The construction of moral education in primary and secondary schools is facingmany dilemmas, such as formalism, passivity, task-type, Tacitus trap and new media interaction. There is a high degree of coupling between the progressive, stepped and interlocking supply of Problem Chain mode and the demand of moral education construction in primary and secondary schools. Problem Chain mode is helpful to solve the problems of teaching content, teaching effects and educational object in moral education construction in primary and secondary schools.


The tooth-coating solution has been developed as a cosmetic. The tooth-coating solution is composed of rosin, copal and shellac which are suggested to have anti inflammatory efficacies. The pharmacological efficacies of the tooth-coating solution and its components on the proliferation of T cell mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from healthy subjects were evaluated. The effects of the components on production of seven kinds of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines from the stimulated PBMCs were also measured. The tooth-coating solution and its ingredients attenuated the proliferation of T cell mitogen-stimulated PBMCs. Rosin, copal and shellac significantly decreased the concentration of IL-6 in the culture supernatant of the stimulated PBMCs (p < 0.05). The tooth-coating solution, copal and shellac also decreased the concentration of TNF-α in the supernatant of the stimulated PBMCs (p < 0.05). From these observations, we suggest that the tooth-coating solution has potency to prevent inflammation by attenuation of T cell activation and subsequent production of inflammatory cytokines, which may be beneficial for suppression of periodontal disease and stomatitis.


The detection method of concentration of formaldehyde in water-soaked food of the invention belongs to the technical field of analytical chemistry. An object to be detected is weighed to be arranged in a headspace vial (2); distilled water and acetone interior label solution are added; a microsyringe (1) is used for extracting the derivative solution of formaldehyde and is inserted into the vacant area of the headspace vial (2); in water at the temperature of 20-60 DEG C (5) and under the condition of ultrasound, a method of combing dynamic single-drop microextraction with static single-drop microextraction is adopted to derive and gather formaldehyde in extraction single drop (3); a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer is used for detecting the relative peak area Y of formaldehyde derivative; and the formaldehyde amount of the sample to be detected is calculated by a regression equation to be x mg/kg. The invention has the advantages of favourable selectivity, high sensitivity, no substrate disturbance and the like and greatly shortens extraction time; the relative peak area Y detected by GC-MS and formaldehyde concentration x have favourable linear relation so as to improve detection precision degree.


India is an agrarian country. Agriculture supplies are not only food grains but also raw material for agro based industry. Sugar industry is such an industry which uses sugarcane as a raw material. Sugarcane supplies for sugar industry are beneficial for the farmer's not only economic development but also increases living standard. Sugar industry is 2nd largest agro based industry in India. India is 2nd largest sugarcane producer country of sugar. Sugar industry is an old organized consumer industry in India. Sugar industry employs millions of people. Co-operative sugar mill established by state government of Chhattisgarh on year 2009 for development of sugar cane cultivation, economic development of farmers, increase in employment and increase in production of sugar, to be self dependent to fulfil consumer's demand of sugar, to utilise it's resources in state. There are two co-operative sugar mill had established before this sugar mill in district Kabirdham and Ambikapur of state and running successfully. There is continuous increase in production of sugar in Chhattisgarh. It is the important agro based industry in this region. After establishing this mill farmers of this area are taking interest in producing sugarcane. Statistical data depict the fact that farmer's are motivated to cultivation of sugar cane. It is beneficial cash crop out of other traditional crops.


To simulate the ion transport through the neutral region and the sheath in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge,a physical model,taking into account the effect of the cross sections for charge exchange and momentum transfer on the ion energy and the influence of the joint of the neutral region and the sheath,is established and the related Monte Carlo code is developed.By simulating the transport of argon ions in the sheath,the influence of the substrate bias on the sheath characteristics and the ion behaviors is discussed on the basis of collisional sheath,which may be of significance for the application of ECR plasmas.


Insights into the lives of any group of historical people are provided by three main types of evidence: their language, their literature and their material culture. The contributors to this volume draw on all three types of evidence in order to present new research into the lives of the Anglo-Saxons. The particular focus is on daily life – the ordinary rather than the extraordinary, the normal rather than the exceptional. Rather than attempting an overview, the essays address individual scenarios in greater depth, but with an emphasis on shared experience.


French scientist, Alexis Carrel said , "All great men are gifted with intuition. They know without reasoning or analysis, what they need to know." Studies among leaders confirm this and underscore the value of developing intuition. Business is all about rational, orderly systems for strategic planning, decision-making, forecasts, operations, budgeting, supervision and control, production and practically every other facet of an organisation. Under rising pressure and ambiguity, rational thinking may not perform satisfactorily. In the context of management decision-making, research conducted by Nutt (1999) reveals that rational/logic based strategies struggle to reach the fifty percent success mark. Business leaders the world over are acknowledging that many important decisions, and career choices are increasingly based on intuition or gut feel. The recruitment of highly intuitive managers can enable organisations to tackle contexts and issues thrown up by the challenges of this century. To identify managers with high levels of intuition is, therefore, a necessary step. Validated and reliable tests are available to measure intuition in managers. The paper further suggests ways to fine tune the process to recruit intuitive managers. Keywords : Intuition, Recruitment, Management, Intuitive thinking, Intuitive decision making, CSI, REI.


Sample preparation is a critical step in complex sample analysis which effect to sensitivity, selectivity, speed, and accuracy of analytical results. The goal of sample preparation is separation and enrichment. Separation and enrichment are entropy reduction procedures which cannot happen spontaneously. On account of consuming over two thirds of analysis time, sample preparation becomes the bottleneck issue in analytical chemistry. Therefore, fast sample preparation has been received much attention. In this review, a comprehensive survey on progress in fast sample preparation techniques for complex sample in the last 2 years has been composed from more than 180 references. Four approaches for entropy reduction of sample preparation system were generalized, they are energy exchange acceleration, materials-based acceleration, size reduction acceleration, and integration acceleration. Moreover, we highlight the most interesting acceleration techniques, including field-assisted, materials-based rapid mass transfer, microfluidic, and multistep integration techniques. Furthermore, analytical applications of these acceleration approaches were discussed. Meanwhile, further utilization potentiality of these approaches was offered.


Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are thin silicon detectors with moderate internal signal amplification and time resolution as good as 17 ps for minimum ionizing particles. However the current major limiting factor in granularity is due to protection structures preventing breakdown caused by high electric fields at the edge of the segmented implants. This structure, called Junction Termination Extension (JTE), causes a region of 50-100 μm of inactive space. Therefore, the granularity of LGAD sensors is currently limited to the mm scale. This challenge could be overcome by employing AC coupled LGADs (AC-LGADs) which can provide spatial resolution on the 10's of um scale. This is achieved by un-segmented gain layer and N-layer, then a di-electric layer separates the N+ and the metal readout pads. This design allows for 100% fill factor with no dead regions inside the sensor. The high spatial precision is achieved by using the information from multiple pads, exploiting the intrinsic charge sharing capabilities of the AC-LGAD provided by the common N-layer. Using a focused IR-Laser scans directed either at the read-out side on the front and the bias side on the back of the sensor, several detector parameters have been investigated with the goal of optimizing the sensor design: sheet resistance, thickness of the isolation di-electric, doping profile of the gain layer, and pitch and size of the readout pads. Furthermore we will show an interpolation technique for hit reconstruction and time-of-arrival measurement based on charge sharing. The data are used to recommend a base-line sensor for near-future large-scale application like the Electron-Ion Collider or the PIONEER experiment where simultaneous precision time and position resolution is required in the tracking detectors.


This paper describes a method for cable system condition monitoring that is based on transmission line theory and resonance analysis. This method resulted in the development of a system called LIRA (LIne Resonance Analysis), which can be used on-line to detect local or global changes in the cable electrical parameters because of insulation faults or degradation. This paper presents the latest results achieved in field experiments on medium and high voltage cables.


The primary object of this study was to find how far the acoustic and vestibular function is involved in multiple sclerosis and how far this part of the symptomatology complies with the tendency of the disease to spontaneous fluctuations. Although the utmost caution must be observed in assessing localized phenomena in a disseminated disease, the authors will try to localize approximately the central origin of the various abnormal reactions, mainly by means of a comparison with the various brain stem symptoms. In this way we hope to make a modest contribution towards establishing oto-neurological examination in clinical neurological practice. Our clinical neurological as well as oto-neurological studies differ from previous ones in being based on continuous frequent examinations, including an accurate recording of the course of the individual symptoms, within a given observation period.


Colorectal cancer arises from the progressive accumulation of mutations and epigenetic alterations in colon epithelial cells. Such alterations often deregulate signaling pathways, such as the RAS-MAPK and TGF-β pathways, which promotes tumor growth. The tumor promoting effects of mutations in genes, such as APC, have been demonstrated in cancer cell lines and in mouse models of intestinal cancer; however, the biological effects of most epigenetic events identified in colorectal cancer remain unknown. Consequently, we assessed whether the aberrant methylation of TSP1 (Thrombospondin 1), a protein that regulates TGF-β activation, is an epigenetic mechanism for inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway. We determined the frequency of aberrantly methylated TSP1 and its effects on TGF-β signaling in colon cancer. We observed methylated TSP1 in colon cancer cell lines (28%), colon adenomas (14%) and colon adenocarcinomas (21%). We demonstrated that methylation-induced silencing of TSP1 expression reduces the concentration of secreted active TGF-β1 and alters TGF-β signaling. Reversal of TSP1 methylation results in increased TSP1 mediated activation of the latent TGF-β:LAP complex and subsequent TGF-β receptor activation. Our results provide evidence that the aberrant methylation of TSP1 is a novel epigenetic mechanism for suppressing TGF-β signaling in colorectal cancer.


