Many consumer devices, such as portable game consoles or cellphones, can be described as battery-powered wireless embedded devices. Many of these are not taking advantage of virtual machines, certainly not for their core tasks, instead relying on C or close derivatives for implementing their behaviour. However, faced with software that becomes more and more dynamic and hardware that is increasingly heterogeneous, the move to virtual machines is as necessary as it is unavoidable. From our own experience in developing software for battery-powered embedded devices we describe features that these upcoming virtual machines should possess in order to win over the embedded crowd and be a viable competitor against C, not just the only viable option.


Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess the prescribing pattern in geriatrics, analyze the prescriptions using World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators, and to assess the appropriateness of prescriptions using Beers criteria 2012. Methods: This retrospective drug utilization review study was conducted for a period of 6-month. Prescriptions of in-patients above 65 years were collected and documented. Collected data were then analyzed with the WHO core prescribing indicators and 2012 American Geriatrics Society Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Results: A total of 205 in-patient prescriptions were collected. The majority of patients (73.66%) were in the age group of 65-74 years. The most commonly found comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Average number of drugs per prescription was 9.09. Percentage of encounters with an antibiotic and injection prescribed were 81.46% and 95.12%, respectively. A total number of drugs prescribed by its generic name were 235 (12.60%). Among 1865 medicines prescribed, 1215 (65.15%) were prescribed from National List of Essential Medicine (NLEM). Gastrointestinal agents (17.28%) were the most frequently prescribed class of drug followed by cardiovascular drugs (17.14%). Based on 2012 Beers criteria, 66 (32.19%) prescriptions were found inappropriate. Conclusions: Our study suggests that current practice in our hospital is associated with greater polypharmacy and inappropriate medication use. Prescribing from NLEM was fair. Use of injectables and antibiotics were high. Drugs prescribed in generic name were low. In future, multidisciplinary approach should be endorsed for rational drug use in the geriatric population. Keywords: Drug utilization, Geriatrics, Beers criteria, National List of Essential Medicine, World Health Organization core prescribing indicators.


It has been recognized now for some time that the heavy neon isotope, neon-22, is overabundant by a factor of 3 to 4 with respect to neon-22 in the cosmic ray source compared to the ratio of these isotopes in the Solar System. In view of the otherwise remarkable similarity of the chemical composition of the cosmic ray source and the composition of the Solar Energetic Particles, the anomaly regarding the neon isotopes is so much more striking. The observed excess of neon-22 is too large to be explained as a result of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy since the formation of the Solar System. Further information on the origin of the neon-22 excess may come from a comparison of the energy spectra of the two neon isotopes. If the cosmic radiation in the solar neighborhood is a mixture of material from several sources, one of which has an excess of neon-22, then the source energy spectra of neon-20 and neon-22 may differ significantly.


From the completion of the intercontinental rail road system in 1869 until 1910, political life in California was dominated by the railroad indus try, and its biggest conglomerate, the Southern Pacific Railroad (popularly known as the "Espee" or "SP"),1 which was laser-focused on maintain ing its profit margin and monopoly on power. One of the leaders of the fight against the rail road, Fremont Older, described the situation in his autobiography:


The remediation of oil contaminated soils has been a major problem in oil producing countries and recently use of thermal energy to clean such soils has been on investigation. This study was carried out in order to identify the effect of high temperature using laboratory methods on the concentration of heavy metals present in petroleum contaminated soil. Three temperature concentration levels of 800oC, 1000oC and 1200oC were used in the treatment of the contaminated soil. The results revealed that the pH and heavy metals such as Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni concentration of petroleum contaminated soils were significantly affected by the applied temperature concentration at a significance level of (P< 0.05). Heavy metals concentration was reduced in soil with 800oC temperature application with a 66.51% remediation percentage when compared with remediation temperature of 1000oC and 1200oC which has a remediation percentage of 59.50% and 64.49% respectively. The implication of the findings of this study is that a temperature of 800oC using laboratory methods can lead to cleanup of crude oil contaminated soil and the reduction in toxicity of crude oil in soil which can help to restore polluted soils back for agricultural use. This study therefore provides a basis for further study on the geotechnical properties of soils treated using laboratory methods of thermal treatment.


The abundant heat accompanying the sunlight can be used to generate other forms of energy. Thermoelectric generator are important devices for this kind of means of harnessing the sun energy. A lot of heat are being wasted in industries that have machines that generate heat and in our homes during cooking. Thermoelectric generator is studied in this regard and a sample is designed and simulated for the purpose of utilizing this wasted energy. A temperature difference of up to 200 0 C is found to be generated from a 4mV electric potential by the designed TEG.


Introduction Generation of clean energy from fossil or bio-based fuels is one of the principal challenges of this century. Emerging technologies such as CO2 capture and chemical looping combustion (CLC) offer the promise of reduced emission of greenhouse gases [2,4]. Gas-solid flows form an integral component of the industrial devices that are used to implement these technologies. For instance both the CO2 capture and CLC are implemented using fluidized beds, where the solid particles are made to behave like a fluid by the use of high pressurized fluid. Understanding the complex gas-solid flow in these industrial devices is crucial for their successful operation.


Density-dependent mortality in young life stages should strongly limit the potential for additive effects caused by stocking of fish sizes that are smaller than size at recruitment into the fishery. Indeed, stocking models have suggested that stocking of fry should not elevate year class strength in self-sustaining stocks. However, limited data based on replicated and controlled experiments are available to support this prediction. We performed a pond experiment (N = 4 per treatment) to compare the stock enhancing outcome of stocking hatchery-reared northern pike (Esox lucius) fry and the natural production of young in self-recruiting pike populations. We also added a treatment where pike fry were stocked into ponds that otherwise did not have pike to mimic the absence of natural recruitment. Fry stocking into self-reproducing stocks did not elevate year class strength over unstocked controls. However, in the absence of competition, year class strength of juveniles in late summer emerging from fry stockin...


Summary: The transport of α-aminoisobutyric acid and α-methyl-D-glucoside by isolated renal tubules from Sprague-Dawley rats at different stages of development follows a separate age-dependent pattern for each substrate. The effects of 6 mM maleic acid on transport processes differ for amino acids and sugars and become manifest at distinct points during development. Maximum inhibition by maleic acid occurs at a time subsequent to maturity of these transport systems. In an effort to explain these transport phenomena, the uptake and metabolism of 14C-labeled maleic acid by the newborn or adult renal tubule was studied, showing significant binding by the tubule membrane, penetration of the cell by diffusion, and no conversion to 14CO2. Maleic acid has no demonstrable effect on the membrane-associated enzymes which are thought to play a role in the transport of small molecules.Speculation: Although the mechanism by which maleic acid inhibits the transport of sugars and amino acids hi the adult rat tubule preparation remains unexplained, it is clear that its effects are age-related and independent of the maturation of these transport systems. This observation is consistent with the delayed appearance of the Fanconi syndrome seen in human cystinosis, and suggests that the progressive tubular dysfunction in this syndrome and in the maleic acid model is secondary to genetically directed intracellular metabolic changes expressed during development.


Objective To instruct the extent of extended resection and choose the proper method of wound reparation after tumor removal through the assessment of tumor invasiveness.Methods Four kinds of pathological specimens including normal skin,seborrheic keratosis,basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were used in this study.After paraffin-embedded serial sections of all the specimens,immunofluorescent staining of E-cadherin,β-catenin,and HER-2 are carried out to observe the staining results in order to evaluate tumor invasiveness of different pathological types.Results The expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin is higher in epidermal cells of the normal skin and seborrheic keratosis but decreased in that of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.HER-2 expression in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma is higher than that in normal skin and increased skin SK.Conclusion E-cadherin,β-catenin,and HER-2 expression in skin tumors is an important indicator in the assessment of tumor invasiveness which plays a role in guiding clinical surgical treatment.


Cranberry oil is a sufficiently perspective compound for using in the semisolid rectal dosage forms because it possesses regenerating, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory actions together with practical toxicity absence. The aim of this work is the study of influence of the excipients, which are used in suppository manufacturing (delivery bases and surfactants) on the biopharmaceutical characteristics of the rectal dosage form with cranberry oil. Materials and methods . Concentration of surfactants in all rests was 2 % from the suppository mass, cranberry oil contain was 0.25 g in each suppository taking into account data of the advance investigations. Study was carried out according to plan of single-factor analysis of variance with repeated observations. Releasing of cranberry oil from the suppositories was chosen as a parameter of optimization for the first step of biopharmaceutical availability study. The study was carried out by equilibrium dialysis method by Kruvchinsky at the temperature 37.0 ± 0.5 oС through the semipermeable film "Kuprofan". After 30 minutes the antioxidative activity was set on the model of non-fermentative initiation of the free radical oxygenation in all dialysates. Results . According to the presented data factor A (sort of base) and factor B (sort of surfactant) make significant influence on cranberry oil releasing from the suppositories (F exp. >F tabl ). At the same time influence of the surfactants sort is slightly more significant than for the base. Also, interaction between these factors was statistically significant. On the base of obtained data, the range of influence of studied factors on the intensity of releasing of cranberry oil bioactive substances from suppository formulation was arranged: В > А > A x B. Conclusions. Variance analysis of results revealed that formulation with confectionary solid butter and emulsifier №1 provide optimal releasing of cranberry oil from the suppositories.


