ABSTRACT Aim: FRAME was a prospective observational study of patients (pts) receiving platinum (plt)-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment (FLT) for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) across Europe between 2009 and 2012. Methods: The study primary objective of overall survival was previously reported. Here, we describe the association between baseline characteristics and the physician's choice of a cisplatin (cis) or carboplatin (cb) backbone for FLT observed in FRAME. The distribution of baseline characteristics was compared by t-test or k2-test and summarized by propensity of receiving cb estimated by logistic regression. Cohorts were matched by propensity score; survival for matched pts was compared using Kaplan-Meier approach. Results: In total, 1520 pts received either cis (n = 825) or cb (n = 695) in combination with either: pemetrexed, gemcitabine, taxanes or vinorelbine, and were analyzed here. Pts prescribed cb were on average older, had worse ECOG PS and were more likely to have squamous histology than pts who received cis (Table 1); they also had more pre-existing conditions (cardiovascular p Cis (n = 825) Cb (n = 695) p-value ≥70 yrs (%) 15 47 ECOG PS (%) Gr 0-1 Gr 2-3 87 12 77 22 FLT (+plt) (%) pemetrexed (n = 567) gemcitabine (n = 360) taxanes (n = 293) vinorelbine (n = 300) 47 23 9 21 26 24 31 19 Histology (%) Squamous (sq) Non-sq 23 75 26 70 .031 Conclusions: FRAME observed that age, ECOG PS, pre-existing conditions and pathological diagnosis have strong associations with the choice of cis or cb in FLT for advanced or metastatic NSCLC across Europe. Disclosure: D. Moro-Sibilot: Consulting fees from Eli Lilly and Company, Roche, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim France, Amgen; J. De Castro Carpeno: Speakers Bureau for Roche; Advisory board for Eli Lilly and Company, Roche and Pfizer; K. Kmak-Lesniewski: Invited speaker for Eli Lilly, Roche, Astra Zeneca, GSK, Amgen; J.G. Aerts: Research grant from and Consultant for Eli Lilly and Company. Advisory board for Eli Lilly and Company, Roche Genentech and BMS; R. Villatoro: Speaker fee from Jansen, Pfizer; K. Kraaij: Employee and stockholder of Eli Lilly and Company; K. Nacerddine: Employee and stockholder of Eli Lilly and Company; Y. Dyachkova: Employee and stockholder of Eli Lilly and Company; K. Smith: Employee of Eli Lilly and Company; A. Girvan: Employee and stockholder of Eli Lilly and Company; C.M. Visseren-Grul: Employee and stockholder of Eli Lilly and Company; P.A. Schnabel: Speakers Bureau for AstraZeneca, InterMune, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche. Advisory board for AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, Roche. Prior research funding from Eli Lilly and Company. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


We present the design, simulation and experimental analysis of a miniaturized device that can generate multiple circulated jet flows by actuation of a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) diaphragm and develop an angular rate sensor. The flows in the device were studied using three-dimensional transient numerical simulation with the programmable open source OpenFOAM and was verified by the experimental result. Each flow is sensed by two hotwires mounted at two positions inside each consisting chamber. The experiment confirmed that the flow was successfully created, and it demonstrated good agreement with the simulation. Moreover, the experiment proves the device can be used as a microfluidic gyroscope to detect angular rate due to the deflection of flow occurred when device is applied with rotation speeds.


A 41-year-old woman presented to our outpatient dermatological clinic with a 31-year history of multiple yellowish papules on the labia majora, which had progressively increased in size and number. The lesions were initially asymptomatic, but had started to become painful and uncomfortable during sexual intercourse over the past three years. Multiple yellowish papules on the labia majora Case for Diagnosis


industry, after that of agriculture the most important in the country, the one The manufacture of textiles was transferred to the sources of power, towns grew up without plan, houses were built without supervision or regulation, great masses ofpeople gathered together without regard to health, decency or comfort, and soil, air and were polluted without restriction. The rural-urban population movement was rapid and continuous; the population of England and Wales increased by 47 per cent between i Boi and I83I and the rural labourer, who numbered two to every one town workman 1790, only numbered one to every two of the latter in The resultant however, caused a reaction; the humanitarian movement among other attacked the conditions that caused to the and which led to one in every thirty persons in the however, was the more potent spur; disease is no respecter ofpersons and as the well-to-do were endangered by the conditions of the poor, the repeated visitations of cholera and other diseases were valuable auxiliaries on the side of reform..


Azomethine ylides generated in situ from L-proline (II) and aryl aldehydes (III) add regioselectively to VBP (I) to give the corresponding heterocyclic bisphosphonates (IV) as a mixture of diastereomers.


Based on the basic situation of the construction of the urban ecosystem around the city, this paper pointed out the basic ideas and the steps, construction principles and methods, building requirements and standards, the embodiment and safeguard mechanism of Jincheng city ecosystem construction, then the existing problems and solving methods of greening aspect in engineering construction are put forward.


La0.75Sr0.25MnO3 particles were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at synthesis temperatures of 1173, 1273, and 1473 K, a reaction time of 9.4 S, and a source solution concentration of 0.5 mol L−1. The particles produced generated heat in the AC magnetic field, and particle temperature increased quickly with time, attaining constant Thmax values of 312, 327, and 353 K. These Thmax values enclosed the temperature range for hyperthermia (316–318 K). Their Curie temperatures Tc evaluated were 314, 329, and 358 K. Thmax increased linearly with increasing Tc and the values obtained were almost similar to Tc.


Automatic detection of facial features in an image is important stage for various facial image interpretation work, such as face recognition, facial expression recognition, 3Dface modeling and facial features tracking. Detection of facial features like eye, pupil, mouth, nose, nostrils, lip corners, eye corners etc., with different facial expression and illumination is a challenging task. In this paper, we presented different methods for fully automatic detection of facial features. Viola-Jones' object detector along with haar-like cascaded features are used to detect face, eyes and nose. Novel techniques using the basic concepts of facial geometry, are proposed to locate the mouth position, nose position and eyes position. The estimation of detection region for features like eye, nose and mouth enhanced the detection accuracy significantly. An algorithm, using the H-plane of the HSV color space is proposed for detecting eye pupil from the eye detected region. FEI database of frontal face images is mainly used to test the algorithm. Proposed algorithm is tested over 100 frontal face images with two different facial expression (neutral face and smiling face). The results obtained are found to be 100% accurate for lip, lip corners, nose and nostrils detection. The eye corners, and eye pupil detection is giving approximately 95% accurate results.


Book review of:Business English 3.0: Hands-on Online and Virtual Collaboration TasksBy Ana Sevilla-Pavón and Anna NicolaouEditorial Comares 2019ISBN: 978-84-9045-795-5172 pages


The post‐Communist countries of the Black Sea region are divided into two groups – 'leaders' (those which are members of the European Union [EU]) and 'outsiders' (those which are still far from European standards of market economy). The role of the human factor in delaying economic reforms and that of the modern financial crisis are discussed. For energy cooperation in the region, it is very important to change the language of 'alternative pipelines' to 'pipeline harmonization', given that the purpose is to develop a partnership mechanism to facilitate and harmonise the support of energy suppliers in response to the identified needs of the particular countries.


Introduction: Evaluate the effectiveness of an active music therapy (MT) process, paying particular attention to how to use the instruments, through the observation direct and participant; enhancement of capacity remaining and specific evaluation of certain cognitive, functional and behavioural parameters included in a specific observation grid ad hoc, compiled after each session, for a total duration of ten sessions.Methodology: Two groups of five patients with moderate/severe dementia and other diseases, treated with active MT sessions once a week; use of ORFF instruments and free choice of that instruments; use of nonverbal language within sessions.Case presentation: Whole patients who participate to this work have a successful outcome, in the reduction of anxiety and increasing of social relations; presentation of graphics regarding the observation grid previously explained (complete set of data comparison for each patient).Discussion: The results obtained are reflected on the fact that patients who p...


This paper argues that youth studies should return to the political. It does so through emphasizing the importance of age in youth to the state and to the political management of capitalist social relations. Through a process of critique, this paper argues that the neglect of age to contemporary orthodox youth studies is a consequence of its misplaced and unsustainable concern with youth as a process of 'growing up'; and that where connections are made between the state, age and youth, these remain incoherent and poorly developed. By way of mapping out the basis for an alternative, this paper advocates the need to derive age and youth from their broader significance to the political management of the social relations of production and, more specifically, to the changing form of the capitalist state.


The article considers the principles of production of sawbobetone on cement binder modified with additives of soluble glass and ash of hydraulic removal of local CHP. The material based on the modified cement binder using local secondary raw materials: sawdust as a filler of sawdust and waste ash as a fine filler is effective in low-rise construction conditions.


Abstract. A visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution system was constructed in one step with xanthene dye as photosensitizer, triethanolamine (TEOA) as electron donor, Pt as cocatalyst, and Keggin-type silicon-tungsten polyoxometalate (POM) as electron relay. The average rate of hydrogen evolution from the eosin Y−POM−TEOA−PtCl62− systems is 51.8  μmol h−1, and the apparent quantum yield is 8.9% during 20 h irradiation (λ>420  nm;, a high-pressure Hg lamp was used as the light source). Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra were used to study the mechanism of charge transfer. A radical anion Dye−, which generates from quenching of the triplet-excited state Dye3* by sacrificial electron donor, was considered the main species for transmitting electrons to POM and then to Pt. SiW9O3410−, derived from SiW12O404−, is the main form of POM in our reaction system, which can mediate the electron transfer from Dye− to Pt, so an enhanced hydrogen evolution was realized. The present study highlights POM as electron relay in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution process, which is expected to contribute to the development of functional and efficient artificial photosynthetic systems.


