cubic meters (m 3 ) cubic hectometers (hm 3 ) cubic hectometers (hm 3 ) cubic meters per second (m 3 /s) cubic meters per second (m 3 /s) A Decree of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954 established the position of Delaware River Master. The Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs of the City of New York to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. Reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually, were stipulated. The 1982 report year, December 1, 1981 to November 30, 1982, was a year of below-normal precipitation and much below-average runoff in the Delaware River basin. At the beginning of the year, operations were under a status of emergency resulting from drought which had been declared by the Delaware River Basin Commission in its Resolution No. 81-1. The emergency was lifted April 27. The annual flow of Delaware River at Montague, adjusted for change in reservoir storage and diversions was 19 percent below median. Diversions from the reservoirs of the City of New York were made within the terms of the Amended Decree during the year and to conform to a reduced rate of 680 mgd November 13-30 to conserve the water supply in the reservoirs during a drought-warning status. Additional conservation measures were introduced during the year, viz., the release of the excess quantity was 17 deferred December 1 to March 15; directed releases for anticipated deficiencies at Montague were reduced on 2 days during December 1 to April 27 for earlier credits; and beginning November 13, the design rate at Montague was lowered to 1,655 cfs during a drought-warning status. By resolutions of the Commission, minimum releases during the y.ear conformed to those of the Memorandum of Agreement of June 27, 1977. Diversions by New Jersey through the Delaware 5 Raritan Canalwere within prescribed limits of the Amended Decree and within the reduction adopted for November 13-30. The combined usable contents of Pepacton, Cannonsville and Neversink Reservoirs on December 1, 1981, was 49.7 percent, and on November 30, 1982, the combined contents was 34.3 percent of capacity. The reservoirs reached a maximum combined storage of 101.2 percent of capacity April 23 and a minimum of 34.1 percent November 29. Precipitation Precipitation observed on the basin above Montague for the 1982 report year was below normal, totaling 38.13 inches. Precipitation for June was excessive while those for July, August and October were deficient. The monthly precipitation during the report year is shown in the following table: Precipitation, in inches Delaware River basin above Montague, N.J. December 1940 to November 1981 Month Average December January February March April May June July August September October November 12 months 3.47 2.94 2.78 3.31 3.62 4.11 3.92 4.10 3.99 3.75 3.41 3.70 43.10 December 1981 to November 1982 Amount 3.43 2.94 3.44 2.65 4.49 3.02 5.54 2.33 2.47 2.42 1.22 4.18 38.13 Percentage of average 99 100 124 80 124 73 141 57 62 65 36 113 88 I/ Schaefer F.T., and Fish, R.E., Report of the River Master of the Delaware River, 1977, U.S. Geol. Survey.


Photodynamic therapy (PDT) provides an alternative option to root out localized Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and has been experiencing a surge of research interest over recent years. In this study,...


Minimum horizontal stress is a key input parameter for many rock physical models – Hydraulic fracturing, lateral well design, wellbore stability etc. Inaccurate stress magnitudes might not provide the sensitivity necessary to determine the stress barriers above and below pay zones. Full evaluation of the multiple models assists to ultimately provide better understanding fracture network. Static and dynamic mechanical core properties were measured in several places along the length of a vertical core in an unconventional shale reservoir. The properties include Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, ultrasonic compressional/shear acoustic velocity and the Mohr failure parameters of friction angle and cohesion, stiffness parameters and Biot coefficients. Utilizing the determined mechanical properties the minimum horizontal stress (Sh) was estimated using the following models Ben Eaton – isotropic and anisotropic, modified Ben Eaton with correction factor, Vernik, Jaeger and Cook, Hubbert and Willis, Thiercelin – MC envelope and stiffness tensors (Cij), Segall and Penebaker An isotropic/anisotropic comparison was completed to better understand the amount of anisotropy. Software has been developed to enhance the process of determining in-situ stresses and evaluate the effects of various parameters affecting the calculation such as estimated gradients and Biot assumption. The focus of this presentation is to calibrate vertical sonic logs (Vp0, Vs0) using core data, determine three independent pseudo velocity logs (Vp45, Vp90 and Vs90), obtain dynamic to static correlations necessary to develop an estimated continuous anisotropic mechanical stress profile.


Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is a case that made the heart stop pumping the blood. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) are the major causes that lead to cardiac arrest. To treat SCA, a defibrillator device is used to return the heart to its normal sinus rhythm. The main generation of the defibrillator is the manual type which has many limitations involved., It requires the physician's instruction to determine the patient state and the amount of joule required; therefore, it is preferable to design an auto defibrillator. The aim of this paper is to design a hardware implementation system of auto dc-shock utilized in the emergency case for diagnosing patient case and recovering the normal state of the heart. This prototype consists of five main parts, including the diagnosing system, high voltage section, charging unit, discharging unit, and safety unit. The output of diagnosing system is followed by charging and discharging period in order to get a suitable amount of joule according to patient situation of 50, 100, 120, and 150 joule discharged on the patient body by using a biphasic system provided by safety mode circuit so that the discharge process automatically happens in the case of not discharged on the patient body. The proposed diagnosing system in hardware design was tested on several patients in Ibn al-Nafis hospital and healthy patients at home and the accuracy was achieved of 97.03%, specificity is 97.8%, and the detection error rate is 3.09%.


Let {ξ(t),t≥0} be a stationary Gaussian process with E(ξ(t))=0,E(ξ~2(t))=1,E(ξ(0)ξ(t))=r(t).When r(t)logtr∈(0,∞) and r(t) converges to zero monotonely,the limiting distribution of M(T)=sup{ξ(t),t≥0} has been obtained in this paper.


Intercalibration of QuikSCAT and OSCAT Land Backscatter John Colin Barrus Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Master of Science The Ku-band SeaWinds-on-QuikSCAT scatterometer (QuikSCAT) operated continuously from 1999 to 2009. Though its primary mission was to estimate global ocean winds, QuikSCAT has proven useful in a variety of geophysical studies using land backscatter measurements. The end of the primary QuikSCAT mission in 2009 has prompted interest for continuing the QuikSCAT land dataset with other scatterometers. The Oceansat-2 scatterometer (OSCAT), launched in 2009, is a viable candidate for continuing the QuikSCAT time series because of the similarities of both sensors in function and design. An important difference in the sensors is that they operate at slightly different incidence angles. Continuing the time series requires careful cross-calibration of the two sensors. Because the sensor datasets overlapped by only a few weeks in late 2009, the amount of simultaneous data is insufficient to describe temporal and locational variations in the relative calibration, or difference between QuikSCAT and OSCAT measurements. To overcome this limitation, we perform direct and model-based comparisons of temporally-disjoint QuikSCAT and OSCAT global land measurements to describe the relative calibration. Using homogeneous rainforest targets, we also identify drift and azimuthal biases in the OSCAT dataset and present suggestions for removing them. The relative calibration is found to vary locationally by several tenths of a decibel over certain regions. Evidence is presented that suggests the relative calibration is dependent on environmental factors such as vegetation density and freeze-thaw status and results from the different incidence angles of the measurements.


Induced (anthropogenic) earthquakes are caused by reactivation of pre-existing faults due to human activities, including hydraulic fracturing and saltwater disposal. The Montney play, the pre-eminent shale gas play in Canada, contains localized regions with
relatively high geological susceptibility to induced seismicity. Identification of potential seismogenic structures is hindered because published fault maps in the Montney play are often focused on small areas, leading to inconsistencies when these are compiled across the region. We have developed a
regional framework based on structural corridors: complex, multi-strand faults systems. A three-step structural interpretation workflow was used, including seismic and structural interpretation along with trend surface analysis (TSA). This approach was used to identify 34 structural corridors in NE
BC and NW Alberta.


The radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the valve hall of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) station must be limited below a certain value to ensure the normal operation of the equipment and the safety of the engineers. In this paper, a method for predicting the radiated EMI is proposed, which takes all the necessary factors, such as the physics-based characteristics for IGBT module, sub-module topology, and converter space structure into consideration. This method involves the improved physical model of semiconductor devices, which discards the non-physical feedback parameter introduced by some previous research. At the same time, through the decoupling of the submodule and the bridge arm circuit, the order of the large-scale system is reduced so that the sub-modules can be calculated in parallel, greatly reducing the overall calculation burden of the model and accelerating the nonlinear small time-step simulation. The wideband characteristics of the converter valve tower are fully considered, with each of the bridge arms regarded as a two-port network with independent sources. The parameter integration and distribution process can also achieve complete parallel calculation. The converter valve tower is modeled as a complex antenna structure with the output voltage of each sub-module as the excitation, the calculation of near-field radiation intensity for the converter valve tower is performed in Alteir FEKO. The measurement conducted inside an actual 49-level converter station verifies the accuracy of the model.


Most people who come to our offices can handle the paradox that there's more inside of them than they can put into words—"more than meets the eye"—without intrinsic emotional isolation. They can be both in the world and separate from it as a unitary self-experience. Some, however, experience their private inner world and their engagement with day-to-day life as separate and totally unrelated events, each in its own way an exhausting labor of emotional survival. Much of the therapy involves the creation of transitional space that can embrace both otherness and selfhood, and for such patients the analytic process triggers an internal war between inharmonious aspects of self into which the analyst is inevitably drawn. Regardless of diagnosis, patients in this group are most often the ones we experience as "difficult," and pretty much from the beginning of my career I was drawn toward working with so-called difficult patients. My appetite for it doesn't seem to have abated. I continue to learn the most from individuals whose declaration that "there's more to them than meets the eye" is for one part of the self a battle cry and for another a plaintive cry to be known.


