Because of the irregularform of the cross-section of viscose rayon fibers, measurement of the fiber-thickness at a given point, where reterdation is measured for determination of the degree of birefringence (D. B.) is generally difficult. Although a few methods of mensuration have been applied to measure the fiber-thickness, a more accurate one was presented determined in this paper as follows: by cutting the end of a fiber at 45° angle, turning the fiber exactly 90° angle round the fiber axis under a microscope, and then measuring the fiber-thickness at the part where the retardation was measured.Assuming that thickness of skin along the cross-section is constant, and also the D. B. of skin and core are uniform in themselves, D. B. of skin and core parts of a fiber was determined from the difference between D. B. of the major axis direction of the fiber and that of the minor axis direction, respectively and the following results were obtained;(1) As D. B. of the skin part increased, strength, Young's modulus beyond yield point and height of yield point of the fibers increased, and on the other hand, elongation, knot, loop-, and bending strength decreased.(2) D. B. of the core part has no influence on the above-mentioned physical properties of the fibers.(3) The so-called apparent D. B. is dependent upon D. B. of the skin parts.


Abstract GaAs-(GaAI)As single quantum wells have been grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy along the (113) direction on GaAs substrates. The influence of this growth conditions on the electronic structure is examined from reflectivity data taken at 2K under in plane (110) uniaxial stress. An adapted version of the Enveloppe Function Method has been used, in order to calculate the hole confinement energies and valence subbands dispersion relations, which are compared to the case of (001)-growth.


Ten years later : Teachers: views of their profession. : Paper to be presented at the Annual Conference of the European Educational Research Association, Lisbon, September 2002


The invention relates to a self-screwing type intestinal and stomachic nutrition drainage tube, which comprises a tube body and a joint, wherein the interior of the tube body is a hollow cavity, and the joint is connected with the tube body and is used for supplying medicines and/or nutrient substances. The self-screwing type intestinal and stomachic nutrition drainage tube is characterized in that one end of the tube body, which is connected with the joint, is a linear tube body part, the other of the tube body is a spiral tube body part, the tail end of the spiral tube body part is provided with a seal head, and the inner surface of the tube body is provided with a drainage ultra-smooth coating layer. In the invention, the spiral tube body part enters the intestinal canal part through pylorus under the wriggle of stomach and intestines; only small stimulation can be caused to mucosa of nasal cavity and the stomach and intestines when the tube is inserted, and the injury is small; the two sides of the seal head are provided with drainage holes, so that the nutrient liquid can conveniently flow out, and the tube is not easy to block; as guide wires are arranged, the tube is conveniently inserted; simultaneously, radial detectability is provided, and the development effect is good; and the defects that in the existing guide tube, the blocking is easy to cause, large stimulation is caused to patients, the tube inserting is difficult, the successful rate of the tube inserting is low, and the like can be overcome.


The p14ARF protein is a well‐known regulator of p53‐dependent and p53‐independent tumor‐suppressive activities. In unstressed cells, p14ARF is predominantly sequestered in the nucleoli, bound to its nucleolar interaction partner NPM. Upon genotoxic stress, p14ARF undergoes an immediate redistribution to the nucleo‐ and cytoplasm, where it promotes activation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Here, we identify p14ARF as a novel interaction partner and substrate of PRMT1 (protein arginine methyltransferase 1). PRMT1 methylates several arginine residues in the C‐terminal nuclear/nucleolar localization sequence (NLS/NoLS) of p14ARF. In the absence of cellular stress, these arginines are crucial for nucleolar localization of p14ARF. Genotoxic stress causes augmented interaction between PRMT1 and p14ARF, accompanied by arginine methylation of p14ARF. PRMT1‐dependent NLS/NoLS methylation promotes the release of p14ARF from NPM and nucleolar sequestration, subsequently leading to p53‐independent apoptosis. This PRMT1‐p14ARF cooperation is cancer‐relevant and indicative for PDAC (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) prognosis and chemotherapy response of pancreatic tumor cells. Our data reveal that PRMT1‐mediated arginine methylation is an important trigger for p14ARF's stress‐induced tumor‐suppressive function.


Expanding your indexing business? Considering a new subject area, such as computer books? Beginning computer-book indexers probably have several questions: What are computer books? How do they differ from academic works? Where is the market? Who is the audience? How difficult are they? Do I have the technical expertise required to understand and index them? Are there any tips and tricks for indexing them? What are the best tools for the job? How much money can I make? What resources are available? This article describes a process for indexing computer books that strikes a balance between cost and quality, allowing the indexer to face stacks of technical, and perhaps, unfamiliar material, and index it in an orderly and logical manner.


A new species of Moenkhausia is described from the upper rio Negro basin, Amazonas, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners, except M. agnesae, by presenting a color pattern characterized by the presence of two irregularly-shaped humeral blotches, and the presence of dark longitudinal stripes on the dorsal portion of the body. The new species can be readily separated from M. agnesae by presenting longitudinal stripes straight and more conspicuous dorsally, humeral blotches contacting each other, 2-3 tricuspid maxillary teeth, 32-35 lateral-line scales, and length of maxilla 45.3-51.0% in head length.


The Covid-19 pandemic necessitated an abrupt shift to emergency remote teaching and learning (ERT&L) in higher education institutions across the globe. In this shift, assessment and feedback, widely regarded as the heart of student learning experiences and a gauge of quality teaching pre Covid-19, became a major source of discontent and challenge for students and staff. In this paper, we present our reflections of observed and reported practices of assessment by staff and students, from the vantage point of our roles as facilitators of various professional development initiatives within our institution. We suggest that the challenges experienced during ERT&L reveal the entrenched view of assessment as gatekeeping and conceptions of quality as exceptional. We further contend that assessment strategies based on such a view during ERT&L may have further marginalized and disadvantaged students faced with digital/technological, economic, and socio-cultural access issues. However, we also highlight that despite the challenges for students and staff, the experience may have broadened lecturers' views of their role in addressing the ongoing social justice challenges of access, and the power of sustainable assessment practices to unsettle inequalities within higher education.


Objective:To study the effect of Co-Lingzhijiangtang capsule on the lipid metabolism in blood of typeⅡ melituria rats.Method:To make the model of typeⅡmelituria rats with feeding hyper-lipid fodder and injecting a small dosage STZ to intraperitoneum.And then the modle rats were divided into seven groups and administered.After administration the blood samples were taken to determine their blood LDL-C,HDL-C,and FFA.Results:Compaed with control group,the capsule had obvious effects on lowering LDL-C,FFA and higher blood HDL-C after administration for one month.Conclusion:The Co-lingzhijiangtang Capsule may be an effective medicine to treat typeⅡdiabetes mellitus.


Focal pointsThe purpose of the study was to explore community pharmacy's contributions in supporting self-care of people with LTCsCurrent services to support self-care are fragmented and product-centred, and may not fully engage the whole pharmacy teamThere is a need for more integrated and coherent approaches to delivering support services to people with long term conditions in the community pharmacyIntroductionSelf-care support has emerged as a holistic approach of supporting people with long-term conditions (LTCs) and reducing its burden on healthcare professionals (HCPs)1. Community pharmacy currently provides essential, advanced and enhanced services to support people with LTCs. Community pharmacy's role in supporting self-care of LTCs is primarily provided through services around medication reviews and medicines management. The overall aim of this study was to explore the roles and contributions of community pharmacy in supporting self-care for people with LTCs.MethodsThe study is part of a larger exploratory qualitative research programme involving community pharmacists, primary care doctors and nurses, and people living with LTCs. Community pharmacists were recruited by purposive sampling from England (Greater Manchester) and Scotland (Glasgow, Tayside) between January and March 2013. Participants were selected to allow for maximal variation2 in pharmacy types (multiples and independents), location (urban, rural, supermarket), area (deprived, affluent, mixed) and pharmacist demographics (ethnicity, age, gender). Semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face at participants? places of work or other agreed location. The topic guide evolved iteratively and focused on questions around approaches in managing and supporting people with LTCs, definition/description of self-care, practices and challenges for holistically supporting self-care, and roles of other pharmacy support staff. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and data were managed using the QSR NVIVO software (version 10). Data analysis was thematic using template analysis technique. NHS Research Ethics and R&D approvals were obtained.ResultsInterviews were conducted with 24 community pharmacists (12 in England, 12 in Scotland). All participants gave detailed accounts of how they support people with LTCs, and the roles and contribution of other pharmacy support staff. Well established medications related services such as the chronic medication service (CMS) in Scotland and medicines use reviews (MUR) and new medicines service (NMS) in England were the main ways that pharmacists support people with LTCs. These services tended to focus mainly on how medications should be used safely and effectively, while lifestyle and behaviour change interventions were not targeted during consultations, but only discussed opportunistically. Services that target lifestyle changes such as stop smoking and weight management services were mostly delivered by other trained support staff and were often completely separate from MURs, NMS and CMS consultations. In addition, pharmacists did not always fully appreciate the roles that other support staff could play in supporting people with LTCs. For example, with home delivery services, they did not readily recognize their delivery drivers as a part of their support staff, although most acknowledged that the drivers often form unique relationships with patients and are sometimes the only social contact for some of them and hence, may potentially become ?self-care messengers?.ConclusionThis study suggests that current community pharmacy services that support people with LTCs are mostly fragmented and product-centred and are not optimally positioned to meet the needs of patients. Preliminary findings indicated that community pharmacy needs to plan and provide integrated and coherent approaches to supporting self-care. These approaches should go beyond individual episodes of medicines related activities, and involve all grades of staff interacting with an individual patient or carer. This paper only represents the views of pharmacists, but planned work will explore the views of people with LTCs and other healthcare professionals.References1.?De Silver, D., Evidence: helping people help themselves. A review of the evidence considering whether it is worthwhile to support self-management. 2011, The Health Foundation: London.2.?Creswell, J.W., Qualitative inquiry & research design: choosing among five approaches. 2006, SAGE Publications, Inc. Thousand Oaks, California


