The proposed integrated homodyne receiver chip design, intended for use in dual band radio frequency receiver front-end, has been implemented in a standard tsmc 0.18um CMOS technological processing. The RF receiver front-end design consists of low noise amplifier, low power mixer and bandpass Gm-C loop filter. A novel approach with low power mixer instead of an excellence Gm–C bandpass loop filter circuit used in low noise amplifier can promote optimized conversion gain. input P1dB, and noise figure (NF) The proposed dual band antenna applying for dual band applications is presented in this article design. Experimental results of the RF integrated homodyne receiver exhibit enhance performance with dual band antenna.


The dynamic erosion characteristics of pipe bends exposed to gas-solid two-phase flow are investigated by using an erosion-coupled dynamic meshing method to elucidate the erosion failure phenomenon that is common in pipe elbows, transporting coal fly ash and subjected to particle erosion. The static mesh is compared with the erosion-coupled dynamic mesh method by CFD. The dynamic erosion characteristics of bends with different r/D ratios, D and r are investigated before and after surface deformation under gas-solid two-phase flow. The results lead to the following conclusions: Improved performance of the erosion-coupled dynamic mesh by taking full consideration of the coupling between the erosion-induced surface deformation and the particle motion under prolonged erosion. The erosion rate at the elbow changes significantly upon surface deformation, and the sites with a high risk of erosion shift downstream. With increasing of deformation, the larger the r/D ratio, the more obvious the concentration of erosion location evolving downstream. As D decreases, the high-risk erosion areas become more concentrated. In particular, the emergence of the "bending increase" phenomenon leads to a different perception of how r/D ratio and the diameter affect erosion in static-grid simulations: a larger r/D ratio of the elbow makes it more sensitive to surface deformation and increases the erosion rate. This study leads us to consider the coupled deformation of erosion in the context of erosion problems, which has important implications for predicting the service life of overflow components.


If one looks at the development of the engineering sciences in the past decades under the focus of research, one can get the impression that the engineering sciences are developing more and more in the direction of systematic research of existing objects and facts, possible phenomena as well as functional and effect relationships, which often only leads to incremental progress. In other words, in the way that is characteristic for basic research and clearly predominates in the natural sciences. This "scientification" of the engineering sciences seemes to increasingly limit the scope for pursuing disruptive approaches and developing creative solutions in applied and industrial research. In this context, it is precisely the creative genius manifested in its name that distinguishes engineering from the more formal scientific and basic research-oriented natural sciences, especially physics. The aim of this article is therefore to strengthen the creative genius and to show how the optimisation of drivetrains of agricultural machinery can be methodically supported, especially with regard to their increasing electrification and the need to further improve their energy efficiency. In addition, some examples of the successful drivetrain optimisations are given.


A number of existing definitions of the term «experimental production» are analyzed. Based on their analysis, the authors offer a modern definition of this term. Taking into account some peculiarities of experimental production, the authors suggest a new mechanism for managing this process that most adequately expresses the essence of this type of production.


It seems to me that people have ignored deflation, particularly in the case of Japan. They have said, "Well, Japan perhaps is right. How could anyone have raised the interest rate to 8 percent in the 1980s?" I do not think that is the correct question. The question is, are you better off, either yourself or your neighbors, if you devalue or if you deflate? Japan, after all, by choosing a policy of deflation, ran into the problem of some rigidity in wages and prices. And, consequently, it runs into the problem of continued recession in Japan. This also was not to the advantage of its neighbors.


Introduction Parameters allowing regular evaluation of renal function in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are not optimal. The aim of the present study was to analyse the utility of serum cystatin C and beta2-microglobulin (B2M) in detecting decreased glomerular filtration rate in critically ill children. Methods This was a prospective, observational study set in an eight-bed PICU. Twenty-five children were included. The inverses of serum creatinine, cystatin C, and B2M were correlated with creatinine clearance (CrC) using a 24-hour urine sample and CrC estimation by Schwartz formula (Schwartz). The diagnostic value of serum creatinine, cystatin C, and B2M to identify a glomerular filtration rate under 80 ml/minute per 1.73 m2 was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Mean age was 2.9 years (range, 0.1 to 13.9 years). CrC was less than 80 ml/minute per 1.73 m2 in 14 children, and Schwartz was less than 80 ml/minute per 1.73 m2 in 9 children. Correlations between inverse of B2M and CrC (r = 0.477) and between inverse of B2M and Schwartz (r = 0.697) were better than correlations between inverse of cystatin C and CrC (r = 0.390) or Schwartz (r = 0.586) and better than correlations between inverse of creatinine and CrC (r = 0.104) or Schwartz (r = 0.442). The ability of serum cystatin C and B2M to identify a CrC rate and a Schwartz CrC rate under 80 ml/minute per 1.73 m2 was better than that of creatinine (areas under the ROC curve: 0.851 and 0.792 for cystatin C, 0.802 and 0.799 for B2M, and 0.633 and 0.625 for creatinine). Conclusion Serum cystatin C and B2M were confirmed as easy and useful markers, better than serum creatinine, to detect acute kidney injury in critically ill children. Introduction Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is difficult to measure in clinical practice [1-4]. The ideal laboratory marker should be of endogen synthesis, regular production rate, eliminated only by glomerular filtration, and without tubular secretion or reabsorption [4-6]. Creatinine clearance (CrC) using a 24-hour urine sample and serum creatinine (Cr) are the most commonly used parameters to estimate GFR in clinical practice [2,4,5,7,8], although not the most accurate. However, there are limitations to their use. Cr could be affected by factors other than renal function (for example, muscle mass, protein intake, inflammatory illness, or hepatic disease) [2,4,9-12]. Moreover, Cr is partially secreted by renal tubules [2,4,10,13] and frequently overestimates GFR [1,2,4,5,13]. On the other hand, CrC requires urine collection over a 24-hour period with a steady-state situation [1,2,4,11,14]. Mathematical formulas


E-5-(2-chlorovinyl)-2′-deoxycytidine (CVDC) has been prepared for the first time using an improved synthesis of the starting material E-5-(2-chlorovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (CVDU). CVDC and CVDU were only slightly less active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) than the potent anti-herpes compound E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (BVDU). The Z-forms of CVDC and CVDU were markedly less active against HSV-1 and VZV than the E-isomers. None of the compounds showed activity against thymidine kinase (TK)-deficient variants of HSV-1.


Jute known as the golden fiber once dominated the world market as a packing material. However, with the introduction of the more user friendly synthetic fibers, the demand for jute declined significantly. However with its advantageous properties of eco-friendliness, the use of this fibre can be promoted through diversification and development of value added products. Diversified products in the form of table-mats and table-runners have been made from jute decorative fabrics. With an objective to improve consumer acceptability value addition of the developed products has been done through printing and embroidery. A detailed consumer survey has been undertaken through a structured questionnaire and the data has been statistically analyzed using ANOVA test. Statistically significant difference has been found between the respondent's acceptability of different techniques of finishing used for the tablemats. 60% of the respondents rated printing as a better method of surface ornamentation compared to appliqueing. The table-runners made from jute fabrics were preferred by the respondents who found them better than full length table-cloths.


Currently, an interest in the underground waters of the Cenomanian-Albian horizon has increased significantly. And this is mainly due to the fact that numerous centers of discharge of the groundwater are the object of recreation, places of worship and are actively used by the population for drinking purposes. The geological and hydrogeological features of the studied horizon in the area between the rivers of the Pazha and Torgosha has been reviewed, still poorly understood. We have investigated the formation of the groundwater resources of the Cenomanian-Albian horizon and hydraulically related waters of Quaternary deposits that are the between the rivers of the Pazha and Torgosha. For the first time, based on the actual material, a map of hydroisohypses of the groundwater have been made, the parameters of filtration and capacitive properties of the Cenomanian-Albian horizon have been pointed out, an actual data on the quality and salt composition of the groundwater has been presented. The lack of study of this issue, the importance of further research in this direction, the need of monitoring the quality of groundwater and regulating the attendance of sources by tourists and local people to create safe conditions for their use have been notified.


This is an investigation on the secondary vegetation and succession in the mixed forests destroyed by the severe crown fires on April 8, 1982. The results are summarized as follows: The floristic compositions in the investigated area are composed of 63 kinds of kinds of vascular plants. The biological type shows , which is supposed to make a progress to the type. Dominant species are Spodiopogon sibiricus (100.00)-Carex humilis var. nana (70.52)-Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (61, 06)-Lespedeza maximowiczii (57.53). Lespedexa maximowiczii is prevailing as the dominant species in this area. The species diversity(H) and eveness index(e) show 3.00 and 0.74 respectively, so that the species are various and shows uniform distribution comparatively in these communities. Degree of succession(DS) is 479 in the investigated area, the value of which is comparatively higher than that of Chungcheongbuk-do area at the second year afer fires. After the crown and trunk of trees were scorched by the crown fires, the pine tree (Pinus densiflora) died and the other species could be survivd after sometimes. It some that Quercus serrata. Q. dentata, Maackia amurensis, Lespedez cyrtobotrya, Platycarya strobilacea and Lindera glauca are the fire-resistant plants.