A critical investigation of the relationship between the floating gate and the accessible terminal voltages reveals that the gate coupling coefficient is overestimated by the traditional expressions obtained from the approximate analysis of the subthreshold slope and the linear transconductance techniques. The investigation further indicates that the subthreshold slope technique is preferred, because the corrections can be easily estimated using the results of auxiliary measurements involving the source and drain coupling coefficients.<<ETX>>


Background: To reduce AIDS related mortality in children, adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is critical. However, little is known about factors associated with ART adherence among children in Tanzania. The objective of this study therefore, was to assess the ART adherence among HIV infected under-fives in Dar es Salaam and identify factors associated with their adherence to ART. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in three municipal hospitals of Mwananyamala, Amana and Temeke in Dar es Salaam region. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the caretakers/children from the daily appointment list obtained from the clinic until the sample size was reached. Caretakers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data was entered into the computer using excel sheet and then analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Descriptive, bivariate analysis and multiple Logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The study population comprised of HIV positive under-five children attending the three Municipal Hospitals. Out of the 172 under-five sampled, 77 (44.8%) were males. This study found that only a small proportion (35%) of children had an optimal ART adherence in the one month preceding the study. Majority of caretakers, 121 (70.4%) had adequate knowledge on HIV and adherence issues. Caretakers who were housewives were four-fold more likely to adhere (OR, 4.89, 95% CI, 2.08, 11.51) compared with children from caretakers who were businessmen or women. Receiving care from Amana municipal hospital and Mwananyamala municipal hospital was associated with lower rates of adherence compared to those from Temeke municipal hospital. Conclusions and recommendation: While the levels of ART adherence among under-five children in the three municipal hospitals were low, it was found that under-fives from the caretakers who were housewives had a significantly higher adherence rates compared to caretakers who were businessmen/women. Special interventions targeting caretakers who spend more time outside home are needed to increase adherence on ART for the under-fives.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticoccidial activity of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Anogeissus leiocarpus. To do this, 100 broilers were divided into 4 batches of 25 chickens. At 8th day of age, the chickens of groups B, C and D were infected orally with 10.000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. Then, chickens of groups C and D were treated respectively with 10g/L of A. leiocarpus and 0.2g/L of Vetacox S®. The results showed that the aqueous extract of A. leiocarpus significantly improved (p< 0.05) weight growth, weight gain of group C compared to group B. In addition, the aqueous extract of A. leiocarpus significantly reduced (p< 0.05) oocyst number and lesion score of group C compared to group B. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of A. leiocarpus could be used in the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis caused by E. tenella.


Rationale: Increases in cosmetic laser use have led to recent reports of accidental retinal injuries, most of which are limited to the posterior pole. We report a case of peripheral retinal injury caused by a 1064-nm Nd:YAG: neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet. Patient concerns: A 27-year-old Asian woman was admitted with scotoma symptoms in her right eye. The patient was a skin care technician. Three days before admission, a laser beam had struck her eye while she was preparing for a laser procedure. Diagnosis: During fundus examination, a subretinal hemorrhage with disc diameter (DD) of 4.0 and a preretinal hemorrhage of 2.5 DD in its center were found in the 2 o'clock position of the peripheral retina in the right eye. Interventions: We monitored the injury for > 6 months, first using fluorescein angiography, then wide-field scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography. Oral steroids and vitamins were administered. Outcomes: During the 6-month follow-up period, blood from the initial sub- and preretinal hemorrhage, as well as vitreous hemorrhage, were all absorbed. Retinal detachment was not observed as scar formation and adhesions had occurred. No interventions were considered necessary. Lessons: When treating a patient who has experienced laser eye injury, the possibility of peripheral retinal injury should be considered. Peripheral retinal injury caused by 1064-nm Nd:YAG: neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet has a relatively good prognosis, suggesting that it will not progress to retinal detachment.


Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial in innate immunity. They recognize pathogens (PAMPs) or tissue damage (DAMs), activating signaling pathways that lead to release of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines as a defense mechanism against invaders. In the nervous system, TLRs are mainly expressed in glial cells, where their over-activation by DAMs from neural damage results in production of pro-inflammatory molecules (cytokines, miRNAs and chemokines) which in turn, induce neuroinflammation and participate in neurodegeneration. We discuss the critical role of the TLRs response in several neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Ischemic stroke, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and alcohol-induced brain damage)


In this paper we describe SP-ACT, a hybrid framework for the derivation of high-level activity interpretations in context-aware environments, by defining a combination of OWL ontologies and SPARQL CONSTRUCT graph patterns. More specifically, the native semantics of OWL is used to formally represent and integrate activity-related information originated from different data sources, whereas SPARQL (SPIN) rules further aggregate activities so as to derive highlevel activity abstractions. The goal of the hybrid framework is to address the limitations of the ontology-based context modelling paradigm in domains that require the recognition of complex context elements, namely, the lack of support for (i) temporal reasoning and (ii) new named individual assertions.


A simple quantitative motional emf experiment. The induced voltage is recorded in this computer-based experiment as a coil is moved through the field of a permanent magnet. Results compare closely with predicted values.


This study examined changes in undergraduate students' language mindsets and academic writing competence as a result of taking a one-semester English for academic purposes (EAP) writing course with a pre–post intervention on mindset. A total of 319 students participated in the study and completed a 10-week EAP course. The participants were administered the mindset questionnaire and the writing test at two different time-points. The results showed that the participants' level in one component of growth language mindset (general language intelligence beliefs), and scores on the writing test increased significantly. The results of the latent profile analysis revealed three distinctive profiles among the participants at both time-points: Growth profile, Mixed profile, and Fixed profile. The Growth and Mixed profiles were found to perform significantly better than the Fixed profile on the writing tests. Finally, the result of a latent transition analysis revealed that dynamic shifts in the profile membership could occur through the mindset intervention.


The disinfection of drinking water is very important for public health. Conventional process of disinfection of drinking water requires addition of substances in the water, which can generate toxic compounds, such as the trialomethanes (THM). The trialomethanes are formed by reaction of the chlorine with the organic substances present in water. The electrolytic treatment can replace the addition of chlorine during water disinfection. This treatment does not require addition of substances. Also it is easily automatized and requires a small space. This treatment has low operational cost. The aim of this study is to compare the electrolytic treatment using carbon titanium and TiRuO 2 electrodes in the Bacillus subtilis's survival ratio. B. subtilis's suspensions, in phosphate buffer pH 7.2, were electrolyzed by a carbon, titanium or TiRuO 2 electrodes as cathode. A platinum foil covered by a dialysis membrane was used as anode. After the application of 0.60A DC, at different times of electrolysis, in the B. subtilis's suspension were determinate: the survival ratio, the pH and the temperature. The results allow to conclude that the carbon electrode reduces the survival ratio of the B. subtilis about 99.999% after 30 min of electrolytic treatment and the titanium and TiRuO 2 electrodes did not show significant reduction in the survival ratio after 45 min of electrolysis.


The purpose of this study was to determine the value of performance at both novice (low) and medium levels of show jumping competition for predicting genetic merit for high level performance ability. Show jumping performances, consisting of 258 526 records from 9956 horses in 11 945 national competitions from 1993 to 1998 inclusive were divided into three levels, namely high, medium and low (novice). For the purpose of analysis, performance at each of these levels was regarded as performance in three different traits. The measure of performance used in the genetic evaluation of show jumping horses in Ireland is obtained by ranking all performances in all competitions. The rank is based on the number of faults incurred and the length of time taken to complete each round of competition. The heritability of performance at these three levels and the genetic correlation between levels were used to estimate the predictive value of performances at the lower levels for genetic merit for high level performance. The genetic correlations between these traits and their heritabilities were estimated using reml vce. The genetic correlation between high and low levels was 0.69 (standard error ( se) 0.07), between medium and low 0.97 ( se 0.02) and between medium and high 0.83 ( se 0.05). The heritability of performance at high level was 0.10 ( se 0.01), at medium level 0.08 ( se 0.01) and at low level 0.07 ( se 0.01). These estimates indicate that low (novice) and medium levels can be useful in predicting an animal's potential genetic merit for high level performance.


Seesaw movement is the alternatively differential elevation and subsidence movement that happened under different stress field in the same place during geologic history. The seesaw movement controls the multiple hydrocarbon expulsion of source rocks, the development and reconstruction of reservoir quality, the migration and preservation of hydrocarbon. The kinematic equilibrium belt is the relatively stable areas and also favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation during seesaw movements. In order to identify quantatively the boundary of kinematic equilibrium belt, in this paper, Tarim Basin is taken as an example to identify kinematic equilibrium belt using average erosion thickness. After statistic analyzing the relation between average erosion thickness and daily production of exploration wells of main target layers, it is found that the average erosion thickness between 50m and 200m is the most favorable range for hydrocarbon accumulation. When the average erosion thickness is too large or too small, it is not favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. On the basis of recovering the average erosion thickness, the kinematic equilibrium belt of Tarim basin is identified in different hydrocarbon accumulation periods. Most of the hydrocarbon occurrence is closely related to kinematic equilibrium belt.


