Introduction: N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in mammalian messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Although previous studies have showed that RNA methylation is reversible and plays important roles in various cellular processes, such as metabolism, stem cell development, and self-renewal, its functions in cancer remain elusive. The fat mass- and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is an m6A demethylase and was described as an oncogenic factor in leukemia and brain tumors. We hypothesized that RNA demethylation could be involved in the process of ovarian cancer initiation or progression.Methods: Here we measured FTO expression in ovarian tumors compared to fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) and in ovarian cancer stem cells (CSCs) compared to non-CSCs. To investigate its functions we used overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown. Colony, sphere formation and tumor initiation assays were carried out. RNA-Seq and MeRIP-Seq were used to investigate the mechanism by which FTO-mediated m6A modifications altered stemness in OC cells. Results: FTO was expressed at lower levels in ovarian tumors compared to FTE and in ovarian CSCs compared to non-CSCs (P Citation Format: Hao Huang, Yinu Wang, Manoj Kandpal, Guangyuan Zhao, Horacio Cardenas, Yanrong Ji, Edward Tanner, Jianjun Chen, Ramana Davuluri, Daniela Matei. A novel function of FTO in ovarian cancer stem cells through m6A RNA demethylation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2449.


The study aimed to identify the level of psychological well-being and its association with gratitude among Mutah university students who changed their majors. The sample of the study consisted of (266) male and female students. To achieve the objectives of the study, two scales were developed namely, the psychological wellbeing scale and the Gratitude Scale. The validity and reliability of the scales were verified. The results indicated that: A) the level of psychological well being and gratitude among the students of Mutah University was moderate; B) there was a positive and acceptable relationship between these two variables; C) male students were more grateful than female students, and that the students in humanities colleges ( male and female ) were more grateful than students in scientific colleges and D) gratitude contributes in an acceptable way to shaping the level psychological wellbeing. The study recommended directing high school students and their families to choose university majors that fit the preferences and abilities of these students, and which is demanded by the labor market.


The combined effect of several sensitizers and light on H 2O or D2O solutions of DNA‐histone complexes, as well as the significance of singlet oxygen (1O2), in this photosensitizing reaction has been studied. On H2O solutions, the production of 1O2, as well as the formation of DNA‐protein cross‐links (DPCs), were found to be dependent on light dose for all the sensitizers. Mesotetra (4N‐methylpyridyl) porphine (T4 MPyP), methylene blue (MB), and toluidine blue (TB) were the best photosensitizers with regard to tryptophan photolysis, followed by hematoporphyrin (HP), thioflavine T (TT), and pyronin G (PG). The formation of DPCs showed high initial rates, reaching a plateau at dose over 90 J/cm 2. Under these irradiation conditions, the percentage of DPCs induced by the sensitizers decreases in the order T4 MPyP > MB > TB ≫ HP ≈ TT ≫ PG (≈0). These DPCs were totally destroyed with proteinase K (15μg/ml). The irradiation of the DNA‐histone‐sensitizer solutions in the presence of L‐carnosine (5 × 10‐4 M) produced approximately a 50% of DPCs inhibition for T4 MPyP, MB, and TB, and a total inhibition for HP, TT, and PG. The substitution of H2O by D2O as solvent significantly increased the photodegradation of tryptophan, as well as the photoinduction of DPCs by the sensitizers. The results obtained indicate that singlet oxygen is the main agent responsible in the DNA–protein cross‐linking formation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The invention relates to a formulation and production process of tea saponin shampoo made of pure natural ecological compositions as active additive. Refined tea saponin, lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sodium sulfate, fatty acid alkanolamide, dodecyl dimethyl betain, poly cellulose quaternary ammonium salt, glycol monostearate, kayhon-GG, essence and deionized water are mixed in an emulsifying tank, processed with ultrasonic processing and adjusted on PH value and emulsion viscosity, so as to obtain the shampoo. The formulation and production process of tea saponin shampoo have the advantages of high comprehensive utilization rate, low production cost, green ecological and environmental protection, having the effects of hair washing, hair care, sterilization, relieving itching and anti-dandruff, and having no stimulation effect on human skin, ensuring the hair to have luster and elasticity after frequent use.


Many components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are expressed during mouse pre-implantation embryo development, suggesting that this pathway may control cell proliferation and differentiation at this time. We find no evidence for a functional activity of this pathway in cleavage-stage embryos using the Wnt-reporter line, BAT-gal. To further probe the activity of this pathway, we activated β-catenin signaling by mating a zona pellucida3-cre (Zp3-cre) transgenic mouse line with a mouse line containing an exon3-floxedβ -catenin allele. The result is expression of a stabilized form ofβ -catenin, resistant to degradation by the GSK3β-mediated proteasome pathway, expressed in the developing oocyte and in each cell of the resulting embryos. Nuclear localization and signaling function of β-catenin were not observed in cleavage-stage embryos derived from these oocytes. These results indicate that in pre-implantation embryos, molecular mechanisms independent of the GSK3β-mediated ubiquitination and proteasome degradation pathway inhibit the nuclear function of β-catenin. Although the mutant blastocysts initially developed normally, they then exhibited a specific phenotype in the embryonic ectoderm layer of early post-implantation embryos. We show a nuclear function of β-catenin in the mutant epiblast that leads to activation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes. As a consequence, cells of the embryonic ectoderm change their fate, resulting in a premature epithelial-mesenchymal transition.


Hiba Bou Akar, For the War Yet to Come: Planning Beirut's Frontiers. Standford, California: Stanford University Press, 2018, 264pp., $28.00. ISBN: 1503605604, 9781503605602.


[Objective] To investigate the prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among miners with silicosis and evaluate the responses of non-tuberculosis miners to tuberculin. [Methods] A case-control study of 189 male patients with silicosis as a case group and 110 male non-silicosis miners as a control group was conducted. The prevalence rates of PTB among all subjects was investigated, and all subjects were divided into three groups according to years of dust exposure(20,20-, 30-year). The purified protein derivative of tuberculin(PPD) test was carried out in miners except 59 persons with PTB. [Results] Prevalence rates of PTB were 16.4% at stage Ⅰ silicosis,29.0% at stage Ⅱ silicosis and 72.7% at stage Ⅲ silicosis,respectively. PTB prevalence rate was the highest in the group exposed to dust more than 30 years among non-silicosis miners.The excessive positive rate of tuberculin reaction at stage Ⅱ silicosis was higher than that of non-silicosis group,22.7% and 8.3% respectively. Individuals who had been exposed to tubercle bacillus were more sensitive to tuberculin reaction than non-exposed people. [Conclusion] The prevalence rate of PTB increased with stage of silicosis upgrading.PPD test may be acted as a screening measure for pulmonary tuberculosis in silicosis miners.


A hybrid simulation technique to design microwave filters is presented. It is based on electromagnetic (EM) models and circuit elements. EM models are created to perform filter optimization in circuit simulation environment. Thanks to these EM models, optimization and tuning circuit tools can be directly used. Hybrid simulation technique leads to a faster filter optimization process and allows a broadband accuracy. In order to illustrate the efficiency of this technique, a 7th-order X-band bandstop filter has been designed. Then, a EM model of this filter elements have been created and integrated in circuit libraries. Finally the filter response has been optimized with the EM models over a wide frequency range. The hybrid simulation results are in a very good agreement with the whole filter electromagnetic response.


Objective:The relationship between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) gene and the susceptibility of kidney-deficiency asthma in children was investigated.Methods:The kidney-deficiency asthma children were primarily diagnosed by the standard of Chinese medicine.ACE genotypes were determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism(Amp-FLP) in 52 asthmatic children,72 healthy controls.The genetic equilibrium state of this population was analyzed by Hardy-Weinberg law.The statistics was analyzed by using χ~2 test.Results:The ACE genotype(II,ID and DD) distribution was no significantly different between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion: DD genotype of ACE gene may be related to susceptibility of children with kidney-deficiency asthma and may be a risk factor in development of kidney-deficiency asthma.The transmission of alleles was completely in agreement with the Mendelian genetic law.


A thirty-nine year old woman with history of infertility was admitted at the 14 week of gestation complaining of acute abdominal pain. Ultrasound revealed a large intramural fibroid bulging into the uterine cavity showing signs of degeneration. It was pressing on the gestational sac with a normal intrauterine pregnancy. The internal cervical os was funneling indicating incompetence of the internal cervical os. A diagnosis of threatened abortion associated with red degeneration of fibroid and cervical incompetence was made. McDonald cerclage was performed. Six days after discharge, she was readmitted with acute abdomen. Laparotomy revealed hemoperitonium due to a spontaneous rupture of the uterine fundus, through which the fetus was extruded in the peritoneal cavity. A discussion of clinical management is presented in the light of the current literature.


This article introduces new evidence for consistent templates and construction in a pair of small Early Gothic churches from the late twelfth century, Gurgy and Beines, located in northern Burgundy in France. The uniformity and elegance of their design points to the distinct working methods and well-conceived planning of an experienced builder and, consequently, isolates a creative individual in the midst of an otherwise unidentified group of medieval workers. Previously, scholars have suggested that builders of regional parish churches were working with outmoded styles. In contrast, these two buildings underscore the sophistication of Early Gothic builders designing small churches in a micro-region of the Yonne Valley.


