Background Phenotypic switching in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is involved in the pathogenesis of aortic dissection (AD). This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms of linc01278 during VSMC phenotypic switching. Methods and Results Twelve samples (6 AD and 6 control) were used for lncRNA, microRNA, and mRNA microarray analysis. We integrated the mRNA microarray data set with GSE52093 to determine the differentially expressed genes. Bioinformatic analysis, including Gene Expression Omnibus 2R, Venn diagram analysis, gene ontology, pathway enrichment, and protein–protein interaction networks were used to identify the target lncRNA, microRNA, and mRNA involved in AD. Subsequently, we validated the bioinformatics data using techniques in molecular biology in human tissues and VSMCs. Linc01278, microRNA‐500b‐5p, and ACTG2 played an important role in the vascular smooth muscle contraction pathway. Linc01278 and ACTG2 were downregulated and miR‐500b‐5p was upregulated in AD tissues. Molecular markers of VSMC phenotypic switching, including SM22α, SMA, calponin, and MYH11, were downregulated in AD tissues. Plasmid‐based overexpression and RNA interference‐mediated downregulation of linc01278 weakened and enhanced VSMC proliferation and phenotypic switching, respectively. Dual‐luciferase reporter assays confirmed that linc01278 regulated miR‐500b‐5p that directly targeted ACTG2 in HEK293T cells. Conclusions These data demonstrate that linc01278 regulates ACTG2 to control the phenotypic switch in VSMCs by sponging miR‐500b‐5p. This linc01278‐miR‐500b‐5p‐ACTG2 axis has a potential role in developing diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for AD.


The authors report a measurement of the diffractive structure function of the antiproton for dijet events produced in association with a leading antiproton in {anti p}p collisions at {radical}(s) = 1800 GeV. Comparing their results with expectations based on parton densities extracted by the H1 Collaboration from diffractive deep inelastic scattering at the DESY ep collider HERA, the authors find a severe breakdown of QCD factorization.


Now six months old, ALSUntangled (1) has 85 followers on twitter, and receives weekly questions about alternative and off-label ALS therapies. Our NING has 40 ALS clinician-scientists from four countries examining these therapies, with 18 active discussions. New discussions underway since our last update (2) include: intravenous glutathione, the Lourdes ALS Miracle, and the Nepsis Institute. Recently, at the request of PALS, one of us travelled to the Hickey Wellness Center (Figure 1). We now present a summary of observations made at this Center.


The shrinkage of concrete that occurs on drying is a complex function of age of concrete, rate of drying, temperature, and composition of concrete. This project investigated the fundamental relationships between microstructure and shrinkage. In order to accomplish this goal a new quantitative image analysis technique was developed to analyze the distribution of strain throughout the microstructure during drying. The technique has been verified at NIST and the results have provided new insights. A major result of this effort has been the redefinition of microstructure of cement paste. Large deformations, both expansive and compressive, occur throughout the microstructure. These large deformations can be best explained by considering the calcium silicate phase to be a colloid. A new model for calcium silicate hydrate was developed.


Acute myocardial infarction is a fatal disease. This study was a research and development, aimed to improve discharge planning and investigate the effects of discharge planning among participation in multidisciplinary team to cost, length of stay, health behavior, and quality of life of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Data were collected between January- August 2012. The sample was 99 acute myocardial patients. The study instruments included questionnaires of health behaviors and quality of life as well as patient satisfaction. Reliability for the survey of each group was 0.763, 0.771 respectively. Data were analyzed applying by t-test. The results revealed that the mean scores of cost, length of stay, health behavior, and quality of life during the in-patient period of the control group and the study group had no different significantly. (p = 0.86, 0.182, 0.514 and 0.395 respectively). But the mean score of health behavior and quality of life during the follow up period of the study group increased significantly compared with the control group. (p = 0.01, 0.01 respectively). Whether future intervention to study other outcome such as satisfaction of multidisciplinary team and patient, rate of readmission in 3 month and 6 month and evaluation of variation of discharge planning warrant further study.


Objective:To improve continuously clinical nursing practice instructing quality through strengthening detail management. Methods:Under the support of clini-cal instructing evaluating system implemented at multiple intervals,multiple channels and multiple levels,some instructing problems were recognized. Directed by the prin-ciple of detail management,instrumental strategies were designed and implemented including strengthening communication on clinical instructing quality management,excavating head nurses' responsibilities on clinical instructing management,encourag-ing applying effective teaching methods,paying more attention on cultivating student's clinical practice capability and training clinical instructors on time management. Results:Relevant problems and total clinical nursing instructing quality got improved. Conclusion:Strengthening detail management is a practical method to improve continuously clinical nursing instructing quality.


Arsenic in drinking water has been recognized as a serious community health problem because of its highly toxic nature and therefore, its removal is considered as one of the most important areas of wastewater treatment. Iron oxide-modified zeolite nanocomposites with two different amounts of iron oxide nanoparticles (3 & 7 wt%) were synthesized, characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and then used in a series of batch adsorption experiments to remove arsenic from aqueous system. The effective parameters on removal of arsenic including adsorbent dose (g/L), arsenic initial concentration (μg/L), contact time (min) and percentage of iron oxide nanoparticles (%), were investigated. Under optimum conditions (percentage of iron oxide nanoparticles 3%, adsorbent dose 0.05 g/L, arsenic initial concentration 400 μg/L and contact time 90 min), the iron oxide-modified zeolite could remove up to 87% of arsenic from contaminated water. The artificial neural network model was also developed from batch experimental data sets which provided reasonable predictive performance (R=0.998) of arsenic adsorption. According to the results, iron oxide-modified zeolite appears to be a promising adsorbent for removing arsenic from water.


The landscape poetry of Zhang Yue through the aesthetic paradigm of "expressing grievances through lyrics of mountain and river scenes", merges the emotional implication of banishment and lyrical stratagems to achieve discourse with peculiar aesthetic force. This both fostered a new growth point and pointed to a loftier direction for the creativity for this genre, with rich legacy to benefit later generations.


1T1R-architecture devices were fabricated by integrating ZrO2 based crossbar structure ReRAM onto a foundry-built MOSFET platform. Multilevel operation was realized by using the current limit of a selected cell transistor in the set process. The current level was determined by the transistor's gate voltage, resulting in the control of electrical resistance of the filamentary conductive paths in the low resistive state.


The main projects implemented by Volunteer tourist center of Moscow are considered. The role of volunteering movement in the formation of the professional competencies of future managers of tourism are de fi ned


A 39-year-old female moyamoya disease patient underwent a salvage direct bypass surgery involving anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery or STA and middle cerebral artery or MCA. This report describes a rare case of moyamoya disease that was revascularized after the previous indirect bypass surgery failed to restore collateral blood flow.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the knowledge of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses about organ donation when the donator presents encephalic death. The study is quantitative, descriptive, comparative and non-experimental. Data were collected in a philanthropic Hospital and in a private Hospital, and analyzed using proportional and absolute frequencies. Sample was composed by 31 ICU nurses, 19 from the philanthropic Hospital, and 12 from the private. The majority of the sample were female (78%) and ranging from 23 to 33 years of age. Half of the nurses in the philanthropic Hospital was specialized, compared to 100% in the private Hospital. Approximately 53% of the nurses had work experience ranging from six to nine years in the philanthropic hospital, and less than one year in the private hospital. Most of the nurses mentioned knowing the criteria to consider an encephalic death but rarely notifying the death, lacking knowledge on the related legislation and even on the necessary procedures to notify the National Transplantation System about a potential donator. When asked about the Donation Protocol of their Hospital, they were not able to inform the content. Results showed that the nurses in those ICUs were not adequately prepared for procedures related to encephalic death and maintenance of a potential donator. The study emphasizes the importance of preparing health staff to adequately proceed concerning organ donation when a patient presents encephalic death.


Fiddler crabs undergo a variety of physiological color changes in their natural habitat (Crane, 1944). These alterations in shade and hue are produced by the concentration and dispersion of pigments within a well developed system of chro matophores. Although several aspects of color change in fiddler crabs have been examined in detail, few experimental studies have dealt with its biological sig nificance. In only one species, Uca pugilator (Bosc), has there been a systematic investigation of the chromatophoric responses to light intensity, shade of back ground, and temperature with a discussion of their possible functional roles (Brown and Sandeen, 1948). In view of the extensive adaptive radiation and the diversity of coloration within the genus (Crane, 1941), it is of interest to learn to what extent the findings with Uca pugilator niay apply to other species. In this paper some chroniatophoric responses to light and temperature are described in two tropical species from Costa Rica, Uca galapagensis herradurensis (Bott) and Uca .@acae (Crane), aiid a temperate species, Uca pugnax (Smith). The results are then compared with the earlier findings on Uca pugilator.


