Executive Summary: The ATTACK project involves two multi-centre clinical trials to treat cancer using a form of cell therapy called Adoptive T-Cell Therapy. Adoptive T-Cell therapy is a promising advance in cancer treatment and involves using a patient's own immune cells. Trial I: A Phase II Trial to Assess the Activity of NY-ESO-1 Targeted T-Cells in Advanced Oesophagogastric Cancer'. The aim was to determine whether results seen in other trials of this type of cell therapy could be translated into other solid tumour types. The NY-ESO therapy was manufactured by CTL at GMP facilities in Manchester. The rst site and sponsor for the clinical trial was the Christie NHS Foundation Trust. The trial opened to recruitment in 2014. To date, two patients have been treated in the trial, one of whom passed away 46 days after initial treatment. The underlying cause of death was investigated by the ATTACK consortium and during the period of investigation, the Christie NHS Foundation Trust suspended enrolment in the trial. The conclusions of the investigation were that the NY-ESO therapy was unlikely to have directly caused the bone marrow failure seen in the applicable patient through on-target toxicity or mispairing. In February 2016, following review of the results, an independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) recommended that recruitment could resume once agreed changes to the protocol were in place. An amendment to the protocol is currently being considered prior to restarting any enrolment in the trial. Alongside the trial, another work package focused on assay standardization and the e cient monitoring of the trial patients with the aim of determining key markers of therapeutic bene t and potential predictive markers of response. We have established and validated screening assays to assess positivity of expression of NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 in order to identify patients suitable for the trial. Further assays have also been developed and validated ( ow cytometry (FCM) NY-ESO-1 tetramer staining assays and gene-modi ed T-cell speci c real-time PCR assays) to assess the nal product and blood post treatment for each patient. The detailed protocols have been made available for participating clinical sites. Screening assays were applied on 39 patients, of which 4 were suitable for treatment. Presence of NY-ESO-1 TCR T cells in patient blood was assessed in two treated patients using both FCM and qPCR methods. Furthermore we have standardised the FCM research assays for quantitation and assessment of differentiation and activation status of NY-ESO-1 TCR T cells prior to infusion and in patient blood, including markers for T cell differentiation, T cell function, and exhaustion. An archive for storage of patient material for future research has been established at EMC. Due to early termination of the Grant agreement ID: 305863 Status Grant agreement terminated ATTACK


Objective To make bright color, clear and observable specimens of Pneumocystis carinii cyst and trophozoite. Methods The specimens were stained with Wright Giemsa's Compound Stain. Results After staining the amaranth cell nucleus and blue cytoplasm of the intracystic body in P. carinii cyst were observed. The light blue wall of the cyst was thin and the structure of the cyst was seen clearly. The nucleus and cytoplasm of the trophozoite was amaranth and blue respectively. Conclusion Wright Giemsa's Compound Stain may be an useful technique in clinical diagnosis and teaching.(For Fig. 1,2, to see inside back cover)


Yttrium-90 (90Y) is an almost pure beta emitter used in Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE). Post-TARE 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging is employed for quantification of the delivered dose. 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging is the most challenging issue in nuclear medicine because of the low photon yield, the continuous and non-pronounced peak of the bremsstrahlung spectrum. GATE Monte Carlo code was employed to find the most proper imaging protocol for 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging. Images were acquired using Medium-Energy Medium-Resolution (MEMR) and High-Energy Medium-Resolution (HEMR) in nine energy windows widths (50 to 500 keV). The quality of images was evaluated using contrast, resolution, sensitivity, Signal-to-Background Ratio (SBR), percentage of total counts in useful field of view, and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR). The HEMR collimator performed better than the MEMR collimator on all imaging criteria except for the sensitivity. The CNR values were equal in both collimators. Based on the measured parameters, images acquired by the HEMR collimator with the energy window of 50–200 keV are the best protocol for 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging. The findings in this study suggest the imaging protocol for 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging that can be practically used in the clinic.


This paper proposes a new adaptive control strategy for a wind energy conversion system based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a pulse-width modulated current source converter. Most of the studies on wind farms are based on double fed induction technology. Nevertheless, the proposed conversion system is a good alternative due to its high efficiency and reliability. Electrolytic capacitors are not required in this type of converter and the voltage in the DC-link as well as the generated reactive power can be dynamically modified according to the wind velocity, being even negative if required. However, it is challenging from the control and stability standpoint. Capacitive filters placed on the AC side, which are required for safe commutation, can create resonances with the power grid. Reactive power is generated according to the capacity of the converter, the wind velocity and the load profile. The adaptive control strategy uses an adaptive PI which is self-tuned based on a linear approximation of the power system calculated at each sample time. A model reference is also proposed in order to reduce the post-fault voltages. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed control.


In a semigroup S the set E of idempotents is partially ordered by the rule that e≦ƒ if and only if eƒ=e=ƒe. We say that S is an ω-semigroup if E={ei: i=0, 1, 2, …}, where Bisimple ω-semigroups have been classified in [10]. From a group G and an endomorphism α of G a bisimple ω-semigroup S(G, α) can be constructed by a process described below in § 1: moreover, any bisimple ω-semigroup is isomorphic to one of this type.


This article aims to highlight the need to integrate Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) into the practice of Speech and Language Therapy. TIC is a strength-based framework underpinned by an understanding and responsiveness to the widespread pervasiveness and impact of trauma. The literature on TIC within the field of Speech and Language Therapy is in its infancy but is progressing. In this context, there is an absence of clear guidelines for TIC in the field to support providers and administers to understand the relevance, underlying theory, and application to practice. In this paper we outline the theoretical underpinnings and application to practice. We argue that the profession requires an ongoing commitment to continuous research to corroborate communication-specific best practices of TIC to support clinicians in translating those findings into practice to best support clients.


To promote the safety,reliability and the web management efficiency in the performance of broad-range web,through the classification by the technology,it is convenient to increase,decrease or delete the amount of users through the classification for VLAN by the application IPOEOA technology,whose adaptation and flexibility as well as efficiency receive high evaluation.The IPOEOA technology,which is potential in future promotion,is one of new technologies being applied in successful performance of Yellow River broad-range network.


Ischemia results in increased phosphorylation of NMDA receptors. To investigate the possible role of lipid rafts in this increase, lipid rafts and post‐synaptic densities (PSDs) were isolated by the extraction of rat brain synaptosomes with Triton X‐100 followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Lipid rafts accounted for the majority of PSD‐95, whereas SAP102 was predominantly located in PSDs. Between 50 and 60% of NMDA receptors were associated with lipid rafts. Greater than 85–90% of Src and Fyn were present in lipid rafts, whereas Pyk2 was mainly associated with PSDs. Lipid rafts and PSDs were isolated from animals subjected to 15 min of global ischemia followed by 6 h of recovery. Ischemia did not affect the yield, density, flotillin‐1 or cholesterol content of lipid rafts. Following ischemia, the phosphorylation of NR1 by protein kinase C and tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A and NR2B was increased in both lipid rafts and PSDs, with a greater increase in tyrosine phosphorylation occurring in the raft fraction. Following ischemia, NR1, NR2A and NR2B levels were elevated in PSDs and reduced in lipid rafts. The findings are consistent with a model involving close interaction between lipid rafts and PSDs and a role for lipid rafts in ischemia‐induced signaling pathways.


The Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) System has performed as the main role in various access control and security, such as: tracking of stolen vehicles, traffic violations (speed trap) and parking management system. In this paper, the portable ANPR implemented on android mobile phone is presented. The main challenges in mobile application are including higher coding efficiency, reduced computational complexity, and improved flexibility. Significance efforts are being explored to find suitable and adaptive algorithm for implementation of ANPR on mobile phone. ANPR system for mobile phone need to be optimize due to its limited CPU and memory resources, its ability for geo-tagging image captured using GPS coordinates and its ability to access online database to store the vehicle's information. In this paper, the design of portable ANPR on android mobile phone will be described as follows. First, the graphical user interface (GUI) for capturing image using built-in camera was developed to acquire vehicle plate number in Malaysia. Second, the preprocessing of raw image was done using contrast enhancement. Next, character segmentation using fixed pitch and an optical character recognition (OCR) using neural network were utilized to extract texts and numbers. Both character segmentation and OCR were using Tesseract library from Google Inc. The proposed portable ANPR algorithm was implemented and simulated using Android SDK on a computer. Based on the experimental results, the proposed system can effectively recognize the license plate number at 90.86%. The required processing time to recognize a license plate is only 2 seconds on average. The result is consider good in comparison with the results obtained from previous system that was processed in a desktop PC with the range of result from 91.59% to 98% recognition rate and 0.284 second to 1.5 seconds recognition time.


Essential oils are an important natural source of pesticides and can be suitable used in ectoparasite control. The goal of this paper was to investigate the chemical composition of the volatile oils obtained from leaves and stems of Philodendron meridionale Buturi & Sakur by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and to evaluate their insecticidal effect against Ctenocephalides felis Bouche adult insects and their cytotoxicity on human Jurkat leukemic T-cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazoluim bromide (MTT) reduction method. The main compound was ent-kaur-16-ene at concentrations of 20.78 and 22.46% for volatile oils from leaves and stems, respectively. These volatile oils provided insecticidal effect against C. felis with an average knockdown time of 9.61 and 7.35 min for fumigant test performed with the leaves and stems samples, respectively. Considering the topical application, these P. meridionale volatile oils extracted from leaves and stems demonstrated average knockdown values of 14.70 and 20.0 min, respectively. A very low cytotoxic effect of 9.48 and 11.32% was observed for P. meridionale volatile oils from leaves and stems even at the highest tested concentration of 400 μg.mL-1, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to propose a biological selectivity to the volatile oils under study, which guarantees, at the same time, effect against this insect with no evident damage to human biological system.


