A seminal result of Agler characterizes the so-called Schur-Agler class of functions on the polydisk in terms of a unitary colligation transfer function representation. We generalize this to the unit ball of the algebra of multipliers for a family of test functions over a broad class of semigroupoids. There is then an associated interpolation theorem. Besides leading to solutions of the familiar Nevanlinna-Pick and Carathéodory-Fejér interpolation problems and their multivariable commutative and noncommuta-tive generalizations, this approach also allows us to consider more exotic problems.


In this study a phenomenological three-dimensional coupled (3DC) mixed-mode cohesive zone model (CZM) is proposed. This is done by extending an improved version of the well established exponential CZM of Xu and Needleman (XN) to 3D contact problems. Coupled traction-separation relationships are individually presented for normal and transverse directions. The proposed model preserves all the essential features of the XN model and yet correctly describes mixed-mode separation and in particular mixed-mode closure conditions. Moreover, it provides the possibility to explicitly account for all three components of the gap function, i.e. separations in different directions. The 3DC model has some independent parameters, i.e. interface properties, similar to the XN model. All the cohesive zone parameters can be determined using mode-I and mode-II experiments.


Abstract The World Bank has developed a new lending instrument, called Program-for-Results (P4R). This instrument is notable because it emphasises borrower programmes and contexts, ostensibly shifting from universally applied Washington Consensus models. Why did the Bank develop P4R? First, theoretical grounds for a new Bank policy are outlined. Second, the context, formalisation and usage of P4R are analysed. Third, P4R's possible futures are described, along with their implications for development lending theory and practice. Despite its embryonic status, scholars and practitioners will be able to learn about power in development lending by following the fate of P4R.


Fish growth model is an important method to study the growth and development of fish, aiming at the problems of poor performance and low efficiency in processing high-dimensional and large-capacity data in the existing fish growth equations, proposed a growth model of tongue sole built by the parallel BP neural network based on mini-batch gradient descent. This paper introduces the data preprocessing method, details introduction of the parallel BP neural network based on mini-batch gradient descent model design, and uses traditional BP neural network, parallel BP neural network based on stochastic gradient descent and parallel BP neural network based on mini-batch gradient descent build a growth model of tongue sole to compare and analyze. The results show that the RMSE of the tongue sole growth model built by the parallel BP neural network based on mini-batch gradient descent is 1.43, which has a better fitting effect.


The article presents the chronology of the development of regulatory documentation for the calculation and design of wooden structures in the Republic of Belarus. The analysis of the methodology for calculating symmetrical double-cut joints of wooden elements on metal nagels according to the construction rules of SP 5.05.01-2021 and the norms of foreign countries that have harmonized building codes with the Eurocode 5 standard, taking into account national applications. The differences in the provisions for the calculation of compounds on metal nagels in terms of assigning the value of the partial coefficient of the properties of the compound materials are revealed. A different approach to the assignment of technological parameters in the manufacture of building structures using metal nagels is noted. A comparative calculation of the joint of the lower belt of the truss with double-sided wooden plates on bolts is performed. The calculation results were evaluated according to the construction standards of the Republic of Belarus, China, Poland, Ukraine and Lithuania. It is established that the introduction of national applications established by national standardization bodies affects the results of the calculation of the joints of wooden elements on the nagels.


Fish diseases are becoming increasingly important, as a consequence of increasing use of aquaculture and also the rapidly changing environment due to human impact, such as pollution, habitat degradation, and climate change. A book that facilitates sound diagnosis of disease, as well as prevention of infection and treatment, is therefore welcome. The book edited by Woo and Buchmann discusses protistan and metazoan parasites that are significant agents of disease in economically important freshwater and marine fishes, focusing on specific pathogens. It does not cover systematics, evolution, molecular biology, ultrastructure, and in vitro culture. Some important parasites, such as Trichodina and Caryophillidae, are not included, because their effects are little known. Thirty-four experts at the forefront of research on particular parasites have contributed. The great attraction of the book is the concise treatment of the disease agents. Chapters are well illustrated, mostly by black and white but, in some cases, by color figures, A typical chapter, such as that on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, consists of a brief introduction; a section on lifecycles and parasitic stages; transmission and geographical distribution; diagnosis; local and systemic responses; and protective control strategies, including immune responses and vaccine strategies; conclusions; and suggestions for further studies. An extensive list of references follows. Some chapters, depending on the organisms discussed, include discussions of biological control measures and sections on pathophysiology, chemotherapy and immunochemotherapy, or vector control. There is an extensive and useful index (subject and taxonomic combined). The book is highly recommended to anybody involved in aquaculture and fisheries in general. In fact, it is an essential source of information for everybody who needs concise and up-to-date information on fish disease. The high standing of the editors and authors guarantees correct information.


We slipped into our office but even before the nurse practitioner began to present I could tell things were not good. ''Ms. K is at it again. She was yelling that her pain medications are not working and will only talk to you.then she screamed at me to leave the room since I was not a doctor.'' Ms. K was a 60-year-old, single Caucasian female with stage 4 nonsmall cell lung cancer with metastasis to her lower spine. She had been admitted two weeks earlier to a hospitalist service with a female attending, but was quickly switched to the oncology service as ''those doctors are just generalists when I need specialists.'' After reporting poor pain management and ''firing'' two nurses, the palliative care team was consulted. Ms. K had received steroids, zoledronic acid, and different opiates for her pain. Staff noted that she had a low frustration tolerance when interacting with them. She had a tendency to make multiple requests that could never be adequately fulfilled and was seemingly never satisfied. Nurses began to avoid her room. Before even meeting with Ms. K, a nurse shared that ''.seeing her is like visiting my mother-inlaw.I can't stand it.'' Upon our first meeting, Ms. K shared that she was never married. She had worked as an accountant and enjoyed the male comradery, as she was the only female employee in the office. Ms. K noted that her father was also an accountant whom she admired, while her mother ''cleaned the house and never knew much.'' Her father protected her from her mother who reportedly always ''picked'' on her. At the end of the first visit, a fentanyl patch was started and an oxycodone was made available for breakthrough pain. The following day, I followed the nurse practitioner into her room and as I entered, Ms. K exclaimed, ''Oh it's the young doctor who helped my pain so much.'' The female nurse who had joined us looked shocked as before our arrival she only heard contradictory statements. I reviewed the treatment plan with Ms. K who responded ''..it just makes me feel better knowing that you are caring for me unlike these nurses.'' The staff was stunned by this encounter and asked to meet to discuss what had transpired. I believe to understand this interaction, one must look to Sigmund Freud's 1895 book, Studies on Hysteria. In that brilliant work, Dr. Freud initiated an awareness that patients often had unconscious, intense feelings toward him. He termed it transference, an unconscious tendency of a person to assign to others in the present environment feelings and attitudes associated with a significant person in one's earlier life, which could be affectionate (positive), hostile (negative), or ambivalent. It has become a pillar of psychoanalytic theory as analysts have utilized transference as a tool to view the problems in past relationships that, through their contemporary misassignment, are impeding functioning in the present. Furthermore, no one has immunity as providers can have their own unconscious feelings misassigned to patients, which is termed Countertransference. The training in psychoanalysis is to know when and how to interpret transference/countertransference, which if mistimed could lead to heightened resistance and psychological regression. Using this framework, it was clear that Ms. K had a positive paternal transference toward me based on her earlier positive relationship with her father. Her history revealed that she had felt closer to him as a child, which led her to follow his career path into a male-dominated field. On the other hand, Ms. K was demonstrating a hostile transference to female staff. Her constant criticisms and comments to their ineptitude were connected to her negative view of her mother. Hence in this case, Ms. K's transferences were captured by her words, ''.it just makes me feel better knowing that you [male-father] are caring for me unlike these nurses [female-mother].'' Countertransference was also demonstrated by the treatment team, as reflected by one nurse's comment that Ms. K was like her mother-in-law. As I provided these formulations, the palliative care team and nursing staff identified their own examples of this process and by doing so were less reactive and more sympathetic. Nurses began to feel less personally targeted by Ms. K. It also began a conversation among staff when they recognized their own countertransferences and took steps to avoid these feelings interfering with care. Over the next few days, Ms. K noticed and explicated her changing observations regarding staff's increasing patience, empathy, and support. This facilitated a reduction in her resistance to consider hospice on discharge. I did not share these insights with Ms. K due to the above-noted concerns with the timing of such interpretations and her clear progress around goals of care. Hence, transference/countertransference is another tool that can be utilized by palliative care teams to understand their patients' difficulties with treatment.


The present invention relates to a final converter steelmaking slag modifier and methods of use, wherein the source of several of the following percentage composition by weight: metallic Mg: 30 ~ 50%; metallic Al: 10 ~ 30%; quicklime : 15 to 35%; coke powder: 5% to 15%; the order of addition is: 1) in the converter of blowing to the addition of the end of the steel in the converter, was added in an amount of 20 ~ 40kg / t-slag; 2) when the converter after the end of the steel slag of more than 10kg / tonne-steel, in a converter to continue tapping is completed additional modifier slag surface in a ladle, the amount of additional 1 ~ 5kg / ton-steel. Advantageous effect of the invention is: modifier of Mg, Al, C can be reduced slag liquid FeO, while the presence of Mg oxidation product of MgO and CaO can significantly improve the slag viscosity and melting point, the amount of slag is too large if the next, may be continue to face additional ladle slag modifying agent to achieve a modified top ladle slag, improve the purity of molten steel.


