Clinoptilolite is a natural, medium pore size, zeolite. It contains a 2-deminsional pore system containing of oxygen-8- membered and oxygen-10-membered rings. It is one of the most abundant natural zeolites. Clinoptilolite has a crystalline structure showing unique ion exchange and sorption properties. It is mainly used as ion exchanger and adsorbent for removal of toxic elements and compounds from the environment. The use of natural zeolite as spent catalysts may open new perspectives in the chemical use of heavy feed feedstock by chemical conversion. Natural zeolites are not expensive, widely available and environment friendly. Clinoptilolite is the most abundant natural zeolite. Although clinoptilolite is a potential acid catalyst, reports on its application in catalysis are limited so far.
This contribution deals with the modification of the acidity of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite, the characterization of the acid sites and the catalytic activity in the Bronsted acid catalyzed acetalization of benzaldehyde with butandiol-1,3. The samples were acidified by via ammonium-ion exchange followed by calcination and acid treatment. The obtained catalysts were characterized by XRD regarding crystallinity and phase composition. The morphology was studied by TEM images The acidity was studied by ammonia-TPD measurements and 1H solid state MAS NMR as well as REDOR experiments. Structure and structural changes caused by applied modifications were studied by 27Al- and 29Si MAS NMR measurements and thermal analysis.
The ion experiments show that a part of the cations of clinoptilolite readily exchange with ammonium ions and protons from HCl treatment. The NMR results give first hints for a relation of the catalytic conversion with the presence of 5-fold coordinated aluminum. The results will be discussed in terms of a collaborative action of Bronsted acid sites and 5-fold coordinated aluminum.


Based on the daily precipitation data from 21 meteorological stations in Liaoning province during 1958~2008, the drought and water logging indexes of single station were calculated by the method of normalized Z index in this paper. According to these data, the drought and flood grades were determined and the grade sequence was established. Besides, the annual and spring meteorological drought characteristics in recent 51 years were analyzed from perspectives of time and space. The conclusions are as follows:1) From the point of view of time, the drought and water logging occur alternately in terms of inter-annual variation; the drought occurs on an average of two years, and the continuing meteorological drought occurs easily with more severe extent; there are nine years of primary cycle on Liaoning Province's annual drought grade; drought frequency is the largest in northwest Liaoning province, and reaches minimum in southern part; spring drought is the most serious in terms of seasonal variation in Liaoning Province, with 18 years of drought out of 51 years. There are about three years of primary cycle on spring drought grade; drought frequency is largest in the middle and the north-west of Liaoning, and is smallest in southern part; 2) From the perspective of space, the distribution of inter-annual drought in Liaoning Province is more concentrated. Overall, it decreases from northwest to southeast. Northern and southern part are severe drought-prone areas, southwest is drought-prone area, and the partial drought-prone areas are more dispersed. The distribution of drought in spring is more dispersed, with north-western part is severe drought-prone area, northern and southern parts are drought-prone areas and the partial drought-prone areas are numerous and more dispersed. The research results correspond with the actual situation in the main, so they can provide a theoretical basis for relevant departments in Liaoning Province to develop appropriate drought countermeasures based on the regional drought characteristics.


In this work the reexamination of the photo-oxidation mechanism of three poly(ethylene-co-propene-co-5-ethylidene-2-norbornene) (EPDM) terpolymers containing different amounts of 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB)1 (2-8 wt.-%) is discussed. The photo-oxidation depends on the initial content of ENB units in the chains. The formation of a band at 923 cm−1 is attributed to the CH out-of-plane deformation of a new double bond in terminal position in the ethylidene moieties. The presence of double bond migration suggests the formation of stable tertiary hydroperoxides which show a new band at 870 cm−1. The kinetic behaviour of a band with similar spectral pattern in the UV at 235 nm has been correlated with double bond migration. The identification of photoproducts both by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazin and SO2 confirms the proposed spectroscopic assignments. The gel measurements of the studied terpolymers, and some comparisons with a poly(ethylene-co-propene) (EPR) copolymer having a similar ethylene to propene ratio, suggest that the presence of ENB can strongly influence both the photo-oxidation and the crosslinking yields of these rubbers.


Image matrices of chest X-ray films were recorded in digital form on magnetic tape using a flying spot scanner, an analog-to-digital converter, and a digital computer system. These taped images were used as input to the computer which, by means of its stored program, automatically measured the maximum transverse diameter of the heart shadow, maximum transverse diameter of the rib cage shadow, then calculated and printed out the ratio of these two measured values. This is the cardiothoracic ratio, which is a standard diagnostic index employed by physicians for detection of cardiac pathology, e.g., heart enlargement. To our knowledge, this is the first practicable and useful diagnostic index successfully determined directly from an unaltered X-ray film through the use of a digital computer.


In the Panagia Kera Church (Crete, Greece) were identified
glass objects depicted on the interier frescoes. The have been
compared with archaeological material known from the region and
placed in the historical frame.


To provide excellent lithium-nickel composite oxide particles which have high environmental stability and are thus capable of suppressing generation of impurities due to absorption of moisture and a carbon dioxide gas, while being prevented from easy separation of a coating film because of high adhesion thereof and having lithium ion conductivity. Coated lithium-nickel composite oxide particles, which are obtained by coating the surfaces of lithium-nickel composite oxide particles with a predetermined coating material, have electrical conductivity and ion conductivity and are capable of suppressing permeation of moisture and a carbon dioxide gas. Consequently, the present invention is able to provide coated lithium-nickel composite oxide particles for positive electrode active materials of lithium ion batteries, which is excellent for use in lithium ion batteries.


Commercial banks are faced with the problem of uncertainty and inability to work in a falling market. Thus, according to the expert assessment of the analytical agency RBC, the fall occurred in almost all sectors of the economy. In this regard, banks have sharply tightened requirements for borrowers, and with companies from sectors most affected by the crisis is completely stopped working.


It includes a header (108) having an upper surface, a plurality of conductive pins extending upward through the upper surface (116), an optoelectronic device comprising an optical device (102), and a tunable optical filter (100). Optical device and tunable optical filter are mounted on a top surface of the header, be disposed in a vertical stack extending on the upper surface of the header, the tunable optical filter is electrically connected to the plurality of conductive pins doing. The device may further attached to the header, including a cap (110) which forms the internal sealed including an optical device and a tunable optical filter with a header. Cap has a top surface including a window (106) formed therein, the window is aligned with the tunable optical filter and an optical device. The applications include 3-port pick-up multiplexer or the like.


Computer-Interpretable Guidelines (CIGs) are a key issue to implement decision support systems that could help clinical practice. To represent these guidelines numerous modeling languages, such as PROforma, Asbru, or GLIF, have been defined and they are currently used in different contexts with more or less acceptance. The Guideline Definition Language (GDL) is a rule-based modeling language for CIGs proposed recently by the openEHR Foundation. This language might have a wider acceptance because of the fact that it is defined as an open standard and, as such, open detailed specifications are provided. In this paper, we focus on the most recent specification of GDL, GDL2. Our objective is to gain insight and knowledge about this language and its specifications for software engineering application purposes, such as Model-Driven solutions. In this context, we present a proposal for a GDL meta-model as an attempt to formalise the GDL2 specification in a UML meta-model. Additionally, in order to validate this proposal, we present a sample GDL model, based on a clinical guideline for the diagnosis of heart failure, developed using the GDL meta-model implemented in


Silhouette volume intersection is one of the most popular ideas for reconstructing the 3D volume of an object from multi-viewpoint silhouette images. This paper presents a novel parallel volume intersection method based on plane-to-plane homography for real-time 3D volume reconstruction using active cameras. This paper mainly focuses on the acceleration of back-projection from silhouette images to 3D space without using any sophisticated software technique, such as octree volume representation, or look-up table based projection acceleration. Also this paper presents a parallel intersection method of projected silhouette images. From the preliminary experimental results we estimate near frame-rate volume reconstruction for a life-sized mannequin can be achieved at 3 cm spatial resolution on our PC cluster system.


This dissertation adopts a career theory approach as a research lens to explain the choice to become an entrepreneur. As opposed to intentional theories, which are general psychological theories applicable to a range of human behaviors, career theories deal specifically with how individuals form career goals and convert them into action. Adopting a career perspective, this study looks at entrepreneurship as one of several careers individuals pursue during their lifetime. In particular, the aim is to understand the conditions in which individuals enter entrepreneurship, and to what extent individuals' entrepreneurial intentions are translated into action. To answer these questions, this study extends career theory to the realm of entrepreneurship, proposing that the environment is an important explanation to illustrate why some individuals and not others engage in entrepreneurial action. The research is conducted in the under-investigated context of student entrepreneurship, which considers the creation of new ventures by students and university graduates. A unique dataset has been created that concerns entrepreneurial intentions and subsequent behavior for almost 1/3 of all students who graduated from 64 Italian universities in the fall of 2014. This dissertation provides a new perspective on the phenomenon of entrepreneurship, focusing on new connections among previous concepts and exploring the practical information of these concepts. The purpose is to contribute to a current conversation that looks at entrepreneurship as a career choice that an individual can pursue during his or her lifetime. In building on existing models of career choices, we aim to extend this growing stream of literature, and in doing so, we contribute in different ways to the entrepreneurship theory.