In this paper,the effect of the barge heave motion and waves on the motion response of tunnel element in the immersing operation process was studied.The boundary element method was used to calculate the wave force on the tunnel element,and the fourth order Runge-Kutta method was applied to solve the motion equation of the tunnel element.The motion characteristics of the tunnel element under waves and the barge heave motion with different amplitudes and phases were analyzed by the numerical model.


This paper evaluates vaccines designed to prevent pneumonia among children in developing countries. Additionally, the article discusses the measurement of vaccine efficacy, as well as the potential of vaccine trials to provide information on the etiology of pneumonia and the need for an antibiotic treatment for various categories of acute respiratory infections (ARI). The three approaches to pneumococcal vaccine development include: 1) polysaccharide vaccines; 2) protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines; and 3) vaccines based on common protein antigens. The trial design was performed by individual randomization and randomization in clusters. Vaccines were evaluated in terms of the protection they provide against diseases with an unknown pathogen. The clinical and radiologic evaluation of pneumococcal vaccine trials served three related functions: 1) defining the ability of the vaccines to prevent severe pneumonia; 2) measuring the impact of the vaccine on the total burden of pneumonia that is defined by the World Health Organization; and 3) subdividing documented ARI episodes along clinical and radiological lines. Pneumococcal vaccine trials are essential in understanding the nature of pneumococcal disease among children in developing countries, as well as the public health utility of vaccines for its prevention.


In this paper, one newly developed method named the Improved Fourier Series method is applied to the vibration of a beam elastically supported at the both end excited by a moving mass. The flexural displacement of the beam is supposed to be one set of Fourier Series coupled with several appended terms. Based on the energy principle, the mass and stiffness matrix of the beam system are obtained. The mass is added to the model with its gravitation treated as the excitation to the dynamic system. In the end, the effect of the moving mass to the vibration of the beam is analyzed.


In this article, two teacher educators and three preservice teachers reflect on the critical role Moses' FiveStep Approach (Moses & Cobb, 2001) played as a scaffolding pedagogical framework in preservice teacher and faculty learning. Using Moses' approach to frame their presentations, preservice teachers work in their groups to teach abstract Educational Psychology concepts to actively engage classmates from diverse backgrounds. During this process, the presenters co-construct knowledge with their peers and instructor, applying the framework by putting common activities and everyday language first before teaching abstract concepts and academic language. The authors, including a preservice teacher who also teaches a university biology course, explicate the process of their experience, beginning with conceptualizing a theme, generating engaging activities that represent the concepts and tap into multimodalities of learning, and breaking down key vocabulary to connect to students' prior knowledge in a socially constructed environment. The authors reflect on the power of this student-centered framework as well as its challenges. Ultimately, Moses' approach serves as a liberating framework, allowing diverse learners a common entry point to experience and comprehend complex concepts and vocabulary. This pedagogical framework fosters a rich student-centered environment where students become active agents of their own learning.


In this paper, a simulation study to predict the performance of CMOS technology in the deep sub-micron regime (0.20 micrometer down to 0.05 micrometer) is presented. The metric used to evaluate the CMOS transistor performance is a Figure of Merit (FOM). Using tuned process and device simulators, the performance FOM of bulk CMOS technologies were evaluated, with varying (1) gate lengths in the range of 0.05 - 0.20 micrometer, (2) power supply voltages (Vdd) of 1.0 - 1.8 V, (3) gate oxide thicknesses (Tox) of 20 - 40 A, (4) maximum off-state leakage currents of 0.01, 1 and 100 nA/micrometer, (5) different source/drain resistances and (6) different polysilicon doping levels. Vdd and Tox were scaled with gate length such that Vdd/Tox is fixed at about 5 MV/cm. It is found that it is increasingly difficult to keep the proportionality between performance FOM and 1/Lgate as the gate length is scaled to around 0.10 micrometer or below. This deviation is due to the decreasing trend of transistor drive current caused by the low supply voltages to be used and the nonscalability of VT. In order to try and improve the performance of CMOS technology, metal-gated Fully Depleted SOI CMOS transistors were evaluated in this study. It was found that although Fully Depleted Metal-Gate SOI provides an improvement in performance over conventional bulk CMOS technology, the FOM does not linearly scale with the gate length. The improvement in FOM obtained is almost entirely due to the smaller junction capacitance in SOI and not due to significantly increased drive currents in metal-gate FD-SOI when compared to conventional CMOS. Further, FOM performance falls short of the roadmap targets as the gate lengths are scaled below 0.10 micrometer just as in bulk CMOS. The effects of Off Current specifications and supply voltage on FOM were studied. It is shown that the CMOS performance can be improved by: (1) slightly increasing the supply voltage, and (2) using a dual- VT approach in which low-VT transistors are used in the critical path to improve circuit performance. With these approaches it is possible to extend the proportionality between FOM and 1/Lgate down to about 0.08 micrometer gate length.


The Disabled Facilities Grant (DFG) is the main source of financial assistance available for disabled people wishing to adapt their property to meet the needs of their disability. The legislation regarding the grant, and other relevant legislation, would appear to be quite clear on the surface. However, there is widespread dissatisfaction among many disabled people applying for the grant. This article explains the legislative basis of the DFG and the effect that it has in practice.


Abstract. The statistical evidence of the study here shows that countries with a low average COVID-19 fatality rate have high expenditures in health sector and a lower exposure of population to air pollution, regardless a higher percentage of population aged more than 65 years.  This study suggest that the negative impact of future pandemics driven by novel viral agents can be reduced with long-run policies directed to support healthcare sector and sustainable environment. Keywords. COVID-19, Fatality rates, Health policy, Air pollution, Sustainability, Crisis management, Policy responses; Preparedness. JEL. F21, F68, O53, K23 .


The two major issues are being disused in these days globally, CO2 concentration in atmosphere on one hand and energy crisis on other hand. All promising savings of reducing CO2 generation, fossil fuels depletion, control in energy prices increments, achievable by adaptation of eco-friendly energy efficient material based technology. The un-arrested heat discharge from captive power plants, cement production, steel industry, Oil-refineries, like energy intensive industries have tremendous potential for multiple energy generation (heating-power & cooling) for further industrial process with dumped heat recovery. This paper explores eco-friendly material R134a and activated carbon-methanol based organic Rankine model and solar integrated vapor adsorption cooling system for waste heat utilization of condenser unit of steam power plant. The results of proposed model analysis is to explain the environmental parameters of used material, effect of operating parameters and cooling-power output.


Four fields with areas ranging from 80 to 2000 arcmin(2) have been mapped with the photometer on board of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) at 90 and around 180mu m in regions of bright and faint cirrus. We examined the spatial characteristics of the infrared background emission with high spatial resolution and found that the fluctuations in the background emission limit the detection sensitivity of ISOPHOT for most of our observations. At 90mu m the power law relation between the power in the fluctuations and the spatial frequencies established from IRAS data could be extended to twice as high spatial frequencies. At 180mu m the small-scale fluctuations were studied for the first time by a cold space telescope with arcminute-resolution. A similar power law and spectral index down to spatial scales of 3arcmin as for the 90mu m component is found. For cirrus clouds the spatial frequency spectrum in the far-infrared has a similar shape as that derived from 21cm line observations of the interstellar neutral hydrogen. In faint regions the fluctuations are caused presumably by randomly distributed extragalactic sources. Future 3m class space telescopes surveying the sky around 200mu m will not be hampered by cirrus over most of the sphere. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) and with the participation of ISAS and NASA


The management and control of dental spaces are problems frequently found in Preventive Orthodontics. The teeth eruption supervision and orientation is part of the treatment performed during the mixed dentition period, which may influence the eruption pattern and the position of the permanent teeth during their transition. Space maintainers are devices used in cases of premature tooth loss to save space for the successor tooth. The aim of the present study is to report a clinical case of a 6-year-old boy with the first right lower deciduous molar with extensive caries lesions and pulp involvement. In this case, the exodontia and insertion of a Band-Loop space was proposed. After three months of clinical and radiographic evaluation, the results showed the excellent durability and resistance of the space maintainer. Favorable oral health conditions were also observed: absence of biofilm accumulation or gingival bleeding. The conclusion indicates that the space maintainer, when well prescribed, assists the child in both functional and aesthetics aspects, by reducing future expenses in orthodontics. The space maintainers prevent tooth movement and inclination, loss of space for permanent teeth, crowding and impaction. The Band-Loop space is an excellent treatment option for such cases.


