We show that Dependent Choice is a sufficient choice principle for developing the basic theory of proper forcing, and for deriving generic absoluteness for the Chang model in the presence of large cardinals, even with respect to DC-preserving symmetric submodels of forcing extensions. Hence, ZF+DC not only provides the right framework for developing classical analysis, but is also the right base theory over which to safeguard truth in analysis from the independence phenomenon in the presence of large cardinals. We also investigate some basic consequences of the Proper Forcing Axiom in ZF, and formulate a natural question about the generic absoluteness of the Proper Forcing Axiom in ZF + DC and ZFC. Our results confirm ZF + DC as a natural foundation for a significant portion of "classical mathematics" and provide support to the idea of this theory being also a natural foundation for a large


|We compute the capacity of wireless Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based spatial multiplexing systems in delay spread environments. Introducing an abstract model to characterize the statistical properties of the space-time channel, we provide Monte-Carlo methods for estimating the capacity cumulative distribution function, expected capacity, and outage capacity of the OFDM-based spatial multiplexing system for the case where the channel is unknown at the transmitter and perfectly known at the receiver. We provide bounds on capacity, and we study the in uence of physical parameters such as the amount of delay spread, angles of arrival, scattering radius, and line-of-sight component, and system parameters such as the number of antennas and antenna spacing on capacity. Applying our methods to spatial versions of the standard channels taken from the GSM recommendations allows us to make statements about achievable data rates of OFDM-based spatial multiplexing systems in practical broadband propagation environments.


In this study, the wettability of liquid metals on clean solid surface is investigated by ab initio molecular orbital calculations. The two-atom and the cluster-adatom model calculations are performed in order to yield a fundamental interpretation of wetting. Molecular orbitals and total energy in the most stable state are obtained by the restricted open-shell Hartree-Fock (ROHF) method. Calculated binding energies are qualitatively in good agreement with the interaction energies estimated from measured contact angles. Consequently, it is found that wettability is fundamentally determined by the binding energy between the atoms of liquid metal and substrate surfaces.


The internal deformation within debris flows holds essential information on dynamics and flow resistance of such mass‐wasting processes. Systematic measurements of velocity profiles in real‐scale debris flows are not yet available. Additionally, data on basal stresses of the solid and the fluid phase are rare. Here, we present and analyse measurements of vertical velocity profiles in two debris flows naturally occurring in the Gadria Creek, Italy. The method is based on cross‐correlation of paired conductivity signals from an array of sensors installed on a fin‐shaped wall located in the middle of the channel. Additionally, we measure normal stress and pore fluid pressure by two force plates with integrated pressure transducers. We find internal deformation throughout the flows. Only at the very front was some en‐bloc movement observed. Velocity profiles varied from front to tail and between flows. For one debris flow, pore fluid pressure close to normal stress was measured, whereas the other flow was less liquefied. The median shear rates were mostly less than 5 s−1 and Savage numbers at the basal layer ranged from 0.01 to 1. Our results highlight the variable nature of debris flows and provide quantitative data on shear rate and basal stress distribution to help guide model development for hazard assessment and landscape evolution. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


In Hong Kong, the repair, maintenance, alteration and addition (RMAA) sector becomes a more significant component of the construction industry with the implementation of the Mandatory Building Inspection Scheme (MBIS) by the Hong Kong SAR Government. Around 2,000 buildings would be targeted each year under the MBIS and it is expected that the volume of RMAA works will continue to increase. The public consultation paper issued by the then Housing, Planning and Lands Bureau (2006) indicates that the number of private buildings over 30 years' old in Hong Kong will rise to 22,000 by 2018. The condition of buildings becomes dilapidated as building age increases. Electrical and Mechanical (E&M) installations play an important role and involve a large number of practitioners. Among different types of accident, fall of persons from height and electrocution are the top two E&M works' killers. The safety of E&M work has not received sufficient attention. Only a very limited amount of safety research on E&M works especially in the RMAA sector has taken place. This study aims to reveal the causes of accidents on E&M works in the RMAA sector and provide recommendations to improve the safety and health of E&M practitioners. The significance of the study lies in providing a thorough E&M accident analysis in the RMAA sector, for the first time. A systematic approach with multidisciplinary inputs will lead to the identification of the causes of accidents and the formulation of holistic and practical measures for preventing accidents on E&M related RMAA works.


