The present invention discloses a method for preparing 2-chloro-pyridine nitrogen oxides. The method according to 2-chloropyridine and 2-chloro-pyridin-catalyst: catalyst ratio of mass 1︰0.05-0.5 mixing, stirring, at a temperature of 40-90 deg.] C, adding hydrogen peroxide for reaction; (2) maintaining the temperature constant, the reaction was stirred for 10 hours, then cooled to room temperature, after the reaction was filtered to give 2-chloropyridine-N-oxide solution; molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to said 2-chloropyridine is 0.8 to 3.5: 1; the said catalyst is MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve as a catalyst carrier. In this high activity, high selectivity catalyst, 2-chloropyridine reacts with hydrogen peroxide to give 2-chloropyridine N-oxide, 2-chloropyridine reaction conversion rate reached 100%, 2-chloropyridine N-oxide yield 98%.


The metropolitan cities of India are reeling under the pressure of severe water scarcity. Chennai is among the worst affected as it has suffered long spells of water shortages combined with rapid and haphazard urbanization of its ever-expanding suburbs. In light of the above, the water bodies that supply precious water to the human population and to the flora and fauna gain paramount importance. The present study was undertaken to asses the quality of water in three important lakes of southern suburban Chennai which recharge the ground water as well as harbours a diversity of plant and animal life. All the three lakes suffer from encroachments, dumping and burning of wastes, and unchecked inflow of domestic and industrial effluents. The parameters studied were: colour, odour, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, alkalinity, total hardness, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, sulphate and chloride.


Resting Escherichia coli B and K-12 cells suspended in a phosphate buffer solution were exposed to alternating current (AC) of 50 Hz. The surviving fractions of cells exposed to AC were decreased with an increase in current density from 0 to 300mA/cm2 at 29±3°C for a definite exposure time. At a definite current density the fractions were decreased proportionally with exposure time. Even for conditions of definite exposure time and current density, the fractions varied depending on the concentration of cells initially suspended in buffer solution in AC-exposure chamber. E. coli cells were more resistant to AC-exposure under anaerobic conditions than aerobic conditions. Addition of catalase to the cell suspension during AC-exposure effectively protected both strains. Methionine and albumin had mild protective effects, but chemicals, such as cysteine, ehanol or α-tocopherol had little protective effect.


At present, water resources contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms have an increasingly serious impact on human health. Photocatalytic sterilization using solar energy is an inexpensive and effective method. However, how to...


This article is a foreword for the special issue on Gravitational Wave Detection and Fundamental Physics in Space for International Journal of Physics D. In the foreword, we review briefly the history of the development of mission concepts and projects for the gravitational wave detection in space together with fundamental physics missions. We summarize briefly the gravitational-wave detection-in-space science goals and the current progress in the experimental & technological developments presented in the articles of this special issue, and list the articles with publication information and arXiv numbers.


Pilate's exercises were originally designed for and used by performance artists, but have enjoyed wider popularity in recent years [1]. Joseph H. Pilates developed a comprehensive program known as the Pilates method in the 1920's. Over the last decade, the popularity of this set of exercises has grown and Pilates is now used as a form of fitness and holistic health [2]. The Pilates method can offer significant improvement in personal autonomy, static balance and quality of life in elderly females [3]. The abdominal muscles flex the lumbar spine, where rectus abdominis is particularly powerful muscle. Acting collectively, the abdominal muscles not only increase intra-abdominal pressure but also affect forced expiration, sneezing and coughing [4]. Rectus abdominis muscle is one of the anterior abdominal muscles. This muscle is originated from pubic crest and pubic symphysis and inserted in xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7. It is innervated by intercostal nerve (T7-T11) and subcostal nerve (T12). Function of rectus abdominis is to depress ribs and flex trunk [5].


Stirred vessels and agitated reactors are frequently used to prepare and store suspensions of poly-disperse slurries (e.g. water sludge, paints, particulate food mixtures, emulsions, and paper pulp suspensions). These suspensions are generally non-Newtonian: shear thinning and display an apparent yield stress. In mixing operations, this creates caverns (regions of active motion) around the impellers with the cavern size affecting the quality of mixing attained. Though ubiquitous, these systems are still poorly understood mainly due to the complex rheology of these fluids and the lack of available and affordable measurement techniques able to see through such opaque systems. Advanced optical techniques like LDV and PIV available for the diagnosis of fluid flows rely on the transparency of the fluid investigated, therefore model fluids, typically polymer solutions must be used when applying these techniques to advance our understanding in this area. In this work we have used PIV to investigate details of the flow of shear thinning fluids with an apparent yield stress (modeled by aqueous carbopol solutions) in a laboratory-scale vessel axially agitated with a side-entering impeller. The geometrical configuration of this vessel was derived from the scale down of industrial systems for agitation of paper pulp suspensions (Gomez et al., 2010), and it is a common configuration in numerous process industries


Abstract : The Military Airlift Command (MAC) is faced with an ever-increasing pilot retention problem. In recognizing this problem, MAC submitted a Strategic Airlift Aircrew Survey (SAAS) to the MAC aircrew members in 1977. The results of the SAAS indicated that an unstable flying schedule was a primary cause of the high voluntary pilot separation rates. This thesis has examined the MAC flying schedule to determine if there are any relatively predictable elements to the schedule. The authors have taken the predictable elements and have devised techniques for employment at the squadron level to create additional stability in the pilot's flying schedule. The areas of predictability were determined through the use of normality and T-Tests. Regression analysis was then employed to aid the squadron's pilot scheduler in preparing a complete monthly flying schedule prior to the beginning of the affected month. If increased stability in the schedule is achieved, pilot retention rates should increase dramatically. (Author)


We report sector-level results from the Strategy and Performance in the Energy Industry (SCOPE) Survey conducted among professionals in the energy industry (so called "insiders") to measure their perceptions about specific companies on multiple dimensions. The study includes 51 of the most prominent oil & gas companies covering six sectors: integrated oil & gas, exploration and production, midstream oil & gas, oil & gas services, refining and marketing, and engineering, project management, and construction. The study dataset includes responses from 1,978 oil & gas industry insiders who provided a total of 4,742 company evaluations. Results revealed that financial management, safety, leadership & strategy, and global focus are assessed relatively highly by respondents whereas corporate social responsibility, crisis handling, and innovation are rated relatively lower. The refining sector is consistently the worst performer of the six sectors. The best performer honors are enjoyed by the integrated oils in eight of ten performance factors. Six performance factors are significant predictors of the firm's overall reputation. We also report results of an importance-performance analysis to help prioritize dimensions of strategic performance.


This article deals with testing the algorithm developed for autonomous control lock of the differential in a truck. Hardware for hardware in the loop testing of robotic systems or automotive systems is used and the proposed control algorithm was implemented into it. The system was applied to a vehicle with 8 × 8 drive and control algorithm evaluates input sensor values to set robotic console control. It is an actuator which consists of electrovalve, pneumatic cylinder, console, special dog clutch and feedback limit switch. This robotic console is used to lock the truck differentials. Verification of the correct algorithm operation was performed by manoeuvres and the response of the whole system was monitored. The aim was to get the reaction times of this mechatronic robotic system and evaluate them.


Proposals for a modern concept of genre in the aesthetics of Benedetto Croce From an essay of 1894 up to his last writings of 1952, Benedetto Croce, whose philosophy dominated fifty years of Italian aesthetics and criticism, denied the value of literary genres. While Croce's veto undoubtedly caused a temporal gap in Italian genre theory, from another perspective it may also be considered an advantage. In fact, Croce's tabula rasa gave room to reflexions on genre which were free from tradition and open to innovation. In this article it is argued that in Croces own thought and criticism one notices some of the fundamental aspects of modern genre theory.


The article focuses on the analysis of innovative approaches carried under the theory and practice of modern management. The author points out the need to consider social factors of management as one of the key aspects of increasing its overall effectiveness and performance. A gradual transformation of the existing organization management system takes place and this is manifested in the humanization of organizational relationship, rethinking the authority system, their redistribution and delegation, changing approaches to the adoption, optimization and implementation of managerial decisions. One of the important aspects of these processes is the implementation of social responsibility practices, in which three main areas can be identified. One of the key factors of these processes can be considered the humanization of organizational relationship.


Background HIV services in England face substantial challenges arising from financial pressures and changes to commissioning. A sustainable HIV specialist nursing workforce will be vital to enable them to respond to those challenges. Aims This paper examines the current workforce situation in HIV services across the country. Methods This mixed-method study involved semi-structured interviews with 19 key stakeholders and with 44 nurses/physicians from 21 purposively selected HIV services across England. Data were interpreted using a framework analysis approach. Results 'Building a career in HIV nursing' identified problems associated with retention and recruitment. Changes in commissioning are disrupting common career routes from sexual health to HIV nursing, and a perceived lack of a clear career pathway was seen as a barrier to recruitment. 'Developing a specialist workforce' explored the professional development of the current workforce, which was hampered by poor access to funding or study time for advanced study and the absence of an HIV-specific advanced nursing qualification. Conclusions The HIV nursing workforce, which provides an increasing proportion of HIV care, is facing serious recruitment and retention challenges. A strategic approach to workforce development and training is essential to overcome systemic barriers and secure the next generation of skilled practitioners.