The NMR spectrum of CFClBr–CFClBr is reported as a function of temperature from 177° to 300°K. The high‐temperature spectrum is analyzed in terms of a superposition of the spectra of the meso and dl isomers, each in rapid rotation about the C–C bond; the low‐temperature spectrum on the basis of a superposition of the spectra of the three rotamers of each of the two isomers. The gauche coupling constant between fluorine atoms in this compound is 21.5±0.5 cps. Chemical shifts for the fluorine atoms were different for the three rotamers. Fluorine atoms gauche to one fluorine and one chlorine atom are at the highest field, and fluorine atoms gauche to one fluorine and one bromine atom are at the lowest field.By observing the relative areas of peaks at low temperature, relative energies of the three potential minima for each isomer are calculated. High‐temperature areas determined the relative amounts of the two isomers. Using, in addition, chemical shift data from the low‐temperature spectra, spectra of this ...


EphrinA5, a member of the ephrinA subclass, is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and acts as a tumor suppressor. However, the upstream regulation mechanism of ephrinA5 remains unclear. In this study, we tried to identify and characterize the roles of miR‐96 and miR‐182 in the regulation of ephrinA5 expression in HCC. The expression levels of miR‐96 and miR‐182 were examined in 47 paired HCC and para‐tumoral liver tissues using quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. The luciferase reporter assay and western blotting were employed to dissect the association between miR‐96/182 and ephrinA5 expression. Moreover, cells were treated with synthetic miR‐96/182 precursors and inhibitors to assess their effects on HCC cell growth and migration. It was found that both miR‐96 and miR‐182 were upregulated in HCC compared to para‐tumoral normal tissues. The expression of miR‐96 and miR‐182 was inversely associated with ephrinA5 protein levels. Furthermore, both miR‐96 and miR‐182 directly targeted the 3'UTR of the ephrinA5 mRNA and suppressed protein translation. The suppression of miR‐96 and miR‐182 led to reduced HCC cell proliferation and migration by negatively regulating ephrinA5 expression. In conclusion, miR‐96 and miR‐182 may act as oncomiRs in HCC by suppressing the expression of ephrinA5 and may play important roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


T HE provincial assemblies of the Empire of the fourth and fifth centuries constitute a problem fascinating in itself and of farreaching importance for the study of related and contemporary institutions. The subject is much too complicated and its ramifications too numerous to make it possible in a brief paper to do more than to touch on a few phases. The particular points to be considered are the position given the assemblies by the emperors in their plan of government, the membership and composition of the assemblies, their position in the social organization of the time, and their place in the evolution of assemblies through Greek and Roman times. The most important single source for the study of the assemblies of this period is the Theodosian Code. The first hint of the importance of these bodies is the relative frequency with which they are mentioned in it. According to the chronological table of Mommsen and Meyer,2 the first entry in the Code dates from 313; the earliest reference to a provincial assembly from 315.3 References to the assemblies become more frequent later in the reign of Constantine, but it should be noted that in these earlier documents there is nothing to indicate that these bodies are new or that communications addressed to them by an emperor constitute an innovation. It should be noted further that the nature of our sources is such that the failure to find any refer-


The purpose of this study is to examine what readers of fiction literature are influenced by when they choose books. What libraries and bookstores do to influence readers in their choice of literat ...


Crop coefficient curves provide simple, reproducible means to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ET) from weather-based reference ET values. The dual crop coefficient sKcd method of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States (FAO) Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56 (FAO-56) is intended to improve daily simulation of crop ET by considering separately the contribution of evaporation from soil. The dual method utilizes "basal" crop coefficients representing ET from crops having a dry soil surface and separately predicts evaporation from bare soil based on a water balance of the soil surface layer. Three extensions to the evaporation calculation procedure are described here that are intended to improve accuracy when applications warrant the extra complex- ity. The first extension uses parallel water balances representing the portion of the soil surface wetted by irrigation and precipitation together and the portion wetted by precipitation alone. The second extension uses three "stages" for surface drying and provides for application to deep cracking soils. The third extension predicts the extraction of the transpiration component from the soil surface layer. Sensitivity and analyses and illustrations indicate moderate sensitivity of daily calculated ET to application of the extensions. The dual Kc procedure, although relatively simple computationally and structurally, estimates daily ET as measured by lysimeter relatively well for periods of bare soil and partial and full vegetation cover.


Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) interventions reduce the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA); however, little epidemiological research exists to confirm these findings. 789 participants from the population-based Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) Study underwent polysomnography. MVPA was assessed using the Active Australia questionnaire, which was completed when participants were first recruited to the MAILES study (2002–2006), and again in 2010. Multinomial logistic regressions established odds ratio between OSA severity categories with MVPA, whilst adjusted linear models determined associations between OSA metrics with MVPA. Cross-sectionally, each hour of MVPA was associated with reduced severity of mean oxygen desaturation (unstandardised β (B)=−0.002, p=0.043) and reduced time below 90% oxygen saturation (B=−0.03, p=0.034). Longitudinally, each hour increase in MVPA was associated with a 4% reduction in the odds of severe OSA and less severe mean oxygen desaturation (B=−0.003, p=0.014), time below 90% oxygen saturation (B=−0.02, p=0.02), and mean duration of apnoeas (B=−0.004, p=0.016). MVPA is associated with reduced hypoxaemia in a cohort of community dwelling males, approximately half of whom had untreated OSA. As nocturnal intermittent hypoxaemia is associated with cardiometabolic disorders, MVPA may offer protection for patients with OSA. This study provides epidemiological evidence that moderate to vigorous physical activity is associated with less severe OSA-induced hypoxaemia. This result suggests that MVPA should be actively implemented in treatment regimens for people with OSA. https://bit.ly/3a9asiZ


A PARTICULAR DISEASE of the circle of Willis, characterized by its progressive obstruction and associated with different cerebral vascular malformations, has been described by Japanese authors Nishimoto and Sugiul and Kudo.2 They considered the disease unique to the population of Japan since they found no other case cited in the literature of other countries. Subsequently, however, Simon et aL3 and Busch4 described, in young Europeans, progressive obstruction of the circle of Willis associated with different cerebral vascular malformations, which they compared with Nishimoto's disease-an entity which is as yet incompletely delineated since it has been described only clinically and angiographically and has not been checked anatomically. Recently, Smith et al.5 reported the anatomicoclinical study of a hypoplasia, involving the bilateral carotid artery and the anterior part of the circle of Willis, with occlusion phenomena due to intima proliferation and atheroma. The present paper reports on the anatomicoclinical study of a 44-year-old man, not suffering from chronic hypertension, who suddenly died from cerebral hemorrhage with an atypical location. Examination of the cerebral vessels revealed a series of lesions that raised the question of their relationship to Nishimoto's disease.


In order to develop a phenomenological approach to transport in 3D heterogeneous media, we have performed direct numerical simulation studies. Using an algorithm based on the lattice random walk to generate random media, we have performed radiographic shots of the sample and digitized both the chord length and optical depth distributions. The optical depth distribution is then used to compute an effective mean free path. As theory predicts, the atomically averaged mean free path is always a minimum value. We have also demonstrated a dependency of mean free path on the distribution of random material.


however, given the relatively short chapter length, those addressing a single designer feel more satisfying. The authors cover a wide range of topics from readyto-wear to custom-made, and readers find themselves learning about knitting patterns one moment (Chapter 2) and children's clothing the next (Chapter 7). The diversity is one of the many strengths of the book and helps demonstrate the vibrancy of the American fashion industry. Particular themes reoccur throughout the chapters and these are mentioned by Deihl in her introduction. These commonalities help to draw the book together, situating each designer within a wider narrative. One such area is the issue of recognition for women working behind the scenes producing designs for major labels, but often receiving little acknowledgement for their talent. Their inclusion in the book, alongside more prominent designers, is refreshing and needed. Many of the authors are museum curators, and another theme skilfully teased out is the important relationship between museums and fashion designers. Jessie Franklin Turner, for example, was appointed as the Director of the Museum of Costume Art in 1940 and Tina Leser's Fall collection in 1950 was inspired by collections at the Brooklyn Museum and the Costume Institute at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. To help make connections across chapters, the essays are grouped into three sections. The first, 'Design Innovators', looks at four designers with distinctive design practices and styles: Jessie Franklin Turner, Virginia Woods Bellamy, Tina Leser and Sandra Garratt. The second and largest chapter, 'Developing an Industry', focuses on designers who shaped the way the fashion industry works across America, looking at Marion McCoy and Pauline Fracchia, Fira Benenson, Helen Lee and Suzanne Godart, Nicki 'Catherine Scott' Ladany, Jean Wright, Mollie Parnis, Elizabeth 'Libby' Payne and Ruth Finley. The final section looks at 'Hollywood, Broadway, and Seventh Avenue', exploring the crossovers between film, theatre and fashion design. It includes a chapter on Zelda Wynn Valdes by Deihl herself, as well as chapters on Viola Dimmitt, Kiviette and Vicky Tiel. This section is particularly welcome, broadening the book's scope, demonstrating the fashion industry's complex eco-system, and the cross-pollination between complementary industries. All of the essays are meticulously researched and primary sources are used rigorously, including archival materials, photographs, magazines, museum collections and interviews with the designers. The latter is particularly important in providing insight into these women and their work. The range of sources provides abundant material for photographs and illustrations and all of the chapters include black-and-white images. Further colour images to showcase the range of the designers' work would have been helpful. An enjoyable read, this book is a much-needed addition to fashion history, and it is hoped it will succeed in its mission to inspire further research into American fashion.


