction industry in the municipality of Itabira, Minas Gerais. The research adopted a qualitative, descriptive approach through field research. The universe is formed by organization of construction industry in the municipality of Itabira, Minas Gerais. The sample used was non-probability accessibility, represented by Alfa organization. The research subjects were five employees of the organization studied. Data were collected through desk research and interviews and analyzed using content analysis. The research showed that the method of recruitment and selection used by the organization is indoor. The criteria used during the process permeate the personal circumstances of the candidates and experience in construction, courses taken and an indication of other professionals. The main difficulties in the recruitment and selection process in the construction industry in the perception of human resource managers are related to fill operational positions due to the rotation of the works, as well as the need to nominate candidates for admission become confident. It is understood the need to adopt new methods and criteria for recruitment and selection that also promotes the filling of vacancies, help in the quest for the achievement of organizational objectives.


It is needed to have a number of applied talents to develop the market economy.The talents must be familiar with and accomplished in the legal knowledge of the market economy.The law majors in the academy of finance and economics can take financial discipline advantage to position their own training aims.The realization of the aim must focus on the curriculm setting.The innovation of the course setting must not only accord with the ordinary laws talents training way,but also highlight the characteristics of the financial law.


Based on structural reliability theory,the paper systematically studies the reliability level of residential buildings nowadays,analyses the effect of the value of floor live load to the structural reliability.On this base,the design of structural reliability is advanced.


The article deals with the relevant problem of the

The article deals with the relevant problem of the

improvement of expressive reading skills of future philologists in

the process of their professional training, specific features of speech

technics and the meaning of the term "expressive reading" were

defined.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the issue as the important

factor for professional training of future specialist and show the

need to work with speech expressiveness within the context of

increasing of professional excellence. To do this, students need to

work hard on speech technics, particularly at mastering their

combined respiration, elocution, accurate pronunciation and word's

emphasize, to avoid serious violations of orthoepical standards.

Each student-philologist must improve the skills of expressive

reading and speech in order to increase his professional skills, to

master the language of speech as a prerequisite for verbal action.

improvement of expressive reading skills of future philologists in
the process of their professional training, specific features of speech
technics and the meaning of the term "expressive reading" were
defined.
The purpose of the study is to reveal the issue as the important
factor for professional training of future specialist and show the
need to work with speech expressiveness within the context of
increasing of professional excellence. To do this, students need to
work hard on speech technics, particularly at mastering their
combined respiration, elocution, accurate pronunciation and word's
emphasize, to avoid serious violations of orthoepical standards.
Each student-philologist must improve the skills of expressive
reading and speech in order to increase his professional skills, to
master the language of speech as a prerequisite for verbal action.


We construct an arc-analytic function (i.e. analytic on every real-analytic arc) in R2 which is analytic outside a nondiscrete subset of R2. Let M be a real-analytic manifold. A function f : M → R is called arc-analytic iff for every analytic arc γ : ]−e, e[→M the composition f ◦ γ is analytic (see [K1]). For every function f on M , let Sing f denote the set of points of nonanalyticity of f . If f is an arc-analytic function with subanalytic graph, then Sing f is a subanalytic subset of M (see [T] or [K2]); moreover, dim(Sing f) ≤ dimM − 2 (see [K1]). Actually, in this case a stronger result is true: there exists a locally finite composition π of local blowing-ups of M such that f ◦π is analytic (see [BM], [P]). Recently examples of arc-analytic functions with nonsubanalytic graphs were given ([K3] and [BMP], where a discontinuous example is given). Suppose that f : R → R is an arc-analytic function. Professor Siciak asked whether Sing f is always discrete. By the previous remarks this is the case if, for example, f has subanalytic graph, because Sing f , being subanalytic of dimension 0, contains only isolated points. In this note we construct an arc-analytic function f : R → R such that Sing f is nondiscrete and f is unbounded at each point of Sing f . Our construction is based on an idea of [K3]. The author is grateful to Professor Siciak for stating the problem. Let aν ∈ R, ν ∈ N, ν ≥ 1, be a convergent sequence in R. Define a0 = lim ν→∞ aν , Z0 = {(aν , 0) ∈ R : ν ∈ N, ν ≥ 0} . We will construct an arc-analytic function f : R → R such that Sing f = Z0, and f is unbounded at each point of Z0. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 32B20; Secondary 32B30.


Many peach orchard sites in southwestern France have calcareous soils and cold, wet, springtime growing conditions. On these sites, the ordinary peach seedling stock tends to be short-lived. The Grande Ferrade station has been engaged for more than 30 years in developing rootstocks for such soils; 'Pecher × Amandier' (GF 677) and 'Damas' (GF 1869) are examples of successful introductions from this program.


Background & purpose: Cerebral palsy is the diagnostic term used to describe a group of motor syndromes resulting from disorders of early brain development.Cerebral palsy is the term used to refer to a non-progressive group of brain disorders resulting from a lesion or developmental abnormality in fetal life or early infancy.Impaired hand function is a major disability in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). As a result, children with hemiplegic CP often fail to use the involved the upper extremity and learn to perform most tasks exclusively with their non-involved upper extremity. The arm is often more involved than the leg and difficulty in hand manipulation is obvious by one year of age. Objective: This study is done to find out whether restraining of the uninvolved limb and use of mirror and use of hand techniques will help to overcome hand function and improve functional activity in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methodology: Subjects were assigned in two Groups A and B (15 patients in each group by randomized sampling) both are experimental group. Group Ais treated with Mirror Therapy (MT), with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsywere asked to perform a bimanual symmetrical circular movement in three different visual feedback conditions (i.e. mirror-viewing the two arms, viewing only one arm, and viewing one arm and its mirror image), combined with two head orientation conditions (i.e. looking from the impaired and looking from the less-impaired body side) and including hand exercise, passive stretching. Group B is treated with Modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (MCIMT), with restrain of un-involved arm forn1 hour per day and the involved arm is given group programs and playing activities for 1 hour per day. Each subject is assessed according to assessment scale. Thirty subjects with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy of age group between 6-10 years are taken. Duration of the study is 3 months and data collection is done at day zero and at the end of 12 wks. Study design: Experimental design Outcome measure: 1.Motor Activity Log Scale (MAL),2.Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) Results: Data for 30 patients were included in the data analysis. Between group analysis shows significant (P<0.01) improvement in group A. Group B was (P<0.00) less significantly improved among both the groups. Conclusion: Data collected through the study showed more improvement in the hand function and functional activities in patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy in the group A. Thus, it can be concluded that MT are more beneficial in improving hand function for young children with spastic hemiplegic cp. This is one reason in all the literature which emphasizes the importance of above MT over MCIMT.


Rain sensors RSs appear to be a useful tool for water conservation at a relatively low cost. However, little evidence related to RS performance and/or reliability exists. The objectives of this experiment were to: 1 evaluate two RS types with respect to the following: Accuracy of their set point, number of irrigation cycles bypassed, and duration in bypass mode; 2 quantify the amount of water that RSs could save; and 3 estimate their payback period. Mini-click MC and wireless rain-click WL rain sensor models were monitored. For the WL treatment, the dry-out ventilation windows were set half open, and for the MC treatments, rainfall set points of 3, 13, and 25 mm were established. On average, all treatments responded close to their set points with the WL, 3 mm MC, 13 mm MC, and 25 mm MC treatments averaging 1.4, 3.4, 10.0, and 24.5 mm, respectively. However, some replicates showed variable behavior. The number of times that these sensors shut off irrigation 81, 43, 30, and 8 times, respectively was inversely proportional to the magnitude of their set point, with potential water savings following a similar trend. Where water costs exceed $0.53 per cubic meter $2.00 per thousand gallons, the payback period is less than a year for WL and MCs set at 13 mm or less.


