The sense of hardship is a national politics leader's necessary responsibility consciousness.As the chief designer of China's reform and open policy and the modernization,Deng Xiaoping's sense of hardship on one hand comes from his traditional culture spirit inheriting to China,on the other hand,it comes from his reflections on the modern society.The analysis of Deng Xiaoping' s sense of hardship may help us have a more profound understanding of Deng Xiaoping thought theory.


INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 403 I. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROLE OF COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICYMAKING ............................................. 405 A. Overview of Cost-Benefit Analysis Methodology ................ 405 B. Development of the Role of Cost-Benefit Analysis in U.S. Regulatory Policymaking ................................................ 408 C. Development of Cost-Benefit Analysis with Respect to Environmental Policy Specifically .................................. 410 II. THE APPARENT CONFLICT BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ADVOCATES AND ECONOMIC POLICY TECHNOCRATS ... 411 A. Environmental Justice Advocates Are Skeptical That Economic Policy Analysis Can Address Their Concerns Effectively ........................................................ 411 B. Skepticism of Technocrats Regarding Incorporation of Environmental Justice Concerns into Cost-Benefit Analysis ........................................................................... 417 III. OVERCOMING THE CURRENT STANDOFF: APPROACHES TO INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE VALUES INTO ECONOMIC POLICY ANALYSIS ................................................... 421 IV. CASE STUDIES: APPLICATIONS OF THE APPROACHES TO TWO CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ISSUES ..................... 426 A. Climate Change Regulation (domestic and international environmental justice issue) ............................................ 427 B. Pesticide Regulation (domestic environmental justice issue) .. 431 CONCLUSION ................................................................................ 439


Jacobson (1999) proposes an account of anaphora that eschews variables and variable assignments, instead treating pronouns as identity functions and extending functional application with operations that pass up and close off anaphoric dependencies. I review the central aspects of Jacobson's variable-free semantics, counterpoising it with standard accounts of anaphora. I discuss conceptual and empirical virtues of Jacobson's theory, and some shortcomings. I sketch an alternative compositional implementation of variable-free semantics that draws on certain design features of the standard account, connect this approach to the computer science concept of 'applicative functors' (and thereby to frameworks as varied as alternative semantics and continuations), and clarify which of the variable-free theory's properties should be regarded as proprietary, and which can be easily repurposed into a theory with variables. 1 Reviewing the standard account Formal semantic theories characterize the kinds of meanings expressions can have and the procedure that compositionally assembles meanings for complex constituents from the meanings of their parts. A simple model in the Fregean vein is given below: (1) says that meanings can either be entities (type e), propositions (type t), or functions from meanings to meanings; (2) says that the meaning of a binary branching node is gotten by doing functional application on the meanings of its daughters (throughout this paper, all binary compositional rules should be assumed to have 'backwards' variants, in which the function is on the right, and the argument on the left; I'll leave such rules implicit).1 τ ::= e | t | τ → τ (1) If 'Lƒ = f : a→ b, and 'Rƒ = x : a, 'L Rƒ := 'Lƒ'Rƒ : b. (2) Figure 1 represents this grammar as a simple deductive system. Rule (2) is characterized by the inference scheme on the left. Reading bottom-up: given (an expression denoting) a function f of type a→ b and (an expression denoting) an argument x of type a, the semantic value of the two together is f x, of type b. Two notational points are in order. First, to encourage the reader to reason using types rather than values, I set the latter in gray. Second, the reason I present derivations bottom-up is that the resulting 'upside-down' proof trees echo the syntactic structures 1 Here is a summary of the notational conventions used throughout this paper. First, types: 'a ::= b' means that type a is being defined as b; 'a→ b' names the type of functions from type a to type b; and 'x : a' means that x has type a. Second, parentheses are dropped whenever possible, under the following conventions: types associate to the right, such that a→ b→ c is equivalent to a→ (b→ c); dually, application associates to the left, such that 'f xy ' is equivalent to '(f (x))(y)'. Finally, 'λx∆' names the function f such that for all type-appropriate d, f d = ∆x:=d (that is, ∆ with d substituted for x). 1 SLAP-VFS_final.tex p 2021/05/10 22:00


In this section, consider the differences between two types of changes in a system: Those that occur spontaneously and those that occur by force. In doing so, we'll gain an understanding as to why some systems are naturally inclined to change in one direction under certain conditions and how relatively quickly or slowly that natural change proceeds. We'll also gain insight into how the spontaneity of a process affects the distribution of energy and matter within the system.


A certain field operation equipment with high-power parts installed internally operates in high-temperature environment.To guarantee the heat reliability of the internal parts,heat analysis and thermal control is indispensable,hence the success of thermal design becomes the key to the physical design of the equipment.This paper introduces the process of solving successfully the problem of heat dissipation by way of thermal design simulation with the aid of Icepack thermal design software in the equipment design.Tests prove that the result of heat analysis is very close to the actual situation.


Increasing bandwidth demands, caused by growing numbers of users, increasing popularity of the Internet, multi-media services, and higher demands on quality, urge the development of ever faster networks. To meet these demands, optical techniques are being introduced in public networks but on a link-to-link basis. This paper addresses future networks that will be to a large extent alloptical. A comparison is made of the strengths and weaknesses of two multiplexing techniques: wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and space division multiplexing (SDM). It is prompted by the fact that both SDM and WDM are viable options for the optical layer of all-optical networks. Several issues are considered: switches, singleand multi-hop operation, core and access network, and scalability.


The properties of jets produced in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation have been investigated using data taken with the Mark 1 detector at SPEAR. The momentum distributions parallel and perpendicular to the jet axis were measured for all charged tracks, for K/sup 0/'s, and for rho/sup 0/'s. The K/sup 0/ and rho/sup 0/ Pt/sup 2/ distributions are well fit by the form dn/dPt/sup 2/ = A exp(-B/sup +/ Pt/sup 2/) with B = 4.6 +/- 0.2 for K/sup 0/'s and 5 +/- 1 for rho/sup 0/'s. The charged particle Pt/sup 2/ distribution cannot be fit with a single exponential, but is similar to that of K/sup 0/'s and rho/sup 0/'s above Pt/sup 2/ approx. 0.2 GeV/sup 2/. The charged particle and K/sup 0/ parallel momentum distributions are similar in shape and approximately exponential. The production of rho/sup 0/'s at low parallel momentum is suppressed. The average number of rho/sup 0/'s per event is 0.4 +/- 0.1. 59 figures, 7 tables.


We investigate a MIMO spatial-multiplexing (SM) system with linear decoding at the receiver. The majority of existing MIMO transmission schemes, such as V-BLAST, focus primarily upon spatial multiplexing and can only offer diversity advantages if the number of receiver antennas exceeds the number of transmitters. We propose a rate-preserving linear coding and linear decoding algorithm that, through power weighting, allows for a tradeoff between spatial multiplexing and receiver diversity/array gain while preserving the data-rate under the same modulation. The optimal tradeoff between SM and receiver diversity/array gain for a given MIMO system is also investigated.


The main aim of this thesis is to develop a new temperature profile control strategy for kaolin calcination in the multiple hearth furnace (MHF) in order to improve the quality of the product. The overall control strategy for the MHF is developed as a three level control hierarchy: optimizing level, stabilizing level, and basic level. In the literature part of the thesis, first, the kaolin and its formation process is discussed. Next, the general information about calcination process is provided and the calcination of kaolin is discussed. Finally, few past researches having similar objective to this study are reviewed to study the various different control approaches developed so far and the possibility to implement them in our study. In the experimental part, analysis of the process is carried using the experimental data. During the data analysis, activation/ deactivation of the exothermic reaction in the hearth 4 is seen, which is crucial in determining the temperature profile of the furnace. Hence, the soft sensor based on the energy balance to estimate the intensity of the exothermic reaction, which plays a key role in developing the control strategy for the MHF, is developed. Both the static and dynamic energy balance equations are presented, calculated and compared in order to study the dynamic behaviour in the process. It is seen that the dynamic energy balance provides more accurate results than the static energy balance due to the consideration of the transition period.


Aesthetic resources of the morphological category of gender of the noun are considered. Some aspects of the analysis of aesthetic resources of grammatical gender are revealed. These aspects are related to the study of the main categories of aesthetics and literary criticism: a) the comic; b) traditions connected with the poetic form of literary speech; c) figurativeness of the text; d) individual peculiarities of the author's style.


A review of developments to date in the field of optical chemical sensors based on solgel- derived thin films is presented. The focus throughout is on those publications which have made a significant contribution to the area. The advantages and versatility of the solgel process are highlighted, with particular emphasis on the immobilisation of analytesensitive reagents. Possible sensing configurations are evaluated with respect to practicality and performance. Those problems, such as microstructural instability and leaching, which may restrict sol-gel sensors to short-term or disposable use are discussed and possible solutions are identified.


The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is currently developing a new casting simulation tool (known as Telluride) that employs robust, high-resolution finite volume algorithms for incompressible fluid flow, volume tracking of interfaces, and solidification physics on three-dimensional (3-D) unstructured meshes. Their finite volume algorithms are based on colocated cell-centered schemes that are formally second order in time and space. The flow algorithm is a 3-D extension of recent work on projection method solutions of the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. Their volume tracking algorithm can accurately track topologically complex interfaces by approximating the interface geometry as piecewise planar. Coupled to their fluid flow algorithm is a comprehensive binary alloy solidification model that incorporates macroscopic descriptions of heat transfer, solute redistribution, and melt convection as well as a microscopic description of segregation. The finite volume algorithms, which are efficient, parallel, and robust, can yield high-fidelity solutions on a variety of meshes, ranging from those that are structured orthogonal to fully unstructured (finite element). The authors discuss key computer science issues that have enabled them to efficiently parallelize their unstructured mesh algorithms on both distributed and shared memory computing platforms. These include their functionally object-oriented use of Fortran 90 and new parallel libraries for gather/scatter functions (PGSLib) and solutions of linear systems of equations (JTpack90). Examples of their current capabilities are illustrated with simulations of mold filling and solidification of complex 3-D components currently being poured in LANL foundries.