The invention discloses a telescopic boom device which comprises a telescopic boom (1), a main boom (3) and a telescopic cylinder (4). The telescopic boom (1) is installed in the main boom (3); the telescopic boom (1) can be freely stretched back and forth in the main boom (3) through the action of the telescopic cylinder (4); a telescopic boom guiding device is arranged between the telescopic boom (1) and the main boom (3); and the cross sections of the main boom (3) and the telescopic boom (1) are triangles. The invention is a telescopic boom device which has a relatively smaller section, light deadweight, good telescopic centering performance and high stationarity and can effectively prevent side loading torsion.


ABSTRACT We isolated a gram-positive, halotolerant psychrophile from a hypersaline pond located on the McMurdo Ice Shelf in Antarctica. A phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of this organism showed that it is a member of the genus Planococcus. This assignment is consistent with the morphology and physiological characteristics of the organism. A gene encoding a β-galactosidase in this isolate was cloned in an Escherichia coli host. Sequence analysis of this gene placed it in glycosidase family 42 most closely related to an enzyme from Bacillus circulans. Even though an increasing number of family 42 glycosidase sequences are appearing in databases, little information about the biochemical features of these enzymes is available. Therefore, we purified and characterized this enzyme. The purified enzyme did not appear to have any metal requirement, had an optimum pH of 6.5 and an optimum temperature of activity at 42°C, and was irreversibly inactivated within 10 min when it was incubated at 55°C. The enzyme had an apparent Km of 4.9 μmol ofo-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside, and theVmax was 467 μmol ofo-nitrophenol produced/min/mg of protein at 39°C. Of special interest was the finding that the enzyme remained active at high salt concentrations, which makes it a possible reporter enzyme for halotolerant and halophilic organisms.


Oxbow says: Through the study of literary and archaeological evidence, and more especially the statistical analysis of floor plans, Geoff Adams examines the social function of suburban villas in the Italian region of Campania. Focusing on evidence from Pompeii, Herculaneaum and Stabiae, he compares the use of space and social function of urban and suburban houses and looks at the allocation of space for entertaining guests and leisure activities in the suburban villas of Campania.


Summary.  Between‐study heterogeneity and publication bias are common features of a meta‐analysis that can be present simultaneously. When both are suspected, consideration must be made of each in the assessment of the other. We consider extended funnel plot tests for detecting publication bias, and selection modelling and trim‐and‐fill methods to adjust for publication bias in the presence of between‐study heterogeneity. These methods are applied to two example data sets. Results indicate that ignoring between‐study heterogeneity when assessing publication bias can be misleading, but that methods to test or adjust for publication bias in the presence of heterogeneity may not be powerful when the meta‐analysis is not large. It is therefore unrealistic to expect to disentangle the effects of publication bias and heterogeneity reliably in all except the largest meta‐analyses.


Many important photochemical processes involve fast intramolecular relaxation steps, such as internal conversion, that occur following photoexcitation. In molecules where these radiationless processes are so fast that fluorescence is not observed the pathways for relaxation after photoexcitation have been difficult to determine. Femtosecond time-resolved photoionization, combined with photoelectron spectroscopy, provides a method for following such processes directly in time. This talk will present recent progress in using these techniques to determine the pathways for internal conversion in molecules such as 1,3,5-hexatriene.


As a learning mechanic, support vector machine (SVMs) has been studied and applied in a wide area. This study deals with the special futures of SVM in predicting the total workload in telecommunication. The contributions include: (a) Building a predicted model of the total workload in telecommunications and predicting using it; (b)Analyzing the parameter of support vector regression(SVRs) which influence performance of SVRs. (c) Experiments demonstrate that SVM in this paper outperforms the others methods in this area.


The control and monitoring of physical variables in real time is very important to the industry to guarantee the quality of products, industrial safety, the operation of the machines and the manufacturing process. Nowadays, the Salvadoran industry must adopt technologies associated with the Internet of Things. Understanding as Internet of Things the possibility to provide Internet connection to any object, giving the user the possibility to make physical measures or remote controlling. In this case, knowing that the impact that represent for industry the control and monitoring of physical variables is very important, ITCA FEPADE Regional Center of Santa Ana City has designed and implemented a IoT platform to monitor the physical variables with educational purposes. For the designing of the platform some open source tools were use. The hardware tools used were atmega 328p and xbee antennas. PHP, Java and C were the programming language used for the interface design. This IoT platform can control the electric charges and monitoring variables like: electric current and power, electrical energy and temperature. For statistical measurement the computer center 2 and classroom 103 were chosen. For using this software, the user just needs a smartphone, a computer or a tablet to connect to the IoT platform. The user can visualize and have control of physical variables using the platform interface. Both devices (user device and the server) must be connected to the same network, in this case ITCA Santa Ana's network.


Forest structure and composition may be, dependent on e.g. soil conditions, human impact and forest age, very different, which might result in differences in abundance and species number of resident forest bird. Because of the adverse effects of modern forestry on resident bird species prefer¬ring old growth forest, nature reserves and adapted forest management are needed. However, the plan¬ning of such measures requires an understanding of the factors determining occurrence and abundance of resident forest birds. The aim of this study was to identify habitat variables that are particular important for the abundance and species number of resident birds in old boreal forest patches (≥ 80 years) in the context of two different forest landscapes in northern Sweden.
Habitat variables known to be varying with forest age, productivity and degree of human impact were chosen: basal area, basal area of large trees (≥ 40 cm diameter at breast height), coefficient of variation of basal area, basal area of deciduous trees and forest type (pine vs. spruce dominated forest). Generalized linear models were applied to relate the habitat variables, stand area and the factor landscape to abundance and species number data of resident birds, which were obtained by point counts. Besides total abundance and species number abundances of the most abundant single species (Parus major, Poecile montanus, Certhia familiaris and Loxia spp.) and functional bird groups (foliage and trunk glea¬ners, hole nesters and declining species) were analyzed.
The total species number and the abundance of the declining species were positively affected by basal area, which was used as indicator for the productivity of the forest and tree canopy closure. The basal of large trees had a positive effect on the total abundance and on the abundance of foliage and trunk gleaners. Because the basal area of large trees was not positively correlated with stand age and site productivity (potential annual timber volume production) it was regarded as indicator for the management intensity of the stands. Total abundance and species number were also positively affected by the area of the investigated stands. Although the total abundance tended to be larger in the less managed landscape, no significant effect of landscape was observed.
The effect of basal area on the total species number suggests that productive forests are needed to maintain the whole spectrum of resident bird species. Moreover, productive forests seem to be important for the declining species among the resident birds in the study area. The effect of large trees on total abundance and the abundance of the foliage gleaners might be explained by the greater structural complexity of forests with low management intensity. The results of this study suggest that resident bird species in the study area would benefit from protection and/or restor¬ation of productive and structural complex forests.


ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to explore the structure and content of chemistry teacher's explanations from the per-spective of 'persuasion'. Especially, this study was to explore how the argument structure and the conceptual change constructs in chemistry teachers' explanations were established and intera cted. Data were collected from chemistryI classes considering thegas unit which includes kinetic theory of gas, Graham's law, Boyle's law, and Charles' law. The classes were vediotaped and tra ns-cribed. The transcriptions were analyzed with Toulmin's argument frame and the two constructs of conceptual change model; theconceptual ecology and the status of a conception to interpret the persuasive structure and content of the teacher's explanatio ns. Asthe results of this study, four explanatory discourses which show various persuasive explanations in chemistry classes. Based o n thisresults, discussion and implications for effective teachers' explanations in chemistry classes were presented.


Bhabha, Jacqueline. 1996. 'Embodied Rights: Gender Persecution, State Sovereignty and Refugees', Public Culture, 9: 3-32. Menon, Nivedita. 1998. 'State/Gender/Community: Citizenship in Contemporary India', Economic and Political Weekly, 33(5): PE 3-10. Shachar, Ayelet. 2001. Multicultural Jurisdictions: Cultural Differences and Women's Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Stasiulis, Daiva and Abigail B. Bakan. 1997. 'Negotiating Citizenship, The Case of Foreign Domestic Workers in Canada', Feminist Review, 57: 112-39. Yuval-Davis, Nira. 1997. 'Women, Citizenship and Difference', Feminist Review, 57: 4-27.


Earthquake deformation survey is important data source of earthquake prediction research. This paper mainly introduces earthquake deformation survey' s present situation and working characteristics, and that raises the concept of moving database. Take as an example fluid dynamic leveling, the paper focuses on moving object database' s related technology in the possible application of two kinds of leveling needs, provide the meaningful idea for readers.