This study aimed to analyze the effect of Virtual Transformational Leadership and Student Creativity on the Effectiveness of Virtual Learning in several universities throughout the city of Bandung. Using surveys and quantitative approaches, the research was conducted on 200 students and 200 lecturers in Bandung. The data were analyzed descriptively with the PLS Structural Equation Model (Garson, 2018). It was found that Virtual Transformational Leadership and Student Creativity positively influence the Effectiveness of Virtual Learning in several universities throughout the city of Bandung. Thus, the transformational leadership style approach used by lecturers was sufficient to encourage the increase in the effectiveness of virtual learning, and the creativity possessed by students greatly encouraged the increase in the effectiveness of virtual learning. This research is expected to impact the implementation of learning in all educational units, which are converted into virtual learning, into an effective and efficient learning implementation amidst the limitations of the existing infrastructure.


Soybean is widely cultivated in Argentina, and there are areas where a significant degree of nodulation by soil indigenous rhizobia prevents improved nitrogen nutrition. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inoculation with selected strains of Azospirillum brasilense on the production of different varieties of soybean cultivated in Tucumán, Argentina. Azospirillum was selected on the basis of the extent of colonization of soybean roots, nitrogenase activity, and auxin production. We found that wild strains of rhizobia were not affected by inoculation with Azospirillum and increased grain yield and nodulation, and nitrogen fixation was largest. This research provides an alternative for soybean production.


The present thesis has the purpose design and implement a dynamic mode for the administration of the City Hall government of Puente Piedra district.
This dynamic model lets us know the state today and the behavior of the City Hall system Based on its structure and atmosphere organizational.
The thesis will show the dynamic model of the administration of the City Hal and its influence, the model that uses a group of data obtained using surveys procedures applied to regional servers and bosses of different areas.
From the theoretical field, the dynamic modeling lets us simulate data coming from quantitatives and/ or qualitatives processes; although this investigation today approaches a specific problem of management of qualitative type because the management is based on decision making processes which contribute or affect to the population of the sector and inclusive to the actors of the City Hall system.
Also, we have to emphasize that the methodology used for this design of the dynamic model is based on the dynamic system which is used to create models of simulation.
Finally, I hope to contribute to the opening of new lines of investigations with my present research that can help to settle in the innovation of new topics that generate knowledge and can help to solve the most difficult problems in the public management of the City Hall governments.


The method which I created and use in my daily routine, it's a Soft-Surgery approach. The access can be made through an operculum or a mucoperiosteal flap, followed by an invitation to the alveolar crestal bone with a drill using different size burs and to avoid the breaking of the floor of the sinus and tearing of the schneiderian membrane, is important to stop a few millimeters from it


The crisis of democracy,which was a pessimistic proposition,derived from the democratic wave in the sixties. Rawis designed a blueprint for reformation by posing a theory of fair justice. Nozick resisted and negated it with a theory of justice of rights. The essence of these two arguments boils down to the choice of the society development strategy,which shonld be given priority to equity or efficiency while we solve the problems of society justice.These two arguments also served as a great source of inspiration for us.After china has gone through 22-year reform and opening,the problems of society justice have already appeared.The government must adjust policy with value oriented justice and punish the corruption severely and eradicatively.Solving the problems of justice does not simply mean returning to traditional equalitarianism,but just reaching proper equity.\;


To achieve both qualitative and quantitative understanding of the decomposition of hardened cement paste (HCP) at elevated temperatures, X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were conducted on HCP samples after exposure to various peak temperatures from 400 to 800°C. The kinetic equations of C-S-H decomposition at 600, 700 and 800°C are proposed. The quantitative measurement using α-Al2O3 as a reference phase, revealed that the decomposition of C-S-H started at 560°C but became significant only above 600°C. The C-S-H decomposition rate increased dramatically with temperatures above 600°C. The decomposition of C-S-H influenced the strength loss of high-performance concrete (HPC) exposed to temperatures above 600°C but had little or no effect on the occurrence of explosive spalling. This test result confirms the vapour pressure mechanism for explosive spalling of HPC. It is also postulated that the strength loss of concrete exposed to temperatures below 600°C must be mainly caused by the HCP pore-structure coarsening.


This is an in-depth look at the Rockefeller Foundation's earliest ventures in international health. From the Rockefeller Foundation to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, U.S. philanthropies have played a leading role in the evolution of international health. "Launching Global Health" is about the Rockefeller Foundation's very first initiative abroad. The foundation's flagship, the International Health Board, made its first call in British Guiana in March 1914 to experiment with its new 'American Method' for the treatment of hookworm disease. Within months the agency was involved in ambitious hookworm programs in six Central American and Caribbean sites, its directors self-consciously choosing to test-run the prototype for their global project in the nearest and clearest domain of American imperial influence. This book examines the nature and evolution of those hookworm campaigns in British Guiana, Costa Rica, Trinidad, and Guatemala, as well as relevant evidence from Nicaragua and Panama. The study takes into account the late 19th-century backdrop and considers events through to about 1930 when most of the International Health Board hookworm campaigns had evolved into public health projects of a different nature.


The utility model relates to a rotary crossing hanger which is used for the hoisting of large cylindrical objects and comprises an I-shaped main beam and an I-shaped accessory beam, wherein the main beam consists of a left part and a right part; an interval is arranged on the abutting end of the two parts, and the two parts are fixedly connected into a whole by an upper arc cover plate, a lower round cover plate and a vertical end plate; the accessory beam passes through a hollow frame in the middle of the main beam and the center of the accessory beam is connected with the main beam in a crossing and rotary manner by a central axis; a double lug plate is arranged on the upper surface of the upper cover plate; the free end of the double lug plate is fixedly connected with two ends of a hanger shaft; two sides of the main beam and the accessory beam are respectively provided with a movable lifting frame which is fixedly connected with a lifting arm in a downward manner; and the lower end of the lifting arm is vertically and fixedly connected with a bracket. The rotary crossing hanger utilizes drive mechanisms such as a motor, a screw rod gear wheel and the like to realize the rotation of the main beam and the accessory beam of the hanger and the distance adjustment between lifting arms, thereby reducing labor intensity for hoisting operation and improving working efficiency. Therotary crossing hanger has firm and reliable hoisting and can serve as a supporting leg to support the hanger without additional hanger bracket when not in use.


Supramolecular Polymers Explained While polymers are constructed from chemically bonded units, supramolecular polymers arise through reversible linkages, such as hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Recent advances in the field of supramolecular polymer science have moved from a fundamental understanding of assembly properties to the introduction of functionality, in order to exploit the particular features of this class of materials. Aida et al. (p. 813) review the specific features of supramolecular polymers that can lead to applications in a variety of fields, including: materials—in which processability and self-healing properties are of interest; biomedicine—in which the concerns are dynamic functionality and biodegradability; and hierarchical assembly and electronic systems—with an interest in unidirectionality of charge flow. Supramolecular polymers can be random and entangled coils with the mechanical properties of plastics and elastomers, but with great capacity for processability, recycling, and self-healing due to their reversible monomer-to-polymer transitions. At the other extreme, supramolecular polymers can be formed by self-assembly among designed subunits to yield shape-persistent and highly ordered filaments. The use of strong and directional interactions among molecular subunits can achieve not only rich dynamic behavior but also high degrees of internal order that are not known in ordinary polymers. They can resemble, for example, the ordered and dynamic one-dimensional supramolecular assemblies of the cell cytoskeleton and possess useful biological and electronic functions.


Nowadays, mobile robot has been used in many sectors for example factory, household,
and also mine clearance. Different kind of sectors shows that the robot needs to work in
different kind of environment which of course consists of different obstacles. In order to
ensure the robot to work in proper manner by successfully reach its target without
colliding with the obstacles, the good algorithms should be created for. The main
problem of mobile robot behavior is to face the variety of objects in the real
environment. This report will design and develop a mobile robot algorithm that can seek
for target in environment consists of different kind of obstacles by using the previous
method that has been used by the researchers. All of the algorithms that have been
design are being implemented in MobotSim Software. There are a problems regarding
the limit cycle that arose during the analysis and the design algorithm to solve it has
been proposed. For the future works, the proposed solution for the limit cycle needs to
be implemented in MobotSim Software and analyze the results. The report for this
semester consists of the Introductions, Literature Review, Methodology and Results.


The present invention relates to a method for obtaining the power consumed or supplied by a fixed geographic point in the unit from the acquisition and / or supply means / electrical metering and measuring point system for measuring and metering. The system has one or more stationary, and connected to the grid suitable for use by the consumption / generation unit acquires and / or supply acquisition and / or supply electrical energy / power, and at least one position capable of identifying the identity is not fixed functional units, which for through consumption / generation unit acquires fixed in one or more positions and / or the supply means for conducting electrical wire or acquired by inductively supplied electric energy or / and the measured electrical measurement. Obtaining a plurality of and / or supply means are respectively assigned to a measuring device, wherein the measuring device is suitable for measuring at least one physical parameter, which characterizes the respective access and / or transmitted by the electrical energy supply means, and at least one functional unit distribution measuring apparatus, wherein the measurement means suitable for measuring at least one physical parameter, which characterizes the respective access and / or supply means, and with a consumption point is not fixed functional units / generating electrical energy transfer between units. In addition, a comparison element design, it at least one measured physical parameter acquiring at least one side or the supply side of the physical parameters measured by comparing the interface side. The present invention also relates to a method for fixedly position without current measurement, metering and billing.