This fairly large and comprehensive book presents what may be called a binocular view of Women's reproductive health. Both sociology of health care and biomedical technology involved are visible together. This stands out as a special feature of the book because generally authors see the whole problem of women's health either as a medical or a social issue alone, producing an incomplete and often a distorted picture.


First, many thanks to Barry for his comments and for the critical questions, which I found helpful in explaining and reaning the arguments launched in my book. I also beneated from other papers and discussion at the conference, and refer to some of the points in this revised version of my response to Barry. With the main thrust of Barry's argument, I agree: the current interest in the history of technoscience, variously deaned, is to be explained in part by the present positions and perspectives of historians and sociologists of science, technology and medicine (of STM, for short). My own approach, exempliaed in my Ways of Knowing book (Pickstone 2000), is certainly conditioned by my having worked from the mid 70s as a historian of medicine, interested in medical practice (which could be called technology, though it wasn't) as well as "medical science" (which is an actor's term—with many meanings). It also derives from my historical research on the STM of the industrial revolution, especially on Manchester, where actors' science-technology distinctions were historically weak, and where our historical research interests usually ran across S T and M; and from my current interests in recent medicine, including its industrialisation. To these historical interests and orientations, one might add a long-standing interest in historical sociology of STM, and an informal political concern with the governance and ideologies of recent medicine and of the academe. With this background, and having run a Centre of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine (CHSTM) in Manchester University, I wanted to explore, on a grand scale, whether it was possible to write the histories of non-medical sciences and technologies in ways which undoubtedly work for the history of medicine, past and present.


Conference Papers based on the ICOEO Conference held in Chengdu, China 2020 One of the main objectives of the ICOEO-2020 (International Congress on Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics 2020) is to provide a forum for the discussion of a wide range of topics in modern optical, electronical engineering research focusing on modelling, theory, experiments and applications. ICOEO-2020 was held between the 4th Nov and 6th Nov in the historic City of Chengdu. It attracted more than 200 participants and over 70 speakers, with China, Germany and South Korea representing and heading the list of papers presented at the meeting. The topics covered in ICOEO-2020 included Superconductor Materials, Semiconductor Materials and Technology, Electronic and Optical Materials, Optoelectronic Technology, Magnetic Materials, Thin Films, Laser Technology, Sensor, Terahertz Technology, Communication, Health Care, Solar Cell, Piezoelectrics, Ferroelectrics and Pyroelectrics Materials and Technology. 12 early career scientists delivered their talks at Young Scientists Forum, 3 more young authors contributed papers for this conference proceedings. I was the Honorary Chair of the ICOEO-2020 and gave a welcome speech to the audience, who attended the conference by online system because of epidemic of COVID-19. ICOEO-2020 invited six distinguished experts at Keynote Forum on the first day of the conference: • Dr. Mohamad Sawan of Westlake University, China gave a presentation on Biodevices for the Diagnostic and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases • Dr. Hong Gao of Xi'an Jiaotong University, presented a lecture entitled Highly-efficient Quantum Memory for Quantum Qubits Encoded with Photon's Orbital Angular Momentum • Dr. Chaoyuan Jin of Zhejiang University, he is also the moderator of ICOEO-2020 Keynote Forum, he presented a lecture dealing with Laser Interference for Nano-material Growth and Micro-cavity Lasers • Dr. Wenbin Dou of Southeast University, China delivered a presentation on Power Combining at Terahertz Bands--A New Approach • Dr. Naosheng Qiao of Hunan University of Arts and Sciences, China gave a presentation on Dual-frequency Fringe Projection for Three-dimensional Shape Measurement Based on Correction of Gamma Nonlinearity • Dr. Dieter Bimberg of CIOMP and Technical University of Berlin, presented a lecture on Green Internet and Data Communication The present volume is a compilation of the papers presented at the ICOEO-2020 and prepared from the final papers submitted by the authors. It is hoped that this initiative will lead to other successful international meetings that will form the venue for discussion of the recent advances in optical, electronical science and engineering. list of program committee and scientific advisory board members are avalible in the pdf.