ADIPOCYTES insulin action in, 1040-1042 plasma membranes, rat basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport compared in, 373-378 rat hagfish and pig insulin binding affinity and biologic activity in, 301 — 303 insulin action and hexose transport regulation study in, 399-407 isolation of chemical mediator for insulin activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase from, 852-855 lysosomal degradation of receptorbound l-labeled insulin by, 475-485 multiple redox forms of insulin receptor in, 945-947 rat epididymal insulin-like effect of zinc on, 665-667


Summary. Relevance. Negative results of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction occur in 10-20% of cases. The incidence of infectious arthritis can reach up to 1.7% and even up to 7.1%, according to the literature. However, ACL reconstruction can be complicated not only by infectious but also by reactive arthritis. Differential diagnosis between infectious and reactive arthritis is often hard to be done, but it is necessary for effective treatment.
Objective: to determine the possible causes of the development of reactive and infectious arthritis after ACL reconstruction, peculiarities of their diagnostics and differential diagnostics.
Materials and Methods. The literature data regarding the frequency of reactive and infectious arthritis after various methods of surgical treatment of ACL injury and the use of different types of implants, as well as laboratory indicators of the activity of the inflammatory process in the postoperative period and such indicators in reactive and infectious arthritis, were analyzed. We also analyzed literature data on the sensitivity and specificity of various methods of microbiological studies in patients with infectious synovitis or arthritis.
Results. Numerous probable causes of a higher incidence of infectious arthritis in ACL reconstruction are suspected. Synthetic implants may be the cause of the development of reactive arthritis, according to a number of studies. Our experience in using different biodegradable fixators from various manufacturers suggest that the percentage of complications depends not only on the fact of the biodegradability of the implant, but on its composition, and even on the percentage of tricalcium phosphate or the manufacturer. Therefore, it is impossible to unambiguously state that biodegradable fixators are worse or better then metallic or non-biodegradable polymeric ones. However, on average, if we consider all existing fixators from various manufacturers, the number of complications when using biodegradable implants is higher. Diagnosis of reactive arthritis is often based on negative bacteriological findings. Given the not always high sensitivity of bacteriological inoculation of synovial fluid and the duration of the investigation, we cannot rely only on its results.
Conclusions. The most difficult for differential diagnosis between infectious and reactive arthritis (synovitis) is acute synovitis after ACL reconstruction with normal results of bacteriological studies, but high biochemical parameters of inflammation. We suggest to suspect infectious arthritis after ACL reconstruction in the following hemogram values: 1) CRP >40-50 mg/l, 2) ESR >30-50 mm/h, 3) fibrinogen >800 mg/ml, 4) procalcitonin in blood plasma >0.5 ng/ml, 5) leukocytosis and left shift of the leukocyte formula, with the following synovial fluid test parameters: a) CRP >40-50 mg/l, b) leukocytosis with an increase in the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes >75%.


We propose and demonstrate a new method for validating proxies for accounting constructs. Our method consists of first identifying high-value observations, which are those statistically most responsible for generating a coefficient of interest, and second determining whether those observations exhibit accounting attributes consistent with theory. This method allows researchers to validate proxies for key theoretical constructs by testing whether high-value observations contain the accounting attributes implied by the theory and lack attributes that run counter to the theory. The method also allows researchers to identify potentially confounding factors and to address alternative explanations for primary results. We demonstrate the method by assessing the validity of two measures for conditional accounting conservatism. However, the method applies generally to large-sample settings and is flexible in its application to key coefficients. We also demonstrate how researchers can compare alternative measures of the same construct to select the best measure for their research context.


Abstract : A broadly conceived research program has been conducted by ARI to provide the Army with scientific means of identifying officers with certain aptitudes and characteristics necessary for success in different kinds of leadership situations. Previous research dealt with detailed and complex analysis of officer performance across many varied tasks and situations. In this research, officers went through an intensive three-day exercise in a simulated combat situation at the Officer Evaluation Center (OEC) at Fort Benning, Ga., and performed 15 missions composed of five combat, five technical, and five administrative tasks. Two thousand single observations were made and were subsequently reduced to approximately 300 scales. Factor analysis of these scales resulted in 30 orthogonal factors of which 28 were unique to a particular mission. The analysis reported here deals with the original intercorrelations from unweighted raw scores from the 30 scales established on the basis of the 30 factors. An approximation to second-order factoring was performed to investigate whether consistency would be maintained with the original 8 leadership dimensions. The robustness of the original dimensions, as well as their generalizability, is the issue.


Maintenance friendly network is demonstrated for first time with three SONET protection schemes fed into a ULH system. Traffic can be switched between six field fibers without triggering protection on 1+1, UPSR, or BLSR configurations.


ustralia's productivity growth surged in the 1990s. Growth in both labour productivity (output per hour of labour input) and multifactor productivity (output per combined unit of labour and capital) lifted to record highs between 1993-94 and 1998-99 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2004). However, there have been signs that Australia's productivity growth has since slowed. The average rate of productivity growth is down markedly — although it still falls into line with the historical average. With declines in recent quarterly productivity estimates, some commentators have declared that Australia's productivity surge is now confirmed as over. That productivity growth would come off its record highs could well be expected. But does the evidence now available signal that Australia's productivity growth has 'permanently' dropped to unremarkable rates, somewhere around the long-term historical average or even below? The issue matters. A substantial and long-lasting drop in productivity growth would mean less growth in a major foundation for improvement in Australian living standards. From a policy point of view, it is now generally accepted that a series of policy reforms played an important role in driving and enabling the lift in productivity performance in the 1990s. A transitory surge would imply that the productivity payoff from policy reforms — whilst significant — has come as a 'step-up in levels' effect, rather than as a long-term increase in the rate of growth. Such a view has led some commentators to call for further policy reforms in order to reinvigorate productivity growth. This article presents a preliminary and partial examination of the topography of the productivity slowdown and the factors that have contributed to it. The objective is to determine whether or not Australia's experience of generally stronger productivity growth has drawn to a close.


Effects of GA3,NAA,IAA on flower bud growth and flowering stage,flowering quality of Rhododendron pulchrum under supplementary light and temperature conditions were studied.The results were as follows:(a)effects of flower induction of Rh.pulchrum appeared to increase initially and then reached their peaks at 2 000 mg·L-1 and tended to decline later on with GA3 treatments,and it mainly displayed that the flower bud grow rapidly,the time of flowering stage promoted and the flowering quantity improved.But there were no effects on flower induction of Rh.pulchrum treated with 0-3 000 mg·L-1 NAA and 0-3 000 mg·L-1 IAA.(b)flower bud of Rh.pulchrum was significantly positively correlated with the time of flowering stage promoted and flower diamiter,but it was negatively correlated with flower bud stage.And flower bud stage was negatively correlated with the time of flowering stage promoted(P0.01).


We proposed a virtualized heterogeneous network cloud based radio over fiber (V-HCRoFN) architecture with CoMP to optimize resource for heterogeneous network. Simulation results show that the V-HCROFN can enhance the end-to-end quality of service.


The World Tourism organization (WTO) ranks tourism as one of the top 5 export resource for 83% of world countries and is also number one export earner for 38% of countries worldwide. But regrettably, Nigeria's abundant tourism resources and deposits have remained grossly under exploited thereby making the country to lose much of the gains most other notable tourist destinations draw from it. Outside the common economic gains made from tourism, Nigeria is evidently ignorant of so many others. This paper holds that apart from becoming Nigeria's viable alternative to oil, tourism can indeed become the country's global brand which would ultimately alter her current negative global image. As a global brand, tourism could therefore be used to rebrand or reposition Nigeria's corporate image. A tourism development circle model is developed along this line by the paper.


1. Alyssa White, MD*
2. Xibei Liu, MD*
3. Samrat U. Das, MD†

1. *University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV

2. †Department of Pediatrics, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV

A 14-year-old boy presents to the hospital with headache and weakness for the third time in 3 months. One day before hospital admission the patient developed a severe headache that resolved with sumatriptan use. Hours before arriving at the hospital he played basketball for half an hour outside, but on returning home he noticed a worsening throbbing right-sided frontal headache without radiation. Within a few minutes the patient developed progressively increasing weakness in all 4 extremities, which prompted him to lie down. His previous presenting symptoms had included fever, headache, dizziness, blurry vision, stumbling gait, and stiffness, muscle tightness, and a tingling sensation in all 4 extremities. At previous presentations, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and migraines were suspected, and the patient was started on high-dose (1 g per 24 hours for 5 days) intravenous methylprednisolone, with a prednisone taper, to which he responded very well and symptoms (headaches, dizziness, weakness, ataxia) resolved.

The child was in good health until 3 months ago. His medical history is significant for intermittent asthma, triggered by weather changes, which is well controlled …


Background: Driving accidents are global challenges, especially in developing countries, that have been introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the significant reasons for endangering human health. The most important reasons for driving accidents are the behavior and psychological characteristics of the vehicle driver. Aberrant driving behavior is considered as a major cause of driving accidents. The present study aimed the present study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on driving errors. Methods: In the present research, 69 young students aged 20-35 years with a driving license were subjects of the study which had at least one-year driving experience and were assessed with the use of Bar-on emotional intelligence (EQ-i) questionnaire (90 questions) and valid Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (MDBQ). Data analysis was conducted by SPSS version 20, descriptive tables, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Data analysis indicated that the mean score of emotional intelligence of the tested subjects was 329/62, and the maximum rating of individual errors was related to slips with the score of 21/04. Also, the mean score of their driving behavior was 50/97. There was a significant inverse relation between sub-components problem solving, independence and self-actualization, and driving errors. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results of this study, it can be concluded that emotional intelligence and its components affected driving errors. This meant that persons with lower levels of emotional intelligence would be more involved in driving errors.