Objective To analyze the genetic polymorphism of 8 Y-STR loci in Han population of Sichuan, and the allelic sequences of 8 Y-STRs. Methods the PCR products of 8 Y-STR were genotyped using non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results DYS443, DYS453, DYS455, and DYS456 are Y-STRs with the simple repeat motif, and DYS444, DYS448, DYS457, and DYS458 are Y-STRs with the complex repeat motif. A total of 106 haplotypes were observed at 8-Y-STRs in 108 males. The gene diversities of 8 Y-STR ranged from 0. 355-0. 821, and the diversity of haplotype was 0. 9996. Conclusion The discrimination power and the probability of paternity exclusion at 8 Y-STR were higher in Sichuan Han population.

Key words:
Chromosome Y;  Short tandem repeat;  Genetic polymorphism


This paper considers the identification of damage in joints for a structure where no baseline model is available. Linear equations are formulated to relate the joint parameter variations caused by damage to the measured or simulated responses in the frequency domain. Generic joint elements with only translational degrees of freedom are defined to model the structure with damage at the joints. For a particular type of joint, the generic joint element stiffness matrices are formed by using only the translational components of the mode shapes, which can be approximated intuitively or by a detailed FE analysis of the joint. The modeling with generic joint elements also makes the consideration of the rotation coupling more natural. In addition, using generic joint elements can avoid the geometric complexity involved in defining structural joints in the traditional way. With the assumption that the damage appears only in the joints, the other parts of the structure such as beam-like and plate-like components do not need to be modeled in the formulation. The methods are illustrated by a plane portal frame with both L-shape and T-shape joints. The results show that the method is effective in locating the damage in these joints.


This paper investigates the construction of multisector-multiregion input-output tables by using spatial econometric methods. I demonstrate that, under reasonable assumptions, the problem of finding Leontief's technical coeffecients can be formulated as a modified multi-equation spatial Durbin model and the missing parameters can be estimated via maximum likelihood. The resulting coefficients are computed as a function of country-wide coeffiecients, as well as distance and regional-sectorial data on value added. The statistical performance of the model is scrutinized and the method is illustrated with simulations of regional (NUTS-3 level) economic impact assessment - for generic companies located in Southern France, Germany and Poland.


The number of accidents that occurred in Indonesia continues to grow each year is no exception Semarang City, to decrease the number of accidents that happen takes the role of stakeholders in the implementation of traffic and road transportation safety through collaboration because each stakeholder can't work alone. The purpose of this research was to know how the collaboration of stakeholders in the implementation of traffic and road transportation safety and analyze the factors driving and inhibiting the collaboration. The writer used the model of collaborative governance from Ansell and Gash, and De Seve. The method of this study was descriptive qualitative research method. The instruments for collecting the data were interviews, literature study, observation, and documentation. The results showed collaborative governance in the implementation of traffic safety and road transport in Semarang seen first conditions, institutional design, and collaborative process has been running well, but not optimal implementation of facilitative leadership. The driving factor which affects the collaboration that is networked structure, commitment to a common purpose, distributive accountability/responsibility, and information sharing, while the only factor inhibiting access to the resource. The recommendations given are implementing more maximal facilitative leadership by leveraging existing LLAJ Forum and held a contract employee recruitment and planning more effective and efficient.


Biological invasions result in negative and unpredictable impacts on oceans worldwide. Non-indigenous macrophytes often synthesize secondary metabolites for defensive purposes and increased competition efficiency: this is the case of Caulerpa cylindracea, which has entered the Mediterranean Sea in 1990 and competed against local flora and fauna since. It was demonstrated that the white seabream Diplodus sargus (i) has included the algae into its diet, (ii) is subject to the peculiar Abnormally Tough Specimen (ATS) condition post-cooking, and (iii) suffers physiological and behavioral disturbances from caulerpin, one of the three major algal secondary metabolites. This paper confirms a feeding relationship between the fish and the algae, quantifies caulerpin accumulation in the liver, suggests a possible mollusk- and echinoderm-driven biomagnification, and highlights the fact that all ATS specimens were males. Multivariate analyses on a multi-biomarker panel reveals differential correlations to key cellular processes such as oxidative stress, metabolism, neurotoxicity, and lipid peroxidation as well as to condition indexes.


Soft errors are one of the biggest reliability challenges for present day electronic devices and their contribution to overall device failure rate is increasing with technology scaling. They have the potential to cause failures in embedded systems during run-time and are a major concern in safety critical applications, such as pacemakers. To address this issue, selective hardening techniques have been proposed in the past, aiming at providing cost-effective soft error resilience. This paper proposes that the cost-effectiveness of such a soft error mitigation technique can be further improved by taking advantage of the repeated nature of firmware execution in an embedded system and the firmware's inherent ability to mask soft errors. This approach is applied on a module by performing fault injection analysis on the circuit during application execution. Experimental results indicate that, for the given application, bit flips in approx. 12% of the sequential logic resulted in system failures and need to be hardened against soft errors.


Abstract The derivation of the essential symmetries involved in the Landau theory of phase transitions is outlined, as well as their links with various areas of investigation of structural transitions:ferroic classification of structural transitions influence of the order parameter anisotropies on the thermodynamic order, phenomenological theory of incommensurate phases.


A new term in the elastic energy is presented. An equation for the temperature dependence of magnetization is obtained, on its base the temperature dependences of magnetization y=f(T/T 0 ) being plotted. The conditions of first- and second-order phase transitions arc found and analyzed. The obtained results arc compared with the known data for the linear model.


SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ long-lasting phosphors were incorporated AlN successfully by a conventional solid-state reaction in the reductive atmosphere. When a certain amount of AlN was doped, the specimen SrAl2O4-3xN2x: Eu2+, 0.01Dy3+ (x = 0.0-0.2) maintained the phase purity. Under the excitation at 398nm, an intense broadband emission centered at 514 nm, originating from the 4f65d1→4f7 transition of Eu2+, was observed. It is noteworthy that partial nitridation leads to an enhancement in the emission intensity up to 240%. The study of thermal stability shows that the intensity of SrAl2O3.55N0.3:Eu2+,0.01Dy3+ phosphor still remains 72% at 150 °C comparing with the initial, while only 62% for the un-doped phosphor. Taking enhanced photoluminescence (PL) property and good thermal stability into account, SrAl2O4-3xN2x:Eu2+, 0.01Dy3+ is a promising candidate for the phosphors used in alternating current (AC) LEDs.


Some models of combinatorial principles have been obtained by collapsing a huge cardinal in the case of the successors of regular cardinals. For example, saturated ideals, Chang's conjecture, polarized partition relations, and transfer principles for chromatic numbers of graphs. In this paper, we study these in the case of the successors of singular cardinals. In particular, we show that Prikry forcing preserves the centeredness of ideals but kills the layeredness. We also study $\binom{\mu^{++}}{\mu^{+}}\to\binom{\kappa}{\mu^{+}}_{\mu}$ and $\mathrm{Tr}_{\mathrm{Chr}}(\mu^{+++},\mu^{+})$ in the extension by Prikry forcing at $\mu$.


Psalm 114:1 provides a unique description of the exodus as an escape from "a people of strange language / a people of foreign tongue / זע� םע" and not from slavery. Attention is given to the skilfully composed hymn-like psalm consisting of four strophes of paired synonymous parallel verses as part of the "Egyptian Hallel." An argument is developed that the reinterpretation of the exodus as a rescue from the cultural oppression experienced by exiles and marginalised or subjugated peoples is the result of a creative combination of theological traditions related to YHWH as creator and king. In conclusion suggestions are made about the reason for considering the Judean exile in Babylonia and the subservience of Yehud during the Persian Empire as contexts within which this reinterpretation of the exodus made sense.


PURPOSE: A single carrier receiver having a channel equalizer operating in connection with a trellis decoder and a channel equalizing method are provided to improve the equalizing performance and speed of the channel equalizer. CONSTITUTION: A channel equalizer of a single carrier receiver includes the first equalizing unit(410), a trellis decoder(430), a buffer(450), and the second equalizing unit(470). The first equalizing unit has the first feed-forward(FF) part(411), the first feedback(FB) part(413), the first adder(415), the first level decision part(417) and the first error calculation part(419). The first FF part eliminates a pre-ghost of an input signal, and the first FB part remove a post-ghost of the input signal. The trellis decoder receives the output signal of the first equalizing unit and trellis-decodes the output signal. The buffer stores a signal input to the first equalizing unit for a predetermined period of time and then outputs the signal to the second equalizing unit. The second equalizing unit includes the second FF part(471), the second FB part(473), the second adder(475), the second level decision part(477) and the second error calculation part(479). The second FF part removes a pre-ghost of the signal output from the buffer, and the second FB part removes a post-ghost of the signal using the trellis-decoded signal.


Building on the well-established form closure framework for holding rigid parts, in this paper we propose a new framework for holding deformable parts. We consider the class of deformable parts that can be modeled as linearly elastic polygons with a triangular finite element mesh and given stiffness matrix. We define the D-space (deformation-space) of a part as the C-space of all its mesh nodes. Free space is the intersection of the set of topology-preserving mesh configurations with the complement of the union of all D-obstacles that represent collisions of the part with finger bodies. Consider a given set of finger bodies in frictionless contact with a part. When positive work is needed to release the part, we say that it is in deform closure. We present numerical examples and prove two results: (1) if a contact set holds a rigid part in form closure, it will hold the equivalent deformable part in deform closure and (2) deform closure is frame invariant. We then consider frictionless deform closure grasps with two contact points. We define a measure of grasp quality based on balancing the potential energy needed to release the part against the potential energy that would result in plastic deformation. Given two jaw contacts at the perimeter nodes, we develop numerical algorithms to determine the optimal jaw separation based on this metric. For a part with n mesh nodes and p perimeter nodes, we give an algorithm that computes the optimal separation in time O(n3 p2 +p6 log p) and an approximation algorithm that runs in time O(n3 p2 +(p2/ε)log p).