Introduction : The aim of this study was to clarify the process by which family physicians succeed their parents in their family's clinic and issues that successors experience during this process. Methods : Subjects were certified family physicians in Japan who either succeeded their parents in their clinics or were working regularly at their family's clinic and were planning to succeed their parents. Participants were recruited through a certified family physician mailing list or privately contacted, and participated in a semi-structured individual interview. The text of the interviews was thematically analyzed. Results : Twelve participants were interviewed. All were male. Seven participants succeeded their parents. Family physicians succeeding their parents in their clinics felt implicit expectations towards succession from their family members and communities, which made them think that succession was the goal. They realized that they had no ability to decide on the timing of succession, clinics have customs and continuity, predeces-sors have different ideas about professionalism, and family businesses are complex. They felt conflict, espe-cially about predecessors, in their emotions towards family members and ideas based on professionalism. Conclusion : We clarified the process of succession by family physicians in their family's clinic, and the issues and conflicts they face during this process.


It is concluded that: &dquo;Public dental care programs must be administered over a relatively long time span before net benefits accrue on an annual basis. With our 'best estimates' $350 benefit for each tooth saved, $10 cost for each surface restored, and an 8 percent rate of discount it would be six years in the Richmond program, and seven years in Woonsocket, before positive annual net benefits accrued. It would take 11 years for the Richmond program and 14 years for the Woonsocket program to generate sufficient total benefits for each program to cover total costs. While policymakers may strongly support public dental care programs according to criteria other than costeffectiveness, the results of this investigation may explain the reluctance of communities to institute publicly financed dental care programs for children.&dquo; Tables. References.


145 sets of digestive trials with total faeces collection method were carried out using adult Angora rabbits for determination of digestible energy and digested crude protein of feeds. The chemical compositions, contents of digestible energy and digested crude protein in 145 diets and 84 species of feeds were tested. Based on these data, the formulas of predicting the contents of digestible energy and digested crude protein of protein feeds, energy feeds, fresh feeds, roughages anti diets by chemical compositions were set up with the multiple regression analysis technique.


Mafic rocks in the granulite facies terrane of the Adirondack Highlands form at least 3 and possibly as many as 6 groups, based on field, petrographic, and geochemical criteria. Most abundant is the olivine metagabbro-amphibolite group (OMA), equivalent to the mafic suite'' of Olson (J. Petrol. 33:471, 1992). OMA occurs in irregular to tabular bodies, locally with intrusive relations, in all major rock types in the E and central Highlands. OMA is strongly olivine normative and forms a continuous differentiation series (Olson, 1992). Plagioclase-two pyroxene-garnet granulites (PGG) form dikes up to several m wide, in anorthositic host rocks. PGG are ferrogabbroic or ferrodioritic and approximately silica saturated. Two subgroups differ sharply in Mg, P, and trace elements. Ferrodiorite and monzodiorite gneisses (FMG), quartz normative and commonly migmatitic, occur in several large bodies in the NE Highlands and as extensive thin sheets in the W and SE Highlands, in association with anorthositic rocks. Three subgroups are distinguishable using Mg/Fe ratios and trace elements. Major element least-squares modeling suggests that both PGG and FMG could be derived by fractionation of gabbroic anorthosite liquids. A differentiation series is not evident, however, and both trace element (Ba, Rb, Sr, Zr and REE) data and more » normative plagioclase (An [>=] plag. in anorthosite) indicate a more complex origin. One subgroup of FMG may be early cumulates of the mangerite-charnockite suite. The chemistry of OMA, PGG, and FMG reflects their evolved nature and cannot be readily interpreted in terms of magma sources. « less


As services become a key source of differentiation, a growing number of new products exhibit the inclusion of both goods and service components. Assuming that firms operate under budget constraints, the decision to introduce new services versus new goods for hybrid products becomes a key strategic variable. Three studies examine how consumers balance their desires for goods versus service innovation in hybrid products and under what conditions these preferences shift. Findings reveal that consumers prefer the locus of innovation to reside on the goods component and this preference is strengthened by positioning the hybrid as a physical product. However, designing for customization and social networking shifts preferences towards innovation of the services component. Further, pricing the two components differentially produces asymmetric effects of perceived benefits for each element of the hybrid. The results suggest that firms can design and price the goods and services components uniquely to maximize overall profitability.


An important consideration in pregnancy is the relationship between infection in the mother and the developing foetus. Infections can indirectly impact the foetus through effects on the mother, for example, maternal urinary tract infection is associated with preterm birth, or can infect the foetus. Routes of infection can be ascending from the birth canal through the cervical os, transplacentally, or rarely, contiguously. The effect on the mother is also important: pregnancy is considered an immunosuppressive state and the growing foetus causes significant mechanical and physiological changes. Although the first trimester is the key developmental phase for the growing foetus, during the third trimester the mother is more susceptible to severe respiratory infection and some viral infections such as varicella zoster virus (VZV), due to the mechanical changes produced by the growing foetus. There is a paucity of evidence supporting the safety of drugs in pregnancy. Use of any medicinal drug in pregnancy, including antibiotics, requires good reasons. The optimum choice of antibiotics depends on the trimester of the pregnancy. In general, beta-lactams are safe and tetracyclines should be avoided throughout pregnancy. Nitrofurantoin is safe until after thirty-five weeks gestation and trimethoprim should be avoided in the first trimester but is safe otherwise (perhaps with folic acid supplementation if < 20 weeks). Specific patterns of colonization and infection of the genitourinary tract can be associated with an increased risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome, particularly preterm birth. Sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth, which may extend to infection in the pre-conception period. Bacterial vaginosis is an abnormal pattern of vaginal colonization and is also linked with an increased risk of preterm birth. The US Center for Disease Control recommends screening all pregnant women for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B, symptomatic women for trichomonas and genital herpes, women considered at high risk of preterm birth for bacterial vaginosis, and women at high risk of blood-borne virus infection for hepatitis C. Treatment is administered to reduce the risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, trichomonas, and bacterial vaginosis) or to prevent transmission to the infant (herpes, HIV, hepatitis B, and C).


In this paper we construct an equilibrium model to formalize Coase's idea on the function of the firm in improving transaction efficiency. The relation ship between the division of labor, economic growth, and the evolution of ec onomic institutions are investigated. 1 AN APPROACH TO MODELING INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT


Glasses of the system xFe2O3·(1-x)[Bi2O3·PbO·As2O3] in the composition range 0.5≤x≤30 mol% were investigated when prepared at 1000°C and 1250°C, respectively. The study was performed by means of EPR of Fe3+ ions. The effects of melting temperature on the valence state and structural distribution of iron ions were shown.


Recently, anisotropic black phosphorus (BP) has been reported to have significant physical and mechanical properties, and BP-based mass sensors have the latent applications in detecting the mass of nanoparticles attached on BP. In this paper, an orthotropic plate model (OPM) attached concentrated mass and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are adopted to investigate the dynamic characteristics of rectangular single-layered BP-based (RSLBP-based) mass sensors. The influences of mass, position of the attachment and RSLBP size on the fundamental frequency of RSLBP-based mass sensor are discussed. The results show that when attachment mass increases, or the position of attachment moves from the edge to the middle of RSLBP, the fundamental frequency of the RSLBP-based mass sensor decreases. The fundamental frequency of RSLBP-based mass sensors decreases more significantly with increasing the attachment mass when the size of RSLBP is very small. The results calculated by OPM attached concentrated mass are agreed well with the results calculated by MD simulations, which indicates that the OPM attached concentrated mass can forecast the dynamic characteristics of RSLBP-based mass sensors significantly.


The tendency of global MHD models to overestimate the transpolar potential in simulations of strong geomagnetic storms and evidence of an adverse feedback of the ionospheric conductance on the potential suggest that these models lack important physics leading to the conductance enhancement. Farley‐Buneman instability in the auroral ionosphere provides this lacking physics. This instability is believed to cause strong anomalous electron heating which affects the ionospheric conductivity. We use an earlier developed model of anomalous electron heating to estimate the ionospheric conductance disturbance as a function of the local electric field. This result is used to modify the ionospheric conductance in the LFM model to study its effect on the simulated transpolar potential. An idealized and a real‐case simulations are accomplished. In both cases a considerable drop in the simulated transpolar potential is found. The latter is in a good agreement with AMIE model and DMSP data.


The generalization of thermodynamics in the formalism of fractional order derivatives, allowing to take into account non-local effects in the thermodynamic processes, is made to the development of approach proposed in our recent publications. A one-parameter (depending on the fractional order derivative index) equation of state is derived. On its basis the calculation of entropy, isochoric heat capacity and compressibility factor for a monatomic gas and multi-component systems in a wide temperature and pressure range is realized. Thus, the thermodynamics in fractional calculus contains the traditional thermodynamics as a special case and expands the scope of its application.


8 ASUBTITLE: THERE IS A CLEAR NEED FOR MORE AIRPORTS IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA SPANNING HONG KONG, MACAU, AND GUANGZHOU, ZHUHAI AND SHENZHEN IN SOUTHERN CHINA: BUT ALREADY THE EXISTING AND FUTURE AIRPORTS ARE PITCHING THEIR CLAIMS TO A MAJOR INTERNATIONA


Join us at the 4th annual Lansing Holiday Market! This is a mainly indoor event (some food trucks in parking lot for your enjoyment) but… Find KS craft shows, art shows, fairs and festivals


This paper describes how the thermal design of the RPW antennas on Solar Orbiter deals with the constraining environment and presents especially the test campaigns performed on a breadboard and samples at high temperature under vacuum as well as the difficulties to simulate a 0.28 AU representative e nvironment.


The effect of feeding 33 mg of retinol daily for two days on liver and plasma lipids of rats has been studied. The secretion of liver TG into plasma of retinol fed rats has been measured by the use of palmitic acid-1-14C and of Triton WR 1339. Liver and plasma lipids, TG, phospholipids and PC were significantly higher in retinol fed rats as compared to control rats. The incorporation of palmitic acid-l-14C into liver TG, PC and PE was significantly higher in retinol fed rats. The labelling pattern with time of liver and plasma TG and PC shows that the secretion of liver TG and PC into plasma was impaired in retinol fed rats.


