Specific binding of la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [la,25(OH)2D3J to macromolecular components in the cytoplasm and nucleus is demonstrated in parathyroid glands of vitamin-D-deficient chicks. The interaction of la,25(OH)WD3 with the cytoplasmic binding component is of high affinity (R4 = 3.2 X 10-10 M) and high specificity [la,25(OH)2D3 > 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 > la-hydroxyvitamin D3 > vitamin D3 in competing with radioactive la,25(0H)2D31. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear hormone-macromolecular complexes sediment at 3.1 S in 0.3 M KCI-sucrose gradients, and agarose gel filtration of the components indicates an apparent molecular weight of 58,000. The 3.1S binding molecules are not observed in adrenal gland, testes, liver, or kidney, but similar receptors for la,25-(0H)2D3 have been found previously in intestine. Macromolecular species with a high affinity and preference for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(0H)D3] are also identified in parathyroid cytosol and differ from the parathyroid la,25(OH)WD3-binding component in that: (1) they sediment at 6 S in 0.3 M KCI-sucrose gradients, (2) they are observed in all tissues examined, (3) they have a higher affinity for 25(OH)D3 than la,25-(0H)2D3, and (4) they are not found in the nucleus of the parathyroid glands, in vitro. The discovery of unique la,25.OH)2D3-binding components in the parathyroid glands is consistent with the sterol hormone's action at this endocrine site and possible involvement in the regulation of parathyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. Vitamin D3 action to mobilize calcium and phosphate at intestine and bone is thought to be mediated by the metabolite la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [la,25-(OH)2D3] (1-4). Its production from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3] by the renal la-hydroxylase appears to be regulated by calcium (5), phosphate (6, 7), parathyroid hormone (PTH) (7, 8), and the vitamin D status of the animal (9). Evidence suggests that hypocalcemia stimulates PTH secretion which in turn enhances the production of la,25-(OH)2D3 at the kidney (7, 8). Thus PTH, rather than calcium, may be the dominant modulator of the renal la-hydroxylase (10) and the finding of abnormal circulating 1a,25-(OH)2D3 in humans with parathyroid disease is consistent with this concept (11, 12). DeLuca has proposed that PTH and phosphate deficiency may be functioning through a common intracellular mechanism to enhance the la-hydroxylase by lowering the phosphate level in the renal cell (10). Moreover, MacIntyre and associates (13) have suggested that la,25-(OH)2D3 might control its own biosynthesis directly at the kidney by a negative feedback mechanism involving the de novo synthesis of the la-hydroxylase enzyme. Clearly, the fashion in which la,25-(OH)2D3, PTH, and phosphate deficiency interact to control the formation of 1a,25-(OH)2D3 at its kidney endocrine site must be completely understood before the exact role of 1a,25-(OH)2D3 in the homeostatic regulation of calcium and phosphate can be elucidated. Henry and Norman (14) have recently reported that la,25-(OH)2[3H]Da is localized in chick parathyroid glands following administration of the sterol, in vivo. In the present experiments, specific binding components for 1a,25(OH)2D3 have been isolated from chick parathyroid glands and characterized in vitro. Previous reports (15, 16) have demonstrated that 1la,25-(OH)2D3 interacts with the intestine in a manner similar to the binding of steroid hormones to their respective target organs. 1a,25-(OH)2D3 enters the intestinal cell and binds to a 3.7S cytoplasmic receptor protein (17, 18). The hormone receptor complex then migrates into the nucleus in a temperature-dependent process, where it associates with the chromatin (15, 17-19). We report here that similar intracellular receptor proteins for la,25(OH)2D3 exist in chick parathyroid glands. MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials. Animals used in experiments were White Leghorn cockerels (kindly donated by Demler Farms, Anaheim, Calif.) that were raised for 6 weeks on a vitamin-D-deficient diet (20). 25-Hydroxy[26(27)-methyl-3H]vitamin D3 (6.5 Ci/ mmol) was obtained from Amersham-Searle. Preparation of la,25-Dihydroxy[3Hjvitamin D3, In Vitro. la,25-Dihydroxy[26(g7)-methyl-3H]vitamin D3 was prepared as previously described (19). Radiochemical purity of generated la,25-dihydroxy[3H]vitamin D3 was 98%. 25Hydroxy[26(27)-methyl-3H]vitamin D3 substrate for the reaction was purified by Celite liquid-liquid partition chromatography (21). The radiochemical purity of the 25-hydroxy[3H]vitamin D3 was 95%, and its specific activity was determined by ultraviolet absorbance spectrophotometry at 265 nm. Exposure of Chick Tissue Subfractions to Radioactive Sterols, In Vitro. Homogenates [300 mg wet weight (20 parathyroid glands)/3 ml] were made in 0.25 M sucrose, 0.05 M Tris-HCI, pH 7.4, 0.025 M KCI, and 5 mM MgC12 (0.25 M sucrose-buffer A) with a Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer equipped with a Teflon pestle at 00 by six passes, with 2 min cooling periods between passes. Homogenates were centrifuged at 1200 X g for 10 min. Nuclear pellets were removed, and the resulting supernatant was centrifuged at 100,000 X g for 1 hr at 0° to yield a final supernatant fraction (cytosol). The cytosol (0.2-1.0 ml) was incubated with sterol (in 20,l ethanol) for 1 hr at 00 and then analyzed for sterol binding components. Purified nuclear extracts (chromatin) were prepared from nuclear pellets by a modification (7) of the method of Haussler et al. (1) and were resuspended in 0.01 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, and centrifuged for 20. min at 48,000 X g. The pellet from 300 mg of tissue was reconstituted with cytosol (2.5 ml) Abbreviations: 25-(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; la-(OH)D3, la-hydroxyvitamin D3; la,25-(OH)2D3, la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; PTH, parathyroid hormone.


Among historical reenactors, costumed hobbyists staging elaborate battles and episodes from the American Civil War, 'experience' is king. This paper deals with the relentless quest among reenactors for the ultimate vicarious experience – that is, the coming as close as possible to 'what it must have been like' for real flesh-and-blood Civil War soldiers – and with the ways in which this striving is connected to and dependent upon material objects or ensembles of objects. The presentation, based on ethnographic fieldwork in and around the iconic field of Gettysburg, in Pennsylvania, in 2010 and 2013, explores reenactors' social and material aspirations as part of what historiographer Ewa Domanska has called a 'material hermeneutics'. Their privileging of experience and embodiment is discussed in relation to another, different modality of accessing the past in Gettysburg, epitomised by the federal US National Park Service and its so-called 'battlefield rehabilitation' program revolving around a visual 'cleansing' of the landscape. In the last part of the paper, I discuss the complex political and ethical aspects inherent in the restaging of specific historical perspectives and narratives, and the claims to authenticity and authority inherent in them. The 'power of things' is also a power connected to the material manifestation of certain claims and thus potentially barring what Ulrich Beck has called 'the truth of others'. What emerges, then, is a cautious call for a reflexive and explorative engagement with reenactment and related performative practices, which acknowledges their considerable power but also insists on the possibilities of alternative perspectives and pasts.


The new approach of sustainability assessment of buildings requires the quantification of impacts and aspects for the environmental, social and economic performance of buildings using quantitative and qualitative indicators. These indicators are included in building environmental assessment systems and tools used in different countries for evaluating the integrated building performance. The building environmental assessment system (BEAS) has been developed in Slovakia as well through the last years. BEAS as a multicriteria system includes environmental, social and cultural aspects which are incorporated in proposed main fields: site selection and project planning; building construction; indoor environment; energy performance; water management and waste management. The aim of paper is the identification and determination of weights of fields in BEAS. Eleven experts participated in the study. Consequently the order and weights of significance of main assessment fields was determined.


During the last years, the mobility of people with upper limb disabilities and constrained on power wheelchairs is empowered by robotic arms. Nowadays, even though modern manipulators offer a high number of functionalities, some users cannot exploit all those potentialities due to their reduced manual skills, even if capable of driving the wheelchair by means of proper Human–Machine Interface (HMI). Owing to that, this work proposes a low-cost manipulator realizing only simple tasks and controllable by three different graphical HMI. The latter are empowered using a You Only Look Once (YOLO) v2 Convolutional Neural Network that analyzes the video stream generated by a camera placed on the robotic arm end-effector and recognizes the objects with which the user can interact. Such objects are shown to the user in the HMI surrounded by a bounding box. When the user selects one of the recognized objects, the target position information is exploited by an automatic close-feedback algorithm which leads the manipulator to automatically perform the desired task. A test procedure showed that the accuracy in reaching the desired target is 78%. The produced HMIs were appreciated by different user categories, obtaining a mean score of 8.13/10.


This article aims to conduct an initial discussion about the notion of "Scholl" in the Historiography studies. Besides this discussion, the concept of "paradigm" is also analyzed, including the possibilities of interaction of this concept with the notion of "historiography school". After this initial part, they are developed some considerations around to movements that can be called schools in the Historiography: the German Historic School of the nineteenth century, and the "Annales School", in French of twenty century. The cases examined are interesting precisely to approach some problems related to the concept of "historiography school".