The quality of ambulance transport of critically ill and wounded patients between rural hospitals and a referral centre (so called secondary transport) is studied. The study group comprised all patients transported in the course of one year from a rural hospital in the southwestern part of the Netherlands to a centre hospital in Rotterdam. Their records were reviewed retrospectively. A distinction was made between patients whose vital functions were acutely threatened before transport and patients in whom this was not the case. Results show that 24% of all patients were transferred inadequately. The inadequately transferred patients all belonged to the group in whom vital functions were acutely threatened. Frequently occurring shortcomings concerned oxygenation and intravenous lines. It is concluded that medical assistance by a specialist is indicated with all secondary transports, because it is difficult to predict if vital functions will be threatened during transport. (A)


The methodology to design initial blanks considering the reduction of both springback and flange trimming amounts is studied. Three dimensional forming analysis of a trial blank Is first carried out using FEM and the tentative Initial blank shape is then determined by cutting the outer edge of the t...


Cherry is of high nutrition and 88 % of cherry fruit is edible. It containes 85.5 % water, 7 %~11.9 % sugar, 1 % organic acid, 11 % protein, and 0.6 % ash content. Per 100 g cherry fruit containes 10 mg Vitamin C, 3.0~4.0 mg VB1, and 7.0~7.42 VB2 . Quality cherry health wine was developed with cherry fruit as the main raw materials and grape wine yeast as fermenting microbe. (Tran. by YUE Yang)


Energy-saving backflow preventers with double discs consists of valve body,valve disc,valve ports,outlet pepe,body inlet pipe and the cabinet installed between inlet pipe,whose discs are made of 2 opposite plain gates installed in the cabinet which can be opened or closed by a diaphragm chamber pushingpulling device driven by water power automatically.They are of simple structure,low loss of waterhead,reliability and stabilization,safety and saving-energy,cheap cost and easy automatic operation.


PURPOSE: An EC(Electronic Commerce) system and method is provided to determine a winner among plural participators via a game and to enable the winner to purchase a commodity at a price corresponding to a round game participation right while giving the winner a game participation right. CONSTITUTION: The system comprises plural terminals(100), a payment system(110), a delivery system(120), a call center and ARS(Automatic Response Service) system(140), an interface server(150), a mail server(160), an SMS(Short Message Service) system(170), a data processing server(180), and a database server(190). The payment system(110) installs various payment tools for enabling a user to purchase cyber money needed in participating in a game. The delivery system(120) offers related delivery data as requested. The call center and ARS system(140) enables a user to participate in a game via a consultation with a consulting person. The interface server(150) converts a protocol for enabling a user to refer to information or input data via the terminal(100). The mail server(160) transmits various data to unspecified plural persons via an e-mail. The SMS system(170) transmits various data to unspecified plural persons via the SMS. The data processing server(180) processes data on members, commodities, games, payment and others. The database server(190) constructs a database by using the processed data.


Owing to high strength and good ductility, steel structures are widely used in the construction of building frames in seismically active areas. This paper reviews the state- of-the-art in testing, finite-element analysis and design of composite structural systems. Development of guidelines and recommendations of beamcolumn connections and moment frames are presented and a future research on composite structural systems is provided. In this paper, the effect of composite action on the ductility performance of the connections is reviewed through a series of large size experimental and analytical studies of beam-to-column subassemblies. The studies presented in this paper highlights important behavioral observations and trends, some of which point towards the need for further consideration and refinement of current design procedures. The reference structure as well as the design procedures and assumptions adopted are discussed. This paper briefly describes some past experimental and analytical research on traditional connections relevant to the innovative types of connection models to be developed. This paper does not intend to provide a complete and systematic literature search on the topic but rather just present some examples of how connections have been investigated in the past.


We obtain solution of a complex diffusion equation with generalised complex quadratic potential, via method of analytical mechanics. The real integral solution conforms to the idea of the Feynman path integral


Objective:The aim of this work has been to test piezosurgery as a new and alternative method in the enucleation of jaw cysts.Method:41 patients with jaw cysts were recruited and had the operation to remove the cysts.In the operation,piezosurgery was used in bone fenestration and the enucleation of jaw cysts.6 patients out of them were given the therapy of fixing the piezoelectric cutting bone blocks with microplate to close the bone cavity.The postsurgical changes of surgical area were observed and recorded.Result:The piezoelectric osteotomy was performed on the 41 patients,and the jaw cysts were completely removed.There was no soft tissure damage in those patients except for one case with nose mucous membrane injured due to misoperation.With the combined use of the electric drill in the 8 patients,the cutting efficiency was improved obviously.Conclusion:Piezosurgery is optimal for enucleation of jaw cysts due to precise cutting in mineral tissure without soft tissure damage.


Present study investigates three dimensional rotating flow of Casson fluid in the presence of magnetic field over a convectively heated linear stretching sheet. Concept of nonlinear radiative heat transfer is considered. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations with the help of similarity transformation and then solved by using shooting method along with Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg integration technique. The primary and secondary velocities and temperature profiles are plotted and analysed corresponding to various pertinent flow parameters. Also, the skin friction for both directions and rate of heat transfer at the surface are computed and explained.


MANET is formed by a collection of mobile nodes, with no preset infrastructure where each node plays a role of router, It is getting fame day by day due to wide use of mobile and handheld devices. Dynamic nature of this network, makes routing protocols to play a prominent role in setting up efficient route among pair of nodes. Therefore many proactive, reactive & hybrid routing protocols have been proposed, among which one of well known is AODV due to its high performance gain. Cooperative nature of nodes exposes MANET to various kinds of passive & active attacks. Sinkhole is one of severe kind of attack which attempts to attract most of network traffic towards it & degrade the performance of network. AODV is mainly analyzed under blakhole, wormhole & flooding attack, which needs to analyze under other kinds of attack also. This paper mainly focuses on sinkhole problem, its consequences & presents mechanism for detection & prevention of it on the context of AODV protocol. It also shows performance of AODV with no sinkhole attack, under attack & after applying our mechanism in the form of simulation result obtained for certain variation of nodes in network, by considering performance metrics as throughput, PDR, End to end delay & Packet loss. Simulation is carried out using widely used simulator NS2.


Not surprisingly, AIDS has now been documented to be a powerful risk factor for suicide. Investigators reviewed all 668 cases of suicide in New York


Abstract Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a relatively rare cardiac condition, in which the patient is usually asymptomatic. However, once this aneurysm ruptures, patients present with acute symptoms of heart failure. Timely surgical intervention is essential. We present the case of a 27-year-old woman, who had a ruptured SVA with a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The patient collapsed before the emergency operation and needed cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The patient required preoperative high inotoropic support and postoperative management was difficult because of multiple organ dysfunction. However, the patient recovered after using inhaled nitric oxide and veno-venous hemofiltration and tracheostomy, and was discharged with no further complications. To the best of our knowledge, no such case of a ruptured SVA with VSD, complicated by preoperative cardiac arrest and multiple organ dysfunction that culminated in a successful recovery, has been reported to date.


This paper, we designed a task of `forming new word` in a onomasiological approach and applied to students. From a onomasiological approach which value the process of conceptualization, we established `Conceptualization - Verbalization` as center axis of word formation process. Then made activity papers containing a naming task. Private activity and group activity constitute the papers. In the former all individuals made new word according to systematic guides and in the latter the groups select the most appropriate new word through discussion.
The target of naming activity is familiar with students so, students who join in experiment class were made various new words focusing diverse features like purpose of use, material, shape, sensation, operation mathod, and so on. The students selected words based on various criteria such as meaningful calendar, pronunciation, genuineness, sophistication, and word species. But the criteria were not systematically applied.
This study considered external and internal educational value of forming new word activity, and suggested direction for designing task of forming new words. Therefore, this study differentiates from previous discussions that emphasize the necessity of making new words, and seek to find value in relation to other areas such as vocabulary and discourse. However, since the focus of the discussion lies in the setting of the macro-direction, it has shown a clear limit to discussing thoroughly the research problems required to plan teaching-learning. In this regard, I will continue my research gradually.


Over the last decade, institutions such as the National Film Board—those that are, simultaneously, culturally conservative, productive, and mediatory—have seen their relationship to films of the past come to be marked by two potentially rival logics. One is a commercial logic, focused on the exploitation of footage accumulated over 50 years of existence; the other is a social logic, inscribed within approaches to creativity whose distinctive forms have been those of remakes of documentary films of the 1960s and 1970s. The key question to which this article will attempt to respond is that of the role of the digital turn in heightening the opposition between these two logics. The second question has to do more specifically with the social function of filiation, with the nature of the link that takes shape, through film, between inhabitants of the past and those of the present, across a period which, while rarely longer than two generations, has been marked nevertheless by an acceleration of history that renders acts of transmission problematic. We will see, behind these remakes and practices of reusing archival images, how the gestures of filiation seek to keep Québec's documentary films central to those dynamics through which the feeling of belonging to community is aroused.