The procedure for seismic design of underground structures is well established and involves a phased approach of increasing levels of analyses as required for a given project. For seismic shaking in soil and rock, an empirical approach is first taken by assessing the level of damage using damage criteria graphs. These damage criteria graphs were developed based on empirical evidence of numerous case histories and relate ground motion intensity (peak ground acceleration or velocity) to the damage level. Previous investigators presented damage criteria graphs which were developed using old and less well documented case histories and attenuation relationships now considered outdated. Recent seismic events such as the 1989 Loma Prieta, 1994 Northridge, and 1995 Kobe earthquakes have provided illuminating case histories, suggesting some revisions to the earlier studies. As a part of a study on the seismic vulnerability of tunnels for the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and the Federal Highway Administration, the authors of this paper reevaluated the existing seismic damage criteria and added new case histories to the existing data base. Also, as a part of this study, the authors investigated aseismic aspects of tunnel design.


Julie D. Campbell, Anne R. Larsen (ed.), Early Modern Women and Transnational Communities of Letters, Aldershot, Hampshire (Ashgate Publishing) 2009, 350 p. (Women and Gender in the Early Modern World), ISBN 978-0-7546-6738-4, USD 124,95.


In this paper we deal with semantics issues related to the stability, navigability and extensibility of web applications. To this end, we define a web application as a deterministic labelled transition system in which states are the html pages and transitions are urls. This definition allows us, on the one hand, to characterize the temporal evolution of a web application and, on the other, to classify web applications into several types according to how the information is spread over the web application. This last classification captures interesting semantic properties related to the navigability and web application extensibility. We use partial orders to define and characterize web applications extensibility as web program refinements in a way that preserve navigability and improve the information reached through browsing. We apply these ideas to construct a simple web application, namely, a small virtual museum based on approximations of three original paintings. Despite of being very simple, this example evidences the need for the semantic properties while designing the web application in order to assure navigability and obtaining better information while browsing. Based on the extensibility characterization, we were able to extend the virtual museum with different paintings approximations while preserving navigability properties as well as browsing of paintings' approximations of increased quality resolution. Finally, based on our model for web applications we formally define the web program refinements through partial orders.


The traditional cultural geography mainly investigates the cultures of a big region and the researches focus on five central issues: cultural landscapes, cultural ecology, cultural integration and cultural regionalization. However, within the contexts of globalization and profound urban transformation, the development of urban cultures are influenced not only by physical factors but more importantly, by socio-cultural elements such as the urban development strategy and governance mode, the economic location, the transportation, the big events, the industrial pattern, urban space reconstruction, the urban population and the concept of consumption, all of which have brought revolutionary changes to the background of urban culture. Under this circumstance, new features appear in the geographical study of urban culture. Also, the process of globalization has brought extraordinary changes to urban culture: new architecture and popular public space mixed with exotic elements are welling up, globalized lifestyles widely spread and traditional values are challenged. Therefore, it is urgent to study the forthcoming questions such as how to deal with the dilemma of foreign cultures and local traditions for the sake of the development of cities. In the western world, globalization has been a very popular narrative in academic study and cultural geography has been at the forefront of disciplines relating the experiences and consequences for thinking society and the global circumstance at both the empirical and theoretical levels. Most of the research and articles would be called post-modernization, basing argues on successive critiques with telling rich stories of Exclusion and Inclusion of difference-sexualities, genders, racings, ethnicities and ages. However, in China, the culture globalization has not been a focus in culture geography yet though the function of culture capital in the urban competition has been realized. Regarding to the fact that most of the urban studies are organized from the social transformation perspective rather than from the point of globalization nowadays, to argue the impacts of globalization on urban cultures systematically is helpful to both the geographical theory and practice. More importantly, it may provide great opportunities to perfect the methodology and theory in the field of culture geography through the overview of the literature in the west and the analysis of practice happened in China. Based on the analysis and arrangement to the overall documentaries related to urban culture research at home and abroad, this paper attempts to give a systematic summary to the new trends in the cultural geographical research, aiming to be of great help for the cultural geographical research at home.


Elizabeth discusses her experience growing up in this area, describing life during the depression, her education, and her jobs in various clothing stores. John also describes his experience growing up in Asheville during the depression, and discusses the constraints that poverty put on his family. He discusses his experience as a soldier during WWII, and talks about the technical training that he received upon his return from the war as a result of the G. I. Bill. He describes various jobs that he has held through the years. He discusses changes that he has seen in the area over time.


In light of a 600 MW supercritical pressure W-flame boiler,the NOx release characteristics during the combustion of poor-quality anthracite were numerically simulated at the conditions of different pulverized coal concentrations and different over-fire air rates.The results indicate that a large quantity of NOx is generated in the initial burning stage of pulverized coal,at the distance of 2~4 m away from the primary air nozzles.The maximum of NOx in the furnace can be reduced by 16.5% by choosing a reasonable pulverized coal concentration.Compared with the conventional concentration,NOx emissions at furnace exit can be effectively reduced during the combustion of pulverized coal with higher concentration.Over-fire air has great effects on the substance contents and the generation of NOx in the furnace,NOx emissions at furnace exit decrease from 756.0 mg/m3 to 502.9 mg/m3 with the rate of over-fire air increasing from 6% to 15%.


The interim from middle school to uni versity is the great problem for fresh man.The writer analyizes the reaso ns and suggest how Psychology educatio n worker assists them to adapt to the u niversity life in Short time .


Application of 30 direct cotton dyes in aqueous salt solution to amyloid in human tissues yielded different staining patterns. Only dyes with good wool reserve without reactive metal atoms, i.e., dyes which stain cellulose but not proteins or polyamides, colored amyloid selectively without differentiation. Direct dyes for union fabrics, i.e., dyes which color cellulose and protein fibers, stained all tissue structures. The effects of deamination and acetylation on the binding of direct dyes with good wool reserve indicate interaction of these dyes with hydroxyl groups of amyloid. The increase in intensity of staining upon addition of NaCl to the dye solution suggests a nonionic type linkage. According to chemical data on the direct dyeing of cellulose, direct dyes are adsorbed by hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups of the polysaccharide chains and suitable groups in the dye. It seems probable that a similar mechanism is involved in the binding of these dyes by amyloid. The selective staining of amyloid with direct dyes with good wool reserve, which do not color proteins, suggests that the polysaccharide moiety of amyloid may play a major role in the binding of direct dyes.


With the advent of the deep learning method, portrait video stylization has become more popular. In this paper, we present a robust method for automatically stylizing portrait videos that contain small human faces. By extending the Mask Regions with Convolutional Neural Network features (R-CNN) with a CNN branch which detects the contour landmarks of the face, we divided the input frame into three regions: the region of facial features, the region of the inner face surrounded by 36 face contour landmarks, and the region of the outer face. Besides keeping the facial features region as it is, we used two different stroke models to render the other two regions. During the non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) of the animation video, we combined the deformable strokes and optical flow estimation between adjacent frames to follow the underlying motion coherently. The experimental results demonstrated that our method could not only effectively reserve the small and distinct facial features, but also follow the underlying motion coherently.


The romantic love in Jin Yong's novels are mainly derived from the Chinese classics and traditional novels about swordsmen who are usually portrayed in a "one man,several ladies" mode,i.e.each main character possessing three or four wives.These works always end with a happy reunion.Considering the form,Jin Yong's novels do not go beyond this mode,but the characters in his novels emerge with strong modern psychological sense.This renewal of the old form instills new meaning to his novels.More importantly,this way of description makes the romantic stories in his writings appear more suitable for the modern sense.And moreover,most of his love stories ending in tragedy express a different view of love from the traditional novels of this kind.


The considered innovative technology proposes to use alternative energy sources for the process efficiency in low-height construction. The world economy depends on price rises for energy sources and the danger of environmental pollution increases. Geothermal energy is the basic resource saving and environmentally safe renewable heat source that is characterized by inexhaustibility, permanent all the-year-round use, universal prevalence of resources and the ability to replace considerable volumes of traditional energy carriers. The expediency and power efficiency to apply a heat pump with the use of geothermal heat is proved for low-height construction.


ABSTRACT Calculus must evolve or face the prospect of becoming irrelevant. The minimum level of classroom technology now available requires us to rethink the content of our calculus courses. Many of the standard topics have become less important. Other more fundamental mathematical topics can, and should, be emphasized in their place. * Based on a presentation given at the Conference on the Teaching of Calculus held at Harvard University on 12–13 June 1992.


Natural disturbances, such as wildfire, can have significant impacts on geomorphic processes and watershed functions (Moore et al. 2008; Neary et al. 2008; Silins et al. 2009). Incremental effects on many watershed values can also occur, along with delayed recovery, resulting from post-fire land management activities (e.g., salvage harvesting) (Peterson et al. 2009). However, information is very limited regarding the potential impacts of wildfire and salvage harvesting on critical watershed values such as water quantity, water quality, and aquatic ecology. To sustain Canada's forest resources, natural resource managers and policy-makers will need to understand the role of water in forest ecosystems and the likely hydrologic and geomorphic Wildfire and Watershed Hydrology: Key Findings from a Workshop


Neha Dhir explores the trend of victim blaming in incidents of violence against women through her satirical essay. She highlights how high-level politicians have repeatedly indicated that women bear some, if not all, the responsibility if they are assaulted, contributing to the culture which has resulted in India being ranked the fourth most dangerous place for women.