In response to an editorial suggestion, I would like to bring to the attention of readers of the JAS a recent development in an academic debate, which, although carried on in terms that make it appear peripheral to their interests, is actually both highly germane and likely to be misinterpreted. The debate raises questions concerning the improper use of academic authority and the nature of intellectual orthodoxy that are immediately relevant to work in any Asian field, and particularly to work done by a Western scholar. Edward Said's Orientalism (New York: Pantheon, 1978) is a bombshell that never exploded. Despite reviews (e.g., JAOS 100, no. 3 {July-Oct. 1980]: 328-31, by Peter Gran) proclaiming its importance and this journal's own attempt to look at the serious issues raised by Said in the broader Asian context for which his work cried out (JAS 39, no. 3[May 1980]: 481-517), a parochial Anglo-American bewilderment with the intellectual terms of his inquiry, combined with a smug reluctance to perceive any need for self-critical scrutiny, led far too many Asianists to abandon Said on the shelf, unread. The many AAS members who know Said's work only by hearsay, or through exposure to his work on contemporary Middle Eastern politics, The Question of Palestine (New York: Times Books, 1979) and Covering Islam (New York: Pantheon, 1981), are particularly likely to be misled by a new series of attacks on him in the New York Review of Books, pursued with relative courtesy by Clifford Geertz ("Conjuring with Islam," NYRB, May 27, 1982, p. 28) and with bitter hostility by Bernard Lewis ("The Question of Orientalism," NYRB, June 24, 1982, pp. 49-56). At a vastly greater length than can be accommodated here, I have documented the astonishing degree to which Lewis attributes meretricious arguments of his own devising to Said, deliberately wrenches Said's words out of context, overlooks the explicit content of Orientalism when it fails to suit his purposes, and repeatedly demonstrates his own inability to comprehend Said's purpose in writing. Lewis's assault, despite its claim to magisterial objectivity, is a venomous outburst stimulated by Said's own ferocious criticism of Lewis in the past (e.g., "Arabs, Islam and the Dogmas of the West," New York Times Book Review, Oct. 31, 1976, pp. 4-5).


Fiber‐optic tracheal intubation is an essential technique to secure the airway for difficult airway and cervical cord injury victims. However, there is an anxiety about the vocal cord passage of tracheal tubes because of the potential of collision with the surroundings of the vocal cords. This study aimed to examine the utility of the Aintree Intubation Catheter in nasotracheal and orotracheal intubation.


Aim To investigate the expression discipline of Survivin after perifocal areas of cerebra after ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) in rats,and to identify the effect of ifenprodil on Survivin after I/R. Methods Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group and ifenprodil group.The right middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion(MCAO/R) model was established by thread ligation.After operation in sham group,2 hours ischemia of middle cerebral artery was followed with 3 hours,24 hours,72 hours and 7days reperfusion in model group and ifenprodil group.Rats were sacrificed and Survivin in hippocampus of ischemia side was detected by immunofluorescence. Results Fluorescence intensity of the sham group was very weak,showing the basal expression;while fluorescence intensity of model group and ifenprodil group had almost the same trend,which expression rose 3 hours after I/R,increased continuously and reached the peak at 72 hours,and then decreased afterward,and there were significant differences compared with the sham group(P0.05).Fluorescence intensity of ifenprodil group were stronger than the model group at the same time point(P0.05). Conclusion Expression of Survivin increased after MCAO/R,reaching the maximum at 72 hours.Ifenprodil had a protective effect on the damage of I/R.


CONTROL OF INTERNAL SOIL STABILITY IS CHIEFLY A MATTER OF MOISTURE CONTROL. WHERE THE DESIRED DRAINAGE IS TO BE INSTALLED AT A CONSIDERABLE DEPTH BELOW THE TOP OF AN EMBANKMENT OR WHERE DISTURBANCE OF A DEVELOPED SURFACE IS NOT DESIRABLE, THE ECONOMY OF INTRODUCING DRAIN PIPES BY STATIC OR DYNAMIC JACKING SHOULD BE CONSIDERED. JACKING OF PIPES UNDER RAILROAD TRACKS AND UNDER HEAVY TRAFFIC HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS HAS BECOME STANDARD PRACTICE. THE PROCEDURES HAVE DEVELOPED AS AN ART WITH LITTLE OR NO ATTEMPT TO COMPUTE EXPECTED LOADS OR REQUIRED INSTALLATION FORCES. THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES THE PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INSTALLATION METHODS AND EVALUATES EMPIRICAL AND THEORETICAL RESISTANCES WHICH MAY BE USED AS A GUIDE TO THE DESIGN OF JACKED-IN-PLACE DRAINAGE AND OTHER PIPE. /AUTHOR/


Grasslands and forests of Washington.-A recent study by WEAVERI2 of the vegetation of adjacent portions of Washington and Idaho affords an excellent example of modern ecological investigation. After a sketch of the physiography and geology of the region, the results of quantitative studies of the principal physical factors involved are reported. Temperature, rainfall, evaporation, and soil moisture data are given, the last two receiving most emphasis, as they express the important aspects of the water relationship of a vegetation in which the available moisture is undoubtedly the limiting factor. A preliminary report of the evaporation studies was previously made and reviewed in this journal,13 and the present more complete report only tends to confirm the conclusion that the differences of the rates of evaporation in the various plant communities are sufficient to be important factors in causing succession. The studies of soil moisture also show that this important factor varies in amount directly with the order of the occurrence of the various communities in the order of succession. Incidentally it may be noted that the soil of the Tiuja association has a very high water holding capacity, showing during the months of July and August a supply of " growth water " of over 40 per cent, thus providing for the development of the very complete mesophytism seen in this climax conifer forest. The western conifer forests here show a succession from shrub of xerophytic character through Pinus-Pseudotsuga, Larix-Abies associations to the luxuriant conifer forest composed almost exclusively of Thuja plicata. The secondary species of this forest are carefully considered, as well as the reforestation of cutover areas and burns. The scrub formation dominated by Artemisia tridentata and the hydrarch succession from ponds and streams are described, but perhaps aside from the forest the most important and interesting community is the grassland termed "prairie-plains formation" and dominated by Agropyron spicatum and Festuca ovina. It presents seasonal aspects varying from rich grassy verdure during the comparatively moist spring and early summer, to the sere brown of the arid late summer. The soil moisture determinations show the gradual depletion of growth water from the surface stratum, where it exists in June to the depth of 5 ft., by the middle of August. The response to this distribution of moisture is seen in the luxuriant spring growth and early flowering of the comparatively shallow rooted grasses which dominate the community, and the entire absence of late blooming grasses. It is also apparent in the development of extensive root systems in such conspicuous herbaceous plants as Balsamorhiza sagittata, Hieracium Scouleri, and Lupinus ornatus. This extensive root development has been carefully studied by the same investigatory


Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the correlation between baseline S-100B protein levels and prognosis and the value of S-100B protein as a marker to determine the severity of head trauma in childhood. Material and Methots: The study included 75 patients aged 0-18 years presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Unit of Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine between November 2005 and August 2006 and 15 age-matched healthy controls. Patients were categorized as mild, moderate and severe head trauma according to their GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) scores. Baseline blood samples were tested for S-100B protein levels within the first six hours. S-100B protein levels and the results of Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) were compared. Results: S-100B protein levels were increased in patients with moderate and severe head trauma. There was a significant correlation between ISS, RTS and PTS scores and S-100B protein levels (r was 0.769, -0.821, -0.833 for ISS, PTS and RTS, respectively and p<0.001 for each). Considering the cut-off value of S-100B 0.44 μgr/L, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 90%, 72.5%, 85.3% and 85.3%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between S-100B levels and GOS values at 3 months. S-100B levels of patients with a GOS score ≤3 were higher than patients with a score >3 (p<0,001). Conclusion: S-100B protein level has a strong predictive value to determine the severity of brain damage in head trauma patients. Thus, S-100B protein supplies important information about the severity of primary brain damage following head trauma.


In this paper, a new fuzzy model based algorithm for 3-D bone tumour segmentation in MR series is introduced. The presented segmentation procedure is based on a modified fuzzy connectedness method. The there required fuzzy affinity values are estimated using a fuzzy inference system, whose fuzzy membership functions are structured on the basis of gaussian mixture model of analyzed image regions. The 3-D fuzzy tumour model is generated using different MR modalities acquired during a single examination. The segmentation abilities of prototype system have been tested on a MR database consisting of 27 examinations composed of two different sequences each.


Thank you very much for downloading photometric methods of analysis. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this photometric methods of analysis, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer. photometric methods of analysis is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the photometric methods of analysis is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The fate of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in ground water is highly affected by the distribution and property of the carbonaceous materials (CMs) in subsurface sediments. CMs in soils consist of organic matters (e.g., cellulose, fulvic acid, humic acid, humin, etc.) and black carbon such as char, soot, etc. The distribution and property of CMs are governed by source materials and geological evolution (e.g., diagenesis, catagenesis, etc.) of them. In this study, the distribution and property of CMs in subsurface sediments near the Imjin river in the Republic of Korea and HOC sorption property to the subsurface sediments were investigated. The organic carbon contents of sand and clay/silt layers were about 0.35% and 1.37%, respectively. The carbon contents of condensed form of CMs were about 0.13% and 0.45%, respectively. The existence of black carbon was observed using scanning electron microscopes with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The specific surface areas (SSA) of CMs in heavy fraction(HFrCM) measured with N2 were . However, SSAs of those HFrCM mineral fraction was only . The results of thermogravimetric analysis show that the mass loss of HFrCM was significant at and due to the degradation of soft form and condensed form of CMs, respectively. The trichloroethylene (TCE) sorption capacities of sand and clay/silt layers were similar to each other, and these values were also similar to oxidzed layer of glacially deposited subsurface sediments of the Chanute Air Force Base (AFB) in Rantoul, Illinois. However, these were 7-8 times lower than TCE sorption capacity of reduced layer of the Chanute AFB sediments. For accurate prediction of the fate of hydrophobic organic contaminants in subsurface sediments, continuous studies on the development of characterization methods for CMs are required.