BTH's Nurse Programme, term 5, invited all other students to take part in information and advice about factors that improves everybody's health.


Shellfish farms need to be closed from harvesting when the water body is contaminated to avoid a serious health hazard. We have designed a sensor network framework to monitor a number of water quality variables to check the health of shellfish farms and predict closure if hazardous. Because of the uncertainty associated with the data acquisition process, a full set of sensor values are not always available for decision making purposes. The prediction system thus needs to deal with missing values. Statistical approaches are commonly used to generate an artificial value to approximate a missing sensor reading and predictions are made on the then complete set of sensor values. In this paper we present a new method that is capable of making predictions without making artificial approximations of missing values. The idea is to train a set of classifiers on different subsets of sensor values. Given a set of available sensor values, a prediction is made by the classifier trained on the corresponding set of sensor values. We have evaluated the system on the data obtained from a number of shellfish farms in Tasmania. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method to deal with missing values can predict closures with high accuracy.


This paper explores Woolf's self into her character: Mrs. Ramsay and vice versa. The narrative of 'To the Lighthouse' offers a detailed description of her characters' inner selves and their outlook on life based on their interior designs. Woolf has drawn her characters based on incidents chiselled from her personal life. Her personal life suffered incessantly from jolts of fear, psychosis, neurosis, and attempts of suicide on various occasions. To compensate for the injuries and trauma of the past, Woolf is at her best in drawing the character of Mrs. Ramsay, which is full of love, life, and harmony, contrary to her own life, which was full of trouble and mental sickness. Woolf could not manage her personal and conjugal life smoothly, but Mrs. Ramsay, on the contrary, successfully kept her family connected till her death. Our main argument is Aristotle's stance on Art that artists, in reaction to the realities of the physical world, create an imaginative world of perfection. According to the novel's psychological nature, Freud's theory of personality has been adopted in exploring and correlating the character of Mrs. Ramsay (the brainchild of Woolf) with Woolf's personal life.


Optical components at the nanoscale are crucial for developing photonics and integrated optics. Device with ultrasmall dimensions is of particular importance for nanoscience and electronic technology. Among all the manufacturing tools, the focused ion beam is a critical candidate for machining and processing optical devices at the nanoscale. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the fabrication of nanodevices with arbitrary shapes and different potential applications using focused ion beam techniques.


Epipremnum Aureum or money plant is a popular indoor plant known to emanate positive energy flow into space. Energy or aura is essentially the frequency radiated from a body, including from plants, and scientifically known as Electromagnetics Radiation (EMR). This preliminary study is to investigate the EMR pattern from money plant using frequency detector. The EMR are measured in a common sized room during five specific time range each day for three weeks with the presence of money plants and for two weeks without money plants (absence). The seven observation points of the EMR are taken around the money plant and in the middle of the room. The results shows that the EMR increases by 24% in the presence of money plant. This finding asserts that money plant radiates and influence the EMR frequency to increase in the surrounding.


Crystals are assemblages of very small basic units of matter repeated periodically in 3 dimensions. The connection with group theory is that each pattern can be characterized by its symmetry group. It turns out that there are only 230 of these so-called crystallographic space groups amongst which are 22, which crystallographers prefer to regard as distinct, but which, from an abstract point of view, form 11 pairs of isomorphic groups. Thus the space groups fall into 219 isomorphism classes. The enumeration of these space groups is built upon the 14 lattices determined by Bravais. Since the enumeration is quite complicated, we here look at some of the corresponding ideas involved in the analogous 2-dimensional problem where 17 groups, no two of which are isomorphic, arise. First recall that an isometry of the plane ]R2 is a distancepreserving mapping of R onto itself. Amongst such isol11.etries are translations, rotations, reflections (in lines) and glide reflections. The latter being the result of an ordinary reflection in some line 1 followed by a translation parallel to 1. Figure 1 adequately describes these movements.


Experimental and analytical results are presented covering a continuous method of accelerating neutral plasmas. By raising the electron energy selectively in electron cyclotron resonance and transferring this energy to the ions by space charge interaction, plasma beams were produced at specific impulses and thrusts of interest for space propulsion. In the well collimated plasma beam produced during the preliminary experiments demonstrating the effect, a thrust of 10 dynes/cm/sup 2/ was measured by means of a mechanical vane. Mercury ion energies from 50 to 135 ev at densities of 5 x 10/sup 10/ per cm/sup 3/ were measured by means of a retarding potential energy analyzer. Within the experimental limitations good agreement between theory and experiment was obtained. A substantial increase in thrust density and an increase in specific impulse appears feasible by optimization of the experimental parameters. (auth)


The continuous evolution of mobile applications and the ubiquitous positioning devises generate huge amount of trajectory data related to moving objects. The data is stored into trajectory data warehouse which is the best repository that can deal with spatiotemporal data. In this work, we take as example of moving object the vehicles. The corresponding trajectory data are sent via GPS that gives the latitude, longitude as well as the speed. Basing on the study of the vehicles' speed, we give a new definition of the point of interest that corresponds to a specific point in space and time where there is a radical shift in speed of the vehicle. We present, also, a new concept Time interval Of Interest that corresponds to the interval of time that separates two consecutive points of interests. The analysis of point of interest and time interval of interest can generate valuable information such as the traffic jam areas, their duration, etc.


A health risk assessment was undertaken for residents of Ubeji community who consume groundwater contaminated with trace metals. A total of 96 composite groundwater samples were collected in the dry and wet seasons from 12 locally dug wells, which are major sources of groundwater to the community. Concentrations of the metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and were found to vary with season. Among the metals studied, Cd2+, Cr6+, and Pb2+ were detected at concentrations higher than maximum regulatory limits. Cd2+ concentrations (mg L−1) range from 0.03 to 0.06 and 0.02 to 0.05 in the dry and wet seasons, respectively, while Cr6+ levels (mg L−1) range from 0.59 to 0.67 and 0.34 to 0.53, respectively, for the two seasons. Also, Pb2+ levels (mg L−1) range from 2.8 to 3.4 and 2.7 to 3.1 in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. It is estimated that exposure to metals in the community drinking water results in carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks that are higher than the generally acceptable risks of drinking water. Therefore, the results indicate that the concentrations of the metals in the groundwater are high and the consumption of water from the community wells may result in systemic chronic health risk to the residents.


The application of vibrational spectroscopy to disease diagnosis is a relatively new, rapidly evolving scientific field. Techniques such as Raman and infrared spectroscopy have shown great promise in this regard over the past number of years. This study directly compared Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron infrared (SR-IR) spectroscopy on parallel cervical cancer samples. Both frozen and dewaxed formalin fixed paraffin preserved tissue sections were examined. Both tissue types produced good quality Raman and SR-IR spectra, although the lesser processed, frozen tissue sections displayed the most detailed spectra. Spectroscopy was shown capable of discriminating between different cell types in normal cervical tissue. Spectra recorded from invasive carcinoma showed a marked difference from those recorded from normal cervical epithelial cells. Spectral differences identified with the onset of carcinogenesis include increased nucleic acid contributions and decreased glycogen levels. These investigations pave the way for an enlarged study into this exciting new diagnostic field.