In many communities, from the mid-Victorian era until well into the twentieth century, one Sunday every year was dedicated to the work of local hospitals and dispensaries. Originating in Birmingham and designated Hospital Sunday, it enabled congregations to remember their responsibilities towards the sick and it raised much-needed funds for what was essentially voluntary provision, prior to the establishment of the National Health Service. In so doing, they were demonstrating their commitment to philanthropy and (for many) the tenets of the social gospel. Hospital Sunday also symbolized an element of interdenominational cooperation, with most denominations participating, at a time when relations between the established church and the Free Churches on other issues could sometimes be fraught. Moreover, it facilitated the engagement of churches with charitable organizations, such as friendly societies. This article aims to explore the origins of Hospital Sunday, to analyse its key attributes, to assess its appeal and to highlight some of the issues which arose during the Victorian and Edwardian eras.


This research intended to find out who is responsible by law for children who are involved in
narcotics distribution and to find out how the application of the principle that the best interests
of children involved in narcotics distribution. The method used was normative research, i.e.
legal research by conducting abstraction through deduction process of positive legal norms by
shape of legal systematization and legal synchronizing vertically and horizontally, conducted
description, systematization, analysis, interpretation, and evaluate positive law to the problems
concerning on Best Interest Principle for Children Involved in Narcotics Distributions.
According to the Child Protection Act No. 23 of 2002, the State Gazette Number 109 of 2002,
children must be protected her rights as a victim of drug distribution so that the parties should
be subject to criminal sanctions are those that involve children in drug distribution Based on the
principle of "lex specialis derogat legi generali" Child Protection Act No. 23 of 2002 on Child
Protection, the State Gazette Number 109 of 2002 is used to solve problems related to children.
Best Interest Principle for Children Involved in Narcotics Distributions has not been fully
implemented in accordance with Child Protection Act No. 23 of 2002, the State Gazette Number
109 of 2002, as limited to the process (formal legal) such as provision of a special department
dealing with children in law enforcement; system of closed hearings for cases of children and
consider the verdict a child's future.


Over the last 25 years or so, researchers working on argument structure and verbal meanings have accumulated a growing body of evidence that what appears to be a morphophonologically single verb is in fact decomposed into a series of semantically contentful functional projections and roots (Hale and Keyser 1993, Harley 1995, 2002, Kratzer 1996, Beck and Johnson 2004, to mention a few; see Harley 2012 for a recent summary), suggesting a return to a sharply constrained minimalist syntactic version of the deep insights of Generative Semantics (Morgan 1969; Lakoff 1970; McCawley 1971). In this paper, we will furnish novel evidence for this decompositional theory of verb meanings through a previously unexplored angle of VP-ellipsis. Our central observation is that VP-ellipsis can target a sub-lexical constituent of a verb's structured meaning. We formulate a condition on VP-ellipsis that makes crucial reference to a superset-subset relation between the syntactic structures of the antecedent and the elided constituent. We then use this condition on VP-ellipsis as a probe into the articulated internal structure of VPs, (dis-)confirming particular decompositional analyses for controversial cases of verbs such as kill, want, give, open, melt, etc. A number of important implications arise from this work. Firstly, because the superset-subset relation makes reference to (morpho-)syntactic identity, the data reported here constitute a powerful argument that ellipsis must be sensitive to syntactic structure, not just phonological identity, as argued in Goldberg (2005). Secondly, roots (or at least indices) must be present in the syntactic representation (Harley 2004) to evaluate proper containment relations between the antecedent-ellipsis pairs for verbs that show the causative-inchoative alternation, contra researchers who argue that roots are inserted late post-syntactically (Halle and Marantz 1993; Marantz 1995; Haugen 2009; Haugen and Siddiqi 2013). Lastly, granted that decompositional effects of verbs are real, the question remains whether the relevant decomposition takes place in the syntax or at some other pre-syntactic level of representation such as the GB-style lexicon or the so-called Lexical Conceptual Structure (Pustejovsky 1991; Levin and Rappaport-Hovav 1995). Our results reported here show that the decomposition in question must be represented within syntax, a theoretical conclusion that is also echoed in von Stechow (1995) and Beck and Johnson (2004) in their analyses of scope ambiguities with again in double object verbs.


The incidence of chronic diseases is highest among the elderly in general; compared to Anglo-Americans, Mexican Americans have lower rates of cancer and cardiovascular disease and higher rates of depression and diabetes. Using baseline data from the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) study, weighted hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that sociodemographic, cultural, and psychosocial profiles of respondents varied in the context of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). More depressive symptoms were associated with both diseases, as were lower levels of self-esteem, life satisfaction, and perceived health. Higher socioeconomic status, greater assimilation, divorced marital status, and adverse life events/changes involving significant personal losses, trauma, and family events increased cancer risk. People who were lower in socioeconomic status, were less assimilated into the host culture, were divorced, and had experienced the illness of a close family member were more likely to have CVD.


Gray balance is one of the major indicators controlling printing process,affects directly the printing color reduction quality.In this paper,the United State GRACoL's G7 commercial offset lithography specifications are adopted and neutral printing density curve(NPDC) of G7 as a target.The increasing ink dot areas are controlled by use of CTP dots compensate.The optimal neutral printing density curves are detected by approximation step by step and the best ink dot areas gain are obtained.The results show that the perfect printing color reproduction quality could be expected by use of G7 process specifications.


In one aspect, the present specification includes a hub, a needle fixed to the hub, the needle has a proximal end and a distal end, a pen needle assembly lumen extends is provided therebetween. Needle extending distally from the hub, from about 5.0 exposed portion length of 9.0mm is defined between the distal end and the hub of the needle. In hub struts formed around the needle it is defined, the post has a first skin-engaging surface facing distally. Exposed part length of the needle extends distally from the first skin engaging surface. Also in the hub, a second skin-engaging surface facing in a distal direction is defined, the surface at least partially surrounds the first skin engaging surface. Second skin engaging surface is positioned proximal to the first skin engaging surface. Advantageously, according to the present invention, the pen needle assembly provided with two skin-engaging surface, thereby stably realize the subcutaneous injection.


This research was conducted on student of the Faculty of Economics, Department of Management, PASIM national university who use an online shop (shopee). The purpose of this study was to determine how much contribution the influence of ratings and electronic word of mouth (ewom) has on customer trust both partially and simultaneously at shopee. The research methods used in this research are descriptive methods and associative methods.in this study, the unit of analysis is the Faculty of Economics, Department of Management, Regular Morning Class, Pasim National University. The sample in this study were 110 respondents. Proportional sampling is the sampling technique used in this study. The analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis, in addition, validity and reliability testing and research instruments are also carried out. Based on the results of calculations using SPSS Version 25, it shows the influence of rating variables on costumer trust by 2.4% and electronic word of mouth variables on customer trust by 42.9%.Simultaneously, the rating and electronic word of mouth variables contribute or influence customer trust by 0.453 or 45.3%. This value shows that good rating and electronic word of mouth (ewom) variables will increase customer trust


Apply documentary material and ananlysis comparison method to discuss the destination development aim,, content, formand energy expenditure in body-building and sports-training in order that the masses have clear understanding of the two different kinds of physical concepts so they can handle the things according to their respective objective laws to promote the extensive development of the whole people's body-building.


To study intraoperative blood loss and analyse average blood loss and number of transfusions in patients who underwent pelvic oncological surgeries in this oncology centre in South India from January 2012 – December 2018. A retrospective analysis of medical records of 257 patients who had undergone pelvic oncological surgeries in our institute from January 2012 and December 2018 was done and information regarding blood loss and transfusions was analysed with student's T test. Out of 257 patients, 72 underwent pelvic exenteration of which 18 were operated for primary and 54 were operated for recurrences, 105 underwent Wertheim's hysterectomy, 19 patients underwent APR, 8 underwent LAR, 5 underwent AR, 36 underwent surgical staging 8 underwent Cystectomy and 4 underwent sacrectomy. In our analysis we found that laparoscopic surgeries had less blood loss (average 354 ml) compared to open surgeries (average 811 ml) and upfront surgeries (531 ml) had less blood loss compared to surgeries done post chemoradiotherapy (668 ml) resulting in less number of transfusions, transfusion reactions, infections and early recovery in laparoscopic and upfront surgeries. Laparoscopic surgery in pelvic oncological surgeries has become a benefit to surgeons because of less intraoperative blood loss, reduced hospital stay and better outcomes. Though laparoscopic surgeries require a learning curve, extensive anatomical knowledge about the procedure during open surgeries made learning curve less steep. Blood loss in upfront cases is less than that of post chemoradiotherapy cases leading to less infection rates, better recovery and with increase in duration of surgery, blood loss is more.


Objective: In order to further improve GuBi therapeutic regimen and lay the foundation for making GuBi clinical pathway,we observed the clinical efficacy and safety of TCM therapy in GuBi therapeutic regimen. Methods: In the four weeks,320 patients from seven hospitals in GuBi cooperating group were given comprehensive treatment of TCM which contains internal and external therapy. Results: TCM therapy can significantly improve patients with TCM score,Lequesne's index,WOMAC score and joint pain,swelling, activity and function and can reduce the ESR,CRP and ESR elevated. Compared before and after treatment, which has significant difference( P 0. 01) . The effective rates of disease and syndrome were respectively 88. 44% ,82. 50% % . Obvious side effects and adverse reactions were not observed. Conclusion: Clinical effects of GuBi therapeutic regimen we verified accord with that of the original therapeutic regimen. Which is a safe and effective treatment in OA and worth further studying and spreading.