The objective of the paper is to examine whether trade activity intensifies over time as the outcome of signed bilateral trade agreements. Focusing on (the trade component of) the European Neighborhood Policy, the paper conducts an in-depth study of trade activity between the EU and its neighboring countries, attempting to offer a detailed analysis in terms of trade patterns and to investigate whether proximity is combined with higher trade flows, within the framework of a free trade agreement. The analysis utilizes data derived from BACI database and covers the period from 1995 to 2011. The findings of the paper indicate that there is a lot of potential for the expansion of trade activity between the EU and its neighboring countries and accentuate the crucial determinants in this direction.


The title Schiff base, C13H13NO2S, adopts the phenol–imine tautomeric form and reveals an intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond involving the hydroxy group and the imino N atom, forming an S(6) ring. The molecule is highly twisted with respect to the central imine group, which is reflected in the dihedral angle of 67.83 (10)° formed by the thienyl and phenol rings. The crystal packing is characterized by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions.


Objective:To investigate the expression of two kind of immunosuppressive molecules, nonclassical human leucocyte antigen class HLA-G and Fas ligand (FasL), in the conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).Methods:60 cases of ccRCC's formalin-fixed, parafflin embeded surgical specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry. The data were statistically analysed by SPSS software.Results:There was no expression of HLA-G in the normal renal tissue. HLA-G was detected in 40 ccRCC cases ((66.7)%),FasL was detected in 36 cases ((60.0)%). Both the HLA-G and FasL were positive in 31 cases ((51.7)%) and were negative in 15 cases ((25.0)%).Both the HLA-G and FasL expression level were increased after the ccRCC cells invaded the vessel or lymphatic node. The incidence and level of HLA-G were correlated with tumor grade or stage(P(0.01)). The incidence of FasL expression were correlated with the tumor grade (P(0.05))but the level of FasL expression were correlated with the tumor stage (P(0.01)).Conclusions:The expression of HLA-G and FasL were correlated with the tumor stage, grade and metastasis of ccRCC. The mechanisms of high expression of immunosuppressive molecules in the advanced stage ccRCCs were required further investigation.


The revolver of cannon is a kinetic object that rotates and pauses regularly.In its pausing position,a locker device is set symmetrically to precisely and credibly locate the proper position of the revolver.The locating process of the revolver was elaborately analyzed from the view of dynamics theory,and the change laws of impact impulse and loss of energy in this locating process were acquired.Based on them and several other considerations,some methods and means were put forward to reduce impact and improve locating precision in process of revolver location.


There was a time – not very long ago – when every young economist "knew" in what respect the market systems had serious limitations: all the textbooks repeated the same list of "defects". The intellectual rejection of the market mechanism often led to radical proposals for altogether different methods of organizing the world (sometimes involving a powerful bureaucracy and unimagined fiscal burdens), without serious examination of the possibility that the proposed alternatives might involve even bigger failures than the markets were expected to produce. Albania, as a small country and Westen Europe should aim at building economic system according to the requirements of an economy open to European and global market. This should be the economic system that creates a suitable environment for the integration of the Albanian economy in the region and beyond, stimulating economic cooperation and to encourage joint investments with foreign partners. Role of the state should focus on contemporary macro-economic regulation that ensures economic stability and building development policy. From the above, this paper, in addition to focusing on market analysis, the principles on which it is based, its relations with the state, the society, will also reflect the national strate gy for development and integration, which sets priorities and strategic goals government policy, where a prime spot them occupy the economic and social development as a market economy or social policy. In this paper will be also addressed such as:


Ever since 1837, when Carl Ferdinand Becker pointed with Teutonic pride to Kuhnau's first keyboard sonata,l originally published in 1692, various writers have entered claims for this or that keyboard piece as the earliest to be honored by the title of "sonata." Admittedly these claims reflect the disproportionate attention that historians tend to lavish on firsts of any sort. They draw attention away from the first real flowering of the keyboard sonata, which did not take place until about 1740 with the initial publications of Barriere, Martini, Platti, Emanuel Bach, Galuppi, and others. Before then keyboard "sonatas" had appeared only in sporadic issues, since chamber music had been the primary soil in which the Baroque sonata grew. And still earlier, before 1700, the word "sonata," when it actually connoted anything more than its generic meaning of "soundpiece," was often obscured in the confusions of terminology in which all instrumental titles were still involved. On the other hand, one must acknowledge the history of the Baroque sonata to be defined largely by how and when the word itself took on meaning. This gradual semantic process had to start somewhere and ultimately with some "first," however innocent and simple. Add to that argument the great popularity of the keyboard sonata in all music literature, and the curiosity that the earliest keyboard "sonata" has aroused will not seem surprising. The object here is to assemble one chronological checklist of keyboard sonatas before 1740, based on the claims, defenses of protgees, and miscellaneous findings of various scholars, and augmented here and there by facts not hitherto reported. By way of an introduction, the output is surveyed country by country, not chronologically but in reverse order so as better to allow for a few pertinent ramifications of the subject. The sources for most of the information, however, are cited in the checklist rather than the introduction.


Combining with specific engineering case,it introduces plugging construction technology of elevator shaft,respectively expounds construction scheme,preparatory work and construction procedure,and specifically illustrates construction points,relevant quality standards,and safeguard measures,which has certain guiding significance for similar plugging project of elevator shaft.


Seasonal histological and histochemical changes are seen in the testes of the fish Chital, Botia almorhae, studied for 2 years (2000 and 2001) at Kumaun Himalaya A lobular like highly convoluted paired testes of the fish, showed a number of seminiferous lobules with lobular wall. It has germinal epithelium which varied according to the reproductive cycle. Histological structure of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatidss and sperms of testis of Botia almorhae has been studied. The anterior and middle parts of the testis are functional and distal end is non- functional during testicular cycle. Seasonal cycle of fish shows resting phase (mid October to late January), early maturing (late January to February), advance maturing (March to mid April) and mature phases (mid April to August). The spent phase extended from mid August to October in the testis of the fish collected from lotic water (SuyalKosi rivers) of Kumaun Himalaya. Similarly, the histochemical changes in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the testicular cycle and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of Botia almorhae have been recorded in the paper for the first time.


Comprising a plurality of walls defining an interior volume for receiving a plurality of products, at least one of those walls, access doors panels (38, 40), comprising priming region (42), and cutting line (46), the product fraction given container (14) is disclosed. The priming region, so as to form a free edge (62), it is possible to remove from the wall, the access door panel, upon removal of priming region from the wall, at least partially defined by the free edges and the cutting line It is. Product dispensing system includes a disclosure of the container, cutting the container of the cutting line, thereby arranged to release products that are packed from the vessel has been the opening devices and the dispenser (12) comprising a (106).


In order to improve the simulation ability, efficient communication ability and real-time capability of large scale complex product prototype, a task scheduling strategy based on multi core cluster hierarchy characteristics and node conflict cost is designed based on the support and framework constraints of High Performance Computing-Run-Time Infrastructure(HPC-RTI), and the scheduling performance, algorithm performance and communication overhead are compared and tested. The application results show that this strategy not only optimizes the scheduling length, but also significantly reduces the utilization of processing nodes. Secondly, in the task of a large number of multi-core cluster system used to produce better performance, with the communication calculation ratio CCR value increases, The proposed algorithm exhibits better scheduling performance than other algorithms.


PurposeThe authors argue that many core findings are not as established as often assumed in the study of corporate volunteering programs, and they assess this possibility by reporting a meta-analysis of both organizational and employee participation that includes relations with antecedents and outcomes at both organizational and employee levels.Design/methodology/approachThe authors perform a meta-analysis of 57 sources, including 30 peer-reviewed articles, 16 theses/dissertations, 8 unpublished manuscripts, 2 conference presentations and 1 book chapter.FindingsOf the antecedents, organizational size only had a small relation with organizational participation, but the effect of corporate social responsibility orientation was very large on organizational participation. Demographic characteristics as well as personality traits had a small relation with employee participation, whereas the effect of volunteering attitudes was large on employee participation. Of the outcomes, organizational participation did not significantly relate to customer perceptions. Employee participation had nonsignificant or small relations with well-being, commitment, job satisfaction and positive behaviors; however, organizational participation also significantly related to all employee-level outcomes, and the effect was significantly stronger than employee participation for two of four outcomes.Practical implicationsOrganizations can better understand the true influence of corporate volunteering programs, aiding their bottom line and employee well-being.Originality/valueSeveral commonly assumed antecedents and outcomes do not relate to corporate volunteering participation, and future research should be redirected to more influential effects. The authors' discussion highlights theories that may be particularly beneficial for the study of corporate volunteering, including social identity theory and role expansion theory.