In this paper, a lossless image watermarking system has been presented, which uses the lifting wavelet transform (LWT) with integer to integer lifting scheme with all wavelets to host image. Also it provides Wavelet Transform domain technique and arithmetic coding technique to improve the quality of watermarked image. Experiments are conducted to find peak signal to noise ratio using different wavelet families. Keywordslifting wavelet transform (LWT), integer to integer lifting scheme, arithmetic coding, Wavelet Transform, wavelet families.


A novel integrated model is proposed to optimize the redundancy allocation problem (RAP) and the reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) simultaneously. A system of both repairable and nonrepairable components has been considered. In this system, electronic components are nonrepairable while mechanical components are mostly repairable. For nonrepairable components, a redundancy allocation problem is dealt with to determine optimal redundancy strategy and number of redundant components to be implemented in each subsystem. In addition, a maintenance scheduling problem is considered for repairable components in order to identify the best maintenance policy and optimize system reliability. Both active and cold standby redundancy strategies have been taken into account for electronic components. Also, net present value of the secondary cost including operational and maintenance costs has been calculated. The problem is formulated as a biobjective mathematical programming model aiming to reach a tradeoff between system reliability and cost. Three metaheuristic algorithms are employed to solve the proposed model: Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II), Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), and Multiobjective Firefly Algorithm (MOFA). Several test problems are solved using the mentioned algorithms to test efficiency and effectiveness of the solution approaches and obtained results are analyzed.


In this paper we study the block fading binary erasure wiretap channel, where the transmitter sends secret messages to a legitimate receiver over a block fading erasure channel in the presence of an eavesdropper. The eavesdropper receives the transmitted secret message over a separate block fading binary erasure channel. It is assumed that the transmitter knows the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the main channel and knows only the probability distribution of the capacity of the wiretap channel. We mainly consider the case where the transmitter adapts the code based on the CSI of the main channel in order to achieve either a certain secrecy rate or a certain level of secrecy. We compare the two proposed scenarios for the adaptive coding method based on the probability of secrecy outage and the average throughput.


Parthenium (Partheniumhysterophorus L.) is a weed that produces many seeds and has spread widely rapid growth, ability to spread via waterways and roadways , it is able to spread very quickly Parthenium was spread by vehicles or as a contaminant of seeds. It act as environmental, medical and agricultural hazards. They are also allergenic with pollen causing dermatitis and hay fever in human in livestock from prolonged feeding on parthenium, and milk and meat are tainted affecting their value. This weed is thought to cause allergic respiratory problems, mutagenicity in humans and severe reductions in crop production1. Sesquiterpene lactones (SQLs) are the most important allergens responsible for ACD of parthenium. This plant is not only harmful to agriculture but also is a major factor in multiple human diseases through contagious. Among these are asthma, Allergies, and Stomach diseases. It is used as an antioxidant, an anticancer agent, and an antitumor agent, and its extracts are often used pesticides to control diseases. Parthenium it has some toxic chemical composition due this it exhibits many harmful adverse effects but owing to many limitations associated with the conventional methods, management of parthenium still remains a challenge. Parthenium is considered as the number one dangerous terrestrial weed because of its harmful effects both to human and biodiversity. Many control measures are being used to manage this obnoxious weed. It has both useful effect and non useful effect.


Aim: The Aim of this case report is to describe a rare case of bilateral medial malleolar fracture with its probable mechanism of
injury.
Case report: A 37 year male patient sustained a bilateral medial malleolar fracture following a road traffic accident with an undisplaced
posterior malleolus fracture on the right side. The patient underwent osteosynthesis of both the ankles in the same
sitting with malleolar screws with no significant complaints at 3 year follow up.
Discussion: In the present case, the right side had a vertical medial malleolar fracture representing a supination-external rotation
type injury while the left side had transverse fracture represented a pure abduction injury.
Conclusion: The case has been reported in view of its rarity alone with its probable mechanism of injury. Surgical management
resulted in a good clinical outcome for the present case.


SYNOPSIS. Confusion has long existed in the literature concerning both the taxonomy and the nomenclature of ciliates belongin: to the astomatid family Haptophryidae. Most of the controversy has centered around the names and concepts of "Haptophrya" and "Sieboldiellina." The latter name, widely used for certain species found as parasites (endocommensals) of turbellarians, must fall as a junior synonym of the former, which has commonly been restricted to the astomatous ciliate parasites (endocommensals) of various amphibians But the species of "Haptophrya" are then left without a generic vehicle, since Haptophrya Stein, 1867, must, in effect, be used to replace Sieboldiellina Collin, 1911, as the proper generic name of the turhellarian parasites Fortunately a name is available for the amphibian species: Cepedietta Kay, 1942.

The problem is further complicated because of the recognition of subfamilial groups, the name of one of these having been formed from Sieboldiellina and having become associated with certain species parasitic in turbellarians. With the realization that, by the international rules of zoological nomenclature, Haptophrya must be used with reference to these particular turbellarian parasites, the subfamilial name associated with the amphibian forms must be changed. We propose Cepediettinae n. nom. in solution of this particular problem. We recognize a third subfamily, Ckpkde's Lachmannellinae, to contain the three remaining acceptable genera comprising the family Haptophryidae: Anndophrya, Lachmanndla, and Steinella.

At the generic and specific levels numerous errors of a nomenclatural nature have been committed in the older literature, many unwittingly perpetuated in recent papers. These are all corrected in the present work. For the sake of future clarity we have included a series of figures, both original and from the literature, and have designated neotypes of the two principal species involved in the overall controversy.


Objective To establish an HPLC method for the content determination of quercetin and kaempferol in Wasong Suppository.Methods The HPLC analysis was carried out on C18 analytical column with acetonitrile as mobile phase A and 1.0% HCl solution as mobile phrase B.The detection wavelength was 360 nm.Results The liner ranges of quercetin and kaempferol were 0.006~0.024 mg·mL-1(r=0.990 8) and 0.012~0.047 mg·mL-1(r=0.995 2),respectively.The average recoveries of quercetin and kaempferol were respectively 99.91% and 101.2%.Conclusion The method was simple,accurate and reproducible,and it can be used for the determination of quercetin and kaempferol in Wasong Suppository.


Though a process perspective has been adopted in emerging conceptualizations of strategic marketing, little attention has been given to process issues in marketing strategy research. Using an exploratory case research approach in conjunction with network analysis, the authors trace emergent processes in marketing strategy formation and identify key organizational players. The concept of autonomous strategic behavior is explored and linked to strategic marketing processes in the firm. Key managerial and research implications are highlighted.


Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have been found to be an effective method for minimizing antibiotic misuse.
Method: A study comparing the quality of antibiotic prescriptions between a one-year period before ASP implementation and a one-year period after its implementation. For each period, antimicrobial prescriptions were evaluated by an antimicrobial stewardship team and classified as appropriate or inappropriate.
Results: An improvement between Phase I and Phase II was found in all antibiotic therapies.
Discussion: The overall antibiotic inappropriate rate was 45.8% before implemented the stewardship program, which is relatively high and consistent with the findings of other studies mentioned in the literature.
Conclusion: Applying the stewardship program led to a significant decrease of the inappropriate use of antibiotics at the hospital.


