Mohr–Tranebjaerg syndrome (MTS; MIM 304700) is a rare X-linked condition characterized by the association of dystonia and progressive postlingual sensorineural hearing impairment [Mohr and Mageroy, 1960; Tranebjaerg et al., 1995; Tranebjærg, 2005]. Other manifestations include visual disabilities, mental deterioration, and behavioral abnormalities. MTS was first described in a Norwegian family originally reported to segregate X-linked non-syndromic hearing impairment [Mohr and Mageroy, 1960]. A clinical restudy of the affected males documented the syndromic nature of the disorder [Tranebjaerg et al., 1995]. The genetic locus for MTS, named DFN1, was mapped to Xq22 by linkage analysis [Tranebjaerg et al., 1995]. A positional cloning approach demonstrated mutations in the deafness-dystonia peptide 1(DDP1) gene (MIM 300356) in three unrelated families with MTS [Jin et al., 1996], including the original Norwegian family and a family segregating MTS and X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) due to a contiguous deletion syndrome [Vorechovsky et al., 1994]. TheDDP1 gene encodes TIMM8a, a 97-amino-acid, 11-kDa protein, which is a component of the translocation system for the import and assembly of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins [Koehler et al., 1999]. A mutation inDDP1was found in a case of Jensen syndrome (JS; MIM 311150), which comprises opticoacoustic nerve atrophy and dementia [Jensen, 1981; Jensen et al., 1987], thus demonstrating that JS and MTS are allelic disorders [Tranebjaerg et al., 2001]. To date, other mutations involving the DDP1 gene have been reported in a few families with MTS alone [Tranebjaerg et al., 2000; Swerdlow and Wooten, 2001; Ujike et al., 2001; Binder et al., 2003; Ezquerra et al., 2005] or in association with XLA [Richter et al., 2001; Pizzuti et al., 2004]. Here, we report the finding of a novel mutation in theDDP1 gene in a Spanish familial case of MTS. Patient 1, a 10-year-old boy, is the first child of nonconsanguineous healthy parents. Pregnancy and delivery were uneventful. Early motor development was thought to be normal as he displayed pincer grasp and good bimanual function, sat unsupported by age 6 months and walked by age 13 months. After age 1 year, he suffered recurrent otitis media. At age 22 months, he developed mastoiditis on the right, which recurred 4 months later, being treated with adenoidectomy and placement of tympanostomy tubes. At age 3 3 12 years, he was tested for auditory brainstem responses (ABR), transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), and pure-tone audiometry. ABR were flat, with a 100-dB threshold for both ears. TEOAE were absent bilaterally. Consistently, pure-tone audiometry showed a bilateral


Objective To observe the effect of applying hemoperfusion(HP) to patients poisoned by Imipramine.Methods 35 patients were divided into two groups.The control group was treated normally while the treated group was given HP once on the basis of normal treatment.The averages of the two groups' SAPS scores varied with the time of treatment,and the effect of HP was judged by the charts of the averages.Results The averages of the two groups' SAPS scores varied similarly with the time of treatment and HP had no obvious influence on their tendencies of variation.Conclusion HP had no obvious effect on patients poisoned by imipramine.


The performance-based design of structure can reach the performance objectives under different earthquakes. Mild steel shear dampers (MSSDs) have a good and stable energy dissipation capacity, and are widely used in seismic reduction structure. This paper presents a performance-based aseismic design method for RC frame with mild steel shear dampers, the numerical model of frame was established by SAP2000, then seismic performance of the frame was studied by time history analysis. Compared with pure frame, the inter-story drift ratio of MSSD frame is significantly decreased under frequent, moderate and rare earthquake respectively, and the performance objectives are satisfied, demonstrating the effectiveness of the performance-based aseismic design method.


Analog signals of the cerebral cortex in behaving animals are characterized by strong oscillatory components. To investigate functional interactions among different areas of the cortex, it is biologically plausible to determine dependencies of oscillatory signals such as their phase relation both within and across areas. The present study proposes the application of a clustering algorithm to detect phase synchronization in local field potentials. The introduced synchronization index allows for the extraction of time windows, which exhibit strong phase synchronization in all examined time series. This kind of phase synchronization is highly non-stationary and is called mutual phase 1 synchronization. The comparison of results obtained from single trials with averages of these results reflect the contributions and variability of the single trials at each time point in a frequency band. Therefore this study proposes a novel approach for the analysis of synchronization to be detected in single trials. The assessment of single trials with respect to the trial average revealed that a number of features in time-frequency space are common to different trials. A comparison to the results from applying the bivariate phase synchronization method elucidates the properties of the proposed algorithm. The results of this study show that short epochs of mutual phase synchronization can be detected at behaviorally relevant moments during single trials.


This paper briefly introduces the basic situation of Yuelingshan Reservoir and the concrete scheme of its danger removal and dam reinforcement project,and analyzes the social benefit and economic benefit generated after the danger removal and dam reinforcement of the reservoir.


Wastewater is a discarded human by-product but analyzing it may help us understand the health of communities. Epidemiologists first analyzed wastewater to track outbreaks of poliovirus decades ago, but so-called wastewater-based epidemiology was reinvigorated to monitor SARS-CoV-2 levels. Current approaches overlook the activity of most human viruses and preclude a deeper understanding of human virome community dynamics. We conducted a comprehensive sequencing-based analysis of 363 longitudinal wastewater samples from ten distinct sites in two major cities. Over 450 distinct pathogenic viruses were detected. Sequencing reads of established pathogens and emerging viruses correlated to clinical data sets. Viral communities were tightly organized by space and time. Finally, the most abundant human viruses yielded sequence variant information consistent with regional spread and evolution. We reveal the viral landscape of human wastewater and its potential to improve our understanding of outbreaks, transmission, and its effects on overall population health.


Abstract Current-voltage characteristics are reported for ion-implanted Si:As, with As concentrations about 10% below the concentration of the metal-insulator transition, in the temperature range 007-1K. The data are analysed with both an electric-field-assisted hopping model and a heating model. It follows that, at least at the lowest temperatures (non-equilibrium), heating is the dominant effect.


Low-cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reactions are highly important for oxygen-related energy storage/conversion devices (e.g., solar fuels, fuel cells, and rechargeable metal-air batteries). In this work, a range of compositionally-tuned cerium-doped CoMn2O4 (Ce-CMO-X) spinels were prepared via oxidizing precipitation and subsequent crystallization method and evaluated as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The Ce modification into the CMO spinels lead to the changes of surface electronic structure. And Ce-CMO-X catalysts display better electrochemical performance than that of pristine CMO spinel. Among them, Ce-CMO-18% shows the best activity. The Ce-CMO-18% processes a higher ratio of Co3+/Co2+, Mn4+/Mn3+, which is beneficial to ORR performance, while the higher content of oxygen vacancies in Ce-CMO-18% make for better OER performance. Thus, the Ce-doped CMO spinels are potential candidates as bifunctional electrocatalysts for both ORR and OER in alkaline environments. Then, the hybrid Ce-CMO-18%/MWCNTs catalyst was also synthesized, which shows further enhanced ORR and OER activities. It displays an ORR onset potential of 0.93 V and potential of 0.84 V at density of 3 mA cm−2 (at 1600 rpm), which is comparable to commercial Pt/C. The OER onset potential and potential at a current density 10 mA cm-2 are 183 mV and 341 mV. The superior electrical conductivity and oxygen functional groups at the surface of MWCNTs can facilitate the interaction between metal oxides and carbon, which promoted the OER and ORR performances significantly.


Rural areas of central part of Noshahr have experienced extensive land use change especially agricultural lands (farms and gardens) in recent years (Ghadami etal, 2010) and are expected to continue in future. Because Noshahr is a tourist destination and many tourists have visited here since 1991, so as a result of building many accommodations such as second homes and villas and penetration of land speculation, land use change and environmental pollution have happened extensively (ghadami etal, 2010; Badri etal,2010). This problem has been intensified due to lack of regulatory laws and government support of agriculture sector. So, the future of these lands and their destructive consequences are uncertain. It needs to be applied more accurate tools and methods to understand land use system


This paper describes the characteristics of the magnetic systems of active magnetic radial bearings that are combined with permanent magnets to provide bias force and electromagnets to supply control force. The permanent magnets are placed between two ring-shaped stators, and share their pole-legs with those of the electromagnets. The stator and rotor cores are made of silicon steel strips. Incremental magnetic fluxes with fixed working airgap are detected with search coils near the pole leg faces. Their frequency characteristics are obtained to sinusoidal input to the power amplifier of electromagnet. The experimental results are compared with the numerical result based on a model using identified parameters.


Objective To discuss anatomy characteristics of aortoiliac artery bifurcation by multislice spiral CT. Methods Volume rendering( VR) images of 49 patients with abdomen and pelvic enhanced spiral CT scan were reviewed. The position of aortoiliac artery bifurcation,and the angle between the both sides of common iliac artery and the abdominal aorta in coronal plane and the tilt angle in sagittal plane were observed. The data of both sides and sex for any significant differences were analyzed. Results The main positions of aortoiliac artery bifurcation were low and medium one third of L4( 55. 1%). In coronal plane,the angle between the right common iliac artery and abdominal aorta were( 21. 70 ± 7. 19) °in male;( 23. 66 ± 5. 64) ° in female; the left angle were( 16. 44 ± 6. 23) ° in male;( 19. 68 ± 6. 75) ° in female. There was no gender differences( P = 0. 134) in the right angle,there were gender differences( P = 0. 012) in the left angle.There were statistically differences( P = 0. 006,P = 0. 024) between the two sides in male and female. In sagittal plane,the right side tilt angle in male were( 10. 42 ± 4. 59) °,( 11. 45 ± 5. 93) °in female; the left side tilt angle were( 11. 96 ±6. 66) °in male,( 16. 75 ± 8. 55) °. There was no gender differences( P = 0. 565,P = 0. 070) in the right and left tilt angle,and also no statistically differences( P = 0. 438) between the two sides in male. There were statistically differences( P= 0. 029) between the two sides in female. Conclusion Multislice spiral CT can provide information about anatomy of aortoiliac artery bifurcation for clinical practice,and has clinical significance for endovascular interventional treatment.