Objective:To study the expression levels of soluble receptor-1(sFlt-1) of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in villus and peripheral blood of cases with recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA),explore the correlation between sFlt-1 and RSA.Methods:ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of VEGF and sFlt-1 in serum of 30 cases with RSA(RSA group) and 30 normal pregnant women of early pregnancy(control group),RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of VEGF mRNA and sFlt-1 mRNA in villus of the two groups.Results:The expression levels of VEGF in serum of RSA group and control group were(2 637.50±2 145.09) ng/L and(982.67±675.47) ng/L,respectively;the expression levels of sFlt-1 in serum of RSA group and control group were(13 796.67±11 917.08) ng/L and(3 540.67±2 989.80) ng/L,respectively,there was significant difference between the two groups(P0.01);there was significant difference in expression levels of VEGF mRNA and sFlt-1 mRNA in villus between the two groups(P0.01).Conclusion:The abnormal expression levels of VEGF and sFlt-1 are correlated with RSA,the increase of expression levels of VEGF and sFlt-1 may be related to the occurrence of RSA.


( i h s t r n c t This paper presents a fornialized and p ra c t i ca I iii a r gi n a I outage costs in generating systems for the piirposes o f spot pricing. The proposed iiictliod Involves cstiniating tlic economic costs incurred by custoniers due to various outage lcvcls aiid the cffccts of load cliangcs on the probabilit ics that these costs will actually be incurred. The utilization of tiie proposed nietliod I n calciilating the marginal outage costs of a slngle generating system Is i l lustrated using the I E E E -Rel iabi l i ty Test Systein. A nuniber o f si i n pl i fy i n g assu i n p ti on s a re a Iso d i sc ussctl i n tli is p:ipcr i n order to sliow how the proposed iiicthod can I)c tailorcd to practical systeni applications. Tlic b:1sic nlct l lodology i s tl1cn cxtencled to two i II t cr con nect cd genera t iiig s ys tcm s i n ordcr to show the iinpact of capacity assistance on the iiiargiiial on1age cost. a p p roach for ca Icu 1 a t i 11 g t 11 c


A touch sensing system and a method of controlling power consumption thereof are disclosed. The touch sensing system includes a plurality of sensing units, which sample a voltage received from a touch screen and accumulate the sampled voltage, and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters converting an output of the sensing units into digital data. The sensing units and the analog-to-digital converters are divided into a plurality of groups in an idle state. Each of the plurality of groups includes at least two sensing units and one analog-to-digital converter. At least one sensing unit included in at least one group is powered down in the idle state. An analog-to-digital converter is powered on during the group it belongs to is powered on.


We report on surface-wave propagation (SWP) that occurs in semi-infinite hyperbolic metamaterials whose optical axis is set in the interface plane. In practice it is implemented by a multi-layered metal-dielectric nanostructure that is cut normally to the layers. Our theoretical analysis shows that various conditions can be designed enabling distinct regimes of SWP. We concluded that hybridization of SWP polarization leads to tighter confinement near the interface as compared with conventional surface plasmon polaritons. By using the finite-element method (FEM), we demonstrate that the fields are enhanced on the walls of metallic films, and thus minimizing significantly its presence inside the metal. This leads to the reduction of dissipation in the lossy metamaterial and allow for the existence of long-range surface waves that propagate obliquely to the optical axis. This suggests applications in nanosensing and nanoimaging.


In this paper we give a characterization of real hypersurfaces in noncompact complex two-plane Grassmannian $SU_{2,m}/S(U_2 U_m)$, $m \geq 2$ with Reeb vector field $\xi$ belonging to the maximal quaternionic subbundle $\mathcal Q$. Then it becomes a tube over a totally real totally geodesic ${\mathbb H}H^n$, $m=2n$, in noncompact complex two-plane Grassmannian $SU_{2,m}/S(U_2 U_m)$, a horosphere whose center at the infinity is singular or another exceptional case.


Avainsanat: sovellustuki, hajautettu hypermedia, WWW, dokumenttien esitystapa-konversiot, CSCW. The World Wide Web project was started at CERN as a means of improving cooperation between different groups connected via the Internet. The format and location of the information are embedded in the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is used in WWW to move different media from server to client. WWW hypertext documents are marked up in the HyperText Markup Language (HTML) making the linking of hypertext documents easier. The present work mainly describes tools which have been developed to provide on-line support by means of distributed hypermedia for the users of the CERN Program Library. It will be shown that constructing an efficient hypermedia server is more than just writing documentation for on-line purposes. It incorporates the evaluation of different document representations and parsing techniques. Based on our study some general conclusions about the advantages and disadvantages of a hypermedia approach will be drawn. Foreword This thesis has been written during a one year's placement at CERN, took up a technical student's post starting in July 1994 with the Application Software group in the Computer and Networks division. I also benefited working in a fruitful environment with skilled colleagues and the latest technology. The work started with maintaining a WWW server and getting acquainted with the current situation in the group. Step by step my knowledge specific in document representations rose, so that by the beginning of 1995 I could say that my productivity really took off. Conferences in Berne, Paris and Darmstadt, which CERN was willing to subsidize, gave me insight in the solutions and technology of this field of science. My work on document conversions was challenging and thus rewarding. I would like to specially thank my instructor at CERN, Dr. Michel Goos-sens, whose way of finding interesting aspects of the work I admire. The motivation I experienced throughout the year was due mainly to his ability to look at things from my point of view and thus provide me with work which was both to my and CERN's benefit. Thanks also to Anthony Osborne, the ASD group leader, for seeing my ambition for the work and supporting me with conferences and language courses. From other colleges I would like to thank Paul Kent for interesting discussions on subjects ranging from computer science to the nature of suit. Also deserving of thanks are my Finnish colleagues, Jari Sulkimo and …


The N galaxy/BL Lacertae object 3C 371 was observed by EXOSAT on two occasions separated by 18 days in September 1984. The low-energy and medium-energy X-ray flux has varied on the time scale of years (in comparison with HEAO 1 and Einstein Observatory measurements), 18 days (between the authors' two observations), and 8 hr to about 25 minutes within the authors first observation. The 0.05-6 keV energy spectrum was determined using data acquired during the first observation with the low-energy telescope and channeltron matrix array detector (LE) and medium-energy proportional counters (ME). It is found that the spectrum probably consists of two components, with the steeper one at low photon energies. 24 references.


The principle of IGBT drive monotithic circuit is introduccd ,the desing procedures of the protective circuit are dealt with and several IGBT drive morolithil circuits are compared


In 2012, Leucht et al. (2012) published a highlycited meta-meta-analysis in which they claimed that effect sizes for psychiatric drugs in which they concluded that 'psychiatric drugs were not generally less efficacious than other drugs,' along with the seemingly contradictory caveat that 'Any comparison of different outcomes in different diseases can only serve the purpose of a qualitative perspective. The increment of improvement by drug over placebo must be viewed in the context of the disease's seriousness, suffering induced, natural course, duration, outcomes, adverse events and societal values' (p.97). In an interesting follow-up to this paper, Cristea and Naudet (this issue) examined citations of the Leucht et al. article and concluded that most of them ignored Leucht et al.'s caveats and had used the citation to claim that the effects of psychiatric medications were similar to those of treatments in general medicine. Whereas in 2012, Leucht and colleagues reported effects sizes for general medicine to be similar to those found in psychotropic medications, in 2015, they reported effect sizes in general medicine that are substantially larger than those for psychiatric drugs (Leucht et al. 2015). For example, the drug-placebo SMDs reported by Leucht et al. (2012) for antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder are about 0.32. This is larger than the effect sizes reported by Leucht et al. (2015) for statins (SMD = 0.15) and aspirin (SMD = 0.12) for the prevention of cardiovascular events, but considerably smaller than the effect sizes reported for proton pump inhibitors (SMD = 1.39), oxycodone plus paracetamol (SMD = 1.04) and levodopa (SMD = 0.93) in treating gastric reflux, post-operative pain and Parkinson's disease, respectively. However, these data must be interpreted in light of Leucht et al.'s caution about comparisons between outcomes across different conditions. The more important question to answer is whether drugplacebo differences within particular disorders are clinically important. Cristea and Naudet make the claim that the effects of psychiatric treatments are 'trivial.' In this commentary, I consider whether that conclusion is justified. Cristea and Naudet's conclusion that the effect of psychiatric drugs are trivial is based on the conventional classification that standardised mean differences (SMD) of 0.20 as small, those of 0.50 as a medium, and those of 0.80 as large (Cohen, 1988). However, Cohen proposed his cut-offs for small, medium and large effect sizes with 'invitations not to employ them if possible. The values chosen had no more reliable a basis than my own intuition' (p. 532). More meaningful criteria for clinical significance of drug-placebo difference have to be set independently for each disorder. How can this be done? Researchers in the field of chronic pain reduction have reached a consensus on the clinical significance of treatment-induced pain reduction can be assessed within their field, and their method of so doing can provide a model for other fields (Farrar et al. 2001; Dworkin et al. 2005). The most common primary outcome measure in clinical trials of chronic pain is a 0–11 numerical rating scale (NRS) of pain intensity. To establish criteria for clinical significance, Farrar and colleagues compared NRS ratings with Patient Global Impression of Change scale, a 7-point scale, with endpoints of 'very much worse and very much improved' and 'very much worse,' with 'no change' as the midpoint. They decided in advance, that a score of 'much improved' would be their criterion for clinical significance, and established that this corresponded to a NRS reduction of 2 points or 30%. These, then, became conventionally accepted criteria for clinical improvement in chronic pain. What would happen if this strategy were employed to evaluate the clinical significance of changes in symptoms of depression? The most commonly used scale for assessing levels of depression is the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). Leucht et al. (2013) have provided the data needed to establish empirically derived criteria for the clinical significance of HRSD differences, using the approach adopted by chronic pain researchers (Moncrieff & Kirsch, 2015). These data indicate that 'much improved' is equivalent to a 14-point improvement Address for correspondence: I. Kirsch, Program in Placebo Studies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. (Email: email@example.com) Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, page 1 of 2. © Cambridge University Press 2017 doi:10.1017/S2045796017000725 COMMENTARY TO SPECIAL ARTICLE