Social Movements, Intentional Communities and the Decolonization of the Lifeworld: An Introductory Statement Reflecting on Community Reconstructing the Multiple: Social Movement Theory and Civil Society Surfing the Chaotic: A Non-Linear Articulation of Social Movement The Utopian Imaginary: Intentional Communities, Critical Memory and the Persistence of Resistance Conclusion: Embracing Heterogeneity Bibliography Index


We present a distributed image based robot (re)-localization system with four non-stereo monocular cameras using a deep Convolutional Network (Convnet). Our system trains the well known Posenet (Kendall et al 2015) CNN architecture, with minor changes, for regressing the position of a ground robot using a compound image, consisting of images from four non-stereo monocular cameras mounted on the robotic platform. The training of the network is done end-to-end without the need for any special feature engineering to handle the compound image input. Our results show that there is significant advantage to using a compound image obtained from multiple cameras with non-overlapping field of view (non-stereo) as compared to using images from single cameras for image based localization. The compound-image based training yields median accuracy of 12 cm in an indoor environment which is at least twice as good as the results obtained using the same network trained on monocular image inputs.


There are many elements and factors that intervene to affect the quality of the coastal areas as all and none of them, taken individually, seems fundamental in defining the characteristics and to determine in a coherent way the risk associated to its use. Despite evident successes in the protection of public health, the present approach to the regulation of bathing water quality suffers several limitations. Difficulties in risk assessment due to the use of indicators of faecal contamination as parameters stated by law are discussed.


Periportal and perivenous hepatocytes are heterogeneous as to their outfit with enzymes and subcellular structures. The influence of different physiological oxygen concentrations on gene expression was studied in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes.

1
In 24-cultures the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase andtyrosine aminotransferase, which are predominantly located in periportal cells, were increased by glucagons(0.1 μmol/1)within 4 h to higher levels under 13%(v/v)oxygen in the gas atmosphere (mimicking arterial oxygen concentrations)than under 6%(v/v)oxygen (mimicking venous oxygen concentrations). The increase was due to enzyme induction as indicated by its prevention with cycloheximide or actinomycin D and by direct immunochemical titration.

2
Half-maximal induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and tyrosine aminotransferase was obtained under high and low oxygen tensions with glucagons concentrations around 0.5 nmol/1.

3
The induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and tyrosine aminotransferase by glucagons showed a sigmoidal rather than a linear dependence on oxygen tension; the range of highest sensitivity was found to be between 8% and 11% oxygen(v/v).

4
The oxygen dependence of the induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and tyrosine aminotransferase was probably specific and did not reflect a general impairment of energy metabolism. In the hapatocytes cultured under 13% and 6% oxygen (v/v) a)the adenine nucleotide levels were essentially the same the energy charge being 0.89;(b)the oxygen consumption was similar, 2.42±0.10 and 2.27±0.26μmol min −1wet weight −1; and (c)incorporation of [14] leucine into cellular protein as a measure of general protein synthesis amounted to 6.9 ±0.38 and 6.0 ± 0.4. nmol min −1mg DNA−1.

The present results demonstrate that different physiological oxygen tensions can modulate the induction of liver enzymes and can thus contribute to the heterogeneity of hapatocytes.


Objective:To study the effects of Myocardial ultrastructure of capillary vessel during intermittent hypoxia training.Methods:Myocardial ultrastructure of capillary vessel were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results:Acute hypoxic stress could induce myocardial ultrastructure damage.The damages to the rats exposed to hyˉpoxia with4-week training were alleviated.Conclusion:The severest damages in acute hypoxic exercise groups may be caused by exercise together with hypoxia.The results indicate that there was close relationship between the damˉages of myocardial ultrastructure and hypoxia,and the results suggest that training could protect myocardial cells from injury induced by hypoxia.


As a dedicated quantum device, Ising machines could solve large-scale binary optimization problems in milliseconds. There is emerging interest in utilizing Ising machines to train feedforward neural networks due to the prosperity of generative artificial intelligence. However, existing methods can only train single-layer feedforward networks because of the complex nonlinear network topology. This paper proposes an Ising learning algorithm to train quantized neural network (QNN), by incorporating two essential techinques, namely binary representation of topological network and order reduction of loss function. As far as we know, this is the first algorithm to train multi-layer feedforward networks on Ising machines, providing an alternative to gradient-based backpropagation. Firstly, training QNN is formulated as a quadratic constrained binary optimization (QCBO) problem by representing neuron connection and activation function as equality constraints. All quantized variables are encoded by binary bits based on binary encoding protocol. Secondly, QCBO is converted to a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem, that can be efficiently solved on Ising machines. The conversion leverages both penalty function and Rosenberg order reduction, who together eliminate equality constraints and reduce high-order loss function into a quadratic one. With some assumptions, theoretical analysis shows the space complexity of our algorithm is $\mathcal{O}(H^2L + HLN\log H)$, quantifying the required number of Ising spins. Finally, the algorithm effectiveness is validated with a simulated Ising machine on MNIST dataset. After annealing 700 ms, the classification accuracy achieves 98.3%. Among 100 runs, the success probability of finding the optimal solution is 72%. Along with the increasing number of spins on Ising machine, our algorithm has the potential to train deeper neural networks.


The effect of mesh stiffness on the dynamic response of face gear transmission system combining with backlash nonlinearity is studied. First, a nonlinear time-varying (NLTV) and a nonlinear time-invariant (NLTI) dynamic models of face gear transmission system with backlash nonlinearity are formulated. The 6DOF motion equations of the face gear pair considering the mesh stiffness, backlash, contact damping and supporting stiffness are proposed. Second, the effect of mesh stiffness on the dynamic response of the face gear drive system is analyzed with the numerical method, where the mesh stiffness is expressed in two patterns as time-varying form and time-invariant form. According to the comparative study, some significant phenomena as bifurcation, chaos, tooth separation and occurrence of multijump are detected. The results show that different forms of mesh stiffness generate an obvious change on the dynamic mesh force.


This study was conducted to analyze students" perception toward the inclusion of target culture in teaching English as a foreign language. The participants of this research study were English Department students who took American Culture and Literature as the Elective course of this Department. This study focused on analyzing students" opinion about target culture in their EFL learning. The findings showed that the students agree that target culture should be included and focused in EFL learning but still considers source culture to help the learners understand the target culture well. The other thing, which is showed in the analysis, is that the purpose of them learning English in order to be able to communicate with native speaker from the target language well. Also, the learners learn English in order to communicate with their surrounding communities (Indonesian communities) which use English in their communication. Pedagogical implication from the findings is that EFL curriculum planners could make EFL materials, which more focus on target culture but still considers on source culture because it can build learners" positive attitude toward learning the language. The other pedagogical implication is that teachers can consider students" positive and negative attitude toward learning culture that affect the teaching and learning process. They can make some strategies to build good atmosphere so that the learners can change their positive to be more positive and it can help them to get highly motivation in teaching learning process.


This protocol describes how to prepare brain slices for electrophysiology, with an emphasis on synaptic physiology in voltage clamp. This approach remains the gold standard for understanding the properties of individual neurons, as well as the connections between neurons.


Objective: To survey the resource of nematode- trapping fungi on submerged rotten wood from three streams of Cangshan and compare the distribution of nematode- trapping fungi between midstream and downstream. Methods: We collected 50 rotten wood from each part of creeks' middle and lower reaches of Cangshan—Black dragon creek,Lingquan creek and Wanhua creek,a total of rotten wood is300,then to prey on separation and identification of nematode- trapping fungi. Results: A total of 4 genera17 species were isolated. The dominant species of rotten wood are Arthrobotrys longiphorum and Dactylellina ellipsosporum. Conclusion: Freshwater rotten wood has a wealth resources of nematode- trapping fungi; the diversity of the nematode- trapping fungi in middle of brook is greater than the downstream's,downstream are greatly influenced by human factors,whose streams is turbider than middle's. What's more,there are household garbage and sewage in the downstream,which maybe the main reason causing distribution's decrease of nematode- trapping fungi.


Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening neurologic emergency associated commonly with the use of neuroleptic agents. In view of the high rate of fatality associated with it, urgent careful and adequate management is often required. To highlight the UPTH adopted protocol for the management of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. All the cases of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome managed between Jan, 2008–Dec, 2014 in the unit were retrieved and our adopted management protocol critically reviewed. The outcome of our locally adopted management approach of NMS has been largely successful with 100% success rate in all 7 cases managed in the last three (3) years. All our patients recovered without any neurologic sequelae and were scheduled for adequate follow – up after discharge.


The article analyses For the Best, referring to a research and development phase with chronically ill patients at both Evelina Children's Hospital and the Royal Liverpool Hospitals and professional performances at the Unicorn Theatre and Gostin's Building. the case study makes an argument for the careful nurturing of multiple partnerships, and draws on the findings of the external evaluation of the project. As such, it offers a specific overview of a performance emerging through a residential model, drawing out good practice that was identified by clinicians, partners and academics at symposia organised to coincide with the events. Such a model could be of value to other practitioners seeking to generate partnerships within health settings. However, the value of the residency itself is returned to as being of primary importance in the project model.

The article goes alongside an external evaluation I had conducted for the project, which reached over 120 school children, 45 patients in hospitals, and staff.


The second and the third movements are transitions from the first to the fourth movement in the Fourth Symphony of Brahms'. Its macroscopic structural function makes people temporarily give up the disturbed emotions and the noisy and annoying struggle. It makes them wallow in the recollections of the past and great joy. The second movement was composed in the form of sonata, which embodied Brahms' calm, cheerful and Romantic state of mind. The third movement is a radical scherzo, which reflects Brahms' other life experience. It also embodies the boiling vigor and the indignant zeal in his elated temperament.