Teaching computer programming to beginners has always been an experience filled with challenges and rewards, but the advent of the new Microsoft .NET Framework has brought new issues and opportunities to the classroom. Many colleges offer Visual Basic as a beginning programming course, and this presentation provides a view of the special problems and concerns that have arisen as a result of the complete re-write of VB in the .NET environment. Just as most of us were getting comfortable teaching Version 6.0, the whole world changed.


Richard Hodges's The English primrose (1644) : a study of the strong-stressed vowels and diphthongs with some regard to A special help to orthographie (1643), The plainest directions (1649), Most plain directions for true-writing (1653)


This paper addresses a persistent vehicle routing problem, where a team of vehicles is required to achieve a task repetitively. The task is given as a Time-Window Temporal Logic (TWTL) formula defined over the environment. The fuel consumption of each vehicle is explicitly captured as a stochastic model. As vehicles leave the mission area for refueling, the number of vehicles may not always be sufficient to achieve the task. We propose a decoupled and efficient control policy to achieve the task or its minimal relaxation. We quantify the temporal relaxation of a TWTL formula and present an algorithm to minimize it. The proposed policy has two layers: 1) each vehicle decides when to refuel based on its remaining fuel, 2) a central authority plans the joint trajectories of the available vehicles to achieve a minimally relaxed task. We demonstrate the proposed approach via simulations and experiments involving a team of quadrotors that conduct persistent surveillance.


Bathing suit ichthyosis (BSI) is a rare, autosomal recessive form of congenital ichthyosis. The phenotypic expression of this unique form of ichthyosis is limited to the involvement of bathing suit area owing to the temperature-sensitive mutation of transglutaminase 1 gene. Lack of Indian literature of this rare condition made us to report three cases of BSI in healthy female children who presented with ichthyotic scales on the trunk since birth with sparing of extremities.


Fill-in-the-blank items are a common form of exercise in computer-assisted language learning systems. To automatically generate an effective item, the system must be able to select a high-quality carrier sentence that illustrates the usage of the target word. Previous approaches for carrier sentence selection have considered sentence length, vocabulary difficulty, the position of the target word and the presence of finite verbs. This paper investigates the utility of word co-occurrence statistics and lexical similarity as selection criteria. In an evaluation on generating fill-in-the-blank items for learning Chinese as a foreign language, we show that these two criteria can improve carrier sentence quality.


Grapes grow in various regions of Iraq, regions have been selected Baqubah, Al Khalesah, Nasiriyah and Sulaymaniyah, to determine the Ca, K, Mg, Zn, and Fe concentrations in their leaves for its nutritional importance using atomic absorption spectroscopy (A.A.S.). Two procedures were used for sample preparation (one of their new) and their accuracy data was evaluated, no significant differences at 97% level of confidence were found by comparison the dataset results for two methods. It has been found that Ca, K, Mg, Zn and Fe metal ion concentration are in the range of (806.9 – 2815.2), (7092.2 – 11058.7), (3708.7 – 5434.8), (17.2 – 30.8) and (114.8 – 3083) μg.g-1, respectively and follow the order K>>Mg>Ca>>Fe>Zn. However, the metal contents in vine leaves from Al Khalesah and Baqubah were relatively high in comparing to those of Sulaymaniyah and Nasiriyah. Fe metal content significantly differs from region to region and the highest concentration was found in grape leaves from Baqubah region (2890.9 – 3083.0 μg.g–1), Nasiriyah (2314.8 - 2331.3 μg.g–1), Al Khalesah (205.7 – 237.2 μg.g–1), while the lowest from Sulaymaniyah (110.9 – 114.8 μg.g-1). Thus, through the variation in the concentration of trophic metals in grape leaves from one region to another and their lack of similarity, irregularity, and incongruence, it can be concluded that the different concentration of elements depends on the quality of the soil, the irrigation water, and the climate and atmosphere (The nature of environment).


The three state universities in Arizona (Arizona State University, Northern Arizona University, and University of Arizona) have collaborated to offer a new degree program, Master of Engineering, that is primarily intended to serve the advanced technical educational needs of Arizona's practicing engineers. Partnerships with employers and one universities are developing curricula and courses that address the enhancement and/or development of new skills, knowledge and understanding pertinent to engineering practice. Given the assumption that Master of Engineering students in the program will be place-bound to some extent, the goal of the program is to provide distributed access to a variety of courses via distance delivery and flexible course formats. Thus, Master of Engineering students will have the flexibility to design programs of study that take advantage of the breadth of course offerings reflecting the diversity of strengths across the three universities.


In the Universe, there is an enormous number of structures and objects such as galaxies, stars, and planets. Remarkable progresses of observations grow our understanding about their origins and formation processes. Among them, recent observations of high-redshift quasars reveal that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with mass of & 10 M have already formed as early as the beginning of the universe. As the formation processes of such BHs, the gas accretion and mergers of the remnant BHs formed by the collapse of first generation stars (∼ 100 M ) have been considered. However, various radiative feedbacks prevent the efficient BH growth and thus the required time to form SMBHs becomes longer than the age of the high-redshift universe. As a solution of this problem, formation of supermassive stars (SMSs; M∗ & 10 M ) and their subsequent collapse directly to the BHs in the first galaxies has been considered. Seed BHs formed by the direct collapse are expected to sufficiently shorten the formation time even with the radiative feedbacks. Formation of SMSs in first galaxies irradiated with strong far ultraviolet (FUV) radiation has often been studied. In such cases, the primordial gas clouds are supposed to collapse monolithically and form stars without strong fragmentation since H2 molecules, which are the main coolants of primordial gas and promote gas fragmentation, are photo-dissociated. In this thesis, we discuss the unified scenario of the seed BH formation through the direct collapse of SMSs. We have investigated the formation of SMSs in the following three parts; (i) formation of supermassive clouds in the first galaxies, (ii) collapse phase of the supermassive cloud, and (iii) evolution of the protostar up to a SMS. We first reconsider conditions of the SMS formation requiring the H2 photodissociation by the strong FUV radiations. Candidates of FUV sources, including star-forming galaxies, are probably sources of strong CRs and X-rays too. We find that external ionization promotes H2 production and elevates the threshold FUV intensity needed for SMS formation as Jcrit ∝ U CR (∝ J 1/2 X ) in the high CR (respectively X-ray) limit. Therefore, the SMS formation under the strong FUV radiations is strongly suppressed by the ionizations due to the external high-energy radiations (CRs and X-rays). Following the result, we propose the new pathway to form SMSs without assuming the strong FUV radiations. The assembly of a typical first galaxy proceeds via cold and dense flows penetrating deep to the center, where the supersonic streams collide each other to develop a hot and dense shocked gas. In such dense shocked layer, H2 molecules are collisionally dissociated and thus supermassive clouds are formed. Thereafter, the supermassive cloud collapses isothermally by the atomic cooling (Lyα and various continuum emissions). The range of post-shock conditions for SMS formation can be expressed as T & 6000 K (nH/10 cm−3)−1 for nH . 10 cm−3 and T & 5000 − 6000


In order to provide help to NHS, HSE and HSCNI services at the start of the Covid-19 lockdown, we offered online Stress Control classes, free-of-charge. These ran over three weeks in April. Due to its success, we repeated the classes in May.


Abstract We have successfully demonstrated plasmon-enhanced photocurrent generation using gold nanoparticle-loaded titanium dioxide single-crystal (TiO2) photoelectrodes with visible-light irradiation. Water molecules serve as an electron source in photocurrent generation, and oxygen evolution occurs due to water oxidation from a gold nanostructured TiO2 photoelectrode as a half reaction of water splitting. On the basis of this property, the photocurrent generation system was applied to the plasmon-induced water-splitting system using both sides of the same strontium titanate (SrTiO3) single-crystal substrate without an electrochemical apparatus. The chamber on the side of the gold nanoparticles was the anode side, whereas the chamber on the side of the platinum plate was the cathode side. Platinum was used as a co-catalyst for hydrogen evolution. Hydrogen and oxygen were separately evolved from the anode and cathode chambers, respectively. Water splitting was induced with a relatively low chemical bias of 0.23 V due to plasmonic effects based on efficient water oxidation. Similar to the artificial photosynthesis system, we have also demonstrated ammonia formation via nitrogen fixation using ruthenium as a co-catalyst via an analogous setup of the water-splitting system.


An agency of the European Union Address for visits and deliveries Refer to www.ema.europa.eu/how-to-find-us Send us a question Go to www.ema.europa.eu/contact Telephone +31 (0)88 781 6000 © European Medicines Agency, 2021. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. 24 June 2021 1 EMA/CHMP/BWP/534898/2008 rev. 2 corrigendum 2 Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 3


Single-crystal silicon is one of the substrate materials often used for x-ray optical components, such as mirrors and monochromators. Silicon crystal is elastically anisotropic, mechanical properties are direction dependent. Because anisotropic analysis is complicated, isotropic approximation is commonly used in the design of optical substrates. This approximation is satisfactory in most cases. However, a full anisotropic analysis is required to precisely characterize the performance of optical substrates or determine the effect of anisotropy. In this paper, single-crystal-silicon anisotropy and its effects on deformation of bendable optics are discussed. The resulting anticlastic bending is described, and a complete numerical solution as well as approximate analytical formulations, is provided. Anisotropy can be used advantageously to accentuate anticlastic bending.