The present article aims to forecast streamflow by using artificial neural networks (ANNs), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and autoregressive moving average (ARMA). For this purpose, the daily streamflow time series of two hydrometry stations of Hajighoshan and Tamar on Gorgan River are used for two periods of 1983–2007 and 1974–2007, respectively. Root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R) statistics are employed to evaluate the performance of the ANNs, ANFIS, and ARMA models for forecasting streamflow (1 day ahead). Comparison of the results reveals that the ANFIS model outperforms the ARMA model. Based on the results of validation stage, for the forecasting 1 day ahead streamflow, ANN with RMSE = 0.028 m3/s and R = 0.59 for the Hajighoshan station and RMSE = 0.013 m3/s and R = 0.44 for the Tamar station were found to be superior to the ANFIS with RMSE = 1.98 m3/s and R = 0.42 for the Hajighoshan station and RMSE = 2.18 m3/s and R = 0.22 for the Tamar station. In addit...


This paper proposes new estimators for panel autoregressive (PAR) models with short time dimensions (T ) and large cross sections. These estimators are based on the cross-sectional regression model using the first time series observations as a regressor and the last as a dependent variable. The regressors and errors of this regression model are correlated. The first estimator is the quasi maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE). The second estimator is the indirect inference estimator (IIE) that attempts to remove the finite-sample bias of the QMLE. The third estimator is the bias-corrected pooled least squares estimator (BCPLSE) that eliminates the asymptotic bias of the pooled least squares estimator by using the QMLE. The QMLE, IIE and BCPLSE are extended to the PAR model with endogenous regressors. The QMLE, IIE and BCPLSE provide consistent estimates of the PAR coeffi cients for stationary, unit root and explosive PAR models, estimate the coeffi cients of endogenous regressors consistently and can be computed as long as T ≥ 2. Their finite sample properties are compared with those of some other estimators for the PAR model of order 1. The estimators of this paper are shown to perform quite well in finite samples.


The interaction of producers and consumers is determined by various factors, but is primarily due to changes in the development of the economy and society. In terms of the car industry, it is of strategic importance to the global economy, playing a key role in terms of growth, exports, innovation and employment. The sector records the most pri-vate investment in research and innovation and is a key factor for technological innovation and is also an important growth multiplier, due to strong trade links with several industrial sectors. This is the main scope of this article to show that everything is connected.


A diamond film with more than 500 μm thickness is gown by using the technique of DC arc plasma jet on Mo spherical substrate of 65 mm in bottom diameter and 5 mm height.The diamond film radial thickness is measured by a micrometer,the surface morphology is detected by SEM,the surface purity is measured by Raman spectrometer and the Raman peak distribution is analyzed as well as the purity uniformity is determined by the skill of SEM morphology.The results show that in the optimization of conditions,the translucent free-standing diamond films with uniformity of both thickness and purity can be grown on the Mo spherical substrate by using the technique of DC arc plasma jet.


Background: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma is rare in children and adolescents. However, despite the good prognosis, it usually displays its presentation in a more aggressive behavior when compared to the adult population, with the presence of tumor invasion, multifocality, locoregional and distant metastases. Objective: To describe the clinicopathological aspects of pediatric patients (≤ 14 years old) diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma in a reference healthcare service in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Methodology: The medical records were reviewed of nine patients who underwent thyroidectomy at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery at the Hospital Sao Rafael, 2003-2009. Results: The age at diagnosis ranged from 11 to 14 years. There was a female predominance (2:1). Two patients had a family history of thyroid cancer (22.2%). Thyroid nodule was the most frequent initial manifestation (44.4%). All patients underwent total thyroidectomy. There was involvement of cervical lymph nodes in six patients (66.6%). Mean tumor size was 26.3 mm. All patients who underwent anatomopathological exam had papillary thyroid carcinoma, being the classical form the predominant histological subtype. Bilateral tumors were observed in four patients (44.4%) and only two showed extrathyroidal extension (22.2%). The presence of lung metastases was observed in three patients (33.3%). One patient experienced a recurrence. Conclusion: The findings suggest that pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma have a more aggressive initial presentation, with the presence of lymph node and distant metastases. A more radical surgical approach is indicated for the primary treatment of thyroid cancer in children.