Society is an aggregate of individual families and whatever affects the family affects the society. Over population today is a major problem in developing countries of the world.  A method of combating this ever increasing threat to the world peace is family limitation i.e. the voluntary spacing of birth of children. Family planning has significant advantages for the individual, families and society as a whole yet some individuals are still not ready to utilize the available family planning services around them hence this study examined some of the psychosocial factors that determine the utilization of family planning services among the non-academic workers of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Two hundred participants were conveniently and randomly selected from the Maternity and General Hospital Wings of the Teaching Hospital and printed questionnaires were distributed to the participants to elicit the needed information. Four hypotheses were used and tested at the probability level of 0.05 significance. Simple percentages and Partial Correlation Test were used. The results obtained from all the hypotheses showed that there's a correlation between psychosocial factors and utilization of family planning services and that those psychosocial factors determine the utilization of family planning services. Keywords: Determinants, Family Planning, Psycho-social factors, Utilization


The decrease of semi-natural grasslands in Europe during the last decade has made several previously common species rare or declining in numbers. One of these species is the endangered field gentia ...


The present study focuses on clarifying the combustion mechanism of the homogeneous-charge compression-ignition (HCCI) engine in order to control ignition and combustion as well as to reduce HC and CO emissions and to maintain high combustion efficiency by calculating the chemical kinetics of elementary reactions. For the calculations, n-butane was selected as fuel since it is a fuel with the smallest carbon number in the alkane family that shows two-stage autoignition (heat release with low-temperature reaction (LTR) and with high-temperature reaction (HTR)) similarly to higher hydrocarbons such as gasoline. The CHEMKIN code was used for the calculations assuming zero dimensions in the combustion chamber and adiabatic change. The results reveal the heat release mechanism of the LTR and HTR, the control factor of ignition timing and combustion speed, and the condition need to reduce HC and CO emissions and to maintain high combustion efficiency.


The figure of Lilith as the abstraction of thefemmefatale , lived an important resurgence during the 19th century. Literature and Plastics arts were populated with this imaginary world that has arrived to our days con - verted in a topic.


The new standard GB 1094.5-2003, Power Transformer Part 5 Ability to Withstand Short Circuit, is compared to the old standard GB1094.5-1985. The key tests in the new standard are analyzed and discussed.


Introduction: The purpose of the present study is to make aware of serious disease, its radiographic features and its implications on dental care, especially for general dental practioners working in different communities. Material and Methods: For the present study, 50 Thalassemia major patients of the age of 6 years and above as group I and 50 Age and Sex matched control subjects were selected as Group II. Panoramic radiographs were taken using standard radiographic procedure on Orthopantomograph "PLANMECA PM 2002 EC Proline" Panoramic X-ray unit. Exposed Panoramic radiographs were processed manually. The processed radiographs were examined in subdued ambient light using transmitted light from a standard X-ray viewing box for radiographic features: spiky and short roots, enlargement of bone marrow spaces, thin lamina dura, identification of inferior alveolar canal, size of maxillary sinuses, taurodontism, and thickness of inferior mandibular cortex. Crown and root lengths were determined on panoramic radiographs by using Seow and Lai method. Results and Conclusions: Thus, it can be concluded from the present study that the results of this study suggest that following radiographic signs are evidence of thalassemia major: small / absent maxillary sinuses, spiky and short roots, taurodontism, enlargement of bone marrow spaces, identification of inferior alveolar canal, thin lamina dura, inferior mandibular cortex. Radiographic findings described above on orthopantamogram are not pathognomonic in itself but may be used in the


In this paper, we present an automatic algorithm for the segmentation of the hip joint from 2D ultrasound data. In a level set framework, the proposed method starts from a segmentation of the nonlinear structure tensor in the tensor domain. This feature includes both gray-level and texture information. Upon this, prior anatomical knowledge is employed for the design of a shape prior. Instead of manually delineating the shape prior or creating it from a training set, which was not available, we propose to dynamically construct the shape prior using the anatomical knowledge as well as the segmentation flow itself. Preliminary results on real images showed promising results.


Excised bovine retinas were used as an explant model for threshold determination of laser induced thermal damage for multiple pulse exposures for the laser wavelength of 532 nm. The thresholds as determined by fluorescence viability staining compare very well with the prediction of thermal damage computer model that is based on the Arrhenius damage integral. Comparison of the experimental data with the thermal damage computer model that additivity of multiple pulses can be understood on the basis of partial thermal damage induced by the individual pulses. Both models were previously (BIOS 2006) validated against non-human primate threshold data. The multiple pulse thresholds for a given series of pulses were compared against the MPE evaluation method for multiple pulses, referred to as N-1/4 or Total on Time (TOT) rule. Variation of the pulse duration, retinal spot size and the spacing between pulses shows that the TOT rule either reflects the damage threshold trend for multiple pulses very well or errs on the conservative side.


The article presents treatment results of 48 patients of traumatology and orthopedics profile with shortening of the lower limb segment. After arrangement of external fixation devices and finding segment of lower limb shortening, patients were offered to use orthopedic apparatus (Patent of the RF № 2294178), special kinesiological complex of physiotherapy and other rehabilitation supports.


In this article Ugo Bechini (a Civil Law Notary in Genoa, Italy) considers Blockchain technology and describes the potential roles for both open and permissioned Blockchains in secure indelible transactions – highlighting the opportunities and challenges presented for regulatory oversight and international cooperation. Index words: Blockchain technology, cryptographic keys, ledgers, indelible transfers, law and legislation


PERHAPS I ought to begin by explaining that what there is to say about the celebration of Candlemas in Wales must perforce be stated entirely in the past tense since Giyl Fair (or 'Mary's Festival') as it is known in Welsh has no significance whatsoever for my generation or for younger people. The fact that it falls on February 2nd is no longer generally known, except to older folk, some of whom still have a faint recollection that the feast is in some way linked with the beginning of Spring and the continued lengthening of the hours of daylight. Indeed, if it is true that festivals change as a result of secularisation or modernisation (or some other form of social transformation) from a state of active celebration to that of inactive recollection before finally passing into oblivion, then Candlemas in Wales has long been in an advanced stage of decline along with many other traditional customs. Considerable historical reconstruction is necessary to understand how the feast was formerly celebrated. In this article it is intended to look in some detail at the distinctive way Candlemas, once one of the most important of these old red letter days, was celebrated in a particular part of Wales, central Caernarvonshire, at a specific point in time, namely the middle of the eighteenthcentury. My choice is governed by the evidence available which is, fortunately, sufficient to enable a fairly clear picture to be drawn of the mode of celebrating the festival at a time when it still possessed a wealth of meaning for the countryman in this part of north Wales.


ALLISON E. ROVNY: New Social Risks, Social Policies, and Dualization in the Contemporary Welfare State. (Under the direction of John D. Stephens) In recent years, much attention has been given in the welfare state literature to the presence of new social risks in postindustrial political economies and the growing divide between those deemed to be insiders and outsiders. In fact, the term "new social risks" arguably signifies one of the defining areas of contemporary research on welfare state adaptations in advanced a✏uent democracies. In this dissertation, I examine how the various "worlds" of welfare provision—specifically, social policy tools—a↵ect the well-being of new social risk groups, and whether we are indeed witnessing an emergence of labor market and welfare state outsiders. I investigate the determinants of outsiderness expressed as single parent income, child poverty rate, and youth unemployment. I analyze the e↵ects of social policies on the likelihood of being poor among low-skilled populations. I find that social policies such as active and passive labor market policies, family policies, and government daycare spending are e↵ective at combating new social risks. Employment protection legislation may impede low-skilled young people from escaping poverty. Lastly, this dissertation considers the case of Germany and probes the extent to which a divide between labor market insiders and outsiders has cemented there over time, whether the welfare state (via taxes and transfers) exacerbates or ameliorates this dualism, and indeed, whether labor market dualization—an individuallevel phenomenon—translates into dualization of the welfare state—a phenomenon that is necessarily measured at the household level.


EFL pronunciation learning is known to be teacher-centered, in which students are reliant on the feedback given by their teachers. Fortunately, the presence of technology-based learning tools is believed to be able to reduce students' dependency on teachers. A built-in Automatic Speech Recognition technology (ASR): ELSA Speak is a mobile-based application that could help students with pronunciation learning by providing prompt feedback and detailed evaluation of its users' pronunciation accuracy. The objective of this study was to examine the use of the mobile-based application, ELSA, in pronunciation learning and whether it could stimulate learners to become more autonomous. A mix-method approach was employed in this study. The quantitative data, in the forms of pre-test and post-test, was gathered through students' pronunciation recordings available in ELSA. This data was analyzed using the paired sample t-test. In addition, a Google Form questionnaire, in five-point Likert Scale, was used to support the quantitative findings. Meanwhile, a semi-structured interview with selected participants served as the qualitative one. These data were analyzed thematically based on the participants' responses. The result shows that incorporating mobile-based technology into English pronunciation learning could provide an opportunity for students to improve their pronunciation. Moreover, students could also broaden their repertoire of available practice strategies that might be useful to improve their autonomous learning ability.