It is the purpose of this note to show that there exists an infinite Boolean algebra which has no proper automorphisms.' We shall construct a simply ordered set S, introduce a topology on this set in the usual manner, the so-called interval topology determined by the ordering relation,2 and prove that S is a compact zero-dimensional Hausdorff space and that the only homeomorphism on S onto S is the identity mapping. It is well known3 that the group of automorphisms of the set-field 3 consisting of all open and closed subsets of S is isomorphic to the group of all homeomorphisms on S onto S, whence it follows that B3 has no proper automorphisms. Consider a simply ordered set S with at least two elements. By the interval topology on S we mean the topology which has as a subbasis for open sets, the family of all sets UCS such that either


This paper presents a new method for determining the fault location on two-terminal transmission lines using genetic algorithm. Distributed time-domain model of the transmission line is used to derive the fault location equations; therefore, impact of shunt capacitance of the line is fully considered. Synchronous post-fault voltage and current measurements from both sides of the line and the line parameters are used as the initial data for this method, while no assumption on the source impedance and fault type is made. Using the modal transformation, the presented method is applicable to both transposed and un-transposed lines and is independent of the fault type. By the use of time-domain model, the algorithm does not require filtering high frequency components and DC offset since these components are taken into account in the model. Evaluation studies based on EMTP/ATP simulation data demonstrate that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is very high in different fault locations and fault resistances.


Using high-quality data on 149 galaxies within 10 Mpc, I find no correlation between luminosity and peculiar velocity at all. There is no unequivocal sign on scales of 1-2 Mpc of the expected gravitational effect of the brightest galaxies, in particular infall toward groups, or of infall toward the supergalactic plane on any scale. Either dark matter is not distributed in the same way as luminous matter in this region, or peculiar velocities are not due to fluctuations in mass. The sensitivity of peculiar velocity studies to the background model is highlighted.


A facile and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles and biscoumarin derivatives, using non-toxic and magnetically separable catalyst in water as green solvent, is reported.


Alpha is a diversified listed company, which developed from a single toy company to a company with four business sectors. Its development strategy is worth being studied. This essay focuses on Alpha's corporate-level strategies. With the introduction and analysis of the internal and external environment of Alpha Company, and combining with the analysis of the company business model, the paper used the analysis tools such as SWOT and PEST to study the management model and business portfolios of the company. In the process of diversification development of many Chinese enterprises, they often focus on business-level strategy, while ignoring the importance of corporate-level strategy. This may make them ignore the expansion of investment, support of the core business and the coordination of the business. Therefore, the corporate strategy is an important factor for the enterprise's development. Then, the paper draws the conclusion that the management model needed to be adjusted, and the business portfolios needed to be improved. According to this conclusion, it figured out the Alpha's strategic objectives and planning schemes, and set the diversification strategy, which might be suitable for the company development. Finally, the paper put forward the concrete measures of corporate-level strategy, including five aspects of the management adjustment measures, which are the adjustment of the organizational structure, the management of the integration of acquisition resources, R & D resources' integration, integration of human resources and integration of sales resources. Conclusions might provide some effective suggestions for building the company's long-term strategy.


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Du. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. The opinions of community-centered engagement and health care during and after COVID-19 pandemic


The concept of delirium has been with us for over two thousand years. Greek physicians, such as Hippocrates, described its essential features' and the Roman writer Celsus distinguished it from mania and depression.2 Galen differentiated between primary (idiopathic) and secondary (symptomatic) forms of the disorder.' Delirium is common in the hospital setting.4 It often goes undiagnosed in its early stages5 and may therefore present as a neurological emergency. If untreated, it is associated with a high mortality.6 The following article will therefore pay close attention to the diagnosis of the condition and its proper management. In addition, we will review its epidemiology, aetiology and pathogenesis.


Fallow deer killed in road accidents in Epping Forest during 1964 have been examined as part of an investigation of this dark coloured herd. Most of the deer were killed in October and November. More males were killed than females. It would appear that the winter coat differs from the summer coat only in being thicker and less glossy; the hairs are coarser and there is a tendency for the spots to be less apparent. Fawns have a spotted coat. The health of the deer appears to be good. The animals have been weighed and measured and the skins and skeletons have been preserved. The bones, stomach, intestines, reproductive organs, thyroid and adrenal glands, lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen have been examined and/or preserved from most of the animals.


Emiliania h uxleyi clones CCMP 370 and CCMP 373 produced similar amounts of dimethylsulfoniopro-pionate (DMSP) during axenic exponential growth, averaging 109 mM internal DMSP. Both clones had detectable DMSP lyase activity, as measured by production ofdimethyl sulfide (DMS) during in vitro assays of crude cell preparations, but activities and conditions differed considerably between clones. Clone 373 had high activity; clone 370 had low activity and required chloride. For both strains, enzyme activity per cell was constant during exponential growth, but little DMS was produced by healthy cells. Rather, DMS production was activated when cells were subjected to physical or chemical stresses that caused cell lysis. We propose that DMSP lyase and DMSP are segregated within these cells and reaction only under conditions that result in cell stress or damage. Such activation occurs during microzooplankton grazing. When these clones were grazed by the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina, DMS was produced; ungrazed


The development of small medium enterprise in Indonesia is very fast, but this development is inconsistent with their knowledge about recording their business activities. Assume that most of the recording activity in the business activities is not an important so that the business they run is not optimal. It is also due to their understanding of accounting is less. Less of knowledge of accounting will have negative impact for exemple is difficult to determine the position, assets, debt, and capital, difficult set profit / loss efforts appropriately, the cost can not be determined exactly, it is difficult to received credit from banks, it is difficult in the imposition of tax. To overcome this needs to be accounting guidance program for small entrepreneur.
This research included in the descriptive research. The sample was used a small entrepreneur in Bangkalan and Burneh District of Bangkalan Regency by 65 respondents. The sample intrepretation techniques used quote sampling. The research data was taken use a questionnaire. After the tabulated, data are analyzed use frequency distributions and cross tabulations.
The results showed that most accountability of small entrepreneurs in Bangkalan and Burneh District of Bangkalan Regency is low because only keep the books or records in the form of expenditures and receipts alone. Low accountability of small entrepreneurs in Bangkalan and Burneh District of Bangkalan Regency because the level of their understanding of accounting concepts is less. Then for the accounting guidance variable most respondents with all levels of existing knowledge that is less, enough, and good answers agree with the holding of accounting guidance to small entrepreneur.
Seeing the results of this research should be done accounting guidance to small entrepreneur in Bangkalan and Burneh District of Bangkalan Regency to increase their understanding of accounting concepts so that they can make a good bookkeeping for his business and is in the form of accountability that they are doing better.

Keywords : Accountability, Accounting Guidance, Small Entrepreneur.


The economic crisis is still on the lips of economic and political analysts from nations around the world, even more so in places where its effects continue to make themselves felt. Romania is among these troubled countries, having to deal with no just the aftermath but also signs of a possible relapse. This paper begins with a brief presentation of the economic crisis, focusing on the national specificities along with its EU member status and their effects on the evolution of the situation. Following that, the more important elements of the presented situation are identified and individually analyzed, with the purpose of identifying useful information for any possible future crisis. The final purpose of the paper is to determine the trajectory of a future crisis by taking into account inefficient management of the economic system and the strategies used to safeguard the economy, which have up until now failed to properly deal with the situation. In order to properly achieve this purpose, the analysis will attempt to identify the impact of the crisis on the healthcare system and its post-crisis configuration as well as the steps taken at the administrative level. The results of this interdisciplinary research are meant to be used as a source for a future expansion of the study and to bring attention to certain areas that can show a possible recurrence in the future.


The antibacterial activity of Augmentin (Amoxycillin and Clavulanic acid) was determined on 100 bacterial strains isolated from the pathological specimens. A significant difference in the sensitivity pattern between Augmentin and the other commonly used B-lactam antibiotics was noted with respect to the strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. The Minimum inhibitory. Concentration (MIC) of Augmentin for S. aureus was lower than that for E. coli and Klebsiella sp. However the MIC values are more than one quarter to half the concentration of the clavulanic acid which can be obtained in the serum with usual recommended dosage. It was also observed that the concentration of clavulanic acid in the discs employed for the disc diffusion test was 5 times more than the peak serum levels achieved with usual dosage. Hence our study concludes that though Augmentin shows significant in vitro activity against some commonly encountered bacteria, which does not correlate with the peak serum values in vivo. Further studies using having lower concentration of clavulanic acid are needed.


Purpose. The research purpose is to substantiate a rational technology for mining steep-dipping ore bodies based on a complex of geomechanical studies in combined mining of deposits. Methods. Analysis of existing constructive methods for calculating the optimal mining system parameters when mining under-open-pit ore reserves in the zone of influence of surface mining operations, taking into account the natural stress-strain state of the rock mass. Numerical modeling is used to study the geomechanical processes occurring in the mass during the mining of under-open-pit reserves of steep-dipping ore bodies in order to substantiate the mining system with ore shrinkage. The geotechnical mapping of mine workings is conducted directly in the face to determine the mass rating. Findings. The calculation of the optimal parameters for the stope chamber, inter-chamber and inter-level pillars based on a complex of geomechanical studies has shown that the more intense horizontal stresses act in the bottom of the blocks and in the inter-block pillars, in which a large number of board gates have been driven. Originality. For the first time, using high-precision programs and given the nonuniform distribution of horizontal and vertical stresses acting in the mass for the Abyz Mine conditions, it has been revealed that when mining an individual block, the maximum horizontal stresses around the mined-out space reach 10-15 MPa; when mining a group of blocks – 20-25 MPa. Practical implications. The research results can be used in planning and mining with shrinkage of steep-dipping ore bodies during mining of under-open-pit reserves.