PURPOSE: A strap for mobile equipment is provided to improve product reliability by easily assembling and preventing to loosen the assembled state arbitrarily. CONSTITUTION: The strap for mobile equipment includes a first main body (10), a second main body (20), a support joint, and an elastic material (40). The first main body has a head part in one side, a protrusion part in the other side, and a raised spot formed from step difference between the head part and the protrusion part. The second main body has the insertion part in which the protrusion part of the first main body is inserted. The support joint has a binding protrusion formed in one site between the protrusion part of the first main body and the second main body, and a protrusion binding part which is combining with the binding protrusion and formed in another site. And the support joint supports the above protrusion part inside the insertion part of the second main body.


Variations in human gaits are manifest in the timing of the many combined motions in the gait. In periodic systems, such as a gait, timing reduces to phase. Therefore, in order to capture the important information in the timing patterns in a gait, one must consider phase. Gaits vary for several reasons, including different builds, moods of individuals, fatigue and injury. We investigate the relationship between the model-free shape-of-motion phase analysis and a subjective description of gait, such as a normal gait versus a tired gait or a shuffle, by analyzing several gait image sequences that differ subjectively. A simple model based on a phasor representation of gait motion relates the pendulum-like motion of limbs to shape-of-motion features. Our ultimate goal is to develop a gait feature space that can be partitioned according to subjective perception of gait. Gait features that vary with subjective changes in gait lead in this direction.


A cretaceous genus of Abietineae.-Dr. STOPES38 has investigated a petrified tree trunk from the Cretaceous of New Zealand, which shows "a striking mixture of abietinean and araucarian characters." She regards it as a new genus, which is named Planoxylon, and which is made to contain two species, the one investigated (P. Hectori) and another (P. Lindleii) that had been referred to Araucarioxylon by SEWARD. P. Hectori s of special interest because "it comes from Australasia, where no Abietineae or Juniperineae or other forms with abietinean ray structure are endemic at present."-J. M.C.


Mobile reading is a bright new experience for readers who are deeply fond of its instantaneity,instructiveness casualty.It will be the main stream for libraries to develop in the future.But the mobile reading service is comparatively underdeveloped on temporary.The article is aim at not only analyze the popularity of mobile reading devices,its advantages,shortages and the causes it lag behind but also talk about the trend of its development.


ABSTRACT Translating Neuroscience to education involves providing accurate and simplified information about neuroscience to teachers. The aim of this research was to understand if providing translated abstracts from neuroscientific articles helped teachers understand content more thoroughly. Surveys, experimental manipulation, and focus group discussions were conducted with thirty teachers from two primary schools in Singapore. Teachers shared their familiarity with neuroscience, self-rated their understanding of neuroscientific abstracts, and provided feedback on the abstracts' translations. Results indicate that translated abstracts did not improve attitudes significantly; however, focus group discussions revealed that teachers were more interested in the applications of neuroscience research in classroom pedagogy. These findings highlight the importance of improving communication between neuroscientists and educators. Abbreviations: TENC: Translational Education Neuroscience Clearinghouse; AEDs: Allied Educators


In this paper,bromo pentane and pyridine as a reaction produce the ionic liquid of N-pentyl pyridium bromide which is the intermediate of ionic liquid,and optimize and improve the synthetic process.Characterize it for chemical structure by infrared spectrometry.The results of ultraviolet spectra show that both dissolvent of polarity and pH have an effect on the displacement of ultraviolet spectrogram.Analysing the solubility of ionic liquids in common solvents,the results show that the N-pentyl pyridium bromide have a good solubility in water,ethanol,acetonitrile,methanol,acetic acid and chloroform solvents,but have a minimal solubility when it in ethyl acetate,acetone,ether,carbon tetrachloride and cyclohexane solventhave.


The standards association of Australia has set up a committee to draw up a standard for bicycle lighting. The important issues identified by the committee are as follows: 1) dual purpose of front lights; 2) in dynamo systems, the relative distribution of power between the front and rear lights; 3) amber versus red tail lights; 4) flashing or stationary lights; 5) beam distribution of the rear light; 6) chromaticity of the rear red light; 7) dynamo systems alone; and 8) a minimum and adequate standards versus a commercially available product.


The invention discloses a searching system and a searching method for face recognition. The searching method for face recognition includes acquiring a face image by an image acquisition unit, recognizing a piece of first face information of the face image by a face recognition unit, and controlling a first communication unit by a first processing unit so as to transmit the piece of first face information; then storing a plurality of pieces of personal information and a plurality of pieces of second face information corresponding to multiple pieces of personal information by a storage unit, and comparing the piece of first face information to the multiple pieces of second face information by a comparison unit; and controlling a second communication unit by a second processing unit so as to provide the piece of personal information corresponding to the certain piece of second face information to a portable electronic device when the piece of first face information is matched with the certain piece of second face information in the multiple pieces of second face information.


Effective deformation monitoring and analysis of quay construction is of great significance.This paper presents the deformation monitoring during construction of a quay and the analysis of the monitoring data,which provides a reference of the deformation monitoring for similar quay construction.


RMC (Reverse Monte Carlo) computer simulation method was used to study the structure of As-Ge-Te chalcogenide glasses based on the structure information of XRD results. Structure information and characters of glasses were obtained. RMC was proved to be an efficient method on the Structure study of chalcogenide glasses.


Objective To analyze the review comments for natural science foundation of China(NSFC) and investigate the method for promoting meticulous fund management and raising the gain rate.Methods The review comments for 64 NSFC of Beijing neurosurgical institute from 2006 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed,found management deficiencies were analyzed,and the corresponding measures were made.Results The main reasons for the failed gain of 47 NSFC support were:not enough novelty,without feasibility,insufficient basis for making a point,indefinite of objective,weak working foundation,unreasonable administration of staff and time.The gain rate of the institute was improved by 36% in the next year.Conclusion Analyzing the review comments for NSFC to promote meticulous fund management could improve the gain rate of NSFC support.


The article provides a comprehensive analysis of retrospective prerequisites for the restoration of radioactively contaminated lands in Ukrainian Polissia on the basis of sustainable development principles. The research methodology is based on a systemic approach, which involves the use of modern and classical scientific methods: general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis of data); retrospective and comparative analysis (identification of cause-and-effect relationships); analytical-synthetic (study of scientific and statistical data, archival materials, legislative and founding documents, etc.); mathematical (mathematical processing of obtained results). The research is based on official statistical data from the main statistical offices in Volyn, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Rivne, and Chernihiv regions. The aim of the study was to outline the socio-economic prerequisites for sustainable development of radioactive contaminated territories in Ukrainian Polissia. The study analyzed the state of economic development in Ukrainian Polissia, including the agricultural and forestry sectors, as well as the social component as a factor and indicator of sustainable regional development. Additionally, the study analyzed the housing conditions and income level of the population in the radioactive contaminated territories of Ukrainian Polissia. It has been established that the ecological factor has a significant impact on the socio-economic situation in Ukrainian Polissia, particularly when analyzing the impact of the radiological factor. The study shows that despite the leading positions of the agricultural and forestry sectors in the region, they have not been able to fully recover after the Chornobyl disaster and the post-Soviet economic crisis, which has led to negative social consequences. To address existing problems, the state employment policy should be focused primarily on preventing crisis situations and stimulating the return of migrants. Additionally, reform of economic specialization should be envisaged, taking into account regional specificities and introducing innovative technologies and solutions that would enable the attraction of investments.