Combining with the construction of the Beidengzi river bridge,the author emphatically introduces a serious of construction control measures,thus as the self-compacting concrete's mixing ratio design,raw material,pattern quality,grouting method and embedded parts fixation,so as to ensure the grouting can be carried through and the construction quality of the parts.


Filling effect of silica on dielectric and mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber EPDM/NBR blends with different compositions was studied. To solve the problem of phase separation polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with concentration 10 phr was added. The dielectric data for the investigated systems on the frequency domain 100 Hz to 100 kHz were found to be fitted using Fröhlich function by two absorption regions. These regions ascribe the Maxwell-Wagner effect and the aggregates that are expected to be formed by the addition of different ingredients to rubber. The study led to a conclusion that the blend 75/25 EPDM/NBR possesses the most promising properties. For such reason, this blend was chosen to be loaded with silica in increasing quantities up to 90 phr and then study the various properties. This study indicates that the EPDM/NBR blend loaded with 50–60 phr of silica possess the most suitable electrical and mechanical properties.


There is a considerable interest in the use of tungsten oxide in the research and development of new materials and devices, such as gas sensors and as photocatalysts. In order to improve the photocatalytic properties of WO3, its combination with metals which allows the preparation of WMxOy materials are believed to be promising photocatalysts under visible light. The present work deals with the synthesis of homo- and hetero-metallic tungsten alkoxide and amide compounds using the single source precursor approach for potential chemical vapour deposition precursors of mixed-metal oxide films.


Introduction -\ rapid changing has experiencing towards information society for thirty years. The most important reason of this development is the advances in technology of communication. This technolo,sv has progressed rapidly during the iast 20 years and the pace of development of nerv tools and applications is intense. Modeirr telecommunications can be seen not only as a new \\'a\. of u.orking br-rt also as a new fonr, of traffic. Therefore analogously one can suppose that latest and ncw technology of communication and its applications will during the course ol tirne af-fect spatial developrnent and should taken into account in spatial planning (Ta1r etie. 2003). New Communication Technology (NCT) is converting social. economic and cultural 1if'e. How'ever, how such technologies will shape the grorvth of cities and regions do not yet fully understood. The impact of NCT's on urban areas is debated fiorn acadernics and planners since 1980s. These new technologies have changed the office enl,irorulent. It is possible to work from remote iocations. Because NCTs can be eliminate the need tbr ofllces. Access meant roads, highw'ays, concrete and transporlation. But. nou'ada1 s access ret-ers to information and fibber optics. NCTs har.e a great potential to displace trips. This does have clear environmental benefits, parlicularly when tele-working is substitutin-e tbt'a long contmute. This paper ailns to examine the irnpact of NCTs on cities and urban qrou,th legarding sustainabilitl,.


ABSTRACT This two-part article focuses on the question: Was Julian of Eclanum (c. 380–454) right in accusing Augustine (354–430) of still being a Manichaean, based on his view of sexual concupiscence and the transmission of (original) sin? The second part of the article focuses on the essentials of Augustine's views of sexual concupiscence and the transmission of original sin, in particular as they were expounded (and further developed) in his controversy with the "Pelagian" bishop, Julian of Eclanum. It is concluded that, in particular, Augustine's stress on the "random motion" (motus inordinatus) as typical of the sinfulness of sexual concupiscence is strikingly similar to the Manichaean views on the subject. In this respect, then, Julian seems to be right. Finally, some preliminary remarks are made on early Jewish and Jewish-Christian views of sexual concupiscence and (original) sin which may have influenced not only Mani and his followers, but also Augustine and his precursors in the tradition of Roman North Africa.


Aims: To record selected dental morphological features among students of our medical campus, to correlate type of dental features in males and females and to maintain records of these dental features among the study population as database for personal identification. Methodology: The present cross-sectional survey was carried out among students of Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical Campus, Sangli aged between 18-25 years. The detailed clinical examination was done to record various dental morphological features. Descriptive statistics were employed. Results: Overall, 720 students from the medical, dental and nursing colleges of our medical campus took part in the survey, consisting of 309 (42.91%) males and 411 (57.08%) females. The selected dental features were observed in 13.7% (n=97) of subjects. The most frequent features detected were talon's cusp & cusp of Carabelli and the least being parastyle, protostylid and fusion. Cusp of Carabelli showed frequent bilateral presence than unilateral. Conclusion: The study findings stipulate an evolutionary reduction in the size of human dentition. The study highlighted the necessity for understanding the forensic value of these dental morphological features and maintenance of dental records as an adjuvant in person identification.


Resistance to phosphine fumigation in stored insects continues to be challenging in managing these pests worldwide. The role of detoxification enzymes in metabolizing phosphine is yet to be explored fully. The dose-response mortality against phosphine was assessed in this study from six field populations of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) collected across India during 2021–23 at the Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Further, the strength of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYPs) was estimated at sublethal (LC30) and median lethal concentration (LC50). Dose-response probit assay found that the LC30 and LC50 values ranged from 0.018 to 0.363 and 0.038 to 1.277 mg/L, respectively. Our result showed that MZ (Mirzapur) and KA (Kailashahar) were the high and least resistant phosphine populations compared to the susceptible reference LS (lab population). The magnitude of GST and CYPs activities in resistant populations were more elevated than in susceptible populations. Our study found that the enhancement of GST and CYPs activity was eight and nine-fold and two and three-fold at LC30 and LC50 concentrations, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between GST (r=0.94, P<0.01; r=0.98, P<0.001) and CYPs (r=0.94, P<0.01; r=0.97, P<0.001) to both lethal and sublethal concentrations, respectively. Our findings implied that GST and CYPs activities escalated with increased resistance against phosphine exposure in field populations of T. castaneum.


One of the main actions of the driver is to keep the vehicle in a road lane within its markings, which could be aided with modern driver-assistance systems. Forward digital cameras in vehicles allow deploying computer vision strategies to extract the road recognition characteristics in real-time to support several features, such as lane departure warning, lane-keeping assist, and traffic recognition signals. Therefore, the road lane marking needs to be recognized through computer vision strategies providing the functionalities to decide on the vehicle's drivability. This investigation presents a modular architecture to support algorithms and strategies for lane recognition, with three principal layers defined as pre-processing, processing, and post-processing. The lane-marking recognition is performed through statistical methods, such as buffering and RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus), which selects only objects of interest to detect and recognize the lane markings. This methodology could be extended and deployed to detect and recognize any other road objects.


The modified quadratic discriminant function (MQDF) is a very popular handwritten Chinese character classifier thanks to its high performance with low computational complexity. However, it suffers from high memory requirement for the storage of its parameters. This paper proposes a compact MQDF classifier developed by integrating sparse coding and vector quantization (VQ) technique. To be specific, we use sparse coding to represent the parameters of MQDF in sparsity first, and then employ the VQ technique to further compress the sparse coding. The proposed method is evaluated by comparing the performance with three models, i.e., the original MQDF classifier, the compact MQDF classifier using the VQ technique, and the compact MQDF classifier using sparse coding. The effectiveness of our proposed approach has been confirmed and demonstrated by comparative experiments on ICDAR2013 competition dataset.


Blackboard learning platform,widely used in the world,has a significant advantage in the promotion of collaborative learning.According to the requirements of collaborative learning and the features of Blackboard platform,in this paper,a Blackboard-based collaborative learning model was proposed,in order to carry out the collaborative learning better.


Surgical resection is the standard for treatment for RCC and partial nephrectomy (PN) is the treatment of choice for tumours < 4 cm [1]. Laparoscopic PN (LPN) is a viable alternative to traditional open PN, giving good oncological and functional outcomes [2–4]. LPN is a challenging procedure, particularly with intracorporeal suturing under the time constraints of warm ischaemia. The introduction of the da Vinci surgical system (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) with wristed instruments and magnified, three-dimensional vision, can facilitate the technical challenges of minimally invasive PN. The technique of robotic PN (RPN) is still developing and several institutions have recently reported their results [5–11]. Here we present our technique for RPN using a transperitoneal approach.


Purpose – Aims to provide a comparison of a search results and relevancy ranking via Google Search, Google Scholar and InfoTrack Database.Design/methodology/approach – A summary of the results from each search engine is compared.Findings – This article provides an brief overview of impact of Google services on traditional library services.Originality/value – This paper is useful for information management professionals who seek greater understanding of how the Google service compared with an aggregated subscription database.