AC breakdown strengths of N/sub 2/, SF/sub 6/ and a mixture of N/sub 2/+SF/sub 6/ containing 1% of SF/sub 6/ were experimentally studied. For this purpose, 50 Hz AC breakdown voltages in both uniform and nonuniform fields up to a pressure of 400 kPa from 50 kPa were measured. Test results show that the addition of 1% of SF/sub 6/ to nitrogen increases the breakdown voltage up to 250 kPa in a nonuniform field. The relative breakdown strength of the mixture with respect to components was also calculated in 50 Hz AC voltage. The analysis of Paschen curves reveals an improvement of 40% in the breakdown strength of mixture in uniform field but in nonuniform fields, the maximum AC breakdown voltage of the mixture is 24% lower than that of pure SF/sub 6/.


The skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic have evolved distinctly and negatively during this century. These changes have already begun to affect archivists and archival institutions. The need for what archives contain will remain, but the ability of many people to use archives effectively may be expected to diminish. Unless archivists are willing to move away from serving the whole population in a postliterate society, they will have to mediate between the users' needs and the documents' contents to a greater degree than they have in the past.


The development of 5G, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI) and other new generation information technologies has promoted the rapid development of the data center (DC) industry, which directly increase severe energy consumption and carbon emissions problem. In addition to traditional engineering based methods, AI based technology has been widely used in existing data centers. However, the existing AI model training schemes are time-consuming and laborious. To tackle this issues, we propose an automated training and deployment platform for AI modes based on cloud-edge architecture, including the processes of data processing, data annotation, model training optimization, and model publishing. The proposed system can generate specific models based on the room environment and realize standardization and automation of model training, which is helpful for large-scale data center scenarios. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed solution can reduce the time required of single model training by 76.2%, and multiple training tasks can run concurrently. Therefore, it can adapt to the large-scale energy-saving scenario and greatly improve the model iteration efficiency, which improves the energy-saving rate and help green energy conservation for data centers.


Objective: In recent years, the incidences of opportunistic fungal pathogens have increased and development of fungal resistance to antifungal drugs is a global concern. Therefore, it is important to identify new antifungal agents. Saponins are secondary metabolites that are found in various plant species and show antifungal activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate antifungal activity of saponin extracted from the Glycyrrhiza glabra against Candida species ( Candida albicans , Candida tropicalic and Candida glabrata ). Antifungal activity Quillaja saponaria total saponin (QST) was also evaluated. Methods: The roots of the plant were dried, powdered and def-fatted with petroleum ether in a soxhlet apparatus. The air dried powder was successively extracted with methanol, n-butanol and diethyl ether. The antifungal activity of the saponins was carried out using well diffusion method and also the value of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) was calculated. Clotrimazole was used as positive controls to determine the sensitivity of the species. Results: According to the results, C. albicans, and C. tropicalic were sensitive to the saponins of G. glabra , and Q. saponaria, while saponin isolated from G. glabra just could inhibited the growth of C. glabrata . Conclusion : In vitro studies have demonstrated that saponins extracted from G. glabra , and Q. saponaria can serve as potential candidates for the development of new antifungal agents. Key words: Saponin , Glycyrrhiza glabra , Quillaja saponaria, Anti- Candida activity


A collaboration between DESY, PSI and CERN has developed and built an advanced modular X-band transverse deflection structure (TDS) system with the new feature of providing variable polarization of the deflecting force. The prototype of the novel X-band TDS, the polarizable $X$-band (PolariX) TDS, was fabricated at PSI following the high-precision tuning-free production process developed for the C-band Linac of the SwissFEL project. Bead-pull rf measurements were also performed at PSI to verify, in particular, that the polarization of the dipole fields does not have any rotation along the structure. The high-power test was performed at CERN and now the TDS is at DESY and has been installed in the FLASHForward beamline, where the first streaking experience with beam has been accomplished. We summarize in this paper the rf design of the TDS and its key components, such as the $X$-band pulse compressor, E-rotator, and phase shifter, the results of the bead-pull measurements and the high power test and finally the rf setup at DESY.


AbstractThis work examines the topical relationship between the works of Levi-Strauss and Lacan, with the purpose in mind of articulating the structuralist notion of the subject. This is of particular importance for evaluating the role of the subject in current trends in deconstruction. By comparing the works of Levi-Strauss and Lacan, this work reveals a critical element of post-structuralist thought to be already implicated in structuralism, namely, the grounding of ideality in repetition, rather than the grounding of repetition in ideality, as it is found in Husserl.


Abstract Considerable efforts have been devoted since the past three decades for the development of low cost ferroelectric and clean energy storage multifunctional materials. Modification in design and production of a low cost material with well proven process provides pathway for high energy density dielectric energy storage. We studied fluorine doped a commercially well-established material system barium strontium titanate with two different concentrations of dopants and studied the morphological transition and its effect on properties. It was observed that sample with higher concentration transitioned much faster into glassy state, followed by growth of fibers which turned into a self-arranged bird nest type shape. The sample with lower concentration changed slowly into glassy state and only few fibers were farmed. Dielectric was highly dependent on processing methods and shows variation with crystallinity of material, temperature, and cooling conditions during processing. In the higher concentration range, we observed nano-scale interface breakdown very similar to that of solid-liquid interface breakdown during crystal growth.


Istanbul, Turkey--For men with mild to moderate incontinence following radical prostatectomy, the minimally invasive perineal bone-anchored male sling (BAMS) may offer an interesting treatment alternative to the gold standard treatment, artificial urinary sphincter (AUS), according to a new study that compared the efficacy and functional durability of both treatment modalities.


An Airport Vicinity Icing and Snow Advisor (AVISA) was tested using observations from the Alliance Icing Research Study II (AIRS II), conducted in the Ottawa-Mirabel area from 3 November 2003 to 12 February 2004. The AVISA Nowcasting system is designed to help provide decision makers (airport authorities, airline dispatch, ground de-icing crews, pilots, etc) with real-time, accurate, and up-to-date weather information to help alleviate problems and to increase safety. This system uses numerical model data, pilot reports, ground sensor data (precipitation, ceiling, visibility, winds, etc) as well as remote sensing (satellite, radar, radiometer) information to provide the necessary Nowcasts out to approximately 6 hours. The AIRS II project involved 5 research aircraft and several airport Nowcasting systems installed at Mirabel. The limitations and strengths of some of the AVISA component inputs (e.g. model data, radar, radiometric, precipitation rate) are discussed using experiences from AIRS II. Illustrations are given of some of the displays currently being developed. Plans for future work are described.


This paper presents a model for calculating the optimal cutting feed rate, spindle speed, and periodic control interval for a standalone cutting machine. The optimal cutting conditions are determined for the maximum expected 'profit rate' criterion, under the assumption that the Normal distribution function represents the tool-life distribution. When the cutting operation and the load/unload process are preformed automatically without any supervisor, it is not necessary to employ a full-time operator for the machine. Thus, we used the Periodic Control Strategy, under which the operator attends to the cutting machine only at predefined calendar times. We have developed an approximate model that was studied using simulations. The model appears to be very efficient.


Sediment-induced stratification effects on velocity profiles and sediment concentration distribution in a steady, uniform turbulent flow are examined in this thesis. The early work concerning sediment stratification relates this to von Karman's constant's variability. Subsequent attempts to account for stratification were based on the stratified flow analogy, introducing the parameters a and 3, whose values were assumed to be those obtained for thermally stratified flows. Following these investigators, we assume stratification effects to be expressed through these parameters. We solve the governing equations for velocity and sediment concentration for a parabolic, a simplified linear-constant and an extremely simplified linear neutral eddy viscosity model. Analytically closed form solutions are obtained. The parabolic and linearconstant models' formulae require numerical evaluation of integrals. The linear model provides excellent estimates of velocity and concentration and does not require numerical computation. We run our model against experimental data to obtain the optimal set [a, 3]. For neutral conditions, =0 by definition, and we obtain a = 1. For stratified conditions the optimal values are a = 0.8 and P = 4.0. Accounting for stratification slightly improves the prediction of velocity and concentration in comparison with the case where we do not account for it. For predictive purposes, we need to know the movable bed roughness and the reference concentration. Analyses of experimental data sets provide predictive relationships for reference concentration and movable bed roughness in terms of sediment and flow parameters. An examination of the effects of uncertainty in the predictive capability of our model reveals that this overshadows the slight improvement resulting from accounting for stratification. Finally, our stratification model appears to be nearly equivalent to making von Karman's constant a variable as done in the earliest attempts to account for stratification in sediment-laden flows. Thesis Supervisor: Ole S Madsen Title: Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Acknowledgments The writing of this thesis has been a challenging but most rewarding experience. I would first like to express my deepest gratitude to Professor Ole Madsen for his invaluable guidance and advice. His constant enthusiasm and energy, his encouragement and his sense of humour have helped me brave the rough times when things did not seem to go in the right direction. I would like to thank the generous financial and intellectual support of the MIT Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and of the MIT Sea Grant Program. I gratefully aknowledge the professors and students of MIT Parsons Laboratory, thanks to whom I have discovered various fascinating aspects of environmental studies. I would like to thank my labmates, particularly Amy and Homero, for their friendship, warmth and cheerfulness. I am also deeply grateful to all my friends from MIT who made this place a great place to live. Most of all, I would like to thanks my parents and my sister for their wholehearted love and support. They have encouraged and trusted me throughout the years, and have given me the strength and courage to pursue my dreams, wherevere they may lead me. And last, but certainly not least, I thank Alexis for being who he is.