In the summer of 2000, and following the murder of eight-year-old Sarah Payne, the British tabloid, the News of the World, ran a 'name and shame' campaign, giving names and addresses of 'known paedophiles'. There followed a series of 'riots' in which those named were targeted; the most publicized and perhaps most orchestrated of these occurred in Paulsgrove in Portsmouth. This article is about the broadsheet press coverage of the so-called riots in Paulsgrove.1 Hence, I want to emphasize that it is not about the participants themselves (to whom I have no access), but about the ways in which they were represented. This coverage, I argue, contains a middle-class horror of the mob, projected on to the women who appear in these representations.2 This horror cuts across conventional Left/Right distinctions: 'liberal left' newspapers were just as likely to depict the women in terms expressing horror as those on the right. While I do not want to commend the actions of the protesters, I do want to draw attention to their vilification and to argue that broadsheet press representations had less to do with the actions themselves, and more with a mingled horror of, and fascination with, working-class women. My argument is not that these representations are distorting a 'truth', but that they are constituting working-class women (for a mainly middle-class readership) as Other to a middle-class norm. What I am concerned with here is, first, the way in which the concept of 'the crowd' or 'the mob' is strategically used to legitimate some forms of protest and to pathologize others, and, second, the ways in which class and gender are built into the heart of notions of 'the mob'. There are, of course, also dangers in romanticizing these women. So, I want to refuse the choice between pathology and romanticism, and to draw attention, instead, to the ways in which the politics of protest can be rendered both mad and pathological through invoking the personal characteristics of the protesters. This invocation has everything to do with the ways in which cultural meanings of class and gender circulate. 103


Apart from the fact that Henry James may not have wished to create such a black and white situation—the innocent American lamb thrown to the continental wolves of Paris—in his novel The American it is possible that the author himself may have expected a less simple interpretation of his novel than that which such scholars and critics as Joseph W. Beach, Constance Rourke, and even F. O. Mathiessen have afforded it. To accept the popular interpretation of the work as a rather transparent story of the victimization of a "good na-tured" American by a Borgia-like Parisian family seems to involve an oversight of much explicit and implicit information in the novel, which suggests that Mrs. Bread, the true mother of Claire de Cintre, was a blackmailer claiming both Newman and the Marquise de Bellegarde as victims; that Newman, by dint of his characteristic American naïveté and his opacity as a judge of character, was completely "taken in" by her ruse; and that Claire's refusal to accept Newman in marriage came as a direct result of her having been informed by the Bellegardes of her true parents—the old Marquis and his "meanest of mistresses," Catherine Bread.


For the transmission program of the new planetary gear power split continuously variable transmission with no belt drive,a hydraulic control system was designed to achieve a different gear using combinations of the two shift solenoid valve to control the different clutches and brakes.The use of digital valve enables the clutch start and shift between basic file and continuously variable file smoothly.The hydraulic control system has the advantages such as simplicity,easy controlling and practicality.


The linear sequence specification of a gene product is not provided by the target DNA sequence alone but by the mechanisms of gene expressions. The main actors of these mechanisms, proteins and functional RNAs, relay environmental information to the genome with important consequences to sequence selection and processing. This 'postgenomic' reality has implications for our understandings of development not as predetermined by genes but as an epigenetic process. Critics of genetic determinism have long argued that the activity of 'genes' and hence their contribution to the phenotype depends on intra‐ and extraorganismal 'environmental' elements. As will be shown here, even the mere physical existence of a `gene' is dependent on its phenotypic context.


The process of frost burl formation is explained on a cellular and somatic level. Somatic changes in cells consisting of fragmentation, loss of translocatable centromeres, formation of micronuclei. and numerical changes and rearrangement of chromosomes lead to the establishment of a chimeral condition induced by low temperatures. Chimeral tissue is characterized by deformed cells with complete and incomplete cell plates, hyperplasia, hypoplasia, senescence of storage cells, and realignment of tissues.


This paper is dedicated to discuss the fixed deviation synchronization for generalized type neural networks with piecewise constant argument. Based on fixed deviation stability theory, by utilizing discontinuous controller, a sufficient condition is derived to ensure the fixed deviation synchronization between two identical non-directed neural networks. At last, a simulation example is offered to verify the validity of this fixed deviation synchronization criterion.


Based on the former theoritical analysis and practicable testification of ultrasound dying inliteratures [1][2], the possible of ultrasound dying with vat dyes was preliminarily investigated. Itappeared that the ultrasound dyeing with vat dyes could not only increase the dye-uptake,improve even and permeatable effects, but also realize dyeing at lower temperature in shorter time and achieve the same shape-deepen with few dyes.The ultrasound dyeing has bright prospective of development.


Discrete time‐series models can be used for the dynamic response prediction of linear structures. When structural nonlinearities are present, it may be possible to modify the form of the discrete time‐series model to account for the nonlinearities. One approach is to allow the model parameters to become functions of state. This paper explores some possible forms of the parameter functions for various nonlinear structures. Numerical case studies using both a Duffing oscillator and a combined viscous and coulomb damped oscillator are presented. Also, experimental data from a highly nonlinear aircraft landing gear strut are used to evaluate different model forms. The results from these studies show the potential for future applications of nonlinear time‐series models.


This paper is a researched study on Magneto hydrodynamic power generation, which provides a way of generating electricity directly from a fast moving stream of ionized gases without the need for any moving mechanical parts i.e. turbines or rotary generators. It is based on the physics background of space plasma .The basic principle on which it works is the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction .In this device, plasma (ionized gas) is the working fluid similar to the mechanism that is happening in the magnetosphere of our atmosphere. Except for the fact that the process is controlled and the fluid density and pressure can be increased to get maximum efficiency in the generating power. Most of the problems arise due to the low conductivity of the gas at high temperature, however high temperature gaseous conductor at high velocity can be passed through a powerful magnetic field and current can be generated and extracted by placing electrode at suitable positions in the gas stream .Hence the thermal energy of gas is directly converted in to electrical energy.


This paper discusses organizational key capabilities allowing focal firms to implement previously defined voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) (e.g., codes of conduct) in their entire value chain(s). Our case study research identifies five key capabilities of a focal firm to make value chain partners (i.e. direct tier-1 as well as indirect tier-2..n subsuppliers) comply with VSS: inter-firm dialogue, risk management, external stakeholder collaboration, cross-functional integration, and
continuous improvement. We propose that those capabilities are contingent on the prevailing power relationship between the firm and its suppliers. The organizational key capabilities identified may extend the theory of institutional entrepreneurship with concepts that facilitate the institutional change in value chains with respect to corporate sustainability.


Submitted for the DAMOP15 Meeting of The American Physical Society Measurement-induced generation of a macroscopic spin singlet NAEIMEH BEHBOOD, FERRAN MARTIN CIURANA, GIORGIO COLANGELO, MARIO NAPOLITANO, ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain, GEZA TOTH1, Department of Theoretical Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain;, ROBERT J. SEWELL, ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain, MORGAN W. MITCHELL, ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain; ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i — We report the production of a macroscopic spin singlet (MSS) in an atomic system [1] using collective quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement as a global entanglement generator [2]. Using an unpolarized ensemble of up to 106 cold atomic spins, we observe 3 dB of spin squeezing and detect entanglement with 5σ statistical significance using a generalized spinsqueezing inequality [3], indicating that at least half the atoms in the sample have formed singlets. [1] N. Behbood et al., "Generation of Macroscopic Singlet States in a Cold Atomic Ensemble," Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 093601 (2014). [2] R. J. Sewell et al., "Certified quantum non-demolition measurement of a macroscopic material system," Nat. Photon. 7, 517 (2013). [3] G. Tóth and M.W. Mitchell, "Generation of macroscopic singlet states in atomic ensembles," New J. Phys. 12, 053007 (2010). 1IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain; Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Robert J. Sewell ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain Date submitted: 29 Jan 2015 Electronic form version 1.4


The mode with a nearly critical magnetic field is used as the working mode in surface-wave magnetrons, which are used in the millimeter wavelength range, especially in its short-wavelength part. In this mode, as is known (1), the space charge of the magnetron can contain self-oscillation s, even in the absence of a modera- ting or resonance system at the anode surface. These self-oscillation s have the character of traveling waves. Their mechanism is not yet known, although its study is necessary for the solution to the problem of the Sup- pression of parasitic oscillations by the working oscillations. A theoretical analysis of one type of nonresonance oscillations of the space charge at a magnetic field induction B = Bcr is given in the present report. The type of oscillations being studied are close in nature to oscillations of an axisymmetric character, which can occur in this mode with bias of the magnetic field (2). As in the self-oscillation s discussed in (2), the variable component of the charge density in the mode under consideration is due to the fact that electrons yielding energy to the variable field strike the anode at the top of the trajectory. However'theeect rswhichtakeene rgyfrmthevariabefiedaongthep athfromthecathod e to the anode do not strike the anode and return to the cathode. Thus, electron fluxes moving from the anode to the cathode periodically appear and disappear in the interelectrode space. These fluxes create variable fields, which cause sorting of the electrons with respect to the character of the trajectories near the anode surface. In the present report, in contrast to the oscillations discussed in (2), we study oscillations having the character of traveling waves. Sections of the interelectrode space in which the electron trajectories consist of only the direct branch alternate periodically with sections in which the electron trajectories consist of both the direct branch, traveling from the cathode to the anode, and of the reverse branch, traveling from the anode to the cathode. The boundaries of the sections move with a certain velocity, which is the velocity of the travel- ing wave. Let us determine the conditions which must be satisfied by the boundarie s separating the sections of space with the interaction of two electron streams and those with one stream. These conditions later allow us to establish the connection between the spatial period of the oscillations and the anode-cathode distance. First we consider that in a coordinate system whose velocity equals the velocity of the traveling wave these bound- aries are stationary and coincide with the reverse branches of the trajectories of those electrons whose radial velocity passes through zero at the anode surface. Thus, the unknown conditions are those under which the radial velocity of an electron at the anode equals zero. To determine these conditions we use the following simplifying assumptions. We assume that the mag- netic field strength equals the critical value and the cathode emission current is considerably less than the current limited by the space charge (Fig. 1). The latter condition corresponds to the modes of cathode opera- tion usually used in surface-wave magnetrons. We will also neglect secondary emission from the cathode, which corresponds to low-voltage surface-wave magnetrons. We neglect all effects connected with the cylin- drical character of the interaction space and consider the magnetron to be plane.


Phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC) predicts that closely related species will have similar distributions along major environmental gradients, e.g. temperature. We test this theory by comparing the central tendencies of temperature for selected woody genera, and investigating whether these genera have a similar rank order (sequence) across continents and hemispheres. A strong correlation may indicate niche conservatism, as inherited temperature tolerance would best explain a positive correlation.


A 3D viscoplasticity problem is solved for a finite segment of a thick-walled pipe with allowance for large strains. The process of loading of the pipe surface is divided into sufficiently small time intervals. For each instant of the passage to the next interval, we calculate the generalized forces reduced to the nodes located at the vertices of the Lagrangian octagonal elements into which the pipe segment is partitioned. At each time instant, the edges of the elements form a frozen-in Lagrangian coordinate mesh. At each transient instant, the coordinates of the internal nodes are refined iteratively by shifting these nodes in the direction opposite to that of the action of the nodal generalized forces, which provides the minimization of these forces. To refine the position of the nodes on the surface, we minimize the discrepancy of the boundary conditions represented in the generalized form in terms of the stress vector and the relationships between the components of this vector for a prescribed friction law. Bilateral kinematic constraints are taken into account by fixing the coordinates of the nodes. Unilateral constraints are taken into account by transferring the nodes onto the constraint surface in case they enter the prohibited region. The rheological model of the material of the pipe is constructed on the basis of the model of a transversely hardening body modified for the case of large strains. The strain space is utilized as the basis space and the rheological model is represented in the form of integro-differential equations. The solution of this equation by Euler's method is integrated in the algorithm for the numerical analysis of the process of loading of a finite pipe segment. The choice of the strain space as the basis space is accounted for by the numerical technique applied for the analysis. This numerical technique was applied to the analysis of the process of elastoplastic deformation of thin plates in the axially symmetric case [1, 2] and showed good agreement between the computational results and the experimental data.


Neonatal mortality rate in Indonesia, namely 19 per 1000 live births, is 55,9% ofthe infantmortality rate.Eventhough there are numbers of Maternal Care Health (MCH) programimplemented, declining neonatal mortality is still slow. Current efforts todecreaseneonatalmortalityare designed through the provision ofneonatalcarevisits. Theyincludes vitaminKinjection, administration ofeye ointment, early detection ofdanger signs, and HB0immunization. This research aims to examinethe effect of neonatal care, particularly neonatalvisit, in relation toreduce neonatal mortality rate in Indonesia (Analisis Data Riskesdas2010). This research employedcross sectional design with total number of sample13.859children those born alive, aged 0-59 months.. Data was analyzed using multiple logisticregression based on the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). The result shows that the risk ofneonatal death is higher among neonatal who received less than 3 neonatal visitserviceswithORadj=12.77 (95%CI1,82 - 89,56) than their counter part who did not receive neonatalvisit ORadj=28.32 (95%CI 3,86 - 208,26). Neonateswith novitamin Kat the time of1stneonatal visit has higherrisk ofneonatal death, with p value < 0,001 and OR adj 34,5(95%CI 4,90 - 243,34). This study shows that a high quality of neonatal health servicescould prevent neonatal death in Indonesia.


The solubility method for determining solid-phase controls on solute activities in aqueous systems is subject to potential sources of misinterpretation. Measurement errors cause deviation of solid-phase solubilities from theoretical values, whereas autocorrelation between dependent and independent variables of a solubility diagram may lead to false interpretation of data points falling on a given solubility line. In this study, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed to determine the influence of measurement errors and autocorrelation on the interpretation of solubility data. For solid-phase control of Al activity at pH <6 for natural gibbsite, basaluminite, and jurbanite, deviation of apparent solubility from theoretical solubility lines of the solids due to measurement errors in pH, total inorganic monomeric Al, ionic strength, and SO 4 activity are usually small compared with the deviation expected when random numbers are used to generate a data set. As a result, solid-phase control was distinguishable from autocorrelation of random data except at pH 6 to 7. For a given metal oxide, autocorrelation interference is significant in a solubility study only when the OH/metal ratio of the predominant dissolved metal species is close to the OH/metal or O/Metal ratio of the solid phase. We concluded that the solubility method is a reliable and useful tool to study Al chemistry in acid soils if used with caution.


The main purpose of tax treaties is to prevent double taxation. However, it is a well-known problem that taxpayers use tax treaties in order to avoid taxation. The commentary on the OECD Model Tax Convention addresses the issue on how states should deal with abuse of tax treaties. A key question is whether or not a state has to grant the benefits of the treaty in these situations. According to the commentary, the answer is yes. Meanwhile, some scholars have argued that there exists an anti-abuse rule in taxation matters. According to this rule states do not have to grant the benefits of a tax treaty in cases of abuse, despite lack of support for this conclusion in the wording of the treaty. As yet this issue has not been discussed from a Swedish perspective. The object of this paper is to, from a primarily Swedish point of view, discuss and analyse the possible existence and consequences of an anti-abuse rule in taxation matters.

The theories in support of an anti-abuse rule in taxation matters can be divided into two groups. The theories in the first group are based on a general principle of law. It has been suggested that the prohibition of abuse of rights in international public law constitutes a general principle of law. It is a theory that this principle from international public law can be applied against taxpayers. I do not agree with this conclusion. In my opinion principles of public international law can only be applied in the relations between states. Another theory is that a general principle of law, according to which states do not have to grant the benefits of a tax treaty in cases of abuse, can be derived from municipal law. I cannot agree with this conclusion either. Firstly, the ICJ has never recognized this principle. Secondly, it is uncertain to which extent an anti-abuse rule in taxation matters is supported by municipal law. Finally, it can be argued that only principles governing the relations between states can constitute a general principle of law. The theories in the second group are based on the interpretation of the treaty in good faith and in consideration of its object and purpose. My understanding is that all tax treaties has to be interpreted individually in order to determine whether or not they include an anti-abuse principle based on this theory. This means that it is not possible to draw any general conclusions in this matter.

In this paper I also address the consequences of an anti-abuse rule in taxation matters for Swedish tax treaty law. My conclusions are based on an anti-abuse rule grounded on a general principle of law. I conclude that the existence of such a rule would mean that the application of the Swedish law against tax avoidance (skatteflyktslagen) in tax treaty matters would not constitute a breach of the tax treaty. However, it is not possible to deduce a universal standard for an anti-abuse rule, meaning that courts would still have to apply internal anti-abuse rules.


The difference of sensor devices and the camera position offset will lead the geometric differences of the matching images. The traditional SIFT image matching algorithm has a large number of incorrect matching point pairs and the matching accuracy is low during the process of image matching. In order to solve this problem, a SIFT image matching based on Maximum Likelihood Estimation Sample Consensus (MLESAC) algorithm is proposed. Compared with the traditional SIFT feature matching algorithm, SURF feature matching algorithm and RANSAC feature matching algorithm, the proposed algorithm can effectively remove the false matching feature point pairs during the image matching process. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has higher matching accuracy and faster matching efficiency.


Abstract Background The Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP; Purdon, 2005) is a screening tool of cognitive impairment that includes measures of verbal learning (immediate and delayed), working memory, verbal fluency, and psychomotor speed. The test has three alternative forms that require less than 15 minutes to complete. The main objective of this preliminary study was to examine the Persian version of SCIP as a screening tool for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Methods Reliability and validity data were collected from a sample of 98 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who completed three alternate forms of the Persian translations of the SCIP within a three-week period separated by a one-week delay. Results This study presents the first results of the Persian version of the SCIP in a sample of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and compares the results with those derived from the English and Spanish versions. Discussion The SCIP-P scores were reliable and valid for the detection of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Analyses confirmed that the three forms of the SCIP-P are equivalent and may prove useful for the rapid screening during routine clinical evaluation of schizophrenia.


R&D cooperation and production cooperation are regarded as two key dimensions of collaborative arrangements in the innovation and production system. Different from prior studies focusing on performance outcomes, this study emphasizes the antecedents which have impacts on firms' decisions of R&D cooperation and production cooperation. The antecedents are identified and categorized into organizational characteristics (market orientation and technological capability), technical characteristics (technology clockspeed and technology-production fit), and relational characteristics (asset specificity). Through statistical analyses on survey data of Chinese manufacturing firms, this study finds that two factors including technology clockspeed and asset specificity have significant effects on firms' decisions of R&D cooperation, while technological capability, technology clockspeed, and technology-production fit are confirmed to have significant effects on decisions of production cooperation.