According to the Employment Protection Act, the permanent employment is the main condition of employment in Sweden. Nevertheless, nowadays a large number of employers choose to apply other conditions of employment than the permanent employment in their businesses. The rapid technical development and the demands for shorter perspective investment in companies on the Swedish labour market have started the requirement for a more flexible workforce. On-call employment is one of the conditions of employment that is increasing the most. This condition of employment is adjusted by the parties on the labour market. When using an on-call employment, the employers themselves can choose when to provide work for the employee. If there is no need for occupy, the employee is not provided any job. The use of on-call employment facilitates for the employers to adjust labour in accordance with the need of getting a job done. The purpose of this report is to investigate how each individual employee is affected by having an on-call employment. Different areas such as employment safety, sickness- and rehabilitation benefits and the right to re-employment will be discussed. The information which has been used is mostly studies of doctrine, the Swedish law and through personal interviews in relation with an empirical investigation based on one big company and five trade unions within The Swedish Trade Union Confederation. The employee has interpreted this condition of employment as insecure and misses a regular income. The fact that there is no regulation for on-call employment in the Employment Protection Act results in divided employment security for the employees. The empirical investigation also shows that the statutory right to safety- and rehabilitate benefits differs compared to employees with other kind of employments.


This paper discusses how new information technologies will change the inquiry of social processes, particularly regarding migration studies. Modern innovations in the sphere of collection and processing of information, like digitalisation, analysis of Big data, and the development of data science, might transform theoretical approaches to migration studies. Applying Babbie's (2021) macro and micro theory of social process inquiry, the intention in the current article is to add a nano level, which will be increasingly utilised in the coming years, particularly in the sphere of inquiry of population migration using personal biological (fingerprints, eye features, and even DNA) characteristics. The paper underlines that modern information technologies will not only allow for a deeper understanding, but also for a broader capture of social processes. Moreover, these technologies will facilitate the use of mixed method research, i.e. incorporating quantitative and qualitative approaches. It is also important to understand the continued importance of ethical principles regarding the protection of personal information.


The colorless and transparent silane film is prepared by immersing AZ31 magnesium alloys after re-treatments in KH-550 and BTSPS silane solutions.Salt immersion and polarization tests are conducted to study the influence of silane treatments on the corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloys,and the surface corrosion morphologies of specimens are analyzed.It's found that the compact silane film with effective shield function can improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy,and BTSPS silane treatment is superior to KH-550's.The corrosion pinholes of magnesium alloys in NaCl solutions expand in the form of bars and link each other with the ceaselessly corrosion.Corrosion production Mg(OH)2 is in the shape of loose and porous honeycomb structure.


A novel high speed (sub-gigahertz) and large deflection angle (>30°) beam switching in transverse-mode coupled cavity VCSEL is proposed and demonstrated. The record-high angular switching speed of 1.3×1011 °/s is achieved with narrow beam divergence of below 4° and extinction ratio of 8 dB.


Some conceptual aeroshapes, designed to fit the constraints of VEGA launcher fairing and with the capability of a conventional landing, were studied by means of numerical tools from hypersonic to subsonic speed conditions. Aerodynamic coefficients were also compared to flight proven or preliminary designed vehicles with similar requirements on re-entry flight. Aerodynamic performances were evaluated with engineering tools and CFD code in order to drive the choice of a more suitable aeroshape for a whole re-entry system development.


Recent algorithms of object scene flow estimation suffer from low computational efficiency or unstable moving object proposals. To tackle these two problems simultaneously, in this paper we propose a new, efficient and robust algorithm for object scene flow estimation, through making two technical contributions. Firstly to improve the efficiency, we propose to select only a few pixels termed support points for matching cost calculation rather than using all pixels. The support points are defined as those pixels with high confidence in feature matching. Secondly to attain stable moving object proposals, we propose a motion magnitude-adaptive thresholding scheme for ego-motion outlier detection, after patch matching on CNN-extracted high quality features. These two contributions, though simple, ensure a remarkable improvement in both efficiency and accuracy from the original object scene flow method, as well as making the proposed algorithm a strong practicable alternative to much more sophisticated state-of-the-art competitors.


Abstract We have investigated the effects on a phytoplankton model of an area in the Barents Sea subject to differentways of specifying the light field. Three different schemes is used to calculate the light available for photosynthesis,(1) non-spectral atteuantion of light in the water column, (2) spectral attenuation and (3) calculating the photosyn-thetic usable radiation from the spectral scheme. This study also investigates the effects of changes in the spectral distribution under a cloudy sky with an increase in the shortwave radiation and a decrease in radiaton at longer wavelengths. 1. Introduction A diversity of instruments for measuring the submarine light field is now available. An instrument which has founda widespread use during the recent years is the profiling quantum scalar irradiance meter. Contrary to conventionalfiat plate cosine collector instruments, it measures the total quanta irradiance in the wavelength range 350 to 700 nmfor the whole upper and lower hemisphere, equally weighted for all solid angles. Furthermore, since the phytoplanktoncells are randomly oriented, the cells have equal light collecting capabilities for all directions. SCOR Working Group


Scientific imperialism involves outsiders creating knowledge about dominated groups. This applies to the relationship between indigenous or minority children, parents, teachers and communities on the one hand, and dominant groups (schools, teachers/administrators, us as researchers) on the other hand. How can we as outsiders work together with other oppressed groups to overcome the legacy and consequences of linguistic and cultural genocide and, in the process, create new and liberating histories for us all? The article examines how scientific imperialism has contributed, and continues to contribute, to linguistic genocide in the education of indigenous and minority children and outlines some of the challenges and opportunities that people are faced with when trying to change the genocidal situation. New forms of linguistic genocide based on subtractive bilingualism, 'free market' economics, parental 'consent' and 'good intentions' can be more harmful to indigenous and minority children than overt attempts at extinguishing the language and culture, because they are more difficult to analyse. In subtractive language learning, a dominant or majority language is learned at the cost of the mother tongue. Subtractive teaching subtracts from the children's linguistic repertoire (instead of adding to it). The children undergoing this type of education, or at least their children, are forcibly transferred to the dominant group linguistically and culturally, and the education can cause them mental and physical harm; both are defined as genocide in the United Nations Genocide Convention. The most decisive educational factor in causing negative statistics of indigenous 'performance' is the use of the wrong teaching language (together with lack of indigenous content, methods and ethos in schools). An additive approach to bilingualism based on long-term, mainly mother-tongue medium (MTM) education, can be employed to preserve and enrich indigenous and minority languages and cultures. In large-scale studies of educational models for minorities, the amount of education through the medium of the mother tongue is the strongest predictor of both children's competence and gains in English, and of their school achievement. The final part of the article focuses on the struggle to combat linguistic genocide in education and its consequences on the island of Kosrae in Micronesia. What is needed today is a coherent strategy to put an end to extroversion in all forms, whether economic, scientific or technological. Thus far, we have been involved in the mass production of export crops for the consumption of people overseas, and/or exploiting mines for their industrial plants. We have been producing scholarly articles, conference papers and books for them first, and only secondarily for our own people. We have been collecting data in all fields primarily for their use, and only secondarily for the use of our own people. We have been serving as informants, though sometimes as learned informants, for a theory-building activity located overseas and entirely controlled by people there, giving as many details as we could about our history, our cultures, proverbs, myths, intellectual production and so forth, to allow them to write impressive books on our societies. And when we happened to write such books ourselves, we did everything to have them read and appreciated by them first, and only secondarily by our own people. As a result, we could at best be co-opted in our individual capacity in a world-wide scientific discussion which remained centred in and managed by the North, while our people remained largely excluded from such a discussion. These trends should be reversed or at least corrected. (Paulin Hountondji, Benin, 2002, pp. 36–37) Well, where does our technical expertise come from? For more years than any of us have been on this Earth, foreign experts have been coming to our islands. They have looked at our languages and cultures through magnifying glasses of their own making. They have invented innumerable anthropological, linguistic and other scientific terms, definitions, categories and descriptions of our people and cultures. They have then carried these data back to their own countries in order to interpret who and what we are to the rest of the world. And finally, they have given these interpretations and world views back to us so that we now understand our own histories, languages, cultures and places in the world largely through their eyes, research methods, written accounts and other forms of Western scientific documentation. For those of us lucky enough to have received professional education and training, the question must be asked: Is our expertise really ours? I ask this not to throw the baby out with the bathwater. We should be proud of our professional accomplishments. But I also believe that we should look critically at our received knowledge. We should be constantly asking ourselves how much this received knowledge is helpful to us. Can it really help us to preserve and enrich our languages and cultures? (Alister Tolenoa & David Hough, Micronesia, 2004, p. 78) After the collapse of communism, it has become increasingly clear that western social scientists don't know enough about east/central Europe and vice versa. In this age of globalisation and Europeanisation, those of us in the east who have taught and conducted research for many years in the western countries are subject to growing dissatisfaction with the lack of intercultural knowledge and understanding of the burning social and linguistic issues. All too often western 'experts' offer their help to us and fail because they don't know the social issues in the east. They don't know the languages we speak, let alone the cultures we have. Oftentimes they are even ignorant of the distinction between the theory of cultural nation (defined on the basis of language and culture) and political nation (defined on the basis of citizenship). Some even believe that the latter is somehow more right or advanced than the former, as if nations constituted culturally were lesser developed. Few are the western scholars who have learned our languages and earned our respect by their research conducted in our countries. (Miklōs Kontra, Hungary, 2000, p. 1) Finally, we got to where we had no language, no history, no name. The white man named us after himself — Jones, Smith, Johnson … (Malcolm X, USA, 1972, p. 37)


We provide in situ observations of the transient phenomena in the dayside magnetosphere during the preliminary impulse (PI) and main impulse (MI) event on 30 September 2008. The PI and MI geomagnetic signals are induced by twin traveling convection vortices with opposite polarities in the equivalent ionospheric currents due to a sudden increase of the solar wind dynamic pressure. The two PI‐associated ionospheric current vortices centered at ~07 magnetic local time (MLT), 67° magnetic latitude (MLAT) in the dawnside and ~14 MLT, 73°MLAT in the duskside, respectively. The dawnside MI current vortex centered at ~68° MLAT and 6 MLT, while the duskside vortex center was traveling poleward from ~67° MLAT to ~75° MLAT at a speed of ~5.6–7.4 km/s around 14 MLT. It is found that both dawnside PI‐ and MI‐related current vortices were azimuthally seen up to 4 MLT. Following the magnetosphere sudden impulse, a clockwise flow vortex with a radial scale larger than 3 RE, associated with positive field‐aligned current (FAC), was observed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft in the outer dayside magnetosphere. The flow vortex expanded and traveled tailward in the magnetosphere, also being reproduced with global MHD simulations. Based on both observation and simulation technique, we show that the MI‐related FACs are correlated with the large‐scale flow vortex. The PI FACs are partially provided by the mode conversion of fast mode waves into the Alfvén waves near the equatorial plane, while most of it may be generated at a higher‐latitude region in the magnetosphere.