Traditional reading of Pamela overemphasizes the active role of the titular heroine who has insisted on her own virtues and moved Mr. B and, finally, is accepted as his wife, which echoes the subtitle- Virtues Rewarded. However, that interpretation pays little attention to Mr. B. In the light of Michel Foucault's concept of "discipline and punish", this paper argues that Mr.B's constant seduction, in fact, is a patriarchal examination of grading and disciplining so that Pamela can be tempered into a docile "angel in the house" in accordance with patriarchal expectations.


Blockchain is a deliberately spreading set of data called as Blocks, which are associated and assured by the use of Cryptography. Each Block of this Blockchain consists of cryptographic hash of the preceding block, a timestamp and transaction information. Modification of Data by fraudsters is highly challenging in Blockchain by its design. It is an accessible shared register that can store activities between two internet users securely. Such a technology is an easy way for one person using internet to send fragment of digital property to other person who is also using internet, such that transfer of data or communication will be very secure and none of the sensitive details would be leaked. With the usage of Blockchain technology, several people can write the data into the Record and also sector of users can manage how the Record should be added with new entries. This technology is now being employed in a variety of applications like digital currency, supply chain management, medical information systems etc. In this paper, we have studied the technology behind Blockchain and the application of the same in several use cases. We have also implemented fund raise use case using Laravel PHP Framework to illustrate the steps of using Blockchain to assure secure transactions


An attendance model is specified for the Canadian Hockey League (CHL), the top level of junior hockey in Canada with some teams located in the United States. The natural log of attendance is used as the dependent variable, with explanatory variables consisting of the timing of the game, team performance characteristics, uncertainty of outcome measures, and weather-related variables. Weekends and Mondays were the most popular days for games. Winning and fighting were shown to be popular team characteristics that drive attendance. Uncertainty of outcome plays little role, if any, in fan interest at this level, while precipitation significantly reduces attendance.


Background:
 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of ischemic stroke; however, it is often difficult to detect. It is unclear whether specific infarct topography on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with underlying AF. We aimed to objectively assess the infarct patterns on MRI in patients with acute ischemic stroke and determine imaging characteristics that are associated with AF.

 Methods:
 We conducted a subgroup analysis on patients randomized in Post-Embolic Rhythm Detection with Implantable vs External Monitoring trial (PER DIEM; NCT02428140) who had brain MRI. Two raters blinded to clinical details reviewed the MRI findings. Patients were divided to two groups (AF and non-AF) and descriptive statistics were used to characterize findings. Variables associated with new AF were analyzed using logistic regression and reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and
 p
 -values.

 Results:
 Of the 300 patients who were randomized in the trial, 249 (83%) patients (59.4% male) with a mean age of 64.3 ± 13.1 years had MRI brain and were included in the analysis. Median (IQR) NIHSS was 0 (0 - 1), number of lesions was 2 (1 - 3), and diameter of lesion (mm) was 10.4 (5.8 - 21.1) mm. In this cohort of patients, imaging characteristics were not significantly associated with the detection of AF.

 Conclusions:
 Association between infarct topography and AF detection was not found in this study. Imaging characteristics cannot be relied upon to predict or exclude an underlying AF. Large prospective studies are suggested to examine the link between infarct topography and underlying AF.


From the Publisher:
In 1976, Jeff McKeever and Alan Hald predicted microcomputers would change the way people lived and worked. With money scraped together from credit cards and second mortgages, they opened a small computer retail store in Tempe, Arizona.
Today, MicroAge is a multibillion-dollar global corporation. Written by bestselling author Jeffrey L. Rodengen. The MicroAge Way. 128 pages, is illustrated throughout with color images. and features a foreword by Stan Davis, the renowned author of 2020 Vision.


A renewable energy power system design for electric boats is proposed. The design uses wind energy as the only power source in order to operate the AC motor. The design consists of wind turbines, synchronous condenser, asynchronous generator, 72-pulse AC to DC rectifier that contains twelve transformers and twelve diode bridges (each bridge contains six diodes) for enhancing the output DC voltage, DC voltage regulator, boost converter, DC to AC inverter, and three-phase electric motor. The proposed design is simulated using Simulink to show the performance.


Full compensation arc suppression coil can solve the problem of residual current compensation effectively,and the modeling and control are the main factors which determine its compensation performances.Based on the analysis on the single phase earth fault system for double harmonic sources,the influences of harmonic source types and fault point position on harmonic voltage and current were analyzed theoretically,and two reasons of detecting zero sequence voltage were described.A novel passivity-based control method based on dynamic phasor models was proposed.The objective of detecting zero sequence voltage can be achieved by removaling of the dynamic phasor model of compensation current as a variable after dynamic phasor modeling for the inverters.The energy function was derived from the error equations of system according to the lyapunov stability.Finally,the control law can be obtained by selecting dissipation coefficients.This method mentioned above can detect and analysis zero sequence voltage.The models are accurate enough,and can ensure response speed and compensation precision.The simulation and experimental results verify the availability.


The seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in Korea was found to be decreased. However eradication rate of 1 line therapy has become lower and antimicrobial resistance has increased, recently. Therefore we must also be prepared to face treatment failure and in designing a treatment strategy we should not focus on the results of 1st line therapy alone, but also on the rescue therapy. Some studies have demonstrated that levofloxacine-based triple regimen shows favourable results in 2 or 3 line therapy. However, it has shown that resistance to quinolones is easily acquired, and in Korea with a high consumption of these drugs, the resistance rate is increasing and is already relatively high. Therefore it should be reserved for final rescue treatment. Another potential regimen for final rescue therapy is rifabutin-based regimen which is known to be effective for H. pylori strains resistant to clarithromycin or metronidazole. Several concerns still remain, however, regarding rifabutin treatment. Firstly it is very expensive. Secondly myelotoxicity such as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia have been reported in some patients treated with rifabutin. Finally because of multiresistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis increasing in numbers, indications for these drugs should be chosen very carefully to avoid further acceleration of development of resistance. Therefore refabutin should be considered only as the last option. It is difficult to choose proper treatment in Korea after failure of 2 line treatment, because only a few study about 3 line rescue therapy have been reported. Therefore we need more well designed randomized controlled studies. (The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research 2011;11:21-25)


Based on the existing design specifications and acceptance specifications in China,some problems needed to be noticed in the electric design of high storey residential building and the coordination of field construction were expounded.The item should be noticed in many aspects,such as the setup of elecric well,selection of power line,comparison of various laying modes,configuration requirements of equipotential bonding,were presented emphatically.It was pointed out that the electric design specifications in high storey residential building should be geared to international standards.


concept behind the performance (human encounter with sublime experience), and the more specific storyline, relating to the operation of the moon's gravitational force on the ocean tides, and the terrifying tsunamis that may be produced as a result. Conceptually, both the storyline and the scripted/un-scripted projected images, derived not only from Burke's philosophical ideas about the "sublime", but also from Crowther's idea of the "postmodern sublime", concerning the awe and terror evoked by the contemporary, incomprehensible and invisible power of digital technology. While contemporary dance does not necessarily have to involve a clear narrative, as has been seen in Cunningham's Biped (chapter 1), I decided it was necessary for my performance. My background is in visual/digital/interactive arts, set design and film production, not in choreography, and therefore I felt I needed a narrative structure with visual reminders to help the dancers to improvise, and to provide them with an idea of how I think conceptually and artistically. So, partly similar to the way that Forsythe asked his dancers to move with ropes and sense their bodies during the development of the


Metal semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) and pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (pHEMTs) are used in high frequency microwave applications in monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). Ground via holes with low inductance to the source electrode of these devices is necessary for high frequency applications and also increasing the packing density of MMICs. Dry etching of via holes to the depth of 200 mum in GaAs using photoresist mask is particularly challenging due to its poor selectivity with masking material and the constraints of top and bottom dimensions with smooth sidewall profiles. The desired sidewall profile promotes easy coverage of the plated metallisation subsequently. Via holes of 200 mum depth with the desired profile and good uniformity over 3" GaAs wafers have been realized with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching using chlorine chemistry. The near vertical sidewall profile has been achieved by tailoring the photoresist mask profile, photoresist hardening process and the GaAs etching parameters. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the via profiles.


Fundamental numerical study on controlling chromaticity with the simplest diffractive structure is carried out. Observed various characteristics on transmission/reflection and dielectric/metal will be useful guidelines for practical optimisation of device structures.


SUMMARY This paper represents the Belgian viewpoint on the education curriculum of engineering graduates at university level. Starting with the Belgian situation, existing programme contents are discussed and compared with the aims as put forward by FEANI. Taking into account future technical developments and FEANI's aims, some ideas for change are put forward.


The present invention discloses an intra mould label-stuck formed container. It includes a container, said container has a self-body, its opening portion nearby self-body is made into a circular portion into which the some material can be easily filled, the self-body nearby bottom portion can be made into geometric portion, the described geometric portion can be square shape or triangular shape or polygonal shapes of pentagonal shape or hexagonal shape or spiral shape or other irregular shape. After the self-body and coiled label are integrally formed, said container can have special mouldingand can produce stereoscopic visual appearance.


Natalie Bates worked in the travel industry for six years. Now, she is sharing her journey from trainee to qualified dental nurse on Instagram. Here, she reveals why she changed her career destination


This article proposes a family of spatial three translational and one rotational parallel mechanisms (PMs) for pick-and-place operation. Their features are one independent rotation of the mechanism with four identical limbs, which are provided by the four revolute joints on the moving platform. The rotational capability of the PMs has a range of at least 180°. This article focuses on the synthesis of the PMs and kinematics analysis of the 4-P(2-SS)R parallel mechanism. First, based on the Lie group theory, three parallelograms are used in designing the PMs. The limbs are listed and two types of three translational and one rotational PMs are synthesized. Then, a typical 4-P(2-SS)R PM is selected, the 6 × 6 Jacobian matrix and the 6 × 6 × 6 Hessian matrix of the mechanism are derived for solving the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the mechanism. Finally, singularity configurations are disclosed from the 6 × 6 Jacobian matrix, and the workspace of the mechanism is provided to illustrate the high rotational capability.