Inverter output harmonics create a great amount of losses especially in solid-rotor induction motors. The output sine filter for the PWM-inverter is introduced to smooth the inverter output waveforms. Therefore inverter disadvantages will be avoided and the efficiency of the solid-rotor induction motor will increase remarkably. The filter is designed so that it also compensates the magnetising current of the motor, thus poor power factor of the solid rotor induction motors does not affect inverter sizing. The EMC matters, voltage stress in stator windings and bearing currents are also examined. This paper focuses on effects of the filter to the characteristics of the solid-rotor induction motors. Measurements of 12 kW, 13500 rpm prototype are given.


A survey with N = 39 second-year students demonstrates that most students fail to relate graphical vector field representations to the concept of divergence. Even after providing them with two visual strategies (integral vs. derivative strategy), students still struggle to indicate whether vector fields have zero or non-zero divergence. To gain further insight into student reasoning, we captured their visual attention on the field plot via eye tracking. Fixation patterns and relevant eye-tracking measures reveal that both visual strategies are cognitively processed differently, and that success of either strategy depends on field characteristics. Future research will be outlined.


The availability of multisatellite observations (e.g. ISEE, AMPTE, and Cluster) has triggered the development of new methods of analysis to shed light on the complex dynamics inherent in the solar wind and magnetosphere. This paper looks at the results of two such methods. Firstly, the phase differencing method is used to determine the properties of waves observed upstream of a quasiperpendicular bow shock. The resulting dispersion relation is then interpreted as evidence that the waves are generated as a result of the dynamics of the shock front. The second, NARMAX, is used to investigate the linear and nonlinear processes if the plasma observed at a antiparallel shock. The results show that for a small amplitude whistler wavetrain, third order nonlinear interactions are only important at the interface between the shocklet and the wavetrain. For higher amplitude wavetrains, the phase of the linear term describing the plasma is shifted.


To help adults develop an awareness of midlife issues, to encourage personal acceptance of the transition, and to introduce appropriate coping skills, a speech communication course ',gas designed that relied cn river trip activities to develop insights about this passage. The vehicle for the seminar was a four-day raft trip down the Green River, sponsored by the Colorado Outward Bound School. Several months before the course, participants were informed about midlife transitions (changes in biological conditioning, the sequence of generations, and evolving careers) and given an annotated bibliography on midlife. During the course, group discussion drew attention to the analogies between the river passage and midlife transition: (1) the current of the river is like adult development which can be anticipated but never completely controlled, (2) submerged rocks below the surface of the river are like stressful periods in the transition that often present themselves first as smooth nonevents, and (3) the circular currents of water reflect the sense of limitless time .hen no progress appears possible. Specific attention was also given to the communication skills of listening, confrontation, and teamwork. One difficulty of the course, however, was that the timing and spacing of the seminar units were entirely dependent on the ability of the staff to predict and produce river activities that were meaningfully integrated with the seminar. Nevertheless, unsolicited letters from participants confirmed the value sf the course. (HOD) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** PASSAGES: RAFTING THE GREEN RIVER AS AN ANALOGY TO THE MID-LIFE TRANSITION U.S. DEPADTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICi This document has heel reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. . Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view o' opinions stated in this docu ment do not necessarily represent official NIE position or policy. Presented at the Speech Communication Association Annual Meeting Commission on Experiential Learning in Communication November, 1983 Washington, D.C. Myra W. Isenhart, Lay Faculty St. Thomas Theological Seminary Denver, CO 2 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Myra W. Isenhart TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." PASSAGES: RAFTING THE GREEN RIVER AS AN ANALOGY TO MID-LIFE An upsurge of interest in adult development is widely evidenced in both popular and scholarly publications.) Investigation of the mid-life transition, once a relatively taboo topic, accounts for a number of these publications. 2 Some communication departments are offering credit courses related to this topic, with titles such as "Communicative Passages," presented by one large midwestern university. Certain communication faculty members are presenting noncredit courses in adult development, such as "Mid-Life Challenge" and "Turning Points: Dealing With Change." Other faculty design and conduct training courses for organizations which include material on personal and/or professional development in different life periods. This paper describes the endeavor of one speech communication specialist to design and conduct a course on mid-life which relied on river trip activities to develop insights about this passage. The recency of efforts in this area suggests that many different concepts and instructional procedures might be explored. The goals of this particular seminar were to develop awareness of mid-life issues, to encourage personal acceptance of the transition, and to introduce appropriate coping skills. The vehicle for this experiential seminar was a four day raft trip clown the Green River, sponsored by the Colorado Outward Bound School. The Outward Bound School: Its Programs & Pedagogy The suitability of the river experience for mid-life issues is reinforced by the traditions of the Outward Bound program. Since its founding during World War II, Outward Bound has stressed the development of inner resources through physical as well as mental challenges. Through courses offered by 34 different schools in 17


Blade guard (120) for a circular saw blade. The blade guard includes at least two members (242) are coupled together. The blade guard further comprising at least a bottom plate (230) and at least one top cover (220), wherein said base plate is formed with a slot for receiving the saw blade. Further, the blade guard (220) includes means for coupling said base plate (230) and said top cover (220) a plurality of fastening rod, a plurality of fastening bars further configured to at least two members (242) secured to said at least one plate (230) and said at least one top cover (220).


Marginalization is one of the most important factors in unsustainable urban development. In general, this phenomenon originates from social and economical changes as well as uneven urbanization trend in Iran especially in the last half century. Urban development trend is an inevitable process and provides new opportunities for improving the quality of life. But this opportunity can be lost quickly and becomes an inefficient process and contrary to the goals of sustainable development. The accomplishment of this task requires review of planning and implementation of local, regional and national programs. If enough attention is not paid to the process of urban development then heavy social, political and environmental costs are expected in near future. This paper reviews marginalization and its formation causes in the city of Lahijan and studies the environmental and economical impacts of this phenomenon upon quality of life of city dwellers. First, current condition of Lahijan suburb including Yusefabad district and Khaloobagh by means of field survey (direct observations and personal interviews) from a sample of sixty marginal households is studied. This study then examines the required variables through 144 questionnaires (sample size) that have been filled by city officials and local urban dwellers. Using SPSS software, logistic regression and chi-square test data analysis has been carried out. Research findings show that marginalization in the form of slum dwelling or shanty towns are totally irrelevant and meaningless in Lahijan. Marginal dwellers of Lahijan have access to minimum low quality social facilities and utilities but they are considered as very effective factors on local urban life in the eyes of city officials and dwellers when it comes to the quality of surveyed economical, social and environmental indicators.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether companies with a greater commitment to corporate social responsibility (SRI companies) perform differently on the stock market compared to companies that disregard SRI. Over recent years, this relationship has been taken up at both a theoretical and practical level, and has led to extensive scientific research of an empirical nature involving the examination of the relationships existing between the financial and social, environmental and corporate governance performance of a company and the relationship between SRI and investment decisions in the financial market. More specifically, this work provides empirical evidence for the Spanish market as to whether or not belonging to a group of companies the market classes as sustainable results in return premiums that set them apart from companies classed as conventional, and finds no differences in the stock market performance of companies considered to be SRI or conventional.


Both clinical experience and academic research have long linked higher rates of some cancers to certain popular breeds, such as splenic tumors in (U.S.) golden retrievers1,2 and bone cancer in Rottweilers3,4. But does the size of a dog have a greater or lesser influence on increased relative risk for cancer claims? Do we see higher rates of cancer in large purebred dogs solely as a function of their breed genetics, or is there a primary size-related factor at work as well?


Women's presence at the July Monarchy Salon had become such a commonplace that critic A. Du Seudre used these remarks in the Journal des jeunes personnes of 1844 to launch his attack on an exhibition he saw as justly shunned by the public, characterized at best by luxurious frames and vivid colors. In citing the views of the bourgeoise and her daughters, Du Seudre nevertheless showed little faith in the wits of his magazine's potential readers to whom it offered a series of articles about the interesting works in this Salon of "uniform mediocrities." At the very least, the readers of the burgeoning number of magazines like Du Seudre's would learn enough about the iconography and formal value of these works to converse politely about the Salon. If such readers were astute, they would also come to understand the aesthetics that underlay discerning dismissals of the works of exhibitors: "Art must learn its limits," Du Seudre reminded his readers.2 The lucky young people targeted by his magazine would learn t...


Statement of the problem: There have been no studies examining a combination of behaviorally-based dietary education, resistance training, and Tai Chi on dietary quality and resilience. Objectives: To examine the effect of a behaviorally-based diet education, resistance training, and Tai Chi intervention on dietary quality as well as physical resilience in obese older women. Design: Community health outreach with a non-randomized quasi-experimental design. Setting: Urban senior center in Providence, Rhode Island. Participants: There were 33 women with mean age of 65 ± 8.2 years and BMI of 37.3 ± 4.6 kg/m 2 who were enrolled in the study at baseline however only 17 women in the intervention group and 9 women in the control group completed the study. Intervention: Participants engaged in 12 weeks of 45 minutes of Tai Chi 3 times per week, resistance training 2 times per week, and behaviorally-based dietary education once per week. The dietary education was based off of the modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and led by a registered dietitian. Measurements: Testing occurred at baseline and post-intervention. Dietary quality and nutrition risk were measured using the Dietary Screening Tool (DST), resilience was measured by the Resilience Scale, and physical resilience was examined using the Physical Resilience Scale. Results: Although there was no significant effect for dietary quality in terms of group and time (p=0.078), the proportion of variance that dietary quality is explained by the intervention was considered a large effect (partial eta 2 = 0.147). There was no change seen in resilience, however the intervention improved physical resilience (p=0.048, partial eta 2 = 0.17). Conclusion: A community health outreach that involved behaviorally-based dietary education, resistance training, and Tai Chi may promote higher dietary quality as well as improve physical residence in obese older women.