This paper investigates changes in perceptions of housework fairness as men and women transition from cohabitation to marriage and into parenthood. Our previous research has found that women's time on housework increases after marriage and the birth of children, whereas men's time on housework remains the same or decreases slightly with these life course transitions. There is also considerable evidence from previous research that women tend to report that housework divisions are fair even though they undertake the bulk of this work. We use 4 waves of data from the Negotiating the Life Course study to investigate how men's and women's perceptions of housework fairness change in relation to marital status and parenthood transitions. We first present descriptive data on perceptions of housework fairness for men and women and then report the results of a random effects model predicting fairness perceptions controlling for time spent on housework and other key variables. Our analyses enable comparisons of perception of fairness for men and women across family type, but also shows how perceptions change in relation to life course transitions.


A field trial was conducted during 2010 rainy season at the Research and Teaching farm of Audu Bako college of Agriculture Dambatta, to evaluate the influence of different tillage practices on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogea). The tillagepractices evaluated weremaximum tillage(primary and secondary), minimum tillage and zero tillage practices. The combination was replicated three times in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Hand-held hoe was manually used to prepare the soil to the specific depth. The result of this the work indicates that zero tillage was significantly differentfrom all the parameters measured which include plant height, canopy spread, shelling percentage, one hundred seed weight and pod yield in which 26.86cm, 57.30cm, 48.32%, 60.25g and 200.28kg/ha as against 23.49cmand 20.84cm, 50.05cm, and 43.54% and 32.42%, 52.32g and 50.14g and 160kg/ha and 110.25kg/ha, respectively obtained under minimum and maximum tillage respectively. Keyword: maximum tillage, minimum tillage, zero tillage, canopy spread shelling percentage. ————————————————————


The surfaces of titanium specimens were modified by immersion in calcium phosphate buffered solutions (pH 5.8, 7.0, 8.0) for 10 days and simulated body fluid(SBF) for 30 days by turns. The modified surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffractometery(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer(FT-IR), and compared with specimen immersed in only SBF. The results indicated that the immersion in calcium phosphate buffered solutions accelerated the formation of the surface films. The formed layer showed granular shaped microstructure, and recognized as calcium phosphate such as a hydroxyapatite(HA) or a -tri-calcium phosphate(-TCP). The thickness of the layer increased of the buffered solutions in order of pH 8.0, 7.0 and 5.8 and the density increased in order of pH 7.0, 8.0 and 5.8.


A three dimensional computational fluid dynamics model, using the STAR-CD software, has been developed to simulate fluid flow in a commonly used flanged ball valve at different partially open settings. The Reynolds number (Re) range for the flow simulations was varied between 105 and 106 to simulate a variety of flow conditions. Each flow Re number is studied with three open positions for the valve, i.e., fully open, two-thirds open, and one-third open. The simulation was used to calculate two important parameters used in characterizing the flow properties in a typical valve namely the loss coefficient, K , and the flow coefficient, Cv . An attempt was also made to compare some of the simulation results with experimental data and available American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) data on valves. The simulations agree reasonably well with recently published experimental results and indicate that in most cases the K factor is independent of Re . The ASHRAE data for...


Faceting and lateral overgrowth have been investigated for Ge selectively grown on Si(001) substrates in trench regions bound by SiO2 sidewalls. In wet-etched large trenches with sloped sidewalls, Ge faceting behavior was similar to Si and SixGe1−x faceting: slow-growing {113} facets dominate, with {111} facets expanding as the layer became thicker. However, the {111} facet length for Ge was much smaller than that of Si; this can be explained in terms of mass transport and accumulation, as well as energy minimization and the higher surface diffusivity of Ge. In dry-etched small trenches with vertical sidewalls, minimization of the high-energy interface area between Ge and SiO2 appears to be most critical in determining faceting morphology. Overgrowth of Ge led to void formation at the oxide interface, presumably to avoid the high-energy Ge/SiO2 interface. Upon coalescence of lateral-growth regions, fast-growing (001) forms and dominates subsequent growth. Thus, the total thickness of the overgrown Ge laye...


Data deduplication technology is known as lossless data compression strategy primarily focuses on the strategy of deletion of repeated data. So, with the use of this technology the cost of data transmission and storage can be considerably reduced. In the facebook or whatsapp applications there is a huge volume of image and video data. If a celebrity tweets on twitter then it will be broadcasted. Famous images are also duplicated number of times. If similar operations of this type occur every time, it will cause a lot of waste of available storage space on the server. So just to increase available storage volume is not going to eradicate the problem. So there should be an image deduplication process that should be applied to the all available social networks worldwide. To increase the security in the deduplication system, it is proposed that the image will be encrypted as well as decrypted with a convergent encryption key which is acquired by mathematical computing the hash cost of the available image data. So there is need of encryption, compression and data deduplication strategy to deal with this type of situation. So the main objective of this paper is to propose a new hybrid compression strategy that can compress the data at suitable dimensions with the help of a suitable encryption technique at client side before compression mechanism. In the end of process the final image of fed to server for the purpose of image deduplication strategy that can remove or delete the duplicated data. Comparison of proposed scheme with the existing searchable encryption schemes with respect to memory size will also be done. The comparison results show the efficiency of proposed scheme.


This paper discusses methodological considerations in research investigating processes of asynchronous online learning. It challenges existing conceptualisations of online discourse which foreground the cognitive dimension of computer-mediated interactions. Informed by two studies about online university courses at the Open University, UK and the University of Otago, NZ, the paper emphasises the need to re-examine the relationship between the cognitive, the social and the affective aspects of shared work. Based on socio-cultural theorising, it calls for a new framework for the analysis of online discourse which recognizes these three aspects as closely interlinked and central in the process of shared knowledge building.


The paper draws on the theory of learning by Knut Illeris to interpret data from qualitative research in intergenerational learning at Czech primary and secondary schools. It is focused on describing the forms of interaction through which intergenerational learning among teachers takes place, i.e., perception, transmission, experience, imitation, and participation. The paper also pays attention to the content of intergenerational learning.


This research was conducted at the Department of Industrial Engineering as part of the department at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University which has applied information technology to support every academic activity, information media, and services. Likewise the library which is part of the academic facilities in industrial engineering matters. However, in the current condition the library does not have an information system as a form of service improvement and information technology utilization. In service activities and the availability of information in the library it was found that industrial engineering students have not provided information system support, specifically regarding search reference books, and research. A general search for references for this book is handled by the industrial engineering library. Based on this problem, therefore an information system based website will be designed using a CMS (Content Management System) because it can meet the management system, management information system, and present information to users. The information system in this study was designed using the FAST (Framework for Application of System Technique) method in which there is an analysis using PIECES (Performance, Information, Economic, Control, Efficiency and Service) therein. This method provides a model for analyzing and defining user needs, choosing solutions and making an organized system for designing information systems.


Objectives As an alternative to amphotericin B used for selective digestive decontamination, physicians asked the hospital pharmacy for the preparation of nystatin capsules 500 000 IU. Methods Three methods were considered for the routine control: liquid chromatography (LC), flow injection analysis (FIA) and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. An isocratic LC method with UV detection was developed. A Hypersil BDS C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm) thermostated at 30°C was used as the stationary phase. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer pH 6.0 methanol (35:65, v/v). Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and run time was 25 min. Detection was operated at 305 nm and spectra were registered between 190 and 400 nm. 10 µL were injected. FIA used LC equipment in which the stationary phase was replaced by a PEEK capillary (164 cm, 0.13 mm internal diameter) with water flow (1.0 mL/min; 25°C). 10 µL were injected. UV spectrophotometry used a double beam spectrophotometer set at 305 nm. Solutions of nystatin (reference and samples) were prepared in methanol for FIA and LC (0.36 mg/mL). For UV spectrophotometry, a subsequent dilution (1:50, v/v) with ammonium acetate buffer/methanol (50:50, v/v) was needed. Results The three methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. In the case of LC, ruggedness of the method was tested. Three batches of hospital preparations were analysed by each method. Conclusions For routine control, UV spectrophotometry or FIA would be the methods of choice (rapid, easy). The LC method could be used to perform stability studies.


Real-time network verification promises to automatically detect violations of network-wide reachability invariants on the data plane. To be useful in practice, these violations need to be detected in the order of milliseconds, without raising false alarms. To date, most real-time data plane checkers address this problem by exploiting at least one of the following two observations: (i) only small parts of the network tend to be affected by typical changes to the data plane, and (ii) many different packets tend to share the same forwarding behaviour in the entire network. This paper shows how to effectively exploit a third characteristic of the problem, namely: similarity among forwarding behaviour of packets through parts of the network, rather than its entirety. We propose the first provably amortized quasi-linear algorithm to do so. We implement our algorithm in a new real-time data plane checker, Delta-net. Our experiments with SDN-IP, a globally deployed ONOS software-defined networking application, and several hundred million IP prefix rules generated using topologies and BGP updates from real-world deployed networks, show that Delta-net checks a rule insertion or removal in approximately 40 microseconds on average, a more than 10X improvement over the state-of-the-art. We also show that Delta-net eliminates an inherent bottleneck in the state-of-the-art that restricts its use in answering Datalog-style "what if" queries.