This article revisits the Equal Sums problem and considers all possible solutions. Depending on the row/column total, various solutions are possible. Sometimes the value of E is unique, sometimes E is not, and in other cases a value of E is not possible. Looking at all possible row/column totals, surprisingly there is only one value that E cannot represent.


The Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) has conducted a project to establish internationally agreed values for the thermodynamic properties of key chemical substances. This table presents the final results of the project. Use of these recommended, internally consistent values is encouraged in the analysis of thermodynamic measurements, data reduction, and preparation of other thermodynamic tables. The table includes the standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K, the entropy at 298.15 K, and the quantity H ° (298.15 K)-H ° (0). A value of 0 in theD


The current world order is under siege. While this may be a slight exaggeration, there are voices of discontent with the current international system, atop which sits the United Nations as its nucleus. For some, the international community is ill-equipped to address our most pressing challenges, notably the need to balance civil and human rights in an age of terrorism, fear, and division, and the need to protect refugees, who are the real victims of our collective inability to end war and violence. These pressing questions – and many others – are difficult problems for which no easy solution presents itself, but they all center on an important an overarching question: what kind of international community do we want?


This will guide new graduate students in online programs through library's resources & services, and get them started on the research process.


Objective: Prognosis models play a significant role in forecasting the patient's survival in Organ transplantation. To review the impact of machine learning methods in predicting the of survival of patients who undergoes Liver Transplantation using a Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network model with an extensive discussion of all the medical aspects is the key objective of this paper. Methods/Analysis: Medical practitioners studied various parameters during pretransplantation for predicting the survival of a patient. This study considered those parameters and reviewed whether these parameters have any vital part in the survival rate of a patient after Liver Transplantation (LT). This study also compared various scores including Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, Emory score and Child score that are used in survival prediction. Currently the medicinal specialists estimate the outcome of LT with MELD score. We employed a detailed learning about the health aspects of LT and various machine learning techniques used in this area. In order to perform the experimentation, the dataset was congregated from the United Network for Organ Sharing transplant database (n = 65534). With the three layer architecture, the model trains the attributes of donors, recipient and transplantation using back propagation algorithm. 10-fold cross validation was applied in each training and test set before training. During the training process, the appropriate donor-recipient pairs were found out and obtained the best liver patient survival in transplantation. Findings: We conducted a comprehensive study about LT for the liver patient survival prediction. We proposed a Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network model to predict the survival rate after LT with 99.74% accuracy using United Network Organ Sharing registry. We also compared the performance of proposed model with existing models and proved that proposed model produced more accuracy than other models. Novelty/Improvement: The multilayer perceptron model succeeded clinical scores in terms of high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Machine learning techniques show better performance than conservative numerical methods in donor, recipient and transplantation attributes which are used to predict the survival. Due to less expensive and producing reliable solutions with rich datasets, machine learning techniques have been succeeded the conventional statistical methods and medical scoring systems. The proposed model predicts a promising accuracy for the prediction of best survival rates after.


This dissertation concerns the pseudo-differential operators of type 1,1. These have been known especially since around 1980, when it was shown that they play an important role in the treatment of fully non-linear partial differential equations. First an account of the historical development in the area is given, including fundamental contributions due to G. Bourdaud and L. H\"ormander in 1988-89, with concise remarks on the authors contributions. Secondly a detailed exposition is given of the systematic theory of type 1,1-operators, based on the general definition of such operators proposed by the author in 2008. This includes an account of how the previous extensions are generalised hereby. Moreover, the conjecture from 1978 by C. Parenti and L. Rodino that type 1,1-operators are pseudo-local is proved in this framework. It is also analysed how such operators can change the support and the spectrum of the functions they act on. Furthermore, the question of which temperate distributions such operators have in their domains have been extensively treated, and departing from H\"ormander's analysis of the operators fulfilling the twisted diagonal condition or, more generally, belong to the self-adjoint subclass, such operators are shown to be everywhere defined. Finally the paradifferential splittings and the resulting boundedness in Lp Sobolev spaces, and the more general Besov and Lizorkin--Triebel spaces, are amply discussed.


Objective To evaluate the effect of vitrectmny for severe ocular trauma. Methods Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 48 eyes of 48 cases with severe ocular trauma, including 28 cases with perforation, 12 cases with eyeball contusion, and 8 cases with intraoeular foreign body. The intraoeular pressure (IOP) and vision were measured preoperatively, 1 week and 3 months postoperatively. The results were compared. Results Comparing with the preoperative one, the lOP of 6.0 ~ 9.5 mmHg, 10.0 - 21.0 mmHg, and 21.5 - 34.0 mmHg group manifested significant difference 3 months after surgery. The number of patients with too high or low IOP reduced, and the number with normal intraocular pressure increased. In postoperative 1 week and 3 months, the percentage of patient with no light perception was 37.50% and light perception 31.25%, and it were significantly lower than the preoperative one (81.25% ). The visual acuity which was hand movement to 0.2 accounted for 62.50% and 68.75% respectively, which were significantly higher than the preoperative one ( 18.75% ). The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Vitrectomy has a good effect on severe ocular trauma, and can effectively reduce the IOP and improve visual acuity.

Key words:
Trauma, ocular,severe;  Vitrectomy;  Effect


The largest abalone in South Africa, the perlemoen, Haliotis midae, occurs along approximately twothirds of the country's coastline, but has only been the target of an extensive commercial fishery in the south-western part of South Africa. Large-scale illegal fishing has however proliferated throughout its entire range over the last 10–15 years, which has had serious effects on stock abundance and once productive populations are facing economic collapse. Abalone stock enhancement has been put forward as an addition or alternative to traditional fisheries management practices, which can potentially rehabilitate overfished abalone populations and enhance natural production. The aim of this project was to investigate the potential of abalone stock enhancement for managing an area in the Eastern Cape Province, which was being subjected to intense illegal fishing pressure. A research approach was adopted to investigate the scale and effects of this poaching and to investigate the survival of artificially cultured abalone seed in the natural environment. A model of a commercial-scale ranching operation was investigated to assess the economic feasibility of such a scheme. Analysis of poaching cases and research samples from Cape Recife indicated high levels of fishing effort that appeared to be causing the observed declines in emergent abalone abundance and average size. Poaching cases from Cape Recife contributed 32% of the total number of cases of known origin in the Eastern Cape Province from 1998–2002, with the majority of the cases (82%) originating from within the Port Elizabeth metropole. There was an exponential increase in the number of poaching cases in the Eastern Cape Province (r=0.967) and Port Elizabeth over this period but actual annual total catch stabilized, particularly at Cape Recife, where estimates of CPUE declined significantly from 2000–2002 (p<0.001). The annual proportion of emergent abalone under the MLS from Cape Recife was always >85% in confiscations and research collections, and did not change significantly over the period of examination. Comparison of illegal catches with an adjacent site indicated that the emergent abalone population at Cape Recife had a significantly higher proportion of undersized emergent animals (p<0.001) and they were significantly smaller than the abalone from the closest site, Noordhoek, and other areas in Port Elizabeth from 2000–2002 (p<0.001). The apparent declines in emergent abalone abundance indicated by the poaching data were corroborated by sampling of emergent abalone abundance at Cape Recife. Numbers of abalone declined significantly from 125.6 to 53.8 per 20min count (p<0.001), from April 1998–October 2001 and density declined from 1.3 to 0.8m over a similar period (p<0.001). Juvenile density did not change over this period, although there were significant differences in density observed between two different habitats (p<0.001). Initial releases of cultured juvenile abalone showed that they could be distinguished from their wild counterparts for at least a year after release, by their different shell colouration. Short-term, small-scale trials (7–10 days) using animals between 17 and 30mm SL had mean survival rates of 64–82% (mean


Accounting systems include all forms of management information systems that help collect, record, store, and also provide financial accounting information within a company in the process of accounting transactions. Distro Sunrise is one of the Small and Medium Micro Enterprises (MSMEs) located at Jl. Sawunggalih No. 142B Semawung Daleman Village Kutoarjo District engaged in trade by selling apparel. Based on the analysis that has been done, Sunrise Distro does not have a system of recording inventory, including procedures for recording and spending goods in warehouses that result in the unavailability of valid information about stock cards from merchandise inventory. This research aims to implement a trading inventory accounting system on Kutoarjo Sunrise Distro. The data analysis technique used in this study is a quantitative descriptive data analysis technique. Data collection techniques with interviews, documents and literature studies. Use accurate accounting application version 4. This application is expected to facilitate the recording and processing of stock data for merchandise inventory. Data collection techniques are interviews, documents and literature studies. The results of the study in the form of the proposed implementation of accurate accounting application Version 4 consisting of inventory stock card reports, sales reports, purchase reports and reports as reports