ABSTRACT The manuscript reports an efficient approach for the synthesis of biogenic silver (Ag) nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica leaf extract-mediated reduction of silver nitrate under solar radiation at mild temperature conditions for nanoparticles (NPs) preparation. Spectroscopic and electron microscopic characterization studies revealed the formation of stable and monodisperse Ag NPs with sharp absorption band at 438 nm and average diameter of 10–15 nm. Catalytic potential of the NPs was descriptively investigated for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in alkaline medium. Apparent rate constant () values were determined to be 0.014, 0.0238, 0.0338, 0.063, and 0.0794 at 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, and 50 µL Ag NPs volume, respectively, thereby depicting linear relationship between the variables under study. Catalytic reduction of Congo red dye was achieved within 2 h, thus validating the efficacy of Ag NPs as a photocatalyst. The NPs also exhibited linear increment in antibacterial activity on cultured Escherichia coli plates with increasing volumes. These catalytic capabilities firmly advocate the applications of Ag NPs in purification of polluted water by the removal of toxic and contaminant materials and harmful/pathogenic bacteria.


We propose a novel metamaterial-based waveguide coupler for use as a de-multiplexer at telecommunication wavelengths. This device consists of coupled dielectric microchannel waveguides, one of which has a dispersive core with an index of refraction that is negative within a narrow frequency band at telecommunication wavelengths. We study the near field coupling between the waveguides and demonstrate that an effective de-multiplexing of an input signal can be realized at telecommunication wavelengths. The proposed waveguide coupler is well suited for integrated circuitry and holds potential for multiwavelength de-multiplexing.


The person who has challenges not meeting needs due to the loss of his / her physical, mental and sensorial abilities to a certain extent on account of birth or any reason is defined as 'disabled' if any care or rehabilitation is required. These people have difficulty adapting to social life. Prostheses have been developed to ensure this compatibility. Today, by measuring directly from the patient, the production in place of the organ lost by the patient is carried out suitably. In this study, It was carried out to control muscle signals with EMG sensor prosthetic hand manufactured by a 3D printer. The movement of the fingers was performed by processing the signals received from the EMG sensor with a microcontroller and transmitting them to the servo motors in the form of meaningful values. Findings obtained were evaluated by comparison.


The gambling means that the propeties depend on the coincidence. We can instance the casino, the game of picture cards, the horse racing, the cycling race. A lottery card is included in gambling comprehensively, Furthermore acts such as betting money on a sports game and even buying stocks can be regarded as gambling besides typical types of gambling, Under existing law system such acts which are related in gambling and a lottery ticket regards as crimes. Those are punished by criminal law. It is only exceptional when someone enjoy gambling ``temporarily`` and when ``the illegality is exempted by a statute``. But it is true that ``legitimate gambling`` which is regarded as a exception has an obvious priority over ``illegal gambling`` which is regarded as principle. So the justice that illegal gambling has to be punished and the trust on the fairness of national law executions are challenged now. The thesis also analyzes various criminal responses to cyber gambling. In conclusion, gambling itself can not be accepted morally. But the idea that immoral act should be punished by severe criminal law at any cases seems to be very dangerous, nor is righteous. The legal solution for cybercrime is the applicable arrangement of the law to allow the search and seizure of computer as well as technical surveillance; to impose obligation to cooperate with investigating authorities; to promote the use of digital evidence and encryption; and to encourage consistent research, and training. Also, in order to deter cybercrime, international cooperation as well as the uniform legislation is critical. The thesis concludes that more feasible legislative countermeasures including criminal, social, and international actions is needed to prevent cybercrime. Moreover, it is important not only to update these countermeasure to accommodate the times and technology, but also increase the awareness among the general public. Recognition of the seriousness of cybercrime is the first step toward successful fight against such crimes.


BACKGROUND
Esophagitis and pneumonitis are the most important treatment complications and dose-limiting toxicities in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone or combined modality therapy.

METHODS
A literature research was performed to identify published articles relating clinical and dosimetric parameters associated with significant radiation pneumonitis (RP) and esophagitis in NSCLC patients treated with three-dimensional conformal RT.

RESULTS
Possible clinical parameters associated with acute and or late esophagitis are concurrent chemoradiation, hyperfractionated and accelerated radiation regimens, dysphagia and neutropenia during treatment. Mean dose <34 Gy is currently used as standard dosimetric recommendation. Addition of chemotherapy and hyperfractionation are also associated with the risk of pneumonitis. Both the V20 and the mean lung dose are used as dosimetric parameter to correlate with the risk of high-grade radiation pneumonitis.

CONCLUSIONS
A variety of clinical and dosimetric parameters have been associated with acute and late toxicity. Treatment consist mainly in symptomatic relieve. Further research is necessary, as many studies led to different and sometimes even contradictory results.


As in previous editions, the aim of this publication is to provide a comprehensive basic textbook for civil engineering students specialising in highways. Volume 1 covers the more general topics of highways and traffic. Chapters are provided on: a) the road in perspective; b) highway finance and administration; c) highway and traffic planning; D) parking; e) the assessment of road improvements; F) geometric design; g) road safety and management; and H) highway lighting. The whole text has been completely revised and updated for this new edition. For the covering abstract of volume 2 see IRRD 815400.


There have been rising concerns regarding the accuracy of measurements in turbulent channel flows, in particular, measurements of the skin-friction results. In the present study, two different methods, namely, mean streamwise pressure gradient (PG) and oil film interferometry (OFI), are used to estimate the wall skin-friction relation, cf = f(Rem), for fully developed turbulent plane-channel flow over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The channel skin-friction data are then fitted to the well-known logarithmic friction law, providing outstanding agreement with values for the constants of the logarithmic law of the mean velocity profile. A revised logarithmic skin-friction relation is developed, providing good agreement with our skin-friction results and data from the literature, when constants of the logarithmic friction relation adopted from the recent work of Zanoun et al (2003 Phys. Fluids 15 3079–89, 2005 4th Int. Conf. on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, HEAT2005, 19–22 September, Cairo, Egypt) are utilized. A new experimental channel facility is proposed, allowing measurements at high Reynolds numbers well beyond those achieved previously in laboratories, i.e. over five times the highest Rem reached in the present study, while maintaining sufficiently high spatial resolution.


The sustainability of an open source project is essential for the long-term and reliable development of software. Most existing studies focus on the recommendation accuracy of bug report assignment while ignoring inexperienced developers in the open source community. This gives inexperienced developers less opportunity to resolve bugs and can cause them to gradually lose interest in the development of open source software (OSS). To address this problem, this article proposes a novel approach called sustainable recommender (SusRec) to make sustainable report assignments without sacrificing accuracy. The SusRec approach is based on multimodal learning and ensemble learning, and it consists of two stages: the preprocessing stage and the developer scoring stage. In the preprocessing stage, the approach selects candidate developers who have participated in the resolution of bugs under the product of a new bug report. It then divides the candidate developers into three types—core developers, active developers, and peripheral developers—according to their experience. In the developer scoring stage, multimodal learning is adopted to score the three types of bug report–developer pairs, and ensemble learning is adopted to weight the scores of the three types of bug report–developer pairs and recommend developers for bug reports. We conduct extensive experiments using the bug repositories of the Eclipse and Mozilla projects to compare the proposed SusRec approach with the baseline methods in bug report assignment. The results demonstrate that the proposed SusRec approach cannot only improve the accuracy of developer recommendations for bug reports, but also the sustainability of OSS projects by providing more opportunities for active developers and peripheral developers to participate in bug resolution.


Genetic epistemological studies underlie the development of methodological proposals for education. In order to reach an inference about the cognitive structure of children and adolescents, experiments based on the Piagetian clinical method are performed with infralogical operations. In achieving these inferences, it is suggested to carry out chemistry experiments seeking representation of children and adolescents with respect to the actions and reactions of said experiments. In this study, we present for the first time in the literature correlations between the Piagetian clinical method and classic experiments performed in chemistry labs. Thus seeking the contributions of chemistry to explain phenomena and support the learning of children as an alternative to the education and consequentially development of children.


A collection of the Matlab routines that compute the values of the scaling and wavelet functions (&phis;(x) and ψ(x) respectively) and the derivative of an arbitrary function (periodic or non periodic) using wavelet bases is presented. Initially, the case of Daubechies wavelets is taken and the procedure is explained for both collocation and Galerkin approaches. For each case a Matlab routine is provided to compute the differentiation matrix and the derivative of the function f(d) = D(d)f. Moreover, the convergence of the derivative is shown graphically as a function of different parameters (the wavelet genus, D and the scale, J) for two test functions. We then consider the use of spline wavelets.