Underwater acoustic positioning system is the application of the best submarine detector positioning technology,has become the standard equipment of offshore exploration. Sonardyne shallow acoustic positioning system( TZ /OBC) is produced by British Sonardyne company,is used to determine the seismic hydrophone cable,or other at the bottom of the object position. This paper briefly introduces the status of related fields,detailed description of the working principle,the system composition,performance and practical operation,and analyses the system's technical superiority and the application prospect,provides an important reference for the application and research of related field.


Using experiences from an urban settlement near Port Vila, this paper illustrates how community mobilization to prevent and control dengue fever was achieved in Vanuatu and how unexpected innovations can occur when national programmes consult with community groups.


AbstractEmpirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is frequently applied to derive patterns and indexes used to identify and track weather and climate modes as expressed in state variables or proxies of convection. Individual EOFs or pairs of EOFs are often taken to be a complete description of the phenomenon they are intended to index. At the same time, in the absence of projection of the phenomenon onto multiple EOFs yielding multiple similar eigenvalues, each EOF is often assumed to represent a physically independent phenomenon. This project analyzed the leading EOFs of the earth's skin temperature on the equator and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies filtered for atmospheric equatorial Kelvin waves. Results show that the leading two EOFs of the skin temperature data—including east Pacific El Nino and El Nino Modoki—frequently evolve as a quadrature pair during El Nino events, even though the first EOF explains roughly 6 times as much variance as the second. They together diagnose the longit...


A retrospective clinical analysis was undertaken at NIH and St Louis U Dept. Peds. in 249 infants who presented with apnea at 0 to 9 mo. of age at the Cardinal Glennon Mem. Hosp. for Children, St Louis, from 12-1-74 to 12-31-82. The study was an attempt to assess whether or not Mg supplementation was beneficial. There were three groups: 201 premature and 26 term neonates, both with apnea neonatorum; and 22 infants (21 term), who first presented with apnea at 49.6±12 days of age. Of the 249 infants, 83 (about one-third) received a minimum course of magnesium (Mg) supplementation, and 167 did not. Mg was given IM as 50% MgSO4. 7H2O, 0.1 ml/kg body wt./day, usually for 5 days; or PO as 10% MgCl2·6H2O, 1 ml/kg/day, usually for 14 days. For purposes of analyzing the data, 5 days of Mg therapy by either route constituted a course for premature neonates, 4 days for others. All premature neonates had apnea, bradycardia, and cyanosis, and 90% had the respiratory distress syndrome; 61 were Mg-treated, 140 were not. More untreated premature neonates received theophylline to control apnea and/or bradycardia (P<0.0005). A follow-up study of all infants showed that Mg-untreated infants had more readmissions with apnea (P<0.0005) and bradycardia (P<0.0005) than Mg-treated. Some degree of respiratory distress was seen in 79%, and neurological findings, in 55% of the readmissions for apnea. Untreated infants had a higher incidence of gastro-esophageal reflux (P<0.0005). All Mg-treated infants survived; nine untreated infants died, three as crib deaths. Further evaluation of Mg in apnea of infancy can be strongly recommended.


Review of past studies and investigations, including prototype measurements and hydraulic model tests; reveal some indications of sediment transport and diffusion in the vicinity of the Columbia Estuary and Entrance. These indications reveal a unique pattern of sediment transport and diffusion prevailing in this region. This leads to the conclusion that the estuary is acting as a trap for collection of bottom sediments and that, immediately offshore, the forces of erosion and accretion have established a regime that is also worthy of detailed further study.


*Corresponding authors: firstname.lastname@example.com,email@example.com † Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) available: Matlab code request for PbLIM and its user interface image; optical layout for the wide field fluorescence setup; cross-section of the photobleaching decay; photobleaching lifetime images with the respective initial condition for the fluorescence. See DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x Received 00th January 20xx, Accepted 00th January 20xx


A simple two-dimensional model for evaluating the efficiency of ICRF coupling to a slab plasma is developed. The model takes advantage of the very low plasma surface impedance associated with the propagating magnetosonic wave to obtain lowest order analytical expressions for the surface RF magnetic field. The calculations are used to compare the loading characteristics of a simple loop antenna with a cavity resonator for high power ICRF heating.


This research aims to study the lighting system from magnetic field energy designing for the prototype in uses to produce electrical energy by use the specification of permanent magnet. The experimental results show performance of the magnetic field generator which is made from neodymium magnet to...


ADE LADIES CHAHYANINGTIAS. Secondary Metabolites from Methanol Extract of Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria) Rhizome. Supervised by GUSTINI SYAHBIRIN and AULIYA ILMIAWATI. Temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria) known commercially as kunyit putih is a species of Zingiberaceae plants, for which its rhizome is commonly used as traditional medicine. The objectives of this study were to obtain secondary metabolites from the methanol extract of the rhizome and identify the molecular structures. The methanolic extract was fractionated by using vacuum liquid chromatography with gradient elution of n-hexane:EtOAc and produced 14 eluates. Further fractionation of the 13 eluate by using radial chromatography with gradient elution of n-hexane:dichloromethane produced 2 fractions, which was mixture of compounds. The 13B fraction was fractionated further using radial chromatography and gave 6 fractions. Fraction 13B2 was elucidated as bis-(2ethylhexyl)phthalate by proton magnetic resonance analysis. Fraction 13B5 was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer which showed methyl 4(2-nafthyl)butanoate as the predominant compound, along with a small amount of procurcumenol.


In this study, we propose a configuration of partially blocked oxidant channel with baffle plates transversely inserted in the cathode channel and effects of the fluid dynamics due to the presence or non-presence of the bafϐles and their effect on the fuel cell performance is investigated. A 3D model with the presence of baffle plates is considered and a set of equations (continuity, momentum, species and charge together with electrochemical kinetics) in the form of single domain is developed and solved numerically. The baffles block the main flow in the cathode channel and force more reactant gases to turn to the GDL. This fact implies an enhancement of the oxygen mass flux at the GDL and catalyst surface, especially at the position beneath the location of the baffle plates. An increase in the number of baffles contribute to the reactant gas transport to GDL with more uniform distribution of gas in the GDL and catalyst layer, especially in high current densities, where it leads to a penalty of high pressure - loss. The predictions indicate that the local transport of the reactant gas would enhance the local current densities and the fuel cell performance in presence of baffle in the channel.


BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE
Low level expression of some co-stimulatory molecules is an important mechanism for tumor to evade the attack of immunity system; up-regulating these molecules can enhance antitumor immune response. Mouse melanoma B16-F1 cell line is low immunogenic. This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of co-stimulatory molecule 4-1BBL combined with hot shock protein 70 (Hsp70)-tumor antigen peptides on pulmonary metastasis of melanoma in mice, and to analyze the possible mechanism.

METHODS
After establishment of B16-F1 melanoma pulmonary metastasis model, the mice were divided into combination (4-1BBL plus Hsp70-B16) group, 4-1BBL group, Hsp70-B16-F1 group, empty vector group, and normal saline(NS) group, and relevantly received subcutaneous immunization of Hsp70-B16 peptides complex and simultaneous injection of plasmid p4-1BBL via the tail vein. Seventeen days after inoculation of B16 cells, the mice were killed to count pulmonary metastasis nodes under microscope, and to detect a series of immunologic parameters, liver function, and kidney function.

RESULTS
The number of pulmonary metastasis nodes was significantly smaller in combination group than in 4-1BBL group and Hsp70-B16 group (50+/-8 vs. 500+/-80 and 450+/-40, P0.01); the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum were significantly higher in combination group than in NS group (200.31+/-25.36 vs. 56.89+/-16.55, P0.05; 1 870.53+/-204.28 vs. 610.30+/-120.05, P0.01). The liver and kidney functions of mice in each group are normal.

CONCLUSION
4-1BBL in combination with Hsp70-B16 peptides can effectively inhibit melanoma pulmonary metastasis mainly through augmenting the function of peripheral T lymphocytes.