Interaction of fires with water have been a focus of study for human kind from the times immemorial. With the recent advances in water-based suppression, and restrictions put on halon usage, sprinklers and water-mist based fire suppression systems have become popular for industrial usage. Of this water mist is an interesting candidate, for it has advantages and to name a few would be less water requirement, non-wetting nature, gas phase action on fire. Water mist, as an effective fire suppressant, works on the principle of oxygen dilution and flame cooling. In this work, we are studying the action of water mist on a diffusion flame. The water mist was generated from a Delavan nozzle, fed with high pressure water, which is then directed downward into the raising flame. A circular burner fed with Methane in a controlled manner generated the diffusion flame. The reason to prefer a gas burner is to have a control over heat release rate which will help in simulating various fuel sources of different burning rate. A glass cubicle was used to isolate the experiments from ambient disturbances. A Digital SLR camera was used to record the flame and subsequently the images were processed to obtain flame height. Particle Image Velocimetry was used to study the effect of the flame on the water mist., by imaging the Mie scattered laser light from the droplets. Parameters that were varied were the injection pressure and flow rate of the Methane into the burner. Visual imaging from the camera indicated that there were occasional flame tip flattening during the suppression mechanism. The flame luminosity is diminished and the diffusion flame height is reduced due to the action of the water mist. Moreover, this effect is more pronounced for smaller flame than larger flame, indicating the role of the buoyancy in fire suppression effectiveness. The PIV results show that the droplets are slowed down very close to the nozzle due to the flame. Also, a recirculation zone is observed at the periphery of the spray cone, very close to the nozzle. It is a toroidal vortex that is generated due to the interaction, and the droplets thrown away from the spray cone gets trapped into this flow. The flow structure is present in a highly turbulent region and is identified in the mean field. Another finding is that close to the burner, fine droplets that could make it to the base, gets entrained into the flame. It is expected that the droplets tend to be entrained into the larger flame, as the entrainment is stronger for large flame, compared to the smaller flame. But the PIV results indicate otherwise, which is attributed to the larger size of droplets making its way close to the burner. We believe that these results will enlarge our understanding of the suppression mechanism of water mist and could form a basis for validating various simulation models.


This paper considers how to respond to new requirements for adequate disclosure of the schools' performance to the public. It proposes the use of three powerful constructs--quality control, quality assurance, and an independent educational accomplishment audit (IEAA). The essential elements of quality control are agreeing on and specifying desired outcomes of instruction (the standards), translating the desired outcomes into measurable objectives or verifiable proxy experiences (the design), formally comparing what is actually happening with what was intended (the evaluation for conformance to design), deciding what is required to be done to achieve conformance to design (the control plan), and doing what is required when such action is feasible (the control action). The agenda of quality assurance is the organization's quality control program. An IEAA is an audit, of program accomplishment, in output terms, done by an outside agency. The audit would consider the quality control in a program and the program's cost-effectiveness. The intention of an audit must be viewed as positive and necessary if organizations are to learn and change for the better. Ideally, the net effect of an educational audit will be an emergence of an increasing number of success strategies. (Author/IRT) *********************************************************************** * Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS) . EDRS is not * * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. * ***********************************************************************


A case is presented of isolated renal histoplasmosis in a Nagasaki woman who died of pulmonary tuberculosis following massive X‐ray therapy for squamous carcinoma of the mouth. No primary pulmonary lesion was identified. While the patient's history includes a 40 year residence in malaysia and a brief internment in New Delhi where a few cases of histoplasmosis have been reported, she had been in Japan for 16 years prior to her death. In view of the presently‐known absence of viability of Histoplasma in old primary foci, it was concluded that the infection was acquired in Japan and represents the first case of H. capsulatum infection reported from Japan.


Minorities have a substantially increased risk of developing schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder that is characterised by a distorted perception of reality. This dissertation supports the hypothesis that social exclusion can literally make people sick. A population study revealed that discrimination can increase the risk of psychotic episodes in homosexuals. A potential biological mechanism was also discovered: higher levels of the messenger substance dopamine were detected in the brains of a socially isolated group, in this case young people with hearing difficulties. These young people were also more susceptible to experiencing social anxiety in their daily lives. Contrary to expectations, this susceptibility to stress was not found in men of Dutch-Moroccan descent, despite this minority group being at an increased risk of developing schizophrenia.


Recent excavations for buildings on the east side of Nottingham have afforded opportunities for observing the true character and development of the conglomerate at the base of the Lower Keuper, which did not exist when this district was visited by the Government Geological Survey. The fact that no fair equivalent of the Muschelkalk of Germany has been met with in England lends an interest to the beds at the junction of the Lower Keuper and the Upper Bunter which they would probably not otherwise possess. Thus the Geological Survey paid special attention to the scanty exposures of this junction that happened to exist twenty years ago in this part. The best section to be seen at that time, near Nottingham, was in a lane leading from the Mansfield turnpike road, a mile north of the town, to the Mapperley Hills, and is thus described by Mr. Aveline in his memoir on the Nottingham district (Sheet 71, N.E.):—"Near the bottom of the lane there are beds of coarse sandstone [Upper Bunter] slightly consolidated, with pebbles of various coloured quartz, quartz-rock, and other sandstones. There is no good bedding visible in this conglomerate, and lying on it there are thin and regularly-bedded fine sandstones of a red colour. This is the bottom of the Lower Keuper beds, and the line between the two formations is well marked, there being an apparent unconformity. There is about twelve feet of this red sandstone, and above it three to four feet of soft red loam, then a thin bed of coarse light sandstone, above this a bed of sand and marl, with some small pebbles of quartz, then alternations of dark and light-brown soft sandstone of various thickness, and red marly shale, which pass up into the Upper Keuper red marly shale with thin beds of white sandstone."


Didn't we teach this generation of students that chemists (good chemists) took the lead out and made it unnecessary? So why do gasoline companies continue to remind us of chemists' past mistakes? Do they think this sells more gasoline?


Allowing buyers and sellers of S corporation stock to choose whether to close the corporation's books leads to increased transaction costs. Inaccurate reporting can occur if the parties choose not to close the books. Mandatory closing of the books, or a default rule of closing the books coupled with mandatory closing for extraordinary items, would decrease transaction costs and improve accuracy.


Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/ sodium citrate-enwrapped gold nanoparticles(PDDA/Au NPs) composite molecular films were prepared by molecular deposition(MD)method,which is used to assemble the monolayer and multilayer films in nanoscale by way of intermolecular electrostatic forces. The encapsulated gold nanoparticles with about 8.4,nm in diameter assembled in the films were fabricated by sodium citrate reduction of gold chloride in ultrasonic field using sodium borohydride as a catalyst. The surface plasmon absorption of the gold colloid solution centered at 526,nm,and the average radius of the nanoparticles was determined by the laser granularity equipment. The uniform struc- ture of the films was analyzed by ultraviolet-visible(UV)spectroscopy and the nanotribological properties of them were examined by atomic force microscope(AFM). It was found that these films had a much smaller friction force than their substrates and the friction force of the tri-layer film was smaller than that of the other multilayer films. Wear mark became apparent until the scan cycles were more than 30. The fine and compact surface texture of the MD film deposited on the sub- strate became loose under the action of the shear force of the tip. And the nanoparticles enwrapped in the film tended to stake, which resulted in the increase of the surface roughness of the film. Moreover,the friction force and the wear depth increased in a small range with the increase of the scan cycles. However,two kinds of abnormal phenomena were observed during experiment. One is the film peeling off under the action of the shear force. The other is the packing of the nanoparti- cles happened and the thickness of the wear surface was larger than that of the unworn surface.


I argue that the theological traditions of natural law and wisdom offer helpful meeting points in discussions about evolutionary "purpose" and contingency in relation to theological purpose, and serve to form the basis for a theology of nature. Natural law offers a way of describing the ordered action of God toward complexity in a contingent world without using the language of either "design" or "progress." The theological tradition of wisdom as implicit in the natural world, learned in the human community, and received as gift of grace offers a further means of interconnecting biological reality with spiritual experience, while retaining distinctions. Wisdom and natural law intersect inasmuch as natural law is participation in Eternal Wisdom, although the latter makes sense only from the prior perspective of faith.


[Objective]This study aimed to understand the occurrence and damages of insect pests species in red bayberry in order to provide basis for pest control in red bayberry production in Guiyang. [Method]From 2010 to 2011, fixed-location and fixed-time investigations were conducted on red bayberry insect pests species and collected species samples were identified. [Result]There were 21 species of red bayberry insect pests identified in Guiyang region, which belonged to 16 families of 6 insecta orders. Damages from various species of insect pests exhibited different characteristics and degree of injuries. [Conclusion]According to the investigation results, there were 3 species of insect pests causing serious damages and 3 species of insect pests causing secondary serious damages; all other species caused only negligible damages. To control the insect pests species causing serious damages, field comprehensive prevention and control technology were puts forward. During the production process, different insect pests should be controlled according to their corresponding occurrence and damage characteristics, the cultivation and management of red bayberry should be strengthened to improve the pest resistant ability of red bayberry trees. At the same time, reasonably using agricultural prevention methods, biological prevention methods, trapping control methods, chemical control methods, and other comprehensive prevention and control measures could ensure the healthy and sustainable development of red bayberry production industry.


Recently, there has been demand for polymeric porous membranes in various fields, such as environmental engineering, pharmaceutics, tissue engineering, drug delivery, biology, and fuel cells. In this study, it is proposed that a polymer particle-based porous membrane can be fabricated using electrospraying and sintering processes. Electrospraying can fabricate polymeric particles with diameters ranging from several micrometers to tens of nanometers without the cumbersome particle aggregation problem. Additionally, the particles can be sintered through thermo-compression under the glass transition temperature. In this study, a polymethyl methacrylate particle-based porous membrane with an average pore size of less than 500 nm is fabricated using the proposed method.