Ghost crabs are common bioindicator species for human disturbance on sandy shores. Ghost crabs often alter their population dynamics under human disturbance. Ghost crabs, further, alter their burrowing behavior under human influence, however, these changes are not well known on the Turkish coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, burrowing morphology of Ocypode cursor at two sites that differ in the degree of human disturbance was compared. Ghost crabs created smaller, steeper and simpler burrows at the site under higher human disturbance compared to the crabs living at the sites with lower human influence. Further, there was no difference in the ghost crab burrow depth and the frequency of existence of chambers between sites. Moreover, the results of this study revealed that larger crabs preferred higher parts of the beach at both sites, suggesting that this is a common behavior for the populations of O. cursor. Consequently, the results of this study emphasized that O. cursor alter their burrowing morphology and characteristics under human disturbance besides their population demographics; suggesting that studies that focus on the use of ghost crabs for human disturbance should include burrow morphology in their assessments.


A power-splitter gearbox comprises several ratio ranges with steplessly adjustable ratios and has at least one input shaft for rotational fixing to an engine, a distributor gearbox, a variator and an output shaft. The distributor gearbox is a planet gear and the input shaft may be directly coupled to the ring gear of the planet gear. ® KIPO & WIPO 2008


.............................................................................................................. 4 LIST ACRYNOYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................... 12 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 13 1.1Background of the study .................................................................................. 13 1.2 Problem statement.............................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.1 Background to the problem....................................................................... 17 1.3Objectives of the study..................................................................................... 20 1.3.1Specific objectives ........................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.4 Research questions ........................................................................................ 21 1.5 Hypothesis of the study................................................................................... 21 1.6 Justification of the study.................................................................................. 22 1.7Organization of the study ................................................................................. 22 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................... 24 2.


We have developed a novel passivation process employing a sacrificial GaOx process to suppress the current collapse phenomenon in AlGaN/GaN HFETs. Even with a conventional prepassivation process, surface damage during high temperature ohmic annealing cannot be avoided completely, which in turn induces surface trapping states. In this proposed process, the damaged surface after high temperature ohmic annealing was removed by a sacrificial GaOx process prior to SiO2 surface passivation. As a result, surface damage induced trapping effects were successfully suppressed.


Objective: This stduy was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism of cell proliferation inhibited by tea polyphenols in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE- LMP1. Method: Light microscope, MTT assay, flow cytometry, Western blot,and reporter gene analysis were applied to investigate the effects of tea polyphenols and(- )- epigallocatechin- 3- gallate (EGCG) on the cell cycle and related molecular mechanisms. Result: After treatment of CNE- LMP1 cells with tea polyphenols(200μ g/ml), the number of proliferating cells was obviously decreased as determined by light microscopy, and the survival rate of cells decreased from 100% to 38.1% as determined by MTT assay. With the increase of tea polyphenols concentrations, the number of cells in S- phase was obviously decreased from 22.20% to 13.16% (200μ g/ml), and the number of cells in Phase G1 were elevated from 68.50% to 74.08% . It suggested that tea polyphenols could arrest the cell cycle at G1/S checkpoint. The transcription and the expression of cyclin D1 were obviously declined 4- 5 fold. Furthermore, after treatment with tea polyphenols, transactivities of NFκ B and AP- 1 was obviously down- regulated in CNE- LMP1 cells for 5- 6 and 7- 8 fold, respectively. Conclusion: Tea polyphenols could arrest cell cycle and inhibit cells proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and down- regulation of the gene transcription and expression of cyclin D1 might also be involved in these events.


Collaborative robots have to adapt its motion plan to a dynamic environment and variation of task constraints. Currently, they detect collisions and interrupt or postpone their motion plan to prevent harm to humans or objects. The more advanced strategy proposed in this article uses online trajectory optimization to anticipate potential collisions, task variations, and to adapt the motion plan accordingly. The online trajectory planner pursues a model predictive control approach to account for dynamic motion objectives and constraints during task execution. The prediction model relates reference joint velocities to actual joint positions as an approximation of built‐in robot tracking controllers. The optimal control problem is solved with direct collocation based on a hypergraph structure, which represents the nonlinear program and allows to efficiently adapt to structural changes in the optimization problem caused by moving obstacles. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, the robot imitates pick‐and‐place tasks while avoiding self‐collisions, semistatic, and dynamic obstacles, including a person. The analysis of the approach concerns computation time, constraint violations, and smoothness. It shows that after model identification, order reduction, and validation on the real robot, parallel integrators with compensation for input delays exhibit the best compromise between accuracy and computational complexity. The model predictive controller can successfully approach a moving target configuration without prior knowledge of the reference motion. The results show that pure hard constraints are not sufficient and lead to nonsmooth controls. In combination with soft constraints, which evaluate the proximity of obstacles, smooth and safe trajectories are planned.


Investigation to clarify the influence of various kinds of oxide deposit and anions ( chloride ion, sulfate ion, and bicarbonate ion ) in hot water on pitting corrosion of copper tubes was carried out. Anodic polarization and potentiostatic polarization measurements at critical pitting potential of 150 mV ( SCE ) using copper tube specimen with various kinds of oxide artificially deposited were made. It was found that pitting corrosion rate of the specimen was accelerated by artificial deposit of oxide and changed depending on kinds of oxide. It was also found that the anodic current in potensiostatic 1000 hour polarization was composed mainly of film formation current at the beginning of the polarization and was composed mainly of pitting corrosion current in the last stage of the polarization. In the synthetic solutions of various concentrations of chloride ion, sulfate ion and bicarbonate ion, potentiostatic polarization measurements of the specimen with CuO deposited were made. As a result, it was clearly shown that chloride ion had a more significant influence on pitting corrosion current of copper compared to sulfate ion. potentiostatc polarization, pitting corrosion current, corrosiveness, index


Boldine, an aporphine alkaloid extracted from the leaves and bark of boldo (Peumus boldus Mol.), has been shown to exhibit strong free‐radical scavenger and antioxidant properties. Here, we report the in vitro ability of boldine to protect intact red cells against the haemolytic damage induced by the free radical initiator 2,2′‐azobis‐(2‐amidinopropane) (AAPH). Boldine concentration‐dependently prevented the AAPH‐induced leakage of haemoglobin into the extracellular medium. Substantial and similar cyto‐protective effects of boldine were observed whether the antioxidant was added 1 h prior to, or simultaneously with, the azo‐compound. The delayed addition of boldine, by 1 h relative to AAPH, diminished but did not abolish its cytoprotective effect. However, negligible effects of boldine were observed after its addition to erythrocytes previously incubated with AAPH for 2 h. The data presented demonstrate that, in addition to its well‐established antioxidant effects, boldine also displays time‐dependently strong cytoprotective properties against chemically induced haemolytic damage. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This work has as aim to study the behavior of the isotherms of the soybean meal. Therefore, experiments had been carried out by using the static method with saturated salt solution at 50, 60 and 70oC. The data had been adjusted to the equations of the literature, using Statistica software 6.0®. The results indicated that the temperature does not affect significantly the moisture equilibrium values of the soybean meal in the range of temperatures studied and that the LUIKOV and the HALSEY models can be used to foresee the moisture equilibrium of the soybean meal.


We introduce a novel approach to image-space ray tracing ideally suited for the photorealistic synthesis of fully dynamic environments at interactive frame rates. Our method, designed entirely on the rasterization pipeline, alters the acceleration data structure construction from a per-fragment to a per-primitive basis in order to simultaneously support three important, generally conflicting in prior art, objectives: fast construction times, analytic intersection tests and reduced memory requirements. In every frame, our algorithm operates in two stages: A compact representation of the scene geometry is built based on primitive linked-lists, followed by a traversal step that decouples the ray-primitive intersection tests from the illumination calculations; a process inspired by deferred rendering and the path integral formulation of light transport. Efficient empty space skipping is achieved by exploiting several culling optimizations both in xy- and z-space, such as pixel frustum clipping, depth subdivision and lossless buffer down-scaling. An extensive experimental study is finally offered showing that our method advances the area of image-based ray tracing under the constraints posed by arbitrarily complex and animated scenarios.


Innovation is the guarantee of enterprises to win in the market, while the synergy innovation is an effective way of enterprise innovation. Based on the synergy innovation concepts and theoretical analysis, this paper studies abroad enterprise synergy innovation background and the way of realization. It theoretically sums up the synergy innovation dynamic mechanism from both the internal dynamic mechanism and the external dynamic mechanism, and summarizes the role of the synergy innovation in practice. It also discusses what can be learned from the foreign experience.


ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the proportional distribution of endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) subtypes and to evaluate the types of bronchoscopic diagnostic procedures that can prove granulomatous inflammation. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 18 HIV-negative patients with biopsy-proven EBTB treated between 2010 and 2014. Results: The most common EBTB subtypes, as classified by the bronchoscopic features, were tumorous and granular (in 22.2% for both). Sputum smear microscopy was performed in 11 patients and was positive for AFB in 4 (36.3%). Sputum culture was also performed in 11 patients and was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 10 (90.9%). Smear microscopy of BAL fluid (BALF) was performed in 16 patients and was positive for AFB in 10 (62.5%). Culture of BALF was also performed in 16 patients and was positive for M. tuberculosis in 15 (93.7%). Culture of BALF was positive for M. tuberculosis in 93.7% of the 16 patients tested. Among the 18 patients with EBTB, granulomatous inflammation was proven by the following bronchoscopic diagnostic procedures: bronchial mucosal biopsy, in 8 (44.4%); bronchial brushing, in 7 (38.8%); fine-needle aspiration biopsy, in 2 (11.1%); and BAL, in 2 (11.1%). Bronchial anthracofibrosis was observed in 5 (27.7%) of the 18 cases evaluated. Conclusions: In our sample of EBTB patients, the most common subtypes were the tumorous and granular subtypes. We recommend that sputum samples and BALF samples be evaluated by smear microscopy for AFB and by culture for M. tuberculosis, which could increase the rates of early diagnosis of EBTB. We also recommend that bronchial brushing be employed together with other bronchoscopic diagnostic procedures in patients suspected of having EBTB.