Recently more and more emphasis has been laid on reducing the emission of carbon dioxide. Attempts are undertaken to reduce the emission of this gas through the works on the low-emission technologies of fuel combustion. Another way to lower the emission of CO2 is to capture the gas and deposit it in deep geological layers. One of the options of geological sequestration, next already applied the EOR method (Nagy & Olajossy, 2008; Nunez-Lopez et al., 2008) is pumping CO2 into deep, fully exploited or unexploited beds of hard coal. The issue of carbon dioxide sorption studies is presently handled with regard to the possibility of sequestrating this gas in deep geological structures. Considering the depth of the storage centre and assuming that hydrostatic pressure gradient at the level of 10 MPa/km and the geothermal gradient at the level of 30 K/km (Tarkowski, 2005), it is expected that the stored carbon dioxide will appear in the supercritical state. The supercritical phase shows the properties of a gas with high density, close to the density of fluid substances which changes depending on the pressure and temperature in the range from 200 up to 900 kg/m 3 (Fig. 1) (Holloway and Savage, 1996). The definition of supercritical adsorption which is presented in the work is ambiguous in the literature, due to various approaches regarding the definition of the supercritical phase (fluid). One of the approaches says that the fluid is supercritical when both the temperature and the pressure reach values above the critical point. However, adsorption in supercritical conditions (supercritical adsorption) is commonly interpreted to be a process which takes place in a temperature above the critical temperature (Toth, 2002). The work presents experimental results of studies on CO2 sorption on high rank coal obtained from the Lower Silesian Coal Basin. The table 1 provides selected results of the chemical, technological and density analysis (Nodzenski, 2000). The measurements have been carried out with the use of original volume apparatus designed to examine the sorption of gases in the supercritical area. The developed apparatus also makes it possible to measure the sorption of mixtures (e.g. CO2 + CH4). After the state of balance is established, it is also possible to source the free (unsorbed) phase disturbing the sorption balance. The principle of sorption measurement at increased pressures by the volume method consists in decompressing a gas of a known pressure and volume from the batching space to an ampoule containing a sorbent. Knowing the dead volume of the apparatus and the volume of the batcher, it is possible to calculate the absorbed quantity by means of the gas laws. The presented calculation procedure takes into account the CO2 deviations from the properties of the ideal gas. The gas molar volume for a given pressure and temperature has been calculated by means of two equations: the Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State and the Span-Wagner multi-parameter equation (Michalowski & Wankowicz, 1993; Span and Wagner, 1996). The figure 3 shows that up to the pressures of about 2.5 MPa, the molar volumes calculated with the use of both equations of state are convergent. In case of higher pressures, the calculated values show differences. Following the sorption isotherms obtained at a subcritical temperature, the thermal equation of sorption (Czepirski & Jagiello, 1989) was used to generate an isotherm in 323 K which was then confronted with an isotherm obtained through an experiment. An unsatisfactory correspondence was found between the isotherm generated by means of the thermal sorption equation and the isotherm obtain in course of the experiment (Fig. 4). The gas capacity values obtained as a result of prediction are overestimated by about 5 dm 3 /kg which testifies to a significant change of properties of the arrangement after the critical temperature is exceeded.


Cyproterone acetate (CA) was administered to a group of 6 normal healthy males in 2-100 mg doses daily continuously for a period of 16-20 weeks in order to test the effect of CA on the male reproductive system. This dosage is the norm for treatment of benign or malignant prostatic hypertrophy. Sperm counts fell off after an average of 8 weeks experimentation and reached the level of functional sterility by an average of 13 weeks. Morphological abnormality of the sperm increased over time. Sperm motility decreased. Libido and potency decreased sharply. All these functions returned to normal within a few weeks after administration of CA was stopped. The drug also caused moderate decreases in testicular germ cell numbers and testosterone levels of plasma and urine. No changes resulted in levels of plasma or urinary interstitial cell-stimulating hormone follicle stimulating hormone or in Leydig cell morphology or number. Liver and kidney functions continued normally. Indications are that the major site of inhibition is in the testis not in the epididymis or ductular system. Reduced testosterone level even without androgen deprivation could cause all of these changes. The indication is that CA is a powerful antifertility agent. The undesirable effects of loss of libido and impotency may be abolished by reducing the dosage. By maintaining a dosage of sufficient strength CA could be used as a male contraceptive.


1) Department of Molecular Biology, Tokyo University of Pharm. Life Science, Tokyo, Japan 2) The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan 3) Innovative Technology Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan 4) Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan 5) Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan 6) Department of Chemistry, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan 7) Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan


In the course of a spectroscopic investigation of the O-type stars in the Magellanic Clouds, a population of luminous Be stars was serendipitously encountered. They are here referred to as extreme Be stars, following the terminology used by Schild (1966) for a population of Be stars in the region of h and Chi Persei which lie significantly above the main sequence. As members of the Clouds, their luminosities and intrinsic colors can be determined directly. A comparison of these new high-luminosity Be stars with known H-beta-emission-line supergiants in the Clouds is made in both the optical and UV spectral regions. The Galactic counterparts of these Be stars are also discussed. Although these Be stars are an average of several magnitudes brighter than those in the Galaxy, this may in part be a selection effect.


Effect of two-phase culture on Mentha piperita cell growth and essential oil formation was investigated using shake flask and air-lift bioreactors. LiChroprep RP-B(RP-B) addition did not impair M. piperita cell growth, but resulted in stimulated formation of essential oils and increased ratios of extracellular oil to intracellular oil formation. However, the combined use of RP-B and chitosan elicitor was not synergistic. Volumetric productivity of essential oils in RP-B treated culture using cell-recycled air-lift bioreactor was which was substantially higher than that obtainable from the control. Our results demonstrate the potential of a second phase to enhance overall productivity for M. piperita cell culture.


This paper discusses work in progress in integrating persistence into the University of Washington IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) server to take advantage of the benefits provided by persistence over the flat file storage model. The traditional flat file storage model involves complicated and error prone locking mechanisms (due mainly to legacy UNIX file locking protocols) and does not easily support indexing operations. We have replaced the flat file back end of the IMAP server with a module that uses C++ data structures, thereby allowing the programmer a much easier way to implement searching/storage algorithms and data structures. It is also hoped that it will provide insights into the application development cycle of a real persistent application.


The literature is replete with reports on furo-1,2 and thieno-(2,3-b)quinoline2 syntheses. But hitherto, there is only one report on the selenium3 and no report on the tellurium analogs. In connection with our work1,2 on furo(2,3-b)quinolines, we prepared several 3-(2′-hydroxyethyl)-2-quinolones and we felt that it might be possible to transform them, by an appropriate sequence, into the corresponding selenolo- and tellurolo-(2,3-b)-quinolines. Recently we have reported3 the synthesis of several 2,3-dihydroselenolo-(2,3-b)quinolines, achieved through the use of 2-chloro-3-(2′-chloroethyl)quinolines, obtained from the corresponding 3-(2′-hydroxyethyl)-2-quinolones by POCl3-treatment. Simultaneously we were exploring the feasibility of obtaining the tellurium analogs in a similar fashion.


The present invention relates to a method for joining two joining members, said activatable means of a thermal adhesive and a sheet-like heating element arranged therein are connected by suitable heating of the adhesive. The invention also relates to a composite produced in this way consists of two joining elements, and an arrangement adapted to perform a corresponding method.


The CAOS camera invention is described that allows high security full spectrum (350 nm to 2700 nm) extreme linear dynamic range bright target imaging. First time experiments highlight real-time simultaneous tracking of bright visible and infrared laser beams.


The authors present a new knowledge representation that can embed rules, frames and numerical models in an object-oriented environment, and problem-solving strategy based on the knowledge representation. The representation and problem-solving strategy can implement the architecture and functions of the meta-system. Currently, a powerful knowledge representation environment, namely Meta-COOP, has been developed using the embedded knowledge representation methodology. The Meta-COOP is coded in C, and run under UNIX, VMS and DOS operating systems for SUN workstation, VAX and PC 486 machines.


In order to increase stakeholders' comprehension on software requirements, Use Cases can be enhanced with screen mock-ups (i.e., GUI prototypes sketched with a special conceived graphical tool). However, the effort to write Use Cases augmented with screen mockups may increase, thus not justifying their adoption in the requirements engineering process.
 In this paper we present a preliminary empirical study to assess the effort needed to develop screen mockups. We first computed the time to define and design screen mockups and then we collected the subjects' perceptions about the effort to build them. Additionally, we collected also the subjects' perceptions about the tool used to produce screen mockups. The results indicate that the subjects: (i) perceive screen mockups construction as a non-onerous activity, (ii) believe that this activity requires a low effort as compared to the writing of Use Cases, and (iii) deem simple the use of the tool for sketching screen mockups.


Aphrodisium sauteri is one of the most dangerous forest pests in China and has caused extensive mortality of oak trees in Huangshan mountains.In this study we surveyed the possibility of using the entomopathogenic fungus,Beauveria bassiana as a biological control agent against the notorious longhorn beetle.Here eight strains of B.bassiana,isolated from different longhorn beetles,were employed as the candidate strains against the pest insect.As the preliminary screening,the biological characteristics of these eight strains,including colony morphology,growth rate,sporulation,germination rate,drought tolerance,and extracellular protease production,were examined.Based on the comparison of the biological characteristics,three strains Bb202,Bb646 and Bb1898 among the tested strains were adopted for further bioassay against A.sauteri larvae.The bioassay results showed that Bb202 showed the highest virulence on the target beetle with a mortality of 93.3%,and the median lethal time(LT_50)was 5.86 d at a concentration of 1×107 conidia /mL.Thus Bb202 exhibits the great potential as one of the biological control agents for the sustainable control of A.sauteri in the future.