Introduction: As insight and understanding of giant planet atmospheres continues to expand and computers continue to become more powerful, scientists are able to produce increasingly complicated photo-chemical [1], seasonal [1,2], and multidimensional circulation models to explain the chemical makeup, temperatures and dynamics observed on the outer planets. However, testing of these models is limited by the amount of information observers are able to extract from their observations. We began an observational program in September of 2002, near Saturn's southern summer solstice, to monitor meridionally resolved seasonal variations of temperature and hydrocarbon abundances in Saturn's stratosphere. These detailed observations could then be used as stringent constraints on current [1] or up-coming [2] model developments. We chose to study Saturn rather than Jupiter because Saturn exhibits an axial tilt of 27° compared to Jupiter's modest 3° axial tilt. Saturn's large axial tilt causes it to experience seasonal variations in insolation much like occurs here on Earth. The insolation variations with season cause variations in temperature and photochemistry, which governs the hydrocarbon abundances, with latitude and time. With a year equal to ≈30 Earth years, an observational study of Saturn's seasonal effects is forced into the regime of a monitoring program. However, this does not mean one has to wait for 30 years to derive interesting results, ie. [1,3,4,5]. As Saturn continues to move towards its autumnal equinox, we have retrieved our 3 rd set of comprehensive mid-infrared observations. These observations taken in December 2005 coupled with our previous observations from September 2002 and October 2004 offer the opportunity to measure the thermal variations over a little less than half of a Saturn season. They also allow us to test if the vertical and latitudinal variations of C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 6 , and C 3 H 8 have changed since


Tacitus elsewhere expresses disapproval of the brutal conduct of some administrators of Roman rule (e.g. Hist. 4.14 and Ann. 14.31), the very thing that Calgacus is warning the Caledonians and other British tribes that they will have to face if conquered. W.'s presentation of the issue is too limited, however. The question is not whether Agricola's accomplishments themselves are evil; he is patently an exemplary figure who demonstrates traditional virtus. But the text raises larger questions related both to the changed circumstances of Roman imperialism under the principate, when emperors take libertas from the very Roman citizens who traditionally take it from others, and to the nature of Roman imperialism at this stage in Roman history. The empire is vast and many, many governors, administrators and tax collectors do not perform their jobs scrupulously. Seen in this way, Tacitus' encomium of Agricola becomes far more interesting. Has the principate created a situation in which even an individual acting virtuously contributes to something that in the end is not virtuous? In his notes on the opening words of the Agricola, W. detects allusions to Cato and Xenophon, two authors who affirmed the belief that farmers make the best soldiers. This is classic W. His careful attention to literary references provides a set of allusions to famed advocates of farming as the best source of soldiers at the outset of the biography of a military man named Farmer. He finds agricultural metaphors throughout. While not all readers will accept W.'s interpretative premises, his notes demonstrate an exemplary way of reading Tacitus. He scrutinises each word and phrase of the text to reveal the depth of Tacitus' language and engagement with classical literature. Under his guidance, the new generation of students encountering the Agricola for the first time in Latin will be in good hands.


The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain plays an important role in the network of cellular signal transduction. To identify the peptide motif that can bind to PH domain, the gene encoding the PH domain of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1) was cloned into the fusion expression plasmid vector pRSET A. Then the recombinant plasmids were transformed into competent cell of E.coli JM109(DE3). After induction with IPTG, the positive strain expressed the fusion protein with a hexahistidyl tag on the N-terminal under the control of T7 promoter. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that some of the expressed protein existed in a soluble form. The protein was purified under natural conditions by Ni-NTA metal chelate chromatography. The purity was up to 98%. The purified-protein-coated polystyrene plate was used to screen recombinant phages that could bind onto it. After four rounds of affinity screening, 50 phages that could bind specifically with the PH domain of IRS-1 were selected from a random phage-displayed twelve-peptide library. The peptide sequences of the positive phage clones were analyzed.


ticular Abstract: Process improvement shares many characteristics with product development. Recognizin these similarities is important, but so is recognizing some of the crucial differences. It is vital to the succes of improvement efforts to realize that process change entails cultural change. Numerous social a technical barriers must be overcome to effect lasting improvement. Ten patterns of successful softwa process improvement are described which illustrate some important similarities and differences betwe process improvement and product development.


The use of tracer kinetics provides an important technique for the study of the metabolic activity of tissues. Tracers that concentrate in bone, such as the isotopes 85Sr and 47Ca, have been helpful in examining exchange between circulating blood and bone. The quantity of tracer that enters bone must be related to the blood flow — that is, to the amount of tracer delivered to the bone — and to the diffusion of tracer through the capillary wall of the capillary tube. If bone is like other tissues, the flux of ions and solutes across the capillary wall is related to the flow of the fluid carrying the ions and solutes, to the extraction of ions in the tissue, to the permeability of the capillary wall, and to the surface area of the capillaries.

The quantity of tracer that enters bone can be expressed most simply as deposition for a given period of time. For example, if the period is ten minutes, deposition can be expressed by the formula:

Deposition=BA

where A represents average inflow concentration of tracer during ten minutes and B is the tracer content in bone. The units of A are counts per second per milliliter (counts s−1 ml−1) of blood and the units of B are counts per second per gram (counts s−1 g−1) of bone. Therefore,

Sr85deposition at10min=B(countss−1g−1)A(countss−1ml−1)⋅10min−1=g−1ml−1⋅10−1or=mlg⋅110min

Dividing deposition by the time of the experiment, ten minutes, gives clearance, which has the units milliliters per gram of bone per minute, the same units as those for blood flow in bone. However, clearance may also be viewed as the minimum volume of blood entering an organ per unit of time which is capable of supplying the amount of indicator removed per unit of time from the blood during its passage through the organ. Clearance is the product of flow multiplied by extraction, extraction being the fraction of the injected tracer removed from the blood during passage through the organ. Therefore,

Blood flow=ClearanceExtraction

Indicator-dilution techniques are very helpful in analyzing the complex interrelationships of deposition, clearance, extraction, and flow, because these methods allow measurement of extraction and estimations of permeability of the tissue capillary walls to ions and solutes. The canine tibia provides a good experimental model for such studies, because the nutrient artery is easily cannulated and tracers can be injected directly into the arteries leading to cortical-bone capillaries (Fig. 1). The venous blood leaving the bone can be collected from the ipsilateral femoral vein.

Fig. 1

Tracers are injected into the nutrient artery and blood is collected from the femoral vein.

It is possible to account for 99 per cent4,10 of the injected tracer (85Sr) in this system. An example of such an indicator-dilution curve is illustrated in Figure 2. The fraction of the injected dose of the tracer which appears in the outflow, h(t), is determined from the outflow concentration-time curve. Figure 2 shows the curves for a reference tracer (labeled albumin) that remains intravascular and for a tracer that leaves the capillary (85Sr). The formula for the instantaneous extraction of the test tracer, E(t), is

E(t)=hR(t)−h(t)hR(t)

where R indicates the intravascular reference tracer (here, albumin-51Cr), hR(t) is the fraction of the intravascular tracer, and h(t) is the fraction of the test tracer (85Sr or sucrose-14C) that appears in the outflow. In essence, it is possible to measure the fraction of the injected dose that is present in the venous outflow from the limb after one transcapillary passage. Although the venous blood includes blood from tissues other than bone, the blood from the other tissues merely dilutes the tracers and does not change their total amounts or relative concentrations. Using the venous outflow from the limb maximizes the amount of blood collected and gives more accurate results than collecting nutrient-vein blood4.

Fig. 2

Top: Indicator-dilution curves showing changes in the fraction of the reference tracer, hR(t), and in the fraction of the test tracer, h(t), in the outflow in the femoral vein with time.

The amount of test tracer extracted during a single passage through the capillary bed — that is, the extraction — is dependent on the permeability of the capillary, P, expressed as centimeters per second (cm s−1); on the surface area available for exchange, S, in square centimeters per gram of bone tissue (cm2 g−1); and on the flow of the solute-carrying fluid in milliliters per 100 grams of bone per minute. In the case of 85Sr, it is plasma that is the solute-carrying fluid, and its flow, Fs is measured in milliliters of plasma per minute per 100 grams of bone. Crone6 expressed this relationship as the permeability-surface area product, or PS:

PS=−Fsloge(1−E)

The best measure of instantaneous extraction, E(t), is the instantaneous extraction near the peak of the dilution curve, as illustrated in Figure 2. This peak extraction is called Emax. For these experiments, a reliable method of obtaining Emax was to choose the peak of the E(t) curve that was nearest the peak of the reference curve — that is, nearest the peak of the dilution curve of the non-permanent reference tracer, which in these experiments was albumin-51Cr. The reason for this choice is that when the test-tracer curve crosses the curve of the intravascular reference tracer (Fig. 3) on the down slope, back-diffusion of the test tracers into the capillaries is occurring from the extravascular compartment, and this reverse flow decreases the estimate of extraction.

Fig.3

Net extraction, Enet, is equivalent to the shaded areas between the indicator-dilution curves of the reference and of the test tracers divided by the total area beneath the curve of the reference tracer up to time t (see Fig. 2). The cross-hatched area ...

Previous studies of the pattern of blood flow in the region of a canine tibial fracture indicated that mineral deposition is directly related to blood flowl6. In the present series of experiments, using alternative, more sensitive methods, we examined mechanisms of permeation of the tracer 85Sr across the capillary membrane and attempted to establish more accurately the relationships between the extraction of the bone-seeking tracer 85Sr, the blood flow, and the transcapillary passage of 85Sr, a cation that is concentrated in bone. These techniques have been used in other organs such as the kidney, liver, lung, brain, and heart3,6. Furthermore, if extraction changes little with increased flow, then determination of 85Sr clearance provides a useful, inexpensive technique for the estimation of blood flow, especially in studies comparing bones of the right and left sides in the same dog.


This paper aims at presenting different topographic analysis conducted with GIS software in order to detect flood protection structures, natural or artificial, in river floodplains but also in coastal zones. Those computations are relevant because of the availability of high-resolution lidar digital terrain model (DTM). An automatic detection permits to map the footprint of those structures. Then detailed mapping of structure crest is achieved by implementing a least cost path analysis on DTM but also on other terrain aspects such as the curvature. On coastal zones, the analysis is going further by identifying flood protected areas and the level of protection regarding sea level. This article is illustrated by examples on French Mediterranean rivers and coastal areas.


This paper addresses the issue of measuring the degree of inertia in inflation in the presence of potential 'inliers'. It shows that by using robust unit root tests one reaches the same inference on the order of integration of the series as what is revealed by the modified procedure proposed by Cati et al. (1999). The results also suggest that, contrary to previous findings, the degree of inertia in inflation is rather small. Finally, the paper presents simulation results on the finite-sample behavior of unit root tests and of a persistence measure when the data contain inliers.