Many organisms display patterns in the intensity, frequency and synchrony of reproduction, which are influenced by the physical environment. Knowledge of how these environmental factors underpin reproduction and early life-stage ecology is critical to assessing the persistence of populations and the ecosystem services they provide. In marine systems, some of the major factors which are known to influence the reproduction of ecologically important seaweeds are sea temperature, light, nutrients and wave action. Kelps (Order: Laminariales) are the major habitat forming species on warm-temperate to polar subtidal reefs. Kelps have a biphasic, diplohaplontic, heteromorphic life cycle. Most kelp studies have focused on the ecology of the macroscopic sporophyte while comparatively little is known about their reproductive ecology and the ecology of the microscopic gametophyte stage. However, an understanding of the ecology of all life stages is required to understand the dynamics and persistence of populations. Ecklonia radiata is the major habitat-forming kelp in temperate Australia where it plays a pivotal role in structuring shallow, inshore communities, by providing habitat and energy to higher trophic levels. Little is known about the reproduction of this ecologically significant species in Australia, and the role the environment plays in controlling it. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to determine spatial and temporal patterns in the reproduction of E. radiata, and to examine the possible role of environmental drivers of zoospore production and release, and early gametophyte growth and survival. In order to study the early phase of the kelp life cycle it is necessary to collect zoospores for experimentation. World-wide there are 122 species, in 33 genera of kelps, and research has been undertaken to investigate the early life stages of many of these. The first chapter in this thesis aimed to review and compare zoospore release methods in order to advise on effective techniques. Literature from around the world was synthesised, and it was found that methodologies were disparate and highly variable. Various popular methods for spore release were selected and tested on E. radiata, establishing an effective protocol for this thesis. This chapter not only stands as a methodological chapter for this thesis, but highlights the importance of method standardisation in phycological research. A particular knowledge gap exists in Australia concerning the timing of reproduction and possible synchrony of zoospore production in E. radiata populations. Reproduction is sensitive to fluctuations in the environment and alterations in the physiology of individuals. The main aim of the third chapter of this thesis was to identify patterns in reproductive timing of E. radiata and potential relationships with prevailing environmental conditions. This was achieved through the collection and quantification of zoospore release from sporophytes collected over a range of temporal and spatial scales. E. radiata exhibited strong seasonal periodicity, reproducing from mid-summer to the end of autumn, with synchronous production of zoospores in populations across spatial scales from 100's meters to 10's kilometers. The timing of reproduction coincided with increasing local sea temperature and wave exposure, and was related to thallus size. From the results of this chapter it was concluded that E. radiata undergoes synchronous reproduction which can be linked to its annual growth cycle and natural environmental fluctuations, so that propagules are released under favourable conditions for growth and survival. Natural fluctuations in ambient environmental conditions influence the intrinsic characteristics of gametes, which define their ability to tolerate varied conditions. Thus, the aim of chapter four was to document temporal patterns in zoospore production, settlement densities, and gametophyte growth and survival across the period of reproduction, and to investigate whether these patterns related to environmental variables. Zoospores were collected every fortnight for 3.5 months and cultured in a range of temperatures, and gametophyte performance was assessed over this time. Survival and growth of gametophytes was compared to natural fluctuations in environmental conditions; such as sea temperature, day-length, light intensity, wave action and lunar cycle. Over the period of reproduction, E. radiata gametophytes revealed distinct patterns in performance. Growth rates of gametophytes were positively related to day-length, with the fastest growing recruits released when days were longest. Gametophytes consistently survived best in the lowest temperatures, yet exhibited optimum growth in higher culture temperatures. Since the season for reproduction occurred when in situ sea temperatures are at the highest for the year, it appears that an ecological trade-off is occurring. This trade-off gives priority to growth over survival, perhaps so that E. radiata can out-compete other species for space and quickly replenish


Since the very beginning of its existence the United Nations, like the League of Nations before it, has experienced how difficult it is to define the scope of the most general and fundamental principles of international law in a declaration of legal significance. Today this is still the case, as appears from the efforts undertaken since the establishment four years ago of a United Nations Special Committee, which was given the task of studying in what way and to what extent the primary principles of international law contained in the Charter could yield rules adapted to the changed world situation. Before considering in detail the most recent proceedings of the Special Committee, it seems useful briefly to recall the context within which the Committee started its work.


Objective: This study was designed to provide simple and cost-effective methods to quantify the biologically active phenolic compounds such as rutin, quercetin, and gallic acid from Curcuma species and evaluation of the antioxidant potentials of different parts with different solvent extracts of Curcuma species.Methods: Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used for the analysis of quercetin, rutin, gallic acid and total flavonoid content of Curcuma species extracts. Antioxidant potentials of Curcuma species extracts were evaluated using 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity.Results: Ethyl acetate extract of Curcuma aromatica rhizome, aerial part contain higher quantity of quercetin and rutin compared to the other extracts, and also Curcuma species such as Curcuma longa and Curcuma amada contains high antioxidant capacity. The total flavonoid content was high in ethyl acetate extract of Curcuma aromatica as 88.35±0.25 I¼g/g dry weight of quercetin equivalents.Conclusion: Different extracts of Curcuma species possess good free radical scavenging activity and the IC50 of Curcuma amada aerial part, Curcuma longa aerial part, and Curcuma aromatica rhizome was 61.65±1.75, 62.95±1.85, and 89.40±0.15 (I¼g/ml), respectively. The Curcuma species contains high total phenolic compounds and antioxidant potentials.


With the rapid development of the 4th wireless communication systems, new algorithms and innovations makes the evaluation and simulation tools become more and more important. But in fact, the more detail and real the model is, the more time and resources are reqiured, that is, much time is required to perform simulation, which is unacceptable for large amount of simulation work. In this work, we concentrate the widely used channel model raised by 3GPP. Time and resource consumption of the Spatial Channel Model Enhanced (SCME) used in 3GPP LTE physical layer system level simulation is the big problem. In this paper, we accelerate the SCME using NVidia CUDA, which is the extension of our previous work. Simulation result shows that our novel method works 37 times faster than original method, which is an amazing and exciting result.


Cascading of a CD-FIR filter, a Volterra series adaptive filter and an adaptive RP-noise compensator is suggested in this paper to mitigate a fiber's a combination of nonlinear and dispersion. This system is working in time domain for real-time equalization with small number of stages. And the validation of this method is by the simulation for a 16-QAM coherent optical communication system.


I wish to begin what I have to say on this theme by frank acknowledgment that the idea of a future life often seems to me, as I suspect it has seemed to many reflective minds, all but unbelievable. It may be true, for all that, as many unbelievable things have turned out to be true. Indeed my present purpose is to argue as best I can that it is true. But I have to start with the recognition of a certain natural repugnance toward it, on the part of minds accustomed to look at things in the cold light of reason and common sense.


It is well-known that wind farm noise is dominated by low-frequency energy at large distances from the wind farm, where the high frequency noise has been more attenuated than low-frequency noise. It has also been found that wind farm noise is highly variable with time due to the influence of atmospheric factors such as atmospheric turbulence, wake turbulence from upstream turbines and wind shear, as well as effects that can be attributed to blade rotation. Nevertheless, many standards that are used to determine wind farm compliance are based on overall A-weighted levels which have been averaged over a period of time. Therefore the aim of the work described in this paper is to investigate the time dependent nature of unweighted wind farm noise and its perceptibility, with a focus on infrasound. Measurements were carried out during shutdown and operational conditions and results show that wind farm infrasound could be detectable by the human ear although not perceived as sound.


Compound dictation is an important part of CET to examine the comprehensive language abilities of students,and it's been an obstacle for students to improve grades for the listening part.This paper aims to analyze the obstacles non-English majors in independent colleges face in compound dictation and propose some countermeasures accordingly after a test to some students in class.


The main focus of this work is the experimental observation of the static structure of the grafted chain
conformation in a good solvent or in a melt. Therefore, the structural properties of the grafted chains in
given conditions were investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS), small angle x-ray scattering
(SAXS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to get insight into the conformation feature of the grafted
chains on the spherical substrate, which is expected to be clearly discernible from that of the bulk chains
in the same conditions. Polystyrene (PS) was grafted from the surface of silica nanoparticles (diameter 50
nm) and deuterated polystyrene (d-PS) nanoparticles (diameter 40 and 60 nm) using different synthesis
methods. The particles had variation in grafting densities and molecular weights of grafted PS, which was
expected to influence the conformation of the grafted chains either in a good solvent or in a polymeric
matrix. First, the grafted particles were dispersed in good solvents for the experiments, and the results
demonstrated that the grafted PS layer on the silica and d-PS particle with a small core size retained
the slightly stretched conformation compared to that in the bulk state. For the d-PS particles with a
large core, moreover, the grafted chains retained more highly stretched conformation compared to the
silica and small d-PS. Second, the conformation of the grafted chains in a melt was investigated by
SANS and SAXS. Variation in the molecular weights of the matrix polymer of d-PS allowed for the direct
observation of change in the conformation of the grafted PS by means of SANS. The conformation change
of the grafted PS was observed for the silica and d-PS particles with a large core and was related to the
chain autophobicity driven by wetting or dewetting of the matrix chains. The critical value of the ratio
of the molecular weight of the matrix to the grafted PS, where the wetting-dewetting occurs, was found
to be small for the d-PS of a large core and large for the silica, which may originate from the difference
in grafting densities of the two particle systems.


In the problem of measuring three-dimensional positions and motion of a rigid body, methods to determine the three-dimensional position from its optical projection data on a two-dimensional plane have been widely used. We have proposed a method using positional relations among the marked points and applied it to three-dimensional movement measurement of the human law.