Environmental sustainability plays an important role for future mobility and thereby for car manufacturers and their suppliers. Regarding the increasing focus on renewable energy and on an efficient use of energy electromobility is seen as a solution for energy and environmental challenges. Many countries want to increase the share of electric cars and have set themselves ambitious targets. Car manufacturers are working on the development of drives with experienced companies in the electrical engineering. Regarding the production of electrical drives the main challenges are creating simple and robust automotive products for a new and very dynamic market environment. In this context manufacturing management ensures the necessary productivity and quality to match the requirements of the automotive industry. In this research paper we analyzed the requirements for a balanced scorecard that can be used within the production of an automotive supplier for electric drives. The work is based on a qualitative analysis of requirements for balanced scorecard. The resulting balanced scorecard consists of three main components: communication and promotion, transparency and information, and control. We identified 22 KPIs to manage and control the production of electric car drives.


The micro-grating accelerometer, as a representative micro-optical electromechanical system accelerometer, is studied widely on account of the advantages of small size and high-resolution performance. The extreme accuracy of the micro-grating accelerometer is restricted mainly by the noise floor. In order to improve the performance of the micro-grating accelerometer, a dual modulation method is proposed, which is combined with intensity modulation and phase modulation. The intensity modulation can move the signal to a high frequency, and the light source noise is suppressed perfectly by combining phase modulation. The dual modulation method is verified by constructing the micro-grating accelerometer prototype. Based on the two conditions above, the impact of 1/f noise is diminished. By comparison, the fluctuation of the system at 0.01 g (1  g=9.8  m/s2) is reduced by about 3 dB, which is in line with expectations. The power spectral density image shows that the system noise floor reaches −50  dB with a decrease of about 10 dB. We hope that the low-noise micro-grating accelerometer will be used generally in the future.


Abstract Laboratory studies using seed of Leptospermum seoparium J. R. et G. Forst. collected from tagged trees in the Waitakere Ranges near Auckland showed that there was a low overall germination percentage but substantial variation in germination from tree to tree. Germination rate but not final percentage was affected by temperature and by alternating periods of dehydration WIth periods of adequate availability of water. Only a very low total incident radiation was necessary for germination but germination was reduced 10 the dark. It is probable that the low germination percentage is a result of a high proportion of non-VIable seed. There was no evidence of dormancy and, in the Auckland region, it is likely that the major 'seed bank'is present in the unshed capsules rather than on the ground surface.


Peter McLaren's Pedagogy of Insurrection offers a tour de force for educators and workers interested in finding a way out of a social universe that is becoming, with each passing day, increasingly savage, imprisoned, despoiled and dominated by an out-of-control finance capital. McLaren brings more than three decades of experience as an educator, activist, and global revolutionary to over four hundred pages of biting critique and capitalist-smashing analysis.


Background:  Ambiguity remains about the effectiveness of wearing surgical face masks. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact on surgical site infections (SSIs) when non‐scrubbed operating room staff did not wear surgical face masks.


Hoi An is a town famous as a perfect preserver of the traditional Chinese architecture in 17th century. From 17th century, the Nguyen dynasty, the State of Vietnam opened ports in Hoi An and started trade relations with other counties, which led to Hoi An's hundreds of years of prosperity and made it the economic and cultural centre of mid-southern Vietnam. Hoi An was a gathering place of businessmen from China, Japan, India, Netherlands, and many other European countries; most immigrants coming to Hoi An were from costal areas of China (Fujian and Guangdong Province). Loitering in this ancient town, you will be immersed in its long history and the aura of Chinese elements: many classical Chinese architecture, like quadrangles and eye-gate, have completely different style from Vietnam's traditional architecture. These constructions not only marked the national identification of Chinese people, but also symbolized the cultural conversation between two countries. In 1999, Hoi An, the town full of Chinese style, was formally recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, recommended as "an example of a South-East Asian trading port dating from the 17th to the 19th century". In mid 16th century, many Chinese businessmen, as well as many foreign ships, had come to this port for trading. Hoi An hence became a prosperous port, in which Chinese people played an exceptionally important role. The Chinese businessmen influenced the trading process in the middle Vietnam (south of Quang Binh Province), and the Chinese immigrants had brought more color for the social life of Hoi An. The Chinese culture transported by them deeply took root in Hoi An, integrated with Hoi An's indigenous culture, and became a indispensable part of Hoi An's culture or even middle Vietnam's culture. In this ancient town, Chinese culture is shown in many details of life: architecture, cuisine, clothes, religion, rituals and the like. These tangible and intangible took their root in 17th century as Chinese people came; today, they are still well-preserved, making Hoi An a showcase of the longest and the most unique Chinese culture in the history of Vietnam, as well as one of the most important world heritage sites. As for the history of the development of Hoi An's Chinese people in 17th and 18th century, there have been many related studies by local and foreign scholars; however, most of them focus on their special field, like the business or the architecture. This research, by analyzing the pedigree of three big Chinese family—La's family, Diep's family and Luu's family—intends to have a deeper understanding of the development of the identification of Chinese groups in Hoi An. The economy, society and culture of Hoi An has been considerably influenced by the immigration of these three families; the ups and downs of Hoi An were close connected with Chinese people. Although the records of the three families' hundreds of years are all simple, we can tell from them their overseas struggle for life and their taking root and development—how to preserve Chinese culture and bring more elements to the indigenous culture? The historical data about Chinese people in Hoi An is only a few. With my experience of upbringing and settlement in Hoi An as well as the rare materials collected by me, I intend to further discuss how Chinese people and their descendants live and identify with their second mother town when they leave their "mother country"?


We report the stepwise modification of Os-complex mediator (polyvinylimidazole-[Os(bipyridine)2Cl] (PVI-[Os(bpy)2Cl]) and glucose oxidase (GOD) within the inner nano-space of a carbon nanotube forest (CNTF) film. Owing to the controlled alignment of enzyme/mediator/electrode in the ensemble, the prepared film electrode has both a high-efficiency (turnover rate of ca. 650 s−1) and a large net oxidation current (ca. 15 mA cm−2). The previous GOD electrodes developed by monolayer-based and polymer-based approaches have either of the performances (efficiency or net activity). In addition, the present GOD electrode is a flexible film that could be used by winding on needle devices.


Three types of turbidites are identified in the studied area, including proximal turbidite along the northern steep slope (alluvial fans, fan delta, and subaqueous fans via short-distance transportation), distal turbidites along the southern gentle slope (stacked sliding of delta and fan delta front), and fluxoturbidite in the central depression. Detailed studies of several case histories and the relationship between sedimentary facies and faults suggest a significant role of tectonic setting and faults in the development of turbidite, which created source areas, effected slope topography, controlled the climate and paleo-environment, and formed enough slope angle and slope break for sedimentary instabilities and massive block movement to form turbidite. According to statistics, 0-86%, with an average value of 40.3%, of the trap volumes in the 69 identified Tertiary lacustrine turbidites in the Jiyang Superdepression in the Bohai Bay Basin are filled with oil. The porosity and permeability of turbidite sands vary widely. The productive reservoirs are generally those from the braided channels of both distal and proximal turbidite, and from the main channel of proximal turbidite, with a low carbonate content and the porosity and permeability higher than 12% and 1 mD respectively. Most of the lithologic oil pools in the Jiyang Superdepression are enveloped by the effective source rocks, and the percentage of the trap volume generally increases with the hydrocarbon expulsion intensity of source rocks. This is in contrast with structural-lithologic traps (i.e. proximal turbidite along the steep slope and distal turbidite along the gentle slope), in which, graben-boundary faults play an important role in oil migration, as the turbidites are not in direct contact with effective hydrocarbon source rocks.


Unlike many of his contemporaries, Descartes wrote nothing that resembles a political treatise. However, to think about the relations between human beings, he employs a mechanist anthropology. And in tandem with this, Descartes theorizes about what, in these human beings, is a high political and ethical requirement. In the Passions of the Soul, this requirement is conceived as both a passion and a virtue: generosity. So it is precisely because Descartes was compelled to reflect on the "true human being" in all his complexity that he provides us with a politics that is both demanding and realist.


Gem-diborylalkenes have emerged as efficient reagents for selective cross-coupling reactions, reduction approaches and Michael additions. The synthesis of 1,1-diborylalkenes involves condensation of polyborated compounds with aldehydes or ketones followed by B–O elimination, geminal diboration of 1,1-dihaloalkenes, 1-haloalkenes or terminal alkynes, dehydrogenative borylation of alkenes, borylation of alkynylboronates and hydroboration of alkynylboronates. These new sets of reactions are general for a wide range of substrates and they can be understood to have complementary mechanisms.


In our information-driven web-based society, we are all gradually falling ""victims"" to information overload [5].However, while sighted people are finding ways to sift through information faster, Internet users who are blind are experiencing an even greater information overload. These people access computers and Internet using screen-reader software, which reads the information on a computer screen sequentially using computer-generated speech. While sighted people can learn how to quickly glance over the headlines and news articles online to get the gist of information, people who are blind have to use keyboard shortcuts to listen through the content narrated by a serial audio interface. This interface does not give them an opportunity to know what content to skip and what to listen to. So, they either listen to all of the content or listen to the first part of each sentence or paragraph before they skip to the next one. In this paper, we propose an automated approach to facilitate non-visual skimming of web pages. We describe the underlying algorithm, outline a non-visual skimming interface, and report on the results of automated experiments, as well as on our user study with 23 screen-reader users. The results of the experiments suggest that we have been moderately successful in designing a viable algorithm for automatic summarization that could be used for non-visual skimming. In our user studies, we confirmed that people who are blind could read and search through online articles faster and were able to understand and remember most of what they have read with our skimming system. Finally, all 23 participants expressed genuine interest in using non-visual skimming in the future.