Mines in Mpumalanga province produce vast quantities of mine water. The question is what to do with it? Dr Danie Vermeulen of the University of the Free State provides an alternative solution.


The Cerontological Society of America Described is an effort to dispel ageist attitudes in medical students. Supervised by faculty members, the medical students participated in weekly health seminars and provided health counseling for older people living in the community. Preliminary assessment revealed that providing the opportunity to physicians-in-training to become acquainted with active, healthy elderly individuals begins to dispel the stereotypical views engendered by their previous exposure to only the frail, acutely ill, elderly patients typically encountered in the hospital setting.


The exchange of business data between business partners using EDI was used in the past by consolidated companies or in a supply chain relationship. Data was only exchanged by using Value Added Networks (VANs) or industry specific subsets. Small business companies would only join this kind of EDI if they were forced to. A typical reason to use EDI was the role of the company as a supplier in the automated supply chain of a large consolidated company being the only or main customer. The slogan was "EDI or die". The reason for distrust regarding the EDI technology and its weak acceptance were the high costs of the VANs and, as result, the risk of dependency on the major customer as well as scepticism with regard to information technology in general [16].The use of the Internet, mainly the World Wide Web (WWW), enables a more cost efficient access to business networks. The price decline of hardware and the presence of Open Source Software make it more attractive to use information technology. In addition, because of the dispersion of the increase in the use of information technology, small business companies have easier access to qualified human resources. Usage of the internet to submit EDI data via the established protocols or new ways like EDI via XML or Web-EDI and between different applications and ERP-Systems is a great advance and it enables global E-business networks [1].Our paper describes how this evolution enables small and midsize businesses to share the globalized markets of today by joining global strategic networks. It will present a concept of how to enable these companies to find their preferred strategic business partners and what strategic impact the use of this technology will have. It also presents an outline of what the architecture of these networks may look like and how XML technology in particular can be a primary technology in this context.


For optimal control problems involving equality and inequality constraints in the control functions, some fundamental questions related to second order necessary conditions are posed. In particular, for a wide range of problems, we provide a direct derivation of such conditions in terms of a certain quadratic function, under some normality assumptions, and on a specific convex set of differentially admissible variations defining the critical directions. The question of whether this result can be improved by weakening the assumptions and modifying the set of critical directions by enlarging it is also studied. Under certain assumptions, an affirmative answer to that question is provided. Key–Words:Optimal control, second order conditions, equality and/or inequality constraints, regularity


ABSTRACT Transcription factors and chromatin structural modifiers induce clinically relevant epigenetic modifications of blood leukocytes during severe systemic inflammation (SSI) in humans and animals. These changes affect genes with distinct functions, as exemplified by the silencing of a set of acute proinflammatory genes and the sustained expression of a group of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory genes. This paradigm is closely mimicked in the THP-1 human promonocyte cell model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin tolerance. We previously reported that LPS-induced de novo expression of RelB is required for generating tolerance to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression. RelB represses transcription by binding with heterochromatic protein 1 α (HP1α) to the proximal promoters of IL-1β and TNF-α. In contrast, we report herein that RelB is required for sustained expression of anti-inflammatory IκBα in LPS-tolerant THP-1 cells. RelB transcription activation requires binding to the IκBα proximal promoter along with NF-κB p50 and is associated with an apparent dimer exchange with p65. We also observed that RelB induced during human SSI binds to the IκBα proximal promoter of circulating leukocytes. We conclude that RelB functions as a dual transcription regulator during LPS tolerance and human SSI by activating and repressing innate immunity genes.


The building sector in Malaysia consumes up to half of the electricity generated in the country. Therefore, there are needs to have a continuous effort to promote microalgae as part of an innovative building envelope system. This paper intends to investigate the potentiality of implementing the microalgae photobioreactor (PBR) in building envelopes in Malaysia. The findings from the precedent studies are synthesised into ten (10) parameters and translated into four (4) design modules. In conclusion, the suggested parameters are crucial in establishing microalgae photobioreactor (PBR) as a suitable prospect for energy efficiency in building envelopes in the tropical climate.
Keywords: energy consumption; microalgae; photobioreactor; building envelope.
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2166


This invention discloses a method for generation with the waste heat of the engine vent-pipe and a device, in which, the device is a pipe, the pipe wall is the principle part of the converter, the middle is the channel of the pipe, the outer layer is set with a cooling end, the internal wall is set with heat absorption end, the current output terminals are connected with the both ends, the high temperature absorption end is put into the vent-pipe directly to absorb heat fully and the car and air are used to cool down the low temperature end of the converter to form a temperature difference by high temperature and natural air to finish the generation function.


A proxy signature scheme permits an entity to delegate its signing rights to another. Proxy signature scheme has been widely used in numerous applications. This paper proposed a proxy signature scheme based on lattice cryptography which is different from traditional proxy signature schemes. This scheme combines the idea of the traditional proxy signature and the lattice-based signature together. The security of the proposed scheme is based on the Short Integer Solution (SIS) problem, the proposed proxy signature scheme has smaller key size and lower computation cost. We use the Bimodal Gaussian Distribution, Reject Sampling, Hash matrix and other technologies to extend the original digital signature scheme to the proxy signature scheme. In this paper we will give the security proof of the proxy signature scheme. Moreover, since the key construction of the scheme is based on the operation of the ring, so the public and private key size can be greatly shrunk.


This paper presents a wideband blocker-tolerant RF front-end suitable for direct-ΔΣ-E-receivers. Blockers are attenuated by providing low receiver input impedance at blocker frequencies while for desired frequency the input impedance is boosted to matched condition by providing an up-converted positive feedback from the baseband stage. RF front-end is evaluated on 28nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS process with current consumption of 8mA, excluding local-oscillator drive, at 1V supply voltage. Front-end is reconfigurable from 0.7–3GHz with maximum noise figure of 5dB and achieves an out-of-band 1dB compression point of 0dBm at 100MHz local oscillator frequency offset.


A previously fit and well 69 year old man presented to his general practitioner with a four week history of lower back pain. He had no history of trauma, took no regular drugs, was an ex-smoker, and did not drink alcohol. Physiotherapy, sought privately, had provided no benefit. His GP prescribed painkillers and reviewed him two weeks later, at which point, with no improvement in symptoms, spinal radiography was organised. Radiography showed multiple compression fractures of vertebrae T11-L2 (fig 1⇓; arrows).

Fig 1  Plain radiograph showing multiple compression fractures of vertebrae T11-L2 (arrows)

The GP arranged blood tests and referred the patient to hospital for assessment. On further questioning, he had recently lost weight and had loss of appetite. Pallor was noted on examination. There were no neurological findings (in particular, no signs of spinal cord compression) and other systems examinations were normal. Rectal examination showed a smooth, enlarged prostate, with normal anal tone and sensation.

Blood tests showed normocytic anaemia (haemoglobin 99 g/L (reference range 130-180), mean cell volume 95 fL (80-100)), and normal white cell and platelet counts. A renal profile was normal, bone profile showed protein 86 g/L (60-80), albumin 35 g/L (35-50), globulin 51 g/L (22-43), alkaline phosphatase 163 U/L (30-130), adjusted calcium 2.74 mmol/L (2.20-2.60), and phosphate 1.64 mmol/L (0.80-1.50). Imaging studies comprised whole spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); computed tomography of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis; and a skeletal survey (fig 2⇓).

Fig 2  Skull radiograph (with contrast) done as part of skeletal survey

1. What is the diagnosis?

2. What additional investigations would aid diagnosis?

3. What complications may arise?

4. How should this patient be managed?

### 1. What is the diagnosis?

#### Short answer

Multiple myeloma.

#### Discussion

The spinal radiograph shows pathological fractures of T11-L2 (fig 1⇑), suggestive of metastatic disease (for example, from primary kidney, thyroid, or gastrointestinal cancer) …


The depression among people with disability is a serious health concern the depressive symptoms are more in people with disability than general population. The objective of this study is to scrutinize the differences between two controlled groups of physical disability a) with depression, b) to examine associations among social relationships, c) emotional factors and socio-demographic variables, d) pattern of peer group interactions, e) depression rate and finally overall functioning. The survey assessed 50 respondents with a physical disability from both gender categories between the age group of 12 years to 19 years. Both convenient and random sampling methods were applied and all the respondents are sustained with in-depth interviews and discussions. People with physical disabilities have manifested a similar demographic profiles and social relationship factors during the study. The result shows from the study that, there is an association between depression and disability. The attained results explicit the overall functioning of people with physical disabilities.


This research presents a review on water resources in Delta state, southern part of Nigeria, with emphasis on hydrogeochemical and microbial assessment. It also evaluate factors responsible for water contamination, and their resulting health problems within the study area. To achieve the objective of this study, related articles were downloaded from Google, published article on influence of hydrogeochemical and microbial activities on water resources, these articles were thoroughly studied. Findings from this study revealed that groundwater was more studied than surface water. It was observed that groundwater within the riverine communities are much more prone to pollution when compared to groundwater in upland area. From reviewed article, it was observed that, larger percentage of groundwater showed presence of coliform. Study from reviewed article further suggested that hydrogeochemical processes such as rock water interaction, saltwater intrusion and precipitation influences groundwater quality within the study area especially within Sombreiro-Warri Deltaic Plain Deposit.


Intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of allenyl silyl ether (I) with various vinyl ethers is realized on the basis of electrophilic activation of the allene by a platinium—phosphine catalyst, affording predominantly the corresponding methylenecyclobutanes.


Abstract The arithmetic functionr−k(n) counts the number of ways to write a natural numbernas the difference of twokth powers (k⩾2 fixed). The investigation of the asymptotic behaviour of the Dirichlet summatory function ofr−k(n) leads in a natural way to a certain error termΔ−k(t). In this article we prove an asymptotic formula for the mean-square ofΔ−k(t).


The methodology of conducting meetings conceived and developed by G.Palmade had as its principal aim a pedagogy of the study of problems. Our conception of group work has been enriched and has changed its goal, both through choices informed by psychoanalysis and through practice in the field of health and social work. In reference to W.R. Bion's concepts of 'work group', the notion of the 'task' has become the criterion by means of which different types of group settings are classified. The foundations of this methodological framework remain valid for group work with therapeutic groups, supervisions, mediation groups, training groups, or intervention groups in institutions. The setting determines the space of analysis, the task of conducting the group, and the place from which one intervenes. Bion's topography (work group, basic assumption, protomental) gives a rational, emotional, and somatopsychic depth to our understanding of conducting groups.


The authors report on the observation and analysis of minority-carrier generation in the collector and the substrate of n-p-n bipolar junction transistors as a result of photons which are generated in the collector-base depletion region. Both the substrate current and the additional leakage current peak at V/sub BE/ approximately 0.8 V. In the authors' model of the phenomena, the photons induce the generation of carriers both in the depletion region and in the neutral region. The generated minority carriers in the neutral region diffuse and contribute to the substrate current and the junction leakage current. The contribution of the carriers that are generated in the depletion region is not dominant.<<ETX>>


This study employs the cointegration technique and the granger causality test to examine the impact and the causal relationship between money supply and economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data spanning 1980 to 2017. After critical exploration of both the theoretical and the empirical literature, the study concludes that money supply has a positive impact on economic growth. This is evidenced by the presence of cointegrated and long-run relationship among the variables. In addition, the Granger causality test shows the existence of unidirectional causality running from money supply to economic growth, hence result is consistent with numerous empirical literature. As such, government should put in place other policy measures that would encourage the effective workings of money supply in Nigeria. This may include proper engagement of monetary management to ensure that increase money supply does not lead to economic disorder in the long-run.


Background and Aim: The quality of sexual satisfaction of couples plays an essential role in marital dissatisfaction; therefore, sexual satisfaction training can be effective in reducing this marital problem. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sexual satisfaction model training on reducing couples' distress among couples referring to counseling centers. Methods & Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and a control group design. The statistical population of the study included all couples referring to counseling centers in Sanandaj City, in the academic year of 2019-2020. The instruments used in this research were Couple Burnout Measure (CBM). After selecting the sample and randomly forming two groups of 30 experimental and control groups, a pretest was conducted on the study groups. The researcher provided eight 90-minutes training sessions to the experimental group as a model of sexual satisfaction. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.MUK.REC.1397.5037). Results: The current research results revealed a significant difference (P≤0.001) between the experimental and control groups concerning marital boredom (F=35.581) and its dimensions, including physical fatigue (F=25.074), emotional exhaustion (F=39.031), and mental exhaustion (F=35.020); the effect of the educational program was equal to 0.42, 0.31, 0.41, and 0.39, respectively. Conclusion: The present study findings indicated that sex education model training was effective in reducing couples' referrals to counseling centers.


In this work we propose a novel deep neural network (DNN) architecture, ISNet, to solve the task of image segmentation followed by classification, substituting the common pipeline of two networks by a single model. We designed the ISNet for high flexibility and performance: it allows virtually any classification neural network architecture to analyze a common image as if it had been previously segmented. Furthermore, in relation to the original classifier, the ISNet does not cause any increment in computational cost or architectural changes at run-time. To accomplish this, we introduce the concept of optimizing DNNs for relevance segmentation in heatmaps created by Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP), which proves to be equivalent to the classification of previously segmented images. We apply an ISNet based on a DenseNet121 classifier to solve the task of COVID-19 detection in chest X-rays. We compare the model to a U-net (performing lung segmentation) followed by a DenseNet121, and to a standalone DenseNet121. Due to the implicit segmentation, the ISNet precisely ignored the X-ray regions outside of the lungs;it achieved 94.5 +/-4.1% mean accuracy with an external database, showing strong generalization capability and surpassing the other models' performances by 6 to 7.9%. ISNet presents a fast and light methodology to perform classification preceded by segmentation, while also being more accurate than standard pipelines.


In view of the dynamic characteristics of Software development risk,a multi-phases dynamic risk evaluation method was proposed based upon static fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,which adopted Schedule Performed Index and Cost Performed Index from the earned value theory,and evaluation process was described.Finally,practical example result was given to provide the more accurate references for project management.


The purpose of this study was to assess associations between substance use (alcohol to intoxication, heroin, and cocaine) and sexual activity, high risk sexual behaviors, and STD among detoxification inpatients (n = 470). Participants were surveyed on past 30 day substance use, past 6 month sexual behaviors, and STD in the past 6 months and/or over 24 months of follow-up. Logistic regression models adjusted for demographics found that cocaine use was significantly associated with being sexually active (ORadj = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1–4.8) and selling sex (ORadj = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.3–5.3). Alcohol and heroin were not significantly associated with sexual activity, high risk sexual behaviors or STD in this sample.


Rapid technological progress has made mobile devices increasingly valuable for scientific research. This paper outlines a versatile camera‐based water gauging method, implemented on smartphones, which is usable almost anywhere if 3D data is available at the targeted river section. After analysing smartphone images to detect the present water line, the image data is transferred into object space. Using the exterior orientation acquired by smartphone sensor fusion, a synthetic image originating from the 3D data is rendered that represents the local situation. Performing image‐to‐geometry registration using the true smartphone camera image and the rendered synthetic image, image parameters are refined by space resection. Moreover, the water line is transferred into object space by means of the underlying 3D information. The algorithm is implemented in the smartphone application "Open Water Levels", which can be used on both high‐end and low‐cost devices. In a comprehensive investigation, the methodology is evaluated, demonstrating both its potential and remaining issues.


The Forest (Conservation) Act (1980) including Forest (Conservation) Rules (2003) prescribe the necessary guidelines for use of forest land for non-forest activities. This Act is a unique piece of legislation in India, which tries to make a balance between "forest conservation" and "economic development." This Act is regulatory in nature rather than prohibitory. The process of decision making involving diversion of forest land for non-forest activities have also been decentralized, depending upon the area of forest land diversion. The road and highway projects have to face peculiar problems, as the roadside plantations, in many of the states, have been declared as "Protected Forest" by the concerned state government, and these road/highway projects require additional land in these protected forest areas for upgrading/widening purposes, necessitating the need for "Forest Clearance," which takes a lot of time and unnecessarily delays the whole project, causing cost overruns. Interpretation of the definition of "forest" by the Honorable Supreme Court of India has also widened the scope of the applicability of this Forest Act and has also introduced the system of Net Present Value (NPV) of the forest and functioning of Compensatory Afforestation Fund Planning and Management Authority (CAMPA). Further, the decision making process becomes much more complicated if a road/highway project requires both "Forest Clearance," as well as "Prior Environmental Clearance" under the environmental impact assessment (EIA) Notification of September 14th, 2006 (as amended in 2009). The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has issued several guidelines to deal with such cases. The present paper discusses in detail the salient features of the Indian Forest Act (1927) and process of "Forest Clearance" as per the Forest (Conservation) Act (1980) [including Forest (Conservation) Rules (2003)] and critically examines the efficacy of the present "Forest Clearance" process. It is expected that the present paper will give various highway professionals an insight in to the whole "Forest Clearance" process, along with the latest information/guidelines issued by MoEF, as well as the rulings of various judicial orders issued by the Honorable Supreme Court of India on related matters.


This paper reports that the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on saturated nucleate pool boiling heat transfer either in the presence or in the absence of glass beads in distilled water was investigated under reduced pressure. A flat heated surface 20 mm in diameter was immersed in the saturated working fluid and exposed to ultrasonic energy of 140 W with a frequency of 20 kHz. The heat-transfer coefficient with glass beads in distilled water was larger than that without glass beads, and up to a fourfold increase in the heat-transfer coefficient was obtained. The heat-transfer coefficient increased with a decrease of system pressure, while it decreased with an increase of heat flux. Observations using 35-mm photographs elicited some considerations on possible mechanisms.


The pollution of the environment with toxic heavy metals is spreading throughout the world along with industrial progress. Heavy metals even in trace amount are toxic to the environment and human health. Microbes related technologies may provide an alternative or addition to conventional method of metal removal or metal recovery. The present paper deals with the molecular characterization of heavy metal tolerant bacteria from contaminated soil and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were determined. The molecular analysis revealed that heavy metals tolerance bacteria were Bacillus cereus strain S2-8 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1 with  maximum homology 82% and 99% similarity respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values for Bacillus cereus, for Mercury salt (HgNO3), Lead (PbNO3), Chromium salt (K2Cr2O7) and Zinc (ZnCl2) were 10 mg/ml, 10mg/ml, 1mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. While the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values for Pseudomonas aeruginosa  PA1, for Mercury salt (HgNO3), Lead (PbNO3), Chromium salt (K2Cr2O7) and Zinc (ZnCl2) were 10 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml,10mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. Bacillus cereus strain S2-8 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1 have potential use for bioremediation of  heavy metals in  contaminated sites due to its ability to resist heavy metals.