Digital herbarium database includes virtual images of plant specimens in digital format. This form of digital database herbarium is quite different from the traditional herbarium. In this form, the herbarium data is stored and made available to the taxonomists electronically.The modern database includes the actual herbarium specimens as digital images with all relevant informations available on the herbarium sheet label.The study of digital herbarium database reduces the time and efforts required for collection, identification and study of plants. This form of Floweringoral study reduces the cost of large herbarium maintenance. Very large information of plants can be stored in a small space. Digitization replaces the loan methods of herbarium from one institute to another for researches.Digital herbarium database is helpful in maintaining the wealth of plants. Digitized Floweringora can be represented in a compact form, this is very useful for use of forest department, ecological workers and for institutions carrying plant researches in all disciplines. The digital form of Floweringora is very useful as corrections and modifications can be made from time to time as Floweringora is never constant and undergoes changes over a period of time. The stretches of the Upper Ganges Canal is called Khadar. The present paper deals with some rainy season weeds of Khadar area of Hastinapur , district – Meerut (UP), India.


The distributions of salinity, clissolvccl oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, and silicate in the Costa Rica Dome arc described from data collected during the Costa Rica Dome cruise Novcmbcr-Dccembcr 1959. The dome is an arca where nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor water is brought to the surface by upwelling. The ratios of change of oxygen, phosphate, and nitrate arc computed statistically from the observed data to 1,100 m depth. A simple mixing model is used to explain the obscrvcd vertical distribution of oxygen above 65 m when allowances are made for photosynthetic oxygen production. The contributions of oxygen From various sources arc estimatccl by use of the model. A similar model is used to compute the ratios in which nutrients arc assimilated by phytoplankton.


This paper examines the impact of risk heterogeneity and asymmetric information on mutual risk-sharing agreements. It displays the optimal incentive compatible sharing rule in a simple two-agent model with two levels of risk. When individual risk is public information, equal sharing of wealth is not achievable when risk heterogeneity is too large or when risk aversion is too low. However the mutualization principle still holds as agents only bear aggregate risk. This result no longer holds when risk is private information. Moreover, the asymmetry of information (i) makes equal sharing unsustainable when both individuals are low risk types (ii) induces some exchanges when agents have the same level of initial wealth and (iii) induces changes in the direction of transfer with respect to the complete information benchmark in some states of nature when risk types are independent and absolute risk aversion is decreasing and convex.


The surface metal temperature on the first row cooled buckets varies along the height of a bucket and among the buckets in a row. Two first-row GT 29+ coated buckets, from the same turbine, have been investigated for in-service material and coating degradation variation. The results showed that the γ′ particles were coarser and the width of the interdiffusion zone below the CoCrAlY coating was wider in one bucket than the other, indicating that the former bucket had seen higher metal temperature than the latter. Fewer uncertainties are associated with interdiffusion zone width measurements, and the change in zone width can be used to develop a time-temperature correlation for the subject bucket material and coating system. The uncertainties associated with γ′ particle measurements for time temperature correlation are discussed.Copyright © 1998 by ASME


The development of technology has made it easier for human activities and almost all people have cell phones. So that cell phones become an important tool in communicating for most people, especially SMS. The number of incoming messages may make it impossible to classify spam SMS manually. For this reason, SMS spam classification is carried out using classification techniques in data mining. The number of algorithms available allows us to use one of them as the best algorithm for the classification of SMS spam. For this reason, several classification algorithms were tested with the SMS dataset, namely the Naïve Bayes algorithm, Decision Tree and SVM. From the results of the test analysis, it was found that the Naïve Bayes algorithm has a better ability than the SVM algorithm and Decision Tree. Because the recall value of the Naïve Bayes algorithm is 0.93 in the fraud SMS class and 0.92 in the promo SMS class, while the Naïve Bayes algorithm's f1-score is higher than other algorithms and the accuracy Naïve Bayes value is 0.94.