This study was aimed to determine the percentage (%) loss of vitamin C in green leafy vegetables due to the effects of different blanching times (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 15 minutes) and physical form (intact and cut). Four types of leafy vegetable, namely Chinese spinach (Amaranthus oleraceus L.), Chinese mustard (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis), Chinese white cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czem and Cosson), were selected from the main markets in Taman Kingfisher, Kota Kinabalu and blanched in boiling water at different time and physical form. The vitamin C content of the fresh vegetables and the loss of vitamin (%) in blanched vegetables were subsequently determined by indophenol titration method. The results of the study revealed that all the studied vegetable species possess different vitamin C content and its loss depends on the type of vegetables and blanching conditions. Blanching cause a significant (p Chinese white cabbage>Chinese spinach>lndian mustard. This is because Chinese mustard has broader leaves and higher surface to volume ratio. The effect of different blanching times on vitamin C loss was significant (p<0.05), in which there were always a significant (p<0.05) differences in vitamin C loss at different blanching
times of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 15, intact and cut, except for 6 and 8 minutes in both Chinese mustard and Chinese white cabbage. The % vitamin C loss of all the studied vegetables, due to blanching, is in the order of 15 minutes > 10 minutes > 8 minutes > 6 minutes > 4 minutes > 2 minutes. The effect of the vegetable's physical form on vitamin C loss was also significant (p<0.05), in which cut leaves were found to loose more vitamin C than intact ones. In view of this it could be concluded that blanching of vegetables though makes green leafy vegetables more palatable, however it reduces their antioxidant properties drastically. Therefore, it is advised that blanching vegetables at shorter time in an intact form may reduce the loss of vitamin C.


The nuclear properties of a new-pile lattice are usually studied either in a subcritical exponential assembly or in a critical mock-up of the lattice. An additional method has been developed at the Savannah River Laboratory that combines the small sample size of the exponential experiments with the speed and accuracy of the criticality measurements. A sample of test lattice, occupying only a small fraction of the pile volume, is put inside a critical assembly which uses a liquid moderator. Then the effect of the (((((((((Abstract unscannable))))))))))


The IRS revised the Internal Revenue Manual (IRM) providing guidance and clarification regarding the administrative review of FBAR penalties by the IRS Office of Appeals. The IRM is essentially the operational manual providing guidance and procedures for the various functions carried out by the IRS. The Office of Appeals serves as the administrative dispute resolution forum for any taxpayer contesting an IRS compliance action. It has long been Appeals' mission to "resolve tax controversies, without litigation, on a basis that is fair and impartial to both the Government and the taxpayer in a manner that will enhance voluntary compliance and public confidence in the integrity and efficiency of the Service." Post-assessed FBAR penalties in excess of $100,000 cannot be compromised by Appeals without approval of the Department of Justice (DOJ). See 31 USC 3711(a)(2) and 31 CFR §902.1(a) and (b). Once assessed, the FBAR penalty becomes a claim of the U.S. Government. Typically, the FBAR penalty case will usually be received in Appeals pre-assessment. However, upon request, Appeals will also conduct post-assessment hearings as provided in Title 31 CFR 5.4 and 900 to consider FBAR penalty liability and collection issues. ADR rights are not available for post-assessment FBAR penalty cases. However, Fast Track Settlement (FTS) is available for pre-assessed FBAR penalties only if the 30-Day Letter (Letter 3709) has not been issued. In FTS, the IRS Appeals Officer uses mediation techniques to focus issues and lead examiner and the taxpayer to determine the outcome of the dispute. If resolution is not reached through mediation, the Appeals mediator will propose a resolution, but such proposal is not imposed on either party. If FTS is unsuccessful in reaching a resolution, a taxpayer is not precluded from requesting traditional Appeals consideration.


ABSTRACT: Proflavine lotion is a commonly used topical antiseptic in the tropics, hut its sensitizing potential was never emphasized and many who developed allergic contact dermatitis were never aware of it. In a study of 45 patients, most presented with acute or subacute dermatitis which started on the arms and legs. Concomitant cutaneous sensitivity to other medicaments, and lanolin occurred in 66% of the patients.


A new high accuracy screen printing method (HADOP: High accuracy and dry on-demand printing) was designed and high resolution printing was achieved. HADOP printing plate and negative resist ink materials were optimized. Negative resist materials for the high resolution plate and an ink of acertain viscosity characteristic were selected,and high accuracy screen printing was obtained. The screen plate for HADOP was particularly improved by optimization of diameter and mesh angle of the wire, An ink of a high state of thixotropy was used because of great importance in flatness property of ink. As a result, the thixotropic ink could be fixed on a base side of plate after passing through the small patterning holes. The sharp imaging was performed by increasing the transferring ratio of ink. Thus, isolated lines of 40ƒÊm levels were completed by the HADOP method. A superior color filter of good color reproduction was developed by high transparency and high transmission factor of the ink constituents.


Sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) exploits sparse information from a Bayesian perspective by making sparse prior assumptions about the signal. It has good flexibility in modeling sparse signals and can also achieve good estimation results when the number of samples is low. In this letter, we propose a robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) method based on interference-plus-noise covariance matrix (INCM) reconstruction using SBL. This method derives the fixed point iteration formula of the signal under the Laplace prior distribution by maximizing the marginal likelihood function of the data received by the array. Then the sampling position of the coarse grid in the SBL model is regarded as an adjustable parameter, and it is refined through iteration. By using the superiority of SBL in modeling sparse signals, the steering vectors and power of the source signals are precisely estimated, and an accurate INCM is reconstructed to obtain a high output SINR. The only prior knowledge required is imprecise angular sector knowledge of the desired signal (DS). Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves near-optimal output SINR over a wide range of input SNR and a limited number of snapshots and even achieves good performance in the single snapshot situation.


Systematic review was performed to evaluate Ghanaian's knowledge, myths and misconception about tuberculosis and their impact on the country. Several themes were observed, and fear of infection appears to be the most common cause of stigma. Some regions and groups of people in Ghana record low level of knowledge about tuberculosis. The study revealed certain community norms that lead to stigmatization of tuberculosis victims, and are thought to hinder TB control in Ghana. TB is believed among some Ghanaians as a spiritual disease, whiles others also believe that the cause of the disease is an ancestral punishment and this imparts an attitude of not seeking medical care. A major setback to successful TB control in many Ghanaian societies is the stigma attached to the disease. Because of fear of infection, most Ghanaian community members harbor the view that TB patients should not mingle freely with people in the society, and they are also deprived of many public and social amenities. The cause of TB should not be misunderstood and treated as a mystery. The disease is curable; therefore health care providers and stakeholders should act as destigmatizers and empower the people by reaching them with mass health education to allay their fears about it. Comprehensive literature review on the topic was conducted from ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar.


"Risk-based decision making" has become an often-heard buzzword in Congress and government agency circles. The idea implies that policies based on scientific risk assessment—of human health or ecological risks—will be realistic, fair, and cost effective. But for policies developed through risk-based decision making to fulfill this promise, the foundations and endpoints for risk assessment must be properly conceived and relevant for sustaining critical societal needs. Environments in which living systems cannot sustain themselves cannot support human affairs. We therefore argue that the first, most important step for ecological risk assessment is to set biological endpoints; further, each step in ecological risk assessment should be informed by data from biological monitoring. The measurement endpoints (what is measured) and the assessment endpoints (the ecological goods and services society seeks to protect) must be explicitly biological. Ecological risk assessment will miss its mark if it relies on inappropriate surrogates—such as chemical measures assumed to reflect the health of a biota—or if it is only a veneer, a simple substitution of ecological terminology in another pollution-control or human health risk assessment process.


The purpose rests on studying functions of corn active polysaccharide in reducing weight and fat. The selected 80 mice (half male, half female) were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, adiposity model group, and corn active polysaccharide 3.50, or 1.75, or 0.88g/kg dose group. Each group except the control group was dosed once a day for 35 days and was weighed once every 7 days. Another 80 mice (half male, half female) were grouped,fed and weighed in the same way as the above 24 hours after the last dosage, the mice were killed, abdominal fat was weighed and the fat index number was calculated. Another 80 mice (half male, half female) were grouped, fed and weighed in the same way as the above 24 hours after the last exhibition, their eyeballs were removed and the blood was extracted. Its biochemical indexes were determined by HITACHI7080 auto analyzer. The results of test showed that: the corn active polysaccharide can obviously all reduce the adiposity mices' weight, fat index number, TC, TG, LDL and GLU, yet improve their HDL in blood serum, so the corn active polysaccharide possesses great functions in reducing weight and fat.


Since the beginning of the 1990s, France has attempted to deal with both the 'syndrome de Vichy' (Rousso, 1987) and the 'syndrome de l'Algérie' (Horne, 2001) so as to reconcile differences between official historio-graphy, individual/group memories and collective memory. This paper focuses on selected monuments (such as the December 2002 French memorial to the Algerian war), commemorations (such as the September 2001 Day of National Homage to the Harkis) and especially Jacques Chirac's presidential speeches (since 1995) with a view to analysing how these official verbal and symbolic measures have endeavoured to foster not only national reconciliation but also the historicisation of the Vichy years and the Algerian war in general and that of the plight of the Harkis in particular.