Gestures are the simplest way of conveying a message, rather simpler than verbal means. It is the most primitive way of conversation. Gestures can also be the easiest and intuitive way of communicating with a computer, they can be used to communicate or convey information to computers, robots, smart appliances and many other pieces of machinery. It can eliminate the use of mouse and keyboard to some extent. The gestures cited are basically the variable positions as well as orientations of the hand. They can be detected by a simple webcam attached to the computer. The image is first changed into its corresponding RGB values and then to HSV values for better handling and feature recognition. The hand is segregated from the background using feature extraction. Then the values are matched in proximity of the coded values. Then the region of interest is calculated using the concept of convexity and background subtraction. The convex defect helps to define the contour efficiently. This method is invariant for different positions or direction of the gesture. It is able to detect the number of fingers individually and efficiently


The electromechanical stability of a Mooney – Rivlin-type dielectric elastomer undergoing large deformation with nonlinear permittivity is investigated. The stability is analyzed by applying a new kind of free energy model, which couples Ogden elastic strain energy and electric field energy density with nonlinear permittivity. Then, nominal electric field and nominal electric displacement of the dielectric elastomer are introduced. Based on this, the electromechanical stability of the Mooney – Rivlintype dielectric elastomer is analyzed by simplifying the Ogden elastic strain energy. The critical breakdown electric fields under the conditions of two stretching ratios and various material constant ratios k (n = km ,w herem and n are material constants in the Ogden model, determined experimentally) are also obtained. According to the simulation results, for a larger dimensionless constant k of the dielectric material, the critical nominal electric field is higher, the corresponding dielectric elastomer or structure is more stable and the electromechanical stability of the dielectric elastomer is proved to be markedly enhanced by a pre-stretching process. These results agree well with experimental data and can be used as guidance in the design and fabrication of dielectric elastomer actuators. c � 2010 Society of Chemical Industry


Esthetic properties of metal-ceramic and all-porcelain crowns to a great extent depend on the knowledge and correct esthetic principles of a clinician. The main problem is how to achieve a natural tooth color. In this article, the concept of Vitapan 3D-Master shade guide is presented. Color distribution and principles of a shade guide are considering all three parameters of color perception: lightness, level and color saturation (chroma). In order to obtain optimal esthetic values in metal-ceramic and all-porcelain crowns, a clinician must continuously improve his knowledge of natural and artificial dentitions. In addition, one must achieve good collaboration with the dental laboratory.


We investigate the evolution of low-mass metal-free Population III stars. Emphasis is laid upon the question of internal and external sources for CNO elements, which—if present in sufficient amounts in the hydrogen-burning regions—lead to a strong modification of the stars' evolutionary behavior. For the production of carbon due to nuclear processes inside the stars, we use an extended nuclear network, demonstrating that hot p-p chains do not suffice to produce enough carbon or are less effective than the 3α process. As an external source of CNO elements we test the efficiency of pollution by a nearby massive star combined with particle diffusion. For all cases investigated, the additional metals fail to reach nuclear-burning regions before deep convection on the red giant branch obliterates the previous evolution. The surface abundance history of the polluted Population III stars is presented. The possibilities to discriminate between a Population II and a polluted Population III field star are also discussed.


Combining scanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we demonstrate how to tune the doping of epitaxial graphene from p to n by exploiting the structural changes that occur spontaneously on the Ge surface upon thermal annealing. Furthermore, using first-principle calculations, we build a model that successfully reproduces the experimental observations. Since the ability to modify graphene electronic properties is of fundamental importance when it comes to applications, our results provide an important contribution toward the integration of graphene with conventional semiconductors.


This paper describes SCSolver, a geometric constraint solver based on adaptive sampling of an underlying constraint space. The solver is demonstrated on the computation of the offset to a surface as well as the computation of the bisector between two surfaces. The adaptive constraint sampling generates a solution manifold through a generalized dual-contouring approach appropriate for higher-dimensional problems. Experimental results show that the SCSolver approach can compute solutions for complex input geometry at interactive rates for each example application.


This work was supported by the Energy Efficiency & Resources Core Technology Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea (No.20122010200060).


Many believe that the ability to laugh at oneself is beneficial at work with many consultants often prescribing its use. However, limited scholarly research exists to support these prescriptions. This paper examines the use of self-deprecating humour and its effect on persistence at a work task. Findings from an experimental study (N=124) show that laughing at oneself can be used to increase persistence at a work task. In addition, findings also show that individual differences in humor style influence the relationship between self-deprecating humor and persistence. Individuals low in self-defeating humor style showed a significant increase in persistence while those high in self-defeating humor style did not show any significant increase in persistence after laughing at themselves. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


In this paper, we present a novel microsystem for investigating mechanisms of plant-root growth. To measure a generative force by plant-root growth efficiently, we developed a silicon-based microchannel integrated with MEMS force sensors. We have also developed a protocol for sowing a plant seed onto the micro device and experimentally confirmed that plant-roots can grow through the microchannel filled with agarose-gel medium. By using the microsystems, we successfully estimated the generative force by plant-root growth.


SIR, Three anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents (infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept) have demonstrated impressive efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They have been remarkably safe in the clinical trials reported to date [1]. The occurrence of serious infection, some fatal, during anti-TNF therapy in three UK centres led Moots et al. [2] to advocate greater caution in the use of these agents. Others have also recently emphasized the risk of serious bacterial infection associated with anti-TNF therapy [3, 4]. As of August 2002, 574 deaths have occurred in 554 372 patient-yr of exposure to infliximab (communication from Schering-Plough). Adalimumab was licensed by the USA Food and Drug Administration in December 2002 and has been available in Ireland from the company on a named patient basis since January 2003. No deaths related to its use have been reported in the literature up to September 2003. However, three deaths possibly related to adalimumab occurred during clinical trials (communication from Abbott UK). Fifty-three patients have been treated with anti-TNF agents in the Department of Rheumatology, JCMH (50 infliximab, four etanercept and four adalimumab) giving an approximate total of 83 patient-yr of exposure. In this group, there have been four deaths (three on infliximab and one on adalimumab). This high number of deaths is significantly at variance from the reported experience. Two deaths (one infliximab, one adalimumab) appear to be directly related to anti-TNF treatment. The other deaths (mesenteric haemorrhage in a patient taking anticoagulants and a myocardial infarction in a patient with cardiovascular risk factors) were not attributable to infliximab. A further patient recovered from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which developed within 4 weeks of commencing infliximab treatment [5]. Perhaps the most striking case was that of a 70-yr-old man who was admitted in January 2003 with a 4-month history of severe seropositive RA refractory to treatment with oral and parenteral methotrexate. He had hypertension and a partial gastrectomy in 1983 for gastric cancer. There were no symptoms referable to cardiopulmonary disease. Chest radiography was normal and Mantoux testing (10 tuberculin units) was negative at 72 h. He received one intramuscular injection of 120mg of methylprednisolone and was commenced on 40mg of adalimumab subcutaneously fortnightly, 10mg of methotrexate weekly and was continued on 7.5mg of prednisolone daily. He noticed a prompt and marked clinical improvement, associated with an improvement in laboratory inflammatory indices. The patient presented to the accident and emergency department 5 weeks later, 1 week after his third dose of adalimumab, having woken that morning feeling dyspnoeic, weak and unwell. He had a 2-day history of cough. On arrival he was cyanosed, tachypnoeic, hypotensive and in uncontrolled atrial fibrillation. He was severely hypoxic and acidotic. Chest radiography revealed bilateral lung consolidation. Shortly after arrival he suffered a respiratory arrest. Despite aggressive management he died later that day. Post-mortem examination showed fulminant pneumonia with candidal colonies evident on histological examination of affected lung parenchyma. This case is the first report in the literature of a fatality associated with adalimumab. He had a fulminant pneumonia probably secondary to candidiasis, an unusual infection in patients in the community but which is well-recognized in immunosuppressed patients. It has also been reported to occur in patients treated with infliximab and etanercept (34 and 23 cases respectively [6]). There are no previous reports of systemic candidal infections in patients treated with adalimumab, although other infections, including fungal infections such as histoplasmosis and aspergillosis, have occurred (communication fromAbbott UK). A dramatic feature of this case was the rapidity with which his condition deteriorated. This would have made his death difficult to predict or prevent. Reluctance on his part to seek medical attention for the initial infective symptoms, despite being counselled in this regard, may have contributed to the final outcome. The second death felt to be related to anti-TNF therapy was that of a 68-yr-old woman. She died 4 weeks after her third dose of infliximab from pulmonary infection on a background of pulmonary fibrosis. However, despite extensive investigation, an infective organism was not identified. Both these patients had a prompt and dramatic therapeutic response to anti-TNF agents as regards rheumatoid disease activity. It is tempting to postulate that this may perhaps indicate patients at increased risk of infectious complications as a consequence of more profound abrogation of the effects of TNF. It is difficult to identify a common thread linking these cases that might explain why there were four deaths and one Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in our small patient cohort receiving anti-TNF therapy. One possibility is that the administration of intramuscular methylprednisolone in close temporal proximity to the initiation of anti-TNF therapy results in potentially excessive levels of immunosuppression in susceptible patients. Age may also be a factor as all the patients who died were over 60. Although this excess of adverse events in patients receiving anti-TNF therapymay be a coincidental cluster, their occurrence has led to a re-evaluation of our practice. New departmental protocols for screening and treatment of patients with anti-TNF agents, which err on the side of caution, have been developed. These include a general screening protocol, a specific tuberculosis screening protocol and protocols for dealing with infections and comorbidities arising during treatment. Key points include: (1) the exclusion of patients with significant compromise of any organ, and the cessation of treatment in any patient who develops such compromise during treatment; (2) caution in those over the age of 60 yr; (3) delaying treatment for at least 1 month after parenteral corticosteroid treatment or in patients receiving oral prednisolone in doses in excess of 10mg daily (or equivalent); (4) not commencing treatment with an anti-TNF agent until the patient has failed treatment with at least two disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; (5) close scrutiny of patients for evidence of infection, especially those who have a prompt and significant response to therapy; and (6) a 'biologic clinic' has been established to facilitate close monitoring of the response to treatment and development of side-effects.


