The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated disruptions to elective care services in the UK, leading to longer waits for treatment and a growing elective surgery backlog. There have been growing calls for the creation of surgical hubs to help reduce this backlog. Surgical hubs aim to increase surgical capacity by providing quicker access to procedures, as well as facilitate infection control by segregating patients and staff from emergency care. This rapid review aimed to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and acceptability of surgical hubs in supporting planned care activity, to inform the implementation of these hubs in Wales. The review identified evidence available up until January 2023. Twelve primary studies were included, eight of which used comparative methods. Most of the studies were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and described surgical hubs designed mainly to mitigate the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Outcome measures reported included clinical, performance, economic, and patient reported outcomes across a variety of different surgical disciplines. Most of the studies did not describe surgical hubs based on their structure, i.e., standalone, integrated, or ring-fenced hubs. The evidence relating to the impact of surgical hubs on clinical outcomes appeared to be heterogenous and limited. Included studies did not appear to control for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on outcomes. Evidence of the impact of surgical hubs on performance outcomes such as efficiency, utilisation/usage, volume of surgeries/treatments, performance, cancellations, and time from diagnosis to treatment is limited. Evidence relating to the economic impact of surgical hubs is also limited, however there is evidence to suggest that total average costs are lower in surgical hubs when compared to general hospitals. Evidence relating to the impact of surgical hubs on patient reported outcomes is limited but indicates there may be a positive effect on patient satisfaction and compliance. Considerable variation in the types of surgical hubs reviewed, surgical disciplines, along with the small number of comparative studies, as well as methodological limitations across included studies, could limit the applicability of these findings.


The law of programming for the social cohesion of January 18th, 2005 imposes the three-year negotiation of an agreement on jobs and skills forecast management in companies. This paper is interested in the recent evolutions in this domain and presents the results of an analysis of 23 company agreements on jobs and skills forecast management signed between the end of 2006 and the beginning of 2010. It shows that these practices strengthen the employability of the employees.


acid also increases on storage it is not-yet possible to say in which form the vitamin is primarily synthesized. The nature of the changes underlying the phenomenon is still obscure. The evidence strongly suggests, but does not absolutely prove, that the vitamin is formed from a chemically related precuesor during storage. The increase of vitamin C in an apple of about 22 g. during 7 months of storage was found to be equivalent to about 2 mg. of ascorbic acid, the total content reaching a level of about 7 mg. per fruit. Some years the increase is somewhat greater (cf. Fig. 1). On the other hand, the total vitamin content per apple picked normally in October of the same year was about 24 mg..The ' otal quantity of the vitamin present in these immature fruits was therefore very much less than that foumd in a Bramley's Seedling apple, picked at the usual time. If it be assumed that the precursor in young apples is fully utilized during storage, the extra vitamin found in the apple matured on the tree must in consequence have either been synthesized in the fruit from a precursor supplied from other parts of the plant as the apple developed or, more probably, it must have reached the fruit in a preformed state. Even if the latter were the case, the process of formation of the vitamin may be similar to that occurring during the storage of the young apple. These and other points which arise cannot be settled on the basis of existing knowledge and the information so far obtained is insufficient to shape a comprehensive hypothesis. Nevertheless the data presented here are consistent enough to serve as a basis for a rpore detailed inquiry, the results of which might eventually throw some light on the physiological function of I-ascorbic acid not only in the plant but also indirectly in the animal organism.


One of the common advantages of the agent paradigm is that it can deal with whatever technologies are appropriate to achieve their intended goals. In terms of interacting with services, this means being able to deal with the current set of Web Service technologies, as well as DAML-S, the GRID, etc. Each of these service technologies has different structures, formats, requirements and goals which can make it difficult to provide relationships between them. The work presented in this paper defines an abstract service architecture which is being developed as part of the FIPA software agent standard in which multiple service technologies can be expressed; agents can then use this architecture to provide points of commonality between different service technologies.


The popularization of the services and applications of Internet in the present society is caused, mainly, by its wide implantation combined with the use of mobile communications technologies as an extension of it. This last phenomenon causes the necessity to review, every certain time, the classifications of the services and applications developed in this network, in order to reach therefore a suitable vision of the state of the art, specially in those aspects that affect the professionals of the Information and the Documentation fields. This review will allow the establishment of an updated classification with four great areas: communication services, connection services, information services and mobile services.


To improve pavement irregularity stability of high speed bus,working principle of this pavement irregularity disturbance steering movement and its influencing factors are researched.Firstly,dynamics model of bus's disturbance steering from pavement irregularity is established and corresponding state equation is obtained.Secondly,single factor influence analyses and dynamic variable parameter simulations of this steering movement in view of main influencing factors including static load on the front axle,tire cornering stiffness,coulomb damping in steering system and self-aligning torque from front wheel alignment are carried out.It is got that reducing coulomb damping in steering system and increasing static load on the front axle and self-aligning torque from front wheel alignment are feasible measures to decrease maximum lateral displace in the front of high speed bus.Finally,Vehicle tests are carried out to validate simulation results of maximal lateral displace on bus foreside under measures taken before and after,and test investigation shows that simulation predictions agree with test results.So some theoretic references can be obtained to improve pavement irregularity stability of high speed bus.


The scalar wave equation is considered in the background of a charged Vaidya metric in double null coordinates (u,v) describing a non-stationary charged black hole with varying mass m(v) and charge q(v). The resulting time-dependent quasinormal modes are presented and analyzed. We show, in particular, that it is possible to identify some signatures in the quasinormal frequencies from the creation of a naked singularity.


Two genes are considered synthetic lethal if mutation of either alone allows cell viability, whereas simultaneous mutation leads to cell death. A synthetic lethal screen unveiled the dependency of Wnt/β-catenin-addicted colorectal cancer cells on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 kinase activity and suggested a novel therapeutic approach for this malignancy. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7453–5)


Most aviation accidents are caused by human errors and in poor weather; the effect of technical faults appearing either in the aircraft or ground systems has been negligible. Typically the pilot has ignored or misinterpreted the minimum altitude defined by authorities or performed otherwise hazardous flight operations. Sometimes, however, investigations have revealed, as a by-product, inadequate navigation equipment performance in conjunction with such disasters. The paper discusses previously unpublished examples in which the radiation characteristics of HF navigation beacons have been found unacceptable. Coupling of radiated energy from the beacon antenna to a too close overhead line can cause phantom guidance - often along this power line - when observed by an aircraft ADF receiver. Excessive vegetation when covered by snow may deteriorate the impedance matching whereby the field strength drops even by 10-15 dB. Unwanted frequency modulation close to the carrier, e.g. from the power supply transformer can severely disturb commercial phase locked receivers. Therefore, flight tests do not necessarily reveal false directional guidance caused, e.g., by coupling effects. We emphasize, however, that in none of the cases discussed has there been any evidence related to navigation systems as a cause of accidents.


Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), an advanced liver cancer, has poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy is a novel antimitotic treatment, delivering electric fields that induce death and inhibit replication of cancer cells. We aimed to determine the effect of TTFields in HCC cells and an animal model, alone or in combination with sorafenib, an approved HCC treatment option. Human HCC cells were treated with TTFields at various frequencies to identify the most effective frequency. TTFields at 150 kHz were shown to induce anti-cancerous effects and to amplify such effects displayed by sorafenib. In animals, TTFields concomitant with sorafenib were more effective than either TTFields or sorafenib alone in reducing tumor volume, with the combination also leading to more cases of stable disease. Overall, this research demonstrates potential for concomitant TTFields and sorafenib application in the treatment of HCC. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a highly aggressive liver cancer, is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are electric fields that exert antimitotic effects on cancerous cells. The aims of the current research were to test the efficacy of TTFields in HCC, explore the underlying mechanisms, and investigate the possible combination of TTFields with sorafenib, one of the few front-line treatments for patients with advanced HCC. HepG2 and Huh-7D12 human HCC cell lines were treated with TTFields at various frequencies to determine the optimal frequency eliciting maximal cell count reduction. Clonogenic, apoptotic effects, and autophagy induction were measured. The efficacy of TTFields alone and with concomitant sorafenib was tested in cell cultures and in an orthotopic N1S1 rat model. Tumor volume was examined at the beginning and following 5 days of treatment. At study cessation, tumors were weighed and examined by immunohistochemistry to assess autophagy and apoptosis. TTFields were found in vitro to exert maximal effect at 150 kHz, reducing cell count and colony formation, increasing apoptosis and autophagy, and augmenting the effects of sorafenib. In animals, TTFields concomitant with sorafenib reduced tumor weight and volume fold change, and increased cases of stable disease following treatment versus TTFields or sorafenib alone. While each treatment alone elevated levels of autophagy relative to control, TTFields concomitant with sorafenib induced a significant increase versus control in tumor ER stress and apoptosis levels, demonstrating increased stress under the multimodal treatment. Overall, TTFields treatment demonstrated efficacy and enhanced the effects of sorafenib for the treatment of HCC in vitro and in vivo, via a mechanism involving induction of autophagy.


The use of aliphatic alkynes such as (Vb) is less suitable and even a change in catalyst does not increase the yield significantly.