This paper describes a novel architecture to introduce automatic annotation and processing of semantic sensor data within context-aware applications. Based on the well-known state-charts technologies, and represented using W3C SCXML language combined with Semantic Web technologies, our architecture is able to provide enriched higher-level semantic representations of user's context. This capability to detect and model relevant user situations allows a seamless modeling of the actual interaction situation, which can be integrated during the design of multimodal user interfaces (also based on SCXML) for them to be adequately adapted. Therefore, the final result of this contribution can be described as a flexible context-aware SCXML-based architecture, suitable for both designing a wide range of multimodal context-aware user interfaces, and implementing the automatic enrichment of sensor data, making it available to the entire Semantic Sensor Web


Induction programmes for newly-qualified teachers generally involve some combination of four interlocking components: a mentoring system; an expert system; a peer system and a self-reflective system (European Commission 2010). One activity that is commonly used in the mentoring system is lesson observation. This article presents a comparative analysis of post-observation conversations held by two mentor-teacher dyads as part of teacher induction in Ireland. The analysis focuses on how both mentors support the teachers in the construction of their professionality. Doing so requires the right blend of professional, social and personal support, and depends on a high level of awareness and expertise on the part of the mentor. The article identifies certain key differences in the approaches of both, asn makes the case that this kind of analysis offers much potential for the professional development of mentors.


Health is essential in all forms of economic development. However, disparity across all aspects (geographic, gender, socioeconomics, etc.) hamper health service delivery and leads to inequity. This concern is critical, especially regarding access to essential health services, exacerbated in times of pandemic, more importantly in developing countries. To solve inequity, total alleviation and integration are critical to be implemented from all angles. This requires breaking down stigma across gender, geolocation, and economic disparity while designing and implementing effective policy instruments that address systemic inequity. OBJECTIVE This policy brief aims to recommend the G20 countries to minimize the impact of inequities that hamper essential health services delivery.


An 81 year old woman was referred to haematology with a six month history of fever, 7 kg weight loss, night sweats, and abdominal distension. She was otherwise fit and well; she had no travel history of note and did not smoke or drink alcohol.

On examination, she had massive splenomegaly palpable to the level of the umbilicus. The examination was otherwise normal and she had no palpable lymphadenopathy in the cervical, axillary, or inguinal regions.

Blood results showed haemoglobin 119 g/L (reference range 123-167), white blood cell count 68.0×109/L (3.5-11), lymphocytes 53.0×109/L (1.0-3.0), neutrophils 4.1×109/L (2.0-7.0), monocytes 6.8×109/L (0.2-1.0), and platelets 134×109/L (150-410). Urea, creatinine, and liver function tests were normal. A peripheral blood smear was performed (fig 1). Flow cytometry showed that 60% of total peripheral blood leucocytes were CD19, CD20, CD22, CD79b, CD25, CD11c, and CD103 positive surface immunoglobulin …


A study of herbarium material ofLepanthes indicates that there are at least 18 species on Cuba. The history of the collections and publications on the genus from the island is summarized, and a detailed key to the species is given. One new combination is proposed (L. blepharophylla) and the following species are described as new:L. acunae,L. dressleri,L. cubensis,L. grisebachiana,L. obliquiloba, andL. occidentalis, of which three are from western provinces and two have been associated with inappropriate names.L. mandibularis Reichb. f. is tentatively considered a synonym ofL. chrysostigma Lindl. although the type ofL. mandibularis could not be found. The range of variation included under the nameL. fulva Lindl. suggests that more than one species is involved.


In the 21 century, practicing engineers are working under conditions of rapid change, both in the technologies of engineering as well as in the contexts in which engineering is practiced. The "grand challenges" of today and of the future require a broad range of knowledge and skills, and the capacity to connect engineering with other sectors. To respond, universities must educate engineers who understand engineering principles at fundamental levels, but who also have nimble design and process skills. This paper presents findings from a research project that developed, implemented and evaluated new diversity-attracting integrative pedagogies intended to tap into the motivations and values that engineering students bring to their work and study. Our initiative responds both to the changing demands on engineers and to ongoing efforts to increase the retention of women in the profession. Our research findings show the importance of narratives in fostering the reflective practice that can underpin both a sense of identity as an engineer and professional sustainability.


A measurement and analysis system for drawing die hole based on Samsun ARM920T core system was introduced.The system which taking an embedded Linux system as the operating platform can measure both mold geometry and cone angle of different position as the mould required.


In this paper, we propose a method of position control for an underwater vehicle using a monocular camera. The proposed method does not require an expensive inertial measurement unit (IMU) and uses template matching to track the underwater target and calculate the amount of vehicle movement. The vehicle is then controlled on the basis of the amount of movement. In this paper, we compare the typical similarity calculation methods of template matching, sum of squared differences (SSD), normalized cross-correlation (NCC), and zero-mean normalized cross-correlation (ZNCC), and investigate which has the greatest accuracy underwater. We also compare proportional (P) control and proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control as vehicle control methods. The results showed that ZNCC was the most accurate in detecting the target and that PID control was about 30% more accurate than P control.


Abstract The size of Atlantic cod eggs declines during the spawning season, and the potential effects of this on larval development were studied. Eggs from 12 females were artificially fertilized and incubated in separate aquaria. Egg diameter was correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with egg dry weight. The standard length of unfed larvae continued to increase a few days beyond yolk exhaustion, whereas the increase in muscle tissue (myotome height) reached its maximum at the time of yolk exhaustion. Egg dry weight was significantly correlated with larva dry weight, standard length, myotome height, and the size of the mouth gape. The ability of larvae to capture artemia nauplii was related to the size of their mouth gape, itself a function of larval size. Atlantic cod larvae from large eggs may survive the shift to exogenous feeding better than those from small eggs. Late-spawned Atlantic cod larvae may have a lower survival potential than those spawned earlier in the season.


This letter presents an active phase shifter providing a quasi-constant transmission (S21) phase over a wide frequency range. The active phase shifter consists of positive and negative inductance/capacitance(L/C). The transmission phase of the positive L/C is compensated by that of the negative L/C along the frequency. The active phase shifter was implemented in IBM 7RF 180 nm CMOS technology. The measured transmission phase ranged between -70° and -110° with a minimum phase variation of 10°, and the insertion loss ranged between 4 and 6 dB from 1.2 to 2.8 GHz. The size of the core chip was 650 × 800 μm2 .


Introduction Reception theory is commonly used to designate a direction in literary criticism developed by professors and students at the University of Constance in West Germany during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The School of Constance advocated turning to the reading and reception of literary texts instead of to traditional methods that emphasize the production of texts or a close examination of texts themselves. To this extent its approach is related to reader-response criticism as it appeared in the United States during these same years, although the School of Constance for a time was much more homogeneous in its theoretical presuppositions and general outlook than its American counterpart. Also known as 'The Aesthetics of Reception' ( Rezeptionsasthetik ), the approach developed by the School dominated literary theory in Germany for about a decade. It was virtually unknown in the English-speaking world until around 1980 when it was made more readily accessible by a number of translations of the most seminal works. Hans Robert Jauss (1921– ) and Wolfgang Iser (1926– ) are the two most original theorists of the Constance School, although several of Jauss' students, among them Rainer Warning, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Wolf-Dieter Stempel and Karlheinz Stierle, also made important contributions to this branch of theory. In response to the writings of Jauss and Iser, scholars from the German Democratic Republic such as Robert Weimann, Claus Trager, Manfred Naumann, and Rita Schober raised objections to some propositions and suggested Marxist alternatives, and the most productive East–West postwar dialogue in literary theory involved issues of reception and response.


Abstract : The study was conducted to determine the effects of simulated task loads that prevented observers from devoting all of their time to searching a radar display for targets of opportunity. Task loads taking up 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of an observers' screen viewing time during 30-minute trials were simulated by turning display on and off in a programmed random pattern. Forty SAC radar navigator-bombardiers were randomly assigned to the four viewing conditions. They viewed a 5-inch wide strip of high resolution, coherent SLR film projected on a 14-inch-square display screen. The radar picture, displayed at an image scale of 1:130,000, depicted a strip of terrain 25-nautical-miles wide and traveled from the top to the bottom of the screen at a simulated aircraft speed of 1300 knots, or 12.3 inches/minute. The number of correct responses and the number of false responses were approximately linear functions of accumulated viewing time. Mean distance traveled down the screen by targets and nontargets prior to responses was also significantly affected by viewing time, with the greatest increase in travel occurring when total viewing time was reduced from 75% to 50%. Since the numbers of correct and false responses decreased in approximately the same proportion with each decrease in viewing time, overall accuracy of responses was nearly constant for all viewing times. (Author)


Objective To investigate the effect of estrogen substitution therapy to quality of life on climacterium male.Methods All 54 cases of climacterium male were selected and treated with small dose estrogen substitution,unwell symptom and quality of life were evaluated with Kupperman scale and grading quality of life scale(GQOLI) after and before treatment.Results Incidence rate of hectic fever,restlessness,illegitimate sex life,insomnia and lassitude in climacterium male were decreased after treatment,scale of somatic function,role function,society function,communication abiliity and whole quality of life were incerasing after treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Dose estrogen substitution can improve the unwell symptom and increase quality of life in climacterium male.


Advanced mobile networks are expected to provide omnipresent broadband access to a continuously growing number of mobile users. LTE system represents 4G mobile network. The key feature thereof is the adoption of advanced Radio Resource Management procedures in order to increase the system performance up to Shannon's limit. Packet scheduling mechanisms, in particular, play a fundamental role, because they are responsible for choosing, with fine time and frequency resolutions, how to distribute scarce radio resources among different mobile stations, taking into account channel conditions and QoS requirements. This objective should be accomplished by providing an optimal trade-off between spectral efficiency and fairness. In this context, this paper proposes customized packet scheduling algorithm designed to adaptively alter scheduling schemes considering multiple input variables in order to maximize spectral efficiency as well as overall system performance.