ABSTRACT The harbinger theory of terrorism holds that the events of 9/11 presaged an inevitable set of mass terror attacks that would constitute an existential threat to the Global North. It has become the key premise of the argument that in an era purportedly defined by the threat of transnational terrorism, these nations must reject all limits on the measures they take to reinforce state security. This theory is incompatible on its face with non-derogable rights, which are essential to any instantiation of the rule of law in any international or domestic constitutional order. This article demonstrates that accepting this theory inevitably leads to the erosion of these rights, to the point that in a future public order emergency (which the harbinger theory holds to be inevitable), the rule of law will be abrogated. This is true even in nations where there have been no substantial terrorist attacks. Developments in Canada demonstrate that when the harbinger theory and the premise that rights must be balanced against security are accepted, this erosion accelerates.


Glucose-6-phosfate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common human enzyme defect, being present in more than 400 million people worldwide. The G6PD enzyme catalyzes the first step in the pentose phosphate pathway, leading to antioxidants that protect cells against oxidative damage. This genetic disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, both in different people and in the same patient. It seems to be due to the large number of genetic errors that can determine the defect and to the multiplicity of triggers able to inducing the hemolytic anemia tipical of this disease. This is what we present in the following case report, subject normally eating fava beans, who had never associated the ingestion with discomfort.


Rust incidence is frequent among nursery seedlings and young plants in the field; this disease is caused by Puccinia psidii and is one of the most severe affecting Eucalyptus tree. The present study aimed to quantify the partial resistance to eucalypt rust for the species E. propinqua, E. citriodora, E. grandis, E. urophylla, E. microcorys, E. urograndis (E. grandis x E. urophylla), E. robusta, E. saligna, E. dunni and E. phaeotricha. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology of UFRRJ. A total of 100 eucalypt seedlings aged 3 months were obtained from seeds. Experimental design was completely randomized, with 10 treatments and 10 replicates, i.e., 1 plant per replicate. Inoculation was performed by atomizing the leaves with a suspension of urediniospores at the concentration of 2x 104 spores/mL, obtained from fresh pustules. Then, seedlings were incubated in a wet,dark chamber for 48 hours. The evaluated parameters of resistance were: mean number of pustules per leaflet, severity, mean latent period and AUDPC. The obtained data were transformed into and arcsen , and subjected to analysis of variance and comparison of means according to Scott-Knott test at 5% probability, using the software SAEG. Significant differences were found among eucalypt species for the studied parameters. E. urograndis (E. grandis x E. urophylla) had a smaller mean number of pustules per leaflet, lower severity, greater mean latent period and lower values of area under the disease progress curve, showing thus greater partial resistance to rust.


This bachelor thesis deals with the semantic- syntaktic signs of german preposition UBER and her equivalents in czech language. I was looking for some czech prepositions which are mostly used as a translation of german preposition UBER.


Different samples of activated carbons were prepared by carbonization of corn cob – an abundant lignocelluloses material available locally. The thermo-gravimetric profile of the carbon was studied. Based on this, carbonization temperature was varied (600 – 800 oC) to obtain samples of different surface areas, porosities and densities. The sample carbonized at 700 oC exhibited the highest surface area and apparent density of 1,084 m2 /g and 0.1031 g/cm2 . These characteristics were associated with the extent of re-polymerization reactions of the tar species with the main carbon matrix at the reaction temperature. The samples were further compared based on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from its aqueous solution. The adsorption was investigated using MB initial concentrations of 100-500 mg/L at ambient temperature of 30 oC, constant pH, adsorbent dosage and particle size. Equilibrium isotherms generated were analyzed according to the linear form of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Langmuir model was found to better describe the adsorption process over the whole concentration range. The adsorptive capacities range for the model is 417 – 833 mg/g. Attempt was made to find the adsorption mechanism. Both pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model were tested. Better description was found using pseudo-second-order model. The study demonstrated that locally available carbonaceous materials could be employed to prepare activated carbon with high adsorptive capacity.
(Keywords: Activated carbon; Adsorption isotherm; Corn cobs; Kinetics; Methylene blue)


OF THESIS COMMERCIALIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE PIXEL ROUTER The Pixel Router was developed at the University of Kentucky with the intent of supporting multi-projector displays by combining the scalability of commercial software solutions with the flexibility of commercial hardware solutions. This custom hardware solution uses a Look Up Table for an arbitrary input to output pixel mapping, but suffers from high memory latencies due to random SDRAM accesses. In order for this device to achieve marketability, the image interpolation method needed improvement as well. The previous design used the nearest neighbor interpolation method, which produces poor looking results but requires the least amount of memory accesses. A cache was implemented to support bilinear interpolation to simultaneously increase the output frame rate and image quality. A number of software simulations were conducted to test and refine the cache design, and these results were verified by testing the implementation on hardware. The frame rate was improved by a factor of 6 versus bilinear interpolation on the previous design, and by as much as 50% versus nearest neighbor on the previous design. The Pixel Router was also certified for FCC conducted and radiated emissions compliance, and potential commercial market areas were explored.


our parlance, mechanisms of organization). Neurosci-ence and neural modeling, on the other hand, have the ambition to find general answers. It is this commitment Christoph von der Malsburg* Institut fü r Neuroinformatik Ruhr-Universitä t Bochum to generality that results in the binding problem being 44780 Bochum a fundamental feature of the neural code. Federal Republic of Germany The Psychological Moment University of Southern California Before discussing the answers to the above questions Los Angeles, California 90089 that are postulated by classical neural networks, it is important to introduce an important parameter. Although not often made explicit, it is important to fix a In attempts to formulate a computational understanding temporal scale T, which we will refer to as the " psychological moment " (in the sense of " short period "). At times of brain function, one of the fundamental concerns is shorter than T, one speaks of mental state or brain state, the data structure by which the brain represents infor-whereas at times greater than T one sees a succession mation. For many decades, a conceptual framework of states or a " state history. " Whereas state history is has dominated the thinking of both brain modelers and subject to conscious scrutiny (that is, it potentially gets neurobiologists. That framework is referred to here as reflected in all modalities—memory, language, etc.), no " classical neural networks. " It is well supported by ex-such conscious analysis is possible below T. State his-perimental data, although it may be incomplete. A char-tory is ignored by most or all models, and the conceptual acterization of this framework will be offered in the next disagreement about the binding issue focuses exclu-section. sively on the definition of state, that is, on times below Difficulties in modeling important functional aspects T. It is difficult to pin down a definite value for T, but a of the brain on the basis of classical neural networks plausible range may be from 50 to 200 msec. Regardless alone have led to the recognition that another, general of the exact value, it is important to realize that the arena mechanism must be invoked to explain brain function. for the discussion of the binding problem is at a time That mechanism I call " binding. " Binding by neural signal scale less than T. synchrony had been mentioned several times in the liter-before it was fully of Brain Function formulated as …


The patients were instructed not to brush their teeth for four days in order that sufficient plaque material might be collected on the tooth surfaces. A onedrop glass electrode (Beckman) with a cup-shaped glass membrane was adjusted to a buffer solution (pH 7.00) with a Beckman electirometric pH meter (Fig. 1). After the electrode had been dried, it was weighed on an analytical balance (accuracy 0.1 mg.). By air being blown the saliva was driven off the plaques. Then the plaques were scraped off the teeth with a scaler. The plaque material was placed in the cup of the electrode and this weighed again, the difference being the weight of the plaque. One drop of redistilled water was added and the plaque was homogenized in the water with a platinum needle. The pH of the plaque suspension was determined. From a microburette (Linderstrdm-Lang) 0.1 normal HC1 was added in portions. The burette peruitted the reading of 0.1 c.mm. of the acid. After each portion of acid was added the plaque suspension was thoroughly stirred until the pH reading was constant. In this way, a pH titration curve for the plaque was obtained. For the same individual, a titration curve of the saliva was done as well. In this case, the ordinary bulb glass electrode was used.


For a large and dense sensor network, the impact of sensor density is investigated on the performance of a maximum likelihood (ML) location estimator using quantized sensor data. The ML estimator fuses quantized data transmitted from local sensors to estimate the location of a source. A Gaussian-like isotropic signal decay model is adopted to make the problem tractable. This model is suitable for situations such as passive sensors monitoring a target emitting acoustic signals. The exact Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on the estimation error is derived. In addition, an approximate closed-form CRLB by using the Law of Large Numbers is obtained. The closed-form results indicate that the Fisher information is a linearly increasing function of the sensor density. Even though the results are derived assuming a large number of sensors, numerical results show that the closed-form CRLB is very close to the exact CRLB for both high and relatively low sensor densities.


Abstract: It is necessary for direction of arrival estimation using RBF neural network to learn the network. Data number for the learning should be reduced in order to apply the network to beam steering for the phased array antenna of SPS2000. In this report, we study about reduction of learning data by means of multi-objective optimization using Genetic Algorithm. We propose how to produce chromosomes, that decides set Direction of Arrival for the learning, and that minimizes the number of emitter for the learning in spite of achievement of the accuracy requirements. Effects of the proposed method is demonstrated by computer simulation. Keyword SPS2000, Direction Finding, RBF Neural Network, Multi-objective Optimization Learning, Genetic Algorithm


The partition of the total excitation energy between the fission fragments for the nth+235U and n(En = 5.55 MeV)+235U fission reactions are analyzed with the experimental data available. Our results show that the total excitation energy is not shared by the fragments in proportion of their masses but support the so-called energy sorting-mechanism. The temperature of the heavy fragment is generally lower than that of the light one when the shell effect does not play a strong role. As soon as the mass of heavy fragment closes to 132, its temperature becomes higher than the complementary light one because of strong shell effect. Our results also show that the heavy fragments gain more energy than the complementary light ones when the incident neutron energy increases.