The air pollution crisis in Beijing is an immediately pressing issue, as particulate concentrations have reached unprecedented levels and photographs of a smog-filled city with masked citizens fill international news. As the world's biggest source of carbon emissions, China is under domestic pressure from its populace to counter air pollution as it poses not only health risks to its citizens, but also grave long-term environmental threats. But the issue of air pollution in Beijing is much more complicated than media often portrays. Beijing is particularly susceptible to adverse atmospheric conditions both due to its rapid urbanization and the geography of the area. The national and municipal government have enacted policies in order to combat air pollution, including restrictions on vehicle and industrial emissions and carbon trading. But there are many challenges to address given the multi-faceted nature of the crisis. In light of the recent policies and scientific contributions, Beijing could go one step further in attempting to decrease pollution through implementing driver taxes, expanding and diversifying urban forests, and investing in alternative energy, particularly wind power. However, even such advanced preventative measures are met with their own obstacles given the constraints of urban infrastructure. Beijing's air pollution poses a health risk to the people who live there. Such particulate air pollution combines liquid droplets in the atmosphere with a number of components, including acids like nitrates and sulfates, organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles, which can be harmful to those who inhale it. There is a significant exposure-response relationship between maternal exposures to sulfur dioxide and total suspended particles during the third trimester of pregnancy and infant birth weight. The data suggests that total suspended particles and sulfur dioxide, or a more complex pollution mixture associated with these pollutants, contribute to an excess risk of low birth weight in the Beijing population (Wang et al., 1997) There are also negative health effects regarding respiratory and cardiovascular issues, amongst others, as the annual numbers of mortality and morbidity increase significantly in the presence of PM10 pollution in the urban areas. Moreover, the chronic effects of long-term exposure could take years to develop cannot be fully quantified in such studies (Zhang, 2007). Health complications are also accompanied by economic costs as well as productivity decreases and


To promote the execution efficiency of HLA system which executes on high performance computing(HPC) platform,a self-adaptive communication mechanism,named SACM,is proposed for the hierarchy communication environment of HPC.By this mechanism,the connection with lowest latency can be established from the network information of computing nodes.The shared memory,high speed IB network and Ethernet network can be selected by federates adaptively.Aiming at the demand of shared memory communication between federates within one node,a high speed shared memory communication algorithm based on distributed infrastructure is proposed,and the communication performance can be improved by this algorithm.Experiment result of object attributes value updating latency has shown that the communication performance of RTI executing on HPC platform has been greatly improved.


What should a consultant have managers do between intervention sessions to help further the process of change? This case study suggests that the concept of organizational tasking can provide one answer to this question. Two kinds of organizational task assignments, drawn from the literature on family therapy, are discussed: prescription task assignments and formula task assignments. Their use in helping to resolve a troubled situation in a transit property is described. Time series data are presented that offer evidence on the possible effectiveness of the use of organizational tasking.


Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition requiring treatment with lifelong immunosuppressive treatment. Up to 30% of the patients do not respond to standard medical therapy. There is limited data on the use of combining two biological agents in medically refractory patients. Our aims were to review patients who received two biological agents concurrently for at least 4 weeks or longer to assess for safety and efficacy of this approach.

 We performed a retrospective study on patients (1–22 years old) being treated at Children's Mercy Kansas City for IBD who were placed on a combination of two biological agents concurrently for medically refractory disease. Charts of eligible patients were reviewed to abstract demographics, Paris classification, extraintestinal manifestations, concomitant morbidities, drug therapy, surgeries, disease activity scores, outcomes and adverse events related to therapy.

 Nine patients with a median age of 16 (8–19 years) were found to be eligible. Eight were Caucasians and one was of African American origin. Eight patients were diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD), and one was thought to have ulcerative colitis (UC) but later found to have CD. Two had celiac disease, 2/9 had growth failure, one each had arthritis and sacroiliitis. Two had ileo-anal pouch and one patient had recurrent macrophage activating syndrome. Indications included partially responsive luminal disease(7), pouchitis (2), perianal fistulizing disease (2), sacroiliitis (1). Five patients were also on an immunomodulator at the time of combination therapy. Only one patient received Anakinra with infliximab whereas rest were on combination of either infliximab or adalimumab with vedolizumab. Four patients achieved remission, two were unresponsive, one had improvement in growth only and two had partial response. One patient developed staphylococcal skin infection but there was no other therapy related adverse events.

 Combination of two biological agents is safe. Further studies are needed to determine the utility of this approach.


Abstract 6-Functionalized 7-R-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (R = H or Me) were synthesized by Biginelli-like reaction of formaldehyde or acetaldehyde, aminoazoles, and corresponding β-dicarbonyl precursor. Alkylation of the obtained compounds proceeds smoothly at position 4, while oxidation leads to 7-R-[1,2,4]azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines formation. 6-Ethoxycarbonyl derivatives could be reduced to the corresponding alcohols by LiAlH4 and hydrolyzed to the acids. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


In everyday life, all kinds of lamps illuminate our work and life, giving us night light. Today, LED lamps and energy-saving lamps are the most common on the market. However, with the development of social sciences and technology, human demand for quality of life is increasing and is gradually becoming more rational and energy efficient. Compared to energy-saving lamps, LED lamps have become a trend.


In this laboratory experiment, college students are introduced to dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) and apply it to determine the substrate selectivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Initially, the students construct a chemical library of dynamically interchanging thioesters and thiols. Then, AChE is added and allowed to select and hydrolyze the best substrate, thereby removing it from the equilibrium and subsequently amplifying it. Analysis of these processes is done by 1H NMR analysis. The one-day bioorganic laboratory exercise introduces this new and rapidly growing concept in a realistic setting, using a target of biological significance.


There has been a concern that the accurate numerical simulation of multi-body flow, which is caused by the multiple disintegrations of expired spacecraft re-entering into the near space, has a critical bottleneck impact on the falling area of the disintegrated debris. To solve this problem, an O-type grid topology method has been designed for the multi-body flow field of irregular debris formed by multiple disintegrations in near space, and a finite-volume implicit numerical scheme has been constructed for the Navier-Stokes equations to solve the aerodynamic interference characteristics of irregular multi-body flow, and further the N-S equation numerical algorithm has been established for the irregular multi-body flows in near space. The reliability of the method has been verified by the comparison of the present computation and the experiment of the low-density wind tunnel for the two-body flow of sphere, cylinder and square scripts. The objects of this study are from the multiple disintegrations of the Tiangong-1 spacecraft during uncontrolled re-entry into the atmosphere, including propelling cylinders and low-temperature lock cabinets. A series of simulations of multi-body flow mechanisms around different combinations have been carried out with varied shapes and spacing. As a result, it is found that when the distance of irregular debris (e.g., two propelling cylinders) in the near space is in the range of Δy < 3D or Δx < D, there is an obvious multi-body interference between debris, and the flow characteristics are obviously changed. When the distance between the debris in near space reaches a certain level, the influence of mutual interference can be ignored. For example, when the y-direction distance between multiple bodies is greater than 3D, the flow interference tends to be small and can be ignored, and we can regard them as two separate pieces to be carried out by the numerical prediction of flight track and falling area in engineering application. The results provide a practical design criterion for the integrated simulation platform which is used to simulate the multi-physics complex aerodynamics of space vehicles from the free-molecule flow of the outer space to the near-ground continuum flow.


(57) Abstract: When OBJECTIVE holder is clamped to the rotatable disk, without moving the holder and the receiving hole is radial, annular surface is pressed against the end face of the rotary disc, a large torque rotating disc providing a turret head which is transmitted to the annular surface from. [Configuration] The holder receiving hole provided on the insertion disc disposed in the receiving recess near the rotating disc, inserted discs and two screw holes, Has inner and outer side screw having a conical recess or the conical end is screwed into the screw hole of the rotary disk, the holder has a shank and it perpendicular annular surface fitted to the holder receiving hole, the lateral hole of the shank the end or concave recess or end cooperating with inner and outer thread provided at both ends of the disposed the clamping bolt, from the end surface of the insertion disc to the axis of the threaded hole, until the axis of the transverse hole from the annular surface a greater distance, tighten the outer screw is pressed against an end face of the annular surface and the insert disc has inserted disc is a second recess on an outer peripheral surface, the tip recess in the radial direction of the threaded hole of the rotary disk abutment adjusting screws are screwed.


The high penetration of uncertain resources challenges the security of power system operation. By taking the impact of rescheduling under contingencies into consideration, reliability-constrained unit commitment (RCUC) is developed to address this challenge. Although several efforts have been made in modelling reliability constraints, the existing methods can only manage oversimplified low-order temporal-independent contingencies without considering wide-range contingencies or their state-transition-process issue. To quantify the impact of rescheduling on the normal-state scheduling process denoted by UC problem, this paper builds up a Bayesian inference method for encoding reliability constraints in wide-range temporal-dependent contingencies. Three predictors, for example, expected-generator-rescheduling-power, expected-energy-not-serviced and lost-of-load-probability, are selected to describe the possible corrective behaviours in rescheduling process and quantified by using Bayesian inference method. Then, these predictors are reformatted as a set of linearized constraints to be incorporated into UC. The proposed RCUC comprehensively considers the effect of rescheduling in wide-range temporal-dependent contingencies. Therefore, it can reveal the


A linear actuator capable of inducing a linear motion as well as a rotational motion using only two rotors is provided. The linear actuator includes: first and second rotors connected to respective driving force sources; a linear motion unit formed on the first rotor to be linearly movable; and a driving power transmission unit which is fixed to the second rotor and engages the linear motion unit. A linear motion on a rotor can be easily induced using a relative angular velocity difference between two rotors without an additional driving power source for the linear motion.


Abstract : Hydrologic data for Reelfoot Lake in Obion and Lake Counties, Tennessee, were collected at 4 surface-water inflow stations, 1 outflow station, 2 rainfall stations, 2 lake elevation stations, and 29 well for the period May 1, 1985 through September 30, 1986. Additionally, suspended-sediment data were collected at three stations on two of the major tributaries to the lake. These data are presented herein.