In this paper, a graded refractive index (GRIN) dielectric lens antenna is proposed. It is divided into different regions, and the structural parameters of different regions are searched intelligently by genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, the final lens antenna is obtained through the continuous selection of GA. The lenticular antenna operates in the X-band (8-12GHz), while a peak gain of 21.1dBi is obtained at 11GHz. The narrowest 3dB beamwidth is $\mathbf{10.5_{,}^{\mathrm{o}}}$ and the lens increases the gain of the source by 7.2dB.


panese colleagues. Recently flat polyps have also been recognized in the West and have been noticed to have a higher incidence of significant neoplastic histology [1]. We describe two cases of a flat polyp missed or almost missed at colonoscopy, perhaps due to the effects of full insufflation. A 53-year-old healthy woman participated in a PillCam Colon 2 study in which PillCam Colon 2 capsule endoscopy (PillCam Colon 2; Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israel) was compared with optical colonoscopy [2]. The indication for colonoscopy was painless rectal bleeding. The PillCam Colon 2 capsule study was performed in the morning, and after the capsule was passed in the afternoon a colonoscopy was performed. The patient received 2.5mg midazolam and 50mg pethidine intravenously. A Fujinon 250W colonoscope (Fujinon Corp., Saitama, Japan) was advanced to the ileum. The distal ileum and cecumwere carefully examined, and the appendiceal orifice and ileocecal valve were identified. Withdrawal time was 25 minutes. Internal hemorrhoids were present. No lesions were noticed in the cecum. When the PillCam Colon 2 study was reviewed we were notified that a 15-mm sessile polyp was seen in the cecum (●" Fig. 1). The patient was invited to a repeat colonoscopy for verification of this finding and removal of the polyp. The second colonoscopy confirmed the presence of a completely flat lesion 2 cm in size (●" Fig. 2). The histology examination identified a tubulovillous adenoma. In the second case, a 69-year-old woman underwent colonoscopy with an Olympus narrow-band imaging colonoscope (PCF180; Olympus Optical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) for surveillance after colonoscopic polypectomy, and a flat lesion was found in the ascending colon (●" Fig. 3) which was not removed during this colonoscopy because the colon was full of residual stool which could not be washed and sucked out. The patient was invited for repeat colonoscopy which, on full insufflation, could not at first detect the polyp (●" Fig. 4). Since the location of the polyp in relation to the ileocecal valve was well known from previous colonoscopy images, the search was continued for several minutes and acetic acid used, which finally revealed a rather large area of flat polyp, about 3 cm in size (●" Fig. 5). The lesion was finally removed piecemeal (●" Fig. 6) and proved on histology to be a sessile serrated adenoma. These cases show that when the colon is fully distended, flat lesions may be overlooked. The polyp in the first case, located in the nondistended cecum, was readily recognized at PillCam Colon 2 colonoscopy as a 1.5-cm sessile protruding finding. Yet this same polyp at colonoscopy in a distended cecum appeared as a completely flat lesion. The discrepancy was even more pronounced in the second case. It appears that insufflation of the colon at The flat polyp: does too much flattening occur with full air insufflation on colonoscopy?


Objective To study health status and gene carrying rate of thalassemia in Li Nationality of Hainan Prorince. Method Sampling survey was made for detection of thalassemia patients of Li Nationality in Baoting, Lingshui, Chuangjiang and Baishai County of Haman. Hydroferricyanate colorimetry, plasma emission spectrometric method and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were used for determination of hemoglobin, zinc, iron, manganese, calcium, copper in serum and incidence of thalassemia in 592 Li Nationalities of Hainan Prorince. Results The content of hemoglobin was lower than that of normal value. The incidence rate of anemia in female Li National was 57% and 56% in males. The levels of zinc were significantly lower in Li Nationality than that of Han Nationality, and the levels of calcium were significantly higher in Li Nationality than that of Han Nationality. The levels of iron, manganese and copper in serum were normal. The incidence rate of gene mutation thalassemia of Li Nationality was 64.8%, in which 47.6% of α-thalassemia and 6.4% of Hb H disease.The carrying rate of β 41/42 gene mutation was 10.8%. The incidence rate of gene mution in thalassemia of Han Nitionality was 10.4%, in which 3.6 % of α-thalassemia heterozygous and 0.76% of Hb-H disease. The carrying rate of β 41/42 gene mutation was 6.1% in Han natinality. Conclusion There was a high anemia rate and incidence of thalassemia in Li nationality than that of Han nationality. The one cause of anemia in Li nationality may be due to deficiency of zinc mutation thalassemia. The incidence rate of gene mutation in thalassemia of LiNationality was higher than that of Han Nationality. All gene mutation of Li nationality was CD41-42 (-CTTT) mutation and it was the main type mutation in Hainan peoples.


The invention provides a wet-type multi-disc clutch. The surface of the annular piston thereof facing a driving disc is an arc face with the middle part protruding toward the driving disc, the right end face of the annular piston is matched with the left end face of the driving disc, which is arranged at the left end of the cavity of the outer hub, a plurality of bearings for installing a support seat comprise a left end face bearing, a left antifriction bearing and a right antifriction bearing or a left sliding bearing and a right sliding bearing, and a right end face bearing, the left end face bearing is sheathed at the left end of the support seat, the left end face of the left end face bearing is attached to the right end of a connection disc on the support seat, right end face of the left end face bearing is attached to the outer hub seat and the left end of the outer hub, two ends of the of the outer hub seat are sheathed the outer cylindrical surface of the support seat respectively by the left antifriction bearing and the right antifriction bearing or the left sliding bearing and the right sliding bearing. The invention aims to provide wet-type multi-disc clutch having even pressure distribution, small and even abrasion, small axial dimension, long service life, high transmission and installation preciseness, and low production cost.


The invention discloses a method for data mapping. The method comprises the following steps: network side equipment determines a first time-frequency resource collection which is used to transmit the downlink data of a first receiving node, and determines a second time-frequency resource collection which is used to transmit the downlink control information (DCI) of a second receiving node, wherein the first time-frequency resource collection at least comprises part time-frequency resource of the second time-frequency resource collection; the network side equipment respectively maps the downlink data and the DCI to the corresponding time-frequency resource. In the invention, the downlink control information can be mapped in resource reservation or punching mode, thus avoiding a definition for a new resource unit and reducing the standardized work.


The article reveals the problem of increasing the efficiency of teaching foreign languages to students of non-linguistic specialties by means of introducing a system of pedagogical teaching technologies into the educational process. It has been determined that pedagogical technologies of teaching are such pedagogical technologies, which are based on modern positions of professional development of a person and aimed at achieving educational goals. In the process of learning foreign languages, they are a way of a phased system of organization of the communicative interaction between a teacher and a student in the conditions of operative feedback between them through the use of specific methods, forms and means of learning. It has been found that the leading class of pedagogical technologies for teaching foreign languages is a communicatively oriented technique – a project technique and an appropriate system of its successive and phased implementation, in which learning emerges as a model of real-world foreign communication. The article provides a classification of pedagogical techniques for teaching foreign languages to students of the economic area of expertise, which can contribute to their more systematic use to improve the efficiency of the educational process in higher education institutions. Among the subspecies of communicative oriented techniques of teaching foreign languages to students of economic specialties the following subcategories have been identified: subjects of educational process management – techniques of teaching, learning, partnership interaction and instrumental techniques; the place in the organization of the educational process – the technique of in-class, out-of-class and independent activities; according to the methodological approach – technique-modernization and technique-transformation and in the terms of implementation – meta-techniques, branch macro techniques, modular-local and micro techniques. The author sees the directions for further research in the development of tools for the implementation of the above techniques in accordance with the characteristics of the professional training of students of economic area of expertise.


We present contour-mode AlN resonator structure and fabrication process for high quality factor (Q-factor). The vibrational energy should be confined to the resonant part of the radial extensional (RE) resonator in order to obtain a high Q-factor and high coupling factor (k2) from devices made using micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. In this paper, we discuss how to form a support for the resonant part in a high-precision process. We fabricated simple RE resonators and clarified through experimentation that it is difficult to avoid deterioration of the Q-factor because the RE vibration energy leaks from the resonant part into the silicon substrate through the supporting points. Next, we fabricated tuning-fork RE resonators by using the three-etching-process method and clarified through experimentation that this method is useful for forming the resonant part into the correct circular shape and avoiding energy leakage.


Climate change enforces the integration of distributed renewable energy sources and development of carbon price scheme. Whilst the energy is traded among distributed prosumers, the carbon responsibilities and corresponding allowances trading need to be transferred from large-scale energy suppliers to prosumers. During this transformation, the issues of energy imbalance, carbon reduction imbalance, and residential privacy leakage in centralised trading market present serious challenges. In this paper, we propose a fully decentralised blockchain-based peer-to-peer trading scheme coupling energy and carbon markets. We implement pay-to-public-key-hash with multiple signatures as a transaction standard to realise a more secure transaction and reduced storage burden of senders. A script is hashed during the wallet address generation for each new transaction to protect residential privacy. A novel carbon accounting method and corresponding incentive mechanism for carbon reduction are designed to evaluate emission behaviours of distributed prosumers. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed scheme leads a reduced costs and carbon emissions compared to centralised trading systems and existing blockchain-based trading schemes.


This paper introduces a novel approach to fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of building control strategies for air-handling systems using a mathematical model that links linear algebra analysis and psychrometric analysis. The analysis of the psychrometric processes associated with each HVAC system component, which are obtainable from simulation using the program TRNSYS, leads to an assessment of the thermodynamic efficiency of the airhandling unit process governed by the control sequence under investigation. The proposed method allows for the elimination of potential faults of the control strategies in the design phase as well as for the evaluation of control strategies in existing buildings in order to make system operation more energy efficient, more economical, and more reliable.


Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powders (50 – 100 μm in diameter) have been used to prepare plasma-sprayed thin ceramic films on the stainless steel and nickel sheets employing non-equilibrium plasma spray technology at atmospheric pressure. The dependency of microstructure of coatings on initial powder characteristics was investigated. Furthermore, effects of various plasma spray conditions on microstructure, crystallite size, phase content of the coatings have been evaluated. Plasma spray zirconium oxide coatings deposited onto different substrates have been characterized using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) for study of microstructure and phase analysis as a part of a process optimisation study. The deposits characteristics were compared with the processing parameters and revealed that the deposit characteristics strongly depended on the in-flight particle parameters. The coating sprayed using finer powder displays better structural characteristics than the counterpart sprayed using coarse-grained powder feed. The density of the film increases with the spray temperature. The crystallite size of the film also exhibits a strong dependency on the spray conditions. It was demonstrated how the spray regime affects the thickness, density and porosity of the obtained films.


Urban garbage collection in three steps and environmental monitoring have become an indispensable link in the green recycling economy of the country. In the process of explosive growth of cities and towns in China, the amount of waste is also expanded in the exponent growth, causing huge environmental and social problems. The current urban area commonly applies the strategy of "mixed collection, centralized transportation, centralized processing", commonly known as the three segment management to recycle and dispose of refuse, which can not effectively solve massive waste issues. This paper is based on the intelligent environmental protection and garbage classification technology to solve the inevitable problems of "sanitation digital management", "solid waste classification & recycling station real-time feedback", and "surrounding environment monitoring", so as to recycle of garbage efficiently and harmlessly. Our initial research results have been applied in the environmental protection projects in many demonstration cities and beautiful villages throughout the country, and good results have been achieved. Based on the research and rich engineering experience, we have proposed and optimized digital dynamic sanitation management, grid large-scale real-time monitoring of solid waste recycling stations feedback, the surrounding water and air quality on-line monitoring subsystems. To overcome difficulties and provide theoretical basis or technical methods, it will strongly support the extensive deployment of garbage recycling in China, and greatly improve the recycling rate of urban and rural waste.


Repellent activity of Thai essential oils derived from ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) and citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) were evaluated against female Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and compared a commercially available repellents (IR3535, ethyl butylacetylamino propionate 12.5% w/w; Johnson's Baby Clear Lotion Anti-Mosquito®). Each test repellent was applied at 0.17 and 0.33 µl/cm2 on the forearm of volunteers. All essential oils at 0.17 µl/cm2 showed lower protection time and percentage of protection against two mosquito species than at 0.33 µl/cm2. All essential oils exhibited higher repellent activity than chemical repellent. The essential oil of C. citratus at 0.33µl/cm2 exhibited excellent repellent activity with 98.67% protection from bites of A. aegypti for 116.67±55.75 min and 99.75% protection from bites of C. quinquefasciatus for 128.33±12.89 min. However, repellent activity in order of protection time and percentage of protection against two mosquito species in three essential oils was C. citratus oil >C. odorata oil >C. nardus oil. Our data showed that C. citratus oil is an effected green repellent for mosquitoes that is safe for humans and environmentally friendly.

 Key words: Repellent, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Thai essential oil.


We are delighted to introduce BMJ Open Ophthalmology , a new open access journal published by BMJ.

The journal will publish a broad range of articles of particular clinical, scientific, educational or surgical value. Many of the current ophthalmology journals, particularly traditional journals in the field, are limited by being predominantly either clinical or basic science, with less translational and vision science. We envisage diverse content reflecting current and innovative research linked within an online digital interactive framework that is freely available, unrestricted and immediately accessible.

By encouraging clinical and basic science articles from all aspects of ophthalmology and vision science, the needs of clinicians and the applications of the work of scientists will be met and integrated, fostering a close interaction between basic, translational and clinical sciences. In an era …


Abstract : The author investigated the spectral distribution of xenon, argon, nitrogen, and helium filled quartz lamps with discharges of 5-20 Joules. The tests were made by taking oscillograms of photocurrents and using a recording pulse photometer; the spectrum range covered was 230 to 560 nm. The instantaneous and maximum brightnesses and the spectral distribution of the various lamps are compared with other published data. (Author)


A triaxial projected shell model including configurations with more than four quasiparticles in the configuration space is developed, and applied to investigate the recently reported five chiral doublets candidates in a single even-even nucleus $^{136}$Nd. The energy spectra and transition probability ratios $B(M1)/B(E2)$ are reproduced satisfactorily. The configuration mixing along the rotational bands is studied by analyzing the intrinsic composition of the eigenfunctions. The chiral geometry of these nearly degenerate bands is examined by the \textit{K plot} and the \textit{azimuthal plot}, and the evolution from the chiral vibration to the static chirality with spin is clearly demonstrated for four pairs of partner bands. From the features in the \textit{azimuthal plot}, it is difficult to interpret the other candidate as chiral partners.


This chapter examines the role sound plays in the construction and maintenance of sectarian cultures in Northern Ireland. The specific case of Northern Ireland is then set in a wider context of soundscape study advancing the argument that the sonic space has been overlooked in traditional conflict studies despite the key role it plays in society in general, but in particular in a society like Northern Ireland with a rich aural tradition.


: Isobaric vapor − liquid equilibria of the binary mixtures toluene + styrene at 30 and 40 kPa and styrene + α -methylstyrene at 20 and 25 kPa were measured applying a recirculation still. The measured vapor − liquid equilibrium data were modeled adopting the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) excess Gibbs energy model with the RK (Redlich − Kwong) equation of state. The NRTL binary interaction parameter optimization was carried out employing own measured data and literature data for the toluene + styrene system. The applied model correlates well with the experimental data at the pressure range of 101 − 30 kPa. Moreover, the NRTL binary parameter regression was performed applying own measured data and literature data separately for the styrene + α -methylstyrene system. The model fitted with the parameters obtained from own measured data described the multiphase behavior of the system better than the parameters obtained from literature data. Additionally, the binary systems showed ideal behavior over the whole range of investigation as the calculated activity coefficients approached unity and no azeotropes were observed.


The Digital Silk Road involves China in the construction of digital information and communications technology infrastructure to meet the development needs of developing countries while helping leading Chinese technology companies to become global champions. However, it has also caused China to become entangled in issues of individual privacy, national security and political values with Western countries.


This paper considers contests in which the efforts of the players determine the value of the prize. Players may have different valuations of the prize and different abilities to convert expenditures to productive efforts. In addition, players may face different financial constraints. This paper presents a proof for the existence and uniqueness of a pure Nash equilibrium in asymmetric contests with endogenous prizes.


Personal hygiene is one of health problems that suffered by children. Lack care of personal hygiene can cause some health problems such as skin and digestive tract disease such as  diarrhea, worms, scabies, and others. Parenting has big contribution on the personal hygiene behaviour. This research is descriptive research with quantitave and qualitative approach. Based on the time it is the cross sectional reasearch. The sample was 30 respondent for questionnaires and 7 informant for indepth interview, with determining the sample with purposing sampling. Data was taking with questionnaires and indepth interview. Intrument that used in this research was questionnaires and indepth interview guidance. Data analysis was conducted with cross tabulation analysis. The results is most of the respondents were 12-16 years old. Most of the respondent were in the road more than 7 months. The majority of respondent were schoolless. Most of the respondents enter the UPTD because singing in the road. Most of the respondents have a good personal hygiene. Most of the respondent have democratic perception on parenting. The conclusion of this research is respondents that have otoriter, democratic, as well as permissive perception on parenting have good perception on personal hygiene.


Roughly a year after receiving a $150,000 Phase 1 award, a firm may apply for a $1 million Phase 2 grant. Successful applicants typically receive their Phase 2 money nearly two years after the Phase 1 award. Figure 1 shows all applicants by office and award status for Phase 2, which is much less competitive. Approximately 45% of applicants receive funding. The short term nature of the Phase 1 effect on VC-recall that well over half the long term effect occurs within two years-suggests that Phase 2 does not cause the Phase 1 effect. In fact, I find that the Phase 2 grant has no consistently positive effect on subsequent VC. The first column of Table 1 uses the same specification as in the Phase 1 analysis, but estimates the Phase 2 treatment effect. Columns II and III use topic and year instead of competition fixed effects. The coefficients are small and positive, but imprecise. For example, the 95% confidence interval from the column III the coefficient of 4.4 pp ranges from-3 pp to 12 pp. I find smaller coefficients when the dependent variable is all private finance (Table 2). I also estimate the effects of Phase 1 and 2 together by including an indicator for whether a firm won a Phase 2 award in my primary Phase 1 specification (Table 3). Across bandwidths and fixed effects, I find the same robust Phase 1 effects. Coefficients on Phase 2 range from-3.2 pp to-.1 pp, but have only slightly smaller standard errors than when I estimate Phase 2 alone. The narrowest 95% confidence interval ranges from-7.8 pp to 5.6 pp. I conclude that in contrast to Phase 1, any effect of Phase 2 is not consistently positive. That is, it may be useful for some firms, but is not for others. As with financing, I find no impact of the Phase 2 grant on revenue, survival, or exit, shown in Tables 4-6. The coefficients are small, often negative, and insignificant. One reason for the absence of a strong measurable Phase 2 effect is adverse selection among Phase 1 winners in the decision to apply to Phase 2. Among Phase 1 winners, 37% did not apply for Phase 2. While 19% of the non-applyers received VC investment within two years of their initial award (column I), only 9%(8%) of firms who applied and lost(won) Phase 2 did (see Table 7). A t-test …


Single crystals of the phosphides Ln5Ir19P12 (Ln: Sc, Y, La—Nd, Sm—Lu) are prepared by reaction of the elements in a Bi flux (Ta crucible, 1320 K, 100 h).