In-situ timing monitoring-based adaptive voltage frequency scaling (AVFS) is effective in eliminating the timing margin. However, for wide-operating-range applications, one big challenge is that severe process, voltage, and temperature variations causes varying need for detection window. Therefore, a timing error prediction based AVFS method is proposed with on-chip detection window tuning to solve this problem. In addition, to cope with the area overhead problem, an activation-oriented monitoring paths selection method is proposed to decrease the insertion rate. Implemented on a 45-nm CMOS Bitcoin miner chip working across 0.6 V–1.1 V, it increases the throughput by 190.8%, 83.3%, 67.9%, and 25.4% at 0.6 V, 0.72 V, 0.9 V, and 1.1 V, respectively, for a typical die at 25 °C, compared to baseline frequencies. Measurement results demonstrate that our AVFS system is suitable for wide-operating-range applications.


The application of secondary-emission multiplication to conventional grid-controlled amplifier tubes is discussed from the viewpoints of practical voltage gain per stage of amplification, signal-to-noise ratio, and ultra-high-frequency applications. It is pointed out that the gain per stage is limited by the practical output current and the quotient of transconductance by current (N) and that electron multiplication increases the gain only as it permits the attaining of higher values of N. If the output current is assumed to be 20 milliamperes and N is taken as 1 milliampere per volt per milliampere, the output transconductance would be 20 milliamperes per volt-little, if any, better than could be achieved without multiplication. If N is assumed to be 11.6 (the theoretical maximum for conventional grid control with a cathode temperature of 1000 degrees Kelvin) the output transconductance could be greater than 200 milliamperes per volt per milliampere. Higher values of N might be attained by some other method of control. In this case, the ultimate limit of transconductance would be set by the difficulty in stabilizing the effective control-electrode bias voltage. The signal-to-noise ratio of the voltage-controlled multiplier is determined chiefly by the input system of the multiplier, the multiplier being a relatively noiseless amplifier following this input system. The noise level of the input system is determined by the input transconductance. If the use of a multiplier leads to reduced input transconductance, the noise level will be increased as compared with conventional tubes.


We have constructed a helical trajectory X-ray micro-CT system which enables high-resolution tomography within practical acquisition times. In the quest for ever-increasing resolution, lab-based X-ray micro-CT systems are limited by the spot size of the X-ray source. Unfortunately, decreasing the spot size reduces the X-ray flux, and therefore the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The reduced source flux can be offset by moving the detector closer to the source, thereby capturing a larger solid angle of the X-ray beam. We employ a helical scanning trajectory, accompanied by an exact reconstruction method to avoid the artifacts resulting from the use of large cone-angles with circular trajectories. In this paper, we present some challenges which arise when adopting this approach in a high-resolution cone-beam micro-CT system.


In many modern applications the use of antennas of huge dimensions and time pulses of very short duration creates a situation where the transient behavior is of practical importance. The transient behavior of aperture antennas has been studied by Polk [1]. The formula derived by him is based on the frequency spectrum method of analysis. But as D. K. Cheng and F. I. Tseng pointed out [2], the formula is difficult to be used. Recently, a new analytical method in time domain was proposed by S. M. Lin for the case of rectangular aperture [4].


The aim of this research is to identify the foundations of students' belief in the validity of an assertion in their mathematical activity: what they recognize in practice as a proof and how they treat a refutation. We focused this study on the relationships between students' the level of proof, while the students' image of mathematics also plays an important role, especially in dealing with refutations. It is observed that the passage from pragmatic to intellectual proofs requires a cognitive and linguistic foundation. Disregarding the complexity of this passage may be one of the main reasons for the failure of teaching mathematical proof, since this passage is often considered only at the logical level. In geometry in particular, this teaching occurs in a conceptual field that, for students has not yet constituted itself as a theory; since geometry was for them essentially restricted to the observation and construction of geometric objects with no need for proof. Thus, the teaching of proof is associated with what could be described as a cognitive break in student activity, related to the didactic break represented by the new requirement for mathematical proofs.


The paper measures the degree of agglomeration of China dairy industry based on CRn index,EG index and location quotient.On this basis,the paper provides the econometrics model of production function with the location quotient as agglomeration index,and analyses the agglomeration effects of dairy industry based on the panel data of 31 provinces from 2000 to 2009.The conclusion indicates that the agglomeration level of China dairy Industry has an increasing trend.The China dairy industry assembles mostly in the north of east inner Mongolia and north of china.The dairy industry has a descending tendency in big cities and a rising tendency in south.The industry agglomeration has a most significant promotion to China dairy industry growth.


The causes of strong dependences of the external shapes of lead and bismuth telluride crystals grown under conditions close to equilibrium on the deviation from stoichiometric composition have been investigated. Auger-analysis of lead telluride and its solid solutions indicates the change in the character of bonding in the subsurface layers connected with appearence of smooth faces not belonging to the equilibrium shapes of pure substances. The surface phase existance has been explained on basis of statistical thermodynamics within the framework of the Guttman model and due to the formation of "the crystalline" impurity complexes in a layer medium in contact with the growing crystal surface. Particles attachment to the crystal under these conditions proceeds in two stages, which facilitates crystal growth.

[Russian text ingnor]


A simple novel scheme of all-optical XOR logic gate based on SOA-based Sagnac interferometric loop mirror is proposed for the first time. Numerical simulation at 40 Gb/s is demonstrated with fairly high performance.


In order to achieve the major strategic goal of carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutralization by 2060, a new power system with new energy should be built to create a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system, and further promote the construction of the power market. It is necessary to build a peaking capacity market to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid. In the paper, a peaking capacity market mechanism is designed to encourage thermal power units to strengthen equipment transformation, operation and maintenance, and reduce the unscheduled shutdown of thermal power units. Key processes of the market including market demand evaluation, bidding, clearing, settlement are introduced. Based on the market operation, the power generation capacity of thermal power resources is expected to be fully enhanced during peaking periods of power system to ensure the system-wise capacity adequacy.


This research investigates the impact of audit committees' characteristics (audit committee size, independence, activity, financial expertise, and percentage of common stocks owned by audit committee) on improved accounting conservatism and earnings management practices for a sample of 50 Jordanian industrial corporations listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period of 2004-2009. The study measures accounting conservatism using book-to-market approach and ratio of total accruals to gross profit. By using Pooled Data Regression the study found the audit committee characteristics examined are not significantly related to accounting conservatism with the exception of financial experience of audit committee which was found to have a positive relationship to conservatism.


Abstract: The mechanisms of action of three different glycinesite antagonists of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA)‐receptor channel were analyzed employing [3H]glycine direct binding assays, as well as functional glycine‐ and glutamate‐induced uncompetitive blocker binding assays. The latter assays measure apparent channel opening. All three antagonists tested, viz., 7‐chlorokynurenic acid (7‐Cl‐KYNA), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and 1‐hydroxy‐3‐aminopyrrolidone‐2 (HA‐966), inhibited the binding of [3H]glycine to the NMDA receptor in a dose‐dependent manner. These antagonists also inhibited the glycine‐induced increase in accessibility of the uncompetitive blocker [3H]N‐[1‐(2‐thienyl)cyclohexyl]‐piperidine ([3H]TCP) to the channel. 7‐Cl‐KYNA and KYNA, but not HA‐966, completely blocked the glutamate‐induced binding of [3H]TCP, in a manner similar to the non‐competitive manner in which the selective NMDA antagonist D‐(‐)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (AP‐5) inhibited glycine‐induced [3H]TCP binding. The inhibitory effects of HA‐966 and of AP‐5 on glutamate‐induced [3H]TCP binding were overcome when glutamate concentrations were increased. Of the three antagonists, 7‐Cl‐KYNA appears to be the most potent (Ki= 0.4–1.0 μM) and the most selective glycine antagonist. KYNA was found to act at both the glycine (Ki= 40–50 μM) and the glutamate sites. In contrast, HA‐966 (Ki= 6–17 μM) appears to act either on a domain distinct from the glutamate and the glycine sites, but tightly associated with the latter, or at the glycine site, but according to a mechanism distinct from that of 7‐Cl‐KYNA. The results also show that simultaneous occupancy of the glycine and the glutamate sites of the NMDA receptor is essential for their functional activation, and support two concepts suggested by previous electrophysiological experiments: that glycine is a co‐agonist of glutamate, and that glycine is at least an M‐type allosteric effector of glutamate (i.e., it increases the maximal glutamate response without affecting its apparent binding constant).