Li 3 PS 4 was synthesized from the reaction of Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 in several kinds of organic solvents with a carbonyl group, i.e. dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl acetate (EA) and methyl propyl ketone (MPK) as a complex forming medium by liquid-phase shaking. XRD results showed that Li 2 S still existed in the sample prepared using MPK, whereas the reaction between Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 completed in DMC and EA media which then resulted in the formation of co-crystalline complex for EP and low crystalline complex for DMC, respectively. Ionic conductivities of Li 3 PS 4 obtained using MPK, MDC and EP were 3 × 10 −7 , 6 × 10 −6 , and 2 × 10 −4 Scm −1 at room temperature, respectively. The results pointed out that ester group was suitable for facilitation of the reaction between Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 .


Thank you very much for downloading civil engineering reference manual engineering review manual series. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this civil engineering reference manual engineering review manual series, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their computer.


Luomai 23 was the variety of wheat,it was through the establishment of head progeny row nursery or spike lines nursery,and combined three-course cropping.A four-level seed production program was formed:first established head progeny row nursery,then spike lines nursery,alternating every other year.Mix harvest seed of head progeny row nursery and spike lines nursery was sired breeding seed.The breeding seed was sired original seed,the original seed was sired pedigree seed.Pedigree seed is used in field production.The breeding system was established and improved by seed company and farm and seed production professional village,use was commonwealth of"research units and company and farm and production base".Up to 2013,Luomai 23 has been promoting the use of larger area on Huang-Huai Mak South tablets;it was promote the use of the cumulative area of over 1 million hm2.It creates social and economic benefits 1.37 billion yuan.


The work presents a data driven based strategy to develop a new statistical model of complex tip shape for high-pressure turbine stages exploiting an existing dataset of optimized squealer-like rotor tips. Using the exploratory data analysis (EDA), a set of statistical methods were used to improve the quality of previous CFD-based optimization dataset, as an aid in reducing outliers, data skewness and avoiding the presence of redundant information. The pre-processed dataset was analyzed by unsupervised learning method in order to gain insight on the correlation between tip geometry and single stage axial turbine performance. Utilizing the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we developed a new continuous, dimensionality-reduced parametrization which allows overcoming the limitations of discrete topology approaches. The novel statistical shape model, coupled with genetic operators into a NSGA-II optimization strategy, was used to explore the design space of optimal solutions generating new designs to enrich the available Pareto front in terms of aero-thermodynamic performance metrics. Two metamodels for performance prediction, respectively based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR) have been developed in order to guide the Pareto front exploration avoiding the use of computationally intensive CFD simulations. New tip designs were carried out to spread the previous optimal front and, successively, aiming to design individuals able to reduce macroscopic not uniformity of the flow keeping optimal aerodynamic performance.


This compelling and controversial book reveals how in 1942 Churchill, in an attempt to delay an attack on India, left Australia at the mercy of the Japanese by trying to prevent American forces being sent to the Pacific. Drawing on a wealth of sources, including many previously unavailable to historians, David Day exposes a saga of empty promises and asks serious questions about the past and future relationship between Britain and Australia.


The Mn(III)-oxophlorin complexes with imidazole, pyridine and t-butylcyanide as axial ligands have been studied using B3LYP, Bv86p, and M06-2X methods. All of the possible optimized geometries are specified, while the M06-2X is employed. Results obtained show that the isomers of Mn(III)-oxophlorin with imidazole or pyridine are the most stable at quintet state, compared to singlet and triplet spin states. Besides, there are two and four [Formula: see text]-electrons on manganese in each of these complexes at triplet and quintet states, respectively. Also, Mn(III)-oxophlorin with t-butylcyanide as axial ligand is only stable at singlet state. Non-specific solvent effects show that dispersion and London forces have the basic role in stability of complexes in a solvent. Note that latter interactions can occur in medium with dielectric constant ([Formula: see text]) of [Formula: see text]8, such as [Formula: see text] for position of oxophlorin in heme oxygenase enzyme. NBO analysis show that there is no degeneracy between d orbitals of Mn in the five-coordinated Mn(III)-oxophlorin at singlet and triplet spin states, but two d orbitals of manganese are degenerated in latter complexes at quintet state. Such degeneracy of d orbitals is observed in a complex with square pyramid structure. Then five-coordinated Mn(III)-oxophlorin with imidazole or pyridine is the most stable at quintet spin state, because of its geometry corresponding to square pyramid configuration of atoms. Also, nonbounding interaction between Mn and the ring of oxophlorin or Mn and ligand are more effective in Mn(III)-oxophlorin with imidazole as axial ligand, compared to pyridine and t-butylcyanide.


Energy is an important component of a country's economic development, and power resources are also an indispensable energy in people's production and life. There is also a large amount of energy waste caused by low lighting management efficiency in universities. This paper has designed a new intelligent light control system based on IPV6 network, using the network camera installed in the classroom to transfer the classroom image to the server through the IPV6 network. Through image processing, the data in the classroom is obtained and sent to the light control module to control the switch of the classroom light, supplemented by the manual control module, clock control module and photosensitive module, etc., and finally realize the intelligent management of the classroom lighting. Through the test of the intelligent light control system based on IPv6 network, the system has high sensitivity to moving images. For classrooms with different lighting conditions, large changes in pedestrian density and large randomness of use time, the control of the system can achieve accurate regulation. The whole system has low cost and high reliability. It is very suitable for classroom lighting control in teaching units and has good application value.


Mirror-frequency interference suppression of main-lobe clutter is a problem for PD(pulse Doppler)-radar guided missile with low-attitude down-attacking application.In this paper,a new method of main lobe mirror-frequency interference suppression was presented based on main-lobe clutter velocity estimation and compensation of phase error between IQ channels.Theoretical analysis and simulation result show that the method has advantages of low computation and effectively suppressing the mirror-frequency components of main-lobe clutter while preserving the target frequency components that may exist in mirror-frequency area.


We have applied the Kronig-Penney model potential to calculate photocurrent from metals Mo and Cu. Spatially dependent vector potential had been used to evaluate the relevant matrix elements.


Abstract The contents of 118 inhumation burials (seventh to 12th century AD) excavated at Hacımusalar Höyük (ancient Choma) were studied in order to reconstruct the Byzantine population. Overall, the sample is similar to that of other Byzantine populations: burial customs appear typical of contemporary practices, children are overrepresented, males and females are represented roughly equally and heights fall within the average range calculated for Byzantine individuals in the eastern Mediterranean. Individuals from Hacımusalar experienced incidences of skeletal trauma, infections, degenerative joint disease, anaemia, dental diseases, spina bifida occulta and cancer. The dataset presented here is one of the most comprehensive of any Byzantine population in Anatolia and should advance our understanding of the region during this crucial time period.


The prediction models using sFNC and dFNC (i.e. dFNCvar and dFNC-state) attributes predicted the cognitive scale scores and obtained the significant cognitionpredictive edges for the poor sleep and good sleep groups respectively. We found sleep quality can modulate the relationship between dFNC and cognitive function through the temporal variability between different brain networks in poor and good older sleepers. IC, independent component; sFNC, static functional network connectivity; dFNC, dynamic functional network connectivity; dFNC-var, variability of dynamic functional network connectivity; dFNC-state, dynamic functional network connectivity in each state. Credit: Xu et al.


The paper introduces Stripe, an interactive continuous scale for online surveys that makes it easy to compare multiple answers on a single screen. The Stripe is evaluated as an alternative to the n-point Likert scale, which is commonly used in online usability questionnaires like the System Usability Scale (SUS). The paper presents the results of a user study, which confirmed the validity of results gained with the proposed Stripe interface by applying both the Stripe and the Likert interface to an online SUS questionnaire. Additionally, the results of our study show that the participants favor the Stripe interface in terms of intuitiveness and ease of use, and even perceive the Stripe interface as less time consuming than the standard Likert scaled interface based on radio buttons.


PCT No. PCT/EP90/00424 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 22, 1991 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 22, 1991 PCT Filed Mar. 15, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO90/11485 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 4, 1990.The invention concerns a device for generating light, in particular light for use in length measurement using an interferometer. The frequency of the laser light emitted is controlled as a function of the wavelength in the surrounding gaseous medium (air) in such a way that the wavelength in the air remains constant. The light source in this device is a laser diode. Located external to the laser resonator is a device for feeding back to the resonator, at selected frequencies, light emitted by the laser diode.


Dear Editor, I have just read an article by Sharifzadeh et al. [1] on the topic of treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) that was published in your esteemed journal. Going through the paper, I have found some methodological and statistical issues raised by their work that should be carefully evaluated. The authors mentioned in the article title that they studied different medications for treatment of first-trimester NVP, but surprisingly they included women who were pregnant between 6–16weeks. Additionally, the authors did not define the term mild-to-moderate NVP that was used at inclusion of the study participants. The sample size calculation is completely unclear. What was the reference that the authors used to provide the baseline outcome data for detection of 50% difference in Rhodes score. Another weak point in the study is that the authors did not report any data about the compliance of patients in receiving the drugs. In addition, the daily food intake of the patients regarding the number and content of meals, which is one of the confounding factors in the study was ignored by the authors. Furthermore, the authors did not ask the patients about occurrence of any adverse effects with the used medications. It is well known that ginger can induce some adverse effects during the treatment of NVP [2,3]. Although the authors performed good statistical work, the article contains several shortcomings, which should be explained (or corrected in erratum) since they confuse the readers. I am disappointed that the authors did not look carefully to the sum of numbers of patients in the ginger group regarding the parity and education. The sum of numbers was 27 and 24, respectively, although the group consists of 28 participants. Regarding the statistical tests that have been used for obtaining the study results, the authors did not report that they examined the normality of the study variables before using the specific tests. The normality assumption should be examined at first, then normally or abnormally distributed variables are compared by parametric or nonparametric tests [4]. Otherwise, statistical tests can yield confusing results. We can expect from the low number of the study participants in each group that the study variables were abnormally distributed. Therefore, all maternal characteristics should be compared by the Kruskal–Wallis test, not ANOVA test. Also, all items of Rhodes score before and after treatment should be compared by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test not paired t-test. Finally, the authors reported in the footnote of Tables 2–4 that chi square test was used for comparison of the qualitative variables although none of the variables in the tables were qualitative.