In view of some legal issues relating to charter party arbitration clause incorporated in a bill of lading in maritime judicial practice of China such as whether the charter party has been incorporated into a bill of lading or not, whether the transferee of bill of lading is a party to the incorporation clause, law applicable in determining the validity of arbitration clause, etc, this article puts forward some constructive advice through analyzing different views in accordance with the basic principles of evidence law, maritime law, civil law and international private law.


We processed a eight-year time series (2001-2008) of zenith wet delay and associated precipitable water (PW) contents from the permanent GPS station THTI (OGT) and a corresponding precipitation time series from the pluviometer of the Matatia valley (7 km South East from the GPS receiver). Daily GPS data were obtained (including zenith total delay and North and East gradients) by applying the PPP strategy of the GIPSY-OASIS II package w.r.t. IGS final products. We used the Saastamoinen model to extract the hydrostatic part of the delay. Taking into account surface meteorological measurements, we transformed the resulting wet delay into an estimate of PW above the receiver. The precipitation dataset consisted of rainfall gauge measurements spanning the same period provided by the "Direction de l'Equipement" (GEGDP). This work poses a preliminary diagnostic on the evolution of PW and precipitations over French Polynesia with emphasis on a broad range of timescales, from seasonal to diurnal components. Before this study, no monitoring system had provided accurate and quasi continuous measures of PW in French Polynesia.


JST announces the successful development of a high-quality bulk GaN growth device based on the THVPE method, a development topic of the Newly extended Technology transfer Program (NexTEP). Development towards commercial applicability was carried out by the Innovation and R&D Division of Taiyo Nippon Sanso from August 2013 to March 2019, based on the research of Professor Akinori Koukitsu of the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. The research team has developed a GaN crystal manufacturing device that achieves high speed, high quality, and continuous growth.


The head of the u.n. Office for Disarmament affairs pinpoints past arms control efforts that could inspire agreement between nuclear haves and have-nots.


Mobile ad hoc networks are vulnerable to malicious attacks and failures due to their unique features, such as node mobility and dynamic network topology. The design and evaluation of routing protocols and topology control require sound analysis on network connectivity and node behaviors. However, little work has been done on how node misbehaviors affect network connectivity. Modeling and analysis of node misbehavior involves many challenges such as multiple failures caused by selfishness, mobility, and potential Denial of Service attacks. Thus, we propose a novel model to characterize node misbehaviors based on a semi-Markov process. In particular, we analyze the impact of node misbehavior on network connectivity in a mobile ad hoc network stochastically. Numerical results based on analysis and simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and results.


Objective: To evaluate clinical effects of short segment fixation and single lumbar fusion cage in treatment of 65 cases with lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods: For the 65 cases with lumbar spinal stenosis,the X- ray measurement and Fischgrund standard were used to evaluate the effects before and after the operation. Results: All the 65 cases were followed- up for 6- 29 months with an average of 11. 3 months. The symptoms of the patients were improved in different degrees; according to the Fischgrund standard to judge the curative effect,49 cases were excellent,10 cases were good,6 case were passable,and the excellent and good rate was90. 8%. The internal fixation material did not show any loosening and fractures,and X- ray showed the fusion cage 3- 10 months after the implantation achieved bony fusion criterion. There were no significant statistical differences in the angle of segmental lumbar lordosis,the angle of full lumbar lordosis,index of lumbar spinal curvature before and after the operation as well as follow- up. The differences of the relative height of vertebral space before and after the operation,and before the operation and follow- up were significant,but insignificant after the operation and follow- up. Conclusions: The application of segment internal fixation with single fusion cage in the treatment of lumbar spinal canal stenosis is an effective operation mode.


The first compound Pb4VBO8 in the PbO-V2O5-B2O3 ternary system has been synthesized. Its structure was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c (No. 14) with a = 10.4047(5) angstrom, b = 7.0906(4) angstrom, c = 12.8968(7) angstrom, beta = 113.128(3)degrees, Z = 4, R-1 = 0.0261, and wR(2) = 0.0628. The new structure contains an infinite three-dimensional matrix that is built from BO3, VO4, and PbOn (n = 4 and 5) polyhedra.


Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common cause of urine leakage, accounting for roughly half of incontinence in women. Because the prevalence of SUI is greatest among the elderly, it is important for elderly patients to manage therapeutic risks. Even though minimally-invasive surgical techniques and devices have been recently been developed, surgical intervention is not without risks. It is true that SUI is not a life threatening condition, but the fear of urine leakage can cause a decline in quality of life. Non-invasive SUI treatments are much-anticipated therapy in a super-graying society. However, SUI cannot be easily treated with pharmacotherapy, as it is essentially an age-related anatomical change. The present article describes a study evaluating the effect of propiverine hydrochloride for patients with SUI. Propiverine hydrochloride was developed in Germany in 1985, and has been characterized as an antimuscarinic agent that also has a calcium antagonistic action. Some clinical studies suggest that propiverine hydrochloride might improve overactive as well as mixed urinary incontinence and SUI symptoms, although they did not specifically examine the effect of propiverine hydrochloride on SUI. As mentioned by Sugaya et al., many urologists might not believe in the effect of propiverine hydrochloride on SUI. The cause of this might be the precise mechanism possibly involved in this pharmacological action remains largely unknown. What is the mechanism of action of propiverine hydrochloride? This is one of the most essential points of the present study. Recently, another group showed the increase of urethral base pressure as well as leak point pressure during passive intravesical pressure elevation using another SUI rat model. Plasma catecholamine levels in the propiverine hydrochloridetreated group were significantly higher than those in the vehicle group. Furthermore, other anticholinergic drugs have not been reported to have such effects. Sugaya et al. speculated that the anti-SUI effects were as a result of the inhibition of noradrenaline reuptake, which increased urethral smooth muscle contraction and also increased activation of the pudendal nerve controlling the external urethral sphincter from the spinal cord. These mechanisms were similar to the effect of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of SUI. Neither the effects on the spinal cord nor on the supraspinal site are fully understood. Further studies are required to clarify the action on the central nervous system of this unique anticholinergic drug. In real life, SUI patients might be checked by a general practitioner. In some patients were not classified as SUI but classified as urge urinary incontinence, and "unfortunately" prescribed anticholinergic drugs as urge urinary incontinence. Propiverine hydrochloride could be beneficial for patients with pure SUI. The number of patients in the present study was small. Randomized controlled trials of the efficacy and safety of propiverine hydrochloride for SUI patients are required in the future. I hope that the current study might bring a new therapeutic option to patients with SUI.


An alley way advanced support end bracket for low coal seam opposite drawing working surface has safe use. The end bracket includes two groups of fixing brackets, middle brackets and end brackets in juxtaposition, wherein the fixing bracket and the middle bracket are both inverted four connecting rod support type structure, the bracket also includes a bracket base and a base top beam, a jack is connected between the middle bracket and the end bracket; a slide toning jack is connected on the bracket base, the slide toning jack is in bidirectional mounting mode, an aligning ram is connected on the base top beam, top beam coal proof plates are connected on the right and left lateral surfaces of the base top beam; the end bracket includes a left frame and a right frame, the left frame and the right frame are antisymmetric structures, and their support form are support cover type, either of the left frame and the right frame includes an end bracket top beam, an end bracket base and a cover beam, the end bracket top beam and the end bracket base are both in sectional hinge structure, cover beam coal proof plates are connected on both sides of the cover beam, and a tail protection plate is connected to the tail of the cover beam.


AbstractThe authors discuss the application of some recent ideas in cartographic communication to the compilation of a new city plan of Edinburgh. The one factor which seems to link the cartographer to the map user is that of 'awareness' and this paper studies the problems faced in the production of this map from this viewpoint. This paper was read at the Society's Annual Technical Symposium held at the University of Cambridge in September 1972.


R D Milne 1980 London: Pitman xv + 501 pp price £18 It is an old cliche that mathematics is the language of science, and as more branches of mathematics find applications there is great danger of scientists building themselves a tower of Babel, separating them from each other by impenetrable linguistic barriers. It is always interesting, therefore, to see the appearance of a new dictionary.


Wind turbines are recently regarded as an alternative source of green energy. The challenge is to achieve the optimum design parameters and configurations, which provides the maximum power performance. Several researches have investigated the influence of the geometrical and operating turbine parameters. In this study, ANSYS FLUENT Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software is used to study the aerodynamic flow around turbine blades. The aim of this paper is to give a deep insight into complex flow fields, tip vortices generation and dynamic stalls around turbine blades. 3D model of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) with straight cambered blade profile NACA 4312 operating at moderate specific TSR is investigated. An unsteady turbulent fluid flow based on the RANS equations and shear stress transport formulations SST.k-ω were adopted. This study reveals a great correlation between the evolution of the torque coefficient and the blade vortices generation. It has been shown that the maximum tip vortices size is closely correlated to the moment coefficient peak. In addition, the positive sloped curve on the moment coefficient is caused by the growing trend of vortices size along the blade.