To improve the handover performance of real time traffic,Mobile IPv6(MIPv6) and its enhancement mechanisms are studied.A new hybrid seamless handover scheme called IMIPv6(Integrated MIPv6) is proposed,which integrates MIPv6,Fast Handovers for MIPv6(FMIPv6),Hierarchical Mobile IPv6(HMIPv6),buffer management,Link-layer Trigger(L2T) and bi-casting mechanisms.The IMIPv6 prototype and its test results are described.The handover delay,packet loss and handover signaling load of MIPv6,FMIPv6,HMIPv6 and IMIPv6 are simulated and analyzed with NS-2.The results show that IMIPv6 and FMIPv6 have the least packet loss and that IMIPv6 has the lowest handover delay and the biggest signaling load.IMIPv6 has advantages over MIPv6,FMIPv6 and HMIPv6 in handover speediness and smoothness,and thus is suitable for seamless handover of real time traffic.


The number of elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery is continuously increasing in Japan. Very elderly patients have limited cardiopulmonary reserve, and complications may induce intraoperative hemodynamic compromise, particularly in an emergency setting. This retrospective study investigated the hemodynamic characteristics of very elderly patients undergoing either emergency or elective orthopedic surgery using preoperative Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE). We enrolled 125 patients and compared the following TTE parameters between 64 elective and 61 emergency patients using the 2-D Teichholz method: end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening. Patients undergoing emergency surgery had a significantly lower stroke volume and stroke index, but a significantly higher heart rate than elective patients. The ejection fraction and fractional shortening were not significantly different, and the cardiac index was almost identical between the two groups. Our results suggest that elderly patients undergoing emergency orthopedic surgery are volume-depleted, and their cardiac output is maintained primarily by compensatory activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Preoperative non-invasive TTE examination was capable of evaluating the hemodynamic status of elderly patients undergoing emergency orthopedic surgery. Both general and regional anesthesia may induce cardiovascular instability to varying degrees. Anesthesiologists should respect the importance of preoperative fluid administration and meticulously monitor and manage these patients perioperatively.


One way to deflne a Nash equilibrium is by positing a set of beliefs (or conjectures) for each player over (about) the actions of their opponents that has the property that, given these beliefs, when each player best responds, the actions taken conflrm the initial beliefs. This rational expectations deflnition leaves open the question of how beliefs and actions get into this self-conflrming state. For example, do beliefs converge to their equilibrium state flrst and drag actions into alignment or is the process action driven with them converging before beliefs. What we flnd is that the process of convergence is one where actions converge before beliefs. However, after reaching equilibrium in actions, the beliefs of subjects converge to the degenerate beliefs that place all the weight on the partner's equilibrium action extremely rapidly (within 2 periods on average). We also identify difierences between the early converger and the late converger in a group | often it is the case that the early converger plays his part of the Nash action proflle long enough to convince his opponent to adhere. Finally, we investigate the process of belief formation and argue that, unlike all of the most common learning models, the belief formation process is one that takes into account not only the payofi of the learner but also those of his


This paper presents the GoGirls project, which addresses gender equity in conjunction with digital literacy. The objective is to contribute to the empowerment of girls and boys in elementary school, in extension actions, through activities using Web 2.0 tools. The GoGirls website is built within the concept of learning objects, thus constituting itself as a digital tool to support education. The GoGirls website was evaluated by potential appliers of its contents in projects. The evaluation was about usability and content issues and showed promising results.


"There are no obviously identifiable characters, just human beings who express fear, love, ecstasy, violence and death by colliding with spoken words, as if only an expressive body could adequately convey the intensity of the exploded script." Hélène Beauchamp's summary of the Omnibus production of René-Daniel Dubois's Deux contes parmi tant d'autres pour une tribe perdue included here applies to much of the other work discussed in this issue, work that pursues physical more than literary values. With the "explosion" of the script in this work, the authority of the word – and of its author – is eroded, perhaps even replaced, by the transitory theatre event that denies commodification into book or tape form because of its spatial as well as temporal essence. In Quebec, this is the work of concepteurs and créateurs – terms that defy easy translation into English theatrical terminology. Even when this work expresses the vision of one artist, it invariably is created by a group whose collaborative methods are considerably different from those of traditional theatre production. Working from concepts rather than scripts, they ignore the assumptions of conventional dramaturgy as words give way to images; here, images are not a means to an end, but an end in themselves.


The effort for GSI based IT system consolidation has been continued due to the increase of the system and complication increase of system connection, mainly by the global company. Since successful example of GSI realization by part of developed company affect to Korea, global level IT system consolidation has been examined mainly by the domestic company that have great deal of overseas business. Although they have examined consolidation possibility mainly on R&D, finance, operation management part which is the base part of company management, there are limitation for consolidation realization because of the difference between regional business problem of huge cost needed for consolidation. To overcome these realization limitations, it is necessary to lead risk and cost reduction through stepwise part unity and decide Priority Evaluation Framework for Consolidation target and systematic consolidation strategy. For GSI realization, appropriate distributions of unification time according to target system are needed. In this study, based on easiness and usefulness of consolidation and connection between the targets, evaluation methodology for Priority Evaluation Framework of system consolidation has been developed. Priority Evaluation Framework has been decided by applying developed methodology to global production company of high tech industrial part. Through this methodology, companies can realize successful and stable GSI by investing global resources intensively by Priority Evaluation Framework of consolidation target system


Volunteer labor is commonly used to produce many goods and services in our economy. Many studies examine the supply of volunteer labor and determine why and how individuals give their time without remuneration (Freeman, 1997; Menchik, & Weisbrod, 1987; Smith, 1994; Vaillancourt & Payette, 1986). Fewer studies examine the demand for and the use of volunteer labor by organizations that receive it (Emanuele, 1996; Handy & Srinivasan, 2005). However, not surprisingly there exists a strong demand for volunteer labor; given it's relatively low cost and individuals willing to supply unpaid labor. For example, 93% of volunteers are engaged by 161,000 nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in Canada (Statistics Canada, 2004 b). In the United States, a national study found 80% of charities use volunteers (Hager, 2004). Disciplines Nonprofit Administration and Management Comments Postprint version. Published in Vrijwillige Inzet Onderzoch, Volume 4, supplement, March 2007, pages 91-100. Publisher URL: http://www.movisie.nl/intranet/docs/VIOTragedyoftheCommons.pdf This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/spp_papers/91 Handy, F., & J. Brudney. 2007. 'When to Use Volunteer Labor Resources? An Organizational Analysis for Nonprofit Management'. Vrijwillige Inzet Onderzocht (VIO, Netherlands) Jaargang 4, pp 91-100 When to Use Volunteer Labor Resources? An Organizational Analysis for Nonprofit Management Femida Handy, Ph.D. en Jeffrey L. Brudney, Ph.D. Introduction Volunteer labor is commonly used to produce many goods and services in our economy. Many studies examine the supply of volunteer labor and determine why and how individuals give their time without remuneration (Freeman, 1997; Menchik, & Weisbrod, 1987; Smith, 1994; Vaillancourt & Payette, 1986 ). Fewer studies examine the demand for and the use of volunteer labor by organizations that receive it (Emanuele, 1996; Handy & Srinivasan, 2005). However, not surprisingly there exists a strong demand for volunteer labor; given it's relatively low cost and individuals willing to supply unpaid labor. For example, 93% of volunteers are engaged by 161,000 nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in Canada (Statistics Canada, 2004 b). In the United States, a national study found 80% of charities use volunteers (Hager, 2004). Volunteers are an integral part of the labor force for many NPOs, and are regarded as co-producers alongside paid labor (Brudney, 1990, Ferris, 1984). Their importance in the economy has been underscored in a number of national and international studies (Weitzman, et al., 2002; Toppe, et al., 2002; Hall, 2000; Independent Sector, 2001; Salamon & Anheier, 1997). Why do some organizations rely on this labor? From an organizational perspective, larger NPOs usually combine volunteer labor with paid labor and capital to produce a desired output. As such, they receive the average unit of labor below market price; this arrangement allows pricing output at lower than market prices. Other kinds of donations, of money and in-kind goods and services, further allow the NPOs to sell their output at below market prices, or give it away free. Examples of NPOs in educational or health services or soup kitchens testify to this pricing. From the perspective of volunteers, these individuals provide unpaid services and receive non-monetary compensation in return. Volunteering can increase their human and social capital; on-the-job training and social connections made while volunteering can be profitable, augmenting their personal and professional status. For example, a volunteer in a professional association garners prestige and status from serving on the board. Survey research attests to the diversity and value of the benefits received by volunteers (Brudney, 2005; Kirsch, et al., 2000; Toppe, et al., 2002). Several studies show support for volunteers learning specific job skills as well as finding the opportunity to socialize (Schram and Dunsing, 1981;Vaillancourt and Payette, 1986; Fitch, 1987; Menchik andWeisbrod, 1987; Brown and Zahrly, 1989). Notwithstanding benefits, volunteers incur costs in providing volunteer labor, ranging from the opportunity cost of forgone wages or leisure time to out of pocket expenses such as childcare and transportation (Handy & Srinivasan, 2004; Chinman & Wandersman, 1999). From an organizational perspective, successful recruitment of volunteers requires attention to what volunteers get in exchange for their labor. Different organizations use volunteers differently, and thus the non-monetary rewards vary greatly by organization and the type of services it provides, and the nature of the volunteer work offered. Each type of volunteer duty is likely to attract a different kind of volunteer. Hence, recruitment and retention must vary depending on volunteers' incentives and contribution to the organization. In this article we focus on volunteers and organizations that utilize them. A recruitment strategy would be successful if the volunteer's aspirations were met by the organizational needs; demands of the organization are matched by the volunteer labor supply. Volunteer labor is best used when the net-benefits of using volunteer labor are positive to the organization, and the net-costs to the volunteer are minimized. Although organizations do not produce detailed cost-benefit analyses of using volunteers, studies show the benefit is positive. Similarly, although individuals do not do an analysis of net-costs when deciding to volunteer, volunteering should yield some benefits, albeit non-monetary. For example, hospitals using volunteers in