Model can be defined as an abstract representation of a system usually containing structural, logical or mathematical relationships which describe a system in terms of state, entities and their attributes sets, process, events, activities and decays. Simulation is considered to be the computation technique to solve problems by the observation of the performance of the dynamic model of the system. Distillation, king of separation process, is the most important and most visible separation technology. The main purpose of distillation is to separate a mixture of several components by taking advantage of their difference in volatilities or separation of more volatile materials from those less volatile or non-volatile materials. In the present studies, Jafarey, Douglas and McAvoy method is derived for modeling and simulation and advanced language C++ computer program is developed and executed for application for any binary distillation systems.


What is social work? With this fundamental question, many of us start the journey with a new group of social work students, and the core and boundaries of social work tend to be a recurring theme throughout both undergraduate and postgraduate studies. With The compassionate bureaucrat: processing cases, facilitating change, being human Emanuel Hort and Hildur Kalman start off the current issue of Nordic Social Work Research by asking what characterises good social work and how it can be attained. Drawing on social work students' narrated experience from social work practice, the authors identify knowledge use and premises for knowledge use in social work practice, and sketch a model for illuminating variations in the professional role of a social worker. Drawing on a discussion of the three broad occupational positions of social work casework, counselling, and social assistance, Hort and Kalman argues the case for a 'compassionate bureaucrat' who integrates relational aspects, facilitation of change and legal aspects in professional practice. A key tension in debates about the nature of social work is the one between normative conceptions – what social work should be – and empirical ones – what social work is. As a comment to the latter we could summarise empirical work on social work as a field of education, knowledge and practice by paraphrasing Brown and argue that despite the almost unavoidable tendency to speak of social work as an 'it' the domain we call social work is a significantly unbounded terrain of power and techniques, an ensemble of discourses, rules and practices, cohabiting in limited, tension-ridden, often contradictory relation with one another (see Brown 1992, 12 on the state). A more middle way answer to the question of what constitutes social work could perhaps be that it depends, for example on the problem or type of social and/or human needs at hand, the historical as well as societal context, and on the perspectives among us who ask the question. The flip side of the coin is 'what is not social work?' When does professional and voluntary practice with people's struggles become something else? What troubles and needs are the responsibility of someone else than a social worker? Also here, the answer could be normative as well as empirical of course. The contributions to this issue of Nordic Social Work Research all engage with the issue of the core and boundaries of social work, and the current issue highlights relationships between social work, health and health care. Should health and social welfare be regarded as separate phenomena, or are they inevitably intertwined? What should the relationship between the social work profession and professions within the health care system be? What is the position of social work in relation to health care today? The articles bring to the fore the need to reflect upon such questions. Through a historical perspective, Sveinbjörg Júlía Svavarsdóttir, Rafael Lindqvist, Ingólfur Ásgeir Jóhannesson and Sigrún Júlíusdóttir discuss the changing boundaries for social work in the field of mental health. In their article From patients to users of services: the discourse on mental health issues in Iceland, 1960–1985 the authors discuss how a medical model of mental illness was challenged by a psychosocial model of mental health problems during this period. The case of Iceland illustrates how social work gained ground in the field of mental health, and how several professions – including social workers – strengthened their position in relation to physicians/psychiatrists. Svavarsdóttir et al. argue that the field evolved towards more holistic approaches, which attempted to understand mental illness as a result of the complex interactions of biological, psychological and social factors. Furthermore, that a perspective of treatment was combined with one of prevention and promotion. In addition, that this period was strongly influenced by new organisational models which emphasised case management, collaborative models of care and participation of users and families in care delivery.


It is an unquestionable fact that Nietzsche's philosophy has been accreted with Derrida's comments on it. This article investigates basic philosophical attributions of Derrida to Nietzsche and it gives an example of looking to Nietzsche's philosophy with Derrida's gaze. In this article, this gaze is summarized as investigation of the problematic of "woman" and "name" with referenced to "Nietzsche's identification and feminity."


A server (101) and the client (102) cooperate to three-dimensional image display system for displaying three-dimensional images (100), the server (101) indicates the vertex positions of the polygons constituting the three-dimensional shape a server memory (105) for storing the vertex information, and converts the vertex information stored in the server memory (105) in different coordinate systems, the vertex information after conversion, viewpoint information (118 sent from the client (102) ) and based on, it is determined whether a polygon or not the polygon is displayed, generates the valid vertex information (119) indicating whether it is a valid vertex in the drawing with respect to the polygon that is determined polygons to be displayed effective polygon identifying unit (110) to the server communication unit (108) to be transmitted to the valid vertex information (119) clients (102), comprising a client (102) transmits a client memory (112) for storing the vertex information representing the vertex position of the polygons constituting the three-dimensional shape, viewpoint information to the server (101) to (118), valid from the server (101) vertices and information (119) client communication unit for receiving (116), only for valid vertex from the valid vertex information (119), reads the vertex information stored in the client memory (112), into a different coordinate system , and a polygon rendering unit for generating a three-dimensional image.


Oilfield exploration and production companies worldwide can benefit economically and in many other ways by participating in well-control cooperatives rather than operating alone and reacting to well control (WC) events by creating one-off equipment to respond to the event. The authors have presented details of a proposed co-op in this paper. The cost to maintain a full complement of WC equipment and retain trained personnel in a given region is prohibitive for a single company; however, cost becomes reasonable when resources are shared among an operator base of co-operating companies. Each individual operator receives the full benefit of having strong WC event response capability while paying only a portion of the cost.


To the Editor: Masimo manufactures the Radical-7, a multi-wavelength Pulse CO-Oximeter that continuously measures noninvasive hemoglobin concentration (SpHb). This technology was the subject of a study by Applegate et al., evaluating the accuracy of revision "E" SpHb sensors and software during abdominal and pelvic surgery. Masimo appreciates the work of Applegate et al., and we are grateful for the opportunity to comment. Applegate et al. reported wider SpHb variation from laboratory hemoglobin than some other investigators have seen, and also reported that in some cases, SpHb did not trend in a consistent direction with the laboratory device they used in the study. The authors stated that the laboratory device, an operating room CO-Oximeter, has documented accuracy of 0 to 0.2 g/dl based on quality checks performed during the study. These quality checks do not actually assess accuracy but rather device precision (variation) in measurement based on running multiple reference samples. Quality analyses can be misleading because they do not use consecutive clinical blood samples run on the same or multiple laboratory devices. Significant variation in laboratory measurement is introduced by the blood sampling, storage, and mixing technique. For example, without careful attention, withdrawing blood through an arterial or venous line can allow fluid in the line to mix with the blood. Likewise, insufficient or inconsistent mixing allows blood to coagulate and renders hemoglobin measurements inaccurate. The true accuracy of any laboratory hemoglobin device can only be assessed by comparing it with the international standard for hemoglobin, the hemiglobincyanide method, as described by the International Council for Standardization in Hematology and required by the Food and Drug Administration for laboratory device submissions. Because the hemiglobincyanide method is challenging to perform in clinical settings because of complexity and time requirements, the hematology analyzer (e.g., Beckman Coulter or Sysmex) is often used as the best available clinical standard. Bland and Altman pointed out that both reference devices and test devices produce and contain inherent errors. Therefore, a complete picture of SpHb accuracy must be relative, with SpHb and other laboratory devices used clinically today at the point of care, such as operating room CO-Oximeters and portable devices such as i-Stat (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) and Hemocue (HemoCue, Inc., Cypress, CA), compared with the international hemoglobin reference standard, cynanmethemoglobin, or at least to the best-known clinical standard, a hematology analyzer. In such studies, it is critical that only one laboratory device of each type be used, as variation exists even within the same device model of different serial numbers – shown to be as high as 0.9 g/dl SD. Reporting the bias and SD of invasive but commonly available laboratory devices along with SpHb in the same subjects provides an objective evaluation of SpHb accuracy, provided proper and consistent blood sampling, storage, and mixing techniques are followed, as well as running the reference sample on a single, appropriate laboratory device, as previously described. Frasca et al. used a study design like this to evaluate the accuracy of revision E SpHb sensors in 471 comparisons made in the intensive care unit. SpHb, a satellite laboratory CO-Oximeter (RapidPoint 405; Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., Tarrytown, NY), and a point-of-care device (Hemocue 301) were compared with reference hemoglobin from the central laboratory hematology analyzer (Sysmex XT2000i; Sysmex, Kobe, Japan). The bias precision of SpHb was 0.0 1.0 g/dl, the CO-Oximeter was 0.9 0.6 g/dl, and the point-of-care device was 0.3 1.3 g/dl. In the same study, changes in SpHb compared with changes in the reference hemoglobin showed the same correlation as the laboratory CO-Oximeter and better correlation than the point-of-care device. In addition to laboratory device and blood sampling, storage, and mixing, other factors can affect the accuracy of SpHb technology, including initial sensor placement, monitoring of the sensor placement during use for potential misalignment, and use of light shielding. We would also like to point out that SpHb was configured to a long averaging time of approximately 3 min in the study by Applegate et al. During periods of rapidly changing hemoglobin concentration, the blood sample representing blood over several seconds was compared with SpHb values averaged during approximately 3 min. When hemoglobin concentration is dropping rapidly, this can lead to an overestimation by SpHb. When hemoglobin concentration is rising rapidly, this can lead to an underestimation by SpHb. Lastly, the investigators chose to record SpHb values manually, rather than using an automated data collection method, which can introduce error into the study results, especially if hemoglobin is changing rapidly. Masimo makes available data collection software that allows for time stamping of blood draws and other events during SpHb data collection. In the analysis technique used by Applegate et al. in their figure 3 scatterplot, the change in SpHb is plotted versus the change in laboratory hemoglobin. Because of variability in laboratory hemoglobin from the aforementioned factors, small changes in hemoglobin, such as those under 2.0 g/dl, should not be compared with SpHb changes. Other investigators have performed similar analyses in which reference data points with small magnitude changes were removed. Critchley et al. have proposed a "polar plot" technique that may provide the optimal method to evaluate trending ability by taking into account both bias and the magnitude of the changes. Masimo is proud of the innovations we have brought to monitoring, as well as our ability to rapidly improve technologies. The absolute accuracy reported by Applegate et al. is similar to that reported by Miller et al. in complex spine Supported by funds from Masimo Corporation, Irvine, California. CORRESPONDENCE


The Province of Ontario is aggressively pursuing renewable energy development, but not without significant turbulence. Ontario's Green Energy Act (2009) reflects this aggressive pursuit, and is aimed at making the province a global leader in renewable energy development. Wind energy is an integral but controversial part of these commitments. While several installations have been built or announced, conflicts surrounding the development of the technology continue to grow. This article documents, analyses and interprets media coverage in order to understand public discourse potentially driving support for and resistance to wind energy development (WED) in Ontario. Contrary to numerous studies which have elucidated public attitudes towards WED, the media discourse analysed suggests that roadblocks to public acceptance of the technology are more rooted in the development process (renewable energy policies and their implementation) rather than the products of WED (wind turbines). The study highlights the need for increased procedural justice to ameliorate feelings of unfairness which play a key role in fuelling resistance to the technology.