Fishing in Galicia has experienced a profound transformation since the I 950s . lts contribution to the regional economy has constantly increased and systems of exploiting marine resources have changed from those based on domestic local consumption to ones totally open to market forces . Futhermore, fishing vessels have extended their activities ever further afield and now operate in ail the major fishing grounds . Consequently , the ports of the region have become specialized according to their productive capacities and size and a tendency for activity to concentrate in localities with a strong fishery tradition which have chosen to improve their facilities has been observed .


In recent years fibers has been widely utilized for strengthening of concrete structures due to its high tensile and flexural properties. In this paper, an introduction is given on the properties of different fibers used for structural applications. Moreover, a brief review of the past investigations on different fibers and the use of metallic, natural and synthetic fibers on improvement in hardened and durability properties of concrete are also highlighted. This paper shall focus on literature review on strength and durability properties of hybrid fibers Steel/polypropylene/glass and carbon fiber reinforced concrete.


Half a decade has passed since the fifth revision of the medical law on April 1st, 2007. In this period, circumstances have changed regarding maintenance of medical equipments. We conducted a questionnaire survey to screen these changes and the current situation in the medical equipments management. The questionnaire was sent to 356 general hospitals with more than 300 beds in the Kanto region, and 159 responses were received (44.7%). The questionnaire asked information on the number of full-time clinical engineers (CEs) working on maintenance, the numbers of medical equipments maintained in each hospital, the occupation of the appointed medical equipment safety manager (MESM), the role of the MESM, and thoughts on the responsibilities of the MESM. Over the past five years, maintenance of medical equipments increased in 69% of the hospitals. The number of CEs increased in 30% of the hospitals and the average number of full-time CEs maintaining medical equipments was 2.9. The appointed MESM was a CE or physician in many hospitals. Operation managers were placed in each section in hospitals in which a physician was appointed as the MESM. Many answers pointed out that it was difficult for one person to cover all of the requirements to the MESM. This suggests that it is appropriate and useful for operation managers for medical equipments to work under the MESM.


Forensic veterinary pathology is essential to identify the cause of death of animals with suspicion of abuse, neglect, exogenous intoxication, medical errors, if the lesions were accidental or ante-mortem or in cases where the animal's identity is needed. It involves several areas that can be used to determine the cause of death in animals, such as traumatology, entomology and toxicology. This work aims to determine the main lesions found in judicial necropsies of animals from the metropolitan region of Belém, qualifying the most prevalent lesions according to the classification in forensic traumatology. The necropsy was performed according to the animal species and using the method of Ghon. The animals were grouping by specie, sex, race and age and it was made a segmentation by vulnerable energy. 33 judicial necropsies (9.06%) were performed between January 2018 and December 2019, including 22 canines (66.7%), seven felines (21.2%), two farm animals (6.1%) and two wild animals (6.1%). Regarding the sex of the animals, in general, 51.51% were males and 45.45% were females. Young dogs and cats represented the highest percentage of cases. Mixed breed dogs were the most prevalent, with 31.8%. In all species, the most prevalent energy was chemical energy, totalling 18 cases. Second, with six cases, mechanical trauma with only canines and felines, in which, only in three were evident the blunt injury. In only one case, the suspicion was of biodynamic energy, with suggestive findings. In conclusion, the forensic necropsy associated with the animal's history is capable of providing relevant information which assists the pathologist in the search for injuries, its identification and interpretation.


Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843) has
a wide distribution in tropical and temperate seas of
the world. The species is considered to be
benthopelagic in occurrence between 200 and
1000 m, depth, and probably not reported to occur
in the northern Indian Ocean. Balasubramanian
(2007) reported on the occurrence of this species
during 2004-06 in the landings of large meshed
gillnets operated off Tuticorin coast in the Gulf of
Mannar. A catch of 4 specimens of Lepidocybium
flavobrunneum (Fig. 1) belonging to the family
Gempylidae (snake mackerels) were observed at
Chennai Fisheries Harbour on 5.3.2009.


The Chen Xuewen's Works has broad visions and unique insights.The author values evidences and draws fair and square conclusions on the basis of solid research materials.The compiled articles record the remarkable achievement of a scholar's dozens-of-years efforts spent on the history researches,which exerts significant influence on the history of Ming and Qing periods,especially its economic field.


Missionary schools in colonial contexts were sites of asymmetrical power. Missionary teachers believed that they could reshape the worldview of their students, and the disciplinary regimes put in place were often harsh. However, as we can learn through a careful reading of the log book of the Boys' Industrial House on Zanzibar in the early twentieth century, the teachers of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa did not always have as much control over the minds and bodies of their students as they wished. The boys could run away, steal or use the ties formed at school to actively change their situations. In examining moments when the power dynamics shifted, one can seek a fuller view of authority, historical agency and daily existence at the mission school, and use this method to ask similar questions in other missionary and colonial contexts.


Based on many ambiguous and fuzzy factors during supplier selection,the index of factor is introduced,which affects the supplier selection.By applying the fuzzy decision theory and method,the fuzzy decision model about supplier selection is established, and an quantitive method about how to selecting suppliers is provided with an example illustration.


Background: Gold standard for the diagnosis is High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT). It provides all detailed morphological depiction of a minimal interstitial lung involvement. However exposure to radiation, high cost and non-availability are its few limitation. Ultrasound chest can play a complimentary part in the disease evaluation. Objective: To determine the role of B lines on transthoracic ultrasonography in patients of known interstitial lung disease. Methods: This study was carried out in Institute of TB & Chest Medicine, Mayo Hospital /


The article contains data on the concentration of radon, radium, and uranium in the water of several underground sources of 2 regions and also its total radioactivity according to BETA -count. On the basis of the water radioactivity investigation the author raises the question as to the obligatory examination of the water for the presence of isotopes in the choice and hygienic evaluation of water sources to be used as drinking water supply. Examinations of underground water radioactivity should be performed more widely and the results obtained added to the sanitary and hydrogeological specifications of the water sources. In the future it should be possible to delineate definite regions containing water of diverse radioactivity. (Publ. Health Eng. Abstr.).


The questions of the formation mechanism of controlling the distribution of investment in information and communication technologies in or in connection with the program of social and economic development of the region


The beep tone detection within RTP streams is an essential part in voicemail and other recording systems related to SIP/RTP. This Paper presents a nonlinear approach to detect beep tone based on the Teager-Kaiser(TK) Engergy Operator which is played for generic tone detection using FM-AM modulation technique, and on the Discrete Energy Separation Algorithm (DESA) which is acted as a decoupler dividing the crossterms into frequecny and amplitude components. Then, a independent project is provided to cache the RTP streams from the SIP server. Meanwhile, for the given threshold values on frequency and amplitude, it will do the beep tone detect analysis which will output a statistcal datatable including success rate and error rate for beep tone validation.


Tobacco field water conservancy facilities is the infrastructure construction of the tobacco leaf production and rural economic development,also is the significant measure for promoting continuous income increasing of tobacco growers.The balance analysis of water resource is the prerequisite and foundation of the tobacco field water conservancy facilities construction.According to the basic situation of the project area,balanced analysis of water resource was carried out which will provide the basis for building tobacco field water conservancy facilities.With modern tobacco demonstration project in Baimiao Township,Jiaxian County in 2009 as example,the methods for water resource balance analysis were discussed in detail.


Network configuration (NETCONF) is a widely used protocol to deploy configuration of network devices. NETCONF uses different transport layer protocols like secure shell (SSH), simple object access protocol (SOAP), or blocks extensible exchange protocol (BEEP) (IETF RFCs 4742 through 4744), and assumes availability of a high bandwidth network for successful configuration deployment. In a dynamic MANET tactical edge network consisting of fast-moving aircraft and terrain obscuration, conditions exist where traditional NETCONF may be less effective and eventually fails to provide guaranteed services to the war fighter. In this paper, we will look at the performance of NETCONF in a limited bandwidth constrained environment with periods of high packet loss. We will also consider the performance effect of using other compression algorithms and binary XML to reduce the amount of configuration data that is sent. Finally, we will study the usage of UDP-based NETCONF transport to improve the performance of NETCONF. By using UDP, data can be delivered more quickly than in a TCP-based transport. The performance analysis of such an airborne network as applied to different tactical scenarios with hundreds of assets will be accomplished through simulation.


Combining the notions of free product and amalgamation, the authors define the generalized free product of a set of Boolean algebras with an amalgamated subalgebra. It is proved that if {93,: i « /} is a set of Boolean algebras and if 21 is isomorphically embedded in each 2?,, then the generalized free product of {9J,: it l\ with the amalgamated subalgebra 21 exists and is unique. The existence is obtained algebraically as a quotient of the free product of {33, : /' e I}.