This work appraises Employees' Perception of customer relationship management in the EBanking servicesusing the banks namely: State Bank of India (Srirangam Branch, Tiruchirappalli) and ICICI (SrirangamBranch, Tiruchirappalli)Customerrelationship management effect on E-Banking products, services and improve the working environment of Bank employees.. Survey research design was applied in which structuredquestionnaire was used to generate primary data from among the two banks examined while secondary datawere collected from the articles, books and the relating website of the banks. A sample size of 20 junior, middleand senior managers from each of the banks were given questionnaire instrument for completion. It was discovered that customerrelationship management impact on the two banks.Therefore, it was suggested that banks should intensify efforts in theircustomer relationship efforts and back it up with up to date information and communication technology.


In present work, thermal power plant ash and sugar cane bagasse fly ash were used as an adsorbent for CO2 adsorption on continuous basis. Maximum adsorption capacity of the thermal power plant ash and sugar cane bagasse fly ash were found to be 13.39 mmol/g, 33.48 mmol/g, respectively at flow rate of 75 mL/min. at atmospheric pressure and temperature.


We provide a scheme for determining which global variables are involved when an expression is evaluated in a language with higher order constructs and imperative features. The heart of our scheme is a mechanism for computing the support of an expression, i.e. the set of global variables involved in its evaluation. This computation requires knowledge of all the aliases of an expression. The inference schemes are presented as abstract semantic interpretations. We prove the soundness of our estimates by establishing a correspondence between the abstract semantics and the standard semantics of the programming language.


The climate system integrates internally and externally induced variability at various time scales as a result of interactions between the ocean and atmosphere. The influence of external forcing on the climate system and with it the structural changes of climate variability, in particular on seasonal and longer time-scales, is difficult to examine due to high natural variability and short observational records. The interplay between high and low-frequency variability restricts our understanding of the full range of climate variability and our ability to contextualise changes. This thesis explores and evaluates the potential to use seasonal paleoclimate information to advance our knowledge of natural climate variability and the multi-century context of recent changes in the Australasian and tropical Pacific region.

Climate modes of variability including the El Nino -Southern Oscillation influence Australian rainfall and make Australian rainfall highly variable at interannual timescales. Multi-century reconstructions of past climate variability are developed for Australian rainfall at bi-seasonal resolution. The rainfall reconstruction is based on local paleoclimate proxies and teleconnected links between remote paleoclimate proxies, climate modes of variability and Australian rainfall. In a multi-century context, the recent drying trends in parts of southern Australia, as well as the tendency towards wetter conditions in northern Australia, are found to be unusual. The cool and warm season rainfall reconstructions allow the documentation of distinct characteristics of past major droughts in terms of their spatial extent, duration, intensity, and seasonality.

Using coral data at seasonal resolution, two El Nino index reconstructions illustrate the sequence of diversity of past eastern and central Pacific El Nino events for the last 400 years. The distinct spatio-temporal signatures of both types of El Nino are exploited, and together with a novel machine learning approach, the diversity of past El Nino events is reconstructed and compared to recent changes. The recent increase in the frequency of central Pacific El Nino events relative to eastern Pacific El Nino events during the late 20th century appears unusual. The most recent 30-year period includes more intense eastern Pacific events compared to the past four centuries.

To further investigate the changes and interactions between Australian rainfall and El Nino diversity, observations and climate model simulations are compared to the multi-century reconstructions. A number of climate models taking part in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are identified that simulate spatially distinct El Nino behaviour. Identification of El Nino events reveals a lack of model agreement about projected changes of El Nino diversity. The probability of infrequent El Nino characteristics is evaluated and point towards an under-representation of central Pacific events that are followed by eastern Pacific events in the observational records. Future simulations in climate models indicate that this El Nino transition as observed most recently in 2014-2016, could become less common. Based on the rainfall and El Nino reconstructions, the general drying impacts of El Nino is consistent for both types. Despite the strength asymmetry between eastern and central Pacific El Nino events, the impact on Australian rainfall is of a similar order of magnitude but also highlights a strong variable nature of the different types of El Nino and Australian hydroclimate. The context of recent changes provided by the reconstructions in this thesis advances our knowledge of natural climate variability in the Australasian and tropical Pacific region and offers new insights into the future climate of the region.