Kiwi Keith: A Biography of Keith Holyoake by Barry Gustafson. Auckland University Press, Auckland. 2007. 432 p. NZ$59.99 (hardcover). ISBN 1869404009. Beyond Biculturalism: The Politics of an Indigenous Minority by Dominic O'Sullivan. Huia Press, Wellington. 2007. 248 p. NZ$44.99 (paperback). ISBN 1869692853. Sexuality and the Stories of Indigenous People edited by Jessica Hutchings and Clive Aspin. Huia Press, Wellington. 2007. 204 p. NZ$40.99 (paperback). ISBN 1869692772.


The functioning free-muscle transfer is a microneurovascular technique that has proven effective for patients who have a major muscle or muscle group loss for which no other less complicated procedures are available. A new functioning muscle (lateral half of the soleus) transfer was used for forearm reconstruction. This functioning muscle can be transferred alone, or it can be used with overlying skin or nearby fibular bone or both. It was used in a selective complicated case in which not only were major functional muscles lost, but a bone deficiency and skin loss also were seen. The operation was done in one stage with the composite flap (muscle plus bone plus skin). The recovered transferred muscle provided adequate strength and excursion for a functional hand and forearm.


Date of presentation 09-05-2012 DP in International Business Author or authors Joseph Buyondo Sserwanga 2007 Tittle Increasing Compliance with Company rules in a multi-cultural group of floor workers. Case company: Caternet Finland Oy. Number of pages and attachements 73+2 Teacher(s) or supervisor(s) Elizabeth San Miguel Tanja Vesala-Varttala This thesis is a piece of research done whilst working for Caternet Finland Oy, a food company located and operating in Helsinki, Finland. The thesis originates from the researcher's experience in the company. While working for the company the author realized a problem with in-house compliance of company rules, mainly when it comes to the floor workers. The main objective of my research was to study how Caternet Finland Oy can increase internal compliance within its multi-cultural group of floor workers through improving the communication of rules and regulations. The purpose is therefore to detect weaknesses and loopholes in the entire structure, but mainly in the communication of company rules to the multi-cultural group of shop floor workers. The research was carried out by using the qualitative research method. The data was collected through face to face interviews by the researcher himself. The interviews followed major themes, which included the following: rules and compliance employee communication and intercultural communication. The results revealed that rules in Caternet Finland Oy are formulated from what the law stipulates, customer demands and what the management wants. There has not been through communication of these rules to floor workers. The few rules which have been communicated have not effectively reached the entire group of floor workers. The research concludes that even though there are weaknesses in the formulation of rules, the company has more problems in the communication of rules to the workers. Intercultural communication has been viewed as the most urgent area for the company to check in order to achieve compliance from its multicultural group of floor workers. Suggestions are given for the company on how to improve the communication of rules.


This paper aims to create works of art with Bandura's social cognitive theory approach consisting of a) Attention (attention), b) Retention, c) Motion Reproduction and d) Motivation as a foundation in the creative process of art learning in monologue courses in the Drama Concentration, Drama, Dance and Music Education Study Program (Sendratasik) Faculty of Language and Arts, Surabaya State University. This lecture is a type of practice with a total of 4 credits, students are directed to practice directly through various methods, strategies and competency content contained in the course. The focus in the current discussion is to practice the Monologue Ludrukan Garingan Markeso Mudo is a competency achievement that will be obtained by students if the stages can be carried out according to the procedure. The implementation of the Ludrukan Garingan Markeso Mudo Monologue is simulated in public spaces targeting crowded places such as markets, stalls or other public spaces that are in accordance with the needs of the actor's concept. The application of Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory as a tool to produce student process space in obtaining structured steps before implementing in the Monologue Ludrukan Garingan Markeso Mudo. Finally, it can obtain a good implementation formulation in practice in the field


The role of recurves on top of seawalls in reducing overtopping has been previously shown but their influence in the distribution and magnitude of wave-induced pressures and forces on the seawall remains largely unexplored. This paper deals with the effects of different recurve geometries on the loads acting on the vertical wall. Three geometries with different arc lengths, or extremity angles (αe), were investigated in large-scale physical model tests with regular waves, resulting in a range of pulsating (non-breaking waves) to impulsive (breaking waves) conditions at the structure. As the waves hit the seawall, the up-rushing flow is deflected seawards by the recurve and eventually, re-enters the underlying water column and interacts with the next incoming wave. The re-entering water mass is, intuitively, expected to alter the incident waves but it was found that the recurve shape does not affect wave heights significantly. For purely pulsating conditions, the influence of αe on peak pressures and forces was also negligible. In marked contrast, the mean of the maximum impulsive pressure and force peaks increased, even by a factor of more than two, with the extremity angle. While there is no clear relation between the shape of the recurve and the mean peak pressures and forces, interestingly the mean of the 10% highest forces increases gradually with αe and this effect becomes more pronounced with increasing impact intensity.


The influence of a thin conducting layer on the propagation of surface acoustic waves in a piezoelectric medium is investigated theoretically. It is generally believed that wave velocity decrease monotonically with increasing conductance of the layer. Our calculations show, however, that in the case of weakly inhomogeneous surface waves, such as Bleustein-Gulyaev and Love waves, there exists a certain conductance interval in which the wave velocity increases with increasing layer conductance. This anomalous behavior, referred to as the anomalous resisto-acoustic effect, is related to the penetration depth of the wave into the substrate. The anomalous effect is present if the penetration depth exceeds a certain critical value, and absent otherwise. The anomalous effect allows one to obtain value of /spl Delta/v/v, the fractional velocity change, that is greater than the normally predicted value of /spl Delta/v/v=(v/sub 0/ -v/sub m/)/v/sub 0/. For example, for Bleustein- Gulyaev waves propagating in Y-cut, X-propagation potassium niobate, values of /spl Delta/v/v greater than 0.32 can be obtained, compared to the normally predicted value of 0.26.


A remote measuring, tracking, controlling and anti-theft apparatus for motor-driven vehicles is disclosed. An electronic device B as anti-theft unit is installed in vehicle and connected to trigger sensor. An portable electronic device C has ordinary and directional antennas. A set of high-power electronic emitting, receiving and processing units are installed in each city. An electronic device Ais composed of antenna circuit, frequency-changing amplifier, demodulator, limit output circuit, single-chip computer, modulated transmitter, microphone circuit and sound output circuit. When a person comes in driver's cab and triggers electronic device, it sends radio alarm while cuts off fuel channel and circuit.


In order to investigate the tension-tension fatigue life distribution of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites, 70 specimens were tested at same stress level (70% σ m ). The test results show that BFRP is heterogeneous and its fatigue life data are of great dispersion. In addition, the statistical analysis shows that the fatigue life distribution of BFRP is highly consistent with the Weibull distribution of two parameters if compared with the normal distribution, and the linear correlation test shows that the goodness of fit is 99.23%.


A hybrid coolant pump has two operating modes, two modes of operation which operating mode is the motor pulley and a mechanical drive mode of operation. A friction clutch assembly is positioned within the housing member and the motor comprises a softening spring, the spring clutch parasitic power consumption is minimized.


THE MIDDLE EAST IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: Power, Politics and Ideology. By FRED HALLIDAY. GEOPOLITICS OF THE WORLD SYSTEM. By SAUL BERNARD COHEN. HEGEMONY: The New Shape of Global Power. By JOHN AGNEW. GEOGRAPHIES OF MUSLIM WOMEN: Gender, Religion, and Space. Edited by GHAZI‐WALID FALAH and CAROLINE NAGEL.


This work provides an experimental and computational analysis of low cycle fatigue of a tantalum polycrystalline aggregate. The experimental results include strain field and lattice rotation field measurements at the free surface of a tension–compression test sample after 100, 1000, 2000, and 3000 cycles at ±0.2% overall strain. They reveal the development of strong heterogeneites of strain, plastic slip activity, and surface roughness during cycling. Intergranular and transgranular cracks are observed after 5000 cycles. The Crystal Plasticity Finite Element simulation recording more than 1000 cycles confirms the large strain dispersion at the free surface and shows evidence of strong local ratcheting phenomena occurring in particular at some grain boundaries. The amount of ratcheting plastic strain at each cycle is used as the main ingredient of a new local fatigue crack initiation criterion.