Motion detection apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in comprising: a heartbeat sensor, heartbeat data detected a human body, the heartbeat data signal having a waveform; motion state detecting unit, motion data associated with the detected motion state of the human body; motion state determination unit, based on the motion data detected by the motion detection unit, determines the change of a movement state of the body; and a heart rate calculating unit, based on the motion state determined by the state determining section above said motion of the human body changes, a plurality of peaks from the signal of the heartbeat waveform data included in the noise component is removed as a valid peak caused by the human operation.


The invention discloses a manufacture method of a seamless steel tube by using a stainless welded tube. The manufacture method comprises the following steps of: selecting raw materials, splitting, forming a circular tube, welding, leveling a weld joint (seamless), carrying out bright solution treatment (coarse forming), coping, finishing, cutting at a fixed size, repairing a port, pressuring and examining, carrying out flaw detection on a tube, carrying out surface polishing treatment or sand blasting, spraying a code, and packaging to obtain a finished seamless steel tube. The manufacture method has the advantages of simple process, energy conservation, consumption reduction, low cost, simplicity in operation, high operation efficiency and uniform wall thickness as the seamless steel tube is produced by using strip steel; and the property and the chemical component of the welded tube can meet the standard requirement of the seamless steel tube, and the seamless steel tube can completely replace a common seamless steel tube, a low-medium-pressure boiler tube and a fluid steel tube in multiple fields, and is superior to a seamless tube produced by adopting a conventional process method.


Previous work on tonogenesis in Kurtöp production [1, 2] has addressed questions of propagation. They describe patterns whereby environments following more sonorous onsets appear to develop tone prior to less sonorous onsets. Additionally, the production study by Plane [2] revealed that place of articulation may also play a role in the order of tonogenetic sound change for production. Perceptual evidence for these processes in Kurtöp has not yet been researched. As such, this paper assesses how the sequence of tone propagation manifests in perception for Kurtöp. A two-way forced choice perceptual identification task was designed to investigate the degree to which fundamental frequency (f 0) has phonologized in Kurtöp perception. It tested the hypothesis that contrastive tone develops following dorsal onsets prior to bilabial-dental onsets. The results of the study show a division between the dorsal and bilabial-dental onset environments, whereby the dorsal onset environments exhibit more advanced phonologization of f 0 than the bilabial-dentals, which corroborate the findings from previous studies.


A heavy-atom-free π-extended N-confused porphyrin is reported that is suitable for use as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in both the green region and therapeutic window.


Workshop on EU 7th Framework Programme Projects, cooperation
with Italy. Participation from EU: M. Scheringer (Zurich), A.
Marcomini, M. Dalla Valle, G. Pojana (Venice, IT).


Abstract : It is shown that fully developed channel flow is confined to a strange attractor. However, the dimension of the attractor is much larger than dimensions encountered in closed flows such as Benard Convection and Taylor- Couette flow. In addition, we have examined the relationship between turbulent structures and attractor geometry. In the end, what is sought from any theory of turbulence is a universal framework that allows known phenomena to be understood, calculated, and related, and a predictive capability for unknown flows or control measures. Crucial to the erection of such a structure is a knowledge of the fundamental mathematical character of turbulence. The purpose of this research has been to investigate this character to determine if chaos theory and the strange attractor can provide the foundation for such a global theory.


in turn was a revision of John Stevens' •7• 3 translation. It appears that Colgrave did fresh work: his English text is not only entirely accurate, but entirely modem and free of the self-conscious archaisms that have so long plagued English translations or modernisations of early English writings (compare the fortunes of Beowul[). If Colgrave's translation is not entirely lively, it must be remembered that he is rendering Bede, not Tacitus. There remains the matter of Colgrave's Historical Introduction. Here we must note how little has been discovered since Plummet. Certainly we have no new information on Bede's life and very little new textual information related to his times. Such a lack might have been compensated for by reporting on some of the important archaeological research done in the Anglo-Saxon and the Celtic areas; this, however, merits little more than a page (xxiv-v), and even there Colgrave prefers to cite older sources. Finally, it is surprising how closely Colgrave adheres to Plummer in matters of interpretation and even of wording. One example is the recounting of the tale of the plague at Jarrow from the Hist. Anon. in which only the abbot and a small boy are left to carry on divine services. Says Plummer, 'The little boy here mentioned can hardly be any other than Bede himself; especially as Bede, who takes so much from the anonymous history, omits this striking incident altogether' (p. xii). Writes Colgrave, 'There can be no doubt that the little boy was Bede himself. It is typical of Bede's modesty that in his History of the Abbots he omits the incident altogether' (p. xx). In general, Colgrave uses much the same material, though in abridged form, as Plummet has used. He diverges from Plummer in limiting his discussion of Bede as a writer largely to the historical works and by omitting discussion of Bede's use of the allegorical method of interpretation. Only in his remarks on style does he 'improve' on Plummet in noting Bede's departure from the Anglo-Latin style developed by Aldhelm under the influence of the Hisperica Famina (p. xxxvii).


The movement of nuclear materials - spent fuel, plutonium and uranium and radioactive wastes - has become an issue of international political significance. It has generated considerable attention from a developing network of NGOs focussing on movements between France and Japan. The paper discusses the conflicts and their implications for six basic principles of radioactive waste management.


The asymmetric synthesis of jaspine B (pachastrissamine) using a (R)-proline-catalyzed enantioselective aldol reaction as key step is described. Jaspine B was synthesized from the commercially available and inexpensive 1-pentadecanal and the dihydroxyacetone equivalent 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-one in nine steps, good overall yield (23.6%) and excellent stereoselectivity (de >98%, ee = 95%).


Usurpation of power is the term given to the defect of the gross lack of jurisdiction in the administrative law، and that the defect of usurpation of power afflicts the administrative decision، so it is stamped from the legal point of view and it transforms it from a legal work to a material work that has no effect on legal centers. However، the jurisprudence and the judiciary for certain considerations، including the functioning of public facilities and their non-stop، and the protection of people of good faith، giving life to the decision usurping power under certain conditions. Additionally، they considered it not only a legal act، but rather described it as legitimate as well، according to the situations that affect the administrative decision and from these situations if the administrative decision is found in the case of the actual employee and the case of exceptional circumstances. In addition، in some cases، the judiciary prohibits consideration of the legality of the decision even if it is tainted by the defect of usurpation of power، such as acts of sovereignty، and that this suggests its legitimacy even if it is a usurper of power.


Gap junctions are clusters of transmembrane proteins which enable direct communication between adjacent cells. Gap junctions allow intercellular diffusion of small molecules like metabolites (such as glucose), second messengers (such as cAMP, ATP) and ions (such as Mg2+, K+). That process, called gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), allows coordination of many essential functions in multicellular organisms, such as directed cell differentiation, cell growth, cellular and tissue homeostasis. Moreover, dysfunctional GJIC has been linked to a variety of human diseases.


Abstract. The cat-eye effect reflected beam profiles of most optical detectors have a certain characteristic of periodicity, which is caused by array arrangement of sensors at their optical focal planes. It is the first time to find and prove that the reflected beam profile becomes several periodic spots at the reflected propagation distance corresponding to half the imaging distance of a CCD camera. Furthermore, the spatial cycle of these spots is approximately constant, independent of the CCD camera's imaging distance, which is related only to the focal length and pixel size of the CCD sensor. Thus, we can obtain the imaging distance and intrinsic parameters of the optical detector by analyzing its cat-eye reflected beam profiles. This conclusion can be applied in the field of non-cooperative cat-eye target recognition.


This article analyzes the connection between global economic and political trends and Brazilian strategies for judicial reform. A global consensus has emerged in favor of economic liberalization strategies and these strategies require the rule of law to create certainty and predictability. This article maintains that the Brazilian president's choice of judicial reform proposals is shaped by the government's attempt to revamp Brazil's economy and bureaucratic state structure to engage in a single world market, in concert with the global neoliberal paradigm.


We present computer simulations of previously unknown polarization singularities (vortexes) inside polar SrTiO3 twin boundaries. Usually polarity in twin walls is ferri-electric, whereas vortex excitations lead to true ferroelectricity on a very local scale. As a result, in-plane electric fields can selectively stabilize one of the vortex polarization states and enhance the ability of the walls to move. This behavior can explain the well-known and uniquely high, mobility of twin boundaries in SrTiO3. For nanoscale ferroelectric memory devices, we envisage a precisely controllable device, where a desired domain wall pattern is manipulated by shifting the vortex position electrically.


In 1890, William James spoke of the newborn's world as "a blooming, buzzing confusion." In his view, the infant could not differentiate the sensory experiences which pervaded his environment. That was the infant of 1890. Today's infant is seen as a highly receptive and actively responsive organism whose sensory-perceptual and learning capabilities are just beginning to be experimentally investigated and understood.