Contrary to accepted wisdom, rapid urban growth can leave communities permanently scarred, deeply in debt, with unaffordable housing, a lost sense of community, and sacrificed environmental quality. In this book, Fodor explodes the fundamental myth that growth is good for us and that more development will bring in more tax money, add jobs, lower housing costs, and reduce property taxes. Lively and well-illustrated, Better NOT Bigger provides insights, ideas, and tools to empower citizens to switch off their local "growth machine" by debunking the pro-growth rhetoric. Highly accessible to ordinary citizens as well as professional planners.


—Charge-trapping properties of SrTiO 3 with and without fluorine incorporation are investigated by using an Al / Al 2 O 3 / SrTiO 3 / SiO 2 / Si structure. The memory device with a fluorinated SrTiO 3 film shows promising performance in terms of large memory window (8.8 V) by ± 8-V sweeping voltage, large flatband-voltage ( V FB ) shift (2.5 V) at a low gate voltage of + 6 V for 1 ms, negligible V FB shift after 10 5 -cycle program/erase stressing, and improved data retention compared with that with- out fluorine treatment. These advantages can be associated with generated deep-level traps, reduced leakage path, and enhanced strength of the film due to the fluorine incorporation.


It is hypothesized that some autism is due to onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms during a critical period of infant socialization. It is argued that disruption of social gaze in infancy has the potential to undermine development of social interaction, meaningful language, and higher order cognitive abilities. Studies of infant–caregiver interaction and infant face preference are discussed to support the claim that attention to faces in early life plays a vital role in communicative development. Studies of social gaze behavior, face recognition, and identification of facial expression by persons with autism are reviewed as suggestive evidence pointing to a deficiency in early experience of faces. The core social and communicative deficits of autism may stem from disruption of infant social gaze. In contrast, the other core feature of autism, obsessive interests and repetitive activities, may be a direct manifestation of the underlying neuropsychiatric disorder.


Purpose This paper aims to understand the use of strategic planning tools and techniques and the nature of its relationship with managers' views of the strategic planning process in hotels. Design/methodology/approach A review of the literature relating to both strategic planning and strategic planning tools and techniques in both developed and emerging markets is provided. The empirical research was conducted via a questionnaire survey of Jordanian hotels in two cities; namely, Petra and Aqaba. Findings The main findings of this research are that the Jordanian hotels engage in the strategic planning process by using a number of techniques. The use of strategic planning tools and techniques relate more to the size of hotel and less to age and ownership type. There is a positive relationship between the use of strategic planning techniques and size of hotel. The managers of these hotels have generally positive attitudes to the strategic planning process. The managers who believe in the benefits of strategic planning engage more in the practice of it. competence analysis and value chain analysis. The findings also show little use of portfolio analysis, strategic planning software and experience curve analysis. The findings indicate that Jordanian hotels do not undertake the analysis of organisational culture, although strategy formulation and implementation is strongly affected by the culture of an organisation. Ultimately, strong cultures can either enhance or inhibit the ability of organisations to develop and execute effective strategies, depending on the indicate that the age of the hotel does not affect significantly the use of strategic planning tools and techniques. This result is consistent with the study of Aldehayyat and Anchor for Jordanian publicly quoted companies.The possible result is that while the ability of hotels to scan the environment and to forecast may well depend on its age, the newest hotels recruit personnel who have previous experience of the use of strategic planning tools. In The findings show no difference between the two ownership sectors regarding the use of strategic planning tools and techniques. Similar results were reported in Elbanna's (2007) study which found little differences between foreign organisations working in Egypt and local Egyptian organisations in the use of strategic planning tools. This suggests that it is the local business environment and managerial understanding/assumptions which influences the adoption of strategic planning tools and techniques more than the parentage of the organisation. The research findings show that the highest ranked statements in managers' views of strategic planning are that "strategic planning processes achieve a good fit (or alignment) between the external environment and the internal capability of the organisation", followed by "formal strategic planning is /would be an effective way to achieve improved financial performance". The lowest ranking statements regarding managers' views on strategic planning are that "strategic planning has resulted in rigidity and inflexibility of response to the changing environment", followed by "strategic planning has encouraged excessive bureaucracy", followed by "implementation of strategy has been effective". These results indicate that Jordanian hotel managers have a positive attitude


This paper studies on the technology application and craft of printing process of high-grade anti-counterfeiting scratchcard invoice. The secondary flexographic additional printing process for scratchcard invoice was designed and used; also covering lottery information area printing technology with UV scratchcard ink was applied. This technology is very suitable for the high-grade anti-counterfeiting scratchcard invoice printing process, and can ensure the scratchcard invoice privacy and security, also meet user requirement. This technology provides new ideas for new-style high-grade anti-counterfeiting scratchcard invoice printing and production.


This article is the conclusion of a two-part series on managing the difficult diabetic patient. In this section, problems with insulin kinetics are reviewed, including issues with absorption, duration of effect and anti-insulin antibodies. Guidelines about selecting an appropriate insulin type are provided for both dogs and cats, along with background information about the expected behaviour of the common types used in these species. A detailed approach to the insulin-resistant patient is described, along with specific suggestions for the evaluation of apparent insulin resistance. Unrelated hypoglycaemic disorders are also discussed.