Bladder cancer (urothelial carcinoma) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The treatment of the heterogeneous group of non-muscle invasive bladder tumours (NMIBC) with a combination of intravesical chemotherapy with regional hyperthermia (HT) -i.e. radiofrequency induced intravesical chemohyperthermia (RF-CHT)- was the subject of the systematic review of the LBI-HTA (since 03/2020 Austrian Institute for HTA, AIHTA). It was investigated whether RF-CHT is safer and more effective than other interventions. The most frequently used application is the Synergo® system, in which HT is administered by direct radiofrequency-induced irradiation of the urothelium. The treatment usually consists of two 20-30 minute sessions and aims to reach a temperature above 41°C for at least 20 minutes per session. There are prophylactic and ablative protocols, both consisting of a series of treatments. To evaluate the effectiveness of RF-CHT, four RCTs and one NRCT were included (503 patients*, 243 of them with RF-CHT). Conclusion: The technology is considered experimental and should only be used in clinical trials.


Single-factor acute toxicity test and orthogonal design were used to study the effect of the concentrations of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+), Ca~(2+)+ Mg~(2+) and Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+) on survival and growth of P. vannamei. The results show that (1) The LC_(50) of P. vannamei with Ca~(2+) is 407.38 mg" L~(-1) in 48 hour, while the LC_(50) with Mg~(2+) is 741.31 mg·L~(-1). (2) When Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+) equals 1 : 10, the survival of shrimp is not affected. (3) The growth of P. vannamei has close relation with the concentration of Ca~(2+) , which would affect the growth of P. vannamei, whether it is high or low. When Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+) equals 1:3, the growth and survival rate will rise with the qualitative increasing concentration of Ca~(2+)+ Mg~(2+). When it reaches a certain degree, those rates will descend with the increasing concentration.


The manufacturing process of compressor blades from heat-resistant double-phase titaniun alloy BT8M1 (Ti-5Al-4Mo-lSn-lZr) for Motor-Sich JSC turbo-shaft engine has been studied. The objective of study was definition of the manufacturing factors affe-cting the blades altering of resistance to fatigue and definition of critical points of the manufacturing process. of cold plastic deformation with intermediate in


The relationship between market structure and employer behavior leads to debate the relationship between the technological behavior of companies, organizational transformation and economic development. Controversy questions whether if this last one is dynamized by the increase of capital gain or with better life conditions. In general, it is assumed that technological progress explains the structural changes in an economy by the appearance of new products and sectors, and that it is not enough to expose businesses to the external knowledge if there isn´t an effort to internalize it.


During the last few years the damage caused by insects have greatly increased in the open-air museums and homedistrict museums in Finland. In many cases, when the destruction was first noticed, the valuable objects and buildings were so badly destroyed that some of them were completely ruined. This is due to the change of the field of activity of some destructive insects. From the forests they have come to live in old buildings. Such insects are : Anobium Thomsoni, Eremotes Ater, Buprestis haemorrhoidalis (Buprestid beetle). Even some other insects which are already known occur in our museums. Such are Anobium punctatum (Death watch beetle) and Anobium pertinax. The most destructive insect Hylotrupes bajulus (House longhorn beetle) occurs in the South-West island districts of Finland. The worst damage has been in the handicraft museum at Luostarinmaki in Turku, in the open-air museum at Seurasaari, in the museum at Pernio, and in the National Museum in Helsinki. -- AATA


A kiln car has horizontal support beams mounted to vertical supports to define multiple vertical levels and support crossbeams. At least one low set stack of bricks - typically two bricks high - is disposed on the cross beams of each level and is located between the vertical support beams. Air space occupies the area along the sides and top of each low set stack of bricks. The method involves passing the kiln car through a tunnel kiln. The horizontal support beams are preferably mounted to the vertical posts using at least one of a lug, an opening formed in the vertical post, and a pin. The kiln car may be loaded using a first carriage having a conveyor and a second carriage having spaced-apart rollers that interfit between the crossbeams. Alternatively, the kiln car may be loaded using a fork that can support the cross beams and bricks thereon.


Taking the knowledge acquisition theory of concept disign as a base and adopting the technique of next generation Internet,the basic theory of description,discovery and integration of designing knowledge was being studied.The model of issuance,discovery and integration of designing knowledge based on technique of next generation Internet consisted of designing entity,resource unit and registration center of product design was put forward.Emphatic study was made on the modelling oriented to the characteristics of product function and the description of XML skeleton and on the model of information exchange of design entity,resource unit and registration center of product design.The prominent problems of bad information interactiveness and poor compatibility in current net cooperative design were solved,thus provided theoretical basis and technological platform for carrying out information exchange of net cooperative design made on the next generation Internet.


Phase separation within polymer membranes is studied by Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD). The polymers are composed of hydrophobic backbone A beads to which side chains are attached. The side chains are linear or Y-shaped and contain a large fraction of A beads and one or two hydrophilic C beads. The Y shaped side chains contain 2C beads which are located at the end of each of the two branches whilst for the linear architectures the C beads are located at the end of each side chain. Phase separated morphologies are obtained at a water volume fraction of 16%. Water diffusion through the phase separated hydrophilic pore networks are deduced from (1) MC tracer diffusion calculations through selected frozen morphologies (in total 108 snapshots) and (2) from the water bead motions during the DPD simulations. Both methods reveal that the highest diffusion constants are obtained for the Y-shaped architectures. These results might be of importance to optimize the conductive pathways for proton diffusion in fuel cell membranes.


Myocardial infarction is amongst the most common causes of death worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of hesperidin (200 mg/kg) either individually or in combination with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), as a reference standard, in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Markers chosen to assess cardiac damage included serum activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and serum level of cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I), oxidative stress biomarkers including cardiac contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) as well as serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Furthermore, ECG monitoring and histologic examinations of cardiac tissues were done. Isoprenaline increased CK-MB activity as the well the levels of cTn-I, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. In addition, it produced ST segment elevation and degenerative changes in heart tissues. The obtained data revealed that pretreatment with hesperidin alone or in combination with atorvastatin significantly decreased the elevated activity of serum CKMB as well as serum levels of cTn-I, CRP, TNF-α and IL-10 coupled by a reduction in cardiac lipid peroxides and NO content. Moreover, both treatments resulted in marked improvement in isoprenaline-induced ECG and histopathologic changes. In conclusion, hesperidin can be regarded as a promising cardioprotective natural agent in myocardial infarction when used alone or combined with atorvastatin.


Research and development activities need an ambidextrous organization as they are both, explorative and exploitative. Building on multiple case studies, we are able to identify the specific challenges of different organizational forms to support ambidexterity by applying a barriers approach to innovation. We discuss possible underlying reasons for these challenges and suggest solutions based on different roles in innovation management.


• DECIMAL or NUMERIC is the type of numbers represented as strings of decimal digits. This will have some upper bound on the length of representations that t he system is willing to tolerate. Although internallyDECIMALs are stored just like strings, they are interpreted as numbe rs. Therefore any leading zeros are removed. On the other hand, trailing zeros are pres rv d because they could indicate a level of precision. There is also a typeREAL which behaves likeJava's "float" but this should only be used when small rounding errors are acceptable in the manipulation of values. The point here is that floating point numbers are represented in binary format and rounding in that format can be at variance with the rounding that one would expect from numbers in their deci mal format.Always use DECIMAL for amounts of money!


To examine changes and the relationship between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores and the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool–5th Edition (SCAT5) sleep symptom across recovery between concussed and healthy individuals.

 Sixty-eight (18.12±2.6 years; male:n=47, female:n=21; concussed:n=38, healthy:n=30) individuals completed the PSQI and SCAT5 at three times across recovery (≤72 hours of injury, return-to-play (RTP), >one-month after RTP). Two mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance (ANOVAs) evaluated changes in PSQI scores and SCAT5 sleep symptom across recovery between concussed and healthy individuals. Spearman's rho correlations were used to examine the relationships between the two sleep measures. Significance was set at p≤.05.

 There was no significant groupXtime interaction for PSQI scores (Wilks λ=.96, F(2,65)=1.50, p=.23, η2=.04) or SCAT5 sleep symptom (Wilks λ=.93, F(2,65)=2.42, p=.10, η2=.07). There was a significant main effect for time for PSQI scores (Wilks λ=.65, F(2,65)=17.2, p<.001, η2=.35) and SCAT5 sleep symptom (Wilks λ=.88, F(2,65)=4.25, p=.02, η2=.12) with PSQI scores and SCAT5 sleep symptom improving over time. For the SCAT5 sleep symptom there was a significant main effect for group (F(1,66)=13.41, p<.001, η2=.17), with concussed individuals reporting higher SCAT5 sleep symptom (M=0.59, SE=0.1) than healthy controls (M=0.09, SE=0.1). There was no significant correlation between PSQI scores and SCAT5 sleep symptom ≤72 hours (r=.15, p=.36), but there were significant correlations at RTP (r=.38, p=.02) and >one-month (r=.43, p=.01).

 Global sleep quality changes throughout recovery and may influence post-concussion outcomes. Utilizing a specialized sleep measure along with sleep-related symptoms may be beneficial to healthcare professionals, specifically during acute concussion management.


In this paper, a modern display system of LED small strip screen controlled by MCU was introduced. This system has some characteristics such as simple-structure, low-costing, steady-capacity, easy-using, the better capacity of suiting the environment. By the serial communication with PC, the Just-in-time modification of display content and rolling model can be realized.


We are pleased to offer the twelfth issue of our tutorials, Tutorial XII, to members of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society (AESS). The first tutorial was published in January 2004. Tutorials offers three kinds of tutorial articles. The first is a primer on an established topic, while the second introduces us to a topic of emerging importance. The third type of article is a survey of an established technical area. In all three cases, authors are noted experts willing to share their knowledge and experience in a written field guide. Tutorial XII presents one tutorial in a topic of emerging importance and three tutorials in more established technical areas.