With the current progress in the development of heparin fractions and the interest to investigate the mechanisms of action of these products, numer ous noncoagulant methods have been developed to assess their potency. Earlier coagulant assays, al though generally useful for heparin monitoring, have proved to be insensitive to the antithrombotic effect


Objectives. Mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall (MHCW) is a rare benign lesion typically presenting at birth or in the first year of life with characteristically clinical, radiological and pathological features. The purpose for this study was to get a better understanding of the illness, its clinical appearance, treatment and course. Findings. 57 reports comprising 103 children were identified. The males to females ratio was 1.6 : 1. About 80% of children with MHCW were diagnosed prenatally or within the first 6 month of life. 84% of patients underwent surgery for MHCW. Follow up period was complicated by scoliosis in 15% of operated patients. 4 patients died, but surgery related death did not occur. The rate of complete resection was lower in patients with bilateral or multifocal as in patients with unilateral or unifocal disease (p < 0.05). The rate of resurgery was higher in case of previous incomplete resection compared to complete resection (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Physicians may misinterpret MHCW as malignant process. For large symptomatic MHCW surgical resection is the appropriate treatment. Complete resection seems to be superior to partial resection. Close observation may be justified, but only in case of small asymptomatic lesions. Careful follow up is necessary to allow early recognition of complications.


Contemporary critical debates about autobiography revolve around questions of its generic status as a form of writing, the role of language (discourse) in reconstructingpast experience inthe lightofpresentawareness, autobiography's epistemological mode as histoly or literature as well as the ontological status of the writing self.' In addition to these literary-theoretical and philosophical issues, theorists of autobiography are beginning to show an interest in what may be broadly described as the sociological functions and implications of autobiographical writing. Although this approach does not preclude a textual consideration of the formal features of life histories such as narrativemode and structural organisation, it focuses largely on the socially institutionalised determinants of self-conception and autobiographical representation such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation and class (Neuman 1992). In focusing on the relationship between ideology and autobiographical selfpornayal in Alan Paton's autobiography this essay seeks to contribute to debates about the relationship between the autobiographical text and its social context. Critical issues raised by South A6ican critics of autobiography reflect a common tendency in the criticism of South African literature to emphasise the content of literary texts andto view the forms in which these texts are presented as mere vehicles for what are considered to be socially significant ideas. Accordingly, critical essays on South African autobiography tend to focus on the sociopolitical determinants ofautobiographical self-representation such as race, class and gender. For instance, there is a steadily growing body of criticism onblackwomen's autobiography (Daymond 1993, Nuttall 1996) and working-class autobiography (Thale 1995). Moreover, some critics have raised theoretical issues regarding autobiographical writing in the South Africancontext(Coullie 1991,1994;Daymond 1991;Gilfillan 1995;Ngwenya


Let T be a bounded linear operator on a complex Hilbert space H. In this paper we introduce a new class of operators: M−class Q∗ operators. An operator T ∈ L(H) is of M−class Q∗, for a fixed real number M ≥ 1, if T satisfies ‖T ∗x‖2 ≤ 1 2 (M‖T x‖ + ‖x‖), for all x ∈ H. We prove the basic properties of this class of operators and the M−class Q operators.


Developmental lignification is a process where lignin is deposited to the plant cell wall during the normal cell differentiation. Lignification of cell walls occurs where increased support or water impermeability is needed, such as in tracheary elements and in sclerenchymatic tissues of e.g. fibers and in the endocarp of some fruits. The chemical structure and amount of lignin varies between plant species, cell types, and cell wall layers and as response to environmental conditions. Lignification is apparently regulated by hormonal signaling (e.g. gibberellin) controlling the multiple enzymes via various transcription factors (e.g. MYB and LIM) involved in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway and probably by the level of reactive oxygen species in the apoplast. The most extensively studied area of developmental lignification is the lignification of xylem cells. In this review, two main areas of xylem research are covered: Lignin biosynthesis in xylem cells of trees, and the tracheary element differentiation in the Zinnia elegans cell culture. Knowledge on xylem lignification in trees has increased enormously during the recent years due to development e.g. in histological and in molecular biology methods, whereas the Z. elegans system presents a well characterized model for studying cellular events in xylem differentiation. In addition, studies on other cases of developmental lignin biosynthesis in particular in monocotyledonous species are included. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Ameliorative steps to put acid sulfate soils into productive use can be organized by a decision support system. The model uses microeconomic analysis to get an optimal rate of lime and fertilizer in maximizing profit. A glasshouse experiment was conducted on an acid sulfate soil in Malaysia to get the potential yield. A field trial was conducted for validation purposes. The recommended rate offertilizer application of 150-200 kg ha- J N. 20-30 kg ha- J P and 150-200 kg ha- J K were applied during the critical stage of the rice growth. Field Adjusting Factor (FAF) ofOAQ has been found and this was used /0 analyze the production function. Using TableCurve 3D software. an equation for production function was established. Validation using experimental data showed that the equation has a good capability. shown by the value of p>0.2 (t-test) and MEE of 2%. The model. named as RiCASS(Rice Cultivation on Acid Sulfate Soil}. was developed and successfully simulated the maximal profit under 4 different scenarios. The recommended rate of lime (GML) was 6.5 t ha- J for maximal profit and 2.5- 3.0 t ha- J for the farmers . practice .


Self-acceptance a person has a realistic relationship between the state of her with her desire to receive state of self without feeling burdened by the views of the surrounding community, and accept limitations in a realistic self without feeling self-blame. With low self-acceptance can lead to someone alienated. Because the level of a person receiving the state itself will determine the shape of his life adjustment. And no one was able to accept ourselves as well if the person does not first know yourself and accept it as is. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between self-acceptance with the alienation of transvestites. Subjects were transvestites (N = 40) in Denpasar-Bali (Style of the Gods) on the basis of purposive sampling. The data was collected using two scales covering self-acceptance scale and the scale of alienation. To test the correlation using the product moment analysis technique. The independent variables in this study were self-acceptance and the dependent variable is alienation.
The type of research is non-experimental. From the analysis of data showed a highly significant correlation (r = -0.767, p <0.010), this means the hypothesis is verified, there is a correlation between self-acceptance with the alienation of transvestites (Style Gods) in Denpasar, Bali. As the discussion of the results showed that there is a correlation between self-acceptance with the alienation of transvestites (Style Gods) in Denpasar, Bali. This could mean that the transvestites who have low self-acceptance will be alienated and vice versa in which high self-acceptance, the transsexual is not alienated.


In this paper, we present the role of ground contact angle in passive dynamic walking and running with analysis by two limb models from an energetic view. First, a massless limb model is proposed which introduces locomotion cost of running as a function of speed, limb length, ground contact angle and excursion angle. Furthermore, a mass-added limb model is created taking the limb mass into account during walking and running to estimate the energetic cost of limb swing. Our models indicate that ground contact angle is relevant to the force production which is necessary to swing the limb. To estimate the importance of ground contact angle in bipedal locomotion during walking and running, we create a bipedal robot with the wheel chair pushing task. Only one motor is used to drive each limb to perform two dimensional movements. Passive movements of the foot and knee rely on gravity and on the elasticity of springs on the limbs. The relationship between ground contact angle and energetic cost in bipedal locomotion is justified by experiments in different gaits.


Proteinuria has been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for progression of renal disease and is potentially modifiable by available therapy. Routine evaluation of patients at increased risk of renal failure (patients with vascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, immediate relatives of patients with diabetes, hypertension or renal disease, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders) has been recommended (CARI guideline – Early detection of patients with renal disease). Urine protein assessment is also an important method of assessing progression and response to therapy in patients with known renal disease. The aim of this guideline is to review the different methodologies available for assessing proteinuria and albuminuria. The data available are limited and many fundamental questions such as the relative benefits and harms of screening high risk groups, the comparative usefulness of proteinuria versus albuminuria as a screening tool and frequency of testing have not been sufficiently addressed to form definitive guidelines. Therefore, recommendations based on a review of the current literature have been proposed. It is important to note that the primary message is to improve the rate of screening of high risk individuals and, in the absence of definitive data, the method by which this is done should be tempered by practical considerations such as ease of use, patient acceptability and cost.


After a brief review of some known steady state properties of an absorptive bistable system, we discuss in some details new aspects of the transient response that follows a sudden perturbation from steady state. The evolution of the perturbed bistable system towards its new steady state consists of two generally distinct phases: one is the local relaxation within each well of the bimodal potential, the second is the tunneling through the local maximum that separates the metastable and stable steady states. We give an analytic description of both phases of the evolution, and give explicit formulas for the local and global relaxation rates.