Summary 1. In rats, clamping of one renal artery or encapsulation of one kidney leads to a significant decrease in pressor material (renin ?) in the contralateral "untouched" kidney, while in the clamped kidney pressor activity is normal or only slightly enhanced. 2. These changes in content of renal pressor material are not necessarily accompanied by increase in blood pressure but were observed in every case of renal hypertension. 3. When hypertensive rats were adrenalectomized and maintained on small doses of cortisol, there followed a decrease in blood pressure and restoration of level of pressor material in the unclamped kidney. 4. It is suggested that diminution of pressor material in the unclamped kidney is not a prerequisite but a consequence of the pathological situation leading to renal hypertension.


The main purpose of this paper is to present a new computational for approximate analytical solutions of nonlinear time-fractional wave-like equations with variable coefficients using the fractional residual power series method (FRPSM). The fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. This method is based on the generalized Taylor series formula and residual error function. Unlike other analytical methods, FRPSM has a special advantage, that it solves the nonlinear problems without using linearization, discretization, perturbation or any other restrictions. By numerical examples, it is shown that the FRPSM is a simple, effective, and powerful method for finding approximate analytical solutions of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations.


The approximate deconvolution is implemented to reconstruct the instantaneous velocities from the filtered velocities before using them in the momentum equations of particles in the large-eddy simulation (LES) of particle-laden turbulent flows. It is shown that the various statistics of particles obtained through deconvolution are in good agreement with those obtained by the direct numerical simulation (DNS) by conducting a priori and a posteriori tests in a particle-laden homogeneous shear turbulent flow. On the other hand, the neglect of the effects of subgrid scales on the particles results in discrepancies between DNS and LES results.


The author describes her experiences growing up as an American‐born Chinese (ABC) in the southeastern United States, where there were few Asian‐Americans. In her college experience, she encountered more ethnic diversity, and pursued a degree in environmental engineering where she was a member of another minority ‐ a female engineer. She offers insightful advice to other engineers who wish to be successful in a diverse and ever‐changing workplace.


Background: Simulation training is increasingly being used as a safe format to instruct students and trainees in different skills and procedures in the field of medicine. In this study, we recorded stress levels among medical students during simulation training for a lumbar puncture (LP) procedure performed on a mannequin and investigated the association between stress and performance. Methodology: This study was conducted on 39 fourth year female medical students. Students wore a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor on their wrist before being asked to attempt the LP procedure on the mannequin on two separate occasions. Students' performance was assessed using a validated LP checklist on each attempt. Data were compared across all simulation attempts and for each student. Results: Collectively, mean wrist GSR levels increased from the mental rehearsal phase 0.31 mS ± 0.40, during the first attempt 0.48 mS ± 0.62 and continued to increase significantly (P = 0.007) during the second attempt 0.60 mS ± 0.80. There were no significant differences (P = 0.32) between the checklist scores of the first and second attempts. Conclusion: The results of our study support the previous evidence that linked simulation training with emotional and physiological stress. Performing highly intense procedures such as LP is considered to be a potential source of stress. Our findings showed that there was a continuous increase in the level of stress associated with repeated attempts during the LP simulation that had no significant impact on clinical performance. As the practice of medicine involves exposure to a remarkable number of stressors and critical conditions, we emphasize the importance of training medical students in ways to cope more effectively with these situations.


The software interface structure、data interaction and database technology were discussed in human-computer interaction design with object-oriented ideas and Visual C ++ software development platform.Also data interactive operation,processing,storage and reuse were studied by means of ADO technology,the design process was improved and achievements were reused.


Although in future coastal territories will become more developed and the economies of developing countries will undoubtedly diversify to some extent through industrialization dependence on coastal resources is likely to remain strong. Industrial expansion often involves the processing of agricultural, fishery and forestry products together with oil refining and textile manufacture. These expanded economic performances are often also dependent on coastal resources and as economic diversification increases and makes the constituent sectors more mutually dependent over coastal natural resources. The present book provides an outline of coastal issues and their management options of low lying deltaic coastal tract of Odisha coast. Which can be simplify transversely with space and time scales. The book commences into the perceptions and sketches, geological background, materials and coastal issues and appropriate management options. Even though there are environmental zoning perceptions which oversee the response to enlighten conduct over time scales that are pertinent to human societies. The present book is based a lot of our own research experiences in east coast of India.


In this article, a parallel formulation of the finite volume method is presented for solving three‐dimensional, turbulent, mixed, reactive, and slightly compressible flows. It can also be used for incompressible laminar/turbulent flows. The method is designed for nonorthogonal meshes, and oscillations caused by the advective terms are treated by a deferred correction technique. The chosen finite volume scheme is cell centered. The studied fluid is a single‐phase multicomponent gas with Newtonian behavior. The focus is mainly on gas mixtures with predominance of N 2$$ {}_2 $$ , since the chemical reaction of greatest interest is the combustion process in the air. The buoyancy is caused by the gradient of the specified mass, which is a function of the temperature and the composition of the gas mixture. The mathematical model uses an approximation for low Mach numbers, describing slightly compressible flows. The coupling between the fluid dynamic equations is given by the nonlinear Picard's method, with the pressure‐velocity coupling treatment given by the SIMPLE algorithm (semi‐implicit method for pressure‐linked equations). The complete mathematical model includes the sensitive enthalpy equation for the conservation of energy. The LES (large eddy simulation) model is used for modeling the turbulence. The chemical reactions are implemented using the EDC (eddy dissipation concept) and the EDM (eddy dissipation model) approaches. The parallel strategy is based on a subdomain‐by‐subdomain approach, and uses the MPI and OpenMP standards in a hybrid parallel scheme. Compressed data structures are used to store the matrix coefficients.


Thank you very much for reading numerical methods for fluid dynamics with applications to geophysics. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this numerical methods for fluid dynamics with applications to geophysics, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their computer.


As an indispensable interface, a battery management system (BMS) is used to ensure the reliability of Lithium-Ion battery cells by monitoring and balancing the states of the battery cells, such as the state of charge (SOC). Since many battery cells are used in the form of packs, cell temperature imbalance may occur. Current approaches do not solve the multi-objective active balancing problem satisfyingly considering SOC and temperature. This paper presents an optimal control method using reinforcement learning (RL). The effectiveness of BMS based on Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) agents obtained from hyperparameter optimization is validated in simulation narrowing the values to be balanced at least 28%, in some cases up to 72%. The RL agents let the active BMS select the optimal cell and regulates current for the balance of SOC and temperature between battery cells.


Source Citation Coupland C, Dhiman P, Morriss R, et al. Antidepressant use and risk of adverse outcomes in older people: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2011;343:d4551. 21810886


We report on the temporal pulse response measurements of solar-blind AlxGa1−xN-based heterojunction p–i–n photodiodes. High-speed characterization of the fabricated photodiodes was carried out at 267 nm. The bandwidth performance was enhanced by an order of magnitude with the removal of the absorbing p+ GaN cap layer. 30 µm diameter devices exhibited pulse responses with ∼70 ps pulse width and a corresponding 3 dB bandwidth of 1.65 GHz.


The article is based on the results of the sociological polls of the electoral consciousness and electoral behavior, which were held under the direction of the author during the parliament and the presidential elections in Russia in 1991-2012. The author focuses on the social factors stipulating voters' will expression, and the factors influencing their electoral choice


This article investigates input-to-state stability (ISS) of nonlinear systems via event-triggered impulsive control method. A novel impulsive event-triggered mechanism (IETM) which can exclude the Zeno behavior for nonlinear impulsive systems is designed. Some sufficient conditions which establish the relationship between impulse strength and IETM for ISS property are proposed. It is shown that under the designed IETM, a flexible impulsive control strategy can be provided. Since impulses only occur when the event which is related to the states of the system is triggered, the burden of the transmission of information can be reduced dramatically. Examples are presented to show the effectiveness of our proposed results.


ABS TRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the me- diating role of subjective well-being in the relationship between psychological hardiness and self-esteem in nursing students. Material and Methods: The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. It was carried out between 01-30 April, 2020 with 462 nursing department students determined by random sampling method. The questionnaires were de-livered to the students in online system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Personal Information Form, Psychological Hardiness Scale, Self-es-teem Scale and Subjective Vitality Scale were used. SPSS 21 and AMOS 22 programs were used to evaluate the data with Structural Equation Model (SEM). Effect levels were evaluated with boostrap (5000). Results: The mean scores of psychological hardiness, subjective vitality and self-esteem were 3.10±0.37, 4.99±1.20, and 2.63±0.79, respectively. The correlation coefficient between psychological hardiness, subjective vitality and self-esteem is statistically significant (p<0.01). It was determined that psychological hardiness has a direct and indirect effect on self-esteem ( β = ,490, β =,219, respectively). Sub- jective vitality played a partial mediating role. Conclusion: The results showed that psychological hardiness and subjective vitality can signif- icantly affect self-esteem in nursing students. The relationship was par-tially mediated by subjective vitality. In addition to the improved psychological hardiness of students, their subjective vitality will sig-nificantly enhance their self-esteem. Also, the study can contribute to solving the underlying mechanisms of self-esteem. It can provide a method reference for future studies with model analysis. It may be rec- ommended that students be monitored for psychological hardiness and subjective vitality in terms of increasing their self-esteem and that en- hancing interventions be applied.