This study examined the impact of the contextual environment of the family on post abuse adjustment of sexually abused adolescents. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory was used to investigate how the external influences of the family impact the capacity of families to foster the recovery of sexually abused adolescents. The results from this secondary analysis of data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being Wave I (NSCAW, Dowd et al., 2002) support contextually sensitive treatment planning for sexually abused adolescents and their families.


KINESIOLOGY, 2012, 14(2): 61-71. The Effect of Age and Weight on Equilibrium Function Changes in Women . [INTRODUCTION] To assess the influence of age and weight on equilibrium function in women and the comparison of the balance performance in age decade, and research of significantly decrease start age. [METHOD] Healthy individuals (n=328) were divided over-weight(BMI ≥ 25.0 kg · m 2 ) n=166 and normal weight(BMI ≤ 25.0 kg · m 2 ) n=163, adult female subjected participated in the study, and dependent variable test was performed for balance test using Biodex medical system SD(USA). And static balance and dynamic test were performed under standing on both feet, left foot, and right foot independently. [RESULTS] It appears that overweight group showed lower test scores for dynamic and static balance tests than normal weight group in all age groups. Dynamic and static balance become lower as age increases, but balance shows significant degradation over age of 50 and up regardless of weight. [CONCLUSION] Overweight becomes a factor for lower balance, and it is true that age of 50 and ups have to pay special attention to prevent from fall due to significant loss of balance at that age.


In this paper we study the regularity properties of fractional maximal operators acting on $BV$-functions. We establish new bounds for the derivative of the fractional maximal function, both in the continuous and in the discrete settings.


We investigated the effects of audiovisual semantic congruency on recognition memory performance. It has been shown previously that memory performance is better for semantically congruent stimuli that are presented together in different modalities (e.g., a dog's bark with a picture of the dog) during encoding, compared to stimuli presented together with an incongruent or non-semantic stimulus across modalities. We wanted to clarify whether this congruency effect is also present when the effects of response bias and uncertainty of stimulus type are removed. The participants memorized auditory or visual stimuli (sounds, spoken words or written words), which were either presented with a semantically congruent stimulus in the other modality or presented alone during encoding. This experimental paradigm allowed us to utilize signal detection theory in performance analysis. In addition, it enabled us to eliminate possible effects caused by intermingling congruent stimuli with incongruent or non-semantic stimuli, as previously done in other studies. The memory of sounds was facilitated when accompanied by semantically congruent pictures or written words, in comparison to sounds presented in isolation. The memory of spoken words was facilitated by semantically congruent pictures. However, written words did not facilitate memory of spoken words, or vice versa . These results suggest that semantically congruent verbal and non-verbal visual stimuli presented in tandem with auditory counterparts, can enhance the precision of auditory encoding, except when the stimuli in each modality are both verbal.


Objective To explore the clinical effects of the two treatment methods with PFNA and DHS in the treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures(IFF).Methods One hundred and two cases with IFF,according to the methods of treatment,were evenly divided into PFNA group in which the patients received PFNA treatment and DHS group in which the patients received DHS treatment.The operations and complications of the patients in both groups were compared.Results Compared with the PFNA group,the patients in the DHS group received more of exposure the X-ray;had less blood loss,shorther postoperative ambulation time,hospitalization days,fractures healing time and cut.There was no statistical differences in the operation time,Harris coxa joint function scores and complication incidence (P0.05).There was no statistical significance in complication incidence rate(P0.05).The limps shortening of the patients in the PFNA group was better than that of the patients in the DHS group (P0.01).Conclusion PFNA treatment which has obvious advantages of simple operation,less operative blood loss and fewer complications is a safe and effective treatment and is worthy of clinical application.


Diagnostic value of CSF biomarkers in the comparison between subjects with ND and control subjects. Table S2. Diagnostic value of CSF biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of prion disease, AD, and FTLD. Figure S1. ROC analysis of CSF biomarkers in the comparison between prion disease and AD. Figure S2. ROC analysis of CSF biomarkers in the comparison between atypical prion disease and other atypical/rapidly progressive NDs. Figure S3. ROC analysis of CSF biomarkers in the comparison between atypical prion disease and atypical/rapidly progressive AD. (DOCX 1967 kb)


Objective To study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of IL-6 reduced by the early shortlime veno-venous hemodialysis (BVVH) for the treatmnent of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Method One hundred and seventy-eight cases with SAP,in depagtment of general surgery,the Third People Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,were divided inlo hemodialysis group (HF,85 cases) and non-hemodialysis group (NHF,93 cases).The local and systemic manifestations,APACHE Ⅱ scores,average hospitalizing stay,mean cost of therapy,morbidity of MODS and the mortality of patients were compared between two groups.And the concentration of serum inflammatory factor IL-6 was assayed at different observation intervals.All data were managed by SPSS software and analyzed by using SNK-q test or X2 test.Results The duration for abdominal pain and distension in patiergs of HF group was (18.8+=4.2) h vs.(89.7±28.1) h in those of NHF group,P<0.05.The APACHE Ⅱ scores at the 10th day were (5.5±3.6) vs.(13.8±3.8) (P<0.05).The average hospitalizing stay and the mean costs of medical care were (28.2+ 12.4) d vs.(42.4+11.2) d and (43800±28000) vs.(74600±22000) RMB(P<0.05) respectively.The concontrafion of serum inflammatory factor IL-6 in HF group decreased significantly(P<0.05) in comparison with those in NHF group.And the morbidity such as MODS and the mortality in HF group were significantly less than those in NHF group(P<0.05).Conclusions By BWH,the excessive release of serum inflammatory factor IL-6 could he removed at early stage of SAP.So,it could result in an improving on the severity of the disease and raise the therapeutic efficacy.

Key words:
Pancreas; Inflananation; Hemedialysis; lntedeukin-6(IL-6)


Xylose is the second major fermentable sugar present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, so its fermentation is essential for the economic con- version of lignocellulose to ethanol. However, the traditional ethanol production strain Sacch- aromyces cerevisiae does not naturally use xy-lose as a substrate. A number of different ap-proaches have been used to engineer yeasts to reconstruct the gene background of S. cerevi- siae in recent years. The recombinant strains showed better xylose fermentation quality by comparison with the natural strains. This review examines the research on S. cerevisiae strains that have been genetically modified or adapted to ferment xylose to ethanol from three aspects including construction of xylose transportation, xylose-metabolic pathway and inhibitor toler-ance improvement of S. cerevisiae.


Agalactia is characterized by reduced milk production after farrowing, resulting in economic losses due to increased piglet mortality. Although a variety of management factors have been associated with the etiology of agalactia, a specific causative mechanism has not been identified. Since clinical signs of agalactia develop in the days following farrowing, the objective of the current study was to determine if periparturient immune cell profiles and circulating biomarkers are predictive of future agalactia. Blood samples and litter weights were collected from sows (n = 374) within 24-36 hours after farrowing (timepoint 1) and sows were subsequently monitored for symptoms of agalactia and gaunt piglets. When a sow was designated as agalactic (n = 36) blood samples and litter weights were collected again (timepoint 2) and also from a parity matched healthy control sow (n = 46) of the same day of lactation. Agalactia diagnosis occurred on average 9.25 ± 2.67 d after farrowing. Average daily gain (ADG) of piglets from agalactic sows was 55% less (P < 0.01) than ADG of piglets from controls. Additionally, piglet mortality was substantially greater (P < 0.01) in litters from agalactic sows compared with controls. Circulating immune cells and metabolites were determined. Cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and globulin were increased 22.3, 17.8, and 34.1%, respectively, in agalactic compared with control sows at timepoint 2 (P ≤ 0.01). Aspartate aminotransferase tended to increase in agalactic sows compared with control at timepoint 1 (P = 0.08). No differences in immune cell profiles were observed between agalactic and control sows at either timepoint (P ≥ 0.14). Collectively, these data suggest metabolic changes are occurring in sows experiencing agalactia compared with healthy herd mates, but that very few of the metrics analyzed at timepoint 1 predicted future agalactia. This project was supported by Zoetis; TI-07023.


The comparison of growth order of two different algebroid functions is studied provided that they have some common value-points.It is proved that their growth order and lower order are equal respectively if the number of the sets of their common value-points attain certain number.


We compare the performance of net wealth and income taxes in a macroeconomic model with two types of agents: poor households, which are credit constrained, and unconstrained wealthier households. The wealth tax does promote greater wealth and consumption equality, and often results in less volatility than an income tax. It performs abysmally, however, under any reasonable social welfare function because its steady state exhibits too little consumption, too few government expenditures, and too much labor supply. The resulting welfare loss of using a wealth tax instead of an income tax is equivalent to forgoing as much as 50% of steady state consumption. Our results are robust to whether taxation is flat or progressive, whether tax revenue is used to finance a public good or to provide transfer payments, and to whether the capital stock is fixed or endogenous. Furthermore, if a wealth tax endogenously responds to either income or wealth inequality, then it frequently results in indeterminacy of equilibrium.