Design pattern describes a repeatedly presenting issue during software designing, as well the solution to it. Applying design pattern enables developers to reuse it to solve a specified designing issue. Design patterns help designers communicate architectural knowledge, help people learn a new design paradigm, and help new developers avoid traps and pitfalls that have traditionally been learned only by costly experiences. In this paper, we briefly introduce the concept of software design pattern and give a research on some design patterns, including Observer Pattern, Decorator Pattern, Factory Method Pattern and Abstract Factory Pattern.


Working as a team for the Center for Business and Economic Research at the University of Southern Maine, Bruce, James, Lindsey, Brooks and Joseph created a forecasting system for a large retail chain. Their base model uses the ARIMA methodology of Box and Jenkins, but the team has extended ARIMA to deal with the significant challenges of forecasting weekly sales at store and departmental levels. This article offers a case study in the modeling of weekly retail sales and a comprehensive overview of the forecasting hurdles that retailers must address. The modeling innovations noted here should provide retail forecasters with many good leads to pursue. Copyright International Institute of Forecasters, 2008


The article by Sasai and colleagues in this issue ("Microsurgical bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach for lumbar spinal canal stenosis including degenerative spondylolisthesis") examines the use of a minimally invasive unilateral approach to address lumbar spinal canal stenosis in patients presenting with symptoms related primarily to neurogenic claudication. The authors noted good relief of symptoms and a high degree of satisfaction in patients with degenerative stenosis as well as in those with spondylolisthesis. Symptomatic lumbar stenosis recalcitrant to nonoperative treatment often responds satisfactorily following an adequate decompression. It is encouraging that the authors of this study have shown similar results using a minimally invasive approach. In carefully selected patients with lumbar stenosis a limited bilateral medial facetectomy often provides adequate symptomatic relief without resultant instability. Well-designed prospective studies have shown that in the setting of a degenerative spondylolisthesis, outcomes following decompression are better with an adjunctive posterolateral fusion.1–3 The authors of this paper present a retrospective series of patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis who had a statistically significant increase in the degree of listhesis at follow-up, but without any apparent deleterious effect on outcomes. The reported increased slip progression in patients with spondylolisthesis could be considered a negative outcome, as the literature to date suggests that slip progression is associated with worsening back pain and possible symptomatic foraminal stenosis.4 It is not possible from this study to infer why these patients did not have a worse functional outcome compared with their counterparts (those with stenosis without slip progression). Certainly there is a concern that outcomes may worsen over a longer followup period in those patients with slip progression. Palmer and associates5 examined a small cohort of 8 patients who underwent a similar minimally invasive procedure in the setting of spondylolisthesis and found no slip progression at the 3-month follow-up. Proponents of minimally invasive decompression hypothesize that by lessening the disruption of the posterior musculoligamentous complex and facet joints, greater stability is preserved compared with an open traditional decompressive procedure. This may be the case, but as evidenced by the results of the study by Sasai and colleagues, slip progression may be inevitable regardless of the degree of bony ligamentous decompression. It is encouraging that the authors noted positive outcomes at longer-term follow-up after a minimally invasive decompression. Any effort to minimize the established morbidity of a traditional, posterior midline open decompressive approach deserves careful consideration. However, prospective studies with appropriately selected control groups are necessary to establish the long-term efficacy of such procedures. Consideration of the morbidity related to the learning curve, duration of surgery, and expense must all be taken into account. A prospective study comparing microsurgical decompression to an open approach in the presence or absence of a listhesis is needed. In the setting of a listhesis 3 different surgical cohorts should be examined: microsurgical decompression, an open decompression preserving the medial facet joints as best as possible, and an adjunctive fusion procedure. Only with such a prospective study can we adequately determine if a minimally invasive decompressive procedure alone adequately improves outcomes while preventing instability in this spinal disorder. In the absence of such data, the finding of documented slip progression (which to date has been shown to portend worse outcomes) suggests cause for concern in utilizing this procedure in the setting of a degenerative spondylolisthesis.


Objective
To analyze the relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and treatment effect of HCC.

Methods
Clinical data of 840 cases with HCC in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2001 to June 2006 were collected and analyzed retrospectively, which included liver cirrhosis complication, tumor size and number, liver function, clinical staging, HBV infection and other relevant information. Local ethical committee approval had been received and that the informed concent of all participating subjects was obtained. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to different treatment: 191 cases with surgical resection, 107 cases with liver transplantation, 349 cases with ablation and (or) intervention treatment (comprehensive treatment), and 193 cases with conservative treatment. The effects of the four treatment groups were analyzed.

Results
Among all patients, 675 cases had liver cirrhosis, which accounted for 80.4%. Two hundred and ten cases were diagnosed as small HCC, which accounted for 25%. Five hundred and fifty cases developed a single tumor, which accounted for 65.5%. For the Child-Pugh grade, 429 cases (51.1%) were grade A, 287 cases (34.2%) were grade B, and 124 cases(14.8%) were grade C. According to Barcelona clinical liver cancer (BCLC) staging, 725 cases (86.3%) were in B~D stage(middle-late stage). Seventy hundred and ninety cases(94.6%) were hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) positive. Among 606 cases of HCC patients receiving the hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA) quantitative test, 488 cases were positive, which accounted for 80.5%. Serum HBV-DNA concentration of HCC patients with liver cirrhosis was significantly higher than that of HCC patients without liver cirrhosis (t=2.32, P<0.05). The 1, 2 and 5 year survival rates in surgical resection group were 85%(163/191), 75%(144/191)and 31%(60/191) respectively, 72%(77/107), 62%(67/107), 31%(33/107) in liver transplantation group,71%(248/349), 50%(176/349), 10%(34/349) in comprehensive treatment group, and 8%(16/193), 3%(7/193) and 0 in conservative treatment group.

Conclusions
HBV infection is the main cause of HCC, and most of the patients combine with liver cirrhosis. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for HCC. The prognosis in patients with liver transplantation is also good. The comprehensive treatment is a good choice for those patients who are unsuitable for liver resection or liver transplantation. The effect of conservative treatment is poor.

Key words:
Hepatocellular carcinoma; Hepatitis B virus; Liver cirrhosis; Radical liver resection; Liver transplantation; Comprehensive treatment; Survival analysis


A 36-year-old woman presented to the maternity unit two days post caesarean section (CS) with abdominal distension, pain and constipation. She was found to be septic on admission. Imaging demonstrated dilated bowel loops without an identifiable site of obstruction highlightingOgilvie's syndrome (OS) as the cause of her symptoms. Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) was identified as thesource of infection with accompanying right sided lower lobe collapse. She was reviewed by multiple specialties to aid management and was subsequently managedconservatively for pseudo-obstruction. She made a good recovery and was able to return home after 10 days in hospital


Clinical and animal studies have shown that free radical overload is an important cause for a variety of diseases. Although ginseng has been recognized as antioxidant, how it modulates anti-oxidative process at the molecular level remains unknown. Free radical production is induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) under the stress condition, and TNF-α release is activated by TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE). Since TACE inhibitor is also well known for antiinflammatory agent, ginseng seems to show anti-oxidative activity by repressing TACE pathway. Further studies on signal transduction would be warranted to elucidate molecular action mechanisms of ginseng on anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation.


Optical switching performance of vanadium dioxide produced by thermal oxidation of vanadium is presented in this paper. A 100nm thick vanadium was oxidized under controlled conditions in a quartz tube furnace to produce approximately 200nm thick VO2. The substrate was appropriately coated on the front and back side to reduce reflection in the cold state, and an integrated thin film heater was fabricated to allow in-situ thermal cycling. Electrical measurements show a greater than three orders of magnitude change in resistivity during the phase transition. Optical measurements exhibit 70% transparency at 1500nm and about 15dB extinction across a wide spectral band between 1000nm and 3000nm. These results are used to show a huge optical bistability effect in VO2-based devices.


The ignition of hydrogen/air mixtures through pre or partial discharges at high-frequency alternating voltage is still not sufficiently understood. In this contribution, the ignition process is examined with respect to voltage amplitude, gap distance, and number of cycles. It is shown that the energy of several discharges can accumulate, leading to a temperature rise which may cause ignition. It can be concluded that the requirement "transient overvoltages need not be taken into account" is not tenable for all voltage levels. Therefore, the requirements concerning the dimensioning of creepage distances and clearances within the "increased safety" type of protection "e" has to be adjusted with respect to IEC 60079-7.


In an insurance world preoccupied with Solvency II, internal models have increased in both complexity and business significance. Nonetheless, actuaries are painfully aware of models' limitations in representing the economic world, not least because of their reliance on often arbitrary assumptions. It is commonplace to say "all models are wrong but some are useful". But in what sense might an internal model be wrong? If a model is wrong, how can it be useful? Significantly, what incentives does regulation produce for model development and use?


It is well known that in general, feedback cannot increase the capacity of a discrete memoryless channel. However, it can help simplify the complexity of encoding and decoding. Schalkwijk and Kailath (1966) developed a class of block codes for Gaussian channels with ideal feedback. They showed that the probability of decoding error decreases as a second-order exponent in block length for rates below capacity. This paper proposes a coding scheme with ideal feedback and is applied to punctured convolutional codes and punctured Turbo codes. Our results seem to indicate that feedback largely equalizes the performance of classic (convolutional) codes and modern (turbo, LDPC) codes.