Hed sa med (Boletus griseipurpureus) is a popular edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom associated with stands of Melaleuca leucadendron and Acacia mangium in Thailand. Genetic variation of B. griseipurpureus basidiomes, obtained from the wild, was determined by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. Sequences of B. griseipurpureus collections showed high similarity and constituted a monophyletic clade. The basidiomes were rich in protein and very low in fat confirming their value for human consumption.


The invention relates to the field of constructional engineering, in particular to a method for reinforcing a severely vibrated and damaged reinforced concrete frame structure by coating a steel jacket outside. The technical scheme is that for the severely vibrated and damaged reinforced concrete frame structure, a frame column is reinforced by angle iron around and steel batten plates are arranged in the height direction at intervals. The bottom of the frame column is reinforced by angle iron and a beam top is reinforced by steel flat. Through reinforcing steel bars are arranged at the beam column nodes and welded with angle iron and steel flat at the bottom and the top of the beam respectively. Meanwhile, reinforcing angle iron is arranged at the bottom of the column and a stub is poured. The method can well recover the bearing capacity and anti-vibrating performance of the severely vibrated and damaged reinforced concrete frame structure. Test results show that the ductility of the vibrated and damaged reinforced concrete frame structure reinforced by the method is equivalent to that of the undamaged comparative structure, and the horizontal limited bearing capacity is improved by more than 70% compared with that of the undamaged comparative structure.


Abstract FURTHER processing holds a great potential for increasing turkey consumption providing fabrication costs can be held to a competitive level. Currently, initial processing and further processing of turkeys are usually performed in two separate plants (Benjamin et al., 1960; Kilpatrick and Pond, 1960; and Swanson, 1965). The further processing plant begins by procuring frozen whole turkeys, transporting them to the plant, and storing them until they are used, all of which adds to the cost of the turkey before actual further processing operations begin (Farms, 1963; and Mitchell, 1964). Much of the boning done today is performed by machines after the carcass is cooked which produces a meat slurry and limits the use of the meat (Marshall, 1964; Stadelman, 1965; Jack et al., 1965). Thus, hand boning although expensive is still superior to machine boning for many further processed turkey items (Mountney, 1966). The actual onset rate of rigor mortis . . .


We show that in order to obtain a successful description of the transverse momenta distribution for charged particles in ion-ion collisions, one must include a thermal emission term. The temperature of this emission $T_{\rm th}$ turns out to be proportional to the saturation scale, $T_{\rm th} = 1.8/2\pi \,Q_s$. The formalism for the calculation of the transverse momenta spectra in CGC/saturation approach is developed, in which two stages of the process are seen: creation of the colour glass condensate, and hadronization of the gluon jets. Our calculations are based on the observation that even for small values of $p_T$, the main contribution in the integration over the dipole sizes stems from the kinematic region in vicinity of the saturation momentum, where theoretically, we know the scattering amplitude. Non-perturbativ corrections need to be included in the model of hadronization. This model incorporates the decay of a gluon jet with effective mass $m^2_{\rm eff} = 2 Q_s \mu_{\rm soft}$ where $\mu_{\rm soft}$ denotes the soft scale, with the fragmentation functions at all values of the transverse momenta. We use the KLN model which, provides a simple way to estimate the cross sections for the different centrality classes. Comparing the results of this paper with the transverse distribution in the proton-proton scattering, we see two major differences. First, a larger contribution of the thermal radiation term is needed, in accord with higher parton densities of the produced colour glass condensate. Second, even changing the model for the hadronization, without a thermal radiation term, we fail to describe the $p_T$ spectrum. Consequently, we conjecture that theexistence of the thermal radiation term is independent of the model of confinement.


A 3300 ft seismic refraction profile was shot per pendicular to a fault scarp west of the Santa Rita Mountains south of Tucson, Arizona. Previous geomorphic work along the Santa Rita Mountains indicated two fault-displacement events during the past 200,000 years. The present seismic study was undertaken to infer faulting history by delineating subsurface structure. A suballuvial bedrock pediment surface and a shallower alluvial horizon were mapped in profile using the generalized reciprocal method of refraction interpretation (Palmer, 1980). The bedrock shows a minimum normal offset of 50 ft at an approximate depth of 500 ft. The alluvial horizon shows 10 ft of normal offset ait an approximate depth of 70 ft. These offsets indicate 40 to 65 ft of fault displacement occurred between burial of the bedrock pediment surface and deposition of the shallow alluvial horizon.


In this paper, we present the theory behind the Wavelet Transformation (WT) and its applications in the field of Electromagnetic Compatibility. This transformation will allow the exploration of both frequency and time characteristics of a given signal at the same time, overcoming the limitations of the Fourier Transform. We examine the application of wavelets in the treatment of perturbations affecting the quality of the power signal of the electric distribution systems (voltage dips, high voltage, harmonic dispersion..). The method was developed by using the MATLAB toolbox for discrete wavelet transform (DWT) analysis. The examples will be treated by both the STFT and the DWT. A comparison of the results will be presented. Finally, an application example of the DWT will be presented in order to characterize an internal fault in the transmission lines.


Background: Iron plays an essential role in various tissue functions, and hence the reliable assessment of iron nutrition status of preterm infants appears to be mandatory. Objectives: To summarize available data on cord blood concentrations of iron status parameters as surrogate reference ranges for preterm infants until term-equivalent age. Methods: Review of the literature searching PubMed for cord blood values of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin index, transferrin saturation, reticulocyte hemoglobin content, zinc protoporphyrin/heme ratio, and hepcidin and comparison with reference ranges established for adults. Results: Gestational age-specific cord blood concentration ranges at term were computed as weighted mean for hemoglobin [15.9 g/dl (13.3-18.4)], mean corpuscular volume [108.1 fl (97.8-118.5)] and transferrin saturation [61.2% (31.5-90.9)] and listed for ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin index, zinc protoporphyrin/heme ratio, reticulocyte hemoglobin content and hepcidin. These surrogate reference ranges were markedly different from adult values. Conclusion: Reference ranges of iron status parameters established for adults are probably not suitable to define iron status in preterm infants. If iron supplementation in preterm infants should be individually adjusted based on iron status parameters, it may be necessary to aim for cord blood concentration ranges to enable optimal growth and development.


-In WBANs, longer packets may experience higher adversity rates in light of unforgiving channel conditions. On the other hand, shorter packets may encounter the evil impacts of progressively unmistakable overhead. In this manner, the perfect packet size must be chosen to various execution estimations of WBANs. As per the most recent research, various philosophies have been recommended to choose perfect packet size in WBANs. Writing talked about in this paper principally centers around packet size advancement in a specific application or sending condition. This paper talks about the ebb and flow patterns and practices on packet size enhancement for wireless body region networks to empower the scientists for more examination in that specific territory. The goal of this paper is to give a prevalent perception of packet size streamlining techniques and applications used in WBAN, it will in like manner present some examination gives that are as yet open for analysts and entanglements identified with those issues. As of late, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has attracted huge enthusiasm to numerous analysts because of its potential in medicinal services and therapeutic fields. In this paper, we propose the vitality productivity model of Time Diversity correspondence in Rician and Rayleigh blurring channels stressing the ideal packet size. The ideal packet size to amplify vitality effectiveness is explored for on-body and in-body channels. Four regulation systems are considered including the as of late proposed 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Position Modulation (QAPM). What's more, the shut structure articulation of the vitality effectiveness model in multipath blurring is inferred. Here, three assessment measurements including the vitality productivity, the standardized throughput and the normal start to finish delay are embraced and contrasted with the current 1-bounce and Cooperative correspondences just as our recently proposed 2-jump correspondence. The outcomes show that our proposed Time Diversity correspondence plot outflanks the current ones in profound blurring channel aside from the normal start to finish delay


This study concerns the development, modelling and control of a bipedal humanoid robot and algorithm to generate dynamic walking pattern using sensory feedback. The implementation of only servo control for robots with walking systems is not sufficient. Even having stable motion pattern and well tuned joint control, a humanoid robot can fall down while walking. Therefore, an adaptively generating gait pattern method is needed, which allows the robot to walk stably in various environments, such as on rough terrain, up and down slopes. To achieve this, the robot has to adapt to the ground conditions with the foot motion and maintain its stability with a torso motion. The gait synthesis is based on the analysis of human's gait pattern. The proposed algorithm is applied to generate the natural and stable gait pattern of the biped robot. A small-scale humanoid robot prototype was constructed and used as a test platform for implementing the concepts described; the humanoid robot has totally 18 DoF (Degree of Freedom). Each arm has 3 DoF, each leg has 6 DoF with 2 DoF in ankle allows to control step size and frequency. The main controller communicates with sensor unit and servo motors in real time. The gait trajectory algorithm is composed of two kinds of trajectory. The first one is Inverse Kinematics (IK). The second one is feedback to the controller from Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and the servo motors in the robot, which senses the robot's velocity, Centre of Gravity (CoG) and posture and it allows to generate and modify motion commands in real time.The motion commands generated comprises of 4 walk states like left leg rise, left leg down, right leg rise and right leg down each with 7 sequences for all the 18 servo actuators to obtain 1 walk cycle with 2 steps, the number of the walk cycles can be specified by the user. The robot was able to walk with a dynamically-stable gait either passively down a ramp, or actively on a flat or slightly uphill surface. From this study we observed that the robot has successfully functioned as driven by the MATLAB code.