Modern industrialization has unleashed unprecedented environmental challenges, primarily in the form of pollution. In response to these pressing issues, the quest for innovative and sustainable solutions has intensified. Photocatalysis, with its unique capabilities, has emerged as a potent technology to combat the adverse effects of industrialization on the environment. This review highlights recent advances in harnessing photocatalysis to address environmental pollution. Photocatalysis offers a multifaceted approach, utilizing solar energy for catalytic reactions and enabling efficient pollutant removal. Quantum dots and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) are essential elements in this science. In contrast to quantum dots, which have enormous potential due to their size-dependent bandgap tunability and effective charge carrier production, g-C3N4 has properties like chemical stability and a configurable bandgap that make it a versatile material for photocatalysis. In this review, we explore recent achievements in integrating metal oxide quantum dots with g-C3N4, forming nanocomposites with superior photocatalytic activity. These nanocomposites exhibit extended light absorption ranges and enhanced charge separation efficiency, positioning them at the forefront of diverse photocatalytic applications. In conclusion, this comprehensive review underscores the critical role of photocatalysis as a potent tool to counteract the adverse environmental effects of modern industrialization. By emphasizing recent advancements in g-C3N4 and quantum dots and highlighting the advantages of metal oxide quantum dots decorated/integrated with g-C3N4 nanocomposites, this work contributes to the evolving landscape of sustainable solutions for environmental remediation and pollution control. These innovations hold promise for a cleaner and more sustainable future.


OBJECTIVE: To measure nerve function and distal neuropathy prevalence in nondiabetic obese patients.
BACKGROUND: Distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy (DSP) affects 5-9% of the US population. Though diabetes is the most common recognized cause, human epidemiology and animal studies have demonstrated a link between features of metabolic syndrome, particularly obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, independent of glucose control.
DESIGN/METHODS: 21 non-diabetic obese patients referred for Roux en Y bariatric surgery (BarP) were compared with age matched lean controls (N=51). Each participant underwent the Utah Early Neuropathy Scale (UENS) to detect asymptomatic neuropathy. This validated exam scale focuses on early sensory loss and contains subscales for timed 128 Hz vibration at the great toe, and distribution of sensory loss to pin. Each participant had BMI calculated, blood pressure measured and blood drawn for fasting glucose and lipids. Each was offered an ankle skin biopsy for IENFD and confocal corneal microscopy.
RESULTS: Mean age was 45.0 for obese participants and 44.3 for controls. BarP had significantly higher BMI (44.3 +/-5.2 vs. 26.4 +/-6.3) and triglycerides (152.1 +/-62.3 vs.107.3 +/-62.4) but other metabolic features were similar. Mean UENS total score and pin score were significantly higher for BarP, and averaged vibration time was significantly shorter (10.5 +/-4.1 seconds vs. 16.3 +/-4.4 seconds, P<0.0001). Overall 7/21 (33%) BarP met UENS criteria (蠅4) for peripheral neuropathy, compared to 2/51(4%) of controls p=0.0019 by two tailed Fisher's test. CCM length was not significantly different, but there was a trend toward lower ankle IENFD for BarP (4.3 +/-2.5 fibers/mm vs. 6.1+/-2.1).
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest asymptomatic neuropathy is common in very obese patients independent of glucose control, and impaired distal nerve function can be detected with timed 128 Hz vibration. Disclosure: Dr. Singleton has received personal compensation for activities with Medical Review Institute. Dr. Volckmann has nothing to disclose. Dr. Graham has nothing to disclose. Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose.


Abstract. Peritonitis is a common complication in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis . In some cases peritoneal fluid is unremarkable. In these instances, one must evaluate for other causes of gastrointestinal pathology or a myriad of other causes. We report an unusual case of acute myeloid leukemia who presented with peritonitis in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient. Key words: Acute myeloid leukemia, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis , peritonitis clinic


Phosphorous acid is a fungicide that may have other plant health-inducing properties. A previous study showed greater vigor in blueberry plants treated with phosphorous acid. In the current study, old, low-vigor 'Woodard' rabbiteye blueberries were selected for renovation in 2017. The bushes had not been pruned or otherwise managed in several years. To test the hypothesis that adding phosphorous acid treatments (Agri-Fos) to the renovation process would increase plant vigor, three treatments were used: no addition of phosphorous acid, phosphorous acid applied as a drench at renovation pruning plus in the following spring, and drench plus monthly foliar applications of phosphorous acid after renovation pruning and again the following year. Renovation pruning was done at two height treatments on 14 July 2017: bushes were pruned at ground level and at 50 cm resulting in a 2 x 3 factorial. End of season shoot number was significantly different between the 50 cm cut and the ground level cut treatments (35.6 shoots/bush vs. 21.3 shoots/bush, respectively). However, shoot length was significantly greater for the ground cut (80.5 cm) vs. 50 cm cut (72.1 cm). Shoot diameters were not significantly different. Other factors such as first bud push after pruning and crop load rating were not significant. Yields were higher for the 50 cm cut treatment when compared to the ground level prune (318.7 g vs. 58.1 g, respectively) with similar results for average berry weight (1.78 g vs. 1.49 g, respectively). Interestingly, phenological development recordings of flower stage did not differ at stages 2 to 4, but were different in stages 5 and 6. Flower development on bushes in the 50 cm treatment was earlier by nine days at stage 5 and nine days at stage 6 compared to those in the ground cut treatment. There were no significant differences due to phosphorous acid treatments in any data evaluated, nor any significant interactions between phosphorous acid treatment and pruning height treatment. More time may be needed to ascertain any differences among phosphorous acid treatments as its effect may be induced rather than direct. Index words. Agri-Fos, foliar application, fungicide, phenology, renovation


A model for the free energy is proposed in which terms up to fourth order in amplitude of mass-density waves are consistently taken into account. Waves of wave-vectors pointing to the vertices and along the edges of an icosahedron are treated simultaneously. It is shown that the cubic anharmonic interaction of these waves leads to a triggered first-order phase transition. The phase diagram corresponding to this model is derived.


ORCID: 0000-0003-2204-2482 This paper examines the rate of occurrence of the I/D polymorphism of the enzyme gene that converts angiotensin in patients with anaemia of various etiologies of chronic heart failure and the importance of polymorphism in the development of the disease. The allele and genotypes of the angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism allele and genotypes were compared with the prevalence of chronic heart failure in iron deficiency anaemia, chronic disease, and renal anaemia, while the D allele and DD genotype in the renal anaemia group were iron deficiency anaemia, respectively (64.1 vs 49), 1% (r = 0.05) and (47.1 vs 36) 11.1% (r = 0.3), chronic disease anaemia compared to the group (62.5 vs 49) 13.5%, (r <0.05) and (45.5 vs 36) were 9.5% (r = 0.35) lower I allele and genotype II in the renal anaemia group corresponded to 15% in the group of iron deficiency anaemia (51 vs 36) and 20.2% (r <0.05) (r <0.05) in the group of chronic diseases, respectively. (37.5 vs 51) 13.5% and (25 vs. 39) 14% (r <0.05). Patients with CHF carrying the genotype II of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/ D polymorphism have a significantly higher probability of developing renal anaemia, and the D allele of this polymorphism has a protective effect against the development of renal anaemia.


Teleconsultation is a consultation between a doctor and a patient by means of video communication technology. It is a promising solution for the growing demand for health care. However, the medium has depersonalizing qualities. Emotions have an important role in doctor-patient relationship and are related to positive medical outcomes of consultations. Nonverbal behaviour is an important bearer of emotional messages. Nonverbal behaviour, like body posture and touching, are harder to distinguish. Therefore a product is designed for affective communication in teleconsultations, with focus on touch. A literature study has been performed on nonverbal affective communication in teleconsultations. Then a context analysis has been done by means of personas, interviews with specialists and an observational study on touching behaviour of patients during teleconsultations. The importance of the handshake at the beginning and end of a teleconsultation has been discovered and a virtual handshake has been developed. Different user studies gave a direction for the visualization of the handshake. Tactility, form and colour studies helped to design the input device and interface of the product. Finally the product is evaluated with a user test and evaluations with specialists. The product 'Handmate' is designed. The doctor and patient both have a pad. When the doctor and patient both put their hand on their pad, the screen will show a visualization of two figures shaking hands. The figures are designed for easy identification and friendly appearance. The doctor and patient can both initiate a handshake and decide on the duration of the handshake. The doctor can switch to the conversation mode, with a full screen webcam of the other person. The handshake product will give structure and clarity to the teleconsultation. It will help to establish rules of conduct for teleconsultations. The doctor and patient can greet each with the product. It will help to comfort the patient and it enables the doctor to show interest and empathy. The interaction between doctor and patient will become stronger and more personal.


The competitiveness and development of the maritime sector together with the continuous effort on increasing operations performance while reducing operations costs, drives the needs for on-board effective and qualitative training safety related issues. Virtual reality (VR) has been considered by classification societies and training organizations as a technology that can significantly improve seafarer's performance and competence with the adaptation of maritime applications developed for design simulation and gaming. This paper presents the evolution of the MarSEVR (Maritime Safety Education with VR) technology as a new concept and technology by integrating finger tracking and hand recognition technologies that increase immersiveness and user engagement within the MarISOT technology, a Green Ocean innovation composed of VR safety applications. The paper approaches this integration by addressing game design, pedagogic and cognitive neuroscience principles and challenges on the use of hand recognition and finger tracking in the MarSEVR learning episodes.