The photoluminescence emission of porous silicon was regularly measured while immersed in dilute metal ion solutions of Cu, Ag, and Au. The emission spectra show progressive quenching that advances from the blue edge towards the red edge of the emission band, causing a continuous shift in the band center and a narrowing of its width. Auger electron spectroscopy data show that the penetration of the metal adsorbate into the porous layer correlates with the degree of quenching of the photoluminescence. These results are interpreted as a progression of the quenching of the photoluminescence inward from the surface of the sample toward the bulk.


. This article presents the use of fluid flow approximation to model interactions between a set of TCP, UDP and XCP flows in the environment of IP routers using AQM (Active Queue Management) algorithms to control traffic congestion. In contrast to other works, independent UDP and TCP streams are considered and the model allows to start and end data transmissions in TCP, UDP and XCP streams at any time moment. It incorporates several Active Queue Management mechanisms: RED, NLRED, CHOKe.


Several models have been proposed to study the dynamics of competition between languages. Among them, and starting from the dynamics of endangered languages, recent approaches have addressed the issue of bilingualism. Along these lines we consider the dynamics of language use, allowing for bilingualism, within a social network in the case where the two languages are equivalent. Understanding this case is a first step to describe the case of an endangered language competing against a language with higher status. Local effects are analyzed, studying interface dynamics and growth laws of the system. Power laws for the decay of interface density and bilingual population density are obtained. A final state is reached, where one of the languages disappears. We also study the stability of bilingual communities, which suggests possible explanations for the difficulty of coexistence of languages in the long term.


Abstract:A possible model for future graduate education, the Spanish for the Professions, Master of Science program, which some may consider a terminal degree, was designed to meet the growing need for employees with a high-level of Spanish language proficiency and cultural competency. This exploration of the fully online Spanish for the Professions graduate program outlines program development and provides a preliminary evaluation of the program's ability to respond to learners' needs and job market demand. Program enrollment and a preliminary qualitative assessment provide evidence that the program is a sustainable and adaptive model for Spanish graduate education in the twenty-first century.


Most students are familiar with eyewitness testimony, but earwitness testimony might be valuable too. Cognitive specialist Andrew K. Dunn considers the evidence.


IHDP Update 1.2008 In the winter of 2005, at the initiative of Elinor Ostrom and the IHDP Scienctific Committee, I organized a meeting at Arizona State University on the theme "Vulnerability, Resilience and Adaptation". The papers presented at the meeting – as well as a collective paper – were published in the autumn of 2006 in a special issue (vol 16:3) of Global Environmental Change, edited by Elinor Ostrom and Marco Janssen. On the basis of that result, in March 2007 the Scientific Committee decided to create a transversal theme across all IHDP core projects on this theme, and asked me to initiate that effort. This short contribution is intended as a brief report to the wider IHDP community, as well as an effort to reach out to all those researchers in our community that might be interested. To clarify our main concerns and to set this article in a broader context, we resume a discussion of key concepts that was presented in the special issue. A broader discussion of these and similar concepts can be found elsewhere (Adger 2006; Folke 2006; Gallopin 2006; Janssen et al. 2006; Smit 2006). In the literature that concerns us, the ideas of adaptation and adaptability are somewhat older than resilience and its sister concepts, robustness and vulnerability. In the life sciences, adaptation has a lengthy tradition, and was brought to prominence by Darwin and others in attempting to explain the genesis of diverse forms of life. In the social sciences, it dates back at least to the cultural ecology of the 1940s and 1950s (e.g. White, 1949; Steward, 1955). In these contexts, adaptation refers to the process of structural change in response to external circumstances. Adaptedness, then, refers to the extent to which a particular dynamic structure is effective in dealing with its environment, and adaptability refers to the capacity to adapt to future changes in the environment of the system concerned. Adaptation and adaptability have, moreover, a connotation of reaction to changing exogenous circumstances, whereas resilience, robustness, and vulnerability are more often used in a setting in which society and its environment are deemed to be interactive and, so, dynamic. Adaptation and adaptability are rather general concepts that do not point to the why and how of the underlying system dynamics. Resilience, robustness, and vulnerability point to structural characteristics of the systems concerned and to whether or not change is necessary for survival. The concepts "resilience," "robustness," and "vulnerability" can only be understood in relation to one another (van der Leeuw, 2001). All three are properties of the combined socio-ecological system. Robustness is the most recent of these terms. Its intrinsic meanings are still under (sometimes heated) discussion (cf. www.santafe.edu/robustness) A New Initiative on Vulnerability, Resilience and Adaptation


This policy brief highlights the findings of a study undertaken by KIPPRA to examine the nature and distribution of droughts and floods which are the dominate natural disaster in Kenya. A better understanding of these events is important in designing measures at the three phases of disaster risk reduction, namely: preparedness (before disaster), response (during disaster) and recovery (after disaster).


In this paper we establish a generalization of the triangle inequity and the Dunkl-Williams inequality in quasi 2-normed linear spaces.


Iron is an essential micronutrient for all higher plants. Although abundant in most well-aerated soils, most of this iron is not available for plant uptake (Romheld and Marschner 1986a), primarily because it is very insoluble. To make iron more available, plants have evolved various adaptation mechanisms that mobilize iron at the root-soil interface (rhizosphere). The absence of irondeficiency symptoms (chlorosis) in many piant species growing on well-aerated neutral and alkaline soils indicates that these adaptation mechanisms are operating. On calcareous soils (soils rich in calcium carbonate), symptoms of chlorosis frequently occur because certain plant species (genotypes) have only a limited capacity to exhibit adaptive processes when growing in these soils.


The oil sands of Alberta, Canada constitute the world's largest bitumen reserve. In situ extraction methods are used to recover deeper bitumen resources. Thermal methods are commonly used, for which, steam is generated on the surface and injected underground to heat the reservoir, and thereby improve the flow of the bitumen. The overall objective of this study was to understand what happens to the chemistry of water that is pumped down as steam into an oil sand formation during in situ thermal recovery operations, as well as to the water that is already in the formation as groundwater. In this paper, apparatus has been designed on a pilot scale and used to study mineral–water reactions at the temperatures and pressures observed underground in a steam chamber formed during in situ oil sand operations with a focus on both soluble organics and inorganics. The results showed that there were reactions occurring between the minerals and water as evidenced by the change in anion concentration, pH and pE of the aqueous solutions. This pilot scale study demonstrates that the underground inorganic and organic water chemistry could change during the high-temperature thermal in situ oil sand extraction process.


Traditional power theory can not be applied to circuits under nonsinusoidal conditions. The now available instantaneous power theories have no clear physical meanings. To solve these problems, this paper presents a definition of instantaneous power which is based on minimizing transmission loss. The mathematical model is given, and its simplified solution is presented. This definition has a distinct physical meaning. It is identical with the traditional power theory when applied to sinusoidal circuit, with Fryze's definition when applied to single phase circuit, and with H.Akagi's definition when applied to three wire three phase circuit. According to this definition, the determination of real and reactive power has a same criterion both in single phase circuit and 3 phase circuit. This paper also presents a broad sense harmonic theory, with which we can judge the non liner degree of the load. This harmonic theory can be unified with the above mentioned power theory.


The main uterine artery and its branches are derivatives of the hypogastric artery. At the level of the internal cervical os, the uterine artery bifurcates into the cervical and corporal branches. At the uterotubal junction, the corporal branch turns laterally and upward toward the ovary where it establish anastomoses with the ovarian artery, forming an arterial arcade that provides perfusion to the upper aspect of the uterine corpus. The blood flow takes a linear course in the hypogastric artery, then turns into a serpentine course in the uterine artery, and finally regains a linear course throughout the gestation, as the uterus gradually increases in size. Approximately eight to ten arcuate arteries originate from each uterine branch and envelope both the anterior and the posterior walls of the uterus for about one-third of the thickness of the myometrium 1 . These arteries take a tortuous course and establish anastomoses with the corresponding arteries from the contralateral side in the midline of uterine myometrium. The radial arteries arise from the arcuate arteries and are directed inward toward the uterine mucosa. The total number is undefined and most likely is dependent on parity and human biodiversity.


The exclusive deep-inelastic electro-production of ψ(2S) and J/ψ(1S) has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 354 pb−1. The decay modes analyzed were μ+μ− and J/ψ(1S)π+π− for the ψ(2S), and μ+μ− for the J/ψ(1S). The analysis was carried out in the kinematic range 5 ≤ Q2 ≤ 70 GeV2, 30 ≤W ≤ 210 GeV, and |t| ≤ 1 GeV2, where Q2 is the photon virtuality, W the virtual-photon proton centre-


Theoretical Criminology Third Edition The late GEORGE B. VOLD and THOMAS J. BERNARD, Pennsylvania State University. "A must for the serious student of criminology."-Federal Probation (on the second edition). Now brought thoroughly up to date in a third edition, this comprehensive text offers clear explanations and insightful assessments of the wide range of criminology theories-from the traditional classical and positivist heories to the recent conflict and Marxist theories. 1985 384 pp.; 4 illus. $19.95


In order to solve the problem of surface aging and loss of hydrophobicity of the outer insulating composite material of power transmission and transformation equipment after a period of operation, the surface of the composite insulator is cleaned by a laser cleaning method. A laser cleaning platform was established. By comparing the water repellency analysis before and after cleaning and after wiping the surface, the feasibility of the laser cleaning process of silicon rubber on the surface of the aging insulator is verified. And according to the different light absorption ability of different colors and materials, the auxiliary cleaning effect of different colors and different materials when the auxiliary colorant is coated on the surface of the insulator is evaluated, including water repellency measurement, roughness measurement, cleaning depth measurement and 200 times microscope observation. The research results show that for the cleaning and activation of aging silicone rubber on the surface of composite insulators, the hydrophobic recovery effect achieved by the laser cleaning method is very obvious. In addition, the colorant with a large light absorption coefficient has a great auxiliary cleaning effect, and the cleaning effect of the non-glossy colorant is better than that of the gloss colorant when it is coated on the surface of the insulator.