The fundamental difference between electron and ion masses is at the origin of the different technologies used for electron and ion linear accelerators. In this paper accelerating structure design, beam dynamics principles and construction technologies for both types of accelerators are reviewed, underlining the main differences and the main common features. 1 Historical background While the origin of linear accelerators dates back to the pioneering work of Ising, Wideroe, Sloan and Lawrence in the decade between 1924 and 1934 [1], the development of modern linear accelerator technology starts in earnest in the years following the end of World War II, profiting of the powerful generators and of the competences in high frequencies developed for the radars during the war. Starting from such a common technological ground two parallel developments went on around the San Francisco Bay in the years between 1945 and 1955. At Berkeley, the team of L. Alvarez designed and built the first Drift Tube Linac for protons [2], while at Stanford the group of E. Ginzton, W. Hansen and W. Panofsky developed the first disc-loaded linac for electrons [3]. Following these first developments ion and electron linac technologies progressed rather separately, and only in recent years more ambitious requirements for particle acceleration as well as the widening use of superconductivity paved the way for a convergence between the two technologies. The goal of this paper is to underline the basic common principles of ion and electron RF linacs, to point out their main differences, and finally to give an overview of the design of modern linacs. 2 Special relativity, particle velocity and synchronicity The basic difference between electrons and ions is their rest mass. The mass of an electron at rest is 9.1 × 10 kg (corresponding to 511 keV/c), while a proton has a mass of 1.6 × 10 kg (938 MeV/c), i.e. a factor about 2'000 (exactly, 1'836) difference. Heavy ions used in linear accelerators have even greater masses. Because of their difference in mass, electrons and ions will react differently to an externally applied electric field. An RF linear accelerator is basically a linear array of small space intervals ('gaps') where a time varying electric field has been generated. The field can be made synchronous with a particle beam in such a way that the particles see in each gap a field in the same longitudinal direction. The change in momentum of a particle inside the beam is determined by the well-known dynamics equation: [ ( )] ( ) d q E v B mv dt + × = In absence of a magnetic field, the force produced on the particle by the electric field increases its momentum mv. The velocity however can not increase indefinitely, being limited to the speed of


Analysis of pharmacological effect of pioglitazone on hepatic insulin sensitivity index (hISI), peripheral resistance (IR), body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW) and lipids in type II diabetes mellitus. Patients were treated with 30 mg of pioglitazone (PIO) daily and investigated for BW, BMI, FBS, fasting insulin (FI) and triglycerides (TG). hISI and IR were calculated by McAuley (McA), HOMA & QUICKI indices ISI equation. There was no significant difference in BMI, BW and TG after 3 months. There was a significant reduction in FI (37.58


The sealing ring in stern shaft sealing device is usually working in the state of continuous frictional contact,then the frictional heat will be generated on the sealing face,the temperature will rise and the thermal deformation of sealing face will appear.The temperature field model of the sealing ring was built by using the SolidWorks software,and the ANSYS 13.0 finite element software was adopted for numerical simulation in order to get the temperature field of the sealing ring under the condition of different spring compressions,the temperature distribution on the sealing face,the stress distribution and the dynamic characteristics of the time response.The results show that the temperature of the sealing ring rises with the increase of spring compression,the transient temperature will achieve the stable state in 0.5h,and the value will meet the requirement of actually used temperature range.


ABSTRACT The adhesion force between two silica surfaces was measured to investigate the effect of substrate temperature using an atomic force microscope (AFM) at various relative humidities (RH). Results show that the adhesion force behavior largely depends on the thickness of water thin film and surface conditions. At different RHs, the adhesion force decreases with the increase of substrate temperature, which was attributed to the decrease of water film thickness on surfaces due to dehydration and/or dehydroxylation. However, a hysteresis of adhesion force was observed by increasing and decreasing substrate temperature. When the substrate temperature returns back to a low value, the adhesion force becomes abnormally large, which was attributed to rehydroxylation, rehydration, and the evaporation of organic contaminants. At low RH (5 ± 1 %), the adhesion force also becomes abnormally large after cooling, which was attributed to the formation of siloxane bonds between the cantilever and sample surfaces. These results may help facilitate the anti-adhesion design of small-scale silicon-based systems under different conditions.


The results of genetic monitoring of stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus Pallas broodstock grown in recirculating aquaculture system on basis of genes of lactate dehydrogenase and esterase are presented. During four years we collected dead specimens and carried out genetics-biochemical analysis by the method of vertical electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The dead fishes were classified on three groups: small, middle and large specimens, in connection with their age and percentages of mortality in these periods. All surviving four-year-old specimens were tested as well. For the analysis of the results and estimation of direction of selection we used our data on fry and breeders of stellate sturgeons from the Astrakhan fish-farming plants and scientific-industrial centre on strurgeon breeding "BIOS", and literature data on spawning migrants caught in Volga river in 1985. The production of the above-mentioned farms was partly used for forming initial broodstock in 2009 at Mozhaisk industrial-experimental fish-farming plant. The analysis of dynamics of heterozygosity and genotypes of lactate dehydrogenase and esterase showed that in initial periods of fry growing, the genetic structure of non-surviving fishes mostly corresponded to the relationship of genotypes and heterozygosity in samples of fishes from ponds and natural environment, but the main part of the fishes with such genotypes could not be adapted to industrial conditions of growing and died. The genotypes mostly adapted to industrial conditions survived up to time of gonad maturation. The selection on the locus of lactate dehydrogenase went in favor of heterozygotes in proportion 70/100, the selection on the locus of esterase went in favor of its homozygotes. The genetic structure of breeders from four-year-old stellate sturgeon grown under selection on the studied loci in direction of adaptability to industrial conditions differed significantly from such characteristics of breeders from nature. However, under contemporary conditions this broodstock can be used as an additional genetic resource for enrichment of natural populations.


1300-nm, 1550-nm, and 1480-nm wavelength, optically pumped VECSELs based on wafer-fused
InAlGaAs/InP-AlGaAs/GaAs gain mirrors with intracavity diamond heat spreaders are described. These
devices demonstrate very low thermal impedance of 4 K/W. Maximum CW output of devices with 5 groups
of quantum wells shows CW output power of 2.7 W from 180  μm apertures in both the 1300-nm and the
1550-nm bands. Devices with 3 groups of quantum wells emitting at 1480 nm and with the same aperture
size show CW output of 4.8 W. These VECSELs emit a high-quality beam with 𝑀 2 beam parameter
below 1.6 allowing reaching a coupling efficiency as high as 70% into a single-mode fiber. Maximum value
of output power of 6.6 W was reached for 1300 nm wavelength devices with 290  μm aperture size. Based
on these VECSELs, second harmonic emission at 650 nm wavelength with a record output of 3 W and
Raman fiber lasers with 0.5 W emission at 1600 nm have been demonstrated.


This experiment investigated the effects of male gender threat on implicit self-esteem, and how that in turn may influence prejudices towards women in managerial positions. The Self-Esteem Implicit Association Test (IAT) was administered to 82 male undergraduate students prior to and after a gender threat intervention using false results on a measure of gender roles. After the gender threat intervention and IAT, respondents answered the Women as Managers Scale. Results showed that participants who received the gender threat intervention did not show significant differences in attitudes toward women in managerial positions compared to participants who were randomly assigned to the group that did not receive the gender threat. However, there was a significant positive relationship within the overall sample between implicit self-esteem and positive attitudes towards women in managerial positions.


Since the onset of the Greek crisis, thousands of − mainly young − highly educated and skilled Greeks have chosen or/and have been forced to migrate in search of better career prospects and living standards. This neomigratory wave is broadly known with the neologism 'brain drain'. The present study focuses on the ways in which selected Greek neomigrants present in their discourse their incentives to leave Greece as well as the ways in which they use social media projecting specific migrant identities (micro-level). It also examines the ways in which brain drain is discussed and constructed as discourse in infotainment media (macro-level). Drawing on insights from discourse-centred online ethnography, the Foucauldian perspective on discourse and Systemic Functional Linguistics, we present and discuss ethnographic data (interviews and social media posts) from selected Greek neomigrants settled in the UK and Germany, and media data from well-known infotainment websites. Our analysis demonstrates that the microand the macro-level are intertwined. Moreover, it indicates that the construction of brain drain amalgamates features of economic migration with features of lifestyle migration. In so doing, it sheds light on the broader socio-cultural and psychological impact of brain drain on neomigrants themselves and the Greek society.