It is imperative for geotechnical engineers to harness ways of improving lateritic soil with industrial waste materials in other to satisfy the required highway pavement construction. This work investigated the effect of Electric Arc Furnace Slag (EAFS) on the engineering properties of Lateritic soil. Tests to determine the X-Ray Florescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), grain size analysis and specific gravity of the soil sample and EAFS and the lateritic soil stabilization with varying percentages (0%, 4%, 8%, 12% and 16%) of EAFS using Atterberg limits, Compaction and Shear Strength were carried out. The soil sample was classified as A-7-5 (6) and ML according to American Association of State Highway Transportation Official (AASHTO) and Unified soil classification system while the silica-sesquioxide ratio and mineral contents showed that the soil is a lateritic soil as they contain both swelling and non-swelling clay minerals. The stabilized soil sample revealed that EAFS increases the maximum dry density (20.0KN/m3 to 25.0KN/m3) and decreases the optimum moisture content (18.50% to 13.00%) which could be attributed to the lower affinity of EAFS to water thus, improving the compaction properties. Also, the EAFS has significant effect on the strength parameters of the lateritic soil as it increases the shear strength from 551.11KN/m2 at virgin state to 974.44KN/m2 at 16% EAFS. Conclusively, electric arc furnace slag has positive influence on the geotechnical properties of the lateritic soil as it will not only solve the waste disposal problem but can be used as additive to improve the engineering properties of lateritic soil.


Objective:To establish a high performance liquid chromatagraph(HPLC) method for the determination of piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium(4∶1) for injection and its related substances.Methods:The chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenex C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)with mobile phases constisted of methanol-water10% tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution(adjust pH to 3.5 with phosphoric acid)(600:400:20) and the flow rate at 0.8 ml/min.The detection wavelength was 230 nm.The column temperature was 25℃ and the sample size was 20 μl.Results:The average contents of the largest single impurity and the total impurities in six batches of samples was 0.746% and 2.842%,respectively.The linearity ranges of piperacillin and tazobactam were 53.92-215.70 μg/ml(r=0.999 9)and 12.7250.86 μg/ml(r=0.999 8),respectively.The average recovery were 99.9%(RSD=0.51%) and 99.8%(RSD=0.40%),respectively.Conclusion:The method is sensitive,rapid,accurate,and suitable for the quality control of piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium(4∶1) for injection.


The display size and processor capacity of future mobile communicators along with data transmission capacity based on GPRS should provide tools for application builders to make new graphic applications, which are for example based on location data presented by maps, air photos etc. For application designers, service providers, network operators and finally consumers there are several unknown issues in this scenario. The purpose of this study is to present information about this context; especially about the wireless data transmission and its potential possibilities when implemented along the current GSM voice call services.


Reports on the problems and issues concerning the ability to retain and encourage women to enter and build careers in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields.


The dynamic characteristics of an accelerometer's shell is analyzed. To avoid resonance and subsequent failure, the shell's natural frequencies and harmonic response are important considerations in structure optimization, for they significantly influence the performance of the sensors. The finite element analysis software ANSYS was applied to get the vibration characteristics of the shell based on the theory of dynamic analysis. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the shell's first six modes were calculated by modal analysis. Also, harmonic response analysis of the shell was carried out by the simulation. Thus, the interaction between the shell's behavior and outside excitation can be predicted, and various design options of the shell can be evaluated in the design period.


The article below studies various functions of allusive proper names (APNs) in shaping the shared background knowledge of the addressee. Knowledge is a purposeful activity of the intellect aimed at understanding reality. The shared background knowledge of a representative of a given linguocultural community shows his or her abstract model of the world around with an accent on the most important concepts creating ethnic frames. The shared background knowledge carried by APNs enters such oppositions as «national::global», «ordinary reader::erudite reader», «communicatively tense text::communicatively neutral text», «complete knowledge::incomplete knowledge» etc., as well as facilitates the discursive portraits of fictional characters.


Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Disease (E.V., A.M.) and Department of Pharmacological Sciences (A.S.), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo" and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine (S.C., C.C., E.M.), University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; and Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (A.K.), Institut Clinique de la Souris, Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France


SUMMARY. Undescended testicle is the termapplied to a group of congenital conditionswhichbytheir natureshould bedetected at birth.A study of the identification and treatment ofcases of undescended testicle in one health dis-trict was undertaken through examination ofhospital records. Altogether, only one in fivecases of undescendedtesticle had beendetectedat birth. The main agents responsible for thedetection and referral of cases were the schoolmedical services and general practitioners. Anaverage of 42 per cent of these boys had beenseen as inpatients or outpatients by either sur-geons or paediatricians before the diagnosis ofundescendedtesticlewasmade.This impliesthatneonatal examination is inadequate or that un-necessary operations are being performed, orthat there is a different aetiology to the con-dition.Introduction THE mechanism oftesticular descent is not satisfac- torily elucidated, but possibly occurs as a combi- nation of intra-abdominal pressure and a relative lack ofgrowth ofthe gubernaculum


Protocol for micropropagation of Gladiolus grandiflora, an economically important horticultural crop has been developed using aseptically grown cormel slices as explants. Better proliferation and multiplication of calli were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 NAA and 1.0 mgl-1 BAP. Regenerable calli were formed from the basal region of in vitro cultured cormel slices in approximately three weeks after explants were placed on callus induction medium. For most prolific shoot induction one gram (fresh weight) of callus was placed on shoot induction medium containing MS basal salt and 0.5 mgl-1 BAP. Shoot formation occurred one month after inoculation of callus on shoot induction medium. The standardized regeneration protocol will help to impart desirable traits in Gladiolus cultivar 'Snow Princess' for further transformation and genetic modification.


Quality of service (QoS) routing algorithms have become the focus of recent research due to their potential for increasing the utilization of an integrated services packet network (ISPN) that handles requests with QoS requirements. While heuristics for determining paths for such requests have been formulated for a variety of QoS models, little attention has been given to the overall processing complexity of the QoS routing architecture. Although on demand path computation is very attractive due to its simplicity, many believe that its processing cost will be prohibitive in environments with high request rates. In this work, we first characterize the processing cost of QoS routing algorithms that use the constrained widest-shortest path heuristic to compute QoS paths in a link state based routing environment. By simulating a variety of realistic traffic conditions we investigate the effectiveness of path pre-computation in reducing the amount of routing protocol computation. We mainly want to determine how much reduction in routing processing cost is possible before the routing performance becomes unacceptably low. Our results show that path pre-computation can significantly reduce the processing cost of on-demand path computation but with a proportional routing performance loss.


ABSTRACT Several scholars have, over the years, written about their experiences of the pathway of PhD by publication (PBP). However, little is known about why African doctoral students pursue PBP and their experiences . In this article, we adopt collaborative autoethnography to document our experiences and motivation for choosing the PBP pathway. Based on our experiences, the choice of PBP is primarily influenced by the candidate's previous research experience and the requirements/practices of the university. The common motivation among African doctoral students is the quest to acquire the requisite research skills and training in journal article publishing and the determination to catch-up in the knowledge economy through the production of high-quality scientific publication. Everyday experiences of PBP are shaped by university expectations, scholarly writing skills, institutional, supervisory and external support systems, research training and resilience. This study concludes by highlighting the positive implications of PBP for educational and socio-economic development in Africa and the world, more generally. It is recommended that journals develop scholar development programs to enable their editors to provide individualized support to PhD students, especially those pursuing PBP.


The present article reports on an experimental and numerical study of heat and mass transfer during the charging process of a composite bed of silica-gel particles and macro-encapsulated phase change materials (EPCM). The test facility utilizes a forced convection humid air flow to pass through an initially dry composite desiccant porous bed. Mathematical modelling includes the coupled non-equilibrium heat and moisture transfer in the solid and gas phases. As compared to silica-gel simple beds, relatively lower bed temperatures and slightly higher moisture content of the exit air stream are observed while using EPCM particles in the solid desiccant. Desiccant cooling systems with less sensible heating and higher cooling capacity can be obtained by employing EPCM in the dehumidifier. The moisture removal capacity increases with the decrease of particle diameter. Comparisons with the experimental results show that the present numerical model resolves the important features of the adsorption process. Accurate estimation of local heat and mass transfer rates in the heterogeneous porous bed represents an essential element for correct mathematical modelling.


The relevance of the problem of the gear tooth action in a plane synthesis based on the criterion of tooth profile wheel group curvature is justified. Based on a mathematical model of gear tooth action in a plane with a constant angular speed ratio, an algorithm for solving the problem with a given constant curvature is given. The obtained solutions allow us to perform an analysis of the general type of lantern gear in a plane.


We fabricated flexible ZnO-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) at room temperature and characterized the TFTs. ZnO films were deposited on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). We succeeded in fabricating ZnO TFTs on PEN substrates. A 4-μm-long gate device had a transconductance of 21.5 mS/mm and an on/off ratio of 1.4×107. The ZnO TFTs operated even at a bending radius of 10 mm without any significant change in their operation characteristics.


ABSTRACT This opinion paper presents some observations on underlying complexities impacting organizations and societies due to Covid-19, and significant increase in the use of advanced IS/IT. Through the lens of current pandemic – the impact of Covid-19 and use of advanced IS/IT in avoiding loss of productivity, disruption in business operations and destruction as a whole, is studied. These observations offer timely insights on several topics, identifying key issues and recommendations for research and practice.


The effect of temperature on the stability of the Varian V‐4300–2 NMR spectrometer has been investigated. The spectrometer was most sensitive to changes in room‐air temperature. A change of 0.3°C per minute caused a spectrometer drift of about 20 cps per minute. A change of 0.1°C per minute in temperature of magnet cooling water caused a spectrometer drift of 1 cps per minute. Enclosing the magnet served to minimize effects of air temperature changes but amplified the effects of water temperature changes. Satisfactory control was attained by running the refrigeration units continuously and regulating the temperatures by controlling the suction pressure on the evaporators. Under these conditions spectra were reproducible to within ½ cps.