Abstract Background Violence has been with us since time immemorial. In South Africa, violence plays a detrimental role in our daily lives, affecting almost everybody, directly or indirectly. The country experiences high levels of violence, with incidents of violence being reported in the newspapers and on radio and television on a daily basis. In the author's personal experience as a casualty officer at Witbank General Hospital, a considerable number of patients with assault-related injuries were seen every day. The objectives of this study were to assess the demographic and social factors associated with assault incidents, as well as to establish the type of injuries suffered by the victims of assault. Methods The method used was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey, undertaken at the casualty department of the Witbank General Hospital in Mpumalanga Province from 29 October 1999 to 1 May 2000. All patients who attended for injuries due to alleged assault (interpersonal violence) and met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. A total of 547 patients were selected as subjects of the study. Results The majority of the victims were male (71.8%; N = 389), 69% (N = 377) were single and 91% (N = 498) were of African descent. The age group of the majority (86.9%; N = 475) ranged between 17 and 45 years. All the respondents had injuries to more than one part of the body. Among the assaulted patients, 86.6% (N = 474) had more than one type of injury. The majority of the victims of assault (81.4%; N = 445) were not admitted for in-hospital treatment. Conclusions The study revealed that a typical victim of assault treated at Witbank Hospital was an African male between the ages of 17 and 45 years. He had been attacked during the night or over the weekend. He had also probably been drinking. He would have suffered minor injuries, mainly to the head and neck.


Adult congenital heart disease refers to a group of congenital malformations in children caused by the actual or potential of the cardiovascular abnormalities during the fetal period. Adult congenital heart disease was less in the past years. In the recent 20 years, the category of the disease gradually has increased, and especially the complex deformities demanding for surgical treatment increases every year, including complex great arteries translocation, single ventricle and so on. Currently, Color Doppler echocardiography can be used as the primary method for screening and diagnosis of congenital heart disease. In the recent years, the interventional therapy was preferred in the treatment of congenital heart disease, but surgical treatment, including one stage operation and staging operation was still preferred in the treatment of adult congenital heart disease for abnormal changes of structure, function and physical condition.Because the disease is congenital, the time of incidence is long, and clinical symptoms appear in late adulthood, lacking early-specificity, but with potentially fatality, it is prone to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in clinical work.Now, researches related to surgical treatment of adult congenital heart disease was reviewed.


The author addresses motion planning problems for a mobile robot with an incomplete map. For the given start and goal positions, the robot preplans a collision-free path based on the given map, known as the find-path problem. He presents a solution of the find-path problem for the randomly shaped obstacles using an improvement of the retraction method, namely, retraction with local replacement by visibility graph. While the robot is traveling along the preplanned path, unexpected obstacles can appear anywhere and block the passages. On detecting the unexpected obstacles, the robot needs to replan a safe path to maneuver around these obstacles. The author presents three different versions of a motion-replanning algorithm that patch the world model and regenerate a path from the current location to the goal location. In this scheme, he avoids the computation of a completely updated world model by patching the locally updated environment.<<ETX>>


Strian measurement is an important issue in the mechanics of materials. In order to develop high-precision measurement system of video extensometer, a measuring model of single-camera measuring object on a fixed plane is established. Based on this model, lens distortion can be corrected by camera calibration and the transformation relationship from the spatial location of object to pixel coordinates in the image can be obtained. Then with the help of image processing technologies, the measurement function of the system is realized. In addition, theoretical analysis and simulation experiments demonstrate the feasibility of single-camera measuring fixed plane as well as the measurement accuracy.


The author considers the problems of banking regulation in the context of globalization. An analysis of relevant issues indicates the need to improve financial technologies for banking regulation. Basel innovations, designed to ensure the stability and uninterrupted operation of the global banking system, have led to the creation of counter-innovations by the banking sector. Basel Accords led to the development of the so-called "regulatory rally", when increasingly sophisticated methods of regulation gave rise to increasingly inventive ways to protect the gains of the banking business. These ways sometimes became an indirect source of rising risks, and were initially taken as effective protection against these risks. The author analyzes the main advantages and disadvantages of the latest Basel Accords on Banking Supervision (Basel III) and identifies specific directions for its improvement, taking into account current practices of national and international approaches to regulating the activities of credit organizations 10 years after the global financial and banking crisis. The importance of the study is determined by the need to develop financial technologies for international banking regulations, as well as theoretical and methodological approaches that determine the interconnectedness and interdependence of financial markets. It is also important to evaluate the effectiveness of measures to regulate the activities of financial and credit institutions at the national and international levels to develop strategies and tactics for the optimal progressive development of financial markets. The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the impact of international standards on activities of Russian credit organizations.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A SECTION PIECE ISSUING AGENT FOR PACKAGING IN A DRY AUTOMATIC MACHINE OR SIMILAR UNIT FACILITY LAUNDRY. ARTICLE 2 INCLUDES BASE SHEET 4 POLYMER ELASTOMER MAGNETISED AND LAYER EXTERNAL UPPER 8 ABSORBENT WHOSE PORE 9 ARE TYPE OPEN OR CLOSED; LAYER 8 IS SUCH FOAM POLYURETHANE. LAYERS 4 AND 8 ARE CONNECTED, IN PARTICULAR ADHESIVENESS, FOLLOWING THEIR PORTIONS PERIPHERAL 10 AND 10A, SO AS TO DEFINE A TANK 12 FOR CONDITIONER 14, ESPECIALLY A SOFTENER OR ANTISTATIC AGENT. THIS ITEM IS INTENDED TO BE PLACED AGAINST METAL SURFACE INSIDE THE DRUM FOR DRYING AUTOMATIC MACHINE DRUM ROTARY, FOR DRYING MACHINE, IT IS KEPT PRESSED MAGNETICALLY.


The validity of the "segment-zone" anthropometric method for calculating segmental volume was studied for the limbs, and head and neck in 23 female (mean age, 21 yr; mean weight, 54 kg) and 24 male (mean age, 21 yr; mean weight, 76 kg) subjects. The arms and forearms were viewed as a series of 3 truncated cones, thighs and legs a series of 4 truncated cones, hands and feet as wedges, head as a sphere, and neck as 1 truncated cone. The necessary girths and zone heights were obtained for each zone for use in calculating the respective zone volumes using appropriate geometric formulae. The validity of this technique was computed as the correlations between the calculated segmental volume versus the segment volume obtained by water displacement (criterion volume). All the validity coefficients were significant at the .01 level, except for the head and neck for males and females and right and left foot for females. In addition, the only significant difference found between the mean calculated and the mean criterion segment volumes were for the hands and feet and head and neck for both males and females. Multiple linear regression equations were computed using the anthropometric data to predict the criterion segmental volumes. The validity of these equations was reported for a separate sample of subjects. In two previous papers (Jones and Pearson 1969, Katch et al. 1973) the segment-zone anthropometric approach was shown to be a valid method for estimating segmental lower limb volume in college-age males and females. In these studies the thigh and leg was divided into six truncated cones and the foot was viewed as a wedge. The necessary circumferences and zone heights were recorded for use in calculating the respective zone volumes via geometric formulae. The basic theory underlying this procedure is that the whole segment volume will equal the sum of its part volumes. 1 Physical Performance Research Laboratory, Physical Education Department, The University of Michigan, 1100 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104. Human Biology , May 1975, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 203-218. ©Wayne State University Press, 1975 This content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Sat, 22 Oct 2016 06:21:43 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 204 Victor Katch and Arthur Welt man In both of the above experiments the criterion measure of lower limb volume was obtained by the water displacement technique (Dempster 1955). The reported validity coefficients were r .99 and r = .95 between total criterion lower limb volume versus total calculated limb volume (summation of the six truncated cones plus foot volume ) . The standard errors of prediction were approximately 500 ml in each case. In addition, Katch et al. (1973) demonstrated that it was possible to predict, via a multiple linear regression model, total lower limb volume using only body weight and maximum calf circumference as the independent variables, ( r = .93 with a standard error of estimate of 572 ml). Validity of this regression equation was not reported. If other body segment volumes can be accurately predicted via circumferences and body weight, then it follows that total body volume (TBV) should be predictable using a combination of the circumferences of the different segments and body weight. Indirect support for this hypothesis can be found in several studies (Behnke 1961, Wilmore and Behnke 1968, and Katch and McArdle 1973) which report strong correlations between specific circumference measurements and several aspects of body dimensions. In the present study direct experimental data will be presented which demonstrates that it is possible to calculate segmental volume of the arms and forearms, hands, thighs and legs, feet, and head and neck using the segment-zone approach. Regression equations will be presented using only girths, segment lengths, and body weight which accurately predict each segment's volume. Methods and Procedures In the present study reference to the upper limb refers to the upper arm plus forearm plus hand, and lower limb refers to the thigh plus lower leg plus foot, unless where referred to separately. Each of the body segments under consideration was divided into several zones or shapes (see Fig. 1), as follows: Arms and forearmsseries of three truncated cones; thighs and legsseries of four truncated cones; Hands and Feetregular wedges; Headsphere; Neckone truncated cone. It should be noted that division of the segments into their respective zones while appearing arbitrary is based on previous research (Barter 1957, Dempster 1955b, Zook 1932), and theoretical considerThis content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Sat, 22 Oct 2016 06:21:43 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Body Segment Volumes 205 Fig. 1. Location of segmental volumes. ations. The major generalized segments were determined using the link concept advanced by Dempster (1955b, 1961) and Dempster, Sherr, and Priest (1964). Each link is taken to be the structural unit This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Sat, 22 Oct 2016 06:21:43 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 206 Victor Katch and Arthur Weltman or functional length necessary for valid consideration of body movement.