If the positions of three marked points on a rigid body are known, measuring these positions requires only one projection datum at each point to determine the three-dimensional position of the points, since the degree of freedom of a rigid body is six. A previous paper presented formulation of the problem in general form, its solution and theoretical analysis of stability of solution, as well as observation method.

This paper analyzes the effect of error associated with measurement on estimating the position of marked points at implementation. Error propagation equations are derived effective for design of measuring instruments. The optimum measuring method is obtained from the viewpoint of error propagation using the result.


In order to improve the expanding application of recycled aggregate concrete, this paper changes the mixing ratio of silica fume and polypropylene fiber of recycled concrete beam which takes 30% recycled coarse aggregate instead of the natural aggregate, and uses the finite element software ANSYS to analyze the cracking load, ultimate load and load-deflection curves and so on. The results show that: silica fume and polypropylene fiber can improve the flexural property of beam effectively. That is to say, mixing with silica fume can improve the stiffness of beam, but the ductility of beam decreases with the increase mixing ratio of silica fume; mixing with polypropylene fiber can improve the toughness of beam and limit the emergence and expansion of cracks. The result of finite element software ANSYA shows that when mixed with silica fume of 8% and PP fiber of 1%, the flexural property of recycled concrete beam can be improved effectively.


Cypress Sharpridge, a REIT investing in agency securities, launched its IPO just before the collapse of the subprime mortgage market. The IPO failed. In June 2009, an IPO window seemed to be opening. Should the company try again? CEO Kevin Grant knew that his company's survival depended on differentiating itself from discredited real estate investment strategies and raising permanent capital. But if its IPO failed again, the company might lose any remaining credibility and be forced to fold. Learning Objective: Develop an understanding of the role of REITs as financial intermediaries; explore financing strategy and decision-making, specifically IPO decisions, during turmoil in the financial markets.


The technological advance in the field of power electronics has increased the use of DC–DC power converters in a wide range of applications. Thus, their major role is to bring the voltage to the proper level, providing a regulated output voltage based on a supply voltage that can vary. Nevertheless, the control problems that are related to such converters still pose theoretical challenges. Usually, the control design for these switched systems is based on a continuous or discrete statespace averaged model [1]. For most of DC–DC power converters, the averaged model has to be locally linearized around a specific operating point because of the product between the state vector and the control input. A classic approach is to derive linear control laws based on an averaged linearized model: proportional–integral (PI) controllers [2], [3] state-feedback and Linear Quadratic Regulators (LQR) [4].


The dissipation ofPower in conventional CMOS circuits can be minimized by adiabatic technique. In this paper, the area and delay of conventional CMOS logic and with adiabatic technique for memory block and all the building blocks required in the memory block are computed. Delay of the building blocks is calculated and compared at two different technologies along with the comparison of conventional and adiabatic delay. Area optimization and comparison was computed at different technology. From the simulations results, it could be concluded that the Delay is reduced as compared to conventional CMOS technique. The circuits have been simulated at transistor level using Cadence Virtuoso Tool at 180 nm and 90nm CMOS process technology at VDD=1.8V, 1.1V and T=27 0 C.


SummarySevere iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis may pose a clinical dilemma because of its prolonged refractoriness to most forms of drug therapy. Plasmapheresis was used in five patients with iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis caused by homeopathic drugs, radiographic contrast agents and amiodarone. in two patients with underlying Graves' disease, several months of treatment with high doses of antithyroid drugs and 13-blockers did not improve the thyrotoxicosis. Plasmapheresis eventually resulted in a rapid decline of peripheral thyroid hormone levels and euthyroidism was achieved in one patient. Nevertheless no long term beneficial effect could be demonstrated since both patients further required other therapy. In three patients witli amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, of whom two were in a life-threatening situation, plasmapheresis was able to restore euthyroidism in a short period of time. 1 lowcver, our observations suggest that plasmapheresis alone cannot cure iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis unless other thera...


ABSTRACT This paper attempts to explain what influenced efficient decisions in the adoption of important technology in the steel industry. An index of efficient decisions for the adoption of the basic oxygen furnace and for continuous casting is discussed theoretically and then empirically developed for the steel industries of 28 and 27 countries respectively. Statistical tests are performed to determine the influence of government ownership of the steel industries, central planning of the economies and involvement in international competition on efficient decisions regarding technology adoption. The tests reveal that both government ownership and central planning retarded efficient decisions regarding the adoption of technology.


This study reveals that the awareness on the obligation to pay zakāh business among the Muslim entrepreneurs is still marginal. This study hypothesizes that the motivation of paying zakāh business among the Muslim entrepreneurs has a strong connection with their tendency to promote their business and corporate image. Interestingly, the Muslim entrepreneurs were interested to share their action in paying zakāh as the way to


The aim is to design the microcontroller based electronic circuit which generates the time pulses; those are used to switch ON the three modulated Lasers (fitted in the source assembly) in sequential mode with a predefined exposure and delay time depending on the speed of the projectile to illuminate the high speed projectile through the lens whose shadowgraphs are recorded in corresponding digital camera (three cameras fitted in the camera assembly). To record the interaction of high speed projectile and target, ultra high speed camera is required. But such high speed camera commercial system is quite expensive. So another technique is used to develop a system which employs low speed cameras operated in snapshot mode and there are lasers on other side which are operated for few hundred ns to illuminate the projectile moving between source and camera assemblies [1-2]. To record the shadowgraph of the events projectile has to move between source and camera assemblies. KeywordMicrocontroller, Time pulses, Modulated Lasers, Source assembly, Sequential mode, Illuminate, Shadowgraphs, Assembly


The negative relationship between age and peak exercise heart rate (HR) has been well demonstrated in healthy people with sinus rhythm. The prediction of maximal HR using Astrand's formula (220 – age) has been widely used as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion in settings of exercise testing or as an indicator of chronotropic incompetence. In terms of atrial fibrillation, however, the maximal predicted HR remains unknown, and the target of end of exercise testing has depended on the tester's discretion in clinical practice. We previously reported that patients with atrial fibrillation have more increased HR during exercise compared with those with sinus rhythm in symptom-limited maximal exercise testing. Therefore, we assumed that maximal HR in atrial fibrillation should be considered differently from that in sinus rhythm. This study aimed to investigate whether this relationship between age and maximal HR during exercise and its regression equation differs between atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm. Among 3357 patients who underwent symptom-limited maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing with ergometer (CPET) at our hospital between 2004 and 2016, excluding patients who had atrioventricular block/sick sinus syndrome/pacemaker (n1⁄4 466), structural heart diseases and/or HR lowering drugs including digitalis/Ca channel blocker/b-blocker (n1⁄4 1722), we analyzed a total of 1169 patients: 163 atrial fibrillation patients and 1006 sinus rhythm patients. None of the patients changed cardiac rhythm during CPET. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Cardiovascular Institute. CPET was performed using a cycle ergometer and consisted of 4min of rest, 4min of warming up followed by a ramp protocol (10–20W/min), and 6min of recovery. All normally distributed data were expressed as mean standard deviation. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the associations among variables. The slopes of regression lines were compared using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify significant independent determinants for the age-related decline in peak exercise HR. To do so, only those variables related to peak exercise HR, age, sex and peak oxygen uptake (VO2) were entered into the model. The statistical significance was set at p< 0.05. The patients with atrial fibrillation were older (60 11 vs. 54 15 years), had a higher body mass index (24.6 3.4 vs. 23.1 3.5), had a lower female proportion (male: 89% vs. 55%), had a lower peak VO2 (21.7 4.1 vs. 23.8 6.6mL kg min), and a higher VE/VCO2 slope (30.4 5.3 vs. 28.8 5.8). The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were similar (hypertension; 32% vs. 28%, diabetes 12% vs. 11%). In terms of HR, both resting and peak exercise HRs were higher in patients with atrial fibrillation than those in patients with sinus rhythm (92 21 vs. 76 12 beats/min, 193 33 vs. 150 21 beats/min, respectively). The peak respiratory gas exchange ratio was similar and greater than 1.1 (1.14 0.8 vs. 1.14 0.7), indicating sufficient exercise volume in both rhythms. Negative linear relationships between age and peak HR were found in atrial fibrillation as well as in sinus rhythm (Figure 1). This relationship was significant even after adjusting for sex, exercise capacity (percent predicted peak VO2) (atrial fibrillation: B1⁄4 –0.780, y-intercept1⁄4 189, p1⁄4 0.005; sinus rhythm: B1⁄4 –0.371, y-intercept1⁄4 135, p< 0.0001). Interactions of peak VO2/sex with the relationship between age and peak HR were not found (peak VO2: atrial fibrillation,


The purpose of this study was to determine pH value of some alcoholic drinks sold in Korea and to provide the basic information which can cause dental erosion. Alcoholic drinks commercially sold were purchased from various big markets in Korea. The sorts of drinks tested in this study consisted of 5 brands of beers, 24 brands of makgeollis, 9 brands of wines and 12 brands of sojus. The test groups were selected randomly and the pH of each beverage was determined using a pH meter he each pH was measured. For statistical data, Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze difference for red wine and white wine and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the pH of each test group. The result of this study was as followings: the mean pH of 5 brands of beers was 4.21, that of 24 brands of makgeollis 3.88, of 9 brands of wines 3.34 and of 12 brans of sojus 7.86. Each test group was significantly different (p<0.05). Except for soju groups, the test groups had a low pH value which can cause dental erosion. In terms of comparing between pH value of red wine and white wine, the result of this study represented that the mean pH of red wine was 3.45 and that of white wine was 3.21. This result showed the pH of two kinds of wine had a low pH which can lead to dental erosion and the difference of two wine were significantly different (p<0.05). As a result, some drinks sold in Korea have a high erosive potential on teeth since they have a comparatively low pH expect soju. Hence, when we consume some kinds of alcoholic drinks, we make sure to remember that the alcoholics which had a low pH, can have an effect on dental erosion that mean we should avoid to drink some alcoholic drinks with low pH for long time.