A system and method for selectively filtering web page contents are disclosed. In one example embodiment a document object model (DOM) structure and visual information of the web page contents are generated. The document object model (DOM) structure and the visual information are analyzed to determine multiple web page content attributes. One or more filtering parameters are selected from the multiple web page content attributes. The web page is filtered based on the one or more filtering parameters.


Time reversal technique is investigated for health monitoring. The propagation characteristics of Lamb waves in plate-like structure, with emphasis on group velocity and characteristic wave curves are investigated theoretically. The measured signal were decomposed by matching pursuit to enhance the time reversibility of Lamb wave in plate-like structure, the result shows that the defect signals is easy to recognize, then a damage imaging technique is developed by using the time reversal method.


Under natural atmospheric conditions (at 45–55% RH and 25–30 °C) three sea-salt samples have been obtained by evaporation of sea waters from the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Dead Sea, respectively, and then studied by XPS. The results show that the salt surfaces are enriched in Mg2+ ions as the Na+ ion amount is ~6 and ~20 times lower than that of the Mg2+ ions in the Black sea and Mediterranean Sea samples, respectively. Also enriched content of Brions in all crystallized sea salts with respect to the chlorine concentration on the surface has been measured. Bromine ions are supposed to be localized in the top surface layer. Probably the first step of the crystallization sequence includes the formation of NaCl crystallites, followed by creation of a layer containing mainly MgCl2 and MgSO4 compounds. Additionally, this layer contains K+ ions, (HCO3) and (CO3) groups and also Ca2+ ions in the case of Dead Sea salt. Relatively high surface concentrations of the (HCO3) and (CO3) anions have been detected. Therefore, these ions together with the surface localized Branions could play a significant role in the interaction dynamics on the surface of crystalized sea salts.


This paper presents a proposed adaptive impedance control that derived based on Center of Mass (CoM) of the hexapod robot for walking on the bottom of water or seabed. The study has been carried out by modeling the buoyancy force following the restoration force to a
chieve the drowning level according to the Archimedes' principle. The restoration force need to be positive in order to ensure robot locomotion is not affected by buoyancy factor. As for this force control solution, impedance control has been derived based on the total of for ce of foot placement to consider CoM of the robot during walking period. This derived impedance control is design for the real-time based 4 degree of freedom (DoF)
leg configuration of hexapod robot model. The scope of analysis is focus on walking on the varied stiffness of undersea bottom soil with tripod walking pattern. The verification is done on the vertical foot motion of the leg and the body mass coordination movement during walking period. The results shows that proposed impedance control able to control the force restoration factor by making vertical force on each foot bigger enough (sufficient foot placement) if compare to the buoyancy force of the ocean, thus performing stable tripod walking on the seabed with uncertain stiffness.


Semantic segmentation is a key step in scene understanding for any autonomous system, as it provides the class of each pixel of an image. The best results on this task are achieved by deep neural networks, however they require in training a significant number of annotated frames which are difficult to create. This work is focused on improving the semantic segmentation network on sparsely labeled video sequences by including optical flow information between consecutive frames, and to provide a meaningful evaluation using densely labeled sequences. The system is composed of a static semantic segmentation, an optical flow and a linking network, which are chosen from existing architectures based on their high accuracy and low computational needs, but were never used together before. After conducting various experiments on the novel Virtual KITTI 2 dataset, we find that the optical flow compensates for the sparsity of annotations in video training sets, and by using just 25% of the labels we achieve the same video semantic segmentation quality as the static network trained on the fully labeled dataset. Since fewer annotations are needed, the cost of ground truth generation is reduced significantly. Moreover, taking advantage of the optical flow ground truth availability, we find the limits of the flow approach despite future advances, when more accurate optical flow networks will be developed. The system's improved capabilities are also validated on the Cityscapes dataset.


The theory of cubic metrics plays an important role in the theory of space-time structure, gravitation and unified gauge field theories. In this paper, we study conformally flat weak Einstein cubic [Formula: see text]-metrics. We prove that such metrics must be either locally Minkowski metric or Riemannian metric.


The current treatment of massive pulmonary embolism (PE) has been either thrombolysis or surgical embolectomy. Recently, percutaneous rheolytic thrombectomy has emerged as an alternative treatment in patients with contraindications to thrombolysis. We describe a 45-year-old woman who developed major PE post-operatively, who was treated successfully with the AngioJet system. The principles of percutaneous rheolytic thrombectomy, its effectiveness and potential complications are discussed.


The bi-directional LLC resonant converter cannot realize the ZCS of the primary side when working in the reverse mode, which will generate a large spike voltage at both ends of the switch tube of the reverse primary side. Combined with the working mode of reverse LLC, this paper explains the causes of reverse spike voltage and oscillation in detail through time domain analysis, and improves the control method of reverse LLC resonant converter to make the resonant current participate in the resonance of the excitation inductor, so as to reduce the turn-off current and suppress the spike voltage and oscillation on both sides of the switch tube. Finally, the effectiveness of the synchronous rectification control strategy is verified by the simulation and experiment of 12V/125A1.5KW reverse LLC.


A design problem of non-uniform circular antenna arrays for maximum reduction of both the side lobe level (SLL) and first null beamwidth (FNBW) is dealt with. This problem is modeled as a simple optimization problem. The method of Bacteria foraging Optimization (BFO) is used to determine an optimal set of current excitation weights and antenna inter-element spacing that provide radiation pattern with maximum SLL reduction and much improvement on FNBW as well. Circular array antenna laying on x-y plane is assumed. BFO is applied on circular arrays of 8-, 10-, and 12- elements. Various simulation results are presented and hence performances of side lobe and FNBW are analyzed. Experimental results show considerable reductions of both the SLL and FNBW with respect to those of the uniform case and some standard algorithms GA [12], PSO [14] and SA [11] applied to the same problem.


Abstract Developments in capillary column liquid chromatography have been driven in part by the need to develop an effective interface between liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/ MS). Although the cost of commercial columns and pumping systems capable of gradient elution is relatively high, many aspects of the technology are relatively simple to do in house and easily adapted to existing instrumentation. The vacuum environment of the mass spectrometer can accept only a few microliters per minute of solvent flow. This can be accomplished by splitting higher flows or through the use of a novel pumping system that delivers gradients at low flow rates. The interface to the mass spectrometer is most easily accomplished using electrospray ionization. Electrospray has the advantage of producing multiply charged species that permit the analysis of large protein structures on mass spectrometers with limited mass range. Samples eluting from a capillary column are in an ideal form for electrospray mass spectrometry. Concentrations are high and components of interest have been separated from contaminants such as salts that interfere with the electrospray process. Thus, mass spectral analyses can be obtained on samples that are otherwise difficult or impossible to do. The accuracy of electrospray mass spectrometry is sufficient to monitor small changes in the masses of large proteins. This feature is very useful for studying the interactions of proteins with substrates and inhibitors. IC/MS analysis of peptide mixtures resulting from enzyme digestion of large proteins is very useful for rapidly confirming the sequence of recombinant proteins. When combined with automated methods of obtaining fragment ion spectra on individual peptides during an LC/MS run, it is possible to very quickly determine the location of single amino acid changes in mutant proteins.