In this paper,reliability design and optimum technique are used to analyze and study the interference articulation,two problems are resolved in a better way:(1) to reach the maximal working reliability in a set condition;(2) according to the predetermined reliability to design interference articulation.These studied results will be of great value to engineering in simplifying the design calculation of interference articulation and improving the working reliability of interference articulation.


The paper has introduced the concept of a parking search strategy as an approach to understanding the way that car drivers find parking spaces. On the basis of a small number of in-depth interviews, seven different search strategies were identified. The shares of each of the seven strategies for normal workday in a German regional center were established with a second large on-street survey. The transferability of these findings to the British context was also explored. The implications of these theoretical and empirical results for the design and evaluation of parking guidance systems were discussed. The discussion showed that a more cautious judgements of the potential benefit of such systems is necessary for normal workday conditions.


Abstract A column containing N-methylpyridinium polymer was used in the chromatographic investigation of complex of human serum albumin and sodium aurothiomalate. The serum albumin-sodium aurothiomalate complex was separated from the components of serum albumin. The peak height of the complex increased with increasing the incubation time of albumin and sodium aurothiomalate, with a concomitant decrease of mercaptalbumin peak height. The nature of the mercaptalbumin participation in this complex formation was elucidated. The formation of the complex was observed in vitro, but not in the serum of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving sodium aurothiomalate therapy.


We have every confidence in the clinical safety of our services. There is no evidence in the trust's adverse clinical event reporting system to support allegations made in the article by Gornall about poor clinical practices allegedly witnessed by Peter Bousfield.1 Mr Bousfield would have had a duty to report through this system in the course of his practice, …


A process for making carrageenan (s) gelling agent (s), in which all the incoming seaweed is subjected to i) a heterogenous reaction in an aqueous alkaline medium having a alkali concentration and a temperature which allows change in the extension the desired precursor or carrageenan gelling the gelling or carrageenans; ii) a recovery process comprising one or more lye recovery sections for the recovery of used aqueous alkaline medium in i), in each of which the seaweed is contacted with a lye recovery solution; iii) optionally a washing process comprising one or more washing sections to wash out excess alkali; iv) optionally drying and grinding the semirefined carrageenan (CSR) obtained; v) optionally further extraction, purification and isolation to obtain refined carrageenan (RC) characterized in that used aqueous alkaline medium obtained after processing the incoming seaweed in i) is reused in i) when the seaweed is processed entering subsequently, and that for each section in ii) at least part of the solution used lye recovery obtained in one section is reused in the preceding section when the seaweed which subsequently enters to compensate for the deficiency of the alkaline medium is processed created in step i), and wherein the remainder of said solution used lye recovery obtained in this section is reused in the same section when the seaweed subsequently incoming processed, thus forming an upstream movement of the medium aqueous alkaline used in the procedure and thus allowing the recovery of said aqueous alkaline medium, and in which are provided op tionally means for providing the deficiency of the alkaline medium in step i), such as evaporation means.


This thesis argues that the associative peacebuilding theory proposed by Michael Pugh is best suited for reconstruction projects because it calls for all interested parties to aid in the effort. The success of the UNDP Vietnam program is the proof of the viability of the peacebuilding approach. Document Type Thesis Degree Name M.S. in International Studies Department International Studies This thesis is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/intlstudies_masters/35


This article uses data from the 1996 population census of Lesotho and the Ministry of Education's annual reports compiled during the period 1990–9 to investigate the trend of the gap between male and female enrolment in schools and higher learning institutions. The study examines various education indicators, school enrolment and dropout rates. There is no doubt that the gender gap still exists in Lesotho in favour of females. Both the cohort analysis and the analysis of dropout rates have shown that there is gender imbalance in schooling. In addition, the analysis has shown that the gender gap has recently started to narrow in primary, secondary and high schools but is widening at tertiary level. The article recommends that the government of Lesotho should look closely at the issue of the disadvantaged 'boy child' if it intends to eliminate gender disparities in schools.


In emergency scenarios, tracking first responders is essential. While in open areas the quality of the Global Positioning System (GPS) service is typically acceptable, in partially obstructed environments, such as urban canyons, or indoor, it could be either unavailable or hindered by very coarse and unacceptable estimates. Moreover, most of the proposals for overcoming these limitations could be unsuitable in emergency scenarios. We propose a localization and tracking system based on the combined usage of WiFi and GPS. Essentially, when the GPS coverage is scarce, our localization solution allows augmenting it by using the WiFi access points as virtual satellites. When GPS coverage is not available at all, we use WiFi trilateration based on received signal strength, even maintaining the same coordinate system used in the GPS. The tracking protocol makes use of session initiation protocol messaging over a WiFi network. The proposed system is characterized by ease of deployment and usage, since it does not require any particular configuration. In order to assess its feasibility, we implemented a proof-of-concept prototype made up of low-cost commercial off-the-shelf components and open-source software. The performance tests carried out by using this prototype confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system.


An alum-derived Al2O3 powder and aluminum hydroxide one were calcined at 1280°C for 2 h in flowing 02. Both the resultant powders had similar primary particles in size ( ?? 0.2 μm). The latter had smaller aggregates (<3μm) than the former (<5 μm), but was nonsinterable. This nonsinterable behavior was explained from the hard aggregates and from the appreciable contribution of the surface diffusion of atoms toward the sintering of this powder. The porous aggregates of the alum-derived Al2O3 powder, having randomly arranged primary particles, that is, very dispersed pore sizes were easily disintegrated not only by ball-milling but also by pressing at 200 MPa, and the narrow dispersion of small pores (0.05-0.073 μm) in the green compact was considered to be one of origins for the sinterable behavior of this powder.


The utility model relates to an airer for trousers and socks, which is designed for solving the technical problem that the number of clothes hung by existing similar products is less, and the distance between two hanging clamping-points or between two airing clamping-points is adjusted difficultly. The rack body of the drying rack is a flat-plate type rack body, the center of the top of the rack body is provided with a hook, the bottom of the rack body is provided with clips, and the clamps include a set of symmetrically-arranged inner clamps and a set of symmetrically-arranged outer clamps; and the drying rack is characterized in that the inner clamps are arranged on an inner clamping bar at the bottom of the rack body, the inner clamping bar is connected with the rack body by screws, and the inner clamping bar is arranged in a groove of the rack body; and the outer clamps are arranged at the bottom of the rack body. The inner clamping bar is provided with a sliding chute, and the inner clamps are arranged in the sliding chute. The pantyhose drying rack provided by the utility model is reasonable in design; and by using the drying rack, the drying and hanging of the clothes are performed conveniently, the clothes clamping distance is adjusted conveniently, and the the number of clothes hung by the airer is large, therefore, the drying rack is suitable to be used as a hanger and applied to the structure improvement of similar products.


An oxygen-scavenging composition comprising (I) an oxidizable metal component, (II) an electrolyte component, (III) a non-electrolytic, acidifying component, and (IV) a non ionic surfactant component, preferably selected from the group consisting of alkyl polyethylene glycol ethers, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polypropylene glycol polyethylene glycol block copolymers and polyethylene polyethylene glycol block copolymers.


Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of physics textbooks based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) to improve student physics learning outcomes on the Material of Temperature and Heat. The implementation design uses a pre-experimental design with One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The subjects of this research trial were all students of class XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 5 (Model) Lubuklinggau. The n-gain test was conducted to determine how much improvement in student learning outcomes was after implementing Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) based physics textbooks. Data were collected by using questionnaires and test techniques. The activity of students has increased by 72.86% in the good category. The daily test results given >75% of students scored more than 70 of the seven questions given. The value of table with degrees of freedom (DK) = n-1 = 34-1 = 33 and = 0.05 count = 36.87 and table = 2.04 because count table. In conclusion, the use of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model effectively improves students' physics learning outcomes.

Keywords: Student Activities, Physics Textbooks Based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), Learning Outcomes


Despite a much greater awareness of dust explosion hazards, numerous accidents continue to happen throughout the world, resulting in casualties, property losses and business interruption. Prevention constitutes the first line of defense, and remains an essential part of risk mitigation for dust explosions; in addition, explosion protection techniques (such as containment, venting, isolation and suppression) also need to be implemented to deal with consequences and effects of explosion when they do occur. While conventional venting remains the most common and popular method of protection used, its implementation is not always straightforward, especially for indoor equipment. A new technology - flameless venting - has been developed for dust explosions, thanks to extensive large scale test programs. In comparison with conventional venting devices, the most notable benefits of using flameless venting devices are flame extinguishment and dust retention, resulting in blast, thermal radiation and noise minimization outside the protected equipment. Another distinct advantage is that it can be easily retrofitted to existing installations, without requiring significant changes to the process. In addition to describing the concept of flameless venting and its design, this article presents results of test programs, as well as current standardization activities related to flameless venting in Europe.


Digestate is an anaerobic digestion by-product rich in inorganic-nitrogen (N) that can be used as an organic fertilizer. Digestate agronomic efficiency and its impact on the environment have not yet been studied in detail, therefore this study tries to fill this gap. The agro-environmental sustainability of digestate fractions was evaluated in a holistic way by comparing the best management practices available in the Veneto Region agroecosystem. A farm experiment involving mineral fertilizer and both liquid and solid digestate fractions was established involving silage winter wheat and silage maize as main crops. Agro-environmental sustainability was investigated coupling crop performance analysis (e.g., yield, N uptake and N use efficiency (NUE)) with a novel proposed agro-environmental sustainability index (AESI) (i.e., product of the dry yield and NUE). The results showed that the liquid digestate fraction gave agronomic performances comparable to mineral fertilizers and a satisfying AESI while solid digestate showed lower performances. In conclusion, liquid digestate fractions might be an effective substitute for mineral fertilizers in the Veneto region agroecosystem reaching encouraging levels of agro-environmental sustainability. On the contrary, longer-term experiments are requested to evaluate solid digestate fraction sustainability.