We report on the formation processes and detailed energetics of C60 included within cyclic hydrocarbon molecules, i.e., [n]cyclacene molecules. We found that the inclusion processes for C60 within [n]cyclacene are exothermic without substantial activation barriers. The energy gap between the highest occupied states and the lowest unoccupied states of the inclusion compounds ([n]cyclacene ⊃ C60) depends on the position of C60. Detailed energetics show that the included C60 can oscillate in the THz frequency range around the center of the [n]cyclacene, indicating the possibility for fabricating a nanoscale THz mechanical switch.


We analyse the Kormendy relations (KRs) of the two Frontier Fields clusters, Abell S1063, at z = 0.348, and MACS J1149.5+2223, at z = 0.542, exploiting very deep Hubble Space Telescope photometry and Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integral field spectroscopy. With this novel data set, we are able to investigate how the KR parameters depend on the cluster galaxy sample selection and how this affects studies of galaxy evolution based on the KR. We define and compare four different galaxy samples according to (a) Sersic indices: early-type ('ETG'), (b) visual inspection: 'ellipticals', (c) colours: 'red', (d) spectral properties: 'passive'. The classification is performed for a complete sample of galaxies with m_(F814W) ≤ 22.5 ABmag (M* ≳ 10^(10.0) M⊙). To derive robust galaxy structural parameters, we use two methods: (1) an iterative estimate of structural parameters using images of increasing size, in order to deal with closely separated galaxies and (2) different background estimations, to deal with the intracluster light contamination. The comparison between the KRs obtained from the different samples suggests that the sample selection could affect the estimate of the best-fitting KR parameters. The KR built with ETGs is fully consistent with the one obtained for ellipticals and passive. On the other hand, the KR slope built on the red sample is only marginally consistent with those obtained with the other samples. We also release the photometric catalogue with structural parameters for the galaxies included in the present analysis.


Automatic layout techniques have been used in a number of specific application domains, such as graph drawing and VLSI design. While these techniques are quite powerful, they are restricted to a particular domain and don't address the range of applications dealt with in 3D user interfaces. The Grappl system automatically generates 3D user interfaces at run time. Part of this process is placing user interface and application objects in 3D space. This is achieved by using policy techniques to automate the layout process. This paper presents some of the features and techniques that have been used in policy implementation, including relative position policy and grouping policy, with a few example applications.


Thermolysis of 1,4-carbonopyrazolo[1,2-a]-pyridazin-6-ones to pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines, which is paralleled in the mass spectrometer, is a new, unusual rearrangement involving the elimination of carbon dioxide from two non-adjacent carbonyl groups.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Emphaty on Customer Loyalty of Grand Puncak Lestari Pangkalpinang Hotel . The research method used purposive sampling method. Research respondents are customers at Grand Puncak Lestari Pangkalpinang Hotel 3 0 people s . The variables used are Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Emphaty as independent variable and Customer Satisfaction as dependent variable that developed by itself according to its indicators. This study uses qualitative analysis of primary data direct research results in the field. As a tool in the processing of statistical data used SPSS 22 program. The results showed that: After calculation through SPSS application version 22 obtained coefficient of determination (r-square) of 0. 644 . This value can be defined that 64.4 % customer satisfaction variables can be explained by Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Emphaty together, the remaining 35.6 % influenced by other variables not included in this study. Based on the results of these studies, the researchers concluded that the quality of service at Grand Puncak Lestari Pangkalpinang Hotel can be improved through Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Emphaty.


A method and use thereof to modulate the fatty acid chain composition of triglycerides. The invention relates to feed stream comprises triglyceride mixture containing long chain least one, to a method of modulating fatty acid chain composition of triglycerides. Said mixture for fractionating between substantially free of tri-short chain triglycerides, and long chain triglycerides, with the temperature at and pressure 0.01Pa and 10Pa higher than 200 ° C., separating out at least two in the process is, wherein one of said stages, tri long chain triglyceride and mono - fractionated into and and di-long chain triglycerides, and the other of said step is fractionated into a mono-long chain triglycerides and di-long chain triglycerides. The method may be used to provide a target triglyceride having controlled fatty acid chain distribution.


Studies at Western European Academies and the Hungarian Ramism. Recent schools of the history of ideas do not study the "influence" of one outstanding personality primarily but more the way numerous thinkers receive and utilise elements of the sets of ideas connected to the name. It is especially true in the case of Petrus Ramus. The interpretation of Ramism is not feasible if we focus on exploring one coherent intention of the author (or several of them). It seems more fruitful to study the multi-faceted community of interpreters that was driven to hold certain positions by personal conviction, institutional needs, or confessional identity. These people found the suitable framework for asserting their positions in one or the other of the many processes of Ramism, that is, they connected their aspirations to paradigms that they believed to be Ramist. His earliest acquaintances from Hungary and Transylvania met Ramus in Paris, several of them before his conversion to Protestantism (1561). Outlining these early connections poses no problem, since there are only a handful of Hungarians who had personal connection to him. All of them are members of the humanist elite, professional philologists. The influence of Ramus that came from the German academic world to Hungary and Transylvania seems far more important than the sporadic and haphazard personal connections. These influences are much more multitudinous, because they grow out of the system of connections organically embedded in the studies of Hungarian youngsters at foreign universities. Obviously, Ramus could affect Hungarian and Transylvanian young people by this way only after his reception in Germany started to take shape. This means that this aspect of the processes can be discussed beginning with the 1570s. Early traces are sporadic, and a deeper, systemic influence on thinking and history of ideas in Hungary and Transylvania by Ramism is relevant only from the early 17th century.


The article presents the results of the research carried out to identify the features of emotional orientation of senior pupils, along with its structure, the emotional characteristics in terms of gender identity and age dynamics being analyzed. In addition, it reveals the influence of person`s emotional orientation on professional identity at the senior school age.


Based on his profound understanding to the social function of the applied writing,and his precious academic ideas as well as his self-conscious historical mission,Liu Xie attached great importance to applied writing.His survey on the history of the applied writing reflected not only the history that the ancient applied writing originated,developed and changed,but the general conditions how the ancient paperwork operated before Qi and Liang dynasties.The theories of applied writing,which was created by Liu Xie,as the theoretical achievements passed down from generation to generation,were the cultural legacy of writing deserved our treasuring.For many years,the criticism to the theoretical part of the applied writing in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons has been inappropriate.


ABSTRACT This paper reports about an informal learning experience – Something Very Fishy (SVF) – which is focused on ocean conservation and climate change. Results from 49 elementary school student workbooks indicated that experiencing SVF improved their understanding of ocean conservation, increased their interest in pursuing science careers, but did not affect their actions towards conservation. Survey results from 40 undergraduate students who helped run SVF indicated that the more efficacious they felt about communicating marine science and the more identified they felt with the scientific community, the more inclined they were to choose careers involving science communication. Survey results from 27 elementary school teachers, who accompanied their students to SVF, indicated perceived norms around teaching marine science and climate change affected their intentions to teach those topics in their classrooms. The paper concludes with implications of these findings on the future of SVF and programs alike, and research directions for environmental conservation in informal settings.


Local symmetry transformations play an important role for establishing the existence and form of a conserved (Noether) current in systems with a global continuous symmetry. We explain how this fact leads to the existence of linear relations between Noether currents of distinct global symmetries that coincide on the local level, thus generalizing the well-known relationship L = r × p between momentum p and angular momentum L . As a byproduct, we find a natural interpretation for the discrepancy between the canonical and metric energy–momentum (EM) tensors in theories of particles with spin. A symmetric EM tensor can thus be obtained from the Noether procedure without adding any ad hoc corrections or imposing additional constraints such as gauge invariance in Maxwell's electrodynamics.


A text search method has been developed with which errors within large data base compilations may be located if the citations contain redundant information. This study has been applied to the ASTM Infrared Spectral Index of 91 875 spectra. Each citation within the data base contains some redundant information. If the citation is correct, the redundant information is the same; if the information differs, the citation is incorrect and an error has been located. The overall error was found to be between 3 and 5% within the limits of this study. The error search is general and can be applied to most chemical data base compilations.


An error estimator based on wavelet coefficients is presented which takes advantage of the property that wavelet coefficients can convey detailed information on the local regularity of a function. Its computational bounds are obtained by means of a wavelet decomposition algorithm. Then, an associated adaptive wavelet finite element method is developed which employs this error estimator for the plate bending problems. Numerical examples are used to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the current error estimator and the adaptive scheme.


Summary Subjects had their expectation of pay for serving in a conformity experiment disconfirmed by receiving amounts either greater or lesser than were expected, while control subjects received their expected pay. The dissonance theory prediction of an energization of either compliance or noncompliance was not obtained, nor support given to social-exchange-theory predictions of conformity as a direct function of pay level. No differences in conformity behavior or tendencies to respond to questionnaires in a socially desirable direction were obtained between high and low scoring Ss on the Marlowe-Crowne SD (7). The finding of no differences in conformity between Ss judged aware of the manipulations and those unaware might be mediated by a general predisposition to seek and comply with demands in an experimental setting.


Packaging Review looks at developments in three rigid plastic packaging technologies available to the South African market. With the ability to produce food and beverage (F&B) packs in shorter cycles and a wider range of colours, these products cater to new industry demands.