Gold streaming is a new method of financing gold mine development in Australia. Its adoption has been encouraged by the difficulties encountered in obtaining finance for mine development. Gold streaming involves a streaming company providing mine development finance in exchange for receiving volumetric production payments (VPPs). These are in the form of having the right to acquire a certain percentage of the amount of gold produced over the life of the mine at a predetermined price per ounce.


Currently,a mixed pattern of coordinate development between tax accounting and financial accounting is adopted in China,which reduces the quality of financial accounting information and tax accounting information,and hinders the fulfillment of accounting objectives as well.Therefore,the establishment of an independent tax accounting model mainly made up of Value Added Tax Accounting and Income Tax Accounting becomes necessary.The tax accounting conceptual framework and separated tax accounting bookkeeping system should be constructed.


The Invention of Hebrew, by Seth L. Sanders. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009. 258 pp. $50.00. The very title of Seth L. Sanders's audacious book is already a bit startling, inasmuch as natural languages-as opposed to, say, Esperanto and Fortran- cannot be said to be "inventions." What Sanders actually has in mind is the invention of vernacular literature, specifically, ancient Israel's creation of a standard written Hebrew that could serve as its language of culture and administration. In the Late Bronze Age, writing in one or another imperial dialect (using cuneiform, naturally) was de rigueur among scribal circles of the Ancient Near East. Why, then, did Israelite writers suddenly adopt the alphabet and turn to their native Hebrew in the ninth century B.C.E.? What in particular is the social significance of this linguistic displacement? To answer such questions, this prodigiously researched and wide-ranging study focuses not so much on the Bible as on the epigraphical data. The result is a thoughtprovoking social history of writing, combining philology, anthropology, and political theory. Sanders's overarching claim is that the rise of written vernacular forms in the Iron Age Levant-ultimately, the Bible itself-signals a new mode of political communication, one that introduced a new actor into history, namely, the people. The book consists of four central chapters framed by a brief introduction and conclusion. In Chapter One, Sanders traces in broad strokes the development of modern biblical studies in relation to general intellectual history, in an attempt to explain why the field has "lost sight of . . . the socially creative dimension of how a text speaks, not just what it says" (p. 14). He places particular emphasis on two pairs of intellectual figures: Hobbes and Spinoza, Lowth and Herder. Invoking the first pair establishes a first major premise: that the Bible is a specimen of "political communication." Invoking the second establishes a second major premise: that this political communication must be related to a people and a place. Chapter Two begins by surveying the early history of the alphabet and its first tentative uses, but the main goal here is to explore the significance of the first two known instances of vernacular literature, that of Ugarit and, later, Israel. It culminates in a fascinating comparison of the Ugaritic "ritual for national atonement and unity" (p. 59) and the biblical Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16). In both, one witnesses the appearance of a new political entity, namely, the people as a collective participant in history; in both, this entity is addressed as "you." The kin-based political model of West Semitic cultures-versus the monarchic model of Mesopotamia and Egypt-he finally argues, provides the proper context for understanding this social-linguistic development. Chapters Three and Four trace the historical transition itself. Chapter Three describes how, under Egyptian rule of the Late Bronze Age Levant, cosmopolitan cuneiform dominated the realm of writing, leaving little to no room for local dialects. The Amarna Letters are noteworthy for recording the linguistic interference of West Semitic grammar. Otherwise, local languages enjoyed a furtive textual existence as mere snatches of alphabetic writing in the interstices of imperial power: abecedaries, objects scribbled with indications of private ownership, etc. (It was against this backdrop that Ugarit managed to express some level of local cultural autonomy.) Chapter Four finally focuses on the burgeoning of alphabetic vernacular writing in the Iron Age Levant, of which Israel was merely one, albeit major, instance. …


This study deals with the mechanical response of the cell-wall to the co~npressive load applied parallel to the grain. The results from the analysis of sugi-wood (Cr3ptow.eriu jczpo7tica) were used to introduce a concept on stress-strain behaviour of wood. The differences in the mecha~lical behaviour between earlywood and latewood were reinarliable at air-dried condition, while the water-saturated wood had much less difference in stress/strain behaviour between the earlywood and the latewood than the air-dried wood. The mechanical properties and behaviour of timber are affected by the cell-wall characteristics of tracheids. The difference between the latewood and the earlywood in the stress induced increased considerably with increased stress level. It is apparent that the latewood performs the function of mechanical support against the load applied.


The present work illustrates the use of modeling and control strategies for evaluating the effects of changing operation conditions upon the xylene soluble (XS) trajectories in a real industrial propylene polymerization process. Special attention was given to the liquid bleed operation and to the XS dynamic responses. In order to evaluate the degree of coupling that may exist between the XS dynamics and the liquid bleed flow rate policy, a mass balance model was built and used to simulate the process behavior. It was observed that an eventual cocatalyst recirculation through the recycle stream may influence very significantly the dynamics of the cocatalyst/donor ratio and consequently the dynamics of XS during the polymerization Simulation results indicated that the effect of the liquid bleed operation and the cacatalyst/donor ratio may be minimized if PI controllers are designed to control the propane concentration in the reactor and to increase the speed of the cocatalyst/donor transitions. Finally, the proposed model was able to reproduce the dynamic XS profile obtained during a large XS transition.


The goal of this Ph.D. is to propose a new category of interactive techniques based on methods that augment the human memory to allow, through gestural interaction, easy and fast access to a large set of commands or data items. This project has two contributions : 1) to improve the understanding of phenomenons involved in learning gestures and memorizing commands ; 2) to propose new gestural interaction techniques helping memorization by taking advantage of previous results and knowledge of mnemonic methods.


Background  On December 26, 2004, the biggest earthquake for 40 years, measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale, triggered a tsunami that pounded the coastal areas of South Asia and East Africa. The effects of the tsunami on skin conditions have not been evaluated.


ABSTRACT A bacterial strain (strain S5) which grows aerobically with the sulfonated azo compound 4-carboxy-4′-sulfoazobenzene as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated. This strain was obtained by continuous adaptation of "Hydrogenophaga palleronii" S1, which has the ability to grow aerobically with 4-aminobenzenesulfonate. Strain S5 probably cleaves 4-carboxy-4′-sulfoazobenzene reductively under aerobic conditions to 4-aminobenzoate and 4-aminobenzene-sulfonate, which are mineralized by previously established degradation pathways.


The present invention relates to a backlight unit having a reflective portion, the backlight unit comprising: a light source module, the light source module for emitting light; a first reflection portion, the first reflective portion disposed to a side spaced apart from the first light source module distance, and having an opening region; and a second reflection portion, the second reflection portion arranged at a second distance greater than the first distance from the other side of the light source module and reflecting at least a portion of the second portion has an inclined surface to light toward the opening area of the first reflection portion.


High onion yield of hybrid Dutch variety "Manas F1" is possible by using drop watering method in combination with additional helio-based ridge profile using the RGD-1,2 ridger with special land levelers and torn down diggers. Property that define this method is the ridge slicing from west to east at a downgrade 8.5 ° of the response surface to the horizon. As a result, the ridge grade turns to the sun throughout the day light hours. This technology provides accelerated ridge heating in the spring period, improves the microclimate and protects sprouts and young onion from prevailing winds. The differentiated pre-irrigation soil moisture threshold on 80-70 % HB in a layer of 0.3 m from seeding to formation of the 5th leaf, followed by an increase in the calculated layer to 0.5 m and the available soil technology, allowed to obtain onion yield at the level of 110,6 t/ha.


Addition of small amounts of Ti oxide to Rh-Mn-Li/SiO2 catalysts unexpectedly results in an increase in their activity for C2-oxygenates production from syngas. Continuously increasing Ti loading depresses catalyst activity. The effect of Ti at low level on the catalytic properties in the CO/H2 reaction has been studied by various techniques. The characterization results indicate that the existence of Ti species has no effect on the ability of Rh to dissociate CO molecules and on the Rh dispersion. On the other hand, it is shown that trace amount of Ti strengthens the adsorption of CO and increases the amount of strongly adsorbed CO that can be hydrogenated and therefore improves the activity. The RhMn interaction intensity, which can be regulated by Ti doping, seems to be the main reason to achieve higher yield of the desired reaction products.


Kazunori Mori 1 ) and Hirohito Umeno 2 Various controversial problems have been pointed out for the treatment modality for patients with cicatricious stenosis of the larynx as follows: 1) successive change of the autografted mucosa and/or skin, 2) timing of complete closure of the tracheostoma, 3) influence of puberty upon the air-way, and 4) influence of puberty upon vocal functions. Thity-six patients more than 15-yearold and 23 patinets less than 15-year-old, both with cicatricious stenosis of the larynx, were retrospectively reviewed in this study. As a result, following conclusions were obtained. 1) Autografted mucosa/skin can be alive accompanying prominent cicatricious change below the grafted mucosa/skin, suggesting this histopathological change may bring re-stenosis of the air-way. 2) The trachestoma should be closed preferably after puberty, especially for patients undergoing posterior clicoid split (PCS) maneuver. For patients without PCS complete closure in childhood may cause no serious problem. 3) Patients treated their stenosis in childhood may have no restenosis of the air-way even in adulthood. 4) Patient with laryngeal stenosis may experience voice change at puberty as like ordinary children.


Abstract This paper offers a novel interpretation of the nature and role of logical (logikôs) argumentation in Aristotle's natural philosophy. In contrast to the standard domain interpretation, which makes logikôs argumentation the contrary of phusikôs, relying on principles drawn from outside the domain of natural science, I propose that the essential or defining feature of logikôs argumentation is the use of principles that are general relative to the question under investigation. My interpretation is developed and illustrated with a close textual analysis of Aristotle's explanation of mule sterility in Generation of Animals II 8.