In Brazil, the proportion of adolescent pregnant women has been maintained in the last decades, where one in six women were pregnant during adolescence. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of gestation on adolescent life, to understand the importance of support during this phase, and to present the relevance of sex education as a preventive factor. It is a literature review in the narrative format, based on articles selected in the bibliographic base of the BVS. For the development of this review, three main categories were evidenced: Impacts of pregnancy in adolescence; Support for pregnant teenagers; and Sex education as a preventive factor. The impacts of pregnancy on the adolescent's life are manifold, if it is observed that the support offered to the young mother is of extreme importance, and intense efforts are needed in order to promote a culture of health promotion and care for this vulnerable population. The health services, through the nurses included in the Family Health Strategy, are key tools in the process of dissemination and facilitation of sexual and reproductive health guidelines.


Pure molten antimony trichloride has been found to act as an oxidizing agent toward polycyclic arenes, producing stable solutions of radical cations. The oxidizing power of the Sb/sup 3 +//Sb/sup 0/ couple has been shown to be considerably increased or decreased by the addition, respectively, of a few mole percent of a chloride ion acceptor (AlCl/sub 3/) or donor (Me/sub 4/NCl). ESR spectra and coupling constants are reported for several arene radical cations in this medium, including those for the previously unreported acenaphthene radical cation.


The levels of some trace metals have been studied in Southampton Water. Particulate iron, though variable, is generally high and the concentration appears to be correlated with the amount of particulate matter. Zinc is approximately doubled in concentration inside Southampton Water, but much higher levels are occasionally encountered. Copper and nickel are only somewhat higher and total mercury is lower inside Southampton Water than in Solent waters. Zinc and copper are concentrated approximately 30000 times on a dry mass basis by Mercenaria mercenaria. Mercury is concentrated by Mercenaria and other bivalves; the mud which is especially rich in total mercury may represent an important source of mercury for these animals. Primary nutrients, phosphate, nitrate and ammonium, increase in concentration from seaward on proceeding up the estuεry. Surface waters appear to be especially rich in nitrate and ammonium. Gross pollution seems unlikely in view of low nitrite concentration and high oxygen values virtually throughout the estuary. The high rate of turnover of organic substrates by heterotrophic organisms may be associated with relatively large amounts of organic matter in Southampton Water. This has to some extent been confirmed by direct surveys of particulate and dissolved organic carbon which also suggest that regional differences exist. Higher levels of organic matter occur near the head of the estuary, near Marchwood, the Docks, and the mouth of the River Itchen. Although thermal changes in Southampton Water appear to have been slight, some increase in winter minimal temperatures and in summer maxima have occurred, especially in the Marchwood area. No evidence exists of deleterious effects on marine organisms. Phytoplankton can apparently endure rises of at least 10°C for short periods without injurious effects. The density of zooplankton has not decreased; possibly certain species (e. g. Elminius modestus) have been favoured by thermal changes. A marked increase in Mercenaria mercenaria population may be associated with the small thermal rise and remarkably high population densities are encountered. Spawning appears to be correlated with summer temperatures exceeding 18 to 19°C.


We show that close to monodisperse crystalline fibrils of dibenzylidene sorbitol can be obtained by preparation in a polymeric solvent subjected to extended shear flow.


Since most chemical processes exhibit severe nonlinear and time-varying behavior, the control of such processes is challenging. In this paper, a novel two-layer online adjust algorithm is presented for chemical processes. The lower layer consists of a conventional proportional−integral−derivative (PID) controller and a plant process, while the upper layer is composed of identification and tuning modules. Using a lazy learning algorithm, a local valid linear model denoting the current state of system is automatically exacted for adjusting the PID controller parameters based on input/output data. This scheme can adjust the PID parameters in an online manner even if the system has nonlinear properties. In this online tuning strategy, the concepts of generalized minimum variance (GMV) and quadratic program with constraints are also considered. The capabilities of the proposed tuning strategy are investigated through a CSTR process available in an advanced algorithm simulation platform.


Abstract It is shown that if the membrane potential of cells of Valonia utricularis was increased rapidly by applying ~500 μs current pulses, dielectric breakdown of the membrane occured when the potential reached a value of ~0.85 V. The breakdown phenomenon observed was not associated with global damage to the cell or its membrane. The process could be repeated after a short resealing time (~ 10s), many times on a single cell. The rapidity of the breakdown process (~1 μs) rules out the possibility that dielectric breakdown occurs by a mechanism similar to that of punch-through, which involves changes in ionic profiles.


BACKGROUND
 Despite the lack of evidence on the use of Cannabis for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the growing perception that Cannabis is safe has led more patients and caregivers to self-medicate. Some psychiatrists now authorize medicinal Cannabis for patients with ADHD with features of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) to curtail the unregulated (i.e. self-medicated) use of recreational Cannabis or to offer a therapeutic option to those who continue to experience symptoms after exhausting all other treatment options.

 OBJECTIVE
 To explore the perceived effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of Cannabis in youth and young adults, who are currently taking it as part of their treatment plan for ADHD with features of ODD, under the supervision of a psychiatrist.

 METHODS
 Patients between the ages of 12 and 25 with a diagnosis of ADHD and features of ODD who are currently taking Cannabis herbal extract (in a THC:CBD 1:20 ratio) as a treatment adjunct to stimulant pharmacotherapy will be recruited. A sample size of 10-20 is estimated. The study interview will consist of: 1) validated symptom rating scales (SNAP-IV (90-item), PHQ-9, and SCARED tool, which measure symptoms of ADHD and ODD, depression, and anxiety, respectively); 2) a semi-structured interview to probe the experiences of using Cannabis; and 3) a Cannabis side effects survey. A Cannabis product sample as well as two blood samples (a trough level and 2-h post-dose level) will be collected to measure plasma concentrations of cannabinoids and relevant metabolites (THC, CBD, 11-hydroxy-THC, 7-hydroxy-CBD, cannabichromene, 11-nor-9-carboxy-tertrahydrocannabinol) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Self-report rating scales (SNAP-IV, SCARED, PHQ-9) will be scored according to standard protocols and compared to retrospective scores obtained from the participant's chart. Demographic variables (age, weight, race), symptoms scores, and blood levels (peaks and troughs) of THC, CBD, CBC, and metabolites will be summarized using descriptive statistics. Relationships between plasma concentrations and symptom scores will be determined using ANOVA and multiple regression analysis determine associations between plasma concentrations and demographic variables (age, weight, ethnicity). The qualitative data will be audio-recorded and transcribed and organized into themes.

 RESULTS
 The protocol was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Board at the Univerity of Sasaktchewan (protocol #1726) and recruitment began in May of 2021.

 CONCLUSIONS
 This proof-of-concept study will explore the potential treatment effectiveness of medical Cannabis in participants with ADHD and ODD using a mixed methods approach to inform the design of patient-oriented research in this area.


The paper presents art pedagogical techniques, designed to be used as an inspirational provocation for children's imagination. In the modern, rapidly changing reality, new abilities have to be obtained. What children need perhaps more than ever is the possibility of being assertive towards a challenging environment. Managing to keep their imagination alive and fruitful is a way to make it possible being flexible and versatile towards the often overflowing stimuli from the society. The techniques presented in the paper aim to provoke and inspire children's lateral thinking and creativity by the means of fine art. The objective is the complexity and completeness of the creative process. The art pedagogical techniques are supposed to be used as a pedagogical tool in the learning process.


Lectures are a common way of teaching in many universities, independent of the general effectiveness of this instructional method. Designing good lectures is a challenging task, and many lecturers struggle with the question how to improve the design of lectures and how to minimize the disadvantages of this instruction method. Educational patterns, as applied by successful lecturers, offer answers to these questions. But these patterns are described in multiple and unrelated publications, which makes finding and using them difficult. In this paper we make an inventory of lecture-relevant patterns from the existing literature on pedagogical patterns and begin with their categorization. The goal of this work is to help lecturers finding relevant patterns that help them designing their lectures and to provide first steps towards a pattern language for lecture design.


The high-order harmonic generally occurred in the connected transformer under the practical operation condition which will cause the transformer nonuniform heating and bring unexpected hazard. In this study, to analysis the thermal field distribution, a 3D finite element model of the connected transformer is established. The magnetic flux of the iron core, magnetic flux leakage of the tank wall and the frame clamps under operation condition were calculated. Also, the thermal field distribution and hot spot temperature of the iron core and clamps has been calculated using magnetic-thermal coupling method. The analysis results indicated that, when the high-order harmonic occurred, both of the magnetic flux of the iron core and magnetic flux leakage of the tank wall and the frame clamps were increased significantly. The magnetic flux leakage in the middle part of the tank became obviously. Therefore, the magnetic shielding at this part should be enhanced. The hot spot temperature of the iron core and clamps increases 6.7 °C and 1.7 °C, respectively. Thus, a rigorous monitoring should be implemented to prevent equipment insulation fail cause by the local overheat. The analysis results of paper could be used in the connected transformer optimal design and practical operation maintain.