A mental pandemy of psychosomatoses is consistently developing in singular and stress-producing reality. There has been proposed a synergetic biopsychosociospiritual conception of epidemic psychosomatic disorders, including three prenosological fractals of development: predisposition - a psychosomatogenic family, latent - psychovegetative diathesis, initial - a functional disorder, and three nosological fractals: a full-scale clinical picture - a mental epidemic, chronization - a destructive mental epidemic, an outcome - a pandemy. There has been grounded a block-modular approach to development of multidisciplinary programs and patient-specific medical-preventive routes of mental medicine. Its mission consists in adaptive engineering and management of consciousness and health. Its enables to plan and reconstruct mental immunity as the matrix of identity and security base.


Abstract : The paper develops a method to allocate reliability to system elements where a system reliability requirement must be met or a total cost constraint is imposed. Parallel and serially arranged elements are considered with each element's probability density function of time to failure being approximated by the two parameter Weibull distribution. The problem is approached as a minimization of total system cost or system unreliability and Lagrange multipliers prove to be useful as a solution technique. A cost function is developed to relate the cost of and element to the reliability level achieved in that element. Both the element's cost function and reliability expression must be continuous variables. Numerical examples are shown for each allocation model.


Abstract:This article challenges the increasingly popular view that Pausanias's description of Athens in the 2nd century a.d. contains a reference to the Agora of the city in the Archaic period. Consideration of Pausanias's methods and his attitude toward the agoras of other Greek cities described in his work suggests that the "agora" mentioned in his description of Athens is most likely the so-called Roman Agora, paid for by Julius Caesar and Augustus. The discussion also casts light on the function and meaning of the agora in Greek cities of the Roman period, and on the ways in which Pausanias should be used as a historical source.


Based on outlier detection algorithms, a feasible quantification method for supraharmonic emission signals is presented. It is designed to tackle the requirements of high-resolution and low data volume simultaneously in the frequency domain. The proposed method was developed from the skewed distribution data model and the self-tuning parameters of density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. Specifically, the data distribution of the supraharmonic band was analyzed first by the Jarque–Bera test. The threshold was determined based on the distribution model to filter out noise. Subsequently, the DBSCAN clustering algorithm parameters were adjusted automatically, according to the k-dist curve slope variation and the dichotomy parameter seeking algorithm, followed by the clustering. The supraharmonic emission points were analyzed as outliers. Finally, simulated and experimental data were applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. On the basis of the detection results, a spectrum with the same resolution as the original spectrum was obtained. The amount of data declined by more than three orders of magnitude compared to the original spectrum. The presented method will benefit the analysis of quantification for the amplitude and frequency of supraharmonic emissions.


This paper presents the design of a mixed-majors undergraduate course for introducing students to computational thinking through making mobile apps. Faculty in computer science and art created the course to include instruction in computer science, graphic design, and the design process. Student enrollment included a cohort advanced in computer science, and one advanced in graphic design, as well as other students. The course was designed to create opportunities for CS majors and graphic design majors to learn from each others' expertises. MIT App Inventor was chosen as the programming platform because of its accessibility to novices, and practical power in being used to make real software products. The paper identifies and presents challenges and opportunities arising from cultural differences between the two disciplines.


Significance No neural region has been associated with more conflicting accounts of its function than the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), with claims that it contributes to executive processing, conflict monitoring, pain, and salience. However, these claims are based on forward inference analysis, which is the wrong tool for making such claims. Using Neurosynth, an automated brainmapping database, we performed reverse inference analyses to explore the best psychological account of dACC function. Although forward inference analyses reproduced the findings that many processes activate the dACC, reverse inference analyses demonstrated that the dACC is selective for pain and that pain-related terms were the single best reverse inference for this region. This finding has implications for our understanding of pain and distress-related psychological disorders. Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activation is commonly observed in studies of pain, executive control, conflict monitoring, and salience processing, making it difficult to interpret the dACC's specific psychological function. Using Neurosynth, an automated brainmapping database [of over 10,000 functional MRI (fMRI) studies], we performed quantitative reverse inference analyses to explore the best general psychological account of the dACC function P(Ψ process|dACC activity). Results clearly indicated that the best psychological description of dACC function was related to pain processing—not executive, conflict, or salience processing. We conclude by considering that physical pain may be an instance of a broader class of survival-relevant goals monitored by the dACC, in contrast to more arbitrary temporary goals, which may be monitored by the supplementary motor area.


Reusable suborbital launch vehicles provide cheap access to high altitude experimentation and science opportunities. Currently these vehicles present significant design hurdles and monetary investment for academic institutions to consider developing as student education opportunities. The Space Hardware Club at the University of Alabama in Huntsville are designing a system that will merge two common student engineering arenas, ballooning and rocketry, to develop a suborbital vehicle concept using commercially available hardware and propellant. The vehicle concept will use a balloon platform to hoist a rocket to a high altitude bypassing significant atmospheric density. At balloon apogee, the solidfuel rocket is ignited to boost the payload on a suborbital flight. A high altitude launch minimizes many factors to expand the range of common rocketry systems, allowing for reduced airframe mass, increased lifting efficiency, and lower thrust requirements. In addition, the platform being designed around commercial systems allows increased access for student/academic development. We will present an overview of the capabilities of the launch vehicle as an atmospheric sounding rocket; covering the systems design points, key efficiencies, technologies, and solutions to the platform specific challenges.


Describes an experimental brain-computer interface (BCI) which allows severely disabled persons to move the cursor on the screen. The system is based on the detecting of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). Four rectangular blocks around the cursor indicate four directions and flash at different frequencies on the screen. Once the subject fixates on one of the blocks, the specific SSVEP is obtained SSVEP signal is processed online to determine which block the eyes are focusing. As a feedback, the cursor can be moved in corresponding directions. Preliminary results are presented and evaluated.


the article describes the importance of research activities of students as a factor of their professional development. The state of the organization of scientific research work of students at the Department of Biochemistry of Karaganda State Medical University is analyzed. Trends, forms and methods of development of research activity of medical students are revealed in modern conditions. It is described that active participation in the research circle gives students the opportunity to realize their creative potential, contributes to the development of clinical thinking, and broadens their horizons. Scientific activities help the student become a more competitive specialist and contribute to their successful employment.


To the Editor.—
 I was delighted to see Donn's letter about the cost effectiveness of home management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.1 Such contributions are vital in helping to curb the rapidly rising costs of neonatal intensive care. However, his economic analysis is flawed. By tacit assumption, he omits any consideration of the opportunity costs to the parents. To omit this presumes that the parents' time is worth little or nothing, as we often seem to indicate by the long patient waiting times in our offices.


A cow's test-day milk yield is influenced by several systematic environmental effects, which have to be removed when estimating the genetic potential of an animal. The present study quantified the variation due to test date and month of test in test-day lactation yield records using full and reduced models. The data consisted of 54 237 edited daily teat-day milk records from 372 Holstein cows from Glenara Estates in Zimbabwe that were milked between 1 May and 31 December, 1996. Three models were used for analysis. The reduced model contained the fixed effects of parity, days in milk, the month and year of calving and random cow effects. The full models included either test-date or month of test in addition to the afore- mentioned variables. Analysis was done using the Henderson's method III in SAS (1994). Parity, days in milk, month and year of calving, test date and month of test all had significant effects on test-day milk yield (p
Transactions of the Zimbabwe Scientific Association Vol. 74 2000: 22-24


Books in libraries can be highly refined information. Google invests digitization of books in libraries. But the digitization of books that has a variety of interests, coupled with several problems, including class action, in addition the many critical discussions are underway. Korea pushed the national digitization projects, what are libraries` digitizing their collection of many books. Of course, in publishing and digitization of the target is limited to books published ahead of Google. However, the Library Act was amended for the reposition of online materials, but only in the ways that Google`s case is different. Library Act permits collection of online resources through the library to allow, the legislation can be considered as leading act. However, online data is publicly not available through the Internet, so this service hae limited means and range unlike Google. This paper, the digitization of books in the library due to copyright, examines the legal issues looking for the desirable solution. Physical library`s main role had been kept the book, but we use the book in terms of policies needed to consider. To overcome these limitations of Copyright Act, this paper researches the relation of Google Book Search in our Copyright Act, and considers introduction as the fair use doctrine and the digital repository system.