The invention provides a method and device for monitoring bone fracture in real time. The device comprises a plurality of monitors and a human-machine interaction platform, wherein each monitor comprises a transceiving probe, a transmission module, a receiving module, a temperature measurement circuit and a control module; the transmission module, the control module and the transceiving probe areconnected in sequence through cables; and the control module and the temperature measurement circuit are connected with a program controlled amplifier in the receiving module and a coding module respectively. The method comprises the following steps: transmitting monitor information to a human-machine interaction center by virtue of a wireless communication technology; monitoring monitor data, such as bones, soft tissues and body temperatures by virtue of graphic display; transmitting an ultrasonic pulse train to a detected position to acquire the monitor information; carrying out waveform analysis on an ultrasonic reflection echo to learn the size of a bone fracture fissure and the condition of soft tissues close to the bone; and determining whether the body temperature close to the bonefracture part is normal or not, and whether the soft tissues are in inflammation or other abnormal conditions by means of the body temperature value. The device has the advantages of high instantaneity, high safety and simpler structure.


t Boo is an intriguing planet-host star that is believed to undergo magnetic cycles similar to the Sun, but with a duration that is about one order of magnitude smaller than that of the solar cycle. With the use of observationally derived surface magnetic field maps, we simulate the magnetic stellar wind of t Boo by means of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics numerical simulations. As the properties of the stellar wind depend on the particular characteristics of the stellar magnetic field, we show that the wind varies during the observed epochs of the cycle. Although the mass-loss rates we find (2.7 x 10-12 M? yr-1) vary less than 3 per cent during the observed epochs of the cycle, our derived angular-momentum-loss rates vary from 1.1 to 2.2 x 1032 erg. The spin-down times associated with magnetic braking range between 39 and 78 Gyr. We also compute the emission measure from the (quiescent) closed corona and show that it remains approximately constant through these epochs at a value of 1050.6 cm-3. This suggests that a magnetic cycle of t Boo may not be detected by X-ray observations. We further investigate the interaction between the stellar wind and the planet by estimating radio emission from the hot Jupiter that orbits at 0.0462 au from t Boo. By adopting reasonable hypotheses, we show that, for a planet with a magnetic field similar to Jupiter (14 G at the pole), the radio flux is estimated to be about 0.51 mJy, occurring at a frequency of 34 MHz. If the planet is less magnetized (field strengths roughly smaller than 4 G), detection of radio emission from the ground is unfeasible due to the Earths ionospheric cut-off. According to our estimates, if the planet is more magnetized than that and provided the emission beam crosses the observer line-of-sight, detection of radio emission from t Boo b is only possible by ground-based instruments with a noise level of ?1 mJy, operating at low frequencies.


The technology of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) records the visual information upon long-range-distributed spectral wavelengths. A representative hyperspectral image acquisition procedure conducts a 3D-to-2D encoding by the coded aperture snapshot spectral imager (CASSI) and requires a software decoder for the 3D signal reconstruction. By observing this physical encoding procedure, two major challenges stand in the way of a high-fidelity reconstruction. (i) To obtain 2D measurements, CASSI dislocates multiple channels by disperser-titling and squeezes them onto the same spatial region, yielding an entangled data loss. (ii) The physical coded aperture leads to a masked data loss by selectively blocking the pixel-wise light exposure. To tackle these challenges, we propose a spatial-spectral (S^2-) Transformer network with a mask-aware learning strategy. First, we simultaneously leverage spatial and spectral attention modeling to disentangle the blended information in the 2D measurement along both two dimensions. A series of Transformer structures are systematically designed to fully investigate the spatial and spectral informative properties of the hyperspectral data. Second, the masked pixels will induce higher prediction difficulty and should be treated differently from unmasked ones. Thereby, we adaptively prioritize the loss penalty attributing to the mask structure by inferring the pixel-wise reconstruction difficulty upon the mask-encoded prediction. We theoretically discusses the distinct convergence tendencies between masked/unmasked regions of the proposed learning strategy. Extensive experiments demonstrates that the proposed method achieves superior reconstruction performance. Additionally, we empirically elaborate the behaviour of spatial and spectral attentions under the proposed architecture, and comprehensively examine the impact of the mask-aware learning.


Susan Crane's "Alison's Incapacity and Poetic Instability in the Wife of Bath's Tale" (102 [1987]: 20–28), though superior to many of the articles it cites, finally demonstrates not so much the Wife's "incapacity" as the inadequacy of an approach that Crane shares with many critics of the Wife of Bath. The approach is characterized by a failure to distinguish sufficiently between the prologue and the tale and by the related assumption (despite words to the contrary) that Alison is a real person, not a fictitious character.


The pollution causes,characteristic and changing trend of the surface water in Beijing were analyzed.The methods of controlling pollution were researched in detail.It was useful for utilizing water resource scientificlly.The water resource lacked seriously in Beijing.The main causes of polluting suface water included four aspects:Amount of water resource was less and less;Raw sewage had more influence;The pollution of storm water run-off in city area was more and more seriouse;Surface pollution source of agriculture increased.The methods of controlling surface water pollution were expounded:Providing enough water or recycling water protected surface water function;Surface water environmental capacity accommodated wast water appropriatlly;Controlling storm water run-off in city area protected surface water;Controlling livestock's raising reduced animal husbandry pollution.


This paper questions the appropriateness of island spatial development policies that are initiated and managed by mainland actors. Jeju is an autonomous subnational island jurisdiction (SNIJ) of South Korea. Over the past decades, Jeju has been developed as a tourist destination, international free city, and special economic zone as part of a spatial development policy led by South Korea's central government. These developments have improved Jeju's economy, but they have also rendered the island's economy increasingly open, making the island vulnerable to external shocks, weakening its self-sufficiency, and occasioning cultural and social tensions. Jeju's top-down economic and spatial development policy has led to a vicious cycle of accepting central government-led development policies, thereby decreasing the island's de facto economic and political autonomy.


Abstract The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in the fluoride-doped arsenide oxides REFeAs(O1−xFx) (RE = early rare earth element) with transition temperatures as high as 55 K has led to a true renaissance in superconductivity research. These arsenide oxides constitute a rather small fraction of a much larger family of compounds with the tetragonal ZrCuSiAs-type structure (space group P4/nmm), among them pnictide oxides and fluorides, chalcogenide oxides and fluorides as well as silicide and germanide hydrides. Besides the spectacular superconductivity, these materials have further interesting properties with respect to magnetic ordering, transparent semiconducting behavior or optical properties. The crystal chemical and chemical bonding peculiarities as well as the broadly varying physical properties are reviewed herein.


Three out of four plants provide fruits or seeds for human consumption as crops rely on insect pollinators across the world. Many fruit and vegetable crops such as almonds, apples, cranberries, melons, broccoli, cherries and blueberries are dependent upon insect pollinator services Thus, healthy and nutritious diet to humans is offered by the bee pollinators. These natural servants help in the fertilization and seed setting of 87 major food plants. Crop pollinators are in danger, and modern agronomic practices can minimize the threat to flower foragers by changing the landscape and redesigning the ecological procedures. Safeguarding over 20000 wild bee pollinators will be of great importance as these have enhanced the economic value of crops up to $235- 577 billion. Herein, emphasized are the questions, why insect pollinators are significant in crop improvement technology? and how this is improving the quality and quantity in food production.


Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling has become an important tool in maternal-fetal medicine and allows direct access to fetal blood. In 52 patients, 100 successful consecutive blood sampling procedures were done for a variety of indications, including 20 intravascular intrauterine fetal transfusions for isoimmune disease. Indications, technique, and complications in this series of percutaneous umbilical blood sampling procedures are described.


This paper analyzes on the reasons why it is difficult for university graduates to be employed,and discusses on some measures how should the university library to deal with the difficulties for university graduates to be employed.


Due to a number of excellent electrical and optical properties highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) is an attractive material to use for preparation of nanostructures. It has recommended itself as a calibration material for the methods of scanning probe microscopy. This study describes the mechanically processed surfaces of graphite for further use as substrates for depositing of thin films of semiconductor materials. Introduction There is a modification of carbon known as HOPG (highly oriented pyrolitic graphite) which finds a lot of applications in nano-technological calibration due to its well organized atomic positions [1-3]. An ideal combination of HOPG properties make it a perfect material for use in electronics and allow to recommend it as a substitution to currently used materials. The surface treatment method and mosaic spread (quality of HOPG) are crucial when it comes to surface texture, micro and macro-defects and roughness of obtained HOPG. Being a brittle material is another advantage of HOPG which allows processing it to meet the smoothness requirements of the substrate material. Graphite material substrates may find their application in devices working under high temperatures. By using physical and chemical processing we can obtain the required surface roughness of HOPG. The average surface roughness for application in optics (from λ/10 down to λ/20) can be achieved. Therefore, such parameters as surface morphology are substantial when it comes to the quality of further structures design, and we should apply the dependable methods of measurement for characterization of surface [4-7]. Experimental Results Such techniques as SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy) seem to be very promising for investigation of HOPG topography, and also can be applied in serial fabrication to achieve accurate surface control. SEM and AFM techniques are powerful tools of nanotechnology that are capable of providing information on surface texturization at microand nano-scale [8-13]. These methods play a significant part in electronics and optoelectronics and are prevalent in industrial and scientific areas [14-17]. The controlling factor of performance is the surface condition of the substrate. It determines reliability of the device and also influences heterostructure properties. It is very important to seek minimization of defects in every manufacturing step. In certain situations the quality of the device can be improved by texturing. The processing and treatment of high-quality substrate are usually the first steps in preparation of heterostructures [18-21].


Laid-off workers and the unemployed are a major component of the social vulnerable groups. This article analyses the causes of the appearance of the groups and their impact on social security, family and social stability.


The year 2014 turned out to be a significant one for the global airline industry. The missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370, the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17, the disappearance of Air Algerie flight AH5017 and most recently the crash of Air Asia flight QZ8501 have raised great concerns about airline safety. In this paper, we investigate whether financial factors influence an airline's maintenance, purchasing, and training policies, and ultimately its safety performance. Using global data from 110 airlines in 26 countries over the period 1990 to 2009, we find an inverse relationship between profitability of air carriers and their accident propensity. Other financial variables such as liquidity, asset utilization, and financial leverage do not appear to affect an airline's safety record. Moreover, we find that the legal and economic environment of a given country has a significant effect on airline safety. Specifically, airlines in countries with strong law enforcement, more stringent legal regulations, and better economic performance have better safety performance.