The article looks at possibilities for determining aircraft flight parameters by calculations using a mathematical model of the aircraft's centre-of-mass motion in analytical form.


This chapter discusses the various methods of electrical modelling of CNT- and GNR-based nano-interconnects. It also presents the ABCD parameter matrix-based method for the modelling of performance and signal integrity effects in CNT- and GNR-based VLSI nano-interconnects. The developed methodology is proven to be almost 100% accurate as SPICE with huge reduction in the computational burden. It is pointed out that both CNTs and GNRs have tremendous potential in becoming the next generation VLSI interconnects.


Literature has a rich research repertoire investigating determinants of individual technology acceptance and use. Despite its acknowledged importance for successful technology integration, research on teachers' technology acceptance is rather limited. This study aims to report procedures undertaken through development of "technology acceptance measure for teachers". Researchers began by investigating technology acceptance theories and factor structures of scales based on these theories. Confirmatory statistical procedures conducted with three different samples (n1=436, n2=440, n3=2122) resulted in a 37item scale structured around 11 factors: Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, subjective norms, self-efficacy, facilitating conditions, technological complexity, anxiety, perceived enjoyment, compatibility, behavioural intention. The fit of measurement model was tested using SPSS AMOS 21. Data passed both univariate and multivariate normality tests. Measurement model was tested using absolute, parsimony and comparative fit indexes. Furthermore, validity of the model was tested using two-staged convergent and discriminant validity procedures. The factor structure of measurement model was investigated through confirmatory factor analysis in which alternative models were investigated and measurement invariance for subgroups was tested. Consequently, Teacher Technology Acceptance Measure (T-TAM) scale's statistical model was thoroughly investigated through parsimonious statistical procedures. The model's explanation power is expected to change with respect to sample characteristics. Researchers suggest further administrations with different sample characteristics to foster estimation power and validity of the measurement model.


Hypertension is often referred to as a hidden killer disease because this disease usually does not give specific symptoms to sufferers and is very dangerous. Compliance in taking hypertension medication is a major problem for patients so that many patients experience sudden attacks when their blood pressure rises. Providing home care with counseling is reported to provide patients with a better understanding of the disease and can improve the patient's quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of compliance of home care patients in taking anti-hypertensive drugs at Mitra Dasan Cermen Pharmacy, to determine the factors that influence the compliance of home care patients in taking anti-hypertensive drugs. The research method used was cross sectional using a compliance level questionnaire and a questionnaire of factors affecting the level of compliance, the data were analyzed by the spearman rank correlation test. The results showed that 57.6% of respondents had a moderate level of compliance 42.4% of respondents had a moderate level of compliance, 3 factors affecting the level of compliance that had a relationship, namely gender p = 0.001), education level (p = 0.000), family support (p = 0.001), 4 factors of compliance level that did not have a relationship, namely employment status (p = 0.189), duration of hypertension (p = 0.805), health insurance participation (p = 0.065).


Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) suffer from extendable vulnerabilities due to the convergence of the physical world with the cyber world, which makes it victim to a number of sophisticated cyber-attacks. The motives behind such attacks range from criminal enterprises to military, economic, espionage, political, and terrorism-related activities. Many governments are more concerned than ever with securing their critical infrastructure. One of the effective means of detecting threats and securing their infrastructure is the use of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS). A number of studies have been conducted and proposed to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of IDS through the use of self-learning techniques, especially in the Industrial Control Systems (ICS) era. This paper investigates and analyzes the utilization of IDS systems and their proposed solutions used to enhance the effectiveness of such systems for CPS. The targeted data extraction was from 2011 to 2021 from five selected sources: IEEE, ACM, Springer, Wiley, and ScienceDirect. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 primary studies were selected from a total of 51 studies in the field of threat detection in CPS, ICS, SCADA systems, and the IoT. The outcome revealed the trends in recent research in this area and identified essential techniques to improve detection performance, accuracy, reliability, and robustness. In addition, this study also identified the most vulnerable target layer for cyber-attacks in CPS. Various challenges, opportunities, and solutions were identified. The findings can help scholars in the field learn about how machine learning (ML) methods are used in intrusion detection systems. As a future direction, more research should explore the benefits of ML to safeguard cyber-physical systems.


Example embodiments provide an array substrate and a manufacturing method of the present invention, the GOA unit and a display device, it relates to the field of display technology. The array substrate includes a gate electrode formed on the surface of the substrate, a gate insulating layer, an active layer and source-drain metal layer, the source-drain metal layer for forming the source drain and channel region of the TFT, the array substrate includes a plurality of a first plurality of the second TFT and a TFT, the TFT channel length of the first region is less than the length of the second TFT channel region. Such a failure can be avoided array substrate breaking unit GOA TFT channel region caused disconnected.


This paper investigates the usage of information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) within the small and medium enterprise (SME) sector. The study has five main objectives: to investigate levels of IT; identify key factors for the effective utilization of IT; investigate strategic management of the IT/IS function; and gauge whether the management and use of data creates cases of competitive advantage within the SME sector. The research involved a quantitative survey of over 600 SMEs in Wales, which achieved a response rate of approximately 26%. Thereafter 16 enterprises were interviewed, in order to appreciate fully their usage of the IS/IT function. The study suggests that whilst utilization of IT is increasing, the potential benefits are under exploited by the majority of SMEs as a result of a lack of management direction. Instances of competitive advantage were rare, with those enterprises that are adding value focusing on acquiring knowledge, using their flexibility and reactibility and generating innovative solutions. In part 1, the authors set out the aims of the survey and present their findings. Part 2 - to be published in the next issue of BIR - will cover the research methodology and details of the sources consulted.


This paper discusses the design and implementation of an experimental test bed for radio frequency (RF) sensor wake-up. The test bed relies on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that selectively feeds a deployed sensor in a wireless sensor network for wake-up purposes. The telemetry signal of the UAV is harvested by a rectenna integrated within a sensor. As a result, the output DC voltage wakes-up the sensor out of a deep sleep mode. Several flight approaches are investigated and analyzed with vertical trajectory approaches exhibiting the most efficient energy collection.


Evaluation of aerial insecticidal control of the MRB was conducted in a RBD with five replications. Insecticide treatments were assigned randomly to field plots (10 acres/treatment/plot) in fields ranging from 36-85 acres, of variety CP 72-1210 second ratoon cane in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (Cameron County, Texas). The use of pheromone traps to assist scouting and effectively time insecticide applications was also evaluated. Weekly monitoring of larval infestations was conducted by sampling 20 stalks from two locations in each field. On 13 Aug, live larval infestations ranged from 7.5 to 18.5%, all fields exceeding the treatment threshold of 5% of stalks containing live larvae which have not bored into the plant. Applications were made during the morning of 14 Aug by fixed wing aircraft (145mph) at 10 gpa with less than 5 mph wind. Bored internode and emergence hole counts were recorded on 8 Nov; 30 stalks from two locations (15 - front, 15 - back) per treatment plot were sampled. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with a binomial (percent bored) and a Gaussian (emergence) distribution. Means were separated using Tukey's HSD (α=0.05). Both percent


Raman scattering was applied to a study of collective plasmon–LO phonon excitations polarized normal to the layers in strongly coupled GaAs/AlAs and δ-doped GaAs superlattices. Thus, the corresponding (vertical) motion of electrons and their localization were studied and compared in both types of superlattices. The localization of the collective excitations caused by the localization of the electrons at the top of the miniband was found in the GaAs/AlAs superlattices. Much stronger localization effects were observed in the δ-doped structures than in the GaAs/AlAs superlattices. Our results reveal evidence of the formation of a miniband structure in the δ-doped structures even in the case of complete localization of electrons inside one period.


We study the impact on leptogenesis of Higgs portal couplings to a new scalar singlet. These couplings open up additional $CP$-violating decay channels for the higher mass singlet neutrinos $N_2$ and $N_3$. We analyze the simplest case of two-level $N_1-N_2$ leptogenesis, including significant mass hierarchies, in which the $CP$ asymmetry is generated in part by singlet-mediated decays of $N_2$. For these models, provided the lightest singlet neutrino $N_1$ is sufficiently weakly coupled to avoid excessive washout, its mass scale is not directly constrained by the Davidson-Ibarra bound.


We report studies of the electronic structure and optical properties of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) using high resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy in transmission. We present new results of the dependence of the interband transition and π plasmon dispersion on the SWNT diameter as well as on the SWNT orientation. For the SWNT filled with C60 (so-called peapods) we are able to derive the bulk filling factor from an analysis of the C1s absorption edge.


ABSTRACT Massive investments in higher education have witnessed a proliferation of public and private universities in Malaysia. A parallel development of concern is the view that public university graduates are finding it more difficult than their private university counterparts in transiting from university to work. To test the empirical veracity of this widely expressed belief, data from 441 currently employed graduates from three major urban centres were analysed to determine factors that increased the probability of securing permanent employment within six months of graduation, the officially used cut-off period. While the findings indicated that the transition is eased largely by personal endeavours (other than being Chinese) such as mastering English, attaining a high GPA, and participating in extracurricular activities, we also found a negative association between having a public university qualification and the length taken to secure the first permanent job. We discuss the implications of these findings for Malaysian education policy. If a public university degree indeed disadvantages a graduate in transiting to work, it would undermine the role of public universities as avenues for the upward social mobility of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Additionally, the large expenditures on public universities would appear to be misallocated.