The synthesis and characterization of novel merat(l l) 4.4'A".4'''-tctra-methoxyphenylimino substituted phthalocyanines (Ml mf'c) or copperrl l), cobaht l l). nickel(II) and zinct ll) by condensing the 4.4',4".4·"-tctra amino phthalocyunines with anisaldehyde are described.
The dark bluish green colored tetraimino substituted phrhalocyaninc dcrivuuvcs are characterized by various physico-chemical techniques. elemental analysis, magnetic
susceptibility. electronic. and IR spectra. powder X-ray diffraction and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) to check the structural Integrity and purity. The variuuons or magnetic moment as a function or lield strength indicated the presence or intermolecular co-operative interactions. The complexes are also evaluated for their antifungal and
antibacterial activities.


Lack of access to science-based natural hazards information impedes the effectiveness of school-based disaster risk reduction education. To address this challenge, we have created 10 geosciences video lessons (https://www.youtube.com/user/EuroGeosciencesUnion) that follow an innovative pedagogy known as paired teaching. This approach is used to supplement the standard school curriculum with video lessons instructed by geoscientists from around the world and activities carried out by local classroom teachers.

To evaluate the effectiveness of these virtual lessons, we tested selected videos with 38 sixth grade students (12 years of age) and 39 nine grade students (12-13 years of age) from two school classes in Dushanbe (Tajikistan) and London (United Kingdom), respectively. By examining the same videos with two different groups of student populations, we aimed to identify potential factors (e.g., geographic location, culture, level of hazard experience) influencing students’ learning and/or teachers’ teaching of natural hazard information. We asked students from both groups to complete questionnaires before and after video implementations. Questionnaires probed students on topics covered by each video including the Earth’s interior, tectonic plate boundaries, and nonstructural hazards.

Prior to video implementation, a significant percentage of students from Dushanbe (71%) and from London (51%) demonstrated no conceptual framework about the Earth’s interior. However, when asked about the causes of earthquakes, 90% of London students mentioned plate tectonics in their responses while 51% of Dushanbe students only made references to mountains and volcanoes. Both groups responded similarly to questions concerning earthquake forecasting where most students said it is possible to know the location of future earthquakes, but not their exact time of occurrence. Similarly, both groups demonstrated some knowledge of nonstructural hazards found in typical school classrooms prior to video testing. Following video implementation, a notable portion of Tajik students (71%) showed an increased level of understanding of the Earth’s interior. This is 40% higher than the level of improvement observed in the responses of the UK students. Tajik students showed little improvement (23%) in their understanding of the causes of earthquakes, and continued to list mountains and volcanoes as the primary reasons for earthquake occurrence. For nonstructural hazards identification, both groups showed significant improvement in classroom hazard identification (60% and 80% for Dushanbe and London groups, respectively).

Our video testing and result comparison between two groups reveal a number of factors affecting curriculum testing (e.g., level of teachers’ participation and suitable classroom culture) and students’ learning of content (e.g., past hazard experience). In this presentation, we discuss these factors and how to maximize the impact of school-based risk reduction education.


OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC procedure to determine diclofenac sodium in human plasma.METHODS:The plasma sample was deproteinized by adding acetonitrile,A Hypersil-BDS(250×4.6mm,5μm)column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water-10%phosphate acid(60∶40∶1)was used,the detecting wavelength was276nm,column temˉperature was35℃.RESULTS:The linear range was20.50~2050.0ng/ml(r=0.9998,n=5),the detective limit was10ng/ml.The recovery was99.47%~105.4%with the within-day RSD from3.77%to5.81%(n=5),and the between-day RSD from4.93to8.96%(n=5)at three different concentrations.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid and suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of diclofenac sodium.


1. Maximal subgroups. I will assume in this section that the finite simple groups can be classified and even that their irreducible representations in characteristicp can someday be determined. What I wish to demonstrate is that this will carry us a long way toward the determination of their maximal subgroups. It should not come as a total surprise that such a problem is tractible, since the corresponding question for complex Lie algebras and connected Lie groups was solved some time ago by E. B. Dynkin [8]. Let us review Dynkin's solution. First of all, Dynkin treated the exceptional types separately, and I surely expect that the same will be necessary in the finite group case, requiring internal classification theory type arguments rather than representation theory. This reduced Dynkin essentially to studying the maximal subgroups of SL(,, C), O(n, C), and Sp(n, C). Next, he reduced to the case of an irreducible subgroup by simply noting that any irreducible subspace has an obvious stabilizer (when there is a form around, the irreducibility forces the subspace to be either nonsingular or totally isotropic). This had the pleasant by-product for Dynkin of also reducing to the case of a semisimple subgroup, since any connected abelian normal subgroup would have to act by scalar multiplications; in the finite groups case the maximal local subgroups associated with primes distinct from the characteristic would still have to be determined. Next Dynkin reduced the problem from the semisimple to the simple' case (i.e., the problem of finding all maximal connected subgroups which were irreducible and simple) by using the tensor product decomposition for irreducible representations of a direct product. Any product of two or more terms would


Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was tested on monthly and seasonal basis and used for developing management scenarios for the critical sub-watersheds of a small agricultural watershed of Chhattisgarh. The watershed and sub-watershed boundaries, drainage networks, slope and soil texture maps were generated using Geographic Information System. Supervised classification method was adopted for land use/cover classification from satellite imagery. Manning's 'n' for overland and channel flow and Fraction of Field Capacity (FFC) were calibrated for monsoon season of the years 2002 to 2003. The model was validated for the years 2004 to 2005. Results revealed that the model was predicting the monthly and seasonal surface runoff and sediment yield satisfactorily. Simulation results of nutrients including organic N and P in sediment and NO3-N and soluble P in runoff were also compared with observed data for several events and found satisfactory. The critical sub-watersheds were identified on the basis of average annual sediment yield and nutrient losses. Out of ten subwatersheds, SWS-5 and SWS-7 were found to be critical. Several combinations of treatment options were considered which included four crops, five tillage and three levels of fertilizer. The existing management practices were considered as the base for evaluating other management practices for rice. The results showed other crops couldn't replace rice since these crops resulted in higher sediment yield as compared to rice. Considering both sediment and nutrient losses together the zero tillage, conservation tillage and field cultivator with half dose of fertilizer (40:30 of N:P kg/ha) were found to be better than the other treatments considered for evaluating their impact on sediment yield and nutrient losses for sub-watershed (SWS-5).


Objective To study the relationship between postprandial triglyceride and prevalences of macrovascular complications in elderly type 2 diabetic patients.Methods A total of 40 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into three groups according to the lever of fasting and fourth hour postprandial TG:group A:with fasting normotriglyceridemetic whose TG4h≤1.8mmol/L(n=11),group B:with the same whose TG4h≥1.8mmol/L(n=15) and group C:with fasting hypetriglyceridemetic(n=14).Results The prevalences of macrovascular complications were 27.27%,73.33% and 78.57%,respectively in the three group with significant difference between group A and group B(P0.05),but there was no significant difference between group B and group C(P0.05) in the prevalences of macrovascular complications.Conclusion There was significant difference in the prevalences of diabetic macrovascular complications between group of fasting normotriglyceridemetic but postprandial hypetriglyceridemetic and group of postprandial normotriglyceridemetic in type 2 DM patients.