For AWS of individual drive EV with four hub motors, study on differential control is carried out by means of regenerative braking. EV designed in this paper controls speed of various wheels by means of mode of regenerative braking to make wheel turning at various speed, and braking energy is recovered while steering is achieved, which is an innovative electronic steering scheme. Research is carried out for problem of steering differential on the basis of EV sample which has been designed, and a set of scheme for steering differential control of motor driving and regenerative braking based is designed, and feasibility of this scheme is verified through real vehicle test.


Anecdotal evidence coming from everyday discussions with Hungarian lecturers points to the fact that student cheating is prevalent in Hungarian business higher education. This seemingly widespread (and often collectively practiced) student activity can not only cast a shadow on the validity of the degrees issued by Hungarian business schools, but also raises concerns about the long-term effects of cheating in terms of the operation of higher education in general. Based on semi-structured interviews conducted with students and lecturers of a Hungarian business school, in this paper we aim to map the attributions of these key stakeholders in relation to the specific causes and effects of cheating. The aims of the paper are twofold. Firstly, to provide a detailed account of the main causes and effects appearing in the social scientific discourse. Therefore, the paper provides a short literature review summarising the most important studies dealing with the causal factors of cheating published between 1990 and 2016 (based on a search in JSTOR and EBSCO). The paper's second aim is to compare these features of the relevant literature with so-called 'practice'. In order to do so, under the umbrella of an ongoing research project, we conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholder groups in higher education, namely with lecturers and students in a Hungarian business school. As far as data analysis is concerned, the process has three stages. As a first step, we map the causal connections identified by the interviewees, or—to utilise the social-psychological terminology—we highlight their attributions in relation to cheating. Then, we visualise these attributions by drawing causal diagrams, which illustrate the perceived causes and effects of cheating. Lastly, we compare two diagrams—one based on students' and one based on lecturers' answers—reflecting on both their similarities and differences. In the final part of the paper, we compare the key findings of the literature review with the experiences and perceptions of the key stakeholders regarding both causes and the short and long-term effects of cheating. Moreover, we connect the results to the wider social and political context, especially focusing on Hungarian values and beliefs.


Solutions of learning problems by Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) – and almost-ERM when the minimizer does not exist – need to be consistent, so that they may be predictive. They also need to be well-posed in the sense of being stable, so that they might be used robustly. We propose a statistical form of stability, defined in terms of the property of cross-validation leave-one-out (CVloo) stability, and (a) show that it is sufficient, in general, for generalization, that is convergence in probability of the empirical error to the expected error, for any algorithm satisfying it. Our second observation is that (b) for bounded loss classes, CVloo stability is necessary and sufficient for consistency of ERM. We conclude that CVloo stability is the weakest form of stability which is sufficient for generalization for general learning algorithms while subsuming the classical conditions for for consistency of ERM. We discuss stronger forms of stability and their relations with "small" uGC hypothesis spaces, such as VC-classes and balls in a Sobolev or a RKHS space. We also discuss the relation between compactness of the hypothesis space and another form of stability. This report describes research done within the Center for Biological & Computational Learning in the Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences and in the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This research was sponsored by grants from: Office of Naval Research (DARPA) under contract No. N00014-00-1-0907, National Science Foundation (ITR) under contract No. IIS-0085836, National Science Foundation (KDI) under contract No. DMS-9872936, and National Science Foundation under contract No. IIS-9800032 Additional support was provided by: Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Center for e-Business (MIT), Eastman Kodak Company, DaimlerChrysler AG, Compaq, Honda R&D Co., Ltd., Komatsu Ltd., Merrill-Lynch, NEC Fund, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone, Siemens Corporate Research, Inc., The Whitaker Foundation, and the SLOAN Foundations.


Tourism is a rapidly growing business that receives global attention. Successful tourism business will offer many benefits to the host countries. Although Malaysia's tourism industry is fast expanding, studies on satisfaction in the tourism context are still limited. Hence, conducting more satisfaction research in the Malaysian tourism context is vital. In this paper, three factors related to satisfaction namely service quality, value and experience are discussed. Previous studies only show direct relationship between these three constructs on satisfaction creation. However, based on comprehensive literature review, it is believed interactions of these constructs can be more complex and not limited to a one-to-one direct relationship. This paper puts forward a conceptual framework which describes how satisfaction can be influenced directly and indirectly by the three above-mentioned variables.


Significance Microtubules (MTs) are nonequilibrium polymers that switch between states of growth and shrinkage. This property is critical for their function and is a consequence of GTP hydrolysis in the MT. The structure of the stable GTP part of the MT (the GTP cap) has previously been inferred from MTs polymerized with nonhydrolyzable GTP analogs. Here, we report high-resolution structures of MTs truly containing GTP, polymerized from mutated, hydrolysis-deficient tubulins. We find that GTP-MTs have an "expanded lattice" and a "closed seam," structural characteristics possibly responsible for stabilizing the GTP cap. These results provide insight into the structural transitions at growing MT ends, furthering our understanding of the bistable nature of MTs. Microtubules (MTs) are polymers of αβ-tubulin heterodimers that stochastically switch between growth and shrinkage phases. This dynamic instability is critically important for MT function. It is believed that GTP hydrolysis within the MT lattice is accompanied by destabilizing conformational changes and that MT stability depends on a transiently existing GTP cap at the growing MT end. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of GTP hydrolysis–deficient MTs assembled from mutant recombinant human tubulin to investigate the structure of a GTP-bound MT lattice. We find that the GTP-MT lattice of two mutants in which the catalytically active glutamate in α-tubulin was substituted by inactive amino acids (E254A and E254N) is remarkably plastic. Undecorated E254A and E254N MTs with 13 protofilaments both have an expanded lattice but display opposite protofilament twists, making these lattices distinct from the compacted lattice of wild-type GDP-MTs. End-binding proteins of the EB family have the ability to compact both mutant GTP lattices and to stabilize a negative twist, suggesting that they promote this transition also in the GTP cap of wild-type MTs, thereby contributing to the maturation of the MT structure. We also find that the MT seam appears to be stabilized in mutant GTP-MTs and destabilized in GDP-MTs, supporting the proposal that the seam plays an important role in MT stability. Together, these structures of catalytically inactive MTs add mechanistic insight into the GTP state of MTs, the stability of the GTP- and GDP-bound lattice, and our overall understanding of MT dynamic instability.


A typical software testing is performed by making and running test cases that consist of input pattern and expected output pattern. Because exhaustive testing requires billions of test cases and many labours, we can only perform hundreds of them in practice. As for a software logic testing, selecting test cases from many candidates to achieve enough programme path coverage is important, and specific software testing skills are required for it. In our study, we propose a knowledge creation method of software logic extracted automatically from programme source code. In our method, all possible programme paths are extracted from source code, then converted into a decision table, which is easy-readable table format for software testing engineer. The logic verification can be performed exhaustively in a short time by comparing the decision table with a specification of software. Our method would contribute to improve both efficiency and quality of software testing.


From viewing the present situation that university students are short of physical education health consciousness and have poor ability of medical supervision, the author raised the thought of opening physical education health teaching so that teachers and students can improve the ability of medical self-supervision,and it also can make the students take scientific exercises. Therefore a foundation for lifetime exercises can be laid.


During hard disk drive (HDD) testing process, the magneto-resistive read (MR) head is analyzed and checked if the head is defective or not. Baseline popping (BLP) is one of the crucial problems caused by head instability, whose effect can distort the readback signal to the extent of causing possible sector read failure. Without BLP detection algorithm, the defective read head might pass through HDD assembling process, thus producing an unreliable HDD. This situation must be prevented so as to retain customer satisfaction. This paper proposes a simple (but efficient) BLP detection algorithm for perpendicular magnetic recording systems. Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional one in terms of both the percentage of detection and the percentage of false alarm, when operating at high signal-to-noise ratio.


A wide variety of optical phenomena rely on the near field manipulation and confinement of electromagnetic field in subwavelength metallic and dielectric resonators with applications ranging from the design of micro and nano scale photonic devices to super lenses and ultrasensitive sensors. In this invited paper, we present a discussion on controlling the metamaterial properties by active and passive manipulation of near field coupling in an array of split ring resonators. We show that near field coupling between the meta-atoms could lead to resonance tuning, mode splitting, and ultrafast switching in passive and active resonators. The near field coupling schemes discussed here demonstrate the application possibilities of such structures towards the design of active switches, amplitude modulators, frequency agile behaviors, and slow light devices, particularly for the terahertz frequency regime, which still suffers from the shortage of practical devices required to bridge the so called "THz gap".