Aqueous solutions containing the active components of microemulsions, i.e. surfactants and polar cosurfactants, are not effective in dissolving bitumen and consequently in extracting tar sands. On the other hand, if a light hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene or cyclohexane is added to the active components, the microemulsion becomes a very effective extractant. To investigate this phenomenon, phase diagrams of pseudo-ternary systems (active mixture-hydrocarbon-bitumen) were determined at 25°C and in some cases in the temperature range 25 to 80°C. In most experiments, the cosurfactant was taken as 2-butoxyethanol and the hydrocarbon as toluene. Three surfactants were examined: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, aerosol OT and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Various regions can be identified on the phase diagrams: suspensions of solid surfactants, microemulsions, stable and unstable emulsions. The extent of the various regions depends significantly on the relative concentrations of the various components. In general, the extent of the dispersed bitumen region increases with temperature.


In order to make the research of accuracy of witness testimony more targeted and applicable in our country,the article states that it can be discussed through two aspects: one is to combine the research methods between natural science and humanities and therefore improve the external efficiency of experimental study;the other is to look for broad psychological sources through local culture and dominant values.


The paper described the design and experimentation theory of the ice thermal storage air-condition experiment rig.By experiment data treating, the system trend curve of ice-freezing and ice-melting was drawn. The experiment rig system was designed safety and reasonable. It has a positive effect on the further study of the ice storage system.


In this paper, we study the performance of ultradensely distributed antenna system in multi-floor buildings with high user density. To reduce the pilot overhead, we consider multi-floor pilot reuse. We derive the closed-form approximations of the sum-rate for the system using linear receivers, including the linear minimum-mean-squared-error receiver and the maximal ratio combining (MRC) receiver. We demonstrate the spectral efficiency per unit volume of the system and show that the ultradensely distributed antenna system is a promising way to achieve the spectral efficiency target of 5G.


We investigate the eect of the resummation of collinear double logarithms in the BFKL gluon Green function using the Monte Carlo event generator BFKLex. The resummed collinear terms in transverse momentum space were calculated in Ref. [1] and correspond to the addition to the NLO BFKL kernel of a Bessel function of the rst kind whose argument contains the strong coupling and a double logarithm of the ratio of the squared transverse momenta of the reggeized gluons. We discuss how these additional terms improve the collinear convergence of the whole approach and reduce the asymptotic growth with energy of cross sections. Taking advantage of the Monte Carlo implementation, we show how the new results reduce the diusion of the gluon ladder into infrared and ultraviolet transverse momentum scales, while strongly aecting nal state congurations by reducing the mini-jet multiplicity.


Abstract An HPLC method is described for rapid analysis of caffeine and seven of its metabolites in plasma, urine, milk and saliva in a single operation using a 5 μ C18 reverse phase column. The metabolites are extracted with chloroform - iso-propanol (85:15) from 100 μL samples added to NH4HCO3. No interference from normal blood, urine, milk or saliva constituents was observed. The method is accurate and precise and separates 1,7-dimethylxanthine (paraxanthine) from 1,3-dimethylxanthine (theophylline). Sensitivity for most metabolites is in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 μg/mL and the detectability is at the nanogram level.


Aroma volatiles make an important contribution to the flavour and eating quality of apples (Malus ×domestica). While controlled atmosphere (CA) storage reduces the rate of decline of fruit quality attributes such as texture and colour, it also reduces flavour after prolonged storage. When 'Pacific Rose' apples (a new cultivar recently developed in New Zealand) were placed in CA (1.5% O2 + 1.3% CO2) at 0.5°C, significant decreases in aroma volatile concentrations occurred within 4 weeks compared to fruit in regular air (RA). The magnitude of aroma volatile suppression by CA increased with storage time and with subsequent shelf life at 20°C and was not reversible on transfer to air. After 4 weeks in CA, concentration of butyl acetate, a key aroma volatile compound, was only 34% that in RA; after 26 weeks there was no butyl acetate in CA fruit whilst high concentrations (738 mM L) remained in RA fruit. Despite the large reduction in aroma volatile concentrations an untrained taste panel found only a slight reduction in flavour intensity and no undesirable flavours in CA fruit. Conversely, some panellists identified an off-flavour in RA stored fruit that increased as storage and shelf life time increased. Significant differences in aroma volatile concentrations between RA and CA stored fruit may have commercial implications for consistency of flavour and quality between lines of 'Pacific Rose' apples. INTRODUCTION Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage allows apple industries to store fruit for up to 12 months. Such fruit remain relatively firm with good external appearance but consumers are recognising that it is not truly fresh. Some cultivars sustain major reductions of aroma volatiles on removal to air after 3-6 months in CA storage (Streif and Bangerth, 1988; Mattheis et al., 1991; Yahia, 1994). Measurable reductions have been noted after 10-12 weeks. The extent and speed of recovery of aroma volatile production after CA varies with both cultivar and storage time with total suppression and lack of recovery reported for 'McIntosh' apples after 320 days in CA (Lidster et al., 1983). 'Pacific Rose' is a new apple cultivar from a 'Gala' × 'Splendour' cross, that is becoming popular internationally. It has good storage potential, maintaining firmness throughout extended periods in air at 0°C (J.W. Johnston and E.W. Hewett, unpublished results). The objective of this work was to compare aroma volatile production from this cultivar after storing in air and CA for up to 26 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS 'Pacific Rose' apples (count size 88, average weight 210 g) were harvested at commercial export maturity, packed into 18.5 kg cartons and placed into a commercial coolstore in air or in CA (1.5% O2 + 1.3% CO2) at 0.5°C. After 4, 10, 18 and 26 weeks fruit was removed to 20°C shelf life conditions prior to quality determination and extraction of volatile compounds from expressed apple juice using diethylether: n-pentane (2:1 v/v) as a solvent (Dixon and Hewett, 2000). Analysis of aroma volatiles was undertaken by injecting 1 μl of concentrated juice into a Hewlett Packard gas chromatograph Model 5085 (Dixon and Hewett, 2000). An untrained panel of 50 people, (1) used a Triangle Difference procedure to determine if a difference existed between three samples provided when two of them were from the same treatment; (2) were asked to identify the aroma detected, based on published apple aroma descriptors; and (3) indicated their preferred sample from the three provided. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Total volatile concentration, comprising 28 measured components (8 alcohols, 4 aldehydes and 16 esters) and measured 12 h after removal from 0.5°C to 20°C, remained constant in air stored fruit throughout 26 weeks storage. In contrast total volatiles in CA stored fruit decreased from about 27 mmol L initially to 3.5 mmol Lafter 26 weeks, decreasing by 20, 40, 50 and 86% after 4, 10, 18 and 26 weeks respectively (Fig. 1). One day after removal from 0°C to 20°C total volatiles from RA fruit declined as time in storage increased but remained constant or increased through 10 days shelf life (Fig. 2). In contrast total volatiles declined dramatically in CA fruit, both with time at 0.5°C and through 10 days at 20°C. Recovery of volatile production occurred after RA storage, especially after 18 and 26 weeks, but not in CA fruit. Alcohol Alcohols showed the same overall pattern as total volatiles for both RA and CA fruit. Because alcohols are important precursors of esters in apples (Dimick and Hoskin, 1983), any reduction in concentration will affect aroma volatile concentrations. 1. Ethanol. Ethanol contributed variably (0-80%) to total alcohol concentration in fruit, having similare patterns of change during shelf life after removal from both RA and CA storage (data not shown). Concentratation declined as time in RA increased. 2. Butanol. Butanol concentrations varied from 3 to 60% of total alcohol concentration in fruit from both RA and CA treatments. Presence of this alcohol is critical because it is a precursor of butyl esters so important in aroma development (Dimick and Hoskin, 1983). Butanol in RA. Butanol concentrations remained relatively constant during shelf life following removal from RA after 4 and 10 weeks, but increased 2 to 3 fold on removal after 18 and 26 weeks (Fig. 3). Butanol in CA. Butanol concentrations in CA fruit were much reduced compared with RA fruit at all removal times from coolstore and during subsequent shelf life. After 18 and 26 weeks concentrations were negligible (Fig. 3). This progressively increasing reduction in butanol concentration from as early as 4 weeks in CA stored fruit, together with the inability to recover when returned to air, suggests that expected tatse and flavour might to reduced to less than acceptable levels. Acetate Butyl acetate concentrations from RA fruit did not change consistently at 0.5°C remaining between 0.6 and 1.2 mmol L; during shelf life at 20°C there was a slight initial decline before concentrations increased through 10 days with the largest increase occurring after 26 weeks (data not shown). In CA fruit at 0.5°C butyl acetate decreased more than 60% after 4 weeks and was only just detectable after 26 weeks, declining further to very low concentrations at 20°C after all removals. Esters Total esters in RA fruit decreased slightly with time at 0.5°C, remaining constant or increasing after transfer to 20°C especially after 18 and 26 weeks. CA fruit showed a substantial and progressive decline of total esters at 0.5°C; this continued on transfer to 20°C with no recovery on transfer to air even after only 4 weeks in CA (Fig. 4). Sensory Evaluation An untrained panel of 50 people was used in an attempt to relate objective GLC measurements of aroma volatiles to sensory and preference scores for fruit from RA and CA storage. There was no difference in preference between treatments for fruit evaluated after 3 days at 20°C following 10 weeks at 0.5°C, but after 10 days CA fruit was preferred (Table 1). After 26 weeks CA fruit was preferred. CONCLUSIONS Significant and irreversible reductions of some compounds that contribute to apple aroma and flavour occurred within 4 weeks in CA storage. It is possible that such a rapid and non-reversible effect of CA on volatile production could occur even sooner than 4 weeks.. Although similar decreases have been shown to occur within 6-10 weeks of exposure to CA (Lidster et al., 1983; Patterson et al., 1974) most reports determine the effect after 3-9 months storage. Alcohols, aldehydes and esters all decrease with time in CA relative to RA storage. The inability of fruit to produce these compounds on return to air at ambient temperatures after CA storage, indicates that their biosynthesis is impaired by CA. Thus the potential exists for consumer resistance to develop when fruit that appears to be 'fresh' (firm and juicy) on removal from CA, is found to have a substantial flavour reduction on consumption. An untrained taste panel preferred CA fruit to RA fruit after 26 weeks storage. This apparent disparity between objective and subjective assessments of quality demonstrates the difficulty in determining specific quantitative quality attributes, such as concentrations of total or particular esters, in isolation from the overall perception of quality determined when tasting. It is almost impossible for untrained panellists to isolate the influence of firmness and juiciness from aroma and flavour when making their judgements. This difficulty is a common problem when comparing subjective and objective methods of quality assessment (Mattheis and Fellman, 1999). That such dramatic and irreversible reductions in a range of aroma compounds and their precursors occur following such short periods of exposure to CA suggests that efforts should be intensified to develop practical techniques to alleviate or reverse the undesirable changes. Dynamic atmosphere storage (Mattheis et al., 1998) or hypoxic treatments (Dixon and Hewett, 2000) undoubtedly have potential to reduce loss of flavour volatiles induced by CA. In addition plant breeders should expose advanced selection lines of fruit to CA storage prior to final release to ensure that new releases do not have unacceptable flavour loss when maintained in CA storage. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to ENZAFruit New Zealand for financial assistance and Jonathan Dixon for technical advice. Literature Cited Dimick, P.S. and Hoskin, J.C. 1983. Review of apple flavour-state of the art. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 18:386-409. Dixon, J. and Hewett, E.W. 2000. Hypoxic treatments alter volatile concentration of apple cultivars. J. Sci. Food Agri. (in press). Lidster, P.D., Lightfoot, H.J. and McRae, K.B. 1983. Production and regeneration of principal volatiles in apples stored in modified atmospheres and air. J. Food Sci. 48:400-402.410. Mattheis, J.P., Buchanan, D.A. and Fellman, J.K. 1998. Volatile compounds emitted by 'Gala'