Preexposure prophylaxis is a powerful biomedical intervention for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus. However, its implementation has been slow and uneven in the United States. Research into innovative agents, formulations and implementation, for preexposure prophylaxis, is ongoing, and a number of new and improved methods of delivery have been developed. However, the delivery of preexposure prophylaxis primarily by nurses, has not received much attention. We overview the global evidence and programs for nurse-led preexposure prophylaxis, and propose this as a feasible and promising implementation strategy for the United States.


Abstract. This paper presents a temporal video error concealment method specially designed for H.265/HEVC. We propose the quad-tree partitioning prediction and the coherency sensitive hashing in order for better error concealment performance in the corrupted frames via HEVC codec. First, we try to deduce the most probable partitioning of the missing coding tree unit (CTU) using the proposed quad-tree partitioning prediction, which generates several CUs that constitute the CTU. Then, a coding unit (CU) priority choosing method is applied to select the best one from these CUs for prior concealment. Last, the coherency sensitive hashing is adopted for concealing the chosen best CU for better searching quality. The experiments shows that the recovery performance of the purposed method surpasses the compared state-of-the-art methods since the quad-tree partitioning prediction, the priority choosing process, and the coherency sensitive hashing help to improve the overall performance.


Salicylate levels were determined in serum from 240 volunteer blood donors who had denied recent drug exposure. Twenty-seven serum samples had levels ranging from 1.6 to 13.6 mg/100 ml, indicating exposure to salicylate preparations, which presumably were not considered by donors to be drugs. The observed elevated salicylate levels might affect adversely an extremely hypersensitive blood or plasma recipient. Salicylate ingestion might also suppress fever in donors.


Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an irreversible decline in kidney function. Dializer reuse is the act of using a dialyzer more than once on the same patient. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in hemoglobin levels in CKD patients who underwent hemodialysis therapy using a reuse dialyzer in the Hemodialysis Room of Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. The design of this research is quantitative research with cross sectional design. Using a purposive sampling technique a number of 40 respondents. Based on the Wilcoxon test showing p>0.05, it can be concluded that there is no difference in hemoglobin levels before and after hemodialysis and dialyser reuse. The results of the One Way ANOVA test of 0.648>0.05 and the results of the Kruskal Wallis test of 0.716>0.05 can be concluded that there is no difference in the average hemoglobin level before hemodialysis, dialyzer reuse remains safe for up to 7 times use and does not affect the decrease in patient's HB levels.
Keyword : Chronic Kidney Disease, Hemodialysis, Hemoglobin Level, Reuse Dialyzer
ABSTRAK
chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) merupakan penurunan fungsi ginjal yang irreversible. Pemakaian ulang dializer (dializer reuse) merupakan tindakan pemakaian dializer lebih dari satu kali pada pasien yang sama. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui perbedaan kadar  hemoglobin pada pasien CKD yang menjalani terapi hemodialisis dengan menggunakan reuse dializer di Ruang Hemodialisa RSUD Dr.Saiful Anwar Malang. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sejumlah 40 responden. Berdasarkan uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan nilai p>0.05 dapat disimpulkan tidak ada perbedaan kadar hemoglobin sebelum dan sesudah hemodialisa dengan dialiser reuse. Hasil uji One Way ANOVA sebesar 0.648>0.05 dan hasil uji Kruskal Wallis  sebesar 0.716>0.05 dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan rerata kadar hemoglobin sebelum hemodialisa, dializer reuse tetap aman hingga pemakaian 7x dan tidak mempengaruhi penurunan kadar HB paisen.


A thousand years ago,Hong Kong was covered by a thick forest.Now there is no forest left,though there are still some small areas cov-ered with trees.


ABSTRACT
The aims of this research are: (1) to describe errors made by eleventh grade students of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Surakarta in their writing descriptive texts, (2) identifying the types of lexical errors, grammatical errors, and discourse errors and also explain the frequency of each type of errors, and (3) describing the dominant type of errors, and identifying the sources of errors. The researcher uses qualitative research because the researcher do not set hypothesis and test it but focus on analyzing after taking the data. The researcher uses elicitation method in her research to get the data. The subject of the research is the eleventh grade students of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Surakarta. The researcher takes erroneous on descriptive texts of eleventh grade student for the object of the research from 31 student's worksheet in writing descriptive texts. The researcher found the type of errors based on the data, they are lexical, grammatical and discourse. (1) the lexical errors level is 35 errors (10,54%), (2) the grammatical errors level is 268 errors (80,72%), and (3) the discourse errors level is 29 errors (8,75%). The highest errors that the learners made is in misordering noun phrase with the total errors is 29 errors (8,73%).

Key words: errors analysis, descriptive text, sources of errors.


This study examined mistletoes in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in South Western Uganda. In 6.4 ha, comprising 64 plots, divided between disturbed and less disturbed forests, spanning on an elevation range of 1160 to 2607 m a.s.l. 1,496 mistletoescounts were recorded, comprising of 21 species in seven genera and two families. These were hosted on 542 host trees comprising of 45 species in 18 unique mistletoes –host families. These mistletoes showed a preference for stems growing in open conditions with the mean density of 356 ha-1 versus 129 ha-1 in denser forest. The most abundant mistletoe species were found in the altitudinal range of a1000.5-1500m and 1500.5-2000.5m a.s.l with minimum numbers of counts dominated by Englerina woodfordiodes (with a count of 151 contributing to 23.18 %.) and Phragamenthera usuiensis (with155 counts contributing to f 42.8% of mistletoes in Bwindi forest).Mistletoe abundance differed significantly between altitude ranges (P < 0.001) although it was similar between the forest edge and interior sites (P= 0.565).Nevertheless, six mistletoe species were recorded over one hundred times each and another six species were recorded only once implying that the species list is incomplete. Application of Chao's estimator indicated that mistletoe species richness is likely to exceed 40 species suggesting that mistletoes represent a significant component of the forest's botanical diversity.


Theology and religious studies answer distinct questions: Theology is committed to the truth of a concrete religion, but lacks universality. Religious studies are dealing with all religions, but are bracketing off the question of truth. Both are for the time being incomplete, because all academic studies must combine universality and truth. Both need one another. The article outlines the way how general religious studies may help theology to a better understanding of its task - especially by explaining the theological contrast between 'revelation vs. religion' as a typical phenomenon of 'secondary religions' which originated by criticism of primary religions.


The invention provides a multiple emulsion type adjuvant for a foot-and-mouth disease vaccine and a preparation method of the multiple emulsion type adjuvant and relates to the field of medicine preparation. The multiple emulsion type adjuvant for the foot-and-mouth disease vaccine is composed of the following components including, by mass, 50-65 parts of mineral oil, 10-35 parts of vitamin E, 3-5 parts of castor oil ethyl oxide, 2-8 parts of tween 80, 2-6 parts of n-amyl alcohol, 1-4 parts of stearyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and 1-5 parts of deionized water. The invention further provides the foot-and-mouth disease vaccine containing the multiple emulsion type adjuvant and a preparation method of the foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. The foot-and-mouth disease vaccine containing the adjuvant can be completely absorbed by animals in short time on the premise of good stability and immunological enhancement effect, inflammation of the inoculation position is avoided, and therefore, side reaction is reduced remarkably.


Objective. To define age-related dynamics of bone tissue mineralization in children, adolescents, and young people residing in Novosibirsk city. Material and Methods. A total of 1226 patients at the age of 6 to 23 years were examined. Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) with bone densitometer and using pediatric software version and US sex and age reference database. Results. According to DEXA data the bone mineral accumulation in children spine tissue proceeds non-uniformly in different age periods. During the age period of 6 to 23 years the lumbar spine BMD increases by 0.525 g/cm2 (50.3 %) in males and by 0.454 g/cm2 (45.6 %) in females. In females a spine bone mineralization peak occurs at the age of 20–21, and in males – 22–23. Bone mineral density values directly correlate with sex and age parameters both in females and in males, and reliability of correlation ratios widely varies depending on the period of physiological development. Conclusion. The revealed patterns of spine bone mass accumulation in the growing children and adolescents should be accounted in diagnostics of osteopenia.


The core of the problem of rural land is how to deal with the transfer of rural land contract management right, the circulation of rural land contract management rights is a great impact on the development of rural economy, due to the development of urban and rural areas, the development of rural land contract and management rights transfer, the development of the two or three industry will have a certain impact on economic development.


Background: Outdoor air pollution and continuous exposure to ambient air pollutants like particulate matter are among the leading contributors to adverse respiratory health outcomes all over the world. This association between air pollution and the impairment of respiratory functions is evident from number of epidemiological studies. Health risk from particulate pollution is especially high for some risk groups such as children and elderly persons, and those with diseases of lungs. However, there are still many issues to be clarified before we know the real causal relationship between air pollution and health effects. Specific air pollutants have not been identified as causes of health effects. This specific study has been conducted with an objective to evaluate the effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory symptoms and diseases of children, in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra state in India.
Methods: Comparative cross-sectional quantitative study was undertaken in the Chandrapur district with two geographical locations – study and control between August-November 2013. The data included primary data collection from school children to assess the lung function among children, flow meters were used and readings were recorded.2000 school children were selected in this study. Epidemiological information was collected from them by administering structured tool (2000) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was measured through use of Flow Meter (2000).Data was analysed using frequency tables, crosstab analysis and chi-square test to show significance.
Results: Statistically significant difference is observed in prevalence of dry cough, night cough and sneezing symptoms between study and control groups. Statistically significant difference is observed in prevalence of dry cough, night cough and sneezing between less than or equal to 5 km (5 km) distance from the industry. Within study group rhinitis showed statistically significant difference for distance less than 5Km and more than 5Km between home and industry by chi square test.
Conclusion: There is a significant effect of ambient air pollution on respiratory symptoms of school-aged students with high prevalence of the symptoms in the study area which is the industrial area than the control area. Presence of multiple industries in or near the village is more harmful than the single industry. Additionally, it also shows that the presence of steel, cement and paper industry in or near a village has caused more ill-effects as compared to coal and thermal industry.