According to the importance of project cost management,it introduces the problems existing in the cost management of construction enterprises,discusses how to make cost control in the construction program management,and points out that only when the cost control of the whole process is done well,can the program management goal be fully realized and can comprehensive economic benefit of enterprises be enhanced.


an interesting and novel idea. He has provided a comparative treatment of the fifty-one chief executives who reign in the federal and state governments. The effort has been well worth it, since, to the full extent that his subject permits, the author has used the governorship to throw light on the presidency, and vice versa. The net result, however, does not equate the two offices. Similar in form, they are so dissimilar in the range of their functions that the difference of degree virtually becomes a difference in kind. This can readily be seen by contrasting Parts 1 and 2 of this book with Part 3. In the two former, where the author discusses the "constitutional foundations" and then the "structure of the office," the governorships are amply analyzed and as much space appears to be devoted to them as to the presidency. But the subject-matter in places becomes tedious, as usually happens when one attempts to summarize all the systems prevailing in the various states and to detail the various exceptions to the various generalizations. When Professor Kallenbach reaches Part 3, which is concerned with "Executive Power and Functions," he comes alive—as does his reader. At the same time, almost inevitably, the presidency takes over, and the governors for the most part receive short shrift. And, how could it be otherwise? The office which is invested with national political power, which is the object of the most intense inter-party rivalries, and which is at the same time the leader of the country—for good or ill—in its external relations, cannot fail to have deeper significance than any governorships. Only three or four of the latter truly encompass a range of problems whose depth and import admit meaningful comparison with those of the president. In the course of this general analysis, the author offers some interesting judgments. He reminds his reader that the earliest governorships paved the way for the presidency as that office emerged in the Constitution, and that the latter has since presented a norm to which the state offices have tended more and more to approximate. Although, in theory, the states are sometimes considered as laboratories for experimentation, in practice the experimenting has been conducted within a much narrower scale than the opportunities permitted. Indeed, as Mr. Kallenbach notes, "fundamental variations in the organizational pattern and role of the chief executive were wider and more significant among the original 13 state governments than they are now. . ." (p. 242). Professor Kallenbach considers the arguments which have been advanced in favor of altering the structure of the presidency and assimilating it to a cabinet-parliamentary system. He rejects this possibility, rightly and realistically, because he thinks that the American type of chief executive has become such a part of our accepted tradition, and works on the whole so effectively, that drastic change in its character is out of the question. To this office, particularly at the federal level, he pays the deserved tribute that it has provided a focus for effective national leadership in public affairs. Leadership, however, can have its dark or dangerous side. In the closing section of the book, the author peers into the future and observes the perils which arise increasingly from the aggrandizement of the military powers of the President and from the response to conditions of international crisis. Could even a form of Caesarism result from present tendencies, if extrapolated? These are not idle questions, especially since they are raised at a time when presidential action has led the country into a full-scale war which the Congress has never been asked to declare, and by gradual escalation has contrived to make support for executive actions politically synonymous with upholding the nation's honor. Perhaps, these contemporary facts suggest an epilogue to this study of our chief executives. I t is the salutary reminder that executive power exists in authoritarian regimes as well as in democracies. The key institution of government, however, which distinguishes democracy from dictatorship is the legislature, since there, and there alone, is the public forum for the continuous confrontation of the power to govern and the power to criticize.— LESLIE LIPSON, University oj California, Berkeley.


This paper presents the development of a high efficiency, rad-hard 3.8 kW silicon carbide (SiC) based Anode Supply Module (ASM) Array for the High Voltage Hall Accelerator (HiVHAC) thruster's power processing unit (PPU). The power converter utilizes SiC JFET power switches which have on-resistance an order of magnitude smaller than equivalent 600V rad-hard silicon MOSFETs. Program goals include the ability to produce up to 700 V output voltage, 3.6 kW output power, 2.5 kW/kg gravimetric power density, and 96% efficiency. The converter operates on 80-160 V input and can dynamically control the output voltage between 200-700 V.


The present study provides 2-year follow-up data for a comparison between a complete behavioral marital therapy treatment package (CO) and two of its major components, behavior exchange (BE) andcommunication/problem-solving training (CPT). Data are reported for 34 couples who were randomly assigned to one of these three treatments, completed the treatment to which they were assigned, and were available for the 2-year follow-up. The effects of therapy at the 2-year follow-up were evaluated using a global measure of marital satisfaction and a checklist of presenting marital problems. Statistically significant differences between the three treatments were not in evidence on any of the measures. However, couples in the CO treatment condition were most likely to be happily married and least likely to be separated or divorced. Attempts to identify variables which predicted long-term outcome were largely unsuccessful. Ananalysis based on standardized telephone interview indicated that, while neither therapist attributes nor maintenance of treatment-derived relationship skills were associated with long-term marital satisfaction, stressful life events subsequent to therapy termination were negatively related to marital satisfaction.


The phytochemical composition and the effects of various concentrations of aqueous whole plant extract of Phyllanthus niruri on some hematological parameters in albino rats were investigated. In this study, it was observed that the extract contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, anthraquinones, reducing sugars and polyphenols. The hematological studies showed no significant difference in the WBC levels of all treated groups when compared with the control. There was no appreciable change in the PCV analysis of the treated group when compared to the control. The observation shows that the extract may not have affected the WBC and PCV levels of the treated groups. There was a significant decrease in the HB% of Groups C (9.64 ± 1.40) and E (8.08 ± 0.72) when compared to that of the control (12.81 ± 0.57) at p<0.05 level of significance. The observable decrease in the HB count of the groups treated with the extract may be a pointer to hemato-toxicity potential of the extract.


Each of the three Alpha, Bravo and Charlie satellites of the ESA Swarm mission carries an Absolute Scalar Magnetometer (CNES customer furnished ASM instrument designed by CEA-Léti) that provides the nominal 1 Hz scalar data of the mission, but also delivers 1 Hz experimental vector data. Tests during the commissioning and calibration/validation phase have shown that these data and the rigidity of the boom mechanically linking the ASM to the star imager (STR) on Alpha and Bravo were of such good quality that an IGRF candidate geomagnetic field model could possibly be produced from such ASM-only data (without having to resort to any of the nominal vector field magnetometer (VFM) data of the mission). In this presentation, we will report on our efforts to build such an IGRF candidate, which intends to provide an image of the January 1, 2015 Geomagnetic Field, alternative to the images provided by IGRF candidate models based on Swarm nominal L1b data, or other data.


There are many existing studies of user behavior in simple tasks (e.g., navigational and informational search) within a short duration of 1--2 queries. However, we know relatively little about user behavior, especially browsing and clicking behavior, for longer search session solving complex search tasks. In this paper, we characterize and compare user behavior in relatively long search sessions (10 minutes; about 5 queries) for search tasks of four different types. The tasks differ in two dimensions: (1) the user is locating facts or is pursuing intellectual understanding of a topic; (2) the user has a specific task goal or has an ill-defined and undeveloped goal. We analyze how search behavior as well as browsing and clicking patterns change during a search session in these different tasks. Our results indicate that user behavior in the four types of tasks differ in various aspects, including search activeness, browsing style, clicking strategy, and query reformulation. As a search session progresses, we note that users shift their interests to focus less on the top results but more on results ranked at lower positions in browsing. We also found that results eventually become less and less attractive for the users. The reasons vary and include downgraded search performance of query, decreased novelty of search results, and decaying persistence of users in browsing. Our study highlights the lack of long session support in existing search engines and suggests different strategies of supporting longer sessions according to different task types.


Information Hiding is a task that face difficult challenges in current time.  The reason for these challenges is the rapid development of methods of detection of hidden information. So, researchers have been interested in developing methods of concealment, making it difficult for attackers to access hidden information using new methods of concealment. Such as the introducing a complex algorithms, use a random methods and invent more complicated and difficult steps. This paper presents a new method of hiding information within the image. This method creates a new sequence of mysterious and difficult steps by dividing the secret text on all image and random distributing of bits to each row. Then using a special reverse method to hide the bits in that row. The LSB method has also been developed to make it more difficult to hide the pixel. The results presented illustrate the strength and security of the method and provide greater protection for hidden information. Also, the result illustrate the quality of the stego image compared with the original image using PSNR and SSIM quality measures.


Jumping plant lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are known for a few deleterious pest species worldwide, yet the phylogeny of the group has been poorly understood until very recently. Here, we reconstruct the higher‐level phylogeny for the superfamily Psylloidea based on multilocus DNA sequences, three mitochondrial (COI‐tRNAleu‐COII, 12S, 16S) and five nuclear (18S, 28S D2, 28S D3, 28S D6–7a, 28S D9–10) gene fragments, using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic frameworks. Our results are largely congruent with the recent phylogenomic study and partly support prior classification of Psylloidea based mainly on morphology, with the following major exceptions: the family Calophyidae is revealed as polyphyletic, Aphalaridae as paraphyletic with respect to most other taxa of Psylloidea, and Liviidae as paraphyletic with respect to Calophyinae, Psyllidae and Triozidae. Our phylogenetic hypothesis identifies Phacopteronidae and the genus Cecidopsylla Kieffer as the very basal taxa within extant Psylloidea. Sister‐group relationships of Rhinocolinae with Togepsyllinae and of Pachypsyllinae with Homotomidae are also suggested. We present specific discussions for each group of interest recovered in our phylogenetic analysis. One nomenclatorial change is proposed: Spanioneura longicauda (Konovalova) comb.n., from Psylla Geoffroy.