Introduction Despite consequent advancement in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) up to 20% of patients are not satisfied after having been operated. Beside correct implantation, the design of the TKA-system is supposed to be a key factor of a successful TKA. Consequently it has been tried to restore natural kinematics by the design of the prosthesis. A medially stabilized design therefore is supposed to allow a lateral translation with a medial pivot. Objectives Our study compared posterior stabilized (PS) with medially stabilized (MS) TKA-design in terms of kinematics, femorotibial and patellofemoral contact patterns in vitro. Methods Twelve fresh frozen human knee specimen (8 male, 4 female, O 63.9 y) were tested in a knee rig under natural condition and after TKA with the two different types of TKA systems (GMK PS; GMK MS Sphere; Medacta International, Switzerland). The knee rig simulated a loaded squat from approximately 20°−120° of flexion with a ground reaction force of 50 N. An ultrasound 3D-motion analysis system (Zebris, CMS 10, Germany) measured complete knee kinematics and pressure sensitive foils (Tekscan Inc. US) analysed the femorotibial and patellofemoral contact patterns. By having the same bone cuts for the PS and MS knee system the direct comparison within every single knee specimen could be performed. For stastics mixed effects models were applied by utilizing random intercept per specimen to compare PS and MS during the whole squat. P Results Femorotibial kinematics of MS design showed a significant reduction of medial femorotibial translation compared to PS design. At 120° of flexion the PS design displayed a mean posterior translation of the femur related to the tibia of 15.62 mm, while the MS design translated medially only an average of 3.45 mm in the same direction. In the lateral compartment both designs showed a posterior translation of the femur in relation to the tibia. At 120° of flexion the femur of the PS design translated 19.00 mm posteriorly compared to the MS design with 14.73 mm (p In the medial femorotibial compartment of MS design we observed an enlarged contact area (+175.6 mm2) and lower peak pressure (−1.83 MPa), in contrast in the lateral compartment there was a reduced contact area (−19.68mm2) and increased peak pressure (+0.63 MPa) compared to PS design (p The retropatellar peak pressure increased significantly after TKA. The contact area at 120° flexion showed no difference between GMK Sphere and the natural knees. The PS had a lower contact area. Retropatellar mean pressure increased for the PS compared to MS and natural knee. There was no significant difference of the retropatellar peak pressure between MS and PS. Conclusion Neither of the two designs seems to replicate completely the physiological movement of the knee. However, the MS TKA system provided a lateral translation with a medial stable compartment, which is supposed to provide a-p stability and restore the physiological knee kinematics in the active arc of flexion. In terms of retropatellar contact patterns MS restored natural conditions better than PS.


The public has become the main part of enterprises' innovation in the Internet era,which promote the development of "CrowdSourcing".This paper firstly analyzes the conception of "CrowdSourcing" and its essential characteristics,then studies related literature.After all these jobs,the "CrowdSourcing" Risks are divided into four categories: ability risk,organization and management risk,intellectual property risk and information risk,each type of risk is described and its factors are explored at the same time.Finally,the paper put forward some targeted strategies on risk avoidance: select appropriate tasks for "CrowdSourcing",establish an evaluation index system for assignee,change management thinking,establish knowledge-sharing platform,strengthen the protection of intellectual property,improve the incentive system and so on,which is of great significance to the effective implementation of "CrowdSourcing".


Recent research showing negative correlations between detrended output and prices during the postwar period has brought into question the conventional wisdom that prices are procyclical. However, this finding has been shown to be sensitive to the sample period considered. This paper examines the relationship between output and prices in the frequency domain: using quarterly data on GNP and the deflator for the period 1875-1994, the covariance of output and prices is decomposed into its spectral components in order to investigate whether the differences in the price-output relationship across sample periods reflect changes in the importance of various frequencies within the correlations, or whether they reflect more fundamental changes in the entire spectral relationship.


Single crystals of LuAG doped with Pr ions (0.2 mol%) are grown by the micro-pulling-down ( -PD) method with an RF heating system. The as-grown crystals are confirmed to be of garnet-type structure with the space group of Ia3d (230). The emission-excitation spectra and luminescence decay kinetics are measured in the temperature range of 5–310 K by using synchrotron radiation as an exciting light source. The intrinsic luminescence is observed at 250 nm at low temperatures. Four emission bands at 308, 325, 360, and 380 nm are ascribed to the 5d 4f transitions of Pr 3+ ions. From the decay kinetics measurements, it is pointed out that there exist two kinds of energy transfer mechanisms from the host LuAG lattice to the Pr 3+ ions. The mechanisms of energy transfer are discussed in connection with the formation of substitution-type defects.


Two scientific methodical approaches are singled out to research military economics: as a constituent part of military business which provides for the defence (military) potential of the state, and as a science which studies regularities of economic provision for military business in the state (defence, building, maintenance of armed forces, etc.). It is to be noted out that the competition at the world market of weapons takes place mainly between the USA, Russia, Germany, China and France, the share of which constitutes 74% of military production export. Within the framework of researching military economics are singled out branches manufacturing planes-fighters and production for cosmic sphere. Advantages were shown of planes-fighters of the fifth generation of the USA F-22, F-22 and F-35 Lightning 11 (project is financed by the USA together with Italy, the Netherlands, Australia, Canada, Turkey, Norway and Denmark) over Rus-sian-Indian project T-50 and Chinese Chengdu J-20 and J-31. The evaluation is made that leading countries are able by 2030 to build planes-fighters of the sixth generation. The opinion is expressed that the geopolitical position of Ukraine and, in particular, the aggression and annexation of Crimea by Russia make a priority of restoring the fighting capability of the military aviation of Ukraine and of increasing the level of its combat power. It is stressed that for this purpose it is necessary to systematically and rather rapidly substitute the Soviet-Russian aviation technology for American one. The possible ways for equipping armed forces of Ukraine with new planes-fighters are determined the following: their development and manufacture in cooperation with other countries or the organization of licensed manufacturing, import, rent or lease of present-day fighting planes of foreign make. Taking into account that Ukraine enters the club of cosmic states and through the lacking finances it at present is unable to compete on equal terms in manufacturing aerocosmic technology it is suggested to re-orient the economic policy of the country at integrating into European cosmic branch. It is pointed out that for this purpose it is necessary to load the capacities of the State enterprise «Production association «Southern machine building plant named after O.M.Makarov» and designing bureau «Pivdenne». It is recommended to develop the cooperation of Ukraine in manufacturing rocket-carriers «Zenith» for projects «Sea start» and «Land start» and the cooperation with American companies (Orbital ATK - RH «Antares») and European (AVIO, Italy - PH «Vega»); to implement ambitious Ukrainian-Brazilian project «Cyclone-4». It is made more precise that Ukraine may propose to partners the cooperation in continuing the development of multifunctional rocket operative- tactical complex «Sapsan».


Most general content_based image retrieval techniques use color and texture as retrieval indices. In color techniques, color histogram and color pair based color retrieval techniques suffer from a lack of spatial information and text. And This paper describes the design and implementation of content_based image retrieval system using color space and keywords. The preprocessor for image retrieval has used the coordinate system of the existing HSI(Hue, Saturation, Intensity) and preformed to split One image into chromatic region and achromatic region respectively, It is necessary to normalize the size of image for 200*N or N*200 and to convert true colors into 256 color. Two color histograms for background and object are used in order to decide on color selection in the color space. Spatial information is obtained using a maximum entropy discretization. It is possible to choose the class, color, shape, location and size of image by using keyword. An input color is limited by 15 kinds keyword of chromatic and achromatic colors of the Korea Industrial Standards. Image retrieval method is used as the key of retrieval properties in the similarity. The weight values of color space can be chosen by the user in inputting the query words, controlling the values according to the properties of image_contents. The result of retrieval in the test using extracted feature such as color space and keyword to the query image are lower that those of weight value. In the case of weight value, the average of te measuring parameters shows approximate Precision(0.858), Recall(0.936), RT(1), MT(0). The above results have proved higher retrieval effects than the content_based image retrieval by using color space of keywords.


Background Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is typically encountered in the elderly population. Significant inconsistencies currently exist regarding the definition of the disorder, the true incidence of CSM in younger populations, and the established diagnostic criteria. Objective To highlight the lack of standardization in the definition and diagnosis of CSM. Methods A PubMed literature search was conducted spanning the years 2001 to 2011. The search was limited by the following terms: 1) English language, 2) Adults (19-44 years old), and 3) "cervical spondylotic myelopathy." Each article was reviewed to determine if the presence of the definition of CSM existed in the article. The clinical characteristics used to make the diagnosis of CSM were recorded for each article. Cochran's Q statistic was used to determine whether some clinical characteristics were more frequently used than others.


The aim of this paper is to present two different approachs in order to obtain an existence result to the so-called quadrature surface free boundary problem. The first one requires the shape derivative calculus while the second one depends strongly on the compatibility condition of the Neumann problem. A necessary and sufficient condition of existences is given in the radial case.


In this paper, we explore this issue through a simulation approach. We use a stylized city simulation model to compare CBA results for a large number of infrastructure investments in a simulated city with and without taking changes in residential location into account. In particular, we are interested in whether the optimal selection of investments under a budget constraint changes depending on whether residential location effects are taken into account.


The welding technology is of great importance in YBCO application. To make better joints, the diffusion welding of YBCO tape to copper has been carried out in a vacuum environment. In consideration of high welding temperature (above 200°C) could do damage to the material performance, a new kind of diffusion welding method with temperature below 200 °C has been developed recently. A new welding appliance which can offer pressure over 35Kg/mm2 and controlled temperature has been designed and built; several YBCO coated conductors joints soldered with different melting points of tins has been tested. The results showed that the diffusion can perfectly connect YBCO to copper as well as stainless steel and resistance of the joint was low, and the YBCO tape could bear 217°C for at least 15mins.


A novel design is proposed for a monolithically integrated laser diode structure suitable for networks operating at 1.5 mu m. Theoretical simulations indicate that output powers in excess of 10 mW can be generated by injection currents less than 150 mA and with a maximum side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) better than 30 dB. Initial, non-optimised laser structures, incorporating an all-active approach, have been fabricated for assessment purposes. These have shown successful lasing behaviour. >