In wireless networks, intermediate nodes are often used as relays to reduce the transmission energy required to deliver a message to an intended destination. The selfishness of autonomous nodes, however, raises concerns about their willingness to expend energy to relay information for others. This paper considers the effect of selfishness on energy efficiency using a non-cooperative game theoretic approach. A two-source relaying game is formulated for both non-fading and fading scenarios. We show that cooperative transmission with optimum energy allocation is a Nash Equilibrium in non-fading channels when the sources are sufficiently patient. In fading channels, cooperative transmission with optimum energy allocation is also a Nash Equilibrium when a ceiling is applied to the relay energy of each source. Simulation results show that sources acting in their own self-interest can achieve an energy efficiency close to that of centrally optimized energy allocation in many cases.


The experiment carried on the correlation analysis of 48 cucumber varieties and 9 factors related to the traits of cucumber, and discovered the cucumber curving on related character. After the principal components analysis, selected 3 main factors of fruit stalk length, fruit length, fruit cavity/fruit diameter which were closely related to the cucumber fruit bending traits, and carried on multiple regression analysis. The study proved that there was a linear relationship between 3 main factors and the bending, and established the mathematical expression formula about different degrees of bending in cucumber fruit.


Determining the time-varying phase spectrum of non-stationary signals is important for the quantification of the dynamics between signals and has been widely used in detecting synchrony between chaotic oscillators. Current work in quantifying time and frequency dependent phase information relies on either the Hilbert transform or the complex Morlet wavelet transform [1]. Although these methods are effective at extracting the time-varying phase information, they have some drawbacks such as the assumption that the signals are narrowband for the Hilbert transform and the non-uniform timefrequency resolution inherent to the wavelet analysis. In this paper, we propose using a general class of complex distributions belonging to Cohen's class for defining time-varying phase spectrum and phase synchrony. This new class of distributions is defined using the spectrogram decomposition of time-frequency distributions and is shown to have improved performance in detecting phase synchrony compared to existing methods using simulated signals.


Abstract This essay proposes that viticulture (growing grapes for wine) was an international set of colonial tactics for transforming landscapes and for propagating a worldview of cultivation and control in the nineteenth century. By virtue of propagating grapes, Americans and Australians sought to prove themselves and their landscapes as solidly located within the accepted Western narrative of world history which claimed that all powerful nations, since antiquity, had successful grape cultures. A study of the international mid-nineteenth century grape craze reveals similarities and crucial differences in colonial viticultural rhetoric and aesthetics. The Western capitalist dedication to growing wine in America and Australia reveals that the eighteenth-century 'ethic of exploration' had successfully transformed into a nineteenth-century ethic of cultivation.


The function of the negative adverb "mo" changed during Archaic and Medieval periods. As a result of the interaction of internal and external causes, "mo" could mean general negation as well as negation of prohibition, which appeared more frequently during Wei-jin Periods, Southern and Northern Dynasties. There were three internal causes for "mo" to become a negative adverb. First, the uncertain pronoun "mo" means "nobody" or "nothing" in semantically. Second, the grammatical location of "mo" may arouse reanalysis of the sentence. Third, the modification function of adverbs facilitated the formation of the negative adverb "mo".


The models in all other chapters in this book assume that synapses are static, i.e., that they change their "weight" only on the slow time scale of learning. We will discuss in this chapter experimental data which show that this assumption is not justified for biological neural systems. As a matter of fact, this assumption is also unjustified for all hardware implementations of artificial neural nets where the sizes of synaptic "weights" are stored by analog techniques (see chapter 3). The consequences of this are threefold:


In this article we explore one of the most promising technologies for 5G wireless networks using an underlay small cell network, namely proactive caching. Using the increase in storage technologies and through studying the users behavior, peak traffic can be reduced through proactive caching of the content that is most probable to be requested. We propose a new method, in which, instead of caching the most popular content, the users within the network are clustered according to their content popularity and the caching is done accordingly. We present also a method for estimating the number of clusters within the network based on the Akaike information criterion. We analytically derive a closed form expression of the hit probability and we propose an optimization problem in which the small base stations association with clusters is optimized.


This independent research has three main objectives: (1) to examine the factors impacting organizational performance, (2) to examine the impact of organizational learning on organizational innovation, (3) to help management to encourage and support organizational learning and oganizational innovation among employees. The researcher used quantitative questionnaires distributed to 141 people and interviewed 13 people. The researcher employed Simple Linear Regression and Multiple Linear Regression to analyze data from the questionnaire and contents analysis for the interviews. The quantitative findings indicated that organizational innovation has more impact on organizational performance than organizational learning. Moreover, the researcher found that organizational learning impacts organizational innovation while the qualitative findings implied that the organization should promote organizational learning and innovation to improve organizational performance. Based on the findings, it is recommended that (1) the organization should establish better and proper reward policies for new ideas and innovations proposed by employees and (2) it should provide more well-designed wellness programs to retain employees and create multiple recruiting strategies to attract talents and (3) the organization should encourage employees to improve their professional competencies actively.


Objective To study the adjuvant effect of fused gene IL-2/Fc on immune responses induced by HBV preS2S genetic vaccine.Methods BALB/c mice were immunized at 0,2,4 weeks as following:HBV preS2S genetic vaccine was chosen as the basic immunization,followed by the administration of pcDNA3.1IL-2/Fc as adjuvant at the 3~(rd)day.Then anti-HBs titers,CTL cytotoxieity levels,proliferation of lymphocytes and cytokines levels secreted by cultured splenocytes were tested respectively.Results The humoral and cellular immune re- sponses enhanced by pcDNA3.1IL-2/Fc after HBV preS2S DNA vaccination in mice were dominant higher than control groups.Conclusion pcDNA3.1IL-2/Fe may be a potential genetic adjuvant.


Objective To observe the 5-minute short route heart rate variability in healthy pregnant women,and investigate whether the TP could be used as the parameter of pregnant women's autonomic nerve function. Methods 97 healthy pregnant women and 46 healthy unpregnant women were chosen randomizely and arranged into observe group and control group respectively. The total 143 women were taken 5-minute short route heart rate variability examination one after another. Results The value of TP in pregnant women were lower than that in the healthy women significantly (P0.05). Conclusion The 5-minute short route heart rate variability examination could be used as the parameter of pregnant women's autonomic nerve function.


The concept of sister cities as a cooperation mechanism for sub-national actors has been spread and grown significantly for these 70 years. The issues covered can involve not only economics and culture but also the sustainability of the environment. As the world faces extreme climate change challenges, cities become the most vulnerable areas. This paper examined the role of city diplomacy between Bandung and Seoul concerning the restoration of Cikapundung river. How strategic was this cooperation scheme in promoting a better environment and preservation as both cities have large populations and modern lifestyles? The research used qualitative method through a study case. The data were collected through secondary resources, such as government documents, journals, and databases. The analysis found that city diplomacy has a strategic role in solving the primary problem of river damage. Both governments collaborated with other actors to rehabilitate the river. Unfortunately, there was no ongoing sustainable cooperation to preserve the river. There are still more stages that need to be completed to fulfill the standard of river management. We hope there will be sustainable cooperation to support a sustainable environment in the future as the impact could be directly felt by all the living beings within it.
Keywords: Bandung; environment; river management; sister city; Seoul


In this paper, a new structure of HVDC transmission system is proposed. Only inductors and capacitors are added to the conventional DC transmission system. Firstly, the special commutation process of the new system is analyzed, and the quasi steady state model of HVDC transmission is established. Then, the different calculation methods of extinction angle between the new system and the original system are analyzed, and the principle that the new system can reduce the commutation failure probability is analyzed. Then, the functions of the newly added inductor and capacitor are analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the new system in reducing commutation failure probability is verified by simulation and comparison with conventional HVDC transmission.


To analyze the stability of beam structures accurately and reduce the order of the system stiffness matrix,a model reduction technique based on transfer matrix method and exact finite element method is presented.The noncollinear branch chain substructure with elastic supports is modeled as a super element.In combination of exact stiffness matrix of beams,the force-displacement relation between both ends is developed by the transfer matrix method.The symmetrical stiffness matrix of the super element in the global coordinate system is derived,which has the same order as the classic beam element and can be assembled into the system stiffness matrix directly.The Euler critical force of the structure can be obtained from the determination of the reduced system stiffness matrix.The internal DOFs of the substructure are not used in the model,so the order of the model is greatly reduced and the accuracy of the computation is guaranteed.The validity and efficiency of the proposed method are shown by solving various numerical examples found in the literature.


This paper addresses the issue of trust within the ad hoc context. Several models which claim to model trust are evaluated and a trust framework is then devised which bases itself on clustering technology. Our model aims at providing trust information about originally unknown nodes while making optimum use of computational capacity, which can be quite scarce in pure ad hoc networks. The use of trust data to generate relationships between nodes is therefore strongly favoured to applied cryptography, which generally involves intensive resource consumption. The method proposed also draws on statistical derivations to propose a condition of normality while attempting to provide definition to behaviour.