A controlled study of 184 patients some of whom underwent unilateral or bilateral vasectomy either before or after prostate enucleation showed an overall low incidence of postoperative epididymo-orchitis in all groups whether or not the vas was ligated. The incidence increased where the vas was not tied. Although no evidence suggested that vasectomy before enucleation confers any advantage over that performed after enucleation there was little to suggest that preoperative urinary tract infection caused a greater incidence of postoperative epididymo-orchitis.


In this paper, the multi‐tasking optimal control problem is addressed in the delta‐domain for a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with external disturbances. A delta‐domain model is proposed to describe the NCSs with random packet dropouts and long‐time delay, and the so‐called ε‐Nash equilibrium is employed to quantify the impacts from the disturbances on the underlying NCSs. The multi‐tasking optimal control strategies are developed and the upper bound for the ε‐Nash equilibrium is provided explicitly. Some simulation results on the two‐area load frequency control system are given to show the validity and applicability of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


For geographic information systems, map-based user interface is commonly used since locations close-by are shown together. In order to realize advanced functions, use of relationships between locations is very important. As a relationship, we will use (1)co-occurence of location names, and (2)similarity between two vectors. Each vector shows locations co-occurring with each location. We have developed a graphical user interface using open source graph generation tool TouchGraph. We showed that the system using (2) above is better than (1).


Plastic deformation of a single crystal is a manifestation of the motion and interactions of dislocations in the crystal bulk. Typically, crystal dislocations are very large in number and their motion and interactions are of statistical nature. Therefore, the concepts of statistical mechanics can be applied to develop models for the spatio-temporal evolution of dislocations. The starting point is to represent dislocations by phase space densities and develop equations of motion for these densities. Here, we use a topological invariant given by the integral of the dislocation density tensor over the crystal volume to develop a set of Liouville-type kinetic equations describing the evolution of dislocation phase densities on all slip systems in a deforming crystal. Under the condition of finite deformation, two variants of these kinetic equations are developed: in the reference and spatial frames. In either case, the kinetic equations are similar to the classical Boltzmann equation. Hence, we discuss the possibility of development of hydrodynamic equations governing the transport of dislocations and derivation of crystal properties relevant to plastic deformation via a treatment of the kinetic equations in the spirit of Chapman-Enskog expansion of Boltzmann equation of the classical kinetic theory.


Jörg Rüpke has been a key figure in the recent major project, Römische Reichsreligion und Provinzialreligion. This has produced a number of substantial publications (e.g., Rüpke, ed. Antike Religionsgeschichte in räumlicher Perspektive [Mohr Siebeck, 2007]). In English, he is best known for editing A Companion to Roman Religion (Blackwell, 2011). In the present book, Superstition or Individuality?, he asks how we should model the phenomenon of variety of religious practice in the Roman Empire. Given that there were major, officially sanctioned public cults, how was people's practice of other cults viewed? Where did it cross over into behaviour viewed as being deviant, and regulated as such? The book is in six chapters. Chapter 1 looks at concepts of religious deviance in Roman antiquity, considering superstitio and a sociological definition of deviance. Chapter 2 considers production of religious norms in the late Republic. Chapter 3 focuses on images (literally and metaphorically) of the gods. Chapter 4 moves onto normative discourse in Late Antiquity. Chapter 5 considers the place of the individual in this sphere. Chapter 6 constructs Rüpke's model. The model is, broadly speaking, of religious individuation as an inherent aspect of socialization and not something that the Roman Empire initially constrained, beyond areas where it was seen as producing criminality. The intolerance of deviance, however, becomes more pronounced during the third-century struggles and then in the Christian fourth century. This is a valuable study, full of useful sources and nuanced argument on a topic important to study of early Christianity.


This paper shows that standard Schumpeterian theory does not imply that the incumbent monopolist has too little incentive to carry out R&D aimed at displacing its own product. If the patent holder is rational as is any other R&D investor, she will know that in equilibrium her patent's obsolescence shall not be affected by her own R&D investment, because all the R&D firms operate under perfect competition and constant returns to scale at the private level. This reconciles Schumpeterian theory with the empirical evidence on innovation by incumbents. It is proved that the usual macroeconomic implications maintain their validity.


Adrenal tumours are rare neoplasm. The prevalence of adrenal tumours is estimated to be 3% in those older than 50 years and 6% in those older than 60 years. Diagnostic work-up should assess autonomous hormone production and differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. In 19 patients presenting with adrenal tumours from 2010-2020, 9 (47.4%) were male patients and 10 (52.6%) female patients with a mean age of 44.6 years. Presenting complaints include headache and hypertension in 8 (42.1%) patients, pain abdomen in 4 (21.1%) patients, incidentally diagnosed in 5 (26.3%) patients and 2 (10.5%) patients presented with mass per abdomen. Pheochromocytoma was seen in 10 (52.6%) patients, adrenocortical carcinoma was seen in 5 (26.3%) patients, adenoma was seen in 3 (15.8%) patients each and angiomyolipoma was seen in 1 (5.3%) patient. Open adrenalectomy was done in 13 (68.4%) patients and laparoscopic adrenalectomy was done in 5 (26.3%) patients. One patient presented with multiple metastases and was inoperable. Adrenal tumours are rare neoplasms often presenting with nonspecific symptoms. The majority are non-functioning tumours with an incidence in the 5th or 6th decade. In our study pheochromocytoma is most common followed by adrenocortical carcinoma. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is now the gold standard for small and medium-sized tumours.


Project Managers often face challenging technical, schedule and budget issues. This presentation will explore how the Ares I-X Roll Control System Integrated Product Team (IPT) mitigated challenges such as concurrent engineering requirements and environments and evolving program processes, while successfully managing an aggressive project schedule and tight budget. IPT challenges also included communications and negotiations among inter- and intra-government agencies, including the US Air Force, NASA/MSFC Propulsion Engineering, LaRC, GRC, KSC, WSTF, and the Constellation Program. In order to successfully meet these challenges it was essential that the IPT define those items that most affected the schedule critical path, define early mitigation strategies to reduce technical, schedule, and budget risks, and maintain the end-product focus of an "unmanned test flight" context for the flight hardware. The makeup of the IPT and how it would function were also important considerations. The IPT consisted of NASA/MSFC (project management, engineering, and safety/quality) and contractors (Teledyne Brown Engineering and Pratt and Whitney Rocketdyne, who supplied heritage hardware experience). The early decision to have a small focused IPT working "badgelessly" across functional lines to eliminate functional stove-piping allowed for many more tasks to be done by fewer people. It also enhanced a sense of ownership of the products, while still being able to revert back to traditional roles in order to provide the required technical independence in design reviews and verification closures. This presentation will highlight several prominent issues and discuss how they were mitigated and the resulting Lessons Learned that might benefit other projects.


This paper explores the impact of adequately sizing HPWH units based on field installations and data collected from sites in the southeastern United States. Utilities may consider offering incentives for HPWHs based on tank size or estimated flow rates rather than technology type. To maximize the value to utilities, adequate sizing of HPWH units based on gallon per day (gpd) usage is impressive.


The new EDP Machine Logic and Control Simulator, LOCS, is designed to facilitate the simulation of data processing systems and logic on the IBM 7090 Data Processing System. With this simulator, it will be possible to operate and execute commands in a manner comparable to that of a hardware version of the machine being simulated. The inputs to LOCS consist of a description, coded in LOCS language, of the machine to be simulated and a set of test programs coded in either the procedure language of the test problems (e.g., FORTRAN), or in the instruction language of the simulated machine. If a procedure language is used, a suitable translator program coded in machine language must be included to translate the test programs into machine code. The outputs of LOGS consist of the performance statistics, computation results, and diagnostic data which are relevant to both the test programs and the design of the simulated machine. This paper first describes the LOCS System including a description of LOCS inputs and outputs as well as an outline of the procedure one must follow to use LOCS. Next, the method of using LOCS is illustrated by an example of the complete simulation of a simple conventional binary data processing machine; and following this, a summary of current status.


As a biodiesel by-product, glycerol is a potential re-newable building block for sustainable chemistry.[1] It is a C3 platform molecule, potentially leading to several interesting iso-carbon chemicals such as propanediols, lactic acid, acrylic acid, etc. It can also be seen a prototypical polyalcohol: results achieved with this substrate could be extended to higher polyols such as glucose, starch, etc.

The hydrogenolysis reaction catalyzed by a transition metal solid catalyst in basic conditions is a potential way to transform glycerol into important chemicals.[2] Several parameters could play a role in the control of the reaction selectivity: nature of the metal catalyst, pH of the solution, nature of the atmosphere, temperature and pressure, etc. Those parameters have been probed experimentally. In particular, we will compare activities and selectivities achieved in the presence of rhodium or iridium catalyst under inert or reductive atmosphere.

Moreover, to govern the catalyst design towards highly selective processes, a better insight into the reaction mechanism is still lacking. The two main hypothesis on the first step is either a dehydrogenation step, either a dehydration step. In agreement with experimental results, theoretical studies at the DFT level sustain the first step beeing a dehydrogenation step. We will detail the mechanism on Rh(111) and discuss the role of the metal catalyst.