Although the "district administrator" was, and still is, identified under various titles, there was a common role of generalist administrative head within a spatial unit of field administration. For several decades the district administrator's authority was steadily diminished but he never completely disappeared from the scene and he is now making a strong return. The authority of the district administrator is also often augmented, and controlled, by the appointment of a political officer in the same locality. In the process he has come to need special experience in the field of development. In many countries the district administrator is supported in his development work by specialist development officers. This article traces the changing but persistent role of the district administrator in certain former British territories in Southern, Central and East Africa. Particular reference is made to Botswana, parts of South Africa, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania and Kenya.


The Action Research purported to explore the use of process based writing approach in enhancing the form six learners' writing skills in a self-directed and motivating way. This research was conducted in a suburban secondary school of Mukah district in Sarawak. Twenty-three of Upper six learners with average to below average language proficiency were selected as the research participants. Two data collection instruments which were the pre and posts test were analysed to obtain research findings. Findings from pre and post tests revealed a significant result indicating a slight improvement with a mean score increment of 4.8%. These results proved that the process based approach had successfully assisted the learners in writing an argumentative essay.


AbstractRedundancy is related to the amount of functionality that the structure can sustain in the worst-case scenario of structural degradation. This paper proposes a widely-applicable concept of redundancy optimization of finite-dimensional structures. The concept is consistent with the robust structural optimization and with the quantitative measure of structural redundancy on the basis of the information-gap theory. A derivative-free algorithm is proposed on the basis of the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method, in which the finite-difference method that adaptively varies the difference increment is used. Preliminary numerical experiments show that an optimal solution of the redundancy optimization problem possibly has multiple worst-case scenarios.


We address the problem of finding steadily precessing nonlin ear warped disk solutions for disks around black holes. The disk is modeled as a collection of con centric, circular rings surrounding a black hole. In our model, the rings interact with each other gravitationally, which causes precession of the ring orbits around the direction of the total disk angular momentum. When the torque around the line-of-nodes, i.e. where all the rings intersec t, is zero, equilibrium inclinations can be obtained fixing a common precession frequency. We show tha t there exists a scaling relation between the parameters of the disk, and the black hole mass fo r a given warp shape. We find that for a range of parameters, the disk might get highly warped, a n obscure the central radiation source. We also analyze the stability of such equilibrium so lutions by perturbation theory, and time integration of equations of motion.


We analyzed changes in gene expression in Caco-2 cells cocultured with THP-1 cells over time periods of 0, 1, 3, 6, 24, and 48 h using a DNA microarray. Differentially expressed genes extracted with maSigPro indicated that an early defense response and cell death occured at the same time, causing an inflammatory condition.


Finline transmission lines are easy to manufacture and to integrate with other planar components, but they have not, to our knowledge, been used for submillimetre SIS mixers. One of the main problems is the high characteristic impedance of these structures. In this paper we describe a design which overcomes this difficulty by including an antipodal fmline section with overlapping fins on either side of a dielectric layer deposited on a thick quartz substrate. We have designed and tested an antipodal finline mixer with fully integrated tuning. Preliminary results confirm our predictions that the finline structure is suitable for making low noise and easy to manufacture SIS mixers, and hence is suitable for large-format imaging arrays.


One of the main theoretical implications of the present value approach on firm valuation is the hypothesis that dividend yield has a predictive power on future dividend growth. The relevant literature, however, was not able to provide evidence that clearly supports this hypothesis. In this paper we cope with the two main reasons that raise the econometric complexity on testing the dividend growth predictability hypothesis, namely, the seasonality effects that appear when higher frequency data are used, and the effect of price volatility on the computation of dividend yield. Specifically, an application of a the Mixed Data Sampling (MiDaS) technique allows us to use monthly dividend data in order to test the hypothesis that dividend yield explains the future annual dividend growth. In order to cancel out the effects of price variation on dividend yield we use a smoothing technique, and we identify the component of the smoothed dividend yield that offers predictive power. Empirical evidence from US, UK, Canada, Germany, France and Japan, strongly supports the dividend growth predictability hypothesis.


THE HONOR OF PRESENTING the presidential address to the American Academy of Neurology is a privilege which comes to but a few. It is with humble spirit and genuine appreciation that I appear before you today. And I assure you that I am aware of the rare opportunity and the not inconsiderable responsibility which this occasion affords. I am conscious also of the fact that I enjoy a certain advantage over those of you who will follow me to the rostrum-for this essay has not had to pass through the scrupulous filtering of the Scientific Program Committee! This is the thirteenth annual meeting of the Academy. We are young by comparison to some other societies in medicine. However, there is no doubt that we have survived a turbulent youth and entered into a well modulated maturity. Born during the period of postwar scientific awakening, this organization sprung into being as if by spontaneous general demand, and immediately it began to exert an influence far out of proportion to that which might have been expected. The individuals who made up its initial core claim no unusual assets individually, yet, collectively, they were able to ignite and supply the dynamic force for a powerful change in orientation for the specialty of neurology. Without doubt, we were a product of the times, and it would be unrealistic not to realize that enthusiasm and drive alone could have accomplished little if the profession, the people, and the Congress were not ready to respond and to render support. Verve and vigor are healthy traits of youth, and in them the Academy may take just pride; yet, on coming of age, we acquire the responsibilities of maturity, and we are now confronted with the serious challenge of maintaining stability, holding the dynamic spirit, and continuing to exert influence for the best interest of neurology. The experience of serving as President and of participating for several additional years in the administrative affairs of the Academy is sobering and chastening, and, although it does not qualify one to be a sage or prophet, it


Buddhism had been disseminated towards the east, and meanwhile blended with Chinese traditional culture for several centuries. It played an important role in the Chinese society during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. By this time the Buddhist Scriptures had been translated completely and become an active factor that stimulated narrative literature of this period to develop. This paper, taking Niu Su JI WEN as an object, combs the traces of the Buddhist Scripture stories in it and enumerates those novels and stories immersed and carved in subject matters of Buddhist Scriptures and traces their sources. It is proved that Chinese versions of Buddhist Scriptures exercised influences on the context of the fictions. In the paper some fictions' "prototype"is unearthed from Buddhist Scriptures and corresponding records in order to demonstrate that the fictions were effected by Buddhism Scriptures and to show the profound influence of the cultural blending between India and China on the fictions of the Sui and Tang Dynasties.


The present work describes a method for the determination of free and total sulphite in fresh sausages and its implementation on 48 samples. The method includes the extraction of sulphite, both free and total, by dissolution of the sample in a suitable solvent and determination by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The method is that previously reported by Kim and Kim (J Food Sci 51 1986 1360–1361) improved by certain modifications the principal of which consists of working atpH 10 for the extraction of total sulphite. Use of this pH permits reversible dissociation of the combined sulphite. In reproducibility assays carried out on sausages, variation coefficients of 3.3 and 5% were obtained for free and total sulphite, respectively. To evaluate recovery, sulphite was added to the samples as hydroxymethylsulphonate. Mean recovery was 86.4% with a variation coefficient of 3.8%.

In 62% of the sausages analysed, amounts of total sulphites higher than 450 μ SO2 g−1 were found. Among the samples, considerable variation was observed in the distribution of sulphite between the free and combined forms.


We show that the bottom of the conduction band in SrTiO3 is formed by the Kramers doublet of states with finite angular momentum involving a spin-orbit-coupled superposition of all three t2g orbitals of Ti. Analysis of electron correlations based on the Hubbard model shows that superconductivity may be mediated by the orbital entanglement of electrons due to the Mott-Hund's coupling between t2g orbitals. The proposed mechanism is likely relevant to other multiband superconductors.


The winner of the new Excellence in Regulatory Systems Award - introduced for the 2014 IPANZ Gen-i Public Sector Excellence Awards - was Environment Canterbury for its alternative environmental justice process, a first in New Zealand. Just how did Environment Canterbury take the idea of restorative justice and apply it to environmental crimes? IPANZ Communications Adviser Maragaret McLachlan finds out.


Both very low frequency voltage and oscillating wave voltage are applied to the partial discharge detection of power cable. In order to compare the partial discharge characteristics of power cable defects under very low frequency voltage and oscillating wave voltage, 10kV heat-shrinkable, cold-shrinkable power cable samples with axial and radial knife marks defects, with water-intake defect and with no defect were respectively tested under very low frequency and oscillating wave voltage. Partial discharge tests were carried out, and the partial discharge inception voltage, maximum partial discharge volume and partial discharge waveform were measured and recorded. The test results show that the partial discharge inception voltage of 10kV power cables under the oscillating wave voltage is lower than that of the very low frequency voltage. Under the same fixed voltage, the maximum partial discharge of the oscillating wave voltage is larger, the number of partial discharge pulses is more, and the partial discharge waveform is more dense than that of the very low frequency voltage.


Molten salt electrolysis was applied for the boronizing of nickel with
 Na2B4O7?10H2O-Na2CO3 as the electrolyte and characterizations and the growth
 kinetics of borided layer is reported. The experiment was carried out in
 silicon carbide crucible at 1193 K, 1223 K and 1243 K for 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and
 4 h. The morphology and phases formed on the surface of pure nickel were
 analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive
 X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The surface
 hardness and corrosion resistance of the boronized sample were tested by
 micro hardness tester and electrochemical workstation respectively. The
 borided layer was composed of nickel borides and its thickness ranged from
 71 to 184 ?m. After 1 h boronizing, the hardness of the silicon rich borides
 is 966 HK, which is a little lower than that of the nickel borides (992-1008
 HK); the surface hardness reached 1755 HK after 4 h electrolysis.
 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the corrosion
 resistance of boronized sample is better than that of pure nickel. Borided
 layer growth kinetics was studied by analyzing the relationship between
 thickness of the borided layer and time by mathematical method. Then the
 diffusion coefficient constant of boron atom in nickel at 1193 K, 1223 K and
 1243 K was calculated accordingly and an equation was obtained to estimate
 the thickness of the borided layer.