To study the function of the OsF-box gene,the plant RNAi expression vector of the gene was constructed and in tegrated into the genome of a rice variety Nipponbare.The transgenic lines were identified by PCR and Southern blot analysis.Compared with the wild type,the transgenic rice plants got heading 15~20 days later and produced many tillers on upper nodes in the reproductive growth stage.Furthermore,the promoter sequenc e of the OsF-box gene was cloned and its GUS fusion gene expres sion vector was contructed and introduced into rice genome.The result of GUS hi stochemical staining showed that the OsF-box gene was expressed in stems and anthers but was not in roots and leaves.


The structure of three pattern classes Av(2143,4321), Av(2143,4312) and Av(1324,4312) is determined using the machinery of monotone grid classes. This allows the permutations in these classes to be described in terms of simple diagrams and regular languages and, using this, the rational generating functions which enumerate these classes are determined.


Chapter 4 analyzes argument formation in Nuosu Yi, a language that is typologically unusual in having classifiers as well as a definite determiner. Also unusual is the fact that its demonstratives do not combine directly with nouns but require the mediation of classifiers. Properties such as these are shown to challenge accounts of argument formation developed in Chapters 2 and 3. In particular, the discovery of a classifier language with an overt determiner may seem to tilt the balance in favor of the Universal DP Hypothesis and also disprove Chierchia's (1998b) Nominal Mapping Hypothesis adopted in Chapters 2 and 3. However, this chapter argues that the opposite is the case. It proposes a modification of Chierchia's (1998b) framework, which accounts for why classifier languages with overt Ds are possible but rare and also allows us to make further predictions about classifier languages.


UAV flying in the air is affected by external airflow factors, and the system has the characteristics of underdrive, nonlinear and uncertainty, which makes the flight state of the UAV become complicated. The trajectory tracking of UAV is studied by using Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) algorithm. ADRC control algorithms include tracking differentiator, extended state observer and error feedback control law. The active disturbance rejection and decoupling control of UAV track tracking is studied, The active disturbance rejection decoupling control introduces static decoupling matrix B to decouple the virtual control law U. The dynamically coupled disturbances are regarded as total disturbances, which are observed in real time by ESO of each main channel and compensated by control laws. Finally, the 2d trajectory tracking of UAV is realized.


While more and more anthropologists are conducting research on and/or in contemporary Western societies, little attempt has been made to characterize modern Western culture as such. The philosophies of Descartes and Leibniz, in particular, may be read as articulating ways of organizing experience that are typical of modernity. These "thought-forms" are still powerful both in everyday experience and in the social sciences, including anthropology. An example is drawn from the anthropology of the emotions; an alternative is suggested based on the heterodox philosophy of Spinoza.


1. Hosaka S, Akamatsu T, Nakamura S, et al. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the rectum with chromosomal translation of the t(11;18)(q21;q21) and an additional aberration of trisomy 3. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94: 1951–4. 2. Orita M, Yamashita K, Okino M, et al. A case of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma occurring in the rectum. Hepatogastroenterology 1999;46:2352–4. 3. Takenaka R, Tomoda J, Sakata T, et al. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the rectum that regressed spontaneously. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;15:331–5. 4. Crump M, Gospodarowicz M, Shepherd FA. Lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Semin Oncol 1999;26:324–37. 5. Fujiyoshi Y, Inagaki H, Tateyama H, et al. Mott cell tumor of the stomach with Helicobactor pylori infection. Pathol Int 2001;51:43–6. 6. Rao KG, Yaghmai I. Plasmacytoma of the large bowel: A review of the literature and a case report of multiple myeloma involving the rectosigmoid. Gastrointest Radiol 1978;25: 225–8. 7. Price A, Quilty PM, Ludgate SM. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the rectum: Two cases treated by radiotherapy. Clin Radiol 1987;38:283–5. 8. Pais JR, Garcia-Segovia J, Rodriguez-Garcia JL, et al. Solitary plasmacytoma of the rectum: Report of a case treated by endoscopic polypectomy and radiotherapy. Eur J Surg Oncol 1994;20:592–4. 9. Cowin J, Lindberg R. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone vs. extramedullary plasmacytoma and their relationship to multiple myeloma. Cancer 1979;43:1007–13. 10. Knowling M, Harwood A, Bergsagel D. Comparison of extramedullary plasmacytomas with solitary and multiple plasma cell tumors of bone. J Clin Oncol 1983;1:255–62. 11. Meis JM, Butler JJ, Osborne BM, et al. Solitary plasma cytomas of bone and extramedullary plasmacytomas. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Cancer 1987;59: 1475–85. 12. Wiltshaw E. The natural history of extramedullary plasmacytoma and its relation to solitary myeloma of bone and myelomatosis. Medicine 1976;55:217–38. 13. Frizzera G. Castleman's disease and related disorders. Semin Diagn Pathol 1988;5:346–64. 14. Hussong JW, Perkins SL, Schnitzer B, et al. Extramedullary plasmacytoma. A form of marginal zone cell lymphoma? Am J Clin Pathol 1999;111:111–6. 15. Alexiou C, Kau RJ, Dietzfelbinger H, et al. Extramedullary plasmacytoma. Tumor occurrence and therapeutic concepts. Cancer 1999;85:2305–14. 16. Mott FW. Observation on the brains of men and animals infected with various forms of trypanosomes. Proc R Soc Lond 1905;76:235–42. 17. Maldonado JE, Brown JAL, Boyd ED, et al. Cytoplasmic and intra-nuclear electron-dense bodies in the myeloma cells. Arch Pathol 1966;81:484–500. 18. Nizze H, Cogliatti SB, Von Schilling C, et al. Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma: Morphological variants and relationship to low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Histopathology 1991;18:403–14. 19. Isaacson P, Wright D. Malignant lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue: A distinctive type of B-cell lymphoma. Cancer 1983;52:1410–6.


This research has as general theme "Nursing care in palliative care in pediatric oncology", an approach that needs to be further discussed due to the need to prepare nursing professionals working in the pediatric sector with cancer patients who are terminally. Thus, an informative text was produced with information based on authors who have already conducted research on this theme, with a qualitative approach, because this is a Bibliographic research. To guide this research, the general objective was to identify the knowledge and reactions of nursing professionals in pediatric cancer care and as specific objectives to identify the perceptions and feelings that permeate pediatric nursing practice in relation to cancer, treatment, and its implications and to know the care/care activities aimed at children hospitalized in the pediatric oncology sector. It is concluded that the courses directed to nursing need to offer disciplines that prepare these professionals to deal with pediatric patients who are in terminal state, preparing them to comfort the family in the face of the failure of the treatments that the patient underwent.


Purpose: This study was conducted to identify late school-aged children's knowledge, and practical will in the practice of cancer prevention lifestyle, and to examine the relations between these variables and factors that influence practice. Methods: The participants included 525 fifth and sixth grade students from 8 elementary schools in J and S cities. Data were collected in December 2008 using self-report questionnaires developed by the authors and were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: Mean scores were, for knowledge of cancer prevention lifestyle, out of a possible 1, practical will, out of a possible 5, and practice, also out of 5. There were differences in knowledge (F=4.39, p=.013), practical will (F=18.35, p


The portfolio management strategy can gain additional wealth from measuring the cost of accounting for events jumps. This study captures the characteristic of jumps on international equities return in the real world. This frame work follows the Das and Uppal (2004) and bridges the gap on the p. 2817. We find, in their study, the problem that exists an expected term in the final solution of compensating wealth. This article also finds some relationship between the jump size and portfolio weights on the risk compensation.


This case emphasizes the value of cardiac MRI and genetic testing in the early phase of ARVD/C. It also emphasizes the increased risk of SCD for patients with ARVD/C participating in competitive sports, even with immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation.


Analytical techniques applicable in the Intelligence Agencies Threats to National security are becoming more diverse, which demands adaptability of the intelligence agencies. The context in which analyses are conducted in these agencies, including their outcomes, are more uncertain comparing to the established scientific methodology due to confidentiality, external constraints and short deadlines, which require conclusions based on a limited scope of information with often questionable quality, possibility of deception and an emphasis on prediction. The article presents certain challenges in the analytical work of intelligence agencies, and the causes that lead to unsuccessful outcomes of analyses, caused by the characteristics of the analysts (especially cognitive bias). In addition, the article presents some analytical techniques used in powerful intelligence systems, which enhance objectivity and quality of the analysis. Our recommendations include conducting the research on frequency of using analytical techniques in Croatian Intelligence Agencies, an empirical analysis of their efficiency and examination of the experts' attitudes on these techniques. Although the scientific validation of these techniques remains a challenge due to the specific tasks of the intelligence agencies, its conduct would expectedly improve the quality of the agencies' work, taking in consideration complex and changing present and hardly predictable future.


This paper focuses on the problem of $H_{\infty}$ output tracking control for networked control systems (NeSs) with network-induced long time delays. First, by combining the controlled plant and the reference model, the augmented closed-loop system is established. On the basis of the robust control method and time delay nominal point technique, the exponential uncertainty terms in the sampled system model caused by network-induced long time delays are transformed into sums of nominal terms and norm-bounded uncertainties. Then, by employing the Lyapunov-Krasovskii method, linear matrix inequalities (LMls) technique and discrete Jensen inequality, sufficient conditions for the existence of the $H_{\infty}$ state feedback controller are derived, which guarantee that the augmented closed-loop system is stable and satisfies the prescribed $H_{\infty}$ tracking performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a numerical example.