Development of millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths technologies is of great interest lately, especially for application in so called terahertz imaging. As a rule, two main approaches are used for this purpose based on employment of active and passive methods of visualization. In our paper we consider a tomography approach for obtaining 3-D imaging in frequency range from 100 GHz up to 325 GHz. We applied the method which we developed earlier for low frequency sub-surface tomography for extremely high frequencies. The considered method may be used for nondestructive testing. In the paper we present a theoretical model, experimental method and the results obtained.


This column is designed to help new nurses in their first year at the bedside—a time of insecurity, growth, and constant challenges—and to offer advice as they learn what it means to be a nurse. Because content on the care of patients who are transgender and gender diverse (TGD) is largely missing from undergraduate nursing curricula, most nurses will learn to care for TGD patients when first working at the bedside. This article offers guidance on providing affirming care to TGD patients, including discussions of gender and pronouns, privacy considerations, and communication and advocacy. The authors offer guidance for novice nurses on providing affirming care to transgender and gender diverse patients, including discussions of gender and pronouns, privacy considerations, and communication and advocacy.


Local or project level planning occurs within most federal water resources programs. Such planning involves both federal and local participants, and commonly involves a range of interest groups. It is necessary to know what goals these participants believe the planning process ought to achieve in order to design planning procedures which will meet their expectations. Social judgment analysis was used to elicit those goals for respondents who had participated in one of five different federal water resources programs, in one of five different roles. Respondents also evaluated the extent to which the planning activities in a recent project in which they had participated had actually attained the posited goals. The respondents believed that responsiveness to local problems was significantly more important than resolving conflicts or increasing public understanding. A fourth goal, achieving national objectives, was believed to be less important than the other three. No significant differences in these goal evaluations were associated with the type of program in which the respondents had participated. However, there were significant differences associated with the respondent's role in the planning process. Respondents' ratings of the effectiveness of actual planning projects varied by both program and respondent role.


TiO2-CuO composite particles were synthesized using solvothermal method. The structure and morphologies of the composite particles were characterized and their photocatalytic property for methanol productions from the photoreduction of CO2 under simulated sun-light were tested and the mechanism was discussed. The experimental results suggested that TiO2-CuO composite particles were hollow particles with a mean diameter of about 4.5 μm. Copper sulfate acts both as the templates and the metal source during the synthetic process. The photocatalytic results indicates that TiO2-CuO composite particles with mass fraction of 8% of CuO own the best photocatalytic activity. The methanol production reached 127.8 μmol/g with isopropanol as the hole scavenger. The modification of CuO and the adding of isopropanol are found to promote the separation of holes and electrons and the efficiencies for photoreduction of CO2 are improved.


We propose a method for identifying a set of entity properties from text. Identifying entity properties is similar to a relation extraction task that can be cast as a classification of sentences. Normally, this task can be achieved by distant supervised learning by automatically preparing training sentences for each property; however, it is impractical to prepare training sentences for every property. Therefore, we describe a zero-shot learning problem for this task and propose a neural network-based model that does not rely on a complete training set comprising training sentences for every property. To achieve this, we utilize embeddings of properties obtained from a knowledge graph embedding using different components of a knowledge graph structure. The embeddings of properties are combined with the model to enable identification of properties with no available training sentences. By using our newly constructed dataset as well as an existing dataset, experiments revealed that our model achieved a better performance for properties with no training sentences, relative to baseline results, even comparable to that achieved for properties with training sentences.


Study This For know enhancement income the people of Telaga Village, District Popayato, Regency Pohuwato, before and after existence plantation coconut palm oil PT Loka Indah Lestari. Study use approach quantitative with method ex post facto. Data collection obtained from results observation, questionnaire and documentation. The results of data analysis using analysis of Paired Samples t Test. Research Results showing that existence plantation coconut palm especially PT. Loka Indah Lestari is influential positive significant to income the people of Telaga Village District Popayato Regency Pohuwato. This show that existence plantation coconut PT. Loka Indah Lestari can for give benefit in stimulate absorption power implicated work Good in increase income society. Results per indicator found that plantation coconut palm especially by PT. Loka Indah Lestari is influential positive significant to income the people of Telaga Village District Popayato Regency Pohuwato, both on income personal, income disposable as well as income House stairs. However thus, results enhancement income public This must accompanied with awareness rehabilitation active environment done by society and company for continuity farming palm from aspect ecological, institutional, and social economy society.


The ATMOS Fourier Transform Spectrometer has observed, for the first time, the solar infrared spectrum, from 2 to 16 microns, free of any telluric absorption. A very large number of molecular lines are present on these high quality spectra: vibration-rotation lines of CO (Delta-v = 1 and 2; including the isotopic species C-13, O-18 and O-17), CH, NH, OH and pure rotation lines of OH. The analysis of these lines will allow to derive accurate values for the solar abundances of C, N and O and the isotopic ratios C-13/C-12, O-18/O-16, and O-17/O-16, to test the photospheric model from high to deep layers, to test the electric dipole moment functions of the different molecules and to derive much better molecular constants for CH.


Although Employee Wellness Programs (EWPs) have been around for decades, initiatives in government organizations typically lag behind initiatives developed in the private sector in both magnitude and diversity. While city managers may invest in EWPs with the intent of saving on health care costs and of enhancing employee productivity, internal characteristics and incentive structures as well as the organizational culture within each individual bureaucracy ultimately shape the nature and direction of EWP management. Drawing upon the logic of geographic individuality of administrative regions, the authors argue that organizations in different cities are likely to develop and incorporate wellness services that reflect unique regional settings. By assessing EWPs across the county, it is evident that the decision to implement certain wellness services within a city unit are based, in part, on geography rather than technical characteristics of the organization or wellness program. This means that geographical attributes can be translated into the provision of services. Pressure to establish a program likely comes from many arenas, and this assessment posits that geography plays an important role in program adoption alongside the service distribution argument of need and ability to pay.


Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is known to be able to provide high-resolution estimates of surface wind speed. These estimates usually rely on a geophysical model function (GMF) that has difficulties accounting for nonwind processes, such as rain events. Convolutional neural network, on the other hand, have the capacity to use contextual information and have demonstrated their ability to delimit rainfall areas. By carefully building a large dataset of SAR observations from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission, collocated with both GMF and atmospheric model wind speeds as well as rainfall estimates, we were able to train a wind speed estimator with reduced errors under rain. Collocations with in-situ wind speed measurements from buoys show a root mean square error that is reduced by 27% (respectively, 45%) under rainfall estimated at more than 1 mm/h (respectively, 3 mm/h). These results demonstrate the capacity of deep learning models to correct rain-related errors in SAR products.


A new system that uses inductive energy transfer to transport energy from a source to a number of variable loads simultaneously is introduced in this paper. Reported is on the controller implementation, based on quantum conversion and sliding-mode control theory, for the system. For both the source and each of the loads a separate controller is present to meet operational requirements. Special in this design is that all controllers work independently and thus are blinded from each other. Result is a proof-of-principle for the energy flow control of the contactless energy transfer system in a laboratory setup.


Background: Every canine is pulled during fixed orthodontic treatment, whether using an elastomeric chain short, elastomeric chain long, closed coil spring, or open coil spring, tends to cause pain for the patient. Which of the four components of the active device is the best in terms of the pain effect felt by the patient. Pain is a symptom that underlies most patients' rejection of proposed treatment plans. The success of treatment cannot be separated from factors of relief of pain in general, and failure to address these factors may leave patients fearful of returning. This study aimed to compare pain intensity during canine extraction using closed coil spring niTi, open coil spring niTi, elastomeric chain short, and elastomeric chain long in fixed orthodontic treatment standard edgewise.
Methods: This study is a longitudinal experimental research. A total of 16 research subjects participated in this study. The data analysis technique for this research is pain intensity analysis based on the time when the canine tooth is retracted using a tool elastomeric chain short, elastomeric chain long, closed coil spring, open coil spring, using the VAS questionnaire on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days using non-parametric Kruskal Wallis statistical tests to find out whether there are significant differences between 3 different times on 4 different types of equipment.
Results: There is no difference in intensity pain after canine retraction using closed coil spring, open coil spring, elastomeric chain short, or elastomeric chain long devices in standard edgewise fixed treatment based on VAS on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days. There is no difference in intensity pain after canine retraction using a closed coil spring appliance in standard edgewise fixed treatment based on VAS on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days. There are differences in the intensity of pain after retraction of the canine tooth using an elastomeric chain short, elastomeric chain long appliance in standard edgewise fixed treatment based on VAS on the 1st and 3rd days.
Conclusion: There are differences in pain intensity during canine extraction using closed coil spring niTi, open coil spring niTi, elastomeric chain short, and elastomeric chain long in fixed orthodontic treatment standard edgewise.


The first sub-micron polyacrylic sensor containing two independent ion-sensing systems is shown, that uses a single excitation wavelength and separates signals by using quantum dot donors to form FRET pairs with other fluorophores.