Work-related upper limb disorders (WRULD) are a major source of workplace ill-health and injury. Workers in the manufacturing industry appear to be at high risk of WRULD (Widanarko et al, 2011), which places a significant financial burden on the industry. Risk factors associated with WRULD include repetitive and forceful movements of the arm and wrist (van Rijn et al., 2009), and combinations of forearm supination and forceful lifting (Fan et al., 2009). Psychosocial risk factors have also been linked to these conditions and include stress, unsociable hours and tight production deadlines. Exercise programmes are advocated as an intervention approach for the prevention and management of WRULD (Boocock et al., 2007). However, evidence from the literature indicates contrasting findings for the effectiveness of these approaches. This may stem from the lack of specificity of the exercise programmes. Recent evidence suggests that incorporating eccentric-based exercises into a rehabilitation programme improves recovery in patients with lateral epicondylitis (Cullinane et al., 2014; Tyler et al., 2010). No studies appear to have investigated the use of eccentric exercises as part of a WRULD prevention programme. The aim of this study was to develop and implement a 12 week exercise programme in a New Zealand manufacturing workplace in order to reduce the incidence of WRULD. The intervention combined stretches, eccentric and progressive resistance exercises tailored to individual capabilities. The manufacturing site was selected based on the nature of the work undertaken (i.e. high intensity, repetitive upper limb tasks) and the high incidence of reported WRULD. Findings showed no significant improvements in musculoskeletal symptom reporting post-intervention. Such findings may have stemmed from the short timeframe over which the exercise programme was conducted, increased awareness among participants of musculoskeletal symptom reporting, the potential for unaccustomed eccentric exercises to result in delayed onset muscle soreness, and psychosocial and work organisational factors present at the time. Further high quality studies are needed to determine the potential value of individualised exercise programmes inclusive of eccentric exercises.


In this letter, a direction-finding compensation method of nonideal modulation pulse for direction finding with the time-modulated array is investigated. With the transmission signal's increasing bandwidth, the conventional rectangular pulse cannot effectively describe the practical modulation pulse envelope shape, which will introduce the direction-finding error caused by the different harmonic characteristics. For compensating the error, a modeling method for the practical modulation pulse envelope shape is investigated and its harmonic expression is also deduced. Compared with the direction-finding method considering the rectangular pulse, numerical simulation, and experiment results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed compensation method.


In this article some methodological indications are listed, they can help teachers to acquire the desired level of preparation for their professional performance in the teaching practice when interacting with the content, in order to adapt it to the specific situation of their lessons and of each student with special educational needs.


According to several potential environmental problems in deep foundation pit engineering from some aspects, such as environmental survey, the application of new environmental protection facilities corresponding prevention measures are proposed. Meanwhile, their application prospect is predicted.


Objective To study elderly blood pressure variability and arrhythmia,analyze clinical significance of blood pressure variability as detected indicator in elderly with cardiovascular disease.Methods From 2007 July to 2012 March,elderly patients were selected in our hospital,conducted by cardiac echocardiography to confirm that 140 cases of patients can be carried out clinical research.All patients were measured by Meigaoyi MGY-ABP1 noninvasive portable ambulatory blood pressure recorder,total efficient of variation were divided into 2 groups,namely the high variability in group and low variation group,they were separately carried on the blood pressure measurement 24h above,and used of twelve lead dynamic electrocardiogram(ECGLAB-HOLTER12.NET) Meigaoyi analysis system for 24h continuous monitoring for statistical data,research and analysis.Results Through the comparative analysis of two groups for 24h,day and night on ambulatory blood pressure,blood pressure variability were observed coefficient correlation with cardiac arrhythmias to find that pre-contraction rate in day low variability group was higher than the high variability group,the night was the opposite,but in the 24h,no difference;Night and 24h ventricular arrhythmias in high variability group was significantly higher than the low variability group,and the day was no significant difference;Groups in high variability group were comparisoned,the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias night was significantly higher than the day,while the low variability group pre-shrinkage day was significantly higher than at night.Conclusion With the rise of blood pressure variability,the probability of arrhythmia in elderly is greater.It has significant clinical value as an indicator to detect cardiovascular disease.


The input signals of brain computer interfaces may be either electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded from scalp or electrocorticogram (ECoG) recorded with subdural electrodes. It is very important that the classifiers have the ability for discriminating signals which are recorded in different sessions to make brain computer interfaces practical in use. This paper proposes an algorithm for classifying motor imagery ECoG signals, recorded in different sessions. Extracted feature vectors obtained with wavelet transform were classified by using k nearest neighbor method. The proposed algorithm was successfully applied to Data Set I of BCI competition 2005, and achieved a classification accuracy of 95 % on test set.


Hydrogenotrophic wastewater denitrification was investigated using a bench‐scale hollow‐fiber membrane bioreactor (HFMB). In the HFMB, hydrogen (H 2) was passed through the lumen of hollow‐fiber membranes and nitrified wastewater was supplied to the shell of the reactor. A mass transfer model was developed and found to be a good tool to estimate H 2 mass transfer coefficients at varying recirculation velocities. Under steady conditions, effluent NO 3 − ‐N concentrations less than 10 mg/L were achieved at an empty bed contact time of 8.3 hours when pH and membrane fouling were controlled. An average nitrogen flux of 0.88 g NO 3 − ‐N/m 2 · d was observed. Dissolved oxygen in the influent wastewater did not adversely affect overall nitrogen removal. Under transient conditions, similar to those of onsite processes, overall nitrogen removal efficiencies of 74 to 82% were observed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the denitrifying biofilm was loosely associated with the membrane surfaces.


There was some factors caused the low result of study, that was in teaching learning some process the teacher routine give the easy task as a result the student got difficult in did the problematic task.Based on the problem faced one of the solution was using Creative Problem Solving Model. This study was design to know the students mathematic achievement is using Creative Problem solving Model was better than the students learned by using scientific model at class VIII SMP Negeri 12 Padang. This study used experimental method. The result of study was analyzed by using t-tes. The result of the data analysis showed that, 1) There was a significant difference between learning by using Creative Problem Solving model and Scientific Model. 2) The result of study in experimental class up to 56,67% an cntrol class 28,125%. Based on the result we can concluded that the students achievement using Creative Problem Solving was better than Scientific Model. Key words: Experiment, Creative Problem Solving, Result of Study


Kyo-Gawara is one of smoked roof tile and made by using traditional technique in Kyoto. One of traditional technique is Migaki process that craftsman strokes surface of the tile with paddle one by one. Empirically, it is said that Migaki process can improve surface properties like water shedding quality. In this study, using specimens having different number of times of Migaki process, investigation about influence of Migaki process on surface properties was performed. As a result, contact angle increased and surface roughness decreased with increase of times of Migaki process. From the result of XPS analysis, binding energy of carbon-carbon bonding becames larger with increase of times of Migaki process.


A device for introducing a substance into an air stream comprising: a plurality of supports (40) disposed within an air duct; comprising the air channel (30, 31) having an inlet (35) and an outlet (37) and comprising a structure quetiene a plurality of holes in fluid connection with the air channel through which at least one delflujo of air from input to output is directed to the plurality of supports; one to substance disposed on more than one of the plurality of supports; and configured to vaporize the substance from each of the plurality of supports to mechanical, acoustic, aplicarenergia radiation, radio frequency, optical and / or thermal mechanism, wherein the air channel is configured to circulate a flow of air ( 36) into the air channel paraintroducir the substance in the air flow when released from a support to form an aerosol decondensation in the air flow, and by which the deposition of the substance (41) on superficiesen reduces the flow air downstream.


Biosyngas from biomass gasifiers contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane etc in addition to the various contaminants. This gas could be efficiently converted in solid oxide fuel cells. Information on the levels of contaminants in the fuel gas as well as the sensitivity of SOFC for all contaminants that will be found in the fuel gas is required for designing suitable cleaning systems. This paper presents a brief description of technologies related to such systems and the ongoing activities at University Delft in this topic in co-operation with ECN. Initial results are also presented.


Apoptosis protease activating factor‐1 (APAF‐1), caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 are important factors in the execution of death signals. To study their prognostic influence in colon carcinoma, expression of APAF‐1, caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 was determined by immunohistochemistry in normal colon mucosa (n = 8) and R0‐resected stage II/III colon carcinomas (n ≥ 124) using a semiquantitative score. Staining results were correlated with disease‐free survival by Kaplan–Meier estimates, and multivariate Cox analyses were performed. In normal colon, APAF‐1 and caspase‐8 are most strongly expressed in the luminal surface epithelium, whereas caspase‐9 is expressed all along the crypt axis. In colon carcinomas, there is considerable variability in the expression of these proapoptotic factors, although complete loss of caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 is rare. APAF‐1 expression did not correlate with disease‐free survival. Instead, both expression of caspase‐9 and high‐level expression of caspase‐8 in a majority of tumor cells were significantly associated with adverse prognosis (p = 0.004 and p = 0.029, respectively). The influence of caspase‐8 expression was mainly seen in patients with stage III colon carcinoma (p = 0.011), whereas the prognostic influence of caspase‐9 expression was significant in stage II cases (p = 0.037) and just failed to be significant in stage III tumors (p = 0.0581). After adjusting for confounding factors in a multivariate Cox analysis, the effect of caspase‐9 in predicting disease‐free survival was confirmed (p = 0.003). Our data suggest that, in colon carcinomas, expression of caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 is significantly associated with poor survival. Caspase‐9 may be an independent prognosticator in colon carcinoma.