Issues connected with expired food products are a significant, however underestimated, problem. Currently, expired food, disposed of by manufacturing industry plans, trade and gastronomy, comprises the biggest content of waste. In retail chains such products are withdrawn from sale and become waste, which should be managed properly. Expired food cannot be reintroduced to the market or sold at reduced price or on special offers. Possibilities to use fermentation may enable both utilization of expired food and biogas acquisition – a source of renewable energy. Therefore, fermentation plays three important roles. Firstly, it is a method of converting the energy from expired food into useful fuel, i.e. biogas which can be stored and transported. Secondly, this is a method aiming at recycling organic waste into stable soil improvers, liquid fertilizers and energy. And thirdly, it is a method of waste inertisation with the objective to decrease adverse influence on the environment. This article indicates possibilities to obtain biogas from three selected mixtures of expired food products.


In this paper, the effect of organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) on a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system was studied in poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) (PBT) composites containing microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) and melamine cyanurate (MC). Nanocomposite morphology was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal decomposition analysis was studied via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Combustion behavior was investigated by microcombustion calorimeter (MCC), limited oxygen index (LOI), and UL-94 test. Residues obtained after samples treated in muffle furnace at 500°C under air condition for 10 min were analyzed through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the addition of OMMT improved the flame retardancy of PBT/IFR composites significantly. A mass of microcomposite structure particles formed in the heating or combustion process of PBT/IFR/OMMT nanocomposites were found for the first time in the SEM images, which is strong evidence to confirm the migration or accumulation of montmorillonite and carbonaceous-silicate materials during the heating or combustion process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To the problem of background effects caused by the high frequency field inhomogeneity existing in the original susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI),this paper introduced a revised method named as background-effects-removing susceptibility weighted imaging(BER-SWI).On the basis of removing the low frequency field inhomogeneities using the window function in the original SWI,the new method employed several steps to achieve a better result.Firstly,the image was divided into specified regions according to the values of the pixels.Then,the average region boundary differences were used to detect the regions of the background effects with the phase jump of 2π.Finally the region grow method was utilized to find out all the background effects regions for removing.The results demonstrated that BER-SWI could remarkably remove the background effects caused by the high frequency field inhomogeneity near the bottom area of the skull,producing more accurate and clearer susceptibility weighted images.


After resection, a large number of patients with gastric carcinoma (GC) and carcinoma of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) have recurrences. Recurrences are local or with distant metastases, or a combination of both. Adjuvant chemotherapy can improve overall survival in some types of solid tumours primarily by minimising the residues of micro-metastases. While the importance of adjuvant chemotherapy in GC and GEJ is not entirely clear, adjuvant radiochemotherapy significantly prolongs the disease-free period and overall survival. Perioperative treatment with ECF chemotherapy significantly improves disease-free and overall survival. ECF chemotherapy or its other regimens, namely EOF, ECX or EOX, are the standard treatment for patients with advanced gastric carcinoma (GC) or GEJ. Treatment with taxans in combination with 5-FU and cisplatin (TCF) is also effective. New combinations of cytostatics and the introduction of new cytostatics have improved the median survival of patients with gastric carcinoma and GEJ. Target drugs have also been introduced for the treatment of metastatic GC and GEJ. Determination of biomarkers and introduction of target treatment in combination with chemotherapy has opened a new era of patientadapted treatment, also for patients with advanced gastric carcinoma and GEJ. After resection, a large number of patients with gastric carcinoma (GC) and carcinoma of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) have recurrences. Recurrences are local or with distant metastases, or a combination of both. In Europe and the USA, locoregional recurrences are more common and most frequently occur in the abdominal region, regional lymph nodes or at the anastomosis. The most common systemic extensions are liver metastases and metastases to peritoneum. GEJ carcinoma can often metastasise also to the lungs.


Unpolarized, (X, Y)-mixed electronic absorption spectra were measured on (001) plates of two natural orthopyroxenes with 24 and 45 mole % ferrosilite and with a Ca content ≤0.07 atoms pfu, at pressures up to 10.3 and 8.83 GPa, using DAC-techniques. Polarized spectra could not be obtained as the plane of linearly polarized light is lost due to strain-induced birefringence in the diamond anvils at pressures above 2.5 GPa. The (X, Y)-mixed electronic spectra exhibit a slightly pressure-dependent UV-edge at around 25000 cm −1 . There are also two strong bands a and d at ∼11000 and ∼5000 cm −1 , respectively, caused by spin-allowed transitions 5 A 1 → 5 A 1 and → 5 B 1 of Fe 2+ in the highly distorted (M2)O 6 polyhedra with site symmetry 1 of the orthopyroxene structure. The corresponding Fe 2+ (M1) transitions expected to be observed in mixed spectra (Y, Z) of the (100) plates were not found due to their low intensity and smaller energy difference. Increasing pressure induces two effects in the electronic spectra of Fe 2+ in M2 sites: (i) A high energy shift of the two bands a and d , such that the mean energy, representing the crystal field parameter 10 Dq , is increasing which indicates local compression of the Fe 2+ (M2)O 6 polyhedra. The shift with pressure is +88 cm −1 GPa −1 for band a in the entire pressure range and +210 cm −1 .GPa −1 up to ∼7 GPa or +80 cm −1 .GPa −1 above that pressure for band d. This indicates a decrease in M2 polyhedral distortion for the Fe 2+ -centered M2 sites up to ∼7 GPa, but nearly unchanged distortion at higher pressures, (ii) This change of distortion is accompanied by a strong reduction of the linear as well as integral intensities in the range of applied pressures, of the two Fe 2+ (M2) bands to about 70 % of the values at ambient conditions. This effect is ascribed to a gradual reduction of the odd crystal field components of Fe 2+ (M2), i.e. to a gradual development of the polyhedral geometry towards a regular octahedron or — at least — a centrosymmetric one. Distinct breaks in both dependences, (i) and (ii), at pressures of 6–7 GPa, are interpreted as a change in the compression mechanism of the orthopyroxene structure.


Based on the principle of statistical energy analysis for conservatively or non-conservatively coupled systems,SEA models containing two subsystems and that including five ones are established for a panel-sideframe coupling structure.The research is focused on the energy relationship between the two models to make it possible that conservative or non-conservative coupling loss factors associated with a complicated coupling system can be obtained from a simple system, but similar to the complex one. Results from both the theoretical analysis and experiments show that the conservative coupling loss factor from the panel to the sideframe is 4 times that from the former to the latter one,and a similar quantitative relationship between non conservative coupling loss factors can also be obtained after into account taking the effective proportional factor,which is induced by the coupling damping.As a rational support of the study,good agreement between the two results is found.


As an important component of building energy efficiency,the energy efficiency of building electrical has become an important part of building electrical design.This article elaborates some measures and applications about the energy efficient design of building electrical,according to principles that it must adhere to.


The work deals with the structural investigation of Cu2O structures for photoelectrochemical splitting of water by means of X-ray diffraction and AFM. Potentiostatic electrodeposition of Cu2O layers under illumination and in the dark was carried out on Ag, Au and ITO coated glass substrates. It was found relations between deposition parameters, microstructure and photoelectrochemical properties. Light caused higher growth rate, because the photogenerated carriers contributed to the reduction of the electrolyte. Higher growth rate implied larger crystallites, more textured and less stressed layers. Larger crystallites with better quality can lead to higher photoresponse due to better charge carrier collection.The work deals with the structural investigation of Cu2O structures for photoelectrochemical splitting of water by means of X-ray diffraction and AFM. Potentiostatic electrodeposition of Cu2O layers under illumination and in the dark was carried out on Ag, Au and ITO coated glass substrates. It was found relations between deposition parameters, microstructure and photoelectrochemical properties. Light caused higher growth rate, because the photogenerated carriers contributed to the reduction of the electrolyte. Higher growth rate implied larger crystallites, more textured and less stressed layers. Larger crystallites with better quality can lead to higher photoresponse due to better charge carrier collection.


This paper analyzes the characteristic of the recovery voltage when single phase earth fault occurs in EHV/UHV transmission line with shunt reactor. According to the different frequency characteristics of the recovery voltage, a new method based on power spectrum to distinguish the temporary faults from the permanent faults in EHV/UHV transmission lines is proposed. Through using the distribution of spectral line nearby the power frequency in power spectrum, this method can identify the type of a fault. The criterion that doesn't need high frequency contents is easy to set and implement. Power spectrums are calculated and analyzed by use of MATLAB/ SIMULINK. The results show that the proposed method is accurate and feasible.


College Students should confront different kinds of culture from the real reality and virtual internet,moral education environment change,and all kinds of modern element effect,which challenges the moral cultivation at colleges.This paper proposes that college moral education should strengthen the traditional culture education,enhance legal conceptions,participate the social practice and reform the moral assessment mode.


To realize the high-speed spinning projectile trajectory correction,the correction of steering gear reduction spinning and servo system of permanent magnet motor positioning control testing are critical. Based on the two-dimensional fixed duck rudder work principle and control methods research of the permanent magnet synchronous motor,the way of steering gear system location correction control is detected by hall sensor. Through the installation of hall sensor in the simulation prototype,the position detection precision of the steering gear and speed measuring precision is improved by the improved six short pulse positioning technology. Experimental results showthat the steering gear control system structure is simple with the ideal positioning accuracy. And under the condition of high speed rotating system,it has good stability and high reliability,which provides experimental basis for subsequent spiral spring two-dimensional trajectory correction on steering gear control system research.


The article describes the principle of cleanroom antisepsis, the elements of antisepsis, the method and caution of antisepsis. The article also provides the priciple of chosing the method and its caution.


PURPOSE: Rear suspension connection structure of the floor of a vehicle is provided to reduce the material cost, the assembling cost and the weight, improve the mounting stiffness of the end portion of a cross member and a rear floor side member, and reduce impact or vibration transmitted to the upper part of the vehicle body from a suspension side. CONSTITUTION: Rear suspension connection structure of the floor of a vehicle comprises a rear floor side member(10), and a rear floor cross member(20) vertically connected to the rear floor side member. A reinforcement(30) is welded to the inside of the rear floor side member. A weld pipe(40) is welded to the reinforcement, to accord a bolt hole of the reinforcement with the inside diameter forming an internal thread. A vertical partition(50) is welded, crossing the width of the rear floor side member. A bent portion(51) is formed in the middle of the vertical partition. The weld pipe is welded, covered with the bent portion. A reinforcement(60) is simultaneously welded to the inside of the rear floor cross member and the side of the rear floor side member.