In 2008, for the first time, CSIL put together the profiles of the world's largest furniture retailers in a CSIL report called "Profiles of 50 major furniture retailers worldwide ". CSIL estimates that currently about 19% of worldwide furniture sales are made by "Major Furniture Retailers" which are covered in the new CSIL report. In this first edition we tried to outline the new challenges of the distribution market at a global level. The report provides rankings by geographical region (North America, Europe, Asia), detailed company profiles, financial data and full contact details on about 120 pages. The Major Retailers listed in our report have headquarters in 13 countries of which 9 are in Europe (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, UK), 2 in North America (Canada and US) and 2 in Asia (China and Japan). To draw a picture as precise as possible we considered Furniture Retail Chains (like Ikea, Rooms To Go), Department Stores (like JC Penneys, Macy's), Hypermarket Chains (like Wal Mart, Bailing Group), E-commerce, Mail Order specialists (like Otto Group) and DIY Stores (like BQ (ii) data in company reports, particularly for companies listed on stock exchanges; (iii) information from catalogues, public relations material and websites; (iiii) sector magazines.


The tools provided under harmony-analyser.org are capable of recognizing harmonies, extracting the high-level harmony features, and plotting the harmony structure of the audio. They focus on the classical tonal analysis, as well as the distances between the harmonies to allow for the creation of novel descriptors. In the light of the recent expansion of the music retrieval techniques, the concepts of chord distances or chroma vector distances were still not studied to the full extent. With the presented tools we aim to provide an easy-to-use system for anyone interested in extracting these features, as well as an open-source framework written in Java for the developers interested in researching the concepts further. In this short paper, we offer the walk-trough of harmony-analyser.org tools with the manual for the correct usage. We also summarize the results achieved using our system and we set the focus for the next development and research.


Challenges to organizing informal workers in India are myriad. The objective of this study is to develop a conceptual understanding of the same and to propose alternative perspectives on collectivization of informal labor. The theoretical antecedents, definitional origins of the concept and different types of informal labor are explained. Further, the need and motivation to collectivize and the unique characteristics of informal labor are analyzed as an underpinning to the proposal made in the paper. The major challenges are discussed in detail to elucidate the need for alternative perspectives and the suitable adaptation methods are explained. Finally appropriate governance models based on the adaptation methods are examined.


to consolidate the response. An analysis of the relapse rates on placebo offirst-time depressives who would not normally be expected to develop a new episode of depression for some time shows a very similar relapse rate compared with that seen in recur rent depressives (Mindham et a!, I973). This strongly suggests that for those who stop antidepressants im mediately after response, relapse in the subsequent six months is a return of the symptoms of the made quately treated depression. It is necessary to continue treatment for at least four months following response to ensure that the episode of depression is properly treated. This simple advice is often ignored, some times by patients but mainly, we believe, by doctors, who seem as yet to be unaware of the importance of this. The average duration of treatment for a course ofantidepressants in the UK is currently estimated to be six weeks. The study of fluoxetine (Montgomery eta!, 1988), which Professor Fahy praises did not address the issue of maintenance treatment to consolidate the response. All patients who consented to the study were treated for a six-month period with the anti depressant to ensure a persistent response. This study was attempting to address a different issue: whether long-term treatment in recurrent unipolar depression reduced the chances of the development of further new episodes of depression. This is not as Professor Fahy states, mere hair-splitting. The use of a drug to treat an episode of depression is quite different from the use of a drug to prevent a new episode of de pression arising, a distinction emphasised by Montgomery (1989). There are very few good studies for secondary prophylaxis although a case can be made for fluoxetine, imipramine and possibly lith ium. With amitriptyline, design flaws in the two small studies conducted leave room for doubt. For most antidepressants, we do not know whether they are effective in prophylaxis or not. The point where we take issue with Professor Fahy is his assumption that any antidepressant will do as they all, he implies, have efficacy in maintenance and prophylactic use. He appears to find it ethical to offer long-term treatment with an antidepressant although there are doubts about long-term efficacy. We would prefer to be open with our patients and tell them that some like Professor Fahy believe that any antidepres sant works while others like ourselves have doubts. We would invite the patients to participate in a care fully-controlled study to help establish this important point. We would spell out the risks and benefits in order to help them make an informed decision. This seems to be the most ethical course to adopt. Much of Professor Fahy's belief that any drug will do is based on his understanding that no well con trolled investigation of continuation or prophylaxis has failed to show efficacy. This approach is risky. Lithium was found to be no better than placebo in recurrent unipolar depression by Prien et a! (1984). More recently, Georgotas et a! (1989) reported that nortriptyline was ineffective compared with placebo whereas phenelzine was effective in a one year study of prophylactic treatment. Results like these empha sise our need for caution and suggest that we should require a convincing demonstration of long-term efficacy of an antidepressant, preferably against placebo, to avoid putting patients at risk. STUART MONTGOMERY DAVID BALDWIN Department of Psychiatry St Mary's Hospital Medical School Norfolk Place London W2


In this article, a new approach for power system dynamic stability assessment has been presented. The proposed approach is based on standard Fuzzy ARTMAP discussed in our previous paper [1] and its modified version called PROBART (Probability ART). Besides Fuzzy ARTMAP, Neural architecture with probability Fuzzy ARTMAP is considered as a modified Fuzzy ARTMAP Network for noisy mapping tasks. Like other ART-based systems, Fuzzy ARTMAP has advantages over feedforward Networks and is especially suited for classificationtype problems. In this paper it is used to approximate the noisy continuous mapping. Results show that properties for noisy mapping problems, One particular feature, match tracking, is found to cause over-learning of the data. A modified variant is proposed. Without match tracking which stores the probability information in the map field, this information is subsequently used to compute output estimates. The modified Fuzzy ARTMAP variant namely PROBART, is found to outperform the Fuzzy ARTMAP in the mapping task.


Sir, I read with great interest the valuable article by Hamidian and Hall regarding the AbaR4 genomic island in D36, an Acinetobacter baumannii isolate belonging to global clone (GC) 1, and proposing a new family of transposons. However, I would like to make some remarks on the authors' statement that D36 was of a rare sequence type (ST), ST247, and represented a new GC 1 lineage. In their study, the ST of A. baumannii strain D36 was determined by the Oxford multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, which employs gltA, gyrB, gdhB, recA, cpn6, gpi and rpoD as housekeeping genes. As a result, strain D36 showed the allelic profile 10-12-4-11-4-58-5 and was assigned to ST247, slightly different from ST109 (10-12-4-11-4-9-5), which includes the GC 1 reference strain RUH875 (A297). Therefore, the difference between ST247 and ST109 was in their gpi alleles. However, in a recent study it was demonstrated that the gene gpi resided in a part of the A. baumannii genome prone to recombination and showed significant variations compared with other housekeeping genes, and a similar observation was also described in another study. Thus it appears to be problematic to include gpi in the MLST system and therefore the conclusion that ST109 and ST247 are two distinct lineages is also doubtful. Besides AbaR4-associated features, such as lack of Tn6018 and the resistance genes catA1, blaTEM, tet(A) and aphA1, strain D36 also showed other characteristics (aadB gene cassette and sul2 gene) different from other GC 1 strains included in the study by Hamidian and Hall. It has been suggested that the accessory genome (genes present in some isolates, but not in others) can be used as a tool for epidemiological investigation, and that the distinct features of strain D36 might support its role as the representative of a new lineage. On the one hand, it is difficult to select epidemiological markers from the hundreds of genes in the accessory genome, which varies between isolates. On the other hand, comparative genomic analysis has demonstrated that there are frequent homologous recombination events across up to 20% of GC 2 genomes, and the recombination also took place across a large phylogenetic distance, including GC 1. The horizontal transfer of aminoglycoside resistance genes and gene cassettes representing the variable region of integrons between GC 1 and 2 isolates from the Czech Republic has also been described. Therefore, the usefulness of the accessory genome in epidemiological research remains to be determined. As a result, the taxonomic position of strain D36 should be determined by a new scheme, for example, the MStree analysis-based MLST system, and further evidence is required to support the conclusion that strain D36 belongs to a new GC 1 lineage.


595 Background: Although breast cancers are extremely heterogeneous with respect to clinical presentation, histopathological appearance, and molecular alterations; breast cancer is often viewed as a single biologic entity with common etiology and unified pathogenesis. Accumulating data has challenged this view, demonstrating that the stratification of tumors by gene expression profiles, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining patterns, and other techniques may permit the categorization of breast cancers into two main pathways of mammary carcinogenesis. Based upon cellular origin and/or estrogen receptor (ER) expression there are 1) tumors from stem cells committed to luminal differentiation and ER expression and 2) neoplasms from stem cells programmed to display basal differentiation and lacking ER expression. If confirmed, these observations may form the basis for revised conceptual frameworks.

METHODS
We applied age-at-diagnosis density plots and a two component statistical mixture model to breast cancer cases overall (n=270,124) in the SEER program. These age distributions were reevaluated after stratification by histopathologic type, race, and ER.