In this work the problem of supporting multilingual environments over OSI applications is addressed. Initially a solution based on the idea of using multilingual structures and transcription techniques is presented. Another solution based on the major principles of the former follows, which exploits the coding of all of character sets uniformally.


Posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder is uncommon, accounting for only 0.9% in a series of over 1500 shoulder injuries (Neer 1970). In that study, four of the eight cases of unilateral fracture-dislocation were caused by a seizure, and it is said that bilateral posterior fracturedislocation is virtually pathognomonic of a convulsive episode (Din and Meggitt 1983). There have been no previous reports of brain tumours presenting as posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder in the English language literature. Case report. A 50-year-old man presented to casualty having woken with pain in the right shoulder. There was no history of trauma but he described an influenza-like illness, with heachaches for 10 days. There was no significant past history, he took no regular medication and drank alcohol only occasionally. On examination there were no abnormal findings apart from pain on moving the right shoulder. Radiographs demonstrated a two-part posterior fracture-dislocation and this was confirmed by a CT scan (Fig. 1). In view of the fact that this injury is usually caused by a seizure, a CT scan of his head was also performed (Fig. 2). This showed a large space-occupying lesion in the left frontal lobe. The neurosurgica! team advised that his shoulder should be treated first and, under general anaesthesia with image intensification, closed reduction of the fracture-dislocation was achieved and found to be stable. Subsequently, an excision-biopsy showed that the tumour was a benign macrocystic meningioma. A further scan confirmed complete excision ; his prognosis is


Our data collection procedure for young adult (YA) follow-up surveys precedes the survey with a request to the parent for locator information on the YA. We tested how providing a token prepaid cash incentive to their parents would affect both parent response and subsequent (i.e., "downstream") survey response from the YAs. Parents were randomly assigned to one of three incentive conditions: $0 (N = 97), $1 (N = 98), and $2 (N = 97). We found strong evidence for a parent incentive effect on parent response during the parent mail/phone sequence, and mild evidence at the end of the parent effort. We found no parent incentive effect on final YA survey response. We did, however, find an effect on early YA survey response. For example, at 30 days following the initial survey mailing, YA survey response was 46.4 percent, 61.2 percent, and 58.8 percent for those whose parents received $0, $1, and $2, respectively (p =.03). Also, we found that giving $1 or $2 to parents increased the speed of YA survey response by 34 percent (p =.02). We found no evidence for a differential parent incentive effect on the speed of survey response between female and male YAs. The increase in the YA survey response speed imparted by a $1 or $2 incentive to parents can more than pay for itself by substantially reducing the proportion of YAs requiring intensive follow-up efforts.


The reaction of 1,3-Diisobutyl thiourea (Tu) with metal salts, {[CuX (X = Cl, I)], [ZnCl2] and [HgI2] in an appropriate stoichiometric ratio afforded the corresponding metal complexes [Tu2CuCl] (1), [Tu3CuI] (2), [Tu2ZnCl2] (3) and [Tu2HgI2] (4) in good yields. The FT-IR data show typically broad signals (3278–3288 cm−1) attributed to the involvement of NH bonds in extensive hydrogen bonding. The structures of complexes were proposed based on a spectroscopic data set. Compounds 1 and 2 were additionally characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Complexes 1–4 were tested for their free radical scavenging efficiency using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (hereafter abbreviated as DPPH). The free radical scavenging activity was a function of decrease in the resultant absorption of DPPH solution after the mixing of an appropriate concentration of the respective complex. The activity of complexes was determined to be dose dependent and increased concentration of the complex resulted in improved antioxidant activity. Compound 1 was found to be the most efficient, with 79.9% free radical scavenging activity. Complexes were also tested for their efficiency against selected strains of bacteria (E. coli, S. flexneri, S. typhi, and P. aeruginosa) and the activities were compared to commercially available standard drug cephradine. Compound 1 was more active against P.aeruginosa (ZI 13.25), while compound 4 was found to be more active against E. coli (ZI 11.0), S. flexneri (ZI 11.2), and S. typhi (ZI 10.5).


Woods of over 40 species representing nine genera of Styracaceae were studied. Features present in most taxa include growth rings, diffuse porosity, combinations of both solitaries and pore multiples, exclusively scalariform perforation plates, opposite to alternate intervessel pitting, imperforate tracheary elements with indistinctly bordered pits, both uniseriate and multiseriate heterocellular rays, and axial parenchyma distributed as a combination of diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates, and scanty. Prismatic crystals occur in species of the genera Bruinsmia, Halesia, and Styrax, and silica is present in a few Neotropical species of Styrax. The characteristic solitary pore distribution and high scalariform perforation plate bar number of Huodendron are of potential evolutionary significance. The xylem of Lissocarpa differs from the Styracaceae in possessing more highly evolved vessel elements with both simple and scalariform perforations and prominently banded axial parenchyma. The occurrence of simple perforation plates in the wider, earlywood vessel elements, along with an increased pore frequency and decreased vessel element length, in Styrax platanifolius and S. texanus is documented. Both species inhabit seasonally dry habitats of the southwestern United States, thus supporting similar specialisations observed in other plants growing in xerophytic conditions. The apparent variation in perforation plate condition within different geographic varieties of S. officinalis is discussed. Significant correlations of wood anatomical characters and latitude of provenance are present among species of Styracaceae. Increasing latitude is strongly correlated with increased pore and multiseriate ray frequency, and decreased vessel element length and wall thickness. Increasing latitude is less strongly correlated with an occurrence of decreased pore diameter, increased bar number per perforation plate, increased fibre-tracheid and intervessel pit diameter, and increased frequency of uniseriate rays. Weak correlations are also evident between increasing latitude and shorter ray height and narrower, shorter, and thinner-walled fibre-tracheids.


My research thesis is a search for a place to be, a place that would make the city an easier place to live and experience, when we are either constantly surrounded by a tumultuous public or isolated at home.

My search has led me to define a place that could provide simultaneously Space and Time to bridge what is missing in both the public and the private.
What is there left, not linked to commerce, not activity related, with no ownership and no disturbance?

This place that this thesis project looked for should provide a familiar feeling of home and safety, when you need a break or rest, and should compare to the basic need of human interaction with one of a shelter.
It has been a journey to research and try to create something that can be somewhere and everywhere, a place that one need not to look for but can stumble on at every corner.
A place that acts as a welcoming sign.

A search for the in-between place, an oasis in the city.


Greenhouse gas emission reduction is a global issue, and the United States' historic carbon dioxide emissions require it to bear the corresponding financial responsibility in the Paris agreement. Mr Trump therefore decided to withdraw from the Paris agreement. Neither can the US withdraw from the Paris agreement reverse the US-led North American carbon pricing system, nor the EU and other countries' carbon pricing and emission reduction systems. The government of the carbon pricing mechanism and China's carbon market pricing system of national unity has begun to take shape the global carbon market pricing mechanism, and the in the future carbon resource allocation, carbon, carbon and political game will play a decisive role in the economic transformation.


Objective To compare three methods of inflating endotracheal tube cuff with manometer so as to prevent ischemic damages of tracheal mucosa due to the overdistension of cuff.Methods 44 patients were enrolled who were either intubated with endotracheal tubes or had tracheostomies and were given mechanical ventilation.The endotracheal tube cuff pressure(CP) was measured by the PORTEX manometer immediately after they were delivered into the intensive care unit(CP1).Then the CP were measured after three methods of the cuff inflating respectively(CP2,CP3,CP4).Method A:the inflation of cuff was stopped by checking the hand-bag's pressure according to doctor's experience.Method B:Infused a fixed volume of 10 mL air.Method C:Inflated the cuff till air leakage just disappeared judged by using a stethoscope.Results CP1 was(52.40±(8.08)cm H_2O).CP2,CP3 and CP4 were(53.27±7.00)cm H_2O,(62.00±8.24)cm H_2O,(12.41±(2.29)cm H_2O) respectively.There was significant difference between CP2 and CP4(P0.01),CP3 and CP4 either.When the peak airway pressure was as high as 30 cm H_2O,there were 4 cases with little air leakage in group of method C,but no air leakage in group of method A and B.Conclusions To monitor CP by using the Portex manometer is proved valuable.Method A and B are not reliable to prevent excessive cuff pressure.Method C may have a little air leakage,and infusion of 0.5~1 mL air added is worthy of recommendation if no manometer is available.


markdownabstract#### Q&A with Carien van der Laan (Lesa Sawahata)

Her CV is impressive: an early career as a corporate attorney, an MBA from Harvard Business School, and subsequent management positions for such companies as McKinsey, KPN and Versatel. It's clear that Carien van der Laan has succeeded in what might be termed 'a man's world', giving her substantial insight into the frustrations and opportunities of being a woman in business. In 2004 Van der Laan and her partner Bercan Gunel founded Woman Capital, an agency that pairs experienced female executives with top-level management positions.

#### Greening: climate change (Lesa Sawahata)

Professor Gail Whiteman has said she doesn't want to be the 'poster child' for sustainability at RSM. Sadly It's too late. Gail is perhaps the most visible, and one of the most voluble, faculty members on issues related to the environment.

#### Strategies for turbulent times

A key question for managers facing such an unpredictable business and economic environment is how to strategise for the future? To help find the answer we sought the expertise and opinion of leaders from both business and academia. Senior executives from four world-class organisations give their perspectives as do Professor George Yip, dean of RSM and an authority on global strategy, and Professor Henk Volberda, RSM's strategic management and business policy expert.

#### Reverse logistics: staying in the loop (Ben Schiller)

In years gone by, what happened to products once they had been finished with by customers was of little concern to manufacturers. Increasingly, however, driven by environmental concerns and good business sense, industry is exploring the potential benefits offered by reverse logistics and the concept of closed loop supply chains.