This paper provides information on placing geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) as a lining material over coarse-grained soils in cover systems or irrigation ponds. The effects of the hydraulic head acting over the GCL and the void size of the subgrade material on deformation behavior of the GCL were analyzed by using finite element method (FEM) and a relation between the deformations and failure of the GCL was established by comparing the results with those obtained from an experimental study. Based upon these results, recommendations for the use of GCL as a barrier over coarse materials are given.


Most introductory or intermediary marketing courses present marketing from a manufacturer's perspective, in which product distribution is treated as one of the marketing mix variables under the complete control of the manufacturer. Product distribution is assumed by a wide range of middlemen and various distribution agencies that operate in a distinct and separate market. Wholesaler - distributors represent one such type of middlemen and their marketing agenda do not always coincide with the one set out by manufacturers. Thus, the need to form partnerships or alliances via the use of marketing programs and other incentives in order to assure smooth product distribution from points of the production to end users. This paper, then, briefly explains the role of wholesaler-distributors in general, and specifically spells out what they actually do for their suppliers based on the types of marketing functions they perform. The functional approach is also used to analyze the various marketing tasks which are assumed by the wholesaler when taking on a new supplier's product line.


The real-time accurate judgment of force and angular displacement is the basis of controlling for wearable hand rehabilitation robot. This paper puts forward to and set up a kind of real-time detection system of force and the angular displacement, which includes an elastic pressure glove and three thin film pressure sensors and three angular displacement sensors. And the system can accurately detect the pressure on the knuckles of the thumb and forefinger and middle finger, at the meantime three angular displacements of IP of the thumb and the PIP of the index finger and middle finger during hand rehabilitation training. Finally, the motion of the hand can be assessed and the curative effect of rehabilitation treatment can be judged objectively. So this study could provide the basis for the selection of appropriate treatment technology and the hand display technology and other ways to reduce the limited range of motion (ROM).


Regarding acoustic in buildings, thus the external and neighboring noise, their performance is directly influenced by the materials that are used to compose the systems, so the materials and compositions must be previously tested to evaluate their airborne sound insulation capacity. Based on studies already made, the airborne sound insulation of masonry block walls is conditioned by the geometry of the blocks and the coatings applied. Therefore, this study had the aim of expand the knowledge of the performance and behavior of masonry block walls thus airborne sound insulation by the evaluation of walls composed by ceramic blocks coated with mortar. The samples were composed of different ceramic blocks to evaluate the impact caused by the different physical characteristics of and the mortar coating in the airborne sound insulation performance. Tests were performed in a laboratory facility by the procedures of ISO 10140-2:2010. The results showed that in the uncoated condition, it was found that the highest insulation was observed in the samples with more bulk mass and higher Aliq/Ab ratio. And with the samples coated, it was noted that the coat improved the insulation, but the bulk mass was the most influential characteristic as opposed to the Aliq/Ab ratio even though the best results were obtained for samples with higher Aliq/Ab ratios.


A kinetic theory of the conductivity of a slightly ionized gas is developed to distinguish between alternate expressions derived by Desloge et al. from the Boltzmann transport equation. It is determined that the current in a Lorentzian model is obtained by averaging the electron drift velocity over a function resembling the zero field distribution shifted by the drift velocity. The linear term corresponds to one of the proposed expressions. Nonlinear terms may also be obtained. The quadrature current is increased by a factor proportional to the ratio of the average electron kinetic energy in the field to the kinetic energy in the absence of the field when the first nonlinear term is included.


The paper describes a field programmable gate array implementation of the main part of speech recognition system - feature extraction. In order to accelerate recognition the whole cepstral analysis scheme is implemented in hardware by the use of intellectual property cores. Two field programmable gate array devices are used for evaluation. Comparative experimental results of four different implementations are presented. They grounds achieved 29 times faster speech analysis in comparison with software based analysis subsystem.


A supplemental controller for static var compensator (SVC) is developed for the voltage regulation in a power system. The control objectives are to suppress voltage fluctuations and to maintain voltage at nominal levels in different parts of power system within ANSI C84.1 limits (or ±5 % tolerance). Voltage fluctuations are mainly caused by disturbances such as random power load changes and loss of major equipment. These disturbances degrade voltage/power quality and could lead to catastrophic voltage collapse and black out. SVC itself can regulate voltage flicker but its robustness against the disturbances is inadequate. Therefore, an active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is applied to the SVC system for enhancing its performance. The ADRC is independent of the accurate mathematical model of the SVC system and able to compensate for external disturbances in real time. An ADRC is implemented on the power system with SVC in Simscape Power Systems. Simulation results demonstrate that the ADRC reach the control objectives successfully, and have superior performance to PI controller in disturbance rejection. In addition, the stability of the control system is justified. The comparison between both PI and ADRC is discussed.


Many authors have developed methods for automatic recognition and classification of signal patterns based on wavelet transforms and wavelet theory. However so far a method to find the wavelet family that best fits a particular class of signals is yet not evolved. We present a new method based on a combination of wavelet analysis and the training method used in the field of artificial neural networks. We define a training process applied to a family of wavelets and intended to optimise the pattern detection and location capabilities when applied to a particular class of signals. We also demonstrate how this method is used to detect and localise the interictal epileptic spikes within human EEG bio-signals.


Abstract In this paper we investigate the existence three positives solutions by using Leggett-Williams fixed point theorem in cones for three boundary value problem with fractional order and infinite delay.


Abstract Social entrepreneurship can be represented as a transitional vehicle that serves for creating shared value among an entrepreneur, society and the environment. Social entrepreneurship is a sub-discipline within entrepreneurship that remains a poorly-understood complex phenomenon. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to empirically analyze the complex relationships among a set of capabilities (namely mission-driven, stakeholder, cross-sector collaboration and environmental management) and social entrepreneurship. Their relationships and effects on the shared value in social, environmental and economic dimensions were analyzed based on data from 22 social enterprises in Thailand. Findings show that there was no single condition that necessarily and solely contributed to high or low social entrepreneurship and shared value. However, a sufficiency analysis revealed several combinations of conditions that sufficiently produced high and low expected outcomes. Because of the special characteristics of social entrepreneurship, the findings highlight the importance of fsQCA for finding different combinations of conditions leading to the same outcomes. In addition, the social and environmental values were found to be a source of competitive advantage and superior economic value that enable the identification and creation of new market opportunities.


Density functional theory (DFT) is used to study the formation, properties and atomic configurations of monovacancies, antisite defects and possible interstitials in GaN. The relaxation around a vacancy is generally small, but the relaxation around antisite defects is large, particularly for a Ga antisite defect, which is not stable and converts to an N-N split interstitial. All N interstitials, starting from any possible sites, eventually transfer into the N-N split interstitials, forming N molecules. In the case of Ga interstitials, the most favorable configuration is the Ga octahedral interstitial. However, it is found that the Ga-Ga split interstitial can bridge the gap between non-bonded Ga atoms along the direction, which leads to the formation of Ga atomic wires in GaN, with bond distance close to those noted in bulk Ga. In addition, two representative potentials, namely Stillinger-Weber and Tersoff-Brenner potentials, have been employed to deter mine the formation of defects using molecular dynamics (MD) method in GaN. The MD results are discussed and compared to DFT calculations. The present DFT and MD results provide guidelines for evaluating the quality and fit of empirical potentials for large-scale simulations of ion-solid interaction and thermal annealing of defects in GaN.