The access to technology in education is essential for the development of skills, in this way it is required to identify and evaluate the quality of special education applications. The objective of this study was to classify and evaluate the quality of educational applications for autism, Down syndrome, and cerebral palsy. A systematic search was conducted in Apple App Store between May-July 2017. For eligible apps, data were extracted by app name, developer, disability, target, cost, app functionalities, average user rating, the number of user ratings, and downloads. App inclusion criteria were: (1) Spanish language; (2) free of charge; (3) availability in the Ecuadorian Apple App Store; and (4) from App Store categories, "Education," "Kids," "Games." A group of evaluators reviewed and rated the quality of 50 applications using Mobile Apps Rating Scale (MARS), which has 23 items contained in subscales such as engagement, functionality, aesthetics, information and subjective quality.


The invention discloses a time-setting clock system of a merging unit for realizing clock switching. A master clock and a slave clock are connected with the merging unit by a switch respectively; all electronic transducers are synchronized by sampling pulses and then upload sampling values to the merging unit; and the merging unit merges the data of the transducers of each phase and transmits themerged data to a protection, measurement and control unit device. The time-setting clock system is characterized in that: the merging unit comprises a merging unit central processing unit (CPU) and afield programmable gate array (FPGA) module connected with the merging unit CPU, wherein the FPGA module is connected with a time-keeping crystal oscillator. The invention provides an IEC61588-based synchronization method for the merging unit, provides switching methods for the merging unit under the condition of two master clock sources, endows the merging unit with the synchronization accuracy of a submicrosecond level, and ensures the seamless switching of the merging unit in a clock switching process.


In the current era of globalization, world development information has been very rapid both electronic media or in print . Electronic media like television and in - ternet has been accepted by the wider community where Television itself has to reach all layers in creating information as well as an entertainment - sedan gkan internet is a source of information and resources computers that span the globe . Internet be - laborers come from the word Interconnection Networking . Inter - kepen dean of the international . Connection means the relationship Networking is networking . In other words Internet can also be de nisikan as a network consisting of various types of computers around the world communicate with each other based on a protocol called TCP / IP ( Transmission Control Proto - col / Internet Protocol ) . In the world of education , process study did not escape from the use of computers . In this is the computer useful as a tool of un - tuk tasks better than students who still be students or who have become university students . The author makes e - learning - den gan several courses in order to help maha - students and faculty without having to stare at each other directly , because with the e - learning students or faculty only by browsing the Internet , they can already be said present and can download the material that has been disedi - will also answer the questions put . Pem - E - Learning made several courses with her use PHP and MySQL . This is to facilitate the students to answer practice questions given the author online .


This chapter delineates the features of a distinctive terrain – emerging political economies and political ecologies in which cultural property's futures in the Global South are likely to unfold and aspirations for alternative futures politically articulated in a culturally possessive fashion.


Purpose: By means of testing the serum marker CA_(125),CA_(199) and CA_(153) content of malignant tumor of uterus cases, it has been probed into whether it can be used for an item of test index to evaluate therapeutic effect and prognosis. Method: 103 cases of malignant tumor of uterus were tested CA_(125),CA_(199) and CA_(153)content of the serum previous to the treatment, part of the cases were tracked to test CA_(125),CA_(199) and CA_(153)content of the serum after treatment. Result: Positive rate of CA_(125),CA_(199) and CA_(153) in phase I and II of carcinoma of the endometrial and scale's cancer of gland before treatment is obviously lower than phase III and IV (p0.01). When the tumor is removed, CA!25,CA_(199) and CA_(153) become negative, but they are positive again when tumor is recurred or metastasized. Conclusion: Test of CA_(125),CA_(199) and CA_(153) helps to evaluate the therapeutic effect, monitor patients' conditions and estimate prognosis.


It was shown in Part 1 that the amplitude of the spatially growing Tollmien-Schlichting wave generated by a time-harmonic free-stream disturbance is related to the coefficient multiplying the lowest-order Lam & Rott asymptotic eigensolution of the unsteady boundary-layer equation. In this part we use a numerical solution of the unsteady boundary-layer equation to determine that coefficient for the case of a uniformly pulsating stream.


In Physical Layer Network Coding (PLNC), the two information sources access to the relay station, simultaneously and thus the transmitted signals are combined, together. Since the relay station hardly decodes each information single, the security for avoiding the information leak to the relay station is maintained. Therefore, the PLNC is attracting much attention in terms of physical layer security (PLS). However, the information source needs the transmit power control based on the channel state information (CSI). If the relay station is untrusted, it camouflages the real CSI for stealing the information. This paper considers the camouflaging of CSI is modeled as the liner programming problem in the subject to the statistic of CSI following the model of propagation. We clarify the maximal capacity of tapping by the relay station.


453 readers who would like to explore the subject in depth. Given the richness of the data, most of the 231 pages are mainly devoted to presenting the data and the results, and less space is given to refl ecting on and discussing the results. It is an excellent book to obtain a quite complete overview of one important topic in research on habitual entrepreneurs: the human capital perspective. The book does not, however, present a 'unifying framework' for studying habitual entrepreneurs. It neglects important issues in research on habitual entrepreneurs, such as social networks and achievement motivation, and it also lacks an organizational perspective. One of the key issues of the book is, however, that the results fall short of its expectations. There is in general little support for the human capital framework the authors had developed. Habitual entrepreneurship is a process, as the authors acknowledge. Therefore, a little variance between novice and habitual entrepreneurs might be linked to a strong variance within the group of habitual entrepreneurs. The authors, however, treat habitual entrepreneurship as a homogeneous experience: an entrepreneur who has created two ventures is the same as an entrepreneur who has created 8 or 20 ventures. Moreover, nobody is perfect. The authors compare in general the performance of the current venture of a habitual entrepreneur with the venture of the novice entrepreneur, but to what extent does the current venture refl ect the true track record of the habitual entrepreneur? This book will not be the last word on habitual entrepreneurship, but it will inspire further research from these authors and from others. More research is needed to understand what drives the performance of habitual entrepreneurs. This book is a major research endeavor: the authors are to be applauded for having undertaken such an effort. It remains an excellent, rich, systematic research study on human capital and entrepreneurship.


Watermarking techniques are primarily used for copyright protection. In this paper, we propose a digital watermarking scheme, which is based on neural network, cryptography, and image processing techniques. Our scheme can achieve the following two goals. The first is that illegal users do not know the location of an embedded watermark in the image. The second is that a legal user can retrieve the embedded watermark from an altered (filtering, lossy compression, and scaling) image. The security and robustness of the proposed scheme are improved using neural network technology.


This study tested a hierarchical model of emotional experience by examining relations between self- and peer ratings on 8 factor-analytically derived affect scales


We have combined the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and micro-attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (micro-ATR-FT-IR) imaging to show the extent of exoenzyme influence around individual hyphae of three fungal species growing on cellophane. AFM data show that surface roughness of the cellophane substrate is significantly lower adjacent to hyphae of Armillaria and Aspergillus, which produce cellulase enzyme, than for Mucor, which has lower cellulase activity. Additionally, the adhesive properties of the cellophane surface are significantly altered within the sphere of influence of the hyphae of Armillaria and Aspergillus. Micro-ATR-FT-IR imaging indicates that the cellophane substrate changes composition immediately adjacent to the hyphae of Armillaria and Aspergillus, but similar spectral changes do not occur in the presence of Mucor. This is consistent with the difference in cellulase enzyme activity in these fungal species. The appearance of new spectral peaks, consistent with those expected in the presence of enzymes and the minor decrease in peaks associated with cellophane adjacent to these hyphae are consistent with the hypothesis that the changes observed by AFM are due to local effects of enzyme action around individual hyphae.


The response of the structural, magnetic and mechanical properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 13.5/B/sub 9/ to radiation damage is investigated by means of Mossbauer spectroscopy, hysteresis loop measurements and by bending tests. The irradiation of the nanocrystalline as well as differently thermally treated amorphous samples is performed in the in-core reactor position. Mossbauer experiments reveal that neutron irradiation leads to partial re-amorphization in the investigated nanocrystalline alloys. For all samples it is found that the deterioration of the soft magnetic properties occurs predominantly in the higher fluence range (10/sup 18/-10/sup 19/ n/sub th/.cm/sup -2/). However, this deterioration is less significant in the nanocrystalline samples. The results of the bending tests show that all samples thermally embrittled below the crystallization temperature (still amorphous) can regain the complete ductility after neutron irradiation. On the other hand, the level of embrittlement of the nanocrystalline samples remained the same even after irradiation to the fluence of 1/spl times/10/sup 19/ n/sub th/.cm/sup -2/. >


Nanobacteria have been described as unusually small sized (50-500 nm), pleomorphic, infectious, pathogenic entities and associated with several systemic diseases having extra-skeletal calcifications in their pathogenesis. Dental plaque as the main cause for periodontal disease minerilizes through a process similar to these calcifications and forms calculus. Nanobacteria, considered to be playing a major role in pathologic calcifications, might be participating in dental calculus formation and consisting a risk factor for periodontal diseases. Possible role of nanobacteria in periodontal diseases' pathogenesis and interrelationship with systemic diseases have been summarized in this review.