One of success indicators in a company in developing their business is the
presence of high disciplin in their workers. Work disciplin can be influenced by many
factors, one of them is self-management. This research aimed at knowing: a) the
correlation between self-management and work disciplin; b) the levels of selfmanagement
and work discipline; c) The effective contributions of self-management on
work discipline. The hypothesis proposed was: there was a positive correlation between
self-management and work disciplin. The higher of the self-management, the higher of
the work discipline was. In contrary, the lower of the self-management, the lower of the
work discipline was.The subjects of research were workers of Fishing and Marine
Department of Kendal Regency as many as 45 people. The method of data collection
used the scales of self-management and work discipline.
The results of data analysis used correlation of product moment obtained the
coefficient of correlation as much as 0.629; p = 0.000 (p < 0.01) that meant that there
was a very positively significant correlation between self-management and work
discipline. The higher of the self-management, the higher of the work discipline was, in
contrary, the lower of the self-management, the lower of the work discipline was. The
contribution of self-management on work discipline was as much as 39.6%, therefore,
there was still 60.4 of the factors influencing the work discipline outside the selfmanagement
variable.
Based on the results of the categorization counting, it was known that the selfmanagement
of the research subjects was categorized as high, showed by the empirical
mean as much as 109.42 and hypothetical mean as much as 95. The work discipline of
the research subjects was categorized as high, showed by the empirical mean as much as
139.07 and hypothetical mean as much as 120.
Keywords: self-management, work discipline.


PKI: The OSI of a new generation Certificate Structure Usually either the subject name or the issuer + serial number identify the certificate Validity field indicates when certificate renewal fee is due Extra identification information, usage constraints, policies, and general kitchen-sink area


Organic nitrates (RONO2) are an important NOx sink. In warm, rural environments dominated by biogenic emissions, nocturnal NO3‐initiated production of RONO2 is competitive with daytime OH‐initiated RONO2 production. However, in urban areas, OH‐initiated production of RONO2 has been assumed dominant and NO3‐initiated production considered negligible. We show evidence for nighttime RONO2 production similar in magnitude to daytime production during three aircraft campaigns in chemically distinct summertime environments: Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) in the rural Southeastern United States, Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPÉ) in the Colorado Front Range, and Korea‐United States Air Quality Study (KORUS‐AQ) around the megacity of Seoul. During each campaign, morning observations show RONO2 enhancements at constant, near‐background Ox (≡ O3+NO2) concentrations, indicating that the RONO2 are from a non‐photochemical source, whereas afternoon observations show a strong correlation between RONO2 and Ox resulting from photochemical production. We show that there are sufficient precursors for nighttime RONO2 formation during all three campaigns. This evidence impacts our understanding of nighttime NOx chemistry.


This paper evaluates the effectiveness of some of the microfinance lending methodologies using the approach comparing these institutions among themselves in terms of how different lending methodologies influence their performance indicators. The results of this study with respect to different tested hypotheses are somewhat mixed but the general outcome is that rural lending and targeting women borrowers seem to have accomplished the goal whereas the effectiveness of group lending, in contrast to the initial expectation, was not confirmed.


In the present experiments we have investigated the effect of ovariectomy and/or thyroidectomy upon the death rate in rats poisoned with carbon tetrachloride. It was found that the death rate of the ovariectomized rats was lower than that in non-spayed animals. Thyroidectomy also produced a significant decrease in the death rate of the carbon tetrachloride-treated animals. Almost the same results were obtained by thyroidectomy plus ovariectomy. These findings may be explained by assuming that the extirpation of the ovaries and/or the thyroid lessens overburden of the intoxicated liver.


According to the results of soil nutrients from the first national soil testing and formulated fertilization pilot project in Zhaoyuan city,the soil fertility of farmland and orchard were evaluated,and the main factors restraining the yield increase and quality improvement of crop and apple were analyzed.The problems present in fertilization were also found out.And then the countermeasures to reasonable fertilization and soil fertilizing were put forward.


The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is dependent upon the synthesis of TAT for efficient transcriptional activation and replication. Following translocation to the nucleus TAT interacts with a cis-acting TAT-responsive element located between nucleotides +1 and +42 within the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. This region contains an RNA stem loop structure TAR which interacts with TAT and cellular proteins to increase transcription 1000 fold We have transfected human T-lymphocytes with an expression vector containing the HIV-1 LTR driving the synthesis of TAT-72. A stable cell line was generated by selection with G418. Cells were grown on round glass coverslips coated with a solution of fibronectin overnight (at 37 °C). In addition to light microscopy (LM) observations, cells on coverslips were fixed with a 3.5% glutaraldehyde buffered solution (0.1 M Na cacodylate) for 5 min at room temperature and gently centrifliged in a microfuge (400 rpm, 3min) to obtain a cellular pellet.


Proteins destined for import into the nucleus contain nuclear localization signals (NLSs) that are recognized by import receptors termed karyopherins or importins. Until recently, the only nuclear import sequence that had been well defined and characterized was the classical NLS (cNLS), which is recognized by importin α. However, Chook and coworkers (Lee, B. J., Cansizoglu, A. E., Süel, K. E., Louis, T. H., Zhang, Z., and Chook, Y. M. (2006) Cell 126, 543–558) have provided new insight into nuclear targeting with their identification of a novel NLS, termed the PY-NLS, that is recognized by the human karyopherin β2/transportin (Kapβ2) receptor. Here, we demonstrate that the PY-NLS is conserved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and show for the first time that the PY-NLS is a functional nuclear targeting sequence in vivo. The apparent ortholog of Kapβ2 in yeast, Kap104, has two known cargos, the mRNA-binding proteins Hrp1 and Nab2, which both contain putative PY-NLS-like sequences. We find that the PY-NLS-like sequence within Hrp1, which closely matches the PY-NLS consensus, is both necessary and sufficient for nuclear import and is also required for receptor binding and protein function. In contrast, the PY-NLS-like sequences in Nab2, which vary from the PY-NLS consensus, are not required for proper import or protein function, suggesting that Kap104 may interact with different cargos using multiple mechanisms. Dissection of the PY-NLS consensus reveals that the minimal PY-NLS in yeast consists of the C-terminal portion of the human consensus, R/H/KX2–5PY, with upstream basic or hydrophobic residues enhancing the targeting function. Finally, we apply this analysis to a bioinformatic search of the yeast proteome as a preliminary search for new potential Kap104 cargos.


Abstract This paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions and an algorithm for a matrix A ∈ R n × n to be written as A = − D −1 KD , where K is a compartmental matrix and D is positive diagonal. This class of "compartmental related" matrices A is closely related to both M -matrices and Markov chains. The main purpose is to bridge the gap between compartmental models and other models, some arising in economics, without the preservation of mass property.


The present review encompasses approximately twenty years of research in computer-based training. This includes the initial development of these training systems based on behavioral principles to more recent efforts that incorporate cognitive approaches to learning. The studies that will be included in this review are organized into three groups or clusters based upon their training application. The three clusters include computer aided instructional systems used in training programs, computer aided instruction supplemented with adjunct modes such as simulation and interactive graphics, and lastly, simulators as computer-based training systems. Following an initial discussion of the foundations of computer assisted training systems in behavioral science, the more recent cognitive approaches to this training area are addressed to identify the system components that determine an effective computerized training program. The research is then evaluated and discussed according to: 1) how the systems are designed; 2) how effective the training systems are in attaining specified learning outcomes; and 3) how methodologically sound the conclusions are. This article concludes with an overall integration of the research on computer-based training, specifically focusing on what kinds of learning are being promoted most efficiently and effectively, and which factors in the systems' designs lead to most direct attainment of training goals.


Methods: Twenty four adult rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group SHAM was given only physiological saline, Group QUER was given Quercetin 50 mg/kg for 15 days, Group RAD was given only irradiation and Group QUER+RAD was given Quercetin 50 mg/ kg then irradiated. 24 hours after the exposure to radiation all rats were euthanized for evaluation of ileum and colon's morphology and biochemical measurements.


This article gives an overview of the 'Varieties of Capitalism' and 'Legal Origins' literature to develop a stylised model of various complementarities between corporate governance and the management of labour, with an emphasis on the role of corporate law and labour law. The authors then apply this model to interrogate the development of Australian labour law and corporate law, and consider whether a case can be made for an Australian exceptionalism.


In this paper, a simplified control algorithm for wind-power battery charger is proposed. The wind-power battery charger is connected to a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind power generation system for converting an unregulated variable frequency AC power into a regulated DC power. In the proposed control algorithm, a feedforward control of output current for PMSG is used to replace the conventional feedback control to control the wind-power battery charger. The feedforward control based wind-power battery charger operates as a virtual resistor connected with PMSG. The proposed control algorithm can avoid the calculation of the reference signal and the design of complicated current controller. Besides, a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is also incorporated in the control algorithm to extract the maximum power of PMSG based wind power generation system. Computer simulation is carried out to verify the performance of the proposed small wind power generation system. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed method is as expected.