Sammendrag/Abstract: The IMiS-Kernel project is defined as a three-year project. It is comprised of six Work Packages (WP1-6). This purpose of this report is to describe the first-year work which has been carried out within IMiS-Kernel's Work Package 1 (WP1). The overall goal within WP1 is to understand and exploit the demands that next generation multimedia applications pose upon the underlying infrastructure and how these demands influence on the design of the applications. As its primary goal in the first year, WP1 focused its work upon the issue of seamless-ness, in order to establish a concrete foundation for the informed selection and characterization of a communication service/application suited to the needs of the project. The focus of the report therefore deals with the results of an analysis conducted in order to help attain a more concrete understanding of the nature of and requirements for achieving seamless service/applica-tion performance within a variety of work contexts. The report closes with the motivation for WP1's recommendation of a specific application framework, for use as the foundation for application development and experimentation within the IMiS-Kernel project.


Born in the ruinous aftermath of the First World War, raised in southern Africa during the final years of the British Empire and emerging as a writer immediately after the Second World War, Doris Lessing's memoirs and autobiographies bear witness to life on the hinges of history. Throughout her career Lessing was drawn to the Rhodesian veld of her childhood, writing and rewriting her memories of white settler society. While the autobiographical content of novels such as the Children of Violence (1952–69) series, and The Golden Notebook (1962) leads some critics to discuss these texts as life writing, Lessing's considerable body of autobiographical non-fiction – from her earliest travel memoir Going Home (1957) to the final account of her childhood in Alfred and Emily (2008) – also stage frequent returns to her memories of colonial life. These memoirs and autobiographies track a series of contradictions, for although Lessing felt that the Southern Rhodesian landscape was 'her myth country', she remained fiercely critical of 'the paranoia, the adolescent sentimentality [and] the neurosis' of white settler society. The circuitous journeys home to Southern Rhodesia made throughout her autobiographical writings, underscore how Lessing's life writing project is processual; her memoirs and autobiographies return to but are unable to surpass her memories of colonial life. By here returning to Lessing's final rendition of her upbringing in Alfred and Emily, I track how her abiding preoccupation with colonialism – her entanglements with the British Empire and its aftermath – registers in the form, as well as the content of her life writing.


A compact wideband planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) for 2.4/5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is presented. Two orthogonal radiators are used instead of a planar structure to reduce the size of antenna. The wideband characteristic is achieved by generating additional resonant frequency through a grounded strip. The geometry parameters of the antenna are investigated to realize proper band and good matching. A wide impedance bandwidth from 2.4 to 2.48 and 4.4 to 5.9 GHz is obtained, covering all 2.4/5 GHz WLAN operation. Finally the position of proposed antenna on the ground is considered to realize broad beam width.


Low x Workshop on deep inelastic scattering, diffraction, final states and related subjects, LOWX2017, Bari, Italy, 13 Jun 2017 - 17 Jun 2017


This library guide strives to provide e-support for undergraduate students at the NWU. Give scientific and peer reviewed electronic sources a go when writing your next assignments and see how the quality of your research improves.


The fine guidance sensors (FGS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) are optical white light shearing interferometers that offer a unique capability to astronomers. The FGS's photometric dynamic range, fringe visibility, and fringe tracking ability allow the instrument to exploit the benefits of performing interferometry form a space-based platform. The FGSs routinely provide HST with 2 milli-seconds of arc pointing stability. The FGS designated as the Astronomer, FGS3, has also been used to (1) perform 2 mas relative astrometry over the central 4 arc minutes of its field of view, (2) determine the true relative orbits of close faint binary systems, (3) measure the angular diameter of a giant star, (4) search for extra-solar planets, (5) observe occultations of stars by solar system objects, as well as (6) photometrically monitor stellar flares on a low mas M dwarf. In this paper we discuss this unique instrument, its design, performance, and the areas of science for which it is the only device able to successfully observe objects of interest.


The Noise Project in the Electromagnetics Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has proposed the development of standards for microwave brightness temperature for use in remote-sensing applications such as satellite-based weather observations. The standards would be based on existing fundamental standards for electromagnetic noise in waveguide systems. The connection to brightness temperature, which is a radiated quantity, would be made by means of a well characterized antenna. A heated calibration target would be used to supplement the basic standard, either as a check or to reduce the uncertainty by a redundant measurement. We have performed preliminary measurements at 26 GHz that demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed standard. A parallel effort is in progress for terahertz frequencies. For terahertz noise we are building a heated target to be used as a noise standard, since we did not already have fundamental noise standards for such high frequencies. This standard will be used with a terahertz radiometer. The radiometer is based on a receiver that uses a hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer that is coupled to the radiation by a quasi-optical adapter. We expect to perform terahertz noise measurements with the system by the end of the year.


Understanding the mechanical anisotropy of metals is essential for many forming processes. 2 causes for anisotropy are treated: the deformation texture, which is related to the crystallography, and the deformation microstructure in the form of dislocation walls. Experimental data for the flow stress variation in the rolling plane, which may be as high as 20%, are presented. The traditional Taylor model is applied to the data to account for the effect of texture. However, texture effects alone are not enough to explain all of the observed anisotropy. New models which take the combined effects of texture and deformation microstructure into account are presented. The models are based on the Taylor and Sachs models but modified with an anisotropic critical shear stress to account for the effect of the microstructure. The agreement between experimental data and model predictions is definitely better when microstructural contributions are included in the models.


This paper presents a fault location algorithm which can accurately locate evolving faults on transmission lines. Evolving faults are types of faults such that the faulted phases change over time. Although locating commonly occurring shunt faults have been widely studied, there is a need for reseach on estimating locations of evolving faults. Locating evolving faults is quite challenging due to rapid fault type transition after fault inception. This paper proposes an analytical method to locate evolving faults on transmission lines. The proposed algorithm is based on sparse wide area measurements which may be taken far away from the faulted line. The method is applicable to both single- and double-circuit lines, which can be either transposed or untransposed. Distributed parameter line model is adopted to consider long line effects accurately. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on a 27-bus transmission system developed in Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) and promising results are achieved.


A 5-year old girl presented with no complaint; the girl told her mother that she had introduced a pin into her urethra because she had pruritis in this area. A plain abdominal X-ray with anteroposterior and lateral views showed the pin to be in the bladder area (Fig. 1a,b); abdominal ultrasonography confirmed it was in the bladder. As the girl had presented in the afternoon, and because she was not complaining, endoscopy was scheduled for the following morning, to locate and remove the pin endoscopically. Early in the morning the girl passed the pin spontaneously; this was confirmed by a plain film (Fig 1c); the pin had a spherical head made of plastic material that was not radio-opaque (Fig. 1d).


Why do American lawyers export American legal norms, particularly to places with their own rich legal traditions? Jedidiah J. Kroncke's book answers this question in two ways: first, by investigating the export of American law to China and, second, by turning inward to chronicle more than 200 years of the American relationship with China. More broadly, Kroncke asks, what are the roots of the American desire to export American legal philosophy to East Asia? Kroncke's book laments that the US's relationship to comparative – particularly East Asian – law is today "a sickly shadow" of what it was at the nation's founding (p. 2). At that time, Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin – architects of American independence during the eighteenth century – turned to Asian law and philosophy "for [their] inspiration" (p. 1). Their hope in Chinese lawwould be replaced, centuries later, by the opposite goal to Americanize Chinese law. Why? The answer is as unexpected as it is revelatory: American Christian missionaries during the nineteenth century took their faith with them across the Pacific to Asia, along with their love of American law and "the presumed mutuality of American law and...Christianity" (p. 3). Their work educated Chinese citizens aboutAmerican law and Christianity, and it taught American citizens about China. Later, despite the increasingly secular development goals of the twentieth century, the American "faith" in exporting American law never died. However, American lawyers' faith in comparative law did dissipate (pp. 5–7). Chinese citizens and officials received American law in different ways, depending on the historical period under scrutiny. Legal reformers in China at various times "welcomed, stigmatized, and manipulated" American law for their own political purposes (p. 10). The book begins with a pithy introduction. Eight substantive chapters follow, along with two chapter-length case-studies, on Frank Goodnow's and Roscoe Pound's work with


The paper introduces the work principle and the development histories of the infrared imaging technology,discusses the work principal and physical premise of application infrared imaging technology to oil and gas pipeline burglarproof ,analyzes the technical application potential and limitation objectively. The authors emphasize that the infrared images quality is the key to oil and gas pipeline burglarproof.


Gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitrate and disodium arsenate were each administered orally to mice of both sexes (Jcl:ICR strain) at varying dosage levels and examined for their effects on the heme biosynthetic enzyme system in the spleen, liver, kidney and peripheral blood.

The results indicate that the areas most affected by administration of gallium nitrate or disodium arsenate were enzymes in the hematogenous cells of mouse spleen. In mice of the disodium arsenate-treated groups δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS, EC 22.214.171.124), the first enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway and the rate-limiting enzyme for heme synthesis, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD, EC 18.104.22.168) and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD, EC 22.214.171.124) activities in the spleen were markedly depressed in a dose-dependent fashion. A similar, but apparently less marked, reduction in these enzyme activities in the spleen was also observed in the gallium nitrate-treated groups. The effects of these treatments were more conspicuous in female than in male mice. An in vitro experiment demonstrated that activities of purified ALAS, ALAD and PBGD were not inhibited to any noticeable extent by arsenic compounds.

These results suggest that disodium arsenate may strongly inhibit heme biosynthesis in mouse spleen.