This study is driven by the dual objectives of comprehensively identifying and elucidating the diverse manifestations of violence against children within Ruwi Meita's novel "Misteri Bilik Korek Api" (The Mystery of the Matchbox Room).The selection of the theme of violence stems from the novel's portrayal of acts of violence directed towards children. To undertake a comprehensive analysis of these instances, this research employs a literary psychology approach, augmented by the conceptual framework provided by Azevedo and Viviane's typology of five distinct forms of violence. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study delves into the intricate fabric of the prose, facilitating an in-depth exploration and interpretation of the textual data. The outcomes of this inquiry illuminate five primary forms of violence that children undergo within the novel's narrative canvas: Indifference: Evidencing scenarios in which characters display an unsettling apathy towards the well-being of children. Contempt: Unveiling instances of disdain or disrespect aimed at children from other characters. Isolation: Illuminating instances where children are deliberately secluded or isolated from their social milieu. Rejection: Disclosing portrayals of children confronting exclusion or repudiation across various spheres of their existence. Terror: Exposing moments of intense fear and apprehension experienced by children as a result of threatening circumstances or actions.


Background: Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome is the result of impaired glucose transport into the brain. Patients with glucose transporter type 1 syndrome may present with infantile seizures, developmental delay, acquired microcephaly, spasticity and ataxia. Case Report: Here, we report a rare case of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome caused by a different pathogenic variant in a 10-day-old neonate who presented with intractable seizures and respiratory arrest. Conclusion: This new pathogenic variant can be seen in glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome.


This paper introduces modifications of Self-Organizing Maps allowing imputation and classification of data containing missing values. The robustness of the proposed modifications is shown using experimental results of a standard data set. A comparison to modified Fuzzy cluster methods [Timm et al., 2002] is presented. Both methods performed better with available case analysis compared to complete case analysis. Further modifications of the SOM using k-nearest neighbor calculations result in lower classification errors and lower variances of classification errors.


This report studied the influence of effects such as type, modulus, dosage of the alkali-activator on mechanical properties of slag-based geopolymer. The analyzing results indicate that compare to the Na2SiO3, K2SiO3 has significant activate effects on slag-based geopolymer. The modulus and dosage have obvious significance on early compression strength of slag-based geopolymer. With the increase of modulus, its early compression strength has apparent increase. With the increase of dosage, its early compression strength increase firstly and then decrease. When the dosage is 12%, the compression strength of the material is highest. The change of modulus and dosage of the alkali-activator has little influence on flexural strength of slag-based geopolymer. With the increase of dosage, its ratio of flexural to compressive strength has a downward trend. And the material brittleness addition.


The first description of the adult stage of Cloeodes longisetosus (Braasch and Soldan) is provided based on specimens reared in the laboratory from larvae collected from Hong Kong, China. These larvae also are the basis for a revised description of the larval stage of C. longisetosus. Study of the larvae confirms the placement of the species in the genus Cloeodes Traver, and C. longisetosus larvae may be distinguished from larval congeners by their relatively short maxillary palp. Male adults of C. longisetosus have a pronounced rectangular median process between the forceps bases that is unique at least among known male adult congeners, and thus indicates that such a feature may or may not be present in Cloeodes.


This research proposes a hybrid approach, combining a GA with an event-based heuristic, to deal with the discrete berth allocation problem (DBAP) and dynamic quay crane assignment problem (DQCAP) simultaneously. Three hybrid GAs, each using a same crossover operation but different mutation operations, were developed. A two-stage procedure was used to develop solutions for the simultaneous DBAP and DQCAP. Firstly, a berth and an initial number of QCs are assigned to a ship by the GA. Subsequently, the assigned number of QCs to a ship can be adjusted by the event-based heuristic. Experimental results showed that these HGA have a better performance than a traditional GA in terms of fitness value. Especially, the HGA with Thoros mutation operation outperform the others.


It has been becoming a big problem that how to efficiently integrate the data resource in existence and solve the communication of heterogeneous system.According to this problem,through deeply researching on the design and implementation of data exchange system,proposes a heterogeneous communication solution based on SOA,designs and implements a cadre management system.


Free energy curves are calculated for electron transfer between a donor atom in water and a Pt(111) electrode and are compared to corresponding curves in bulk water. The curves are shown to display an insensitivity to the surface-induced solvent density inhomogeneity, and interesting examples of adherence to and deviation from standard Marcus behavior are observed


Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common focal nerve entrapment and is a significant cause of morbidity; this syndrome has a higher incidence in diabetic patients. It has been suggested that insulin influences nerve regeneration in a similar way to that of nerve growth factor. Objectives Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of local insulin injection, with that of local steroid injection and of local steroid followed by insulin injections in treating mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Patients and methods: The study included 60 type 2 diabetic patients with electrophysiologic evidence of mild to moderate CTS. They were randomly assigned to three groups: group I received insulin injection of 10 IU Neutral Protamine Hagedorn insulin (NPH insulin) locally into the affected carpal tunnel at the first visit and a similar dose of insulin after 2 weeks; group II received a single injection of 40 mg methylprednisolone acetate injection into the carpal tunnel. And group III received a steroid injection into the carpal tunnel then followed by insulin injection twice after 2 and 4 weeks from the steroid injection. Clinical, electrophysiologic and ultrasonographic evaluations were carried out at the start of the study and at 10 weeks after treatment. Results Results: In all groups, there was significant improvement in symptoms, signs and assessment questionnaires (SS score, FD score, and VAS) after receiving the injection. Also, there was a statistically highly significant improvement in DML, SNCV, PSL, and a statistically significant improvement in Samp in the insulin group. While in steroid group there was a statistically highly significant improvement in PSL, and a statistically significant improvement in SNCV. In the third group (steroid followed by insulin), there was a statistically highly significant improvement in DML, SNCV and PSL. As for ultrasonographic assessment, there was a statistically significant improvement in CSA and PD in all groups. The third group (steroid followed by insulin) showed the best improvement as regard the CSA. Conclusions Conclusion: Local insulin injection was found to be as effective as steroid in reducing the symptoms of CTS and improving electrophysiological and ultrasonographic findings, being a safer alternative for diabetic patients. Our findings suggest that local insulin injection after local steroid injection may be of additional benefit in improving median nerve ultrasonographic parameters in mild to moderate diabetic CTS. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, carpal tunnel syndrome, local insulin injection. References [1] Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Johnsson R, Ornstein E, Ranstam J, Rosén I. Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population. JAMA1999; 282(2):153–8. [2] Celiker R, Basgöze O, Bayraktar M. Early detection of neurological involvement in diabetes mellitus. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol1995; 36(1):29–35. Acknowledgements To all professors and colleagues at Rheumatology and Rehabilitation department, Faculty of medicine, Minia University, Egypt. patients for their appreciable cooperation and respectable follow up. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Various claims have been made about the influence of Heinrich Hertz's on Wittgenstein's work. I consider some such recent claims, made by Allan Janik, to the effect that Hertz exercised a very strong influence on Wittgenstein, early and late. I suggest they are ill-founded, in virtue of misinterpretations either of Hertz, or of Wittgenstein, or of both. I try to set the record straight on issues such as the three criteria Hertz suggests for evaluating scientific 'representations' [] or 'images' [], his conception of philosophy, the nature of Hertz's project and its relation to philosophy, the extent to which he agrees and disagrees with Ernst Mach, and his influence on the .


Abstract The 13C NMR spectra of a series of N-acyl six-member ring nitrogen heterocycles have been measured as a function of temperature and the results interpreted in terms of restricted amide rotation and ring inversion. Slow rotation is observed on the NMR time scale around the N-CO bond whilst the ring inversion is fast at ambient temperature. High temperature experiments have been undertaken to investigate the free energy of activation for the amide rotation and low temperature NMR experiments were used to probe the ring inversion process. The experimental results have been compared with theoretical calculations using molecular orbital, molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics approaches and good agreement is observed in all cases.


We present a summary of our computer-numeric investigations on calorimetric air-flow sensors considering two alternative measuring arrangements. For the sensor flush mounted to the wall of a rectangular duct, static flow transduction characteristics for both, the controlled-overtemperature and the constant-power operation mode, were derived from finite element based simulations. The simulation results are in good agreement with previous measurements. Additionally, we simulated the flush-mounted sensor response to step-like changes of the air-flow. Based on the model, one can understand the very specific features of the transient sensor signal. Guided by this knowledge, improved design rules for calorimetric flow sensors may be developed. In contrast, immersing a bare sensor chip into the fluid stream, which was the alternative approach studied, leads to improper transduction characteristics due to the formation of flow-vortices.


This paper presents an electromagnetic actuator consisting of rectangular permanent magnetic chips and a cylindrical coil, which is applicable to bending moment control of plates. The analytical expression for obtaining the control force against the control current is obtained based on the electromagnetic theory. A control method is presented for producing the required deflection of the plate by means of the bending-type electromagnetic actuator. Numerical calculations are carried out for some typical problems which will be of practical importance. It is clarified that the actuator and the method of control presented are valid for controlling plate shapes.


AbstractPotential and real predictive skill of the frequency of extreme rainfall in southeastern South America for the December–February season are evaluated in this paper, finding evidence indicating that mechanisms of climate variability at one time scale contribute to the predictability at another scale; that is, taking into account the interference of different potential sources of predictability at different time scales increases the predictive skill. Part I of this study suggested that a set of daily atmospheric circulation regimes, or weather types, was sensitive to these cross–time scale interferences, conducive to the occurrence of extreme rainfall events in the region, and could be used as a potential predictor. At seasonal scale, a combination of those weather types indeed tends to outperform all the other candidate predictors explored (i.e., sea surface temperature patterns, phases of the Madden–Julian oscillation, and combinations of both). Spatially averaged Kendall's τ improvements of 43% f...