Restoration projects in the United Kingdom are increasingly targeted toward the reestablishment ofland of nature conservation value, as loss of natural habitat is now a major concern when granting planning permission. Many of the techniques used for habitat creation are of limited value as they focus unduly on the introduction of plants in patterns which simulate the original countryside. However unless the processes that support the development and maintenance of biodiversity are also restored, there can be no confidence in the long term value of the mitigation. This paper explores some processes that contribute to the development of diverse plant and animal communities and the ways in which these can be addressed in the practice of land reclamation. In the case of species-rich grassland this involves creating a diverse enviromnental framework, managing nutrient levels, and devising appropriate long term management. Allowing natural colonisation also helps to restore the abstract conservation value of naturalness. Additional


Seven accessions (if leucaena Ik-nth, supported significantly different population densities of Hrteropsylla cubana Crawford. The highest populations occurred on the I.. Irucocephala (Lamb.) De Wit accessions K8. K527, and K784, the /.. diversifotw (Schlecht.) Benth. accession K156, and the /- leucocrphala X /_ divmifolia accession K743. The lowest psyllid densities occurred on the /- pnlltdn Britton and Rose accession K376. Accessions K8, K527, and K636 were tlie most severely damaged. Accessions K74S and K156 were often slightly damaged and only occasionally moderately damaged. Only slight damage was observed on accessions K784 and K376. Parasitism of H. cubana by Psyllarphagui yastrni Noyes was low (1.9%), probably due to hyperparasitizat ion levels averaging 39.6%.


The performance of a cache of a given size depends significantly on the cache block size. Previous studies have shown that insufficient memory bandwidth, rather than raw memory latencies, will be the major obstacle to improving system performance. The cache block size has a large and varying impact on memory traffic and hit rate across programs, suggesting the need for variable block size caches. We propose sub-t agged caches, which extend sub-blocked caches by breaking up the address tag into a common block tag shared by all sub-blocks and a sub-tag unique to the specific sub-block. Sub-t agged caches allow words from different memory blocks to co-reside in a cache block, without changing the critical hit access path, and thus emulate variable address block sizes. Typically only a few address tag bits differ between the blocks involved in a cache conflict, thus motivating sub-t agged caches. Performance evaluation with SPEC2000 benchmarks shows that the miss ratio and memory traffic ratio of a column-associative sub-t agged cache is comparable to that of a four-way set-associative sub-blocked cache, while its average memory access time is 18% better on ave rage. Dynamic sub-block prefetching in conjunction with a sub-t agged cache emulates variable address and fetch block sizes. A comparative study of different variable block caches shows that while no single cache organization is best across all benchmarks, variable block size caches outperform fixed block size caches for seven of the twelve benchmarks. Among the different variable block size caches, the column-associative sub-blocked and sub-t agged cachesseem to perform the best. Column-associative sub-tagged cachesuniformly outperform direct-mapped decoupled sectored caches, while direct-mapped sub-tagged cachesperform better than decoupled sectored caches for nine of the twelve benchmarks.


Abstract Background This study evaluated an oroenteric catheter (OEC)-assisted technique to distend the enteric loop for endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) in patients with gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). Methods Patient outcomes were reviewed. Proximal enteric loops were filled with water via an OEC (7 Fr or 8 Fr), providing a target for EUS-GE using a lumen-apposing metal stent (15-mm caliber). Clinical success was defined as toleration of a non-liquid diet by Day 3. Results 42 patients (mean age 73.1 [SEM 2.8] years; 23 male) underwent EUS-GE for malignant (n = 37) and benign (n = 5) duodenal strictures. EUS-GE creation was successful in 41/42 (98 %), with mean procedure time of 36 (SEM 3) minutes and no serious complications. Clinical success was achieved in 39/42 (93 %) at 5.7 (SEM 2.6) months' follow-up. Of 14 patients who died, 13 (93 %) maintained oral intake until death. EUS-GE provided good symptom relief in all 28 surviving patients until follow-up. Conclusions OEC-assisted EUS-GE provided satisfactory relief of GOO symptoms, with high technical success (98 %) and no serious complications.


The purpose of this research was to determine the effects on the healing of fibular fractures in rabbits of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (50 and 500 ) applied for periods of 4, 14 and 24 days following fibular osteotomy. Thirty-six male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups of twelve for three treatment protocols: (1) ultrasound treatment at intensities of 50 and 500 until the 4th day following fibular osteotomy, (2) ultrasound treatment at intensities of 50 and 500 until the 14th day following fibular osteotomy, and (3) ultrasound treatment at intensities of 50 and 500 until the 24th day following fibular osteotomy. The low-intensity pulsed ultrasound was applied to only one fibula of each rabbit (these served as the experimental group). The other fibula of each rabbit served as the control group. The selection of which fibula was to be treated was made randomly. The animals were sacrificed on the 4th, 14th and 24th day after the start of ultrasound treatments. Percent of trabecular bone area and fibular radiography were carried out to compare the degree of fibular bone healing. A microscope was also used to determine any histologic changes. For statistical differences in radiological changes due to length of treatment period (4, 14 and 24 days respectively), the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used to compare the experimental and control groups. For statistical differences in fracture healing due to differences in ultrasound intensity, radiological studies were compared using the Mann-Whitney Test. And, to compute percentage differences in areas of trabecular bone, Two-way analysis of variance (ultrasound intensity x each group) was used. Experiment results were as follows: 1. In animals sacrificed on the 4th day, no difference was found in the radiological studies of the fibulae in the experimental and control groups (p>.05). However, experimental groups showed more rapid bone repair than control group. 2. Both radiographic and percent of trabecular bone area studies showed significant differences in rabbits sacrificed after 14 days. Fracture healing was significantly increased in the experimental group (p.05). 4. On the 14th day, bone union on radiograph was significantly more rapid in the treatment group with pulsed ultrasound of 50 than the group with 500 (p ultrasound intensity than those treated with 500 intensity. In conclusion, it has been shown that the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound has a positive effect on bone fracture healing in the early stage and the range of pulse ultrasound from 50 to 500 is effective for fracture healing. Further study is needed to investigate the influence of pulsed ultrasound on delayed union and non-union in bone fractures and also for the clinical use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for bone healing in humans.


Energy Internet technology can realize the information fusion of demand side adjustable power load resources, transmission and distribution resources, power generation resources, and play the value benefits of demand side adjustable power load in peak load regulation and frequency modulation of power grid. In this paper, by integrating the advantages and disadvantages of different control modes for demand side resources, a framework and method of decentralized collaborative control within demand side resource cluster and regional grid coordinated control are proposed, which can effectively improve the flexibility and rapidity of adjustable resource response grid frequency modulation.


Channeling effect measurements have been used to study the effect of impurities on the epitaxial regrowth of amorphous silicon layers on single‐crystal silicon. Implantation was used to form the amorphous layers and also to introduce the impurities 12C, 14N, 16O, 20Ne, 40A, and 84Kr. For 16O implants, the growth rate at 550 °C depended on the 16O concentration and at the level of 0.5 at.% the rate was reduced from about 90 to about 10 A/min. For similar atomic concentrations of 14N, the rate was comparable to the 16O case. For comparable concentrations of 12C, the regrowth rate was found to be three times higher than for that of the 16O case. Noble gas ions are also found to retard the growth rate of the amorphous layers. For 40Ar at about the 0.5‐at.% level, the regrowth rate is appreciably slower than even that for the 16O case.