Jürgen Habermas is not often thought of as a philosopher of technology. After presenting his early critique of technocratic consciousness, I will contend that the main problem of Habermas' conception of technology lies in the conflation of "technology" with "technical rationality". Feenberg criticizes Habermas' position for implicitly depoliticizing technology. By developing a distinction between "technology" and "technique", I will argue that Habermas' position does not exclude a critical theory of technology. The emergent picture will combine Habermas' emphasis that technology is more than a historical project with Feenberg's optimism on the possibility of an emancipatory reorientation of technology.


ABSTRACT With the prevalence of social media and Web 2.0, online visual contents such as photos or videos have quickly evolved into one popular information-disseminating channel for hotel managers and travelers. The current study aims to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the preconceptions as reflected in online photos posted by travelers. This paper presents a novel approach to online photo content analysis based on deep learning theory and computer vision framework, which can comprehensively analyze the content of large-scale photo datasets. We demonstrate and evaluate this approach through a case study, wherein we analyze over 53,000 photos collected from hotel review platform, TripAdvisor. We identified interesting differences in the contents of photos posted by hotel managers and travelers, including the differences in photo contents between low- and high-rating hotels. Our findings provide valuable implication for hotel marketing using visual assets.


Summary Inadequate chilling may delay normal blooming and severely reduce yield of pistachio trees in sub-tropical regions. The present study was conducted in a commerical orchard in Shahmiran, in the south west of the Kerman province of Iran. Hydrogen cyanamide ("dormex" at 0, 1.5 and 3%), volk oil (0, 3.5 and 7%) and potassium nitrate (0, 1.5 and 3%) were applied to branch units of pistachio trees in 2002 and 2003. These treatments, plus combinations of dormex and volk oil, volk oil and potassium nitrate, and 7% volk oil were applied 4 and 8 weeks before normal budbreak (January 5 and February 4). The chemicals were sprayed on two branches of 'Ahmad-aghaei' trees during the two years of study. Treatments with hydrogen cyanamide (dormex), volk mineral oil and combinations of dormex and volk oil, volk oil and potassium nitrate brought forward budbreak by 15 to 20 days compared with controls, and significantly increased yield of the treated branches, dehiscence of nuts and reduced the blank percentage of pistachio nuts of cultivar Ahamd-aghai. Higher concentrations of dormex and volk oil, in the second application (February 4) and combinations of dormex and volk oil were more effective in increasing the yield per branch. The best treatment was dormex 4%, plus volk oil 7%, during the second application. Potassium nitrate (1.5 and 3%) had no significant effect on yield, dehiscence or blank percentage of pistachio nuts. The results of this study might be applicable to pistachio growing regions with a mild winter.


The production of cysts by dinoflagellates can be part of the life cycle of some species, improving their survival under adverse environmental conditions; cyst germination may explain the recurrence of algal blooms in some cases. In order to evaluate the germination rates of Pyrodinium bahamense, its cysts were retrieved from surface sediments collected in San José Lagoon, SW Gulf of California, and germination assays were carried out through the cysts incubation under two contrasting light and nutrient concentration conditions. Also, to evaluate cysts viability, we isolated P. bahamense cysts and other dinoflagellate species from different depth layers of a 210Pb-dated sediment core (~100 years) to examine their germination for 20 days. Germination rates were higher under light (28–56%) than in darkness (23–34%); there were indications that the nutrient-enriched media was more effective in promoting germination than seawater. Furthermore, germination was observed in cysts isolated from all selected core depths, even those corresponding to ~100 years. These results demonstrate that cysts remain viable for long periods, and P. bahamense cysts germinate in any light and nutrient conditions. The results of this research provide relevant information to understand its physiology and complex population dynamics. This species should be closely monitored in the area in the context of climate change, as current natural conditions are likely to change.


According to the connotation of the innovation ability of aviation industry cluster, the evaluation framework of aviation industry cluster innovation ability is proposed. Under its guidance, evaluation index system of the aviation industry cluster innovation ability is established, from the aspects of innovation service, innovation investment and innovation performance. The index weight is determined by using the order relation of subjective indicators based weighting method. The aviation industry cluster innovation ability is measured by using grey incidence analysis. Finally, by taking Yanliang aviation industry cluster innovation ability evaluation as example, the feasibility and practicability of proposed evaluation model is verified.


illustrated in Figs 1 and 2 was encountered in one or other of the hips of a single infant during the course of the study. This observation suggests that the whole spectrum of abnormality is a single pathological entity. This belief is also supported by clinical observations respecting the progression and regression of the condition after birth, and by epidemiological studies respecting associated maternal and faetal factors (Dunn 1969). If this is so, then it would appear rational to define congenital dislocation of the hip as: An anomaly of the hip joint, present at birth, in which the head of the femur is, or may be, partially or completely dislocated from the acetabulum.


This chapter aims to examine and discuss the relationship between tourism and economic growth in the Mediterranean region, specifically, the issue of economic growth led by tourism and its central focus in public policy. The tourism–economic growth relationship will also highlight the different challenges between the developed and the developing countries. The relationship between tourism and sustainability in the Mediterranean region is the second theme of this contribution. The concept of 'slow tourism' as an operational proposal for sustainable tourism is also discussed; specifically, the natural environment and the cultural heritage need to be preserved by all tourism stakeholders.


To find out the causes and solutions of haze in China is not only the most concerned topic to Chinese government and civilians,but also a great challenge for scientists and researchers on the atmospheric environment.The components of particulate matters,the origins of contaminants,the related meteorological conditions and the air pollutions of specific periods are detailedly discussed and summarized in this article.And the ways for monitoring,evaluating and controlling the haze in China are also proposed in the article.


A simple method to optimize generation scheduling for thermal power plant using artificial neural network is presented. The optimal generation of generators is achieved considering operational and load constraints. The B- Coefficients are used to evaluate transmission loss in the system. The fuel cost of each unit in a plant is computed. The effectiveness of methodology is tested with six thermal power plants. A result of proposed method is compared with classical method. The artificial neural network method is quick. Hence, artificial neural network technique can be used in central load dispatch center. Keywords- Neural network, B - Coefficients, Fuel cost, Power loss, Real power DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v1i2.83 Full Text: PDF


The history of the Tokaido goes back over 1200 years. The original 'road' (in reality not much more than a path) linked Heijokyo (modern-day Nara) with provinces in the East of Japan. The main competition for those who plied their trade along the route came in the form of boats along Japan's Pacific coast. With the advent of railways in the Meiji Period, the Tokaido Line became one of the first main lines. The route linked Tokyo with Kobe, rather than Kyoto which had become the end of the Tokaido during the Heian Period. There was now a three-way competition. It was one that railways began to win convincingly.


....................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... iv LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 LOOKING FOR THE PERFECT BEAT: DJINGS HISTORICAL BEGINNINGS AND CULTURAL INSIGHTS .................................................................................................... 3 THEORECTICAL FRAMEWORK AND CONCEPTS GUIDING MY WORK ........... 19 METHODS ....................................................................................................................... 27 Interview Process .......................................................................................................... 27 Sampling ....................................................................................................................... 28 Transferring to Coding .................................................................................................. 28 Participants .................................................................................................................... 29 DATA ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 31 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................... 46 LIMITATIONS ................................................................................................................. 50 FUTURE RESEARCH ..................................................................................................... 51 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 52


Part 1 Changing policies: advocates and advocacy, Peter Mittler expanding opportunities 1968-1994, John Garrett lobbying Parliament 1970-1995, Lewis Carter-Jones exodus - bringing children out of hospital, Peggy Jay the work of the Warnock Committee, Mary Warnock educational legislation 1988-1994, Klaus Wedell the voice of parents - developing new approaches to family support and community development, Philippa Russell the fight for self-advocacy, Andrea Whittaker disability and the European Community - sources of initiative, Patrick Daunt. Part 2 Changing practice: changing classroom practice, Jean Garnett changing residential services - from institutions to ordinary living, David Felce changing day services - Gus Gray the NDT - continuity and change, Derek Thomas alternative communities, Charles Getliffe. Part 3 Changing attitudes: seen through a glass darkly - modifying public attitudes, Roy McConkey think positive! - advice on presenting with a mental handicap, Ann Shearer Stanley Segal - advocacy in action, Valerie Sinason.


By the use of samarium diiodide (SmI2), a cross-coupling reaction of aldehydes with α-diketones smoothly proceeds in the presence of water to give the corresponding adducts in moderate to good yield. In this reaction, it is possible to use the substrates such as phenylglyoxal monohydrate, aqueous methylglyoxal, formalin, and aqueous α-chloroacetaldehyde.


Harold Pinter's plays are usually considered as 20th-century experimental works and are given different labels.The present article,however,points out that no matter what labels are applied to Pinter's plays,Pinter himself and his works cherish everlasting enthusiasm for human moral situations of his time.Exposing the evil in human nature is the starting point of Pinter's plays,and this kind of evil caused the loss of moral relationship between man and his environment,between man and man,and even between family members.


Silicon oxide (SiO2)-buried insulating layers were synthesized by separation by an implanted oxygen process using 140 keV (16O+) implantation into ⟨ 111⟩ single-crystal silicon at room temperature at low fluence levels ranging from 1.0×1016 to 7.0×1016 cm−2. The buried silicon oxide layers have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques before and after annealing at 1200 °C for 30 min in argon ambient. The FTIR spectra after annealing of the samples revealed an absorption band associated with one bending vibration in addition to the asymmetric stretching vibration of Si‒O bonds. The XRD spectra of as-implanted samples showed a decrease in the peak (111) intensity with an increase in the ion fluence. The peak intensity was found to increase for all the implanted samples on annealing. The XRD studies revealed the formation of silicon oxide (SiO2) at all ion fluences. The AFM image of the crystalline silicon showed a very smooth micrograph. However, the AFM micrograph of the annealed samples showed nano-hillock-like structures on the silicon surface.