In the robotics and automobile sector, the need of a linear frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based proximity sensor has arisen for detecting the near and far-field range targets. Due to this, there is a requirement of a reliable and low cost range calibration system for the proximity sensors. In the vehicle, these sensors are primarily used to avoid collision. This paper presents the design of the FMCW radar simulator for range calibration. In the simulator, different range delay co-axial cables are used as a target range. As per the design proposed in this paper, a prototype simulator for field calibration has been fabricated. The results obtained during the simulator's experimental analysis are satisfactory and presented in the paper.


Journals treat information in a peculiar manner. Now, online publishing is forcing rapid mutation of the journal's inherently volatile genetic code. This paper proposes a sequence of mutation, and discusses the evolutionary forces at work and how publishers can themselves adapt when faced with mutant journals.


Seldom does a day pass without hearing some form of an idiom expressing how small the world has become. The word globalization rolls fluidly off our tongues and Americans are bombarded by news from countries inhabited by people with customs and beliefs with which they have no prior knowledge. It is evident that the need for learning of other people and their ways are essential—not to change or convert them—but to understand and help them provide for their own needs. This requires consideration for the context of "the other" and working to bring out the ability of "the other" to experience the world on their terms and change at their pace. Learning a second language is a first measure in understanding others; however it does not guarantee an intimate knowledge of another culture. Language and culture are inextricably linked and any attempt to learn one without the other is perhaps akin to learning to read, but not to write. Many of the modern language schools have begun to include cultural components in their language classes. These components are usually very superficial, mere tips of the cultural iceberg (Weaver, 1998) that are vaster and deeper than one can view. In general, Americans and to some extent Europeans, assume cultural similarity (Stewart & Bennett, 1991) and fail to recognize the deeper, more significant part of cultures as it is usually hidden and resides in culturally embedded patterns. The patterns are generally conditioned responses, beliefs, values, and preferences hinged to unique world views peculiar to that particular region of the world. For instance, it does little good for a language learner to know when to greet people appropriately with words and a


Introduction: This study investigates unexplained infertile women with or without chronic endometritis (CE) and examines the prevalence of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in this population.
Material and Method: This study was done with a cross-sectional and retrospective method. The prevalence of HPV infection and related cases in the participants were examined. In this study, 15 infertile women with CE and 64 infertile women without CE were and analyzed from four perspectives: negative HPV, low-risk HPV, probable high-risk HPV, and the presence of high-risk HPV.
Results: The participants have mean age of 32.89 years ±3.95. High-risk HPV infection was detected in 3 (20%) and 11 (17%) of the patients with and without CE, respectively (p>0.05). The negative HPV (2 (13%) and 17 (26%)), low-risk HPV (3 (20%) and 20 (31%)), and probable high-risk HPV (7 (46%) and 16 (25%)) in infertile women with CE and infertile women had no significantly different prevalence (p>0.05). The two studied groups had no significantly different mean age, body mass index (BMI), and Infertility duration were not in (P=0.08, P=0.932, and P=0.283, respectively).
Conclusion: HPV has no significantly different prevalence in unexplained infertile women with and without CE. It is recommended that this study be repeated with more unexplained infertile women with CE.


Objectives: The objective of the current study is to investigate and compare the color masking of WSLs treated by (ICON) resin infiltrate and fluoride releasing sealant (PROSEAL) using photographic assessment. Patients and Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that included a total of 36 children who were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department – Faculty of Dentistry Ain-Shams University. Children having white spot lesions were randomly allocated in either the ICON (Group A) or the PROSEAL (Group B). The assigned material was then applied to the lesions and the color change was measured immediately (A1) and on follow-up intervals of 3 (A2) and 6 months (A3), using digital photographic assessment. Results: The color difference (ΔE) of WSLs in (group A) showed a significant difference between the pretreatment measurement and all the subsequent measurements. However the ΔE wasn't significantly different between (A1) and (A 2) or (A3). Conversely, different follow-up intervals in (group B) were found to be significantly different from each other. Color assessment after 6 months showed that (group A) had a higher percentage of completely masked lesions compared to (group B), however the difference between the two groups wasn't statistically significant. Conclusions: Both ICON and PROSEAL were successful in masking of WSLs in primary teeth. ICON infiltrant, however showed immediate masking effect. On the other hand, PROSEAL displayed slow progressive improvement in the appearance of WSLs, and it achieved a proper masking effect in 6 months