Two forms of superoxide dismutase were discerned in sonicated bovine spermatozoa. One form was 76,000-77,000 daltons and cyanide-insensitive, properties characteristic of the mangano- superoxide dismutase. The other, 3 3,000-34,000 daltons, was cyanide-sensitive and corresponded to the copper-zinc enzyme described in ram spermatozoa (Abu-Erreish et al., 1978). Total activity for both types of superoxide dismutase was 41 units/i o(cid:1) spermatozoa. The low molecular weight enzyme was purified to homogeneity as evidenced by SDS-poly- acrylamide gel electrophoresis. It exhibited the properties characteristic of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase isolated from other bovine tissues. Owing to instability, the high molecular weight form of the enzyme could not be similarly purified.


This article is the attempt of chronological review and critical analysis of the most essential models of human of the XX century. The knowledge of existing models of human is actual as it can help us to create a model of contemporary human and understand clearer his perspective.


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A 12‐residue peptide designed to form an α‐helix and self‐associate into an antiparallel 4‐α‐helical bundle yields a 0.9 Å crystal structure revealing unanticipated features. The structure was determined by direct phasing with the "Shake‐and‐Bake" program, and contains four crystallographically distinct 12‐mer peptide molecules plus solvent for a total of 479 atoms. The crystal is formed from nearly ideal α‐helices hydrogen bonded head‐to‐tail into columns, which in turn pack side‐by‐side into sheets spanning the width of the crystal. Within each sheet, the α‐helices run antiparallel and are closely spaced (9–10 Å center‐to‐center). The sheets are more loosely packed against each other (13–14 Å between helix centers). Each sheet is amphiphilic: apolar leucine side chains project from one face, charged lysine and glutamate side chains from the other face. The sheets are stacked with two polar faces opposing and two apolar faces opposing. The result is a periodic biomaterial composed of packed protein bilayers, with alternating polar and apolar interfaces. All of the 30 water molecules in the unit cell lie in the polar interface or between the stacked termini of helices. A section through the sheet reveals that the helices packed at the apolar interface resemble the four‐α‐helical bundle of the design, but the helices overhang parts of the adjacent bundles, and the helix crossing angles are less steep than intended (7–11° rather than 18°).


In this paper, we prove the following weak convergence theorem: Let $C$ be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach space $E$ which satisfies Opial's condition or whose norm is Fr\'echet differentiable. Let $T$ be a nonexpansive mapping from $C$ into itself with a fixed point. Suppose that $\{x_{n}\}$ is given by $x_{1}\in C$ and $x_{n+1}=\alpha_{n}T\beta_{n}Tx_{n}+(1-\beta_{n}\rangle$ $x_{\hslash}$] $+(1-\alpha_{n})x_{n}$ for all $n\geq 1$ , where $\{\alpha_{n}\}$ and $\{\beta_{n}\}$ are sequences in $[0,1]$ such that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\alpha_{n}($ 1 $\alpha_{n})=\infty$ and $\lim_{narrow}\sup_{\infty}\rho \mathfrak{n}<1$ , or $\sum_{\mathfrak{n}=\iota^{\alpha}}^{\infty}n\beta_{n}=\infty$ and lin $\sup\beta_{n}<1$ . Then $\{x_{n}\}$ converges weaidy to afixed point of $T$. This is a $\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}1\mathrm{i}\mathrm{z}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}narrow\infty \mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}$of the results of Tan and Xu, and Takahashi and Kim.


d—When two measurements are made for each person the average difference is best assessed with a paired t test. You could take the average height of the 24 office workers in the morning and compare it with the average height in the evening. This will give a measure of change, but a statistical test will be imprecise. This is because some people are tall and some are short, and all of this variation between people is present in the group of 24 measurements in the morning and in the evening. This large variation between people would obscure any small change there might be in height during the day. But all of this variation in height between people can be eliminated by subtracting the morning height from the evening height for each person. What is left is the change in height and this will show a much smaller degree of variation. A paired t test is the appropriate statistical test for this situation. When the two sets of measurement are from different people then there is no opportunity for eliminating the variation between individuals, and a two sample t test must be used. There are two sets of measurement so a one sample test will not help. Whether a test is one sided or two sided refers to the direction of any difference that is being tested for. If the object of the test is to detect a difference between groups irrespective of which group has the higher values then the test should be two sided. If the object is to detect to detect only that one set of values is higher then a one sided test should be used. In this example the question was whether "their morning heights are no different from their evening heights," so a two sided test would be used. If the question were "whether they were taller in the morning than the evening" then a one sided test would be used. The net effect is that two sided tests are more demanding and less likely to be statistically significant. A t test can be used for small sample sizes. At larger sample sizes (say 35 or more) t tests become indistinguishable in their results from normal tests.


Sport is a powerful social institution where hegemonic masculinity is constantly constructed and naturalised through the positioning of physicality and athleticism alongside maleness. Female athletes continue to be sub-ordinated by means of under-representation and trivialising gender discourses. So far, the extensive discussion of gendered language in sports media has primarily focussed on identifying the manifestations of gender bias in traditional news media. There has been little endeavour to explore the language of online media and tournament organisers. This study addresses that gap by comparing online gender representations of tennis players during the Wimbledon Championships 2018 on five online news websites and the tournament website. It also contributes to existing literature by providing corpus evidence of gender bias in sports media. The corpus consists of 1,622 articles (1,076,475 tokens). Findings from frequency, collocation and concordance analysis indicate that despite some instances of gender-neutral representations, female players are prone to gender marking and gender-bland sexism on all websites. I argue that the challenges women face relate to the tension between femininity and athleticism, and the misguided belief that women need to but can never eliminate the muscle gap.


Abstract Metallophthalocyanine (MPc) and its derivatives are well known as electrocatalysts to catalyze oxidation or reduction of some species, such as cysteine, nitric oxide. Their nanosized particles may display the potential optics, electronic, catalytic, and structural properties. In this paper, carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified with nanosized cobalt phthalocyanine (Nano‐CoPc) particles (Nano‐CoPc‐CPE) are fabricated. The electrocatalytic oxidation of theophylline (THP) on the Nano‐CoPc‐CPE is investigated by means of differential pulse voltammetry. The Nano‐CoPc particles perform better electrocatalytic activity to THP, the response current enhanced about 3.4 times compared to bulk CoPc‐modified CPE (B‐CoPC‐CPE). On optimal conditions, there is a good linear relationship between anodic peak current and THP concentration in the range of 4.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−4 mol L−1 with the detection limit of 1.4 × 10−7 mol L−1 (S/N = 3). The current responses of successive 40 measurements at the identical surface and at the renewed ones of Nano‐CoPc‐CPE are examined with relative standard deviation of 2.1% and 3.5%, respectively. It indicates that the electrode shows a good stability and reproducibility. It can be used to determine THP in tea and drug without separation from the matrix. The possible electrocatalytic mechanism is investigated by means of electrochemical method and UV/VIS spectroscopy.


Aim To investigate the therapeutic value of fosinopril in heart failure.Methods Thirty SD rats were divided into three groups at random.Rats in heart failure group and fosinopril group were given an 8 weeks overswimming exercise to induce heart failure and the heart failure rats in fosinogril group were treated with fosinopril orally (2 mg·kg·d-1) for 6 weeks.14 weeks later the hemodynamic indexes, myocardiac apoptosis rate, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and myocardiac interstitial fibrosis were determined.Results The hemodynamic indexes in heart group were remarkably different from those in normal control group, while there was a significant improvement in fosinopril group (P0.01).Left ventricular mass index in heart failure group was more increased than in the control(P0.01), but it was significantly decreased in fosinopril group (P0.01). Myocardiac apoptosis rats was highest in heart failure group,and it was decreased when treated with fosinopril(P0.01).Conclusion Fosinopril could drop the myocardiac apoptosis rats.It suggests that fosinopril has protecting myocardium effect, andimproves prognosis of patients with heart failure.


The main purpose of the study was to analyze teaching styles used in Finnish physical education. Another aim was to investigate the relationships between background characteristics of teachers and use of teaching styles. The participants of the study were 294 (185 females and 109 males) Finnish physical education teachers. The teachers responded to an electronic questionnaire accessed through a link delivered to them by e-mail. The instrument included background information items (gender, teaching experience, education, school level, mean class size) and questions pertaining to 'teacher use' and 'perceived benefits to students' of the various teaching styles. The results of the study revealed that teachers used the command and practice styles of teaching most frequently and the self-check and convergent discovery styles least frequently. The trend was to use more teachercentered than student-centered styles. The teachers perceived the practice and divergent production styles as most and the reciprocal and convergent discovery styles as least beneficial for their students.


The effect of finite interleaver size on bit error rate (BER) performance of coded 8-DPSK is determined by means of computer simulations. The losses evaluated in this way include the SNR degradation due to the timing and frequency errors of the symbol synchronizer and the automatic frequency control (AFC) of the receiver. BER measurements are presented using a conventional 2/3 rate convolutional 8-state trellis-code for typical Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. It is shown that for a Rician channel with a Rician parameter of 7 dB, a Doppler spread of 100 Hz and a data rate of 2400 bps, an interleaver with size 16 x 16 symbols performs nearly as well as a very large interleaver. It is also shown that for very fast Rayleigh channels, the BER-curves flatten out at large SNR.