Abstract The essential oil from Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq., obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial part of the plants over two consecutive years, and collected at diferent vegetative stages, flowering and flowering-fructification, did not differ in regard to the composition of analyzed sesquiterpenes but showed variation in the relative concentration of one of its constituents. The oil yield decreased from 0.5% during flowering to 0.3% during flowering-fructification (fresh weight basis). It was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-four compounds were identified, which represented 93–5% of the oil in the flowering stage and 92.5% of it in the flowering-fructification one. The oil was found to contain β-caryophyllene (14.3–12.0%), germacrene D (14.7–15.3%), curzerene (11.5–12.7%) and bicyclogermacrene (12.1–14.2%) as major compounds.


The year 2020 has proven to be quite a resounding for global politics has undergone radical and significant changes leaving deep imprints on the geopolitical landscape of central power politics. This year the COVID-19 pandemic wreaked havoc, bringing about unprecedented scales of bars on the pace of globalization. The U.U.U.ithdrew from Afghanistan after nearly two decades of a bloody war on terror. China consolidated its rise as a new hegemon in the shape of a Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. The decreasing influence of the USA has provided China with ample opportunity to register itself as the new rising hegemon of the world. However, it has already established itself as a dominant player on the chessboard of Asian politics. The consolidation of RCEP as a new emerging economic bloc has cautioned the west of its diminishing influence and shrinking markets. It has opened up many prospects for South Asian countries, especially India and Pakistan, to embark upon a trade boom economic development depending on their choice of joining it.


For eight years, I have been a member of my local Board of Education, including two years as its president. While doing what I could to improve the education of 1,500 students annually, I have also broadened my awareness of the relevance of political science to the practical work of government. My colleagues did not always appreciate my academic specialty. On one occasion, when I made a particularly unrealistic suggestion, the board president (ironically, also a Ph.D. in the field) commented, "There speaks a true political scientist." Yet sometimes the discipline proved helpful to them. For example, we wrestled one evening past midnight with the proposed promotion of a mediocre but highly popular athletic coach. I convinced myself, and some others, to support the appointment by invoking Max Weber's "ethics of responsibility"--surely one of the most arcane considerations ever used in making local educational decisions. In this informal report, I want to stress the relationships between my limited experience to more general aspects of democracy. School boards, to a great extent, emphasize that strand of democratic thought, exemplified by the ancient Greeks and Rousseau, that focuses on the importance of the community. In these theories of what Jane Mansbridge calls "unitary democracy," citizens voluntarily assume office, repress any private interests, and promote a discoverable common good. This is the official doctrine, but the surprising reality is that school board behavior largely fits the ideal. Of the twenty board members with whom I served, only one had an unsheathed ax to grind. And he (or, respecting confidentiality, she) gained neither victory nor respect. Board members receive neither pay nor perquisites more attractive than free tickets to chilly football games. They typically will spend one to two evenings a week on school business, slighting their families and careers, earning the unpleasant rewards of complaints over everything from taxes to crayons. Still, they come each week, to consider the carpeting in the high school library, or the price of grilled cheese sandwiches, or -too rarely-the goals of education. School board members believe in the doctrine of the common good. In practice, however, they must deal with a more familiar strand of democratic thought. This strand, well represented in our founding political philosophers such as Locke and Madison, focuses on the competition of interests, in conflict and its resolution, and on the winning of immediate victories. Being Americans, school board members are attracted to this competitive form of politics. In statewide training sessions of newly elected board members, for example, the most lively discussion in the corridors will be about campaign strategies, not the scheduled topics of parliamentary procedure or curriculum development. There are many reasons for this preference. Election campaigns are exciting, satisfying to the ego (if you win), and clear in the results. In contrast, governing the schools involves considerable tedium, constantly reminds you of the limitations on your "power," and produces few clear results. Having won their seats, school board members often echo Robert Redford's closing line in The Candidate: "What do we do now?" The difference between electioneering and governing is a familiar problem for office-holders, most recently illustrated by President George Bush's surgery to remove the lips that promised "No new taxes." I believe it is a particular problem for school board members, who are not professional politicians and are therefore less likely to be able to find the appropriate middle way between two opposite temptations. One temptation is to concentrate on winning and holding office, a course sometimes pursued by legislators who overemphasize "the electoral connection." Since there are few extrinsic rewards, this course is less likely to attract boards of education. The greater peril for these officials is that they will concentrate too much on governing and neglect their constituents. The anthropologist must beware of "going native," and becoming overly identified with his or her host society. Similarly, a board member must beware of "going professional," and becoming overly identified with the school district's permanent administrators. It surely is tempting. The voters pay little attention to the schools, unless their children or their wallets are affected; the professionals sincerely devote their lives. The voters are factually uninformed; the professionals know the literature. The voters collectively speak to the board only once a year, when the budget is presented; the professionals talk to the board weekly, sometimes daily. The voters have only one, if powerful, sanction over the board, its potential defeat in the next election (although many will not run for a new term); the professionals have multiple sanctions, from teacher resistance to personal disapproval. Moreover, the institutional framework fosters this identification. Virtually everything that happens in the schools is the legal responsibility of


Subspace coding over linear network channels assuming incoherent transmission allows independent design of channel and network codes. Joint design however would be desirable for dynamic network conditions. In this work a geometrical approach (in the Kleinian sense) to dynamic network coding is presented. The approach consists of capturing the communication process with group actions. Specifically, codes are chosen as geometries: homogeneous spaces obtained from group actions carry the information and the dynamic network code is the stabilizer of the action. The approach subsumes other approaches and provides natural adaptive encoding and decoding schemes with linear algebra tractability over different communication ambient spaces. The algebraic object called flag is proposed to encode information while the dynamic network coding is specified by its stabilizer (Borel group) showing the interplay between the flag, the channel impairing the flag and the network code stabilizing the flag. Ergodic capacity achievability is discussed.


The genus Westphalina A. Robyns & Bamps, with one species, was based on a series of collections made by Irene Kunkel-Westphal mostly at a single locality in Guatemala (Kunkel-Westphal & Kunkel 1979). Bamps & Robyns (1977) admitted that their new genus was closely related to Mortoniodendron Standl. & Steyerm., but chose to distinguish it from that Central American (and Colombian) genus on the basis of its lack of stipules, free stamens not grouped into phalanges, ovules 18 20 per locule, thick mesocarp, and elongated funiculus. Meijer in Gunn et al. (1992) placed Westphalina in synonymy under Mortoniodendron without comment. Re-evaluation of some of the characters cited by Bamps & Robyns (1977) and reinterpretation of others confirm that the two genera cannot be maintained as distinct.


Reactive power optimization for wind power system is a non-linear problem with multi-state variables and multi-constraints.As differential evolution algorithm(DE) has a shortcoming of easily plunging into a local optimal solution,an improved DE was put forward.For the basic differential evolution algorithm,the increasing quadratic function crossover operator was added to increase the convergence speed.When the algorithm runs into prematurity,the random perturbation mutation strategy is adopted for the best individual and the randomly selected individual to help them being out of local minimum.The results of system simulation showed that this algorithm can seek the best result of overall situation effectively and increase the convergence speed obviously,having favorable self-adaptive characteristic.


TLR7 is a single-stranded RNA-recognizing innate immune receptor with roles in anti-viral immunity and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in humans and SLE-like autoimmunity in mice. TLR7 gene duplication drives inflammation and autoimmunity in the BXSB mouse model and other Y autoimmune accelerator (Yaa)-derived models of murine lupus. Additionally, TLR7 SNPs associate with SLE in Eastern Asian populations. In this study, we investigated effects of TLR7 overexpression on CD4+ T cell subsets. In unmanipulated, 5-6 month old TLR7 BAC transgenic mice, we observed amplified activated:naïve T cell ratios and preferential expansion of the Th1 subset compared to wild type controls. We also evaluated the phenotype of TCR transgenic T cells specific for the RNA-binding autoantigen, human La, following adoptive transfer into TLR7 BAC transgenic mice. These human La-specific T cells demonstrated enhanced differentiation to Th1 and PSGL1lowCXCR4+ extrafollicular helper phenotypes after recovery from TLR7-overexpressing human La transgenic mice compared to wild type human La transgenic controls seven days after transfer. Moreover, TLR7 overexpression in recipient mice resulted in significantly reduced expansion of the CD4+ Foxp3+ phenotype among transferred, human La-specific cells. These data indicate that TLR7 overexpression alters CD4+ T cell populations in a manner that potentially contributes to autoinflammatory disease in these animals.


Abstract Lithium derivatives of some 4-substituted 3-morpholinones react with aromatic aldehydes and with chloral to afford 4-alkyl-2-(1-hydroxy-alkyl)-3-morpholinones with good yields.


The use of reinforcement learning (RL) in real-world domains often requires extensive effort to ensure safe behavior. While this compromises the autonomy of the system, it might still be too risky to allow a learning agent to freely explore its environment. These strict impositions come at the cost of flexibility and applying them often relies on complex parameters and hard-coded knowledge modelled by the reward function. Autonomous driving is one such domain that could greatly benefit from more efficient and verifiable methods for safe automation. We propose to approach the automated driving problem using constrained RL, a method that automates the trade off between risk and utility, thereby significantly reducing the burden on the designer. We first show that an engineered reward function for ensuring safety and utility in one specific environment might not result in the optimal behavior when traffic dynamics changes in the exact environment. Next we show how algorithms based on constrained RL which are more robust to the environmental disturbances can address this challenge. These algorithms use a simple and easy to interpret reward and cost function, and are able to maintain both, efficiency and safety without requiring reward parameter tuning. We demonstrate our approach in the automated merging scenario with different traffic configurations such as low or high chance of cooperative drivers and different cooperative driving strategies.


Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has been limited to use because its high global warming potential (GWP). Iodotrifluoromethane (CF3I) is a potential alternative to SF6, which has advantages on environmental performance. But due to its instability, it may decompose during discharge process. The decomposition products may affect the insulating characteristics of Cf<inf>3</inf>I/N<inf>2</inf>. In this paper the decomposition products are detected include C<inf>2</inf>F<inf>6</inf>, C<inf>2</inf>F<inf>4</inf>, C<inf>3</inf>F<inf>8</inf> and their quantities after 50, 100, 150 and 200 times of discharge in non-uniform electric field and analyzed the breakdown voltages after different times discharge. The decompositions of Cf<inf>3</inf>I/N<inf>2</inf> can change the components of insulating gas and have the solid decomposition iodine. But the amount of decomposition will not be very large and it will not have a significant impact on the insulation properties after limited and transient discharges.


The paper focused on examining the satisfaction of students with hostel accommodation in tertiary institutions in Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria. The study sought specifically to identify the level at which students were satisfied with hostel accommodation using fifteen (15) variables. In order to obtain data, three (3) tertiary institutions within the study area were purposively sampled. A total of 150 copies of questionnaire were distributed to residents in the school hostels. Specifically, 50 copies of questionnaire were distributed in each residential hostel in schools that were sample out. Analysis were done using both descriptive statistics such as frequencies and simple percentages as well as relative satisfaction index (RSI) to determine the level of satisfaction of students in the hostels. A five point likert scale was adopted in explaining the level of satisfaction of students with the hostels. The findings revealed that the students were fairly satisfied with the quality, condition and general standards of the hostels in the study area. This is due to the fact that certain facilities that need to be on ground to boost satisfaction level of students were not adequately provided. For instance, it was noted that students do not have maximum access to ICT facilities in hostels. It was also revealed that privacy in hostels had the weakest contribution to student satisfaction in the hostels. In order to boost satisfaction of residents with hostel accommodation, it was suggested that hostels be maintained regularly to avoid deterioration of facilities. It was also recommended that more residential units be developed to accommodate students in the study area. Equally, the students' priority should be given concern in the housing development process.


Within the field of SLA, studies have examined the word search practices of native and non-native speakers as interactional phenomena. Word search episodes are cases in interaction during which a speaker "displays trouble with the production of an item in an ongoing turn at talk" (Brouwer, 2003:535) and does not provide the next relevant turn but interrupts his present course of action to orient to the turn-under construction (Kurhila, 2006:20). The trouble-source can be grammatical, lexical or a longer syntactic unit. This paper focuses on lexical searches where a speaker "wishes to label a concept for which she does not have the lexical resources, or where these resources are available but cannot be recalled, or where available and retrievable resources cannot be used successfully because of contextual constraints" (Kasper & Kellerman, 1997:8). Whilst lexical searches have been examined with respect to learners' use of different semiotic modes (Brouwer, 2004; Carroll, 2005) and strategies employed for their resolution (Kurhila, 2006), to the best of our knowledge, few studies have examined lexical word search episodes in online mediated interactions. This study builds upon previous research (Guichon & Cohen, 2014) that examined the effects of different synchronous conferencing tools on lexical word search. More specifically, it compares lexical word search in learner-teacher interactions in either a videoconferencing or audioconferencing condition. It concerns 40 undergraduate students (20 in each condition) with a B2 level in English who were asked to describe a previously unseen photograph to a native English EFL teacher. The photograph contained problematic lexical items likely to trigger word search episodes. In the videoconferencing condition, the webcam gives participants access to multimodal semiotic resources that might impact on the course of lexical searches, whereas in the audioconferencing condition, episodes rely solely on the verbal mode. The aim of this study is to explore how having access to the interlocutor's image impacts on the lexical searches.All the interactions were recorded using dynamic screen capture software and acts in the verbal and visual modes were transcribed using ELAN (Sloetjes & Wittenburg, 2008), a multimodal data annotation tool. We chose to look in detail at one problematic lexical item, a 'tunnel earring', and observed the number of cases for which it triggered lexical searches. We then compared the episode duration between the two conditions, before adopting a qualitative approach to explore to what extent the information was communicated differently in each condition and what role gestures and other multimodal elements played. Finally, we examined whether one condition was more favourable to reach the target item.Initial findings suggest that the learner's image provided by the webcam helped to launch word search trajectories as well as signal to the teacher that these were not complete and that the learner wanted to contribute further. The combination of the visual and verbal modes also allowed learners to provide more detailed and precise descriptions of the target item by contributing information in a wider range of semantic categories. The consequences of this finding in relation to language learning will be discussed.


The reactor pressure vessel(RPV) is one of the most key equipment of PWR nuclear power plants,demanding requirements of its very bad service environment on the material properties of the RPV steels.The low temperature embrittlement phenomenon of RPV steel is summarized,the nil-ductile transition temperature and the adjusted reference temperature RTNDT of RPV steel,linear elastic fracture toughness requirements,ASME curve method and Master curve method are detail introduced.In addition,the future development direction of evaluation method for RPV structural integrity is prospected.


We present technology that uses a computergenerated 3-D image inserted in real-time endoscopic view. The generated image represents the safe zone, the area in which the tip of the surgical tool should stay during operation. Movements of tools can be tracked using existing techniques of surgical tools navigation based on tracking fiduciary markers. We describe a spatial measurement system and explain the process of virtual zone creation, challenges related to the accuracy of the augmented reality system and calibration process that can be improved by machine learning techniques. We discuss possible future usage of this system in telesurgery both on the ground and in space. Keywords—Augmented reality; image processing; endosurgery


The texture formation of TiN, TiCN and TiC films at the incipient stage during plasma coating on (011) [100] single crystals of silicon steel was investigated using the electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) method.The orientation of very thin TiN film parallel to the normal direction (ND) exhibited separate (111) and (100) colonies of about 20-30 μm areas with low angles, whereas that to the rolling direction (RD) also exhibited separate and colonies.In contrast, the orientation of very thin TiCN and TiC films parallel to the ND and the RD was random.It should be noted that the smaller misfits of ceramic films and single crystals of silicon steel makes colonies coherent to the ND or the RD orientation at the incipient stage during plasma coating.


Blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) have shown promise in combating the Covid epidemic. Blockchain in particular may aid in early detection to fight pandemics. The methods established for infection prevention include the use of face masks, public isolation within a 6 metre radius, regular check-ups, and two doses of vaccinations.This system has features for detecting masks, people, temperature, information tracking, in-person interactions, and a person's medical history. Diseases might be monitored and their spread contained with the advancement of technology and the rise in smartphone use. Because additional economic sectors are opening up and because Covid is still spreading widely, adhering to the guidelines is more important than ever for avoiding infection.


I n t ro d u c t i o n I m ages are a vital element in the publ i c ation and pre s e n t ation of s c i e n t i fic re s e a rch. In our modern , v i s u a l ly literate society, t h e v i ewer depends on images almost as mu ch as the wo rds they a c c o m p a ny (a picture is wo rth a thousand wo rds). Th e t e chniques for cre ating these images have ch a n ged dra s t i c a l ly over the ye a rs as the field has advanced from the sparse inke d woodcuts of the 16th century to the digi t a l ly mastered image s of today. With each major advance in tech n o l ogy, n ew p e rc eptions of wh at these images rep resent began to fo rm , c re ating some uncertainty about interp re t ation. A rt i s t s ' re n d e rings in such media as ink, pencil or paint, c re ated an o bvious perc eption of artistic license, as the subject had to fi rs t be interp reted by an individual and then re n d e red to its fi n a l fo rm. When photograp hy became more commonplace, a ge n e ral perc eption that the image was an unaltered accounting of reality cre ated a bl u rring of this interp re t ive line. A large pro p o rtion of scientific images today are cap t u red or c o nve rted to digital fo rm to fa c i l i t ate their inclusion in print or e l e c t ronic media. Computer imaging softwa re has become a dominant fe at u re of the modern "digital dark ro o m. " R e s e a rch e rs or technicians using such softwa re can easily alter i m ages and do it in ways that are virt u a l ly undetectabl e. Te chniques of image manipulation that , in the past, could only be done by few, and with gre at …


The objective of the Madrid Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is to provide a comprehensive regime for the protection of the Antarctic environment and to preserve its value as an area for scientific research. Some Treaty nations have interpreted the reach of the Protocol to be limited with respect to the marine environment. Important environmental safeguards have not been enacted in this area, casting the effectiveness of the Protocol into doubt. This paper examines three artifacts of regime design leading to the Protocol's uncertain fate in the Antarctic maritime area and makes several recommendations for improved effectiveness.


A total of five Moroccan landraces and four modern varieties of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) were characterized for morphological characteristics. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Descriptive statistics showed an important phenotypic variability for all characters analyzed. The coefficients of variation ranged from 17 to 43 %. A highly significant and positive correlation was found between FW, FL, FWd and TSS. A principal component analysis (PCA) indicated two first axes explained the maximum simple variation; it sorted the genotypes into four groups. The factorial discriminant analysis (FDA) showed highly significant differences between groups. The Mahalanobis distance values ranged from 0.84 to 1.63. The highest value was recorded between the varieties belonging to group GI1 and the landraces ZG1, ZG2 and RM2. The results of morphological characterization revealed a large diversity


We introduce almost generalized α-ψcontractive maps and prove the existence and uniqueness of fixed points of almost generalized α-ψcontractive maps in partially ordered sets endowed with a metric. Our results extend and generalize the results of Samet, Vetro and Vetro [16], Karapinar and Samet [8] and Ciric, Abbas, Saadati and Hussain [6]. Furthermore, we provide examples in support of our results.