[1] A. Behr, J. Eilting, K. Irawadi, J. Leschinski, F. Lindner, Improved utilisation of renewable resources: New important derivatives of glycerol, Green Chemistry, 2008, 10, 13-30
[2] J. Chaminand, L. Djakovitch, P. Gallezot, P. Marion, C. Pinel and C. Rosier, Glycerol hydrogenolysis on heterogeneous catalysts, Green Chemistry, 2004, 6, 359-361.


Multimodal medical imaging has become incredibly common in the area of biomedical imaging. Medical image classification has been used to extract useful data from multimodality medical image data. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Computed tomography (CT) are some of the imaging methods. Different imaging technologies provide different imaging information for the same part. Traditional ways of illness classification are effective, but in today's environment, 3D images are used to identify diseases. In comparison to 1D and 2D images, 3D images have a very clear vision. The proposed method uses 3D Residual Convolutional Neural Network (CNN ResNet) for the 3D image classification. Various methods are available for classifying the disease, like cluster, KNN, and ANN. Traditional techniques are not trained to classify 3D images, so an advanced approach is introduced in the proposed method to predict the 3D images. Initially, the multimodal 2D medical image data is taken. This 2D input image is turned into 3D image data because 3D images give more information than the 2D image data. Then the 3D CT and MRI images are fused and using the Guided filtering, and the combined image is filtered for the further process. The fused image is then augmented. Finally, this fused image is fed to 3DCNN ResNet for classification purposes. The 3DCNN ResNet classifies the image data and produces the output as five different stages of the disease. The proposed method achieves 98% of accuracy. Thus the designed modal has predicted the stage of the disease in an effective manner.


Slavery exists in modern forms in the contemporary society. Such activities as human trafficking for prostitution or forced labour are rampant in the society today. Communication is crucial to the creation of awareness against any form of vice in the society, including modern slavery. This paper examines the critical role of trado-modern communication media in achieving communication objectives targeted at modern slavery in contemporary society. It adopts the analytical approach in discussing how the interface between traditional and modern communication channels could be harnessed to check the alarming trend of modern slavery in contemporary society. It recommends among others, that change agents and anti-slavery crusaders should acquaint themselves with the workings/operations of the trado-modern media with a view of successfully adopting this multi-media approach in achieving set objectives. Key words : Slavery, Modern slavery, Trado-modern media


-_--____-___________________ Introduction________________________ Purpose of this report-____________ Location of the area______________ Acknowledgments ________________ Problems when recharging through wells_ Air entrainment__________________ Water temperature and viscosity. __ Suspended material in water _______ Micro-organisms---_ _ _____________ Interpretation of recharge data_-___ Conclusions. _ __---_---_-_____________ References cited._____________________ Fl 1 2 2 3 3 3 8 12 16 17 22 24


Taking Pan Yangtze River Delta( PYRD) as an example,this paper focuses on analyzing structural transformation and pattern evolution process of steel industry and the main influential factors. The results show that in PYRD the scale of steel industry has expanded rapidly and the product quality and industrial organization method have been improved constantly; and the industrial concentration degree has presented the trend of rise first and then drop but the concentration degrees of pig iron and crude steel are much higher than that of finished steel product.Jiangsu has become the province enjoying the highest concentration degree of steel industry,displacing Shanghai. Market demand,port location,technical level,enterprise strategy,and policy condition have become the major factors affecting the spatial layout of steel industry.


It took me a shade under four minutes (3 min 58.8 s) to suggest an alternative answer to the question posed by Dr Stern in …


Currently, there are in excess of 10 million people in the United Kingdom aged over 65 with this number predicted to rise to 19 million by 2050; over this period the USA will see an increase from 70 to 80 million, and in the Czech Republic the population aged 60+ is forecast to rise from 23.7% to 40.1%. The past decade has seen the rapid development of scholarship into active ageing, yet research into how older adults perceive adventure sports has been lacking and indicates a need for investigation in this direction. The aim of this study was to discover how outdoor sport, specifically climbing, is conceptualized by older adults aged 65-74 and used a purposive sample that was able to offer a meaningful perspective of what it means to be an active climber in 'young-old' age. This pilot study used interview questionnaires with climbers (n=8) with an average age of 70.2 climbing regularly in the north of England. Themes were identified through manual data handling and internal and external checking carried out. Initially, four main themes emerged: the maintenance of physical and mental health and fitness; maintaining social contact; enjoying the natural environment; and, generating a meaningful identity. .


A rapid method for measurement of lactic acid in refrigerated ground beef was developed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an Aminex HPX-87H ion exclusion column. The method was compared with an existing gas chromatography procedure. Nine samples of ground beef, consisting of three grades based on fat content, were tested over six days of aerobic and two weeks of anaerobic storage. No significant difference was found in reproducibility between the two methods as measured by their variance. There also was no significant difference between the variances for grade of beef or for duration of aerobic or anaerobic storage. The following equation was developed to relate the two methods: GC =−138.43 + 1.1254 (HPLC).


The paper initially discusses the concept of the Muslim World and highlights on the predicaments facing them in relation to socio-economic growth and development. The second part of the paper reviews the significance of construction to an economy focusing on the economies of the countries of the Muslim World. The outcome of the review suggests the construction sector in most of the countries have been performing below par so much so that they are acting as among the constraints in effort towards promoting and sustaining the countries' socio-economic growth and development. The third part of the paper reviews the state of construction related training and education in the countries of the Muslim World focusing on training at tertiary levels. The outcome of the review suggests that credible and sufficient training programs and institutions to develop indigenous construction related skills and expertise are lacking and in some countries almost non-existence. Construction is significant to a country's economy, irrespective of the country's levels of socio-economic growth and development. It has been established that construction is more important to a developing country than to a developed country, notably due to the fact that construction provides the basic infrastructure that the developing country urgently requires in order to promote and sustain socio-economic growth and development. Acknowledging the connection between construction and socio-economic growth and development and the lack of capacity in the indigenous construction related skills and expertise, the fourth and final part of the paper proposes and discusses several strategies, the key strategy being the establishment of credible tertiary educational institutions dedicated to the studies of construction and construction related programs for the countries of the Muslim World. The paper concludes with a key recommendation and justifications on why Malaysia – in particular International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) – is considered the most ideal candidate to kick-start the initiative to set up the Muslim World's first dedicated and construction focused tertiary institution.


Nowadays business processes are main concern in enterprises systems. The growing systems affect business process changes. Business processes always grow in order to fulfill the business activities. In this paper, we use a graph model called Petri Nets to analyze complex business processes. A Petri Net is the most usable model which often represents a process system in business concerns or others. Business processes are modeled using Petri Nets; then, the Petri Nets are separated into simpler fragments in order to make the analysis easier. In this context, we propose a method for developing an effective and efficient workflow repository system by using minimal functional subnet concept for generating common workflow in Petri Nets models. Thus process could lead to compose a new workflow. The results show that a complex business process can be decomposed into functional subnets which are smaller as well as simpler fragments of a complex business process. Then, the functional subnets are classified based on control-flow patterns in order to identify subnet roles in work-flow management. Later, we extract common fragments of functional subnets and use them for composing a new models of Petri Nets workflow required by user.


Abstract : In an optical digital communication system, an accurate clock signal must be available at the receiver to provide proper synchronization with the transmitted signal. Phase synchronization is especially critical in M-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) systems where the optimum decision scheme is an energy detector which compares the energy in each of M time slots to decide which of M possible words was sent. A timing error causes energy spillover into adjacent time slots (a form of intersymbol interference) so that only a portion of the signal energy may be attributed to the correct time slot. This effect decreases the effective signal, increases the effective noise, and increases the probability of error. This report simulates a timing subsystem for a satellite- to-satellite optical PPM communication link. The receiver employs direct photodetection, preprocessing of the optical signal, and a phase-locked loop for timing synchronization. The photodetector output is modeled as a filtered, doubly stochastic Poisson shot noise process. The variance of the relative phase error is examined under varying signal strength conditions as an indication of loop performance, and simulation results are compared to theoretical relations.


Objective: We determined the expression of apoptosic correlative genes after spinal cord compression injury, to study the molecular mechanism of neuronal apoptosis. Methods: Following a controlled, moderate degree compression injury to the lower thoracic spinal cord (T 8、9 ), rats were killed at 30min,2,4,8,24,48 or 72 hours after injury (n=6 per group). Three segments of every spinal cord were cut for morphological studies, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization methods. Results: Proteins Bax expressed at 4h after spinal cord injury. But Bcl 2 immunoreactivity was present in the lesion region with low expression, and bcl 2 mRNA without expression. Conclusion: There exist high expression of apoptosic correlative genes bax after spinal cord injury, it may play an important role in induction of neuronal cells to apoptosis.


On January 10, 1932, Western Springs, Illinois, began using softened water from the new municipal plant. This western suburb of Chicago obtains its water supply from two wells about 375 feet deep in the Niagara limestone, which yields a very hard water in this particular locality, the total hardness being 900 parts per million. Water is now delivered to the consumers iron-free and with a total hardness of about 125 parts per million. It is comparable for household use with filtered Lake Michigan water, and compares favorably with the better quality public water supplies of the central west. The cost of softening is approximately 22 cents per 1000 gallons, including fixed charges, with the plant operating an average of three and one-half hours a day.