A rice cross was made using a super rice cultivar Shennong 606 as blast resistance parent and a susceptible cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu,and its segregating F2 population besides two parents was used to identify the blast resistance with the race ZA1 of Magnaporthe grisea(hebert)barr during the seedling stage.The result showed that the blast resistance of Shennong 606 was controlled by a single dominant gene.Based on the resistance test,one SSR marker(RM574) was selected to locate the resistant locus using Bulked segregant analysis(BSA).By amplifying 311 susceptible individuals in F2 population,the resistance gene of Shennong 606 was mapped on chromosome 5,and the genetic distance between RM574 and the resistance gene was 8.7 cM.


Embedding and visualizing large-scale high-dimensional data in a two-dimensional space is an important problem since such visualization can reveal deep insights out of complex data. Most of the existing embedding approaches, however, run on an excessively high precision, ignoring the fact that at the end, embedding outputs are converted into coarse-grained discrete pixel coordinates in a screen space. Motivated by such an observation and directly considering pixel coordinates in an embedding optimization process, we accelerate Barnes-Hut tree-based t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (BH-SNE), known as a state-of-the-art 2D embedding method, and propose a novel method called PixelSNE, a highly-efficient, screen resolution-driven 2D embedding method with a linear computational complexity in terms of the number of data items. Our experimental results show the significantly fast running time of PixelSNE by a large margin against BH-SNE, while maintaining the minimal degradation in the embedding quality. Finally, the source code of our method is publicly available at this https URL


Double wall shrinkage shell of 180,000t/a ammonia synthetic tower which was designed and manufactured by Dongfang Boiler Co.Ltd (DBC) is introduced herein.This tower is one of the key equipments for middle - scale chemical fertilizer plant, and during the course of whose designs and manufactures, new manufacture technologies were used there.


https://e-jcvi.org A 7-year-old girl with a lymphovascular malformation of the face was referred to a cardiologist because of a history of congestive heart failure at the age of 2-3 years with an uncertain diagnosis. She had no symptoms or current medications. On physical examination, her body temperature was normal with a heart rate of 118 beats/minute, blood pressure of 122/60 mmHg, respiratory rate of 20/minute and oxygen saturation of 95%. No cardiac murmurs were heard.


Motives to achieve and values associated with achievement were conceptualized as distinct and independent personality constructs, one nonconscious, the other conscious, each predictive of a different type of achievement-related behavior It was hypothesized that (a) motive and value measures would be uncorrelated, (b) motives would predict "operant" or spontaneous behaviors while values would predict "respondent" or stimulus-driven behaviors, and (c) motives and values would interact such that subjects with high values relating to achievement would perform better than those with low values, but only when their motives were also high Hypotheses (a) and (b) were strongly supported m two studies, and Hypothesis (c) was supported in Study 2 In that study, the motive for achievement was a particularly strong predictor of operant math performance among those subjects who valued achievement as opposed to affiliation The findings suggest that nonconscious (motive) and conscious (value) measures are both useful in different cases–the former for predicting "real" (doing) activity, the latter for predicting self-report (thinking) responses Questions concerning how motives and values might combine to predict different kinds of behavior are addressed


This article examines the feizhuliu online culture among mainland Chinese youth since the mid-2000s, focusing on how articulations of female gender and sexuality relate to broader cultural politics in contemporary China. By evoking the sajiao culture that engaged with and shaped feizhuliu online culture, I highlight an ongoing dialogue between different sexual modernities, within which competing constructions of femininity are inscribed. I also examine cuteness as a sub-trend within feizhuliu culture that girls deploy as a subtle strategy of gender performativity, predominantly on the Internet. In particular, I stress that femininity and female sexuality that closely associate with sajiao culture have been transformed into a highly visual representation of feizhuliu facilitated by the new media landscape in contemporary China. By mapping out feizhuliu youth culture as a discursive site through which configurations of youth, sexuality and Chinese nationhood are negotiated, I argue that these tensions between different modernities are interior and intrinsic to Chinese modernity itself.


The human-computer interaction (HCI) has an important role in human lives for decades. One important area includes an assistive technology in medical system. An application such as patient monitoring is useful for both patients and caregivers. This work aims to help patient with speaking problem to communicate with other people without the need of using voice. This paper applies a combination of machine learning technique based on Haar-like features and a movement tracking method to identify direction of patient hand movement. Each moving direction is bound to a given message. The message is also displayed on a screen and sent to caregivers via a notification system. The experimental results show that the system provides satisfying outcomes in both recognition and movement tracking.


We report the magnetic structures of an Fe substituted cobalt chromite system, Co(Cr1−xFex)2O4 (x = 0.05 and 0.075), determined from the analysis of temperature dependent neutron diffraction measurements. The ferrimagnetic transition temperature (Tc) was found to increase from ∼110 K to ∼118 K with the increase of Fe substitution. Neutron diffraction studies reveal magnetic peaks below the transition temperature, Tc. In addition, we observed a broad hump below the Bragg reflection (111), indicative of diffuse scattering from short-range magnetic interactions coexisting with long range magnetic order below Tc. The length scale of this short range magnetic order shows unusual non-monotonic temperature dependence. The bulk magnetization data reveals that the magneto-structural transition (Ts) remains unaffected with temperature in both the compounds. This magneto-structural transition at Ts gives rise to the magnetic satellite peaks of the conical spin-spiral structure which can be indexed as (220)* and (002)* with a magnetic structure using an incommensurate propagation vector. With a further lowering of the temperature around the lock-in transition, TL (∼10 K), the incommensurate peak of the propagation vector (0.62, 0.62, 0) splits into two peaks with a deviation of 0.02 in Q-value from the centre.


The amplicon derived from 16S rRNA genes, 18S rRNA genes, internal transcribed spacer sequences or other functional genes can be used to infer and evaluate microbial diversity or functional gene diversity. With the development of sequencing technologies, large amounts of amplicon data were generated. Several different software or pipelines had been developed for amplicon data analyses. However, most current software/pipelines require multistep and advanced programming skills. Moreover, they are often complex and time-consuming. Here, we introduced an integrated pipeline named Dix-seq for high-throughput amplicon sequence data processing (https://github.com/jameslz/dix-seq). Dix-seq integrates several different amplicon analysis algorithms and software for diversity analyses of multiple samples. Dix-seq analyzes amplicon sequences efficiently, and exports abundant visual results automatically with only one command in Linux environment. In summary, Dix-seq enables the common/advanced users to generate amplicon analysis results easily and offers a versatile and convenient tool for researchers.


A Dedekind domain is said to be transcendental if it is not a field but it contains a field. In this paper, we establish analogues of Zsigmondy's theorem and the primitive divisor results for the Lucas and Lehmer sequences in transcendental Dedekind domains.


West Virginia University has been giving departmental final examinations in three engineering mechanics courses for almost thirty years. This paper reviews results of 118 class sections since 1989. Two significant findings were made: (1) Classes meeting three times a week outperform those meeting twice a week. (2) There are significant long-term differences between instructors.


This paper presents the estimation of Technical loss in a distribution system which plays an important role in planning and hence economics of any distribution utility. In a system there are two types of losses: fixed i.e.no load losses and variable i.e. load losses which are a function of load. Out of the total system losses, technical losses can be estimated using load curve parameters. This paper focuses on how load curve parameters like load factor, loss factor, coefficient of variation and loss coefficient can be useful for the loss estimation process. A simple approach is proposed to estimate technical loss in HT feeder and Distribution Transformer with non-functional energy meters with average demand using data available with local distribution company. Also, the paper discusses the use of average demand and loss coefficient in making economic cable choices and energy losses analysis.


Reversible photoisomerization of azobenzene liquid crystal molecules allows formation of solitons at microwatt power levels of a He-Ne laser beam. Steering, deflection, merging and all-optical switching of spatial solitons were observed.


The tumour growth kinetics (cell proliferation and apoptosis) of ten hormone‐refractory locally recurrent prostate cancers were compared with their matched untreated primary tumour specimens. All recurrent tumours had a higher cell proliferation activity, as defined by Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry, than corresponding primary tumours from the same patients. The mean cell proliferation activity in recurrences (13·5±3·8 per cent) was over two times higher (P<0·0001) than that in primary tumours (5·5±2·4 per cent), suggesting that cell clones which progress during androgen withdrawal are actively stimulated to proliferate. The mean percentage of apoptotic cells, as estimated by the in situ end‐labelling technique, was 5·4±4·7 per cent in untreated primary tumours, whereas it was 2·3±1·5 per cent in locally recurrent tumours (P=0·05). In all but two cases, the apoptotic index was lower in recurrent than in corresponding primary tumours, suggesting that recurrent prostate carcinomas are able to avoid apoptosis in the androgen‐deprived environment. In conclusion, the clinical progression of prostate cancer during androgen withdrawal is associated with increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


According to narrative identity theory, narratives underlie a strong sense of self because they unify and integrate identity (McAdams, 2008). Consistent with this, individual differences in cinematic self, how storied people experience themselves (Wong, Dirghangi, & Butner, 2020), positively relate to stronger self outcomes. If narratives provide a robust structure for identity, then the consequences of having a stronger or weaker narrative identity may be particularly evident during instability. Two studies tested the hypothesis narrative identity moderates the relationship between self-instability and sense of self. Significant interactions were observed across university students (N  =  172) and online adults (N  =  248), that were consistent across measures of self (self-concept clarity, self-alienation, self-awareness) and stability (stability of self, labile self-esteem), and remained significant controlling for self-esteem. The results support the idea a highly storied identity structures a more robust self than a lesser storied identity and that narrative identity promotes resilience during unstable times.


Developing efficient and stable non-noble metal catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has always been key for controlling air pollution. Chromium oxide nanoparticles catalysts act as...