The effect of ginger on lipid oxidation in fatty pork was investigated during the boiling process. The results of the investigation are summarized as follows : 1 ) When pork fat was boiled without ginger (referred to pure fat for the purposes of this study) , the induction period in the oxidation process ended after 3 hr of boiling at 98•Ž. The POV and TBA values of fat boiled with the addition of ginger (5-50% of fatty pork) were close to the POV and TBA values of unboiled fat. 2 ) When the fat was stored at 30•Ž after 4 hr of cooking, the POV and TBA values of the fat increased rapidly during the first 17 days; in the case of fat boiled with the addition of 20-50 % ginger, the induction period did not end, even after 90 days. When 5-10 % ginger was added, the induction period continued for 44 days. 3 ) After cooking the fat for 4 hr and storing it at 30•Ž , a sensory evaluatoin was made at the end of 3 and 7 days. It was noticed that the rancid flavor of the pure fat was stronger than the fat boiled with 5 % ginger. 4 ) The fatty acid composition of the fatty pork was shown to be 43% oleic acid, 18 % palmitic acid and 14 % linoleic acid. 5 ) Quantitative analysis of the fatty acids in the stored fat revealed that the ratio of linoleic acid to linolenic acid in the pure fat was lower than the fat boiled with ginger, while the ratio of palmitic acid to stearic acid was higher in the pure fat than the fat boiled with ginger. (Received August 1, 1987 )


A Digital Logic Trainer is used to train students on experimental verification and implementation of basic logic gates. This research work describes a digital logic training (DLT) module designed and constructed using semiconductor components such as diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits. The DLT module can be used to verify logic gate theorems including Boolean expressions, combinational logic designs and Karnaugh's reduction techniques for a given logic circuit. The front panel of the DLT module comprises of different Boolean symbols for easy logic gates identification and operates effectively on a 5 V DC rectified from a 220 V AC power supply. The DLT module performs favourably well when compared with commercially available types and comes at a lower production cost.


During the last years, the European Union (EU) has made significant progress in developing electricity and gas markets, promoting energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions (European Commission, 2010) In 2019, the EU proposed the European Green Deal (EGD), a set of 50 actions for the coming five years across all sectors of economy to prepare the EU economy for development of climate neutral society by 2050 (EC, 2019) Energy sector action is central to the EGD The EGD puts the aim to achieve a 90% reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport by 2050 To support the low carbon transition in transport, 75% of inland road freight should shift onto rail and inland waterways and zero- and low-emission vehicles should appear on the road Under EGD, the EU initiated review of energy and climate package to scale up GHG emissions reductions, boost the deployment of renewables and energy efficiency, and review the Energy Taxation Directive The new Industrial Strategy for Europe, along with the Circular Economy Action Plan and the SME Strategy set for developing a competitive, climate-neutral and digital industry in EU The EU Sustainable Transport and The paper deals with challenges of low carbon transition of Baltic States and provides discussion of energy and climate policies and ranking of countries based on achievements in low carbon transition including energy poverty issues which are key issues during transition towards low carbon future The study applies MCDM tool - COPRAS for ranking Baltic States in terms the most important climate change mitigation and energy poverty indicators For this purpose, the framework of indicators was developed based on literature review Three scenarios were developed for ranking of countries based on results of just low carbon energy transition The paper provides also policy recommendations based on study conducted in three Baltic States


Feeding of 3,3-dimethyl[1-14C]acrylic acid to Mentha pulegium L. led to a tracer pattern in (+)-pulegone [p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one] that indicated extensive degradation of the additive and probable incorporation as acetate units. A previous report of intact incorporation of the acid could not be substantiated.[2-14C] Mevalonic acid was incorporated into (+)-pulegone to give asymmetric labelling whereby almost all the tracer was associated with the isopentenyl pyrophosphate portion. The pattern also showed that if (as is believed on the basis of time-incorporation studies) terpinolene [p-mentha-1,4(8)-diene] was a precursor of pulegone, oxidation at the two positions α to the exocyclic double bond occurred at comparable rates.


Four strains including Aspergillus niger,Aspergillus oryzae,Aspergillus usamii,and Rhizopus arrhizus,which had strong raw starch-digesting capability,were screened from 6 Aspergillus strains.Then mix strains fermentation were carried out.The experimental results indicated that the raw starch-digesting capability of the produced crude enzyme improved evidently(D group increased by 5.43 %(as the lowest),E group increased by 10.0 %(as the highest)).Besides,the strain species would influence raw starch-digesting capability markedly.


The disappointments of the Washington Consensus have led to the search for a new paradigm to replace it. The chief failing of the Washington Consensus was that it represented an approach based on "rules of thumb." As such it was not well grounded either in economic theory or in the reality of actual countries. I discuss several strands of new thinking that have appeared following the demise of the Washington Consensus, and argue in favor of an explicitly diagnostic approach.


In this study the changes in the level and volume of Kovada Lake which is located within the boundaries of Isparta province in the Mediterranean Region of our country and the correlation of the climate element changes have been examined. The research area is located within the Mediterranean Climate impact zone. However, as a result of the impact of the Taurus Mountains, the impact of the continental * Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Coğrafya Bölümü, El-mek: firstname.lastname@example.com 442 Muhammet BAHADIR Turkish Studies International Periodical For the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 7/3, Summer, 2012 climate is also observed. In order to manifest the impact of climate change in a regional sense the study of water surface changes in addition to climate elements carries major significance. In the long term period (1975-2010) an increase in temperature and evaporation in Kovada Lake and its watershed and a decrease in precipitation have been discovered. This change in the climate elements has been reflected as a loss to the lake level and volume; during the same period the lake level and volume decreased. An increase of 0.7 °C in temperature and an increase of 120 mm in evaporation have taken place in the study area. A decrease of 20 mm in precipitation has occurred in the same area. When the affiliation of the climate elements and lake level and volume changes were studied, a significant medium level negative directional relationship between the changes in temperature and level (0.502) and volume (-0. 473) were discovered. On the other hand, a strong significant level positive directional relationship between precipitation and lake level (0.758) and volume (0.751) changes and a significant medium level negative directional relationship between evaporation and lake level (-0.476) and volume (-0.426) were determined. As a result of analysis carried out it was concluded that the changes in Kovada Lake level and volume were due to changes in precipitation rather than changes in the temperature and evaporation.


A brief introduction to the early development of the library of the Society of Telegraph Engineers is given, together with a list of periodical holdings in the present IEE Library (up to 1900).


In this essay, I suggest that racism experienced in schools contribute to race-induced trauma in Black students. I propose that this occurrence needs to be examined further through an anti-colonial and anti-racist framework as it aims to challenge the silencing, subordination and passivity of racialized bodies. Using anti-colonial discursive and anti-racist frameworks enables an interrogation of the school systems in that it questions the culture of the school, representations, and curriculum. To contextualize this paper, I locate myself, and I share some personal stories of racism. This paper hopes to interrogate the possible and potential sources of ethical dilemmas for anti-racist research. I further argue, that it is essential that elementary schools incorporate spirituality as a means of formulating resilience and perseverance to such occurrences. This paper seeks to answer questions of responsibility. I then address the possibilities of such research when using anti-racist and anti-colonial methodologies.


Objective To investigate whether there is latency of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in the ciliary body of normal human eyes. Methods Parts (1/3) of the 15 fresh eyeballs from normal healthy donors were used for immunohistochemical staining to exclude from acute infection of HSV-1. After the residual ciliary bodies were taken out, 1/3 was centrifugated for co-culture with Vero cells, and DNA was extracted from the other 2/3 for PCR and gel electrophoresis for the detection of HSV-1 DNA and latency associated transcript (LAT). Results All the 15 samples were negative of immunohistochemical staining and the results of co-culture of Vero cells with the supernatant containing the ciliary body tissues were also negative. No pathological changes in the cells were observed. In the 15 samples, no. 4, 5, 7 samples were positive of HSV-1 DNA but negative of HSV-1 LAT, whereas the other 12 samples were negative of HSV-1 DNA and HSV-1 LAT. Conclusion HSV-1 DNA exists in the normal human cilicary body.


Objective The aim of this study is to compare the values of dobutamine (DB T) stress test and exercise (Ex) 99m Tc MIBI myocardial imaging in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods 120 patients suspected of CHD underwent pharmacologic and exercise stress 99m Tc MIBI myocardial imaging. Among them, 70 cases were confirmed CHD by coronary angiography, 50 cases were excepted. Results The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detecting CHD between DB T and Ex were different significantly (94.3% vs 75%; 88% vs 61% and 91.7% vs 68.4%, P 0.01, respectively). Conclusion These results suggested much higher sensitivity and specificity in DB T stress test than in Ex stress.


The on-ball balancing mobile robot is a robot which achieves a full range of movement by rolling the ball, it can work flexibility and freedom in narrow areas. In this paper, a dynamic model is established by using Lagrange method to the on-ball balancing mobile robot. On the basis of PID control, a fuzzy self-adjusting PID control method is proposed to control the robot's balance. The simulation results show that the fuzzy self-adjusting PID controller can achieve the balance control of the ball effectively and has the characteristics of fast response and small overshoot.