UTE Technique Spoiled GE Multi-spin echo Spoiled GE k-space encoding Cartesian Cartesian 3D radial Excitation slice selective slice selective non-selective Flip angle [°] 20 90 10 Echo time [ms] 2 8.1 0.05 Repetition time [ms] 3.8 625 4.7 Pixel BW [Hz] 500 240 800 # echoes 1 16 1 Acquired res. [mm3] 2.5x2.5x5 0.4x0.4x1 0.8x0.8x0.8 Recon res. [mm3] 1.5x1.5x5 0.4x0.4x1 0.5x0.5x0.5 Field of view [mm3] 300x300x200 230x230x8 80x80x80 Scan time 0:51 5:32 9:50 Table I: MRI Acquisition Protocol


By analyzing data of more than 1,000 initial coin offerings (ICOs) obtained from seven different ICO information platforms, we investigate the effectiveness of signals used by entrepreneurs to foster ICO funding success. In particular, we examine the effectiveness of venture quality (human capital), level of uncertainty (entrepreneurs ' self-ef fi cacy and ambiguity reduction), and level of familiarity among potential investors (media presence). Results imply that media presence and entrepreneurs ' self-ef fi cacy are effective signals in the ICO market and thus can increase funding success. Project initiators who communicate (more actively) via social media collect more funds than those who do not. Analogously, entrepreneurs appearing self-ef fi cacious with regard to the quality of their venture receive more funds.


Characterization of disinfection process using quaternary ammonium salts grafted cellulose fiber was carried out with E. coli as a model bacteria. A rapid adsorption of E. coli. on the grafted fiber was identified, as indicated by the dramatic reduction of the concentration of viable cells in the suspensions. The adsorption as function of the fiber input indicates the dominating role of the electrostatic interaction between the fiber and E. coli. cell surface. The determination of oxygen uptake rate (OUR) was introduced to characterize the growth of E. coli. on the fiber surface. The adsorption of E. coli. on the fiber surface was observed with. scanning electron microscope (SEM), which showed the lysis of cell envelope along with the processing. The results obtained in the present, study show that the disinfection process is composed by two steps, in which the first step, i. e. the adsorption of E. coli. on the fiber surface driven by electrostatic interaction, is a fast reaction. While cell lysis, the second step, is a relatively slow reaction. The present study also shows the potential of OUR and SEM as fundamental tools in the development of antibacterial materials.


The package of the High-end Relay Protection Chip is Wire Bonding BGA (WBBGA) with 257 inputs/outputs (I/Os). This paper investigated the thermal performance of the High-end Relay Protection Chip using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool. Firstly, according to the initial thermal simulation results, the junction temperature of the package was 115.29 °C appeared on the Relay Protection chip as the environment temperature was 25 C. Then a parametric study was performed to investigate the junction temperatures. We analysed the influence of different parameters on the thermal performance, including Via count, Via coating thickness, Substrate area, Copper coating rate of substrate, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) area, Heat transfer coefficient of epoxy molding compound (EMC) and die attach (DA). Finally, an orthogonal experiment was designed. It's found that the heat transfer coefficient of DA was the most significant factor on the thermal performance by variance analysis, in addition, an optimal collocation of the package structure and material parameters was obtained by range analysis. The junction temperature of the optimal package was reduced to 95.69 °C by 17%. The results of these simulations give a reasonable indication of how the package would perform in a Relay Protection equipments


To provide a method for producing a glucose solution. The invention relates to the starch component of wheat such grains, for example rye, a method for producing a glucose solution through the grain triticale or especially wheat. The present invention further provides the glucose produced for the fermentation is prepared by the process of the present invention from the starch component of wheat such grains, also relates to a process for the preparation of organic compounds by glucose fermented. .BACKGROUND


Play in learning can enhance student engagement with course content. One way to integrate play into learning environments is through game-based activities. As College of Education instructors, the authors want to engage learners and also model resources that their students can use when they become professionals teaching their own students. Breakout EDU is a game-based educational translation of the popular immersive entertainment experience of escape rooms. In this chapter, the authors will explore how Breakout EDU can be used in online and face-to-face higher education courses to engage students in learning and model a resource that pre-service teachers can use in their future teaching.


The purpose of the present study was to obtain treatment acceptability ratings from social workers whose client contacts include a high percentage of persons age 60 or older. Social workers were presented with written scenarios depicting a 75‐year‐old woman with a behavior problem. The client in the case varied by cognitive capacity (nondemented or experiencing dementia), living situation (living with a family caregiver or in a nursing home), and presenting problem (aggression, verbal abuse, or noncompliance). Using Kazdin's (1980) Treatment Evaluation Inventory, participants rated three treatments: positive reinforcement, time out from positive reinforcement, and haloperidol. Although ratings for time out varied by presenting problem, the highest acceptability for each type of behavior problem was assigned to the positive reinforcement condition, followed by time out, with the lowest ratings associated with haloperidol.


We consider Gaussian ensembles of m complex N × N matrices. We identify an enhanced symmetry in the system and the resultant closed subsector, which is naturally associated with the radial sector of the theory. The density of radial eigenvalues is obtained in the large N limit. It is of the Wigner form only for m = 1. For m ⩾ 2, a new form of the density is obtained.


Little is known about how managers interpret and elaborate strategic stimuli into further decision-making activities in novel, unstructured situations. Protocol analysis was conducted among a small sample of experienced managers and novices (managers to be) exposed to unstructured, strategic stimuli situations. The observed activities were found to partly deviate from decision making as portrayed in the research literature. Remarkable differences were also found between experts and novices in their interpretations and elaborations of strategic stimuli. Managerial and theoretical implications of the reported findings are highlighted.


Studies of the projection from the vertebrate retina have contributed significantly to current concepts of neural development. The zebrafish has recently become a favored system for the study of development in general and neural development in particular. Although the development of both the optic nerve and the retinotectal projection of the zebrafish has been described, the retinofugal projection in its entirety has not. This paper describes it and also addresses the issue of projectional exuberance: i. e., transient projections to targets that are not innervated in the adult.


This article studies the environmental impacts of cellulase production by using a comparative attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) of two different scenarios of production. The first one is the commonly used submerged fermentation (SmF) using a pure substrate (cellulose powder) and a specific microorganism (Trichoderma reesei). The second scenario considers a novel system to produce enzymes and simultaneously treat a waste using the solid-state fermentation (SSF) process of coffee husk (CH) used as substrate. Experimental data were used in this scenario. The complete production process was studied for these two technologies including the fermentation phase and the complete downstream of cellulase. Life cycle inventory (LCI) data were collected from the database EcoInvent v3 (SimaPro 8.5) modified by data from literature and pilot scale experiments. The environmental impacts of both production systems revealed that those of SmF were higher than those of SSF. A sensitivity analysis showed that the results are highly conditioned by the energy use in the form of electricity during lyophilization, which is needed in both technologies. The results point to a possible alternative to produce the cellulase enzyme while reducing environmental impacts.


Christine Thomas and Caroline Hahn 178 pages, paperback, £32.29. Saunders Elsevier. 2012. ISBN 978 0 70203 482 4

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THIS is an enjoyable and informative book. It is written by an associate professor of comparative physiology and anatomy (Christine Thomas) and a senior lecturer in clinical neuroscience (Caroline Hahn) who is an experienced clinical neurologist with particular expertise in large animal neurology. It is useful to compare it with others in the field. Currently, I feel that Miller's Anatomy of the Dog offers the best topographical neuroanatomical descriptions; DeLahunta and Glass Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology integrates functional anatomy and its diseases excellently, while King's 1987 publication (Physiology and Clinical Anatomy of the Domestic Mammals, vol 1: The central nervous …

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