The atomic-scale s t r u c t u r e o f l i q u i d germanium and s i l i c o n was modelled. A model wi th s t r u c t u r e d first atomic coord ina t ion was proposed. The first s h e l l c o n s i s t s o f two subshe l l s : t h e i n n e r one a d i s t o r t e d t e t r a h e d r a l configur a t i o n , t h e o u t e r one a random c o n f i g u r a t i o n of 1-5 atoms. An e x c e l l e n t f i t t o t h e exper imenta l d i f f r a c t i o n d a t a was obtained when weak bond bending f o r c e s i n t h e t e t r a h e d r a l s u b s h e l l were considered. In t roduct ion . The s t r u c t u r e o f l i q u i d semiconductors (SC) and se mimetals is s t i l l a cha l l eng ing problem. Based on e a r l i e r d i f f r a c t i o n experiments? Krebs /l/ proposed f o r l i q u i d germanium (l iq-Ge) a s t r u c t u r e consisting of a d i s t o r t e d NaC1-type c o n f i g u r a t i o n wi th f o u r n e a r e s t neighbours and two s l i g h t l y f a r t h e r removed atoms. Isherwood e t a l . /2/ b u i l t a s p a t i a l model w i th d i s t o r t e d octahed r a , randomly connected. L a t e r on, Orton / 7 , 4 / devised a gene ra l model f o r molten SC and SM ( t h e double hard sphe re model) assuming t h e ex i s t ence of two s p e c i e s o f atoms i n the l i q u i d , g i v i n g long and s h o r t i n t e ra tomic d i s t ances . P o l t a v t s e v /5/ proposed a model f o r l i q u i d germanium based on two types o f atomic c l u s t e r s : one w i t h s imple cubic c o n f i g u r a t i o n and t h e o t h e r w i t h a random neighbour conf igu ra t ion . For s i l i c o n melt he proposed a model w i th d i s t o r t e d simple cubic coord ina t ion s i m i l a r t o t h a t proposed by Krebs. Waseda and Suzuki /6/ and Gabathuler and S teeb / 7 / i n v e s t i g a t e d t h e s t r u c t u r e o f Ge and S i me l t s and concluded t h e t t hey c o n s i s t of a mixture of me ta l l i ke atomic arrangement randomly d i s t r i b u t e d and cova len t l i ke arrangement. All t hese models f a i l t o reproduce s a t i s f a c t o r i l y both s t r u c t u r e f a c t o r and r a d i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n f u n c t i o n (RDF) of t h e mel t s . Consequently we propose a new model f o r l i q u i d s i l i c o n and germanium elements which gave a n e x c e l l e n t f i t t o t h e exper imenta l d i f f r a c t i o n d a t a and a l lows f o r a s imple exp lana t ion o f t h e s t r u c t u r a l evo lu t ion o f t h e me l t s wi th t h e temperature. Modelling.S t a r t i n g from t h e idea t h a t t h e cova len t f o r c e s a r e n o t completely l o s t i n l i q u i d SC and SM but only weakened, we f i r s t l y b u i l t a model f o r liq-Ge wi th 71 atoms a s a network of f l a t t e n e d t e t r a h e d r a in terconnected i n s i x f o l d r i n g s o f atoms. Two longe r bonding d i s t a n c e s f o r every atom were al lowed on t h e open s i d e s o f i t s te t rahedron. Using t h e bond s t r e t c h i n g f o r c e c o n s t a n t , kr, of c r y s t a l l i n e germanium (c-Ge) and a t r i a l s e t o f equ i l i b r ium d i s t a n c e s a s g iven i n / 6 / , t he s t r u c t u r e was r e l axed by a Monte-Carlo procedure /8/ s o a s t o minimize t h e bond d i s t o r t i o n en r The atomic i n t e r a c t i o n was in t roduced i n t h e form: V =k (rq-Fj2 a s r e s u l t e d from t h e va lence f o r c e f i e l d theory of $eaFing/9/ (r, is Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19814228 C4-1044 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE t h e equ i l i b r ium in t e ra tomic d i s t a n c e ) . Afterwards, t h e long bonds c o n f i g u r a t i o n was modified acco rd ing t o t h e tendency of t h e atoms towards a more dense packing and then t h e model was r e l axed aga in f o r v a r i o u s s e t s of bonding d i s t a n c e s and va r ious va lues o f t h e bond bending f o r c e c o n s t a n t , k , f o r t h e non-cent ra l f o r c e s i n t he t e t r a h e d r a l subshe l l . An i n t e r % $ t i o n p o t e n t i a l o f t h e type suggest e d by Keating /g / , V2=ke(Oi-do) , do being t h e equi l ibr ium angle, w a s considered. The b e s t f i t t o t h e s t r u c t u r e f a c t o r s.I(s) where s=2,sinQ/% was ob ta ined wi th t h e fo l lowing parameters: t h e e q u i l i brium d i s t a n c e s rl=2.70 2 and r a = 2 . 9 0 8 and t h e bond bending f o r c e 1 cons t an t ke=O.lxk (Ge) , where k (Ge) is t h e bond bending f o r c e const a n t f o r c r y s t a l l ? n e germanium,Bcentred on t h e t e t r a h e d r a l ang le ( f i g u r e 1 and 2 ) . I e : Model 171/ -. -. KO =O 1 K@IGe) d r = 0 . 3 4 I I .. ............. Ar --0.26 II ---A r = O A (l II I I l experimenf Ge (980°Cl For Ar=rl-r izO.2 8 t h e int e g r a l width f t h e first peak i n RDF ( ~ 0 . 4 W) c o r r e c t l y r e produces t e experimental val u e (0.43 k /2/). Moreover, a s i n t h e e x ~ e r i m e n t a l RDF. t h e first peak i n t h e RDF o f t h e model does no t s p l i t . The experimental d a t a on l i q u i d s i l i c o n were reproduced wi th h ighe r s t r e n g t h o f t h e bending fo rce :k =0.25k (Gel These r e s u l t s a r e i Sf tqualifat i v e agreement wi th t h e observed h ighe r va lue o f t h e bond bending f o r c e cons t an t i n c-Si t han i n c-Ge /g/. The rough e s t ima t ion of t h e mean coord ina t ion number of Ge from t h e model is m=6.6, i n f a i r l y good agreement w i th t h e experimental da ta : 6.8 /6/, 6.5 /7/, 7.1 / 2 / . The o u t e r s u b s h e l l o f t h e Ge-surrounding con ta ins 1-5 atoms ( t h e mean number is 2.6 atoms). The succes o f t h e above model al lowed us t o conclude t h a t a g e n e r a l random model f o r molten SC and S M must t a k e i n t o account t h e s p l i t t i n g of t he first coord ina t ion s h e l l and weak non-cent ra l f o r c e s . 1 ..' , Consequently, we b u i l t a model 3 L 5 6 w i t h 165 atoms l i n k i n g toge the r 93 u n i t s c o n s i s t i n g o f a cenFig. 2 : The RDPs of liq-Ge t r a l atom t e t r a h e d r a l l y bonded model ( 7 1 atoms) r e t o o t h e r f o u r atoms. A f t e r a l axed f o r va r ious s e t s pre l iminary r e l a x a t i o n w i t h of bonding d i s t a n c e s . only t h e bond s t r e t c h i n g f o r c e cen t r ed on t h e exper imenta l mean bonding d i s t a n c e of liq-Ge (2.82 2 / 6 / ) , t h e bonds were r ea r r an ged according t o t h e tendency shown by t h e atoms towards a b e t t e r surrounding. The f i n a l r e l a x a t i o n was performed f o r t h e s e t o f equil i b r i u m d i s t a n c e s a l r eady obtained i n t h e model w i t h 71 atoms and f o r va r ious bond bending f o r c e s i n t h e t e t r a h e d r a l s u b s h e l l ( f i g u r e 3) . When weak bond bending f o r c e was used i n the computat ions, ke=O.l X ke(Ge), t h e s t r u c t u r e f a c t o r of liq-Ge was s a t i s f a c t o r i l y reproduced. The e x i s t e n c e o f two bonding d i s t a n c e s determines a r a p i d damping of t h e s t r u c t u r e f a c t o r a t h igh S , a s is exper imenta l ly observed. A l o wer coord ina t ion number i n t h i s model, Rz5.9, accounts f o r t h e f i n e s h i f t of t h e l e f t component o f t h e main d i f f r a c t i o n peak from its r i g h t pos i t i on . When t h e tempera ture of t h e Ge-melt is r a i s e d from 1 0 0 0 ~ ~ t o 1 3 0 0 ~ ~ t h e l i q u i d germanium l o s s e s t h e r e s i d u a l bond bending f o r c e s i n t h e t e t r a h e d r a l s u b s h e l l and t h e s t r u c t u r e approaches t h a t of a meta l l ike mel t , a s can be seen by t h e d isappearance of t h e shoulder on t h e first d i f f r a c t i o n peak /10/. C4-1046 JOUXNAL DE PHYSIQUE


In contrast to the known mechanistic approach, which is summing up mechanistic details of a process this paper presents a new methodology for the description and modeling of complex systems, which is based on a macroscopic pattern analysis based on formal analogies. The resulting mathematical model consists of a series of model parameters wich are described in dependence of a number of significant process variables of the macroscopic process pattern. The methodology is explained in some case studies: the production processes of industrial antibiotics and pilot plant scale biotoxins, the predictability of hurricans and monsoon.


SummaryThe taxonomy of six species of the moss genusDitrichum subgenusDitrichum, comprising all of the known species from North America, has been reviewed. Specific characters have been reevaluated, distributional patterns were studied, and a key included which emphasizes diagnostic characters not previously stressed. Two species,D. rufescens, andD. montanum have tropical American affinities. In addition two species-pairs are recognized, each pair consisting of a diploid and tetraploid species with haploid chromosome numbers of 13 and 26 respectively.D. schimperi, a West Coast tetraploid species, appears to be more closely related toD. henryi, a diploid species which is restricted essentially to the Appalachian and Alleghanian Uplands.D. pallidum, a widespread species of the east, is a tetraploid and has a Coastal Plain counterpart inD. curritucki, a closely related diploid species. Cytological, geographical, and morphological observations are discussed.


Objective: To determine the prevalence of contact lens related dry eyes among contact lens wearer in Malaysia, to identify the association between age and the dry eye symptoms and to study the association between duration of contact lens wear and the dry eye symptoms. Materials and methods: An online survey of Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) was distributed through media socials. Information on participants' age, gender, type of contact lens wear, and duration of wearing contact lens were included. Results: A total of 140 contact lens wearer completed the online survey with 94.3% of female participants. The type of contact lens used by the participants were mostly soft contact lens (98.6%) with monthly disposable modality (75.0%) followed by daily disposable modality (15.7%). Most of the participants reported eye discomfort "sometimes" (48.6%) for the last 2 weeks with the intensity level of discomfort on scale "3" (31.4%), followed by dryness "sometimes" (39.3%) with intensity of "2" (29.3%) at the end of the wearing time. There are significant correlation between age and the dry eyes symptoms which are the frequency of eyes discomfort and having to remove lenses (p 0.05). Conclusion: Eye dryness is the most reported symptom which is more frequent and intense at the end of wearing time.


FIELD: ventilation. SUBSTANCE: method for ventilation and heating of a non-residential facility is improved by means of supply of air flows into the facility from atmosphere and their discharge into atmosphere from the facility, extraction of some smoke from gas ducts upstream stacks of gas boilers, supply of smoke into a flue arranged in the floor, heating of the facility with heat of smoke into atmosphere, besides, smoke and air from the facility are discharged jointly via a common flue, and also by means of control of facility temperature according to smoke parameters. When implementing the method, some air flows prior to discharge into atmosphere are sent into the flue arranged in the floor, temperature in the facility is controlled by smoke flow, and checking adjustment is realised by air flow from the facility mixed to smoke via the flue arranged in the floor. EFFECT: increased efficiency of facility temperature control with reduction of heating costs. 2 dwg


Background:  Inflammation and malnutrition are recognized as important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Owing to substantial short‐term variability of serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), more reliable markers of malnutrition–inflammation complex syndrome should be sought with stronger associations with the risk of CVD in HD patients. We therefore explored the clinical relevance of a composite inflammatory index (prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index [PINI]) and of muscle protein mass indicators, derived from creatinine kinetics.