Summary The ripening behaviour and storage ability of "Shima sarunashi" [Actinidia rufa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.] and A. deliciosa 'Koryoku' fruit were compared. In A. rufa fruit stored at 15°C after harvest, the soluble solids contents (SSC) increased, and the titratable acidity (TA) decreased gradually, in the same way as in A. deliciosa fruit. During 17 d of storage, neither A. rufa nor A. deliciosa fruit produced detectable levels of ethylene. In contrast, treatment with propylene at 100 or 1,000 µl l–1 accelerated the increase in SSC and the decrease in TA in both species. Ripe fruit of A. rufa had higher TA values than those of A. deliciosa. Softening of fruit, especially the core, was more pronounced in A. rufa than in A. deliciosa. Under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) at 2°C, A. rufa fruit could be stored for 60 d without excessive softening, whereas A. deliciosa fruit could be stored for 90 d. These results suggest that A. rufa fruit have a climacteric ripening pattern similar to commercial A. deliciosa, but that the storage-life of A. rufa fruit was shorter than that of A. deliciosa.


This contribution focuses on a recent proposal put forward by the European Systemic Risk Board to create a "safe asset" for the eurozone based on a repackaging of the risks of sovereign bonds, in the hope of stabilising an otherwise unstable system of sovereign bond markets. In the present paper, however, authors Paul De Grauwe and Yuemei Ji argue that a financial system that is fundamentally unstable cannot be stabilised by financial engineering. To this end, they first describe the nature of the instability of the government bond markets in a monetary union and then analyse whether this proposal of creating a safe asset will succeed in stabilising government bond markets in the eurozone.


Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) is a capital issue for the majority of aviation actors nowadays. The integration of RPAS is an extremely demanding task that must be tackled by multiple standpoints: economic, social, technological or environmental among others. U-space is the answer from Europe to design the operation of multiple and different types of RPAS. U-space is a set of novel services designed to support efficient, safe and secure access to airspace, from the very low level to the upper airspace. This paper focuses on the terminal airspace to design the operational concept for the integration of RPAS in conjunction with conventional aircraft and general aviation. This work develops a holistic methodology to analyse the way RPAS integration affect crucial factors and tries to bring to the light different issues that can frustrate their integration. First, we focus on detailing the requirements specified by RPAS legislation. Second, all the requirements are gathered into different categories to perform further analysis. The categorisation identifies navigation, communication, surveillance, air traffic management and control, and safety as crucial categories (security is out of the scope of this study). The results provide for each category a proposal about how to solve the integration and implementation of RPAS in a TMA.


After years of running,a number of system equipments in Feilaixia water conservancy hub have alreadybeen damaged by lightning strike.This paper proposes detailed protection measures against the weak current systembased on the analysis of the causes to such damage.


A good oral hygiene routine, regular dental check-ups and a healthy lifestyle are crucial for protecting oral health and maintaining general health. Oral diseases, if left untreated, not only impact the mouth, but can also impact every aspect of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted oral health around the globe: in addition to fueling unhealthy eating and drinking habits[1], the pandemic has also severely disrupted dentistry services and access to care. During the pandemic, tobacco, alcohol, and processed food and drink companies have been pushing their products, which are detrimental to oral health. Ultra-processed food such as sodas have been used to brand COVID-19 testing, The continuing operation and long-term survival of many dental practices is also threatened by the economic and social challenges arising due to care restrictions, practice closures and shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), as well as the need of investing in new types of PPE and technology. Studies[6] [7] have shown that there is a significant change in the distribution of dental problems and the patient's willingness to seek dental care. While this could result in increasing numbers of late dental complications and untreated dental emergencies, it is also contributing to a rise in home dental remedies, or "DIY dentistry." According to Dr Armstrong, "whenever access problems emerge, people with toothaches take matters into their own hands". Poor oral health impacts a great deal on the quality o life of children, adults, and the aged. It affects children nutrition, growth, and development as well as attendance at school. In adults, routine daily activities may be disrupted leading to considerable economic loss. [1,2] Good oral health is beyond good dentition; it includes absence of pain, diseases, or any disorders of the dentofacial region and oral cavity.[3] Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the major oral health problems and indicators of oral health burden all over the world. [4,5] Although the prevalence of dental caries varies worldwide, it is believed that the disease has a high prevalence, wide geographic spread, and graded severity.[2,4,5] The impact of the disease on the economy and the quality of life of people make it a health condition of public interest.[5,6] Recent epidemiological reports suggest that there is resurgence in the scourge of dental caries in the developed countries, where the disease had hitherto been significantly controlled.[1,7] In the developing countries, however, studies have consistently shown that the burden of oral diseases such as caries and periodontal diseases is increasing.[8] Dental caries is age related and literature suggests that caries incidence had three peaks: At about age 7 years for coronal decay of the primary dentition; at about age 14 years for coronal decay of the permanent dentition; and at about age 30–40 years for root surface decay.[9] Bacterial plaque has been implicated in the aetiopathology of dental caries and periodontal diseases. It is believed that good oral hygiene practices will to some extent help in the control of these major oral diseases.[9,10] Before effective strategies for oral health care and prevention could be designed, epidemiological data on major oral diseases is most necessary.[11,12]. There is paucity of reports relating to community-based epidemiologic studies on oral health status of adults in Nigeria particularly, those residents in the south–south region of the country. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends epidemiological studies on 35–44 years and 65–74 years age groups due to their relevance in describing and analyzing the cumulative damage of caries on people's oral health over the years.[6] Information from these adult population groups is also used to generate evidence on final outcomes of dental care delivered to people during their entire life cycle.[13] This study was therefore designed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and partial edentulism among adults in a community-based outreach program in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. It also assessed the oral hygiene status and restorative care of the participants. Gender is a major determinant of oral hygiene status. The result of this study showed that females had significant better oral hygiene status than males.


In this manuscript, a solution to Problem 18.91(b) in the Kourovka Notebook is given by proving the following theorem. Let $P$ be a Sylow $p$-subgroup of a group $G$ with $|P| = p^n$. Suppose that there is an integer $k$ such that $1 < k < n$ and every subgroup of $P$ of order $p^k$ is $S$-propermutable in $G$, and also, in the case that $p=2$, $k = 1$ and $P$ is non-abelian, every cyclic subgroup of $P$ of order $4$ is $S$-propermutable in $G$. Then $G$ is $p$-nilpotent.


The necessity of Lorentz transforming the Dirac matrices is an ongoing issue with contradicting opinions. The Lorentz transformation of Dirac spinors is clear but for the Dirac adjoint, the combination of a spinor and the `time-like' zeroth gamma-matrix, the situation is fussy again. In the Feynman slash objects, the gamma matrix four vector connects to the dynamic four vectors without really becoming one itself. The Feynman slash objects exist in 4-D Minkowsky space-time on the one hand, the gamma matrices are often taken as inert objects like the Minkowski metric itself on the other hand. To be short, a slumbering confusion exists in RQM's roots. In this paper, first a Pauli-level biquaternion environment equivalent to Minkowski space-time is presented. Then the Weyl-Dirac environment is produced as a PT doubling of the biquaternion Pauli-environment. It is the production process from basic elements that produces some clarification regarding the mentioned RQM foundational fussiness.


Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is an approach to educational design that is based on the assumption that diversity is a constant in all contexts and in all individuals, which is why the interventions must be planned through a flexible teaching proposal and characterized by plurality since their design. Brain diversity, as well as the variability and uniqueness of each person's learning processes, have been recognized by research. The identification of the three brain networks (Affective, Strategic, Recognition Networks) has provided multiple meanings of representation (the "what" of learning), in order to offer students different possibilities of acquiring information and knowledge. The UDL proved to be a promising approach to enabling students with developmental disorders to be located in inclusive and accessible educational contexts, created through the integration of UDL and technology, but it may be extended to everyone in order to create an individualized educational approach.


The differences between the reflective properties of the lunar surface and terrestrial materials have been the subject of much recent study. The lunar surface is characterized by a low albedo, strong backscatter, and the absence of color. Hapke and Van Horn [1963] found that a surface must be underdense and very complex to duplicate these properties. Long-duration solar-wind bombardment has been simulated on a much accelerated scale with a low-pressure hydrogen plasma [Wehner et al., 1963a, b].


African star apple is a good source of vitamin C and antioxidants. The choice of method for preserving its antioxidant properties is a major decision. The aim of this study was to determine the proximate composition, physical properties, total monomeric anthocyanins contents, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity of different parts (the pulp, the seed, and the peel) of the African star apple fruit depending on the method of preservation in the process of freezing, and oven air drying. During oven air drying and freeze drying, losses of vitamin C as compared with fresh fruit parts resulted averagely in 67% and 13% respectively for the seeds, 19% and 4% for the pulp. Freeze drying process was characterized as the best preservation method to contain relative amount of anthocyanins, vitamin C and antioxidants


Following a brief introduction,this article first explores some problems in linguistic philosophy,then comments on the influence of linguistic philosophy on modern linguistics and finally points out that language researchers should be enlightened by the findings from the studies of linguistic philosophy to promote the development of modern linguistics.


We present a generalized continuity equation that describes the relationship between the statistical and physical evolution of populations of astronomical objects. This equation allows us to parameterize the luminosity function (LF) in terms of physically meaningful quantities, such as creation timescale, τs, object evolutionary timescale, τg, and lifetime, am. The shape and evolution of the LF are shown to be sensitive to these physical parameters, with large regions of the parameter space producing relatively simple evolutionary scenarios such as density evolution (DE) or luminosity evolution (LE). Regions of parameter space where τs ≲ 0.3tH and τg ≲ 0.5tH, where tH is the Hubble time, may be characterized by more complex evolution including the natural formation of a double power-law shape and mixed density and luminosity evolution (ME). This result has important consequences for the interpretation of the quasi-stellar object (QSO) LF, implying that the timescales for creation and physical evolution may fall near the above range. A fit to QSO survey data for redshifts 0.68 < z < 4 implies that τs ∼ 0.2tH and τg ∼ 0.05tH with QSOs having a maximum lifetime of am ∼ 0.25tH.