The present study investigates the effect of various doses of N, P and K (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha -1 ) on sunflower hybrids (SF-187 and Parsun-1. The data indicated that different parameters (plant height, head diameter, number of seeds head -1 , 100 seed weight and biological yield) were significantly (p≤0.05) affected by an increase in fertilizer level in all combinations when compared with the control. Maximum seed yield (2813 kg ha -1 ) was produced by fertilizer combinations of 150:100:100 NPK kg ha -1 and minimum in control plot (1813 kg ha -1 ). Hybrid Parsun-1 produced less yield than SF-187. Oil content also varied with different combinations of NPK fertilizers, which ranged from 37 to 39%.during both the seasons. Maximum biological yield (15.8 tons ha -1 ) was produced in NPK combination of 150:100:100 kg ha -1


A process for preparing organopolysiloxane resins, lies in the fact that on a 1st stage a silane of formula (I): RSiORi / or its hydrolyzate and the silane of formula (II): Si (OR) and / or its partial hydrolyzate, where R, r and Rimeyut above in the specification value, and if necessary, other organic silicon compound with water in the presence of an acid, wherein the formed alcohol is at least partly removed in a 2nd stage obtained in the 1st stage the homogeneous reaction mass is converted in the presence of a base and a water-insoluble organic solvent and Delete by distillation water and alcohol, in the third stage obtained in the 2nd stage the homogeneous reaction mass is neutralized with acid, if necessary, distilled still existing water and alcohol and remove formed by neutralization of the precipitated salt, and, if necessary, on the 4th stage of the obtained in the 3rd stage the homogeneous reaction mass was removed by a water-insoluble organic solvent.


The optimum reaction system of SRAP in squash was studied in order to ensure stability and product bility of SRAP.After testing some important influencing factors of SRAP in squash such as MgCl2,dNTPs,Taq DNA polymerase,primer,template DNA,the temperature for annealing and the number of cycles,the results showed that in 25 μL SRAP reaction system,the optimum concentration were 1.5 mmol/L MgCl2,0.2 mmol/L dNTPs,Taq DNA polymerase 1.5 U,primer 0.2 ng/μL,template DNA 6 ng/μL.The PCR amplification procedure used in this study was as follow: pre-denature at 94℃for 5 min,then 94℃40s,35℃40s,72℃90s,for 5 cycles,and then 94℃40s,50℃40s,72℃90s,for 32 cycles.Finally extended at 72℃ for 5 min.The results also indicated that the optimized conditions of SRAP could provide an effective means for the research of genetic diversity,molecular marker and auxiliary breeding in squash.


Mesoporous alumina (MA) samples with high surface area and comparatively narrow pore size distributions were synthesized for the first time using aluminium powder as an aluminium source and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a structure directing agent via a sol–gel method in alkaline solution. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), powder X-ray diffraction, small angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption techniques were used to characterize the MA samples. The results indicate that the alkali metal ions used in the preparation play a significant role in determining the crystalline structure and morphology of the synthesized MA. In comparison with using aluminium chloride, γ-Al2O3 forms more readily using aluminium powder.


The elucidation of intermolecular interactions for the systematic control of nucleation and crystallization is key to produce perovskite photovoltaics with superior performance. In this study, we a...


The current topic that is interesting as a solution of the impact of public service improvement toward vehicle is License Plate Recognition (LPR), but it still needs to develop the research of LPR method. Some of the previous researchs showed that K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) succeed in car license plate recognition. The Objectives of this research was to determine the implementation and accuracy of Otsu Method toward license plate recognition. The method of this research was Otsu method to extract the characteristics and image of the plate into binary image and KNN as recognition classification method of each character. The development of the license plate recognition program by using Otsu method and classification of KNN is following the steps of pattern recognition, such as input and sensing, pre-processing, extraction feature Otsu method binary, segmentation, KNN classification method and post-processing by calculating the level of accuracy. The study showed that this program can recognize by 82% from 100 test plate with 93,75% of number recognition accuracy and 91,92% of letter recognition accuracy.


: Congenital segmental giant megaureter (CSGM), which refers to segmental cystic dilatation of the upper collecting system, is extremely rare in the pediatric population. Depending on the etiology, the condition could be categorized as primary or secondary megaureter with three subtypes including refluxing, obstructed, nonrefluxing and nonobstructed types. We report a case in which the CSGM presented as a giant abdominal cystic mass with associated right-sided hydronephrosis that was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. Cystic mass and the tubular structure at the caudal side of the cystic mass were demonstrated on abdominal ultrasound. We identified a connection between the cystic mass and the lumen of the tubular structure. Therefore, the cystic mass was reported as CSGM on abdominal ultrasound, especially categorized as the nonrefluxing and nonobstructed type. The percutaneous nephrostomy was performed to relieve hydronephrosis, followed by excision of the dilated segment. CSGM is an extremely rare presentation of megaureter, requiring variable imaging modalities and an appropriate intervention. Especially, careful real-time ultrasound was critical to identify the CSGM promptly and essential for the individual appropriate management.


The purpose of this quantitative study employing an ex post facto, quantitative design was to research two forms of development, namely executive coaching and traditional methods of training, in relation to the level of learning transfer achieved through each method. One research question guided this study: To what extent are there differences in learning transfer between executives who have experienced executive coaching and executives who have experienced traditional methods of training? A random sample of participants in leadership positions and members of the American Society of Training and Development (ASTD) completed the Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI). After taking demographics into account, the data obtained were analyzed to see whether there were any differences between coaching and traditional methods of training. Findings showed that there was a substantial perceived transfer of learning in both groups. This study has an impact on the value of executive coaching for executives and managers.


In China, training schools are ubiquitous, where heterogeneous pedestrian flow (which consists of adults and children) widely occurs during the after-class period. In this paper, we develop a fine grid cellular CA model to describe the pedestrian behaviors (e.g., pick-up behavior, searching behavior, matching behavior, waiting behavior, leading behavior, and following behavior) at a training school during the after-class period and explore the effects of the special behaviors on each pedestrian's movement in and around a classroom. To describe the heterogeneous pedestrian flow accurately, (i) some questionnaire surveys are designed to extract some features of adult's and child's movement, and (ii) some video experiments are conducted to estimate/calibrate some parameters of interest in the proposed model. Finally, some strategies are designed to enhance the evacuation efficiency and the operational efficiency of training school. The numerical results indicate that the proposed model can reasonably match with reality, and the proposed strategies can enhance the evacuation efficiency and the operational efficiency of training school. The results can help the administrators to effectively manage the pedestrian evacuation at training school during the after-class period.


Spontaneous phenotypic revertants of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl‐transferase (HPRT) temperature‐sensitive V79 Chinese hamster cells were selected by plating a temperature‐sensitive mutant in HAT medium at 39°C. The incidence of such revertants was approximately 2 × 10−4 per cell. The majority of the revertants examined had increases of between three‐ and tenfold in their specific activity of the enzyme, and they were able to grow continuously in the presence of HAT medium at 39°C. When the revertants were cultivated in the absence of HAT, they recovered their HAT‐sensitive phenotype and their lowered level of HPRT. Three of the revertants were examined for their temperature inactivation profiles, and all were found to have profiles identical to the ts parent, and quite different from the V79 wild type. The kinetic properties of the cell lines were studied:the Km for both PRPP and hypoxanthine was significantly different in the temperature‐sensitive cells but was not significantly altered in the revertants with respect to the ts mutants. A specific antibody to Chinese hamster brain HPRT was employed in immunoprecipitation experiments. By measuring the point at which the immunoprecipitation of the antibody to HPRT was overcome by increasing concentrations of cell supernatant, it was possible to estimate the relative amount of enzyme molecules in the cell lines. From these data, it could be concluded that the revertants overproduced an enzyme with the same immunological properties as the ts line. Southern blots of the Hind Ill restricted DNA from the ts mutant and two revertant cell lines were examined with an HPRT cDNA probe. This established that the HPRT gene was amplified twofold in one of the revertants, and threefold in the other. However, if the revertants were reintroduced into nonselective medium, the gene copy number declined to one. Finally, northern blots of RNA extracted from the various cell lines demonstrated that the HPRT mRNA was augmented 1.5‐fold in one revertant and 1.4‐fold in the other. Reintroduction into non‐selective medium resulted in a decline in mRNA level for the second mutant, whereas the first mutant appeared to be stabilized.


Two years field study was conducted at Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow during 1988–89 and 1989–90 to study the effect of herbicides on weeds and sugarcane field, Uncontrolled growth of weeds reduced the sugarcano yield by 38 per cent in comparison to to manual hoeing, Pre-emergence application of atrazine (2.0 kg/ha) followed by post-emergence spray of 2, 4-D (1.5 kg/h) effectively Controlled the weeds and resulted in 29 per cent increase in sugarcane fields than weedy chech.


Objective To investigate the eitect oi Yiqi Fuzhi Granule in improving learning and memory of rats with mul- ti-infarct dementia (MID). Methods MID rat models were established by embolus injection through the common carotid artery. Effects of Yiqi Fuzhi Granule(24. 84 g/kg, 12.42 g/kg, 6.21 g/kg, ig)on rat learning and memory and cerebral structure were observed. Results Yiqi Fuzhi Granule could obviously increase the scores of maze test and protect cerebral tissue from damage of multi-infarction rats. Conclusion Yiqi Fuzhi Granule has good effect in improving intellect and treating dementia.