In this paper, the vibration of nonlinear coupled Van der Pol oscillators under external and parametric excitations has been studied and solved. The method of the multiple scale perturbation technique has been applied to study the frequency response equations near the primary resonance case of this system. The study is focused on the stability of the periodic solution and the nonlinear behavior of this system. Analytical results are verified using numerical simulations and the effects of some parameters on the vibrating system are investigated and reported.


Photodynamic therapy lamp has a cover (10, 11), the cover accommodating a light source consists of LEDs (21) formed of an array (20). The LEDs are arranged in a honeycomb pattern and having a peak wavelength of 630-640nm. LEDs are below a lens assembly (22), comprising a lens corresponding to (23) in each of the LED of the lens assembly. Under the lens assembly is a diffuser (7). These lenses are arranged in a honeycomb pattern and for converging a light beam substantially parallel and narrow.


Eloranta et al. (1) recently reported an association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs473351) in the untranslated region of exon 28 of the bile salt export pump (BSEP, now ABCB11) and the occurrence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) in a cohort of Finnish women. Furthermore, an A-G haplotype, formed by the common allele of an intron 19 SNP (rs853782) and the exon 28 SNP, was over-represented in ICP patients in comparison with matched controls. Both the ICP and control groups were relatively homogeneous, comprising women originating from the same region in eastern Finland. We have now tested for an association between the exon 28 SNP and ICP in a larger, more heterogeneous group of Finnish women.


The article approaches the attempts at intertheoretical reduction of the mental and the social spheres, and maintains that the reductionist projects are based on ontological and epistemological presuppositions that relate to an atomist vision of the world that grounds untenable Humean conceptions of causality and explanation. Moreover, the principles of the theory of autopoietic systems are expounded, in opposition to these projects. This theory supposes a vision in which complexity produces emergent irreducible levels that require different conceptions of causality and explanation.


Only two of the ulcerative diseases of the gastrointestinal tract—gastric ulcer and ulcerative colitis—are forerunners of cancer, and evidence is tenuous in gastric ulcer, Statistics indicate that only 1 percent of patients with chronic gastric ulcer but 3 to 6 percent of patients with ulcerative colitis may eventually have carcinoma.


We used a newly generated T‐cell receptor mimic monoclonal antibody (TCRm MAb) that recognizes a known nonself immunodominant peptide epitope from West Nile virus (WNV) NS4B protein to investigate epitope presentation after virus infection in C57BL/6 mice. Previous studies suggested that peptides of different length, either SSVWNATTAI (10‐mer) or SSVWNATTA (9‐mer) in complex with class I MHC antigen H‐2Db, were immunodominant after WNV infection. Our data establish that both peptides are presented on the cell surface after WNV infection and that CD8+ T cells can detect 10‐ and 9‐mer length variants similarly. This result varies from the idea that a given T‐cell receptor (TCR) prefers a single peptide length bound to its cognate class I MHC. In separate WNV infection studies with the TCRm MAb, we show that in vivo the 10‐mer was presented on the surface of uninfected and infected CD8α+CD11c+ dendritic cells, which suggests the use of direct and cross‐presentation pathways. In contrast, CD11b+CD11c− cells bound the TCRm MAb only when they were infected. Our study demonstrates that TCR recognition of peptides is not limited to certain peptide lengths and that TCRm MAbs can be used to dissect the cell‐type specific mechanisms of antigen presentation in vivo.


For years, people think that the major threat to various companies' computer networks doesn't come from outside hackers,but from internal(often disgruntled) employees. However, a new study disputes that, saying that outside hack attacks are the largest threat. In fact, the outside hackers usethe ability of messenger to not only transfer text messages,but also to files transferring. Consequently, messengers can transfer worms and other malicious software ( malware).This research includes many practical methods and tricks to attack yahoo messenger by sending executable files that are compressed and masqueraded, that files are responsible for converting Yahoo! Musicand other options to malicious web site, and also it is possible to insert messenger into infinite loop, delete messenger after forcing it to close, or convert its path into malicious program path, insuring that done even after restart computer. And also it containsmprotection methods for that attack which are responsible for disabling system program such as (task manager, system restore, system configuration utility etc) to ensure that the user couldn't remove the program that caused attack.Finally in this research, software is designed to break that attack by enabling system tools and that will lead to facilitate the task of ending attack. Actually, this software is considered as a solution towidespread problem caused by many malware.


The main purpose of this paper is to extend Banach or Hilbert spaces to Banach or Hilbert continuity flow spaces over topological graphs and establish differentials on continuity flows for characterizing their globally change rate.


We met at the Sweatshirt Social, the Hospitality Suite, and over dinner at SIGUCCS '93 in San Diego. At last yea's SIGUCCS conference in Ypsilanti, we presented a plenary session on the formation and maintenance of a Vial Consulting Staff (ViCS). We made a strong case for developing a network of consultants from different universities with different backgrounds and expertise, and turning this personal network (PNET) into an extended consulting service for your university. Our ViCS was one year old and going strong at that time. By the time we meet in St. Louis, we will have two years of experiences and lessons learned. This, our progress report, discloses both the successes and failures of our second year and concludes with a look toward next year. It is written in the voice of its collaborators, attempting to mimic the style of our interactions. PNET BENEFITS allow them to use large amounts of space on a temporary basis.. so why worry? Students are not using lab resources that are needed for classes since labs are open and available to students only when classes are not in them and students doing homework have precedence over students using machines for other purposes. Our remaining problems concern the bandwidth of the Internet and the modem-telephone time used by students when they are not in labs. Both of these resources are in great demand by faculty, students and staff. Another issue regarding student use is, " Should we pay attention to or make rules about what students read on the Internet?' There is so much out there, how can we monitor it and why should we? Some of us are subject to the scrutiny of state legislators or boards of governors or tmstees etc., but we don' t know what is really discussed in all the .alt groups unless we read them, and then how are we to judge? I have been told by students that they are doing research for papers. We don't know which library books they read. Is the Internet different? In these davs of the WWW. we cannot Marlene This small group excels at bringing computing issues into know what our students will access 'from someone's " homepage perspective. Over the past year, we have briefly discussed what anywhere in the world. Discussing these things with people deal-consideration we should give to the types of things the students at ing with …


The long period of the Covid 19 pandemic has an impact on the mental condition of people who are easily emotional and angry. The phenomenon of anger, insults, and bullying spreads in many lines of life and even destruction and murder occur to close people and even loved ones. Surprisingly, learning about the concept or nature of anger is still very minimal. Anger explanations that come from rational and empirical theories have fundamental weaknesses. Centuries before the theory of rationalism and empiricism emerged, Islam had answered these weaknesses and explained the nature of anger in detail even what psychological theory could not explain. This paper explains the nature of anger and control from the point of view of Islamic education which includes an explanation of the nature of anger in the review of the Qur'an, Hadith and the opinions of scholars, anger that is allowed in Islam, anger that is criticized in Islam, things that cause anger, and the wills of the Prophet and the scholars in controlling anger. This paper is a literature study that collects textual data about anger from primary and secondary sources. This data comes from the basis of Islamic Religious Education. To achieve the desired results the researcher uses the following research steps. 1. Data collection, 2. Data reduction, 3. Data presentation, 4. Data analysis 5. Conclusions. This paper is expected to be a solution and a remedy for anyone anywhere and anytime who has problems in their life due to uncontrolled anger.


OBJECTIVE To study the effect of different penetration enhancers、concentration and pH on the permeation of acemetacin across skin in vitro.METHODS Franz diffusion cell and excised rat belly skin was adopted,and UV was used to determine the content of acemetacin in reciever diffusion cell.RESULTS By the parabola draft,we choose the best pH((6.35)) and the concentration of azone((5.7%)) and PG((3.85%)).CONCLUSION The result of this experiment indicates that acemetacin endermic medicament has good penetration property.


Summary form only given. Under the Federal Power Act, the US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has to ensure that prices in the wholesale markets for power are "just and reasonable." This has been interpreted as meaning that suppliers cannot exert excessive market power. Here we focus on generation market power. In US regulatory practice, there are two primary types of ex ante generation market power screening and mitigation: the relatively standardized, long-term horizontal market power screening of applications for "market-based rates" and mergers; and the more diverse regional rules for spot offers of energy and ancillary services into the centralized RTO and ISO day-ahead and real-time auctions for power. Each of these methods has a mitigation rule if the supplier "fails" the screen. If the screens themselves fail - that is, produces a false negative - the regulator may resort ex post to determination of refunds to compensate buyers for exposure to seller market power, as took place in California following the price spikes of 2000-01. There are constant developments in these regulatory applications of market power monitoring and mitigation and their relationship to market design. The goal is to reduce the potential for regulatory errors, which we can categorize as either Type I errors, or false positive, or Type II errors, or false negative. This paper shows some large scale examples as applied to a hypothetical merger and market-based rates case. The paper also makes the case that such models could also be used in transmission constrained RTO markets to trigger spot offer price controls reflecting market conditions at each point in time.