With no published standards for building aluminum vessels, this San Diego shipbuilder worked out his own fit-up and welding procedure. These ferryboats are 165 feet and rated to carry 750 passengers, the world's largest of their type, all aluminum passenger vessels. The article outlines the general building procedures and includes a listing of the subject matter of the manufacturing process specification book. The fabrication and welding details are proprietary information.


: By the end of 2016, China had established approximately 10 types and a large number of natural protected areas since the first nature reserve was established in 1956. With ecological civilization construction, to establish a natural protected areas system based on national parks is not only an important project put forward by the state, but also the inevitable trend for future development. However, problems including ambiguous concepts, confused classification systems, vague dominant functions, and geospatial overlap also accompanied these natural protected areas. There is still no unified classification system that can be applied in all types of natural protected areas in China, this lack of classification system has seriously impeded ongoing optimization and integration of the existing natural protected areas and the construction of a national park system and is not convenient for international academic exchanges. Therefore, defining natural protected areas is urgently needed and is essential for the establishment of a classification system that is applicable to our country and conducive to international communication. Here we mainly discuss the concepts and connotation of natural protected areas in China, tease out their development processes, and summarize the construction and classification of 10 types of natural protected areas, while comparing the similarities and differences of these concepts and classifications. Finally, based on the IUCN protected area management classification system, the natural attribution of protected objects, and social attribution of management objects, we propose three classification systems to provide a reference for establishing a natural protected area classification system and national park system. We hope these systems will play a role in the study of the classification system of natural protected areas in the future.


Objective:To investigate the effects of early rehabilitation therapy on psychological and daily living functional and independence recovery of patients with spinal cord injury.Methods:63 spinal cord injury patients were randomly divided into a rehabilitation group(n=33) and a control group(n=30).All patients were treated with the general medicine and operation,in addition to rehabilitation program for the patients in the rehabilitation group.The functions of all patients were assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and functional independence measure(FIM) score and Barthel Index before and after rehabilitation after six month.Results: Anxiety and depression scores were reduced,while the FIM an Barthel Index scores were significantly improved in rehabilitation group six months later(P0.05).Conclusion:Early intervention rehabilitation can remarkably improve the recovery of psychological state,daily life and functional independence.


The invention provides an antenna combination structure for a radio product, which relates to compact antenna structure technology for a portable radio product. The antenna combination structure comprises a circuit board, a button switch arranged on the circuit board, and an antenna, wherein the antenna is connected with a circuit signal end on the circuit board, and is divided into three sections, namely L1, L2 and L3, from the joint of the circuit signal end and the antenna to the tail end of the antenna in sequence; the L1 is a connecting section for connecting the circuit signal end on the circuit board and the L2; the sum of the L1, the L2 and the L3, namely the total length of the antenna is between 0.2 and 0.3 lambda; the sum of the L2 and the L3 is 0.16 lambda; the length of the L2 of the antenna is equal to that of the L3; and the L1, the L2 and the L3 are bounded at the edge of the circuit board and are arranged on the periphery of the button switch. The antenna combination structure has the advantages that space of the circuit board and space of the button on the circuit board are sufficiently utilized so as to achieve the aim of space conservation, excellent antenna effect and antenna micromation.


An artificial vision tries to capture relevant information from environment using cameras as sensors of certain characteristics (shapes, colors, textures, etc.) for a proper functioning of some mechanisms. In order to get an identical image to real environment, it is required to generate stereoscopic images that allow us to get the depth and thus a 3D representation. This paper shows an artificial stereoscopic vision system incorporated to a mobile robot to recognize and follow the center of a path. Such a system handles the capture, processing and characterization of images using offline procedures such to standardize cameras and online methods for a disparity mapping generation, application of the Canny edge detector and the Hough transform, using the OpenCV libraries in Win32 Console project in C++. It`s important to mention that algorithms developed in this work are fundamentally for structured environments. Environments can classified as follows: structured, non-structured and semi-structured.


【Objective】To investigate whether Atrovastatin dose-dependently affects endothelial progenitor cells (EPCS) numbers in rats with myocardial infarction.【Methods】Rabbits with myocardial infarction, induced by ligating left anterior descending artery, were randomized to be treated with saline or Atrovastatin [Atro, 5 mg/(kg·d), or 20 mg/(kg·d)] by gavage for 8 weeks since the day of operation. Then, total mononuclear cells (MNCS) were isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and the cells were plated on EBM-2 coated culture dishes for one week. Cells double-stained by both FITC-labelled lectin from ulex europeaus (FITC-UEA) and Di1-labelled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-acLDL) were counted as EPCS.【Results】Atrovastatin at the dose of 5 mg/kg significantly increased EPCS numbers in peripheral blood, which was higher than control group and group of Atrovastatin 20 mg/kg. There were no statistical difference between control group and atrovastatin 20 mg/kg group. 【Conclusion】Atrovastatin can dose-independently increase the EPCS numbers in peripheral blood in rabbits with myocardial infarction which is independent with it's lipid-lowering effect.


Perhaps the most basic of all procedures in molecular cloning is the purification of nucleic acids. The key step, the removal of proteins, can often be performed simply by extracting aqueous solutions of nucleic acids with phenol:chloroform and chloroform.


Ultimate spectral efficiency of information transmission of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and lumped amplifier chains is considered on the basis of the number-state model for linear communication channel. For single amplifier the efficiency is about 12-14 bit⋅s-1Hz-1 at 1 μW⋅GHz-1 input signal power density depending on pumping conditions. For long-haul communication lines it approximates 7-14 bit⋅s-1 Hz-1 for spectral density of input signal power of 1-100 μW⋅GHz-1.


The invention relates to a composition obtained by simultaneously mixing at least one isocyanate, at least one polyether and at least one amino resin, wherein said polyether comprises at least one ethylene oxide moiety and at least one isocyanate reactive group selected from the group comprising hydroxyl, amino, epoxy, and thiol, and wherein said amino resin is the condensation product of an aldehyde with a compound selected from the group comprising urea, melamine, benzoguanamine, glycoluril, acetoguanamine and mixtures thereof.


The process of H/sup -/ formation as a result of double-electron capture by protons from helium atoms has been investigated by an approximate integral form of the close-coupling formalism considering three atomic states and indistinguishability of electrons. The cross sections have been presented for incident proton energies ranging from 5 keV to 1 MeV and have been compared with the previous experimental and theoretical results. Our cross sections agree fairly well with the experimental results over the range of energy investigated. The total elastic and single-electron capture cross sections and the differential double-electron capture cross sections in the forward direction also have been reported.


A combustion equipment, in particular setting tool for fasteners, with - a housing base body (1) having a cylindrical recess (5) and a piston communicating with this chamber (2) for receiving a piston (3); - a breechblock (8), which is arranged to the cylindrical recess (5) at a distance opposite each other and to the housing base body (1) and to be moved away from the latter; and can be pressed one into the cylindrical recess (5) displaceably mounted in ihrerer longitudinal direction and from this projecting sealing bush (12) into which a cartridge (10) can be inserted and the sealing bush (12) by spring force (16) against the impact plate (8) - is.


Looking back on the mutual development of urban planning and public health, health has always been a topic that people cannot avoid. Nowadays, people pay more attention to health, and their demands for high-quality air in cities are becoming stronger. Air quality is an important factor affecting human health. Therefore, it is proposed to meet public health demands through planning interventions from the perspective of negative air ions. Air negative ions are a part of the air component and have functions such as medical care and air purification. As an important indicator to evaluate whether the urban air is good, it has a positive effect on public health. The coastal space has abundant health resources and contains a high concentration of negative air ions, which is an important space carrier to promote public health. Combining with the health effects of negative air ions, taking the influence of urban space layout on the concentration of negative air ions as the starting point, analyze the relationship between coastal space reserves and negative ion generation, urban spatial spread, and changes in negative ion concentration, spatial configuration and the acquisition of negative oxygen ions. On this basis, combined with public health needs, it is concluded that blue and green are used as the core organization function to build a high-negative ion living unit, and combined with the prevailing wind direction, the "wind-negative ion" channel is opened, the architectural space layout is optimized, and a variety of negative ion breathing areas are created. And other coastal area space optimization strategies, to achieve the optimization of the coastal space with negative air ions as the medium, and then achieve the effect of health promotion.


The effect of antiviral therapy on the post‐hepatectomy long‐term survival in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain.


The article discusses the problem of hemodynamic disorders in sepsis and septic shock in children. The results of studies of cardiac output, systolic, diastolic left ventricular function in sepsis and septic shock in children are presented. The development of different types of diastolic dysfunction and reduced cardiac output in septic shock in children are shown. The paper provides evidence of diastolic dysfunction negative impact on the course and prognosis in sepsis and multiple organ failure syndrome in children.