This work ponders upon the problems that museums are facing in regards to the semiotic- discursive handling of their cultural legacy. It also deals with the...


Abstract In an era of misinformation, libraries can play a key role as a bridge between the community and the academy. Built on institutional assessment data in areas of scholarly communication and digital scholarship, a new yearly Going Public symposium was designed to help researchers forge new knowledge translation and mobilization skills. Findings from the symposium indicate interdisciplinary interest in translating research to non-academic audiences and a desire to work with the community to co-create solutions to real-world problems through public scholarship, citizen science, and community-engaged research methods.


In the title compound, C9H10N2O2·H2O, the molecular skeleton of the acetohydrazide molecule is nearly planar [within 0.014 (1) Å]. The molecule adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond, while the side chain is slightly twisted away from the attached ring, forming a dihedral angle of 9.975 (8)°. The crystal packing exhibits a three-dimensional network composed from alternating acetohydrazide molecules and uncoordinated water molecules, which interact via N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. A C—H⋯π interaction is also present.


The surface chemistry of slag dispersed in synthetic cement pore solution (SCPS) was studied in absence and presence of polycarboxylate (PC) superplasticizers. Three different slag samples and two PCs based on methacrylic acid–co–ω–methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate ester were employed. Zeta potential measurement of slag suspensions in SCPS revealed that all slags initially possess a negative surface charge owed to the highly alkaline pH (formation of silanolate groups). Onto this surface, at first, calcium and subsequently sulfate ions present in SCPS adsorb, thus forming a double ion layer; the first positively charged layer consisting of Ca2+ ions and the second negatively charged layer containing SO42− anions. Consequently, the final surface charge of slag dispersed in SCPS is always negative. Upon addition of PC superplasticizer, competitive adsorption between the sulfate ions and PC occurs. Highly anionic PCs can desorb SO42− and adsorb in high amount onto the Ca2+ ion layer, thus producing a strong dispersing effect. However, less anionic PCs cannot adsorb and do not fluidify the slag suspension. The total adsorbed amount of PC is determined by the packing density (positive charge) of the Ca2+ ion layer present on the surface of slag.


In this paper, we consider a dynamic stochastic inventory model with fixed inventory holding and shortage costs in addition to a fixed ordering cost. WE discuss a sufficient and necessary condition for an (s,S) policy to be optimal in the class of such stochastic inventory models. Furthermore, we explore how such a sufficient and necessary condition can be rewritten when the demand distribution is specified. Several examples such as uniform, exponential, normal and gamma distribution functions are treated. The main purpose of this paper is to show that the (s, 5) policy is still optimal under a simple condition even if fixed inventory costs are involved. Although Aneja. and Noori (1) consider a similar model only with fixed inventory shortage cost, our proof for the optimality of an (8, S) policy in the multi-period model is different from and much simpler than theirs.


Purpose : To evaluate the early intermediate outcomes of total hip arthroplasty using hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated smooth surface hemispherical acetabular component. Materials and Methods : Seventy total hip arthroplasties were performed, in 63 patients, using a HA-coated smooth surface hemispherical acetabular component consecutively between June 1993 and August 1996. Fifty-four cases were followed at an average of 71 months. The mean age at the time of arthroplasty was 49 years old. Clinical results were evaluated using the modified Harris hip score, and the radiologic results were evaluated in terms of stability, polyethylene wear rate, and osteolysis around the acetabular component. Results : The mean preoperative Harris hip score of 50.9 was improved to 82.2 points at the most recent follow-up. Pelvic osteolysis was found at 18 cases (33%) and the mean polyethylene wear rate was 0.15 mm/year. Eight acetabular components (15%) were unstable radiologically and 7 acetabular components (13%) were revised. Conclusion : Total hip arthroplasty using HA-coated smooth surface hemispherical acetabular component showed accelerated polyethylene wear rate, which was accompanied by a high incidence of osteolysis, and a high loosening rate due to failure of bony ongrowth at early midterm.


Au catalysts supported with carbon‐based carriers have been extensively studied for the hydrochlorination of acetylene and expected to replace toxic mercury catalysts. However, removal of the highly corrosive aqua regia used in the preparation of carbon‐based catalysts while maintaining catalytic activity and stability remains a key challenge. Herein, we present a green technology carrier, activated carbon fibers (ACF), to support gold catalysts for the hydrochlorination of acetylene. TPD and XPS analyses confirmed the presence of surface oxygen‐containing functional groups (SOGs) and pyrrolic N species on the ACF. The Au/ACF−H2O catalyst exhibited better catalytic activity and stability than Au/ROX0.8(AQ)−H2O. Characterization results revealed that the catalytic properties of Au/ACF−H2O could be attributed to the anchoring and stabilization of gold active species on the SOGs, leading to atomic dispersion, and to the improvement of HCl adsorption with the synergistic effect of electron‐donating pyrrolic N groups. The results indicated that usage of this green carrier can be considered as the a new approach to reduce or eliminate the use of strong oxidizing reagents in the preparation of Au catalysts.


Aims:  To determine the occurrence of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 and coliform bacteria isolates resistant to antimicrobial agents in dairy herds by examining milk filters and to analyse the influence of management factors and antibiotic use on antimicrobial resistance.


Remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS), known as '3S' technologies, can be applied to agricultural fields separately or in combinations. These technologies are used to obtain multidimensional information, especially for temporal series, in agricultural production systems, to manage and process spatial and attribute data comprehensively, to propose related information for agricultural decision\|makers and farmers, and further to provide guidelines for the regional agricultural production and sustainable development. In this paper, the prospects of applying these technologies to develop agricultural production in the Northwest of China were discussed. The discussions were centralized on retrievals of land surface temperature and soil moisture, and on monitoring of drought occurrence and desertification dynamically, and on management of the data as well.Most areas of the Northwest China belong to arid and semi\|arid areas where rainfall is low and with uneven spatial and temporal distributions. Rainfed agriculture is popular in the region. Many field studies showed that there are two main constraints for the region's agricultural development, one is the shortage of soil water supply and another is that soil fertility is low. The soil water shortage is often occurred over a large area, therefore, the only way to monitor the shortage and to estimate its extent is using remote sensing technology. For bare soil or soil with sparse vegetation coverage, remotely sensed data can be used to model soil thermal inertia, and further to model soil moisture. Taking NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data as a example, firstly, channel 1 (0.58~0.68 μm) and channel 2 (0.72~1.10 μm) can be used to retrieve soil surface albedo, and for channel 4 (10.3~11.3 μm) and channel 5 (11.5~12.50 μm) to retrieve land surface temperature by the so\|called spilt window technology. Secondly, a model of soil real thermal inertia was established based on solving near\|surface conductive heat transfer equation by applying Fourier series method. And finally, an empirical or semi\|empirical relation between soil surface moisture and soil thermal inertia can be found by applying regression approaches. For the vegetation covered areas, different indices, such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Anomaly Vegetation Index (AVI), were also explored from AVHRR data, and these indices can be used to monitor drought occurrence.The Northwest of China located in the inland of Eurasia, soil wind and water erosions are very serious in the region, therefore, soil/land desertification is also occurred extensively, especially in the arid areas caused by wind erosion and in the semi\|arid areas of the Loess Plateau caused by water runoff. It is very useful to investigate the gradation of desertification and as well as to study the spatial and temporal distributions of desertification by using satellite remotely sensed images. For images with low spatial resolution, such as AVHRR, they can be used to monitor desertification over a large area during a long period, and for high spatial resolution image data, such as Landsat, these data can be used to monitor desertification in a relatively small area in detail.GPS technology can be applied to acquiring precision positions when field surveys are carried out or remotely sensed missions are implemented. While GIS technology is an effective tool for storing, analyzing, managing and updating of spatial and attribute data, including remotely sensed data and GPS acquired data.


The general principles of shock-wave consolidation and the problems arising from the explosive processing of super-hard materials are considered. The results of numerical analyses and experiments are presented, these include sample pre-heating. This heating allows a wider range of material properties. Some of the technological aspects of impulse explosive hot-vacuum welding of polycrystalline and ultra-dispersed diamonds by detonation are discussed. Fractography of the diamond fragment chips is studied and the results of X-Ray analysis of the lattice parameters are given as well as the dimensions of areas with short range order.


Mineralization of sludge organic N and the effect of transformations in nitrogen compounds on soil solution composition were studied in incubated soil-sludge mixtures. Four soils were incubated with sludge at four mixing ratios (1–15% sludge) for 90 d at 35 °C under continuous flow of water saturated air. Soil-water contents were maintained at 60% of the 0.033 MPa tension. The extent of ammonification was 41 to 61% of the amount of sludge organic N added. Both soil properties and sludge content affected the extent of ammonification. The soils' effect was relatively small. Only the clayey and sandy soils differed significantly (54.5 vs. 47.9%). The effect of sludge loading was more pronounced. At 1 and 5% sludge contents the ammonification was significantly greater (53 and 56% ammonified) than at 10% (48%) or 15% (43%) sludge contents. The reduced ammonification at the higher sludge and clay content might be related to the more intense nitrification-induced salinization observed in these treatments. Sludge content and soil properties affected the initial rates of both ammonification and ammonia volatilization. Ammonification was linearly related to sludge and clay content, whereas the volatilization rate was similarly related to sludge content but inversely related to cation exchange capacity (CEC). Estimated half-lifes for the added organic N is 2 to 8.5 d. Up to 87% of the ammonified sludge N, was lost as gaseous species, mostly as ammonia. Sludge application to soils and subsequent transformations could greatly influence soil solution chemistry and composition of exchangeable cations, depending mainly on its content.