Within many organizations various individuals are going through the process of selecting a data base management system (DBMS) in the hope of providing increased information capabilities. Although selection processes vary, the goals remain relatively consistent from organization to organization: provide the greatest capability at the lowest possible cost commensurate with organizational requirements. Many data base practitioners, including the authors, have written articles on achieving these goals through analysis of organization requirements and requisite DBMS features. UnfortunateJy, many other indirect and possibly costly factors exist and are yet all too often ignored through oversight or inability to obtain sufficient information for analysis. The authors contend that these factors can be just as important in the long run as the obvious criteria. The classification of "other factors" includes ease of use, administrative support, systems support, applications support and training and documentation. These factors exist for any DBMS installation regardless of function or type of organization, but vary widely between DBMSs and even within DBMSs depending on intended use. The importance of these "other factors" cannot be stressed too strongly. In most current DBMS selection processes, initial cost remains an important factor, while projected costs


The aim of this placebo‐controlled study was to evaluate the effect of various inferior turbinate surgery techniques on Eustachian tube dysfunction‐related symptoms.


Exploring successful case studies, scholars and industry experts concur that artificial intelligence (AI) and 5G technology, as holistic solutions, exhibit remarkable efficiency. The integration of AI has notably resolved wireless communication dilemmas that defy traditional modeling approaches, substantially diminishing technological uncertainties. Furthermore, 5G technology is poised to amalgamate communication, computation, sensing, and control across diverse industries. However, the convergence of these capabilities also introduces complexity, a challenge that can be effectively addressed through the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning functionalities. These cutting-edge technologies not only ensure data security but also satisfy stringent latency requirements while minimizing the burden on both communication and computation resources. In this context, a thorough examination of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications geared towards optimizing communication, computation, and resource allocation within the realm of 5G technology holds paramount significance.
In pursuit of this objective, the study endeavors to offer a comprehensive outlook on the current landscape of artificial intelligence research within the 5G domain. By scrutinizing recent studies, we aim to encapsulate the contributions and prevailing trends associated with these technologies. Ultimately, our aim is to empower researchers and industry practitioners with insights that will facilitate informed decision-making when selecting the most suitable machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches for their endeavors.


Abstract A silicone rubber based graphite electrode has been used as an indicator electrode for potentiometric acid-base titrations. The electrode potential changes an average of 30 mV per pH-unit. If the electrodes are pretreated with a solution of an oxidant before use, the pH-sensitivity is increased. The electrode can be used in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. A measuring cell, composed of a silicone rubber based graphite electrode of small surface area and a chloride-selective reference electrode, can be used for acid-base titrations in the micro range.


The theoretical foundation for the subsequent research is laid. Deep learning methods are widely used to extract and analyze image semantic features, and lay a solid foundation for the research of image classification techniques. Based on the relationship between big data and artificial intelligence technology, this paper firstly outlines the process of generation and development of deep learning, and elaborates the restricted Boltzmann machine model from the perspective of energy model, and then introduces the application principle and specific application scheme of deep belief network model and convolutional neural network model in image classification field in detail, which lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent research.


During the chronic stage of Schistosoma infection, the female lays fertile eggs, triggering a strong anti‐parasitic type 2 helper T‐cell (Th2) immune response. It is unclear how this Th2 response gradually declines even though the worms live for years and continue to produce eggs. Here, we show that Schistosoma mansoni downregulates Th2 differentiation in an antigen‐presenting cell‐independent manner, by modulating the Th2‐specific transcriptional program. Adult schistosomes secrete miRNA‐harboring extracellular vesicles that are internalized by Th cells in vitro. Schistosomal miRNAs are found also in T helper cells isolated from Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes of infected mice. In T helper cells, the schistosomal miR‐10 targets MAP3K7 and consequently downmodulates NF‐κB activity, a critical transcription factor for Th2 differentiation and function. Our results explain, at least partially, how schistosomes tune down the Th2 response, and provide further insight into the reciprocal geographic distribution between high prevalence of parasitic infections and immune disorders such as allergy. Furthermore, this worm‐host crosstalk mechanism can be harnessed to develop diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for human schistosomiasis and Th2‐associated diseases.


Mohammad Iqbal regarded as one of the most important thinkers of India during the turn of the century . He was born in 1873 in Siyalkote , India . Iqbal came from prominent families and religious. Her father is an educated and progressive figure for the size of the community in his day . Rather than send their children to traditional schools , he would prefer a new school Iqbal entered the English language . Towards Iqbal graduated from high school , his father encouraged him to get into a state university in Lahore , where Iqbal completed Bachelor level ( BA ) in 1897 . He specializes in the field of literary Arabic , Persian , and Islamic Studies under the guidance of Shaykh Meer Hassan , a famous intellectual in India . Copyright (c) 2014 by SDI. All right reserved. DOI:  10.15408/sdi.v2i1.845


Objectives: To compare mechanical, infectious, and thrombotic complications of internal jugular; subclavian and femoral venous catheterization at an post surgical and medical intensive care unitsMethods: It is a retrospective study in which the data from the medical records was evaluated and analyzed. Data, such as sex, date of insertion and removal, failure to place, malposition, complications and site of central venous catheterization were recorded. Landmark-based central venous catheterization using seldinger technique was performed under all aseptic precautions in 597 patients in postsurgical and medicine intensive care units. Central venous catheterization by three different routes i.e. IJV, SV and femoral vein were performed in critically ill patients.Results: Incidence of mechanical, infectious, and thromboembolic complications of central venous catheterization was 8.71%, 7.37 %, and 2.68% respectively. Incidences of different mechanical complications are as follows, arterial puncture4.18%, hematoma 3.18%, pneumothorax 1 %, haemothorax 0.33% .Incidence of central venous catheter with failure to place at various sites were 11.72 %. Incidences of central venous catheter with malposition at various sites were 6.36%.Conclusion: We found that complication rates of CVC insertion at our hospital are similar to those reported previously. Based on our experience, internal jugular venous access is associated with a low rate of mechanical complications like arterial punctures, hematoma, pneumothorax, thrombosis. Incidence with infection was least with subclavian cannulation.


Viral hepatitis C (VHC) infection is associated with many systemic diseases. Amongst these, the association with ischemic heart disease is underdiagnosed in Sub-Saharan Africa context. We present a case of acute coronary syndrome in a Cameroonian patient with viral hepatitis C with low cardiovascular risk. A 75 years old female followed up for hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to VHC cirrhosis. She was admitted in the hospital for a sudden, resting, intense constrictive thoracic pain lasting more than one hour. This patient initially consulted the gastroenterologist, but secondarily the cardiologist 24 hours after the previous consultation. The initial workup showed ST segment elevation in lead V1 to V4 with Q Wave in the same territory and elevated value of Troponin Ius and CPKMB. Cardiac ultrasonography found akinesia in the anteroseptal and apical segments. Other biological exams showed a dyslipidemia without other cardiovascular risk factors. Despite poor financial resources, the patient was managed with Enoxaparine 8000 UI/12H, Clopidogrel 75mg/24H, Aspirine 100mg/24h. Rosuvastatine 10Mg/24h, Ramipril 2,5mg/24h and Nebivolol 2.5mg/24h, tramadol 100mg/8h, trimetazidine 35mg/12h, omeprazole 40mg/24h, molsidomine 1mg/8h. The pain disappeared 24hours after the beginning of the treatment. In sub-Saharan Africa with high burden of viral hepatitis C infection, we should consider this possibility in patients who present ischemic heart disease with lowcardiovascular risk.


N-Carbamylmaleamic acid (malur) undergoes cyclodehydration under favourable conditions, as expected, to give N-carbamyl maleimide. N-(Carboxymethyl) maleamic acid (malgly), however, does not undergo a similar cyclization reaction. Strong π bonding between the C and N of the amide group as well as two intramolecular hydrogen bonds makes malgly a planar molecule, as revealed by single-crystal X-ray studies.


Perspective: An ongoing loss of expertise on the biochemistry and physiology of marine organisms hampers our understanding of biological mechanisms upon rapidly growing "-omics" approaches reply -ultimately affecting our ability to predict organismal responses to climate change.


The scientific research is devoted to the law characterization of risk. Risk as a law category has a rather contradictory assessment in matters of subjects activities of civil law, including in situations of bringing them to civil law liability. We present doctrinal opinions regarding the risk concept, as well as the provisions of Russian civil law containing regulatory prescriptions regarding risky activities. We point out that the risk theory correlates with the general scientific theory of probability, and illustrative examples are given that prove such a connection between them. The purpose of the study: to conduct a doctrinal and legal analysis of risk as a civil category, as well as to formulate the author's definition of the concept under study. The methodological basis of the work is based on such methods as: comparison method, complex analysis method, as well as a number of special scientific cognition methods: historical, comparative legal, formal legal. The author's formulation of risk concept, including a number of identifying features, is proposed. We indicate that risk is a category of subjective-objective property. We conclude that the fact of the existence of the so-called increased responsibility is presumed by the nature of such activity, which is expressed in an increased risk of its implementation, and which this person is aware of, accepted, and because of its objectivity in the activities of a person cannot be completely excluded.


From Van Gogh's letters and from the implications of his paintings, Meier-Graefe has drawn the materials for this dramatic interpretation of the life of the Dutch post-impressionist whose disordered and tragic personality found its only expression in his pictures.


This paper evaluates the sensitivity of filters commonly used in macroeconomics to data revisions. Using real-time data, I demonstrate that the Hamilton filter is significantly less sensitive to data revisions than the Hodrick Prescott filter and the Band-Pass filter; therefore, its application would allow real-time policy recommendations consistent from those obtained with the ex post revised data.