This paper demonstrates identification of parameters associated with damage evolution laws defined in a micromechanics and fracture mechanics-based constitutive model for damage-tolerant brittle composites. A recently developed inverse analysis methodology, called Self-Optimizing Inverse Method (Self-OPTIM), has been extended to the identification of the physics-based damage evolution laws, which has not been achievable. The Self-OPTIM can automatically self-correct the Damage Parameter Set (DPS) based on global in-situ measurements. The material response is obtained from force-driven and displacement-driven nonlinear finite element (FE) simulations. The adopted micromechanics and fracture mechanics-based damage constitutive model can reasonably simulate nucleation and subsequent growth of microcracks within brittle composite materials. It has been implemented within the Self-OPTIM software framework. Numerically simulated synthetic data from an impact tension test are utilized to show successful performance of the proposed damage identification method.


The mistake has been made inadvertently. The reference cited in the 16th reference of the article is a withdrawn article. By the authors, instead of the 16th reference "Caruso M, Miele C, Oliva A, Condorelli G, Oriente F, Riccardi G, Capaldo B, Fiory F, Accili D, Formisano P, Beguinot F. The IR1152 mutant insulin receptor selectively impairs insulin action in skeletal muscle but not in liver. Diabetes 2000;49:1194-1202.", "Eckstein SS, Weigert C, Lehmann R. Divergent Roles of IRS (Insulin Receptor Substrate) 1 and 2 in Liver and Skeletal Muscle. Curr Med Chem 2017;24:1827-1852." has been corrected by citing.


From the factor endowments and the institution evolution perspectives,offering a conceivable interpretation to the development of Taizhou's outoriented economy is the main subject of this paper.At the very start,this paper starts off with looking backward the paths of development and summarizing the general situations of Taizhou's out-oriented economy,the main characteristics patterns of the evolution of out-oriented economy in ″Taizhou economical phenomena″ are concluded in the part I of this paper.Secondly,based on the above analysis,the part II and the part III of this paper focus on tracing back respectively the factor endowments,such as natural resources,location,human capital and so on,and the institutional environment which are depended on.Finally,this paper defines clearly the essential connotation of the development pattern of Taizhou's out-oriented economy.Namely,according to existing constraints,the paths of the development of Taizhou's out-oriented economy is the optimal choices which have been made by rational Taizhoumen in every phase of history;then it depends basically on the accumulation of internally private funds,furthermore it not only has carried out creatively the regulations from the upper governments,but also stimulated furthest indigenes to greatest effort.;eventually,it has gained remarkable success by achieving double reciprocations,viz.one is the reciprocation between the local governments and the microeconomic entities,the other is the reciprocation between the special markets and the private economical entities.Consequently,this research shows that,depending mainly on the accumulation of internally private funds,the ″mutual aid″ local governments and the developed specialized markets,the patterns of the development of Taizhou's out-oriented economy are the optimal choices under existing resources constraints.This unique orbit of the development pattern of out-oriented economy not only provides a mass of very valuable material for academic studies;but also presents west poverty-stricken regions which are highly short of funds and entrepreneurs with the guide to develop local economics relying on developing out-oriented economy.Furthermore,the more important signification of this study lies in the more general conclusion that,in fact,there is not a simplex indicator of evaluating out-oriented economy,the key is to discover the optimal development pattern of out-oriented economy which maximizes income under existing resources constraints.


Background and purpose:  We investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying spontaneous contractions in the mouse renal pelvis, regulated by calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP).


Abstract Composites of ultrathin SnO2 nanorods, ∼20 nm in diameter and ∼100 nm in length, intercalated with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets were synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal process. The electrochemical performance of the composites as electrode materials for supercapacitors was studied in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The experimental results indicated that a maximum specific capacitance of 184.6 F g−1 could be obtained from composites at a current density of 100 mA g−1, which was much higher than that of pure SnO2 (62.4 F g−1). Furthermore, the composite exhibited excellent cycling stability (the specific capacitance still retained 98% after 6000 cycles when the scan rate was 50 mV s−1). The excellent electrochemical performance of the composites was attributed to the synergistic effect of SnO2 nanorods and reduced graphene oxide, which makes up for the shortcomings of the individual components. These results indicated that the prepared composites are excellent candidates as electrode materials for high performance energy storage devices.


The title compound, trans-[L 2 Pt II ] 2+ .2Cl - .4H 2 O, (L = N-methylpiperazine), [Pt(C 5 H 12 N 2 ) 2 ]Cl 2 .4H 2 O, has been synthesized in the course of our work on complexes formed by the Pt 2+ ion with piperazine derivatives. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that two N-methylpiperazine molecules bind one Pt 2+ ion in such a way that the two methyl groups lie in opposite directions with respect to the Pt atom. The coordination around the Pt atom is square planar with four N atoms occupying the coordination sites, and the coordination plane is perfectly planar because the Pt atom lies on a centre of symmetry. This type of coordination imposes a boat conformation on the six-membered N-methylpiperazine ring. As found in other N-methylpiperazine complexes, the molecule has a local mirror plane coincident with the square-planar coordination plane and nearly bisecting the piperazine six-membered ring.


Extragonadal reserves totalled 89 X 10(9) spermatozoa for 5--16-year-old sexually rested stallions and 60 X 10(9) for 2--4-year-olds. Regardless of age, the cauda epididymidis contained 62% of the total reserves and the vas deferens, including the ampulla, contained 7% of the total reserves of spermatozoa. The caput plus corpus epididymidis from 5--16-year-old stallions (N = 41) contained 14.9 X 10(9) spermatozoa per side as compared (P less than 0.01) to 8.5 X 10(9) for 2--4-year olds (N = 30). Frequency of ejaculation did not influence the number of spermatozoa found in caput plus corpus epididymidis. Across all ages, the number of spermatozoa potentially available for ejaculation from the cauda epididymidis and vas deferens on each side totalled 54 X 10(9). Collection of 5 successive ejaculates from sexually rested stallions removed 40--60% of the available spermatozoa while ejaculation every 2nd day reduced (P less than 0.05) the number of spermatozoa potentially available for ejaculation by 27%. Nevertheless, sufficient spermatozoa are produced daily (6.4 and 4.2 X 10(9) for 5--16-and 2--4-year-olds) to permit use of an average stallion once or twice daily, during spring and summer, providing sexual behaviour is adequate.


1. Apparatus for controlling the placement of auxiliary media relative to the at least one content item represented by a user, said apparatus comprising: a) a first scheduler (111) for scheduling said at least one content item based on the user profile received from the recommendation system; and b) a second scheduler (118) for planning the placement of said support media in response to said first scheduler (111), c) said second scheduler (118) adapted to receive information about a scheduled content from said first scheduler (111) and for the solutions which auxiliary media data placed in the space of representation, on the basis of said received informatsii.2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said second scheduler (118) adapted to support a media download initiated to be placed relative to the particular content item, and to discard additional auxiliary media are not subject to the placement, relative to a particular kontenta.3 element. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said second scheduler (118) is adapted for assigning predetermined advertising video content scheduled event and to insert said advertisement into the video content as viewable channel assignment in peredach.4 program. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said second scheduler (118) adapted to assign the advertisement video to the predetermined scheduled event, or channel content and in


Background Anxiety disorders are considered a major health problem affecting children and adolescents with high incidence and prevalence in different societies. Aim The present study aimed at detecting the quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) changes in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders compared with healthy children. It also aimed to estimate sensitivity and specificity of QEEG in the identification of children with anxiety disorders. Patients and methods This is a case–control study, which was conducted on 20 children and adolescents with anxiety disorders and 20 healthy children and adolescents. Children were initially screened with the Arabic version of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders and then furtherly subjected to interviewing children and caregivers and finally psychological testing using questionnaires for both the child and parents to verify diagnosis of anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. QEEG recording: QEEG recording was performed to cases and controls under comfortable light and calm room without artifacts to assess spectrum power. Results Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, theta wave spectrum power can significantly detect anxiety disorders in children and adolescents at cutoff less than or equal to 65.4 with a sensitivity and specificity of 80 and 65%, respectively. High-frequency beta wave spectrum power can significantly detect children and adolescents with anxiety disorders at a cutoff more than 23.7 with a sensitivity and specificity of 65 and 90%, respectively. Conclusion Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders have QEEG changes that coincide with their symptomatology proving that QEEG is a useful method in the assessment and diagnosis of anxiety disorders.


This paper considers the optimization of a class of pulse-width-modulated (PWM) control systems via an extended maximum principle. The technique developed here is applicable to single-input-single-output systems with linear plants. The amplitude of the control pulses, as well as the sign and width of each control pulse, is subject to optimization. The resulting optimization problem is shown to be a sequence of suboptimizations via a simple dual choice direct enumeration embedded in the TPBV problem.


By creating highly productive phytobiomes, selection of new types of biostimulants on the basis of organic substances and microorganism has a decisive role. It could be done by taking into account natural and climatic pecu-liarities of the region. The article described the importance of sugar sorghum and substantiates the introduction of an adaptive variety to increase the productivity of fodder sorghum and the best option of using growth biostimulants. The results of evaluating the effectiveness of growth biostimulants under laboratory conditions on the main nutritional valuable traits were presented. The treatment of optimal parameters of sugar sorghum seeds with biostimulants in the Research laboratory "Industrial biotechnology" of M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University was determined. It was shown that the "Azotofertil" biostimulator has a high efficiency in pre-sowing seed treatment. For comparative evaluation of potentialities of new biostimulant, MERS biostimulant adapted to climatic conditions was chosen. According to research results, both biostimulants showed high efficiency for seed pre-sowing treatment. The best concentration for treatment of planting material was established. Energy of germination, swelling and the number of germination of seeds of sugar sorghum variety Kazakhstan-16 were determined. In evaluating the activity of biostimulants for efficiency, the dynamics of their friendly germination was traced. At 4% concentration and temperature above 14 °C, the advantage of "Azotofertil" biostimulator based on Azotobacter chroococcum strain was proven. Seeds of sugar sorghum variety Kazakhstan-16 showed the best results with 96 ± 3% germination.