The modern semiconductor industry has put great demands on circuit designers for smaller and cheaper integrated circuits. Simultaneous to this operating frequencies of the applications increase. An option which helps to satisfy these requirements is the use of on-chip inductors and transformers. These elements allow greatly improved levels of performance in bipolar and CMOS integrated circuits. In order to achieve best performance it is an essential task for the IC designer to predict and optimize the electrical characteristics of the inductors and transformers. This could be done by 3-D electromagnetic field simulation programs. But usually such simulations require very intensive computer calculations which take a few hours to days. Therefore it is not possible to optimize the device in a reasonable amount of time. In this thesis techniques are introduced which allow a characterization of inductors and transformers within a few minutes. The short calculation time is achieved by using electrical lumped low-order models. The parameters of the model are extracted from the geometrical structure of the inductor or transformer by using FEM-Tools and analytical considerations. These techniques have been compiled in a user-friendly software program FastTrafo v3.2. FastTrafo v3.2 provides the circuit designer a powerful environment to design inductors or transformers on demand. The software delivers SPICE models based on the technology and geometrical dimensions of the device. A verification of the models shows a good agreement with several test objects. An inductor and a transformer example are presented in this work.


On the basis of the content analysis of medical reports and expert survey, the authors define the characteristics of alcohol addicted patients in mental hospitals. Social diagnostics of their status in a medical institution is carried out and recommendations to change the situation are given.


Objectives To evaluate the effect of medical expenses regulatory strategy in China,and select the list of the priority interventions.Methods Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was used to evaluate the four dimensions of the important approaches for the regulation on medical costs,including the pricing of medical services,the drug circulation system and payment method of medical insurance.The four dimensions include importance,operability,degree of failure and intervention urgency.Results The primary cause of the ineffective medical cost control was due to the failure of controlling the drug circulation system.In addition,the weakness in the regulation function of current medical insurance payment method in curbing the hiking medical cost was the second important cause.Conclusion The prioritized strategy to improve the regulation effect on medical expenses is to further strengthen the reform on drug circulation system regulatory.Secondly,it is urgently needed to explore the cost control mechanism of payment method by further enhancing the important role of medical insurance who served as a third party to regulate the medical expenses.


Short jute fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared using a single screw extrusion moulding. Jute fiber content in the composites is optimized with the extent of mechanical properties, and composites with 20% jute show higher mechanical properties. Dissimilar concentrations of several fire retardants (FRs), such as magnesium oxide (MO), aluminum oxide (AO), and phosphoric acid (PA), were used in the composites. The addition of MO, AO, and PA improved the fire retardancy properties (ignition time, flame height, and total firing time) of the composites. Ignition time for 30% MO, flame height for 30% PA, and total firing time for 20% MO content composites showed good results which were 8 sec, 1 inch, and 268 sec, respectively. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, bending strength, bending modulus, and elongation at break), degradation properties (soil test, weathering test, and percentage of weight loss), and water uptake were studied.


The electron and negative ion densities in rf etching plasmas in pure CCl2F2 and its mixtures with argon have been measured using a microwave resonance technique in combination with photodetachment. It has been found that the dominant negative ion is Cl−. These ions are about 100 times more abundant than electrons and other negative ions (most likely F− and Cl2−). Typical densities reach 1017 m−3 for Cl− and 1015 m−3 for the electrons in a 30 mTorr discharge with 50 W rf input power. The decay time of the photodetached electrons towards the steady state gives an estimate for the effective electron attachment rate in the plasma. This rate (typically 2–5×10−15 m3s−1) appears to be substantially higher than the attachment rate to pure CCl2F2. Moreover it depends on plasma conditions, e.g., it increases with power and decreasing pressure. This is attributed to dissociative attachment to active species, such as radicals and vibrationally excited molecules, formed in the plasma. The total charge density in Ar/C...


To observe the application effect of simulation teaching in pharmacology experimental teaching of pharmacy. Classes of Pharmaceutical students in grade 2013 were randomly divided into two groups: A and B group with 50 students in each group. Group A was implemented with the simulation teaching mode and Group B was implemented with the traditional experimental teaching mode. The final examination results of two groups of students were compared, and the experimental teaching effect was evaluated by questionnaires. The satisfaction survey of the students on simulation teaching mode was compared. The results of pharmacology experimental teaching in the simulation teaching group were significantly higher than those in the traditional teaching group. Questionnaire results show that the students in the simulation teaching group generally believe that the mode are superior improve their self-study learning interest and have a high satisfaction degree. The simulation teaching mode can better mobilize students' initiative in self-learning, and have better teaching effect than traditional teaching mode in pharmacology experimental teaching. Keywords—simulation teaching, pharmacology, experimental


Deciding the character and level of official patronage of religion are fundamental questions for all states. Yet we know next to nothing about the determinants of such patronage. Are democratic governments more or less inclined than autocratic ones to seek legitimacy through religious patronage? Is it ultimately ideological struggles that determine the extent of government backing of religion? This article addresses these questions through an analysis of the evolution of the state's role as patron and protector of Buddhism (and other officially recognized religions) in Thailand. Specifically, it examines changes in government expenditure on Thailand's religious bureaucracy from 1960 to 2016. It finds that democratization and ideological struggles have been the main drivers of a significant expansion of government spending on religious patronage.


ABSTRACT Pediatric obesity is a major health concern that has an increased prevalence in children with special needs. In order to categorize a child's weight, an assessment of body composition is needed. Obtaining an accurate body composition measurement in children with special needs has many challenges associated with it. This perplexing scenario limits the provider's ability to screen, prevent and treat an abnormal weight status in this vulnerable population. This systematic review summarizes common methods of body composition measurements, their strengths and limitations and reviews the literature when measurements were used in children with cerebral palsy, spina bifida and spinal cord injury. Following PRISMA guidelines, 222 studies were identified. The application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded a final sample of nine studies included in this review. Overall, articles reinforced the inconsistencies of body composition measurement and methodology when used with children with special needs. Concerns include small sample sizes, the need to validate prediction equations for this population, and the lack of controlled trials and reporting of measurement methodology. Healthcare providers need to be aware of the complexities associated with measuring body composition in children with special needs and advocate for further testing of these measurements. Additional studies addressing the reliability and validity of these measures are needed to facilitate appropriate health promotion in children.


t Shortly after its invasion in Europe, Wester n Flower Thrips, FrankliniellaFrankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) , became a more sever e pest in greenhous ee crops than the Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman. To test whetherr this differential pest status is due to a larger capacit y of population increase,, a comparative life history study was carried out on cucumber (Cucumis(Cucumis ativus cv. Corona) . Experiment s at 25 °C showed that the egg-toeggg period of F. occidentalis is shorter , but its peak ovipositional rate is lowerr and its offspring sex ratio is more male biased. These differences resul tt in a slightly lower intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) for F. occidentalisoccidentalis than for T. tabaci (0.166 vs. 0.176 day"). It is shown experimentall yy that between 15 and 28 °C developmenta l rate of F. occidentalisdentalis is linearly related to temperature , with a theoretical threshol d temperatur ee similar to the value reported for T. tabaci (10.9 vs. 11.5 °C). It iss argued that the rm-value of F. occidentalis will not be higher than that of T.T. tabaci for any temperatur e within this range. Alternative explanations for thee difference in pest status between the two thrips species are discussed . Thee Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind., and the Wester n Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalisoccidentalis (Pergande ) (Thysanoptera ) are major pest s of greenhous e crops in Europe. Whereass T. tabaci is native to Europe and has been considered to be a pest for a long timee (see e.g. Morison, 1957), F. occidentalis invaded Europe c. 10 years ago via plant materiall from North America (Zur Strassen , 1986), became a more important pest and hass remained so. Thripss damage is either caused directly by parenchyma feeding and consequen t reductionn of photosyntheti c capacit y (Hunter and Ullman, 1989; Rosenhei m et ai, 1990; Royerr et ai, 1986) or indirectly by transmission of plant viruses, such as the Tomato Spottedd Wilt Virus (Broadbent et ai, 1987; Vierbergen, 1990; German et ai, 1992). Amongg the factors that contributed to the pest status of both thrips species are (1) high capacitiess for population growth (Watts. 1934; Trichilo and Leigh, 1988), (2) broad host


The policies seek to address intergenerational experiences giving an answer based on the inclusion of education between older and younger. The results on inclusive experiences in the current context point to the combination of participation that exists between the two groups. Education throughout life and its influence on the paradigm of educational inclusion has been increasing as a result of the growing aspiration and demand for social promotion and personal development activities. In Addition, participation in inclusive community activities contributes to an improvement in people's quality of life.


Objective: To make sure of the relationship between changes in the serum hs- CRP level and Chinese ischemic stroke subclassification( CISS) to explore the action mechanism of the serum high sensitive C- reactive protein( hs- CRP) in ischemic stroke. Methods: The serum hs- CRP level was measured in 177 ischemic stroke patients. They were classified into2 major ischemic stroke subtypes based on the causes and pathogenesis to explore the relationship between the serum hs- CRP level and CISS. Results: The serum hs- CRP level in ischemic stroke groups was significantly higher than that in the control group( P 0. 05). There was significant difference in the serum hs- CRP level between different Chinese ischemic stroke subtypes( P 0. 05). Conclusion: The level of serum hs- CRP is closely correlated to the incidence of the ischemic stroke and there is significant difference in the serum hs- CRP level between different Chinese ischemic stroke subtypes.