Carlos Julião is military man serving under the Portuguese Army who is supposedly the author of iconographical documents in Bra-zilian and Portuguese collections. Once those documents are relat-ed to the depiction of social characters from different Portuguese colonies they go beyond the specificity of the military drawing, reaching an interesting status as Art History. Concerning Brazil, specifically


The effective production of hydrocarbons from the Birkhead Formation, Eromanga Basin, relies heavily on understanding the complex distribution of reservoir and seal rocks deposited in a fluvial environment. To visualise this complexity, sequence stratigraphic concepts applied to non-marine basins were combined with 3D seismic data visualisation in a study of the Birkhead interval over the Merrimelia, Meranji and Pelican fields. Fluvial channel, crevasse splay channel, floodplaincrevasse splay complex and floodplain facies were recognised from the well log motifs in the Birkhead Formation. The interval is interpreted as an alluvial transgressive systems tract bounded by flooding surfaces consisting of shaly or coaly intervals. Lateral discontinuity of the fluvial system can be demonstrated between these surfaces. Seismic amplitude distributions in the 3D seismic data in the upper part of this transgressive systems tract illustrate well developed meandering fluvial channels. Combining the spatial distributions of sedimentary facies from the well logs and the seismic amplitudes results in the interpretation of a fluvial meandering channel belt that includes point bars and abandoned channels. The point bar sandstones in the channel belt should make good reservoirs and the juxtaposition of the point bar and abandoned channel facies can result in a stratigraphic trap component to the reservoir rocks within the channel belt. Although the point bars are known to be wet in the study area, it is still useful to consider their capacity as oil reservoirs, since they may serve as analogues for similar untested point bars elsewhere. Multiple realisations of the distribution of sandstone thickness of the point bars were generated by conditional simulation, using seismic amplitudes to control extrapolation of the well data. This gave a potential reserves distribution with a mean value of 18.8 million bbl in place. The complexity of the fluvial channel systems in the Birkhead Formation described in this paper should aid understanding of the reservoir and seal distribution and help optimise production from this interval in other fields.


Public hospitals are regularly confronted by safety and security breaches that expose employees, patients, and visitors to serious and violent crimes such as assault, rape, murder and theft. Furthermore, assets such as computer equipment, medical files, medical equipment, and medicines are frequently stolen from state hospitals. This paper is aimed at is aimed at identifying security gaps and shortcomings in the provision of security services so that recommendations can be formulated to address the assessed risks and other threats. Furthermore, the paper described the effectiveness of safety and security measures that are currently employed in public hospitals. A qualitative study was conducted at five public hospitals in the province of Gauteng. Data was collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews with 30 key participants who were selected through purposive sampling. Additionally, safety and security documents were analysed, followed by observation of security personnel in the control rooms. The research confirmed that inadequate security systems regarding perimeter fences, closed‑circuit television and trained security personnel at the research sites made it difficult to deter, detect and detain perpetrators. Furthermore, the use of a Security Risk Management Model developed specifically for public hospitals during this research is recommended.


This paper examines the relationship between global capitalism, commodification, and cultural integrity from multiple levels of analysis ranging from the macro to the micro. The macro approach questions the salience of the globalization thesis and argues that the future articulation of what I call Blade Runner capitalism will be less integrative than the Fordist-Keynesian capitalism of the past, thereby increasing the space for cultural integrity in many regions. The micro approach examines the nature of the commodity form through the diverse theoretical lenses of Marx, Weber, Veblen, and Baudrillard. I point out weaknesses in the formulations of both Marx and Weber, and turn to Veblen and Baudrillard for a fuller interpretation of commodity form. From this positionality, I argue that spaces for resistance to the hegemony of economic rationality may exist within the commodification process and the commodity form rather than apart from them. I conclude that globalization is not the all-encompassing threat to cultural integrity that many observers argue; nor does commodity status rule out effective resistance to cultural hegemony.


(57) [Abstract] are described with reference to methods and established communication protocol device for communication from the base unit (40) to a plurality of portable infrared devices (48.1-48.8) . And the mobile device in the signal is a fixed red from the base unit along the cable outside the receiver / transmitter (R / T46.1~46.16) standard transmission and reception slot smell in the infrared carrier (frequency) through a module It is exchanged. R / T module is arranged over the space in the building. Control circuit, since the sly so as to arrive at the mobile device with a phase difference which does not exceed the amount that different infrared carrier signal can accept generated from a nearby R / T modules are used. The system also includes a circuit for selecting a best infrared signal detected from a particular mobile device in several R / T module to the base unit. A hub to increase the number of R / T modules that can base unit is communicating is described.


speaks of sound producing archaic anxiety and of the listener's attempt to "master" the unfamiliar music he is hearing by becoming familiar with a repeated phrase to reduce this anxiety. I can understand how this can be necessary at an early stage of learning a difficult piece of music as part of the creation of one's inner Sound Ideal prior to performance, but was surprised not to fmd a more unguarded experimentally-receptive attitude to listening understood and appreciated. Kohut seems to consider a musically-analytical secondary process approach to listening to music as the highest attainable state of receptivity. People with advanced musical degrees who I have questioned assure me that they do not listen to music enjoying ticking off the analytical structure or harmonic development as they go along. They say that that could give pleasure later on in studying the piece, but listening was for them a much more open and free experience in which analytical thinking was suspended in favour of sharing the composer's emotional expression and enjoying the auditory sensual experience. He speaks of "ecstatic listening" as the regressive recreation of the babe at the breast. I suppose if we agree that there are only three possible categories into which we can fit all experiences and happenings then that could be the appropriate one, rather than it being anal or genital. But I somehow feel that another dimension is being missed out here. However, Pinchas Noy's paper, "Development of Musical Ability", has interesting things to say about the auditory-oversensitive child being led to "master" sound by developing musical skills and how this type of person will react to the tone of the voice rather than the content of what is said. That rang true. But I was surprised that he did not mention the child who had experienced words as unreliable sources of truth turning to this pre-verbal art as a reliable substitute language, which is of at least equal importance in motivating a young player. M. McDonald (f.) takes a more positive view of early musical learning via the transitional tune as a creative way for the child to master separation and later to use it as a bridge between the pleasure principle and the reality principle. Somehow, at some childishly innocent level, it had not really filtered through to me that anyone Book reviews


Objective To study the effects of daily mineral intake on bone mineral density(BMD) of old people and the measures to prevent and treat the osteoporosis.Methods The daily nutrition intake and health were investigated in 309 old people aged over 60 years,132 male aged 65 4±4 0years,177 female aged 66 7±5 8years.Results The bone mineral content(BMC) and BMD in female were lower than that in male.The daily intake of calcium,manganese,copper,selenium of health male was higher than that of health female.The daily intake of potassium,calcium,magnesium,zinc,calcium(milk)and selenium of osteoporosis case was lower than that of health people of the same sex.BMD correlation with the daily intake of potassium,calcium,magnesium,iron,manganese,zinc,copper,phospor,selenium,calcium(milk)and ratio of calcium and phosphorus assumed significant positive relation.Conclusion The was definite relation between the daily mineral intake and BMD.The lack of daily intake of potassium,calcium,zinc,tec may lead the lower of the BMD.


Some compounds were examined for potency in depleting mouse heart norepinephrine, which was measured 16 hours (or 1 hour for tyramine) after intraperitoneal drug administration. These compounds, in order of increasing ED50's (dose, in mg/kg, required to half deplete heart norepinephrine) were: reserpine, metaraminol, 6-hydroxydopamine (2,4,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine), guanethidine and tyramine.

After administration of equipotent doses of the compounds, heart norepinephrine returned to normal with widely varying rates. Most rapid repletion occurred after tyramine, followed in order by guanethidine, metaraminol, reserpine and 6-hydroxydopamine.

Tyramine, administered 1 hour previously, blocked the longer-lasting depletion of heart norepinephrine by 6-hydroxydopamine, but not by metaraminol, guanethidine and reserpine. Under similar conditions, guanethidine blocked 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine, but not metaraminol; and metaraminol blocked 6-hydroxydopamine.

A second suboptimal dose of reserpine, guanethidine or metaraminol, administered 1 day after a first dose, produced additional depletion of heart norepinephrine. However, a second dose of 6-hydroxydopamine produced no additional effect unless it was larger than the first dose. Consecutive dosing, at a 1-day interval, with reserpine, guanethidine and 6-hydroxydopamine, in any combination of two in either sequence, produced additive depletion of heart norepinephrine.

The data can be interpreted, within the framework of the two-pool concept of norepinephrine storage, as follows:

1. Reserpine releases norepinephrine by acting upon pool 1; guanethidine, like bretylium, blocks the action of reserpine on this pool, but does not itself release norepinephrine from pool 1.

2. Tyramine, guanethidine and metaraminol, in order of increasing affinity for norepinephrine binding sites, release the amine through pool 2.

3. 6-Hydroxydopamine, although possessing less affinity for binding sites of pool 2 than tyramine, metaraminol and guanethidine, destroys or alters the binding sites in such a way that they must be replaced.


The utility model relates to a diesel fuel emulsifier, which pertains to the technical field of diesel fuel emulsifying equipment. In the emulsifier, an agitator driving motor is mounted at the center of top cover of a reaction vessel, the turbine blades on the agitator extend into the reaction vessel, an electric heater is mounted below the turbine blades, and a diesel fuel inlet, a water inlet, and an additive inlet are arranged on the top cover of the reaction vessel. A static emulsifier is arranged outside of the reaction vessel, the feed end of the static emulsifier is connected to the discharge port on the bottom of a circulating pump and the reaction vessel via a reversing valve, and the other end of the static emulsifier extends through the top cover of the reaction vessel into the reaction vessel. The circulating pump is mounted on a connecting pipe between the reversing valve and the discharge port on the bottom of the reaction vessel. In the emulsifier, the turbine agitator agitates in the reaction vessel, the electric heater heats at a low temperature, and the static emulsifier outside of the reaction vessel carries out emulsification, so that transparent emulsified diesel fuel is produced, which will not laminate or precipitate and has a long shelf life and high combustion efficiency; in addition, the emulsifier can greatly reduce smoke, harmful gases, and nitrides.