RESULTS
A bimodal distribution provided a better fit for the age distribution patterns than a single distribution for breast cancers overall and for all histologic types, except medullary carcinoma. However, the proportion of early-onset and late-onset tumors varied: ductal and tubular carcinomas demonstrated relatively equal proportions; lobular, papillary and mucinous tumors were associated with late-onset populations; and inflammatory and medullary tumors were more related to early-onset disease. Medullary carcinomas were exceptional in showing a single distribution irrespective of race and/or ER status. Of note, medullary breast carcinomas are rare tumors that are associated with germline mutations in BRCA1.

CONCLUSION
Most histopathologic types of breast carcinomas demonstrated a bimodal mixture of early- and late-onset cancer populations, possibly representing two major age-related causal pathways. These population-based results seem consistent with emerging molecular data, showing two main classes of breast cancer based upon cellular origin and ER expression. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


【The effect was investigated that aluminium in the zinc bath has on the coating adhesion of Hot-rolled Galvanized Iron(HGI) manufactured without pickling process. It is thought that the coating adhesion of HGI manufactured without pickling process is good due to the fact that increasing aluminium content in the zinc bath makes zinc and aluminium diffuse to the cracks or pores in the scale formed through the reduction heat treatment, and Fe-Zn-Al compound with good ductility is formed in the scale layer and plays a role of anchor between zinc coating and substrate. It is possible that HGI with the good coating adhesion was produced without pickling treatment in the zinc bath with more that 3wt% of Al content even at the $550^{\circ}C$ of conventional reduction heating temperature. In creasing the temperature of heating section and aluminium content in the zinc bath prevents the Zn-Fe alloy. The corrosion resistance of HGI manufactured without pickling process is excellent because of the mixed reaction of zinc sacrifice and aluminium passivity film.】


The flux of sensible heat between the surface and the atmosphere was determined from a variety of different instruments and methods. These instruments were a Bowen ratio station, a three-axis sonic anemometer-thermometer, a single-axis sonic anemometer with a thermocouple, and scintillometers. The methods employed were, respectively, energy balance, eddy correlation, and indirect dissipation. Comparison of the resulting sensible heat fluxes shows that they are in good agreement. Momentum flux is expressed in terms of the friction velocity and was obtained from several of the instruments by different methods. Friction velocity was obtained using eddy correlation of the three-axis sonic anemometer-thermometer data. The surface roughness was obtained from this data by application of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. Using this roughness length, friction velocity was obtained from wind speed and heat flux measured at the Bowen station by application of Monin-Obukhov similarity. Friction velocity was also obtained from the scintillometer data using the indirect dissipation method, which is an application of Monin-Obukhov similarity.


Currently, one of the tasks of the state socio-economic policy in Russia is to increase the role of regional authorities in the scientific and technological development of regions. One of the tools for solving this problem should be the development of a national rating of scientific and technological development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The Russian Academy of Sciences initiated the development of the index of scientific activity of the regions. This article suggests methodological approaches to the development of such an index, the main innovations of which should be an emphasis on the scientific development of regions (as opposed to the indices of innovative development), a separate assessment of the current level of development of science and its potential, an assessment of the scientific policy of regional authorities, an expanded range of indicators for training personnel for science, and starting from additional education of children. The possibilities of improving the indicators traditionally used to assess the scientific and technological development of regions are discussed, including in terms of more correct accounting of the activities of universities. It is proposed to develop a regional standard for scientific policy.


While training principals of Dalian middle scho ols and primary school s, we insisted keeping abreast of time and continued innovating and thus formed a diversified and effect-emphasized training pattern. The following are the basi c models: Training by classifying principals into different levels; providing mu lti-level all-staff training; training by cooperating with other colleges; train ing by internship; training by using specialized positions; providing training i n local schools; training by using forums, networks and meetings.


BACKGROUND:  Complement activation resulting in intravascular hemolysis can cause transfusion‐associated mortality. We recently showed that a recombinant soluble form of complement receptor 1 (CR1) effectively reduces complement‐mediated red blood cell (RBC) destruction in vitro and more importantly prolongs the survival of transfused human RBCs in mice. To determine CR1‐active sites that prevent RBC destruction, structure‐function analysis of its extracellular 1930‐amino‐acid domain has been performed.


The paper describes development of the technology for obtaining thermal plasticizer from the Kansk-Achinsk brown coal while using a method of thermal destruction  in а hydrocarbon medium: oil selective purification extract or used motor oil mixtures. Coal thermal plasticizers have been used for production of unsupported roll-fed water proofing materials. The paper shows an economic effect of which can be ensured while obtaining a thermal plasticizer from brown coal.


【Objective】To explore the methods of treatment for main tracheal tumor with high-frequency electro-cautery via electic bronchoscope. 【Methods】 12 cases with main tracheal obstructive tumor had been excised by high-frequency electrocautery via electic bronchoscope, and their curative effect was analyzed. 【Results】19 Physical therapies had been done in 12 patients all together. Each one of 6 patients had been done for one physical therapy; each one of 5 patients had been done for two physical therapies, one patients had been done for three physical therapies. After treatment, the symptom of patients were alleviative remarkably. The effective rate was 91.7%. 【Conclusion】 It can rapidly relief airway obstruction to treat main tracheal tumor with high-frequency electrocautery via electric bronchoscope. The methods is simple and effective with few complications.


Edison was already recognized in his time, in spite of rivalries and jokes, as a luminary of the technological progress, to the extent of being mythicized as the "Wizard of Menlo Park"1. The phonograph, despite its precedents and its deficiencies, was one of his most famous inventions. In this current age of great development of audiovisual media, it is difficult to understand the fascination with this device, which is proven by a large number of references in various original or translated writings (even monographic articles and books), in which some clues can be found. First of all, the phonograph, as a fulfilment of an elementary idea, could be used to endorse the positivist model and to promote trust in the great possibilities of technology, as well as contribute to its humanization. Lasarte proclaimed that "the phonograph and the telephone by themselves had provoked an actual revolution, up to the point that some wondered if everything could be resolved" "thanks to human intelligence"2. On the other hand, the


The concept of Smart Specialisation (SS) has gained momentum in the policy debate about the efficient use of public investments within well -identified geographical and institutional contexts (Capello et al, 2014; Camagni and Capello, 2013; Foray et al, 2011; OECD, 2013). As discussed by Boschma (2014), the SS concept shar es the main principles of the construction of regional advantages (CRA), which re quires regions to identify technology based development patterns, drawing upon knowledge, variety and policy platforms (Oughton et al., 2002; Asheim et al., 2011).


We have determined the crystal structure of a phosphatase with a unique substrate binding domain from Thermotoga maritima, TM0651 (gi 4981173), at 2.2 Å resolution by selenomethionine single‐wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) techniques. TM0651 is a member of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily, with sequence homology to trehalose‐6‐phosphate phosphatase and sucrose‐6F‐phosphate phosphohydrolase. Selenomethionine labeled TM0651 crystallized in space group C2 with three monomers per asymmetric unit. Each monomer has approximate dimensions of 65 × 40 × 35 Å3, and contains two domains: a domain of known hydrolase fold characteristic of the HAD family, and a domain with a new tertiary fold consisting of a six‐stranded β‐sheet surrounded by four α‐helices. There is one disulfide bond between residues Cys35 and Cys265 in each monomer. One magnesium ion and one sulfate ion are bound in the active site. The superposition of active site residues with other HAD family members indicates that TM0651 is very likely a phosphatase that acts through the formation of a phosphoaspartate intermediate, which is supported by both NMR titration data and a biochemical assay. Structural and functional database searches and the presence of many aromatic residues in the interface of the two domains suggest the substrate of TM0651 is a carbohydrate molecule. From the crystal structure and NMR data, the protein likely undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding.


Sixteen LMR spectra for the low N (N′, N″⩽3) transitions of the vibration (v = 1←0) band of PD (X 3Σ−) were observed by using seven 12C 16O laser lines. Analysis has yielded rotational, spin–spin, and spin–rotation constants for the v = 0 and 1 states and the band origin. The band origin ν0 has been determined to be 1653.2858(36) cm−1.


In work attempt of consideration of contradictions of influence of institutional and not institutional mechanisms on formation of health saving behavior of the population and person. At considerable efforts of the state in the field of modernization of health care, realization of a priority of health of the population, development of preventive measures, the state of health of Russians continues to worsen on many indicators. The reason seems that emphasis is placed on institutional mechanisms while not institutional means of formation of health saving behavior don´t gain due development. Discrepancy of institutional and not institutional mechanisms leads to that in everyday life informal habitual installations within which health is understood as tool value continue to dominate, the low level of knowledge and motivation to a healthy lifestyle is noted. Overcoming of the designated contradictions seems in synchronization of institutional and not institutional factors.


YouTube is the world's largest open-access media sharing platform and contains much content on Neurosurgery. Inserting an External Ventricular Drain is a common procedure, often performed by neurosurgical trainees to treat emergency hydrocephalus. We set out to evaluate the content on EVD insertion posted on YouTube and its usefulness for trainees in learning the procedure

 A YouTube keyword search was conducted to identify videos on EVD insertion. Inclusion criteria was used to find videos specifically aimed to EVD insertion. We devised a scoring sheet to give each video an educational score (0-20), which two independent reviewers used to analyse the included videos.

 A total of 12/556 videos met the inclusion criteria. Dates posted ranged from 01/07/2012 to 24/04/2019, with views ranging from 359 – 166,388 (mean 30531, SD 49, 570). The mean educational score was 6.91 (SD 3.86), with only four videos scoring 10 or greater. There was a strong correlation between viewership and educational score (R .085 p <.001).

 The majority of YouTube content relating to EVD insertion is not useful to trainees, but useful content can attract a greater viewership. There is an opportunity for Neurosurgeons and Institutions to gain exposure on YouTube with high-quality open-access educational content.