In this study, lithium disilicate (LS2) glass samples with different particle sizes ranging from less than 105 to 850 μm were prepared. These specimens were inserted in a Pt-Rh DSC crucible and heated to 850°C at different rates (ϕ = 0.5–30 K/min) to identify their crystallization peaks. The activation energies for the overall crystallization (E) and the Avrami coefficient (n) were evaluated using different nonisothermal models. Specifically, n was evaluated using the Augis–Benett model and the Ozawa method, and E was evaluated using the Kissinger and Ligero methods. As expected, the coarse particles mainly crystallized in the volume, while surface crystallization was predominant in the samples with particle sizes of less than 350 μm. This result was confirmed through SEM analysis of the double stage heat-treated samples. In contrast with previous studies, our results demonstrated that the activation energy decreased as the particle size increased. In addition, no clear correlation between the peak intensity (δTp) and the particle size was observed.


at the Friday Bible readings. These readings came to be viewed by many as inexcusable exploitation of a captive audience for purposes of Quaker, or at least non-Anglican, Christian indoctrination. An interesting minor theme is the author's contention that Elizabeth Fry found in prison administration an aspect of masculine-dominated society which was being badly mismanaged and where, by Ladies' Committee visitation, women could take things in hand in a public way rarely possible in early nineteenth-century England. That male resentment of feminine meddling played a part in the eventual official rejection of Elizabeth Fry's approach to prison problems seems highly likely. But the whole analysis of her "impulse. . . to challenge the prejudices of a masculine superiority" would be seen in better balance against the long history of Quaker women ministers who had traveled to far parts to express religious and social concerns to persons in positions of responsibility. Kent is also anxious to make clear that he is not committed to the theological presupposition of his subject's Quaker position, that he has an enlightened "psychological" view of things. What else is clarified by the following: "Of the extent to which the whole experience might be subjective, the product of inner, psychological factors over which she had no control, she was unaware" (p. 19)? The major limitation in this volume, and it is a grave one, is that the author has not used the wealth of original sources (letters and the transcript of Elizabeth Fry's complete journal) which are available in London, in Friends House and in the British Museum. It is regrettable that a study so fresh and intelligent as this one did not draw on this magnificent mine of material instead of depending so heavily upon the Memoir of Elizabeth Fry, edited by her daughters and published in 1847. Had these resources been used, several matters could have been more adequately presented; e.g., the flesh-and-blood reality of an Evangelical's experience; the real horror of American feminists shared by Elizabeth Fry and Joseph John Gurney; and Elizabeth Fry's relationship with Joseph Fry before and during their married life (I doubt that his bankruptcy, shattering as it was to her pride, was the occasion of so decisive a loss of respect for her husband). All in all, this is a thought-provoking book. It reminds us of the condescension and pride which are ever ready to insinuate themselves into activity prompted by compassion for suffering or sense of outrage against injustice. It reminds us of the sharp limits in the effectiveness of exposés of bad conditions in hospitals, reformatories, or prisons. And we are reminded that volunteer work by outsiders brings only temporary improvement except where regular staff and policy-controlling boards are intelligent and energetic. WesleyanUniversityDavid E. Swift


We design multilayer photonic crystal cavities by depositing a polymer layer on top of a silicon photonic crystal slab. We demonstrate numerically that such cavities can have quality factors of Q~106.


The focus of this study are the relationships established by people with physical, visual, hearing and mixed disabilities in their work, carried out at a manufacturer of semi-axes and homokinectics automotive junctions, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. These people (named PPDs in the study) work, in their majority, in a standing up position and their tasks tend to be more manual than cognitive. Despite the importance they give to their daily work activities, the PPDs claimed for more respect as well as for more investment in their growing professional capability. These claims are mainly reflections of the managerial procedures, as managers tend to lack interpersonal relationship skills, do not know how to work with PPDs and therefore, tend to adopt a discriminatory attitude towards them. The problems can be minimized through structural improvements, such as the removal of both organizational and physical barriers in the plant. Key word: ergonomics. Work relationship. Inclusion. Accessibility. People with disabilities.


Architect Chen Ling has a great deal of education and practice experience at home and abroad. This article points out that in Chen Ling's opinion, the task of an architect, is using construction technologies to create plain and plummily good architecture which are places amiable and comfortable.Taking the Club at Legacy Garden, Karl Community and Fenghua Tiancheng as examples, this article further explains Chen's ideas on plain and plummily good architecture, which includes simple and chic form, open neighborhood, integrity of living behavior and space, and harmony of ecological environment and architecture, etc.


Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a debilitating disorder seen in chronic kidney disease patients and is characterized by stiffening of the joints and thickening of the skin. Treatment options are limited, but some patients have had an improvement of their clinical symptoms after renal transplantation and the use of immunosuppression. Although there is a variable response to renal transplantation, it is currently unknown what factors promote a favorable outcome. Our objective was to evaluate if the response to renal transplantation was superior to other treatment modalities and to determine which characteristics allowed for a positive response to occur. We retrieved the data from the literature of 298 reported patients, compared the response to renal transplantation and to other treatments, and analyzed their characteristics. We found that more patients had a higher response to renal transplantation, as determined by softening of the skin and improved joint mobility, and among those that did respond, they had a shorter dialysis vintage. We suggest that if renal transplantation is to be considered as a treatment modality, it should be initiated at the earliest possible in the course of the disease to achieve maximum clinical benefit.


IntroductionThe impressive and unprecedented development of sport activities - including the affirmation of sport management - is strongly dependent on appropriate scientific knowledge, based on correct methodological and statistical procedures for reliable inference. There is a clear tendency of higher generalization of the acquired scientific and research conclusions, thereby generating conditions for more rapid development of sport management in near future, for the ultimate purpose of realization of the personal and social needs of the humanity.In the contemporary scientific and research practice of sport management, more exact methodological and statistical procedures are being applied, in order to fulfill more rigorous methodological criteria in favour of acquiring successful and efficient planning, organization, coordination, control and other functions of sport management. The latter appears to be one of the most important factors for social development of sport activities. If these criteria are insufficiently observed, the influence of adequate sport management methods and procedure will be limited. The shortcomings will be evident, both in terms of achieving more rational and successful results in mass sports and in top-level sport activities, which are interdisciplinary related to the corresponding activities in other social spheres.In this context, the central objective of this article is critically examine the basic characteristics of selected up-to-date research from the point of view of the appropriateness and exactness of applied methodological and statistical procedures that could serve as scientific contribution in resolution of appropriate sport management aims. The second section elaborates the sport management treatment in the relevant literature, whereas the third section underscores the importance of determination, verification and comparison of the metrical characteristics of measurement instruments. The necessity for greater reliance on multivariate methodological and statistical procedures is discussed in the next section, whereas the use of advanced methodological and statistical procedures is examined in the fifth section.Sport Management Treatment in Terms of Research TypesAt certain scientific sport management events, there is a tendency of presentation of papers that are not quite adjusted to the suggested framework topics. A significant body of the empirical literature is characterized by questionable methodological approach, which is not sufficiently based on scientific findings acquired by application of accurate scientific methods. Yet, these papers contain a high content of professional and didactical procedures.At these events, it is common that transversal and operative researches are over-represented in comparison with the fundamental, longitudinal and experimental research. Therefore, fostering the application of experimental methods is indispensable component of the strategy for increasing the number of such researches presented at those events. The greater reliance on quantitative methods is also expected to increase their visibility in the sport management and related journals, thereby discontinuing the practice of deficient interdisciplinary application of descriptive methods. It is clear that fundamental, longitudinal and experimental researches require extensive time dimension and expressive scientific erudition. However, they do provide significant scientific findings relevant for the sport management. For instance, the influential study by Cuskelly, Mclntyre and Boag (1998) is based on longitudinal research; employing data for total of 469 subjects who were volunteer administrators in 52 randomly selected sporting clubs and associations. In their research, a hierarchical regression analysis has been applied.Determination, Verification and Comparison of Metrical Characteristics of Measurement InstrumentsIn sport management theory and practice, there are numerous cases in which during the realization of certain researches, specific measurement instruments are applied, but they are not previously verified by appropriate methodological and statistical procedures. …


This paper aim to survey the motivation, perception and expectation of visitors in the historical site of Bunk' Art, an atomic bunker built during 1960-1970 in Tirana, Albania turned into a historical museum in November 2014. Exploring visitor's perceptions of the site in relation with historic heritage is an important factor for understanding tourist motivations and behavior for further management of the site. The survey was conducted with tourist visitors directly at the specific site using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social science. Results indicate that identified motives were "educational experience", "heritage experience" and "recreational experience". The visitors considered the site part of their heritage and a good motivation for visiting it in the future. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n3s1p697


Road traffic is a social situation where participants heavily interact with each other. Consequently, communication plays an important role. Typically, the communication between pedestrians and drivers is nonverbal and consists of a combination of gestures, eye contact, and body movement. However, when vehicles become automated, this will change. Previous work has investigated the design and effectiveness of additional communication cues between pedestrians and automated vehicles. It remains unclear, though, how this impacts the perceptions of the quality of communication and impressions of mindfulness and prosociality. In this paper, we report an online experiment, where we evaluated the perception of communication cues in the form of on-road light projections, across different traffic scenarios and roles. Our results indicate that, while the cues can improve communication, their effect is dependent on traffic scenarios. These results provide preliminary implications for the design of communication cues that consider their prosocial aspects.