The classical optimization criterion used is the signal-to-(quantization) noise ratio (SNR). A general quantization methodology is developed which is based on the optimization of a frequency-weighted SNR: first, a quality criterion based on the weighted SNR is derived from the CCIR (Comite Consultatif International de Radiodiffusion) curves for analog TV: then, a methodology for optimizing the quantization is derived in a general form. >


In this paper, we propose illumination beam shaping using azimuthal Walsh filters derived from azimuthal Walsh functions, in and around the focal plane of a rotationally symmetric imaging system and studied for finding out self-similar groups and sub-groups for different orders to examine self-similarity existing between them and their corresponding transverse intensity distributions at the far-field plane. The unique rotational self-similarities observed in 2D intensity distributions at the transverse far-field plane for adjacent orders of azimuthal Walsh filters are also presented. Practical implementations of these filters are achievable by the availability of high speed spatial light modulators (SLMs) which can be successfully used to code and control illumination in and around the tightly focused field and coupling of light into metamaterials, plasmonic structures and waveguides. Further scope of research is intended to develop a new photonics platform based on dielectric surface wave harvesting model controlled by the dynamically variable illumination using azimuthal Walsh filters. Surface waves such as Bloch Surface Waves (BSW) and Surface Plasmons (SP) can be considered as the future enabling tools using this concept for probable applications in Photonics Research as well as in Industrial sectors, namely, quantum optics, telecom, sensing, computing, security, imaging and medical applications.


The three-dimensional reconstruction of vocal folds in medicine usually involves endoscopy and an approach to extract depth information like structured light or stereo matching of images. The resulting mesh can accurately represent the superior area of the vocal folds, while new approaches also try to reconstruct the inferior area. We propose a novel approach to extract the time-dependent 3D geometry of the vocal fold from optical measurements on both the superior and inferior side, requiring optical measurements only from the superior side. First, a time-dependent, tri-variate surface velocity vector field is reconstructed using a high-speed camera and a laser Doppler vibrometer in an experimental environment. This vector field serves as target in an inverse finite-element simulation that optimizes the forces applied to a deformable vocal fold model such that the resulting movement after FEM simulation matches the velocity observations on the superior side. The required forces for the finite element method simulation are treated as unknowns and are assembled using multiple scalar fields. We use tensor products in B\'ezier Bernstein basis for our scalar fields to reduce the degrees of freedom for our optimization. We use gradient descent to optimize the control points of the force field polynomials. Our utilized error metric for gradient descent consists of two terms. The first term is used to match the simulated velocities to the observed measurements, while the second term measures the silhouette difference between observation and simulation.


A simple and quick method capable of detecting 10~(-9)~10~(-10) mole of monosac-charides as well as the reducing end of oligosaccharide is developed,using 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-aminoazobenzene as a labelling reagent for the aldehyde groups ofsugars in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride.The derivatives thus formed canbe separated by two-dimensional chromatography on polyamide sheets and visualizeddirectly as yellow spots which turn to green and then to violet-blue upon exposure toHCl vapour.Since there is a positive correlation between migration rate andmolecular weight of tagged oligosaccharide,the method can also be used to estimatedegree of polymerization.


Gastric vagal afferent (GVA) sensing of food related mechanical stimuli is a crucial mechanism in the control of feeding behavior and gastric function. Stress is an important factor contributing to eating disorder and gastric diseases. Chronic stress has been shown to increase the mechanosensitivity of GVAs in mice, and reduce food intake and body weight. Whether the mechanosensitivity of GVAs is modulated by stress hormones is not known. This study aimed to determine the effect of stress hormones on GVA mechanosensitivity. The expression of stress hormone receptors in GVA cell bodies was determined in 8 week old male C57BL/6 mice using qRT-PCR combined with laser capture microdissection. The mechanosensitivity of GVAs was determined in the absence and presence of stress hormones using an in vitro single fiber recording preparation. NR3C1 and CRHR2 (mRNA isoforms of glucocorticoid receptor and CRF2 receptor respectively) were expressed in GVA neurons. The glucocorticoid receptor agonist, corticosterone, had no effect on the mechanosensitivity of either tension or mucosal GVAs. Activation of CRF2 receptor by its specific analogue, UCN3, significantly increased the mechanosensitivity of both tension and mucosal GVAs, an effect prevented by the CRF2 receptor antagonist astressin 2B. In conclusion, activation of CRF2 receptor increases the mechanosenstivity of GVAs. This may contribute to the stress and CRF2 receptor associated changes in feeding behavior and gastric function, possibly contributing to the hypersensitivity of GVAs in chronic stress conditions.


Polysaccharides was extracted from peanut meal by ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction,and response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction technics.The effects of four factors on extraction of polysaccharides were investigated.The result showed that the optimum extraction conditions were ultrasonic power 70 W,extraction time 24 min,extraction temperature 71℃,ratio of solvent to material 29∶1.Under these conditions,the yield of polysaccharides was 1.80%.


With the development of Low voltage DC (LVDC) distribution system, the demand of household appliances witnesses continuous growth in a decade. For meeting different requirements, the voltage levels of the appliances become more various, which challenges their integration into the building and increases the design difficulty of a household outlet. Due to most household appliances supplied with DC power, the ideal outlet in the DC household power system should be a DC outlet with multilevel voltage outputs. However, it is not user-friendly for consumers. Moreover, the outlets with high voltage DC output increase the risk of appliance malfunction and electric shock, and the extra DC-DC conversion stages in the multilevel-buses LVDC system also increases the power loss and complicates the wiring topology. A novel design of DC household outlet is proposed in this paper. The proposed DC household outlet can distinguish the operating voltage of the household appliances automatically, and then supply the appropriate operating voltage for appliances. With the embedded DC-DC buck converter, a wide range of output voltage from 5V~400V can be provided by the proposed outlet. For verifying the performance of the proposed DC household outlet, the simulations on the power supply process of smartphone and electric kettle respectively are conducted on Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed outlet topology and control scheme.


This paper presents an explicit equilibrium equation related to a finite element tearing and interconnection method for structural analysis. This method is based on a decomposition of the finite element model into substructures. Using the displacement compatibility at each interface between substructures and modifying the previous results provided by the authors this study determines the equilibrium equation of the global structure with floating substructures as substructures. The new method can explicitly determine the static displacements from the explicit form of equilibrium equation. But, it has a disadvantage not to be able to reduce the global number of degree of freedom due to the calculation of generalized inverse matrix. Also, several applications illustrated the validity and easiness of the proposed method.


The Casimir force arising from quantum fluctuations could become the dominant interaction in silicon micromechanical devices under the appropriate conditions. The measured force is distinct from the pairwise summation of van der Waals forces.


The treatments are much better integrated than is usual with collections of papers by different authors helped, no doubt by the fact that the editors contributed 9 of the 17 papers. This is particularly true of the first two parts of the book where the great bulk of the material is by Cattermole or O'Reilly. Part I is lucid, if succinct. Probability theory is presented in the notation of the Laplace and Fourier transformations which is followed by an account of Markov chains and error bounds. Part 2 is, for me, the most satisfactory section, giving a very clear account of modelling network traffic, traffic overflow and burst errors using the Poisson and interrupted Poisson processes. Parts 3 and 4 mix theory with computational examples of its application. Part 3 begins with a (relatively) long discourse by Professor Cattennole on different treatments of the problem of noise through non-linear devices. Applications cover the computation of inter-modulation products and a treatment by Lever of quantization noise which draws less heavily than is usual on extensive computation. Part 4 addresses the problem of digital line codes. A paper modelling the statistics of these codes is followed by one giving extensive computed results of the power spectral densities of a wide variety of codes. The final paper is an interesting account of the use of Hermite polynomials to give the composite error probability for lSI, crosstalk and echo. This book is intended to serve practising communication engineers and researchers with a stronger than average bias toward mathematics. For them it provides a compact and far-ranging reference. At £26 it seems unlikely that it will reach much beyond this specialist market. A. RYLEY, Department ofPhysics, Mathematics and Computing, Manchester Polytechnic


The lack of a suitable laboratory rodent model for human onchoccrciasis has led research workers to experiment with other members of the genus Onchocerca, in particular with the cattle parasites 0. gutturosa and 0. lienalis. However, renewed interest in these worms has resulted in some controversy regarding their taxonomic status and relationship to one another. cuticular features synonymous


This paper proposes a useful and modern solution for monitoring temperatures and specific losses of crimped connections using a virtual instrument developed in LabVIEW. It is a flexible instrument, which allows user to measure and record values during electrical tests and compare them with references, in order to decide if the tests should continue or not. The proposed solution is very useful not only for the steady state thermal regime but also for transient regime because it can be identified the improper connections before the final electrical machine or equipment assembly. The determination of specific losses implies calculating the initial rate of temperature raise starting from steady state thermal regime equation. A good crimped connection can withstand high levels of temperature and vibration, and it is of paramount importance to detect any failure before final assembly. Therefore, there are two main advantages of using this proposed solution. Firstly, it is a less time-consuming solution for electrical tests in order to detect any improper connections which could affect the electrical machine further operation. Secondly, it is very useful in order to identify those crimped connections that have not been executed correctly before final assembly. In the final part of the paper it was concluded that it will be of significant importance to develop further this virtual instrument in order to provide the user with the possibility of having a graphical representation of the acquired and stored data in real time. It is the case of temperature recorded during electrical tests.


This is the author's fifth revision of a geriatrics bibliography. Approximately one‐third of the previous references have been replaced by more current or more delimited articles. Because the literature pertinent to geriatrics has continued to grow ever more rapidly, it has been necessary to omit many informative articles from the bibliography. Preference is given to recent publications; almost all of the references date from the past four years. Some articles were selected to highlight current controversies or changes in viewpoint.