The article by Thordardottir et al. in a recent issue of SLEEP reports on posttraumatic sleep disturbances in a unique cohort of avalanche survivors.1 Their major findings of dream enactment behavior (DEB) in children and posttraumatic nightmares (PTN) in adults persisting 16 years after trauma provide further evidence for posttraumatic parasomnias. This is an understudied aspect of sleep, specifically how traumatic events incite sleep disorders. We commend the authors on their findings, but would characterize their findings as "trauma-related" as opposed to "PTSDrelated" sleep disturbances. In fact, the author's findings using the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale reported no difference in any of the age groups assessed in terms of meeting criteria for PTSD. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum (PSQI-A) characterized the presence or absence of disruptive nocturnal behaviors (DNB), with survivors having significantly increased DEB and PTN compared to controls. While this instrument was originally developed to assess DNB in patients with PTSD,2 we now recognize that it is likely a better measure of trauma-related sleep disturbances, rather than PTSD per se. Specifically, the PSQI-A questions regarding hot flashes, episodes of terror, and acting out dreams are indicative of a parasomnia incited by trauma which was not characterized when the instrument was developed. This is an important distinction in that trauma survivors can have exclusively nocturnal symptoms which may be inadequately recognized by both patients and clinicians, and thus, remain untreated.3 The literature on trauma has primarily focused on PTSD, with nightmares and insomnia as symptoms of PTSD. It is our contention that trauma can incite sleep disorders, including insomnia, nightmares, and parasomnias without the comorbid diagnosis of PTSD. Regarding parasomnias, it is well recognized that PTN differ from idiopathic nightmares. Nightmare content in PTN frequently relates to prior trauma and there are associated symptoms that range from sympathetic activation with tachycardia, tachypnea, and night sweats to vocalizations and DEB. We previously reported four military personnel who presented with this constellation of clinical findings.4 Their polysomnograms demonstrated variable amounts of REM without atonia (RWA) with one patient having a documented nightmare with DEB during REM. All of the patients had clinical improvement with prazosin. The onset of their symptoms after trauma, in association with sleep disruption and therapeutic response to prazosin, led us to propose trauma associated sleep disorder (TSD) as a novel parasomnia. In our cohort there were confounding factors to include 2 of the patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), a medication class associated with RWA, but not necessarily DNB.5 How DNB develops following trauma is of substantial import. Thordardottir et al. propose that trauma during the developmental pii: sp-00462-16 ht tp://dx.doi.org/10.5665/sleep.6330


Agent-based global search algorithms employ a set of search agents to traverse a given design space in pursuit of an optimum solution, and are normally accepted as the most reliable methods for finding a global optimum in a complex design space. However, when non-linear constraints are present in the optimization problem, modifications have to be made to such algorithms to allow the handling of these constraints. The gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is a recent addition to the family of global search methods but, to date, little research has been presented focussed on dealing with the handling of constrained optimization using GSA. To that end, this paper presents a constraint handling method specifically for use with GSA called separation-sub-swarm (3S), that splits the primary swarm into a feasible and infeasible swarm where the sub-swarms optimize either the constraints or the true objective function, which has the advantage of being algorithmically independent so is applicable to any agent-based search algorithm. This algorithm is applied here first to constrained analytical optimizations, and shown to be very effective and efficient. It is further applied to a transonic aerodynamic shape optimization problem and a problem that is subject to research by the AIAA Design Optimization Discussion group, again showing impressive results.


When Ruskin coined the term 'Mediaevalism', he did so as a way of contrasting what he saw as a distinctive visual style with two other historical styles, 'Classicalism' and 'Modernism'. Ruskin's terms have since been broadened to include much more than visual style, but his aesthetic preoccupation still clings to 'medievalism'.1 As a consequence, comparatively little has been said about the political implications of turning to the Middle Ages as a model of style or behaviour. On the face of it, those implications would seem to be conservative and authoritarian. Divine right monarchy, theocracy, social and cosmic hierarchy, theological descriptions of authority, all are political ideas that originated in the Middle Ages or achieved dominance then, and all belong to the decidedly conservative end of the political spectrum. One immediately thinks, for example, of how medievalism flourished in the reactionary political atmosphere of nineteenth-century England, when a theological definition of authoritarian order from the past appealed to those with power and privilege as they confronted the threat of political revolution and rapid social change. But while a nostalgic perception of the medieval authority undoubtedly characterizes the nineteenth century, that understanding did not arise then for the first time. Every river has a source, and what might well be thought of as the river of nineteenth-century medievalism is no exception. Just as the conception of the 'middle ages' itself had to arise some time after what we think of as the Middle Ages, so medievalism as a nostalgically conceived repository of political conservatism had to arise at some point after the thing itself had passed, or at least was perceived to have passed. What I want to suggest here is that the key ingredients of what would eventually emerge as nineteenth-century medievalism can be found in the seventeenth century and specifically in the rise of Stuart absolutism under James I. To be sure, in laying down the foundations of centralized power, the Tudors had consciously preserved and in some cases revived certain symbols and rituals of power that had arisen much earlier and were essentially neo-medieval, for they had been rendered obsolete in practice by Tudor policy itself. Court rituals such as the tournament or the disguising, for


and Paper Given the wide diversity of procedures that have been used for protecting sensitive data, there is considerable interest in developing a framework that is capable of bringing all (or at least most) of the methods under this framework. The permutation paradigm provides such a framework for many methods. In this study, we consider bistochastic anonymization in which the anonymized data Y are obtained from the original data using a bistochastic Markov transition matrix. We show that that this approach modifies the informational content in a way consistent with information theory. It also encompasses the two well know privacy models (k-anonymity and differential privacy). Finally, it provides a connection with the permutation paradigm thereby linking statistical disclosure control methods as well. Bistochastic Anonymization: A Unifying Approach to Anonymization


In this paper, we are interested in high-quality imaging of still objects with only received power measurements of off-the-shelf WiFi transceivers. We show that the scattered WiFi signals off of objects carry much richer information about the edges of the objects than the surface points. Based on this observation, we then propose a completely different way of thinking about this imaging problem. More specifically, we propose Wiffract, a new foundation for imaging objects via edge tracing. Our approach uses the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) and the corresponding Keller cones to image edges of the object. We extensively validate our approach with 37 experiments in three different areas, including through-wall scenarios. We take developing a WiFi Reader as one example application to showcase the capabilities of our proposed pipeline. More specifically, we show how our approach can successfully image several alphabet-shaped objects. We further show that our approach enables WiFi to read, i.e., correctly classify the letters, with an accuracy of 86.7%. Finally, we show how our approach enables WiFi to image and read through walls, by imaging the details and further reading the letters of the word "BELIEVE" through walls. Overall, our proposed approach can open up new directions for RF imaging.


This paper has studied fuel consumption in Nagel-Schreckenberg traffic flow model. The dependence of fuel consumption (per km per vehicle) on the average density ρ, the maximum velocity vmax, and the randomization probability p is studied. The relationship between fuel consumption and average velocity is also investigated. Our simulations indicate to minimize fuel consumption, different average velocities need to be maintained under different traffic flow situations. INTRODUCTION Recently, traffic congestion has become more and more serious in large cities, especially in developing countries, such as in Beijing and Shanghai in China (Helbing, 2001; Chowdhury et al, 2000). It has been empirically observed that complex dynamic phenomena such as stop-and-go traffic, phantom jams, and capacity drop will appear in congested traffic. Obviously, this increases fuel consumption and vehicle emission. Nevertheless, little progress has been made to understand the effects of traffic dynamics on fuel consumption (Ericsson et al, 2006; Greenwood et al, 2007). To model the traffic dynamics, different kinds of traffic flow models are presented, including the car-following models, the cellular automaton (CA) models, the fluid dynamic models and the gas-kinetic-based models. Compared with other models, the CA models' evolution rules are simple, straightforward to understand, computationally efficient and sufficient to emulate much of the behavior of observed traffic flow, therefore, using CA has become a well-established method to model, analyze, understand, and even forecast the behavior of real road traffic. The Nagel-Schreckenberg model was presented in 1992 and it is a minimal CA model in the sense that any simplification will lead to unrealistic traffic behaviors (Nagel and Schreckenberg, 1992). In the model, such phenomena as spontaneous appearance of jams and stop-and-go traffic could be reproduced. Since the birth of Nagel-Schreckenberg model, there have been an overwhelming number of proposals and publications in this field. The aim of this paper is to investigate fuel consumption in Nagel-Schreckenberg model. The dependence of fuel consumption (per km per vehicle) on the average density ρ, the maximum velocity vmax, and the randomization probability p is studied. The relationship between fuel consumption and average velocity is also investigated. The paper is organized as follows. In the next section, the Nagel-Schreckenberg model is reviewed and the basic simulation results are introduced. In section3, the fuel consumption model


A new numerical algorithm for the solution of large-order eigenproblems typically encountered in linear elastic finite element systems is presented. The architecture of parallel processing is used in the algorithm to achieve increased speed and efficiency of calculations. The algorithm is based on the frontal technique for the solution of linear simultaneous equations and the modified subspace eigenanalysis method for the solution of the eigenproblem. The advantages of this new algorithm in parallel computer architecture are discussed.


Abstract In this paper, we consider, in discrete time,a single machine system that operates for a period of time represented by a general distribution. Optimal and repair times distribution following discrete-phase type distribution. This machine is subject to breakdown during operations and the occurrence of these breakdowns depends on how many times the machine has previously breakdown. The machine may fail to operate with probability depending on the number of jobs completed since the last repair. Repair times also have a general distribution. The machine experiences a non-repairable failure, it is replaced by another machine. we obtain the stationary distribution of the system and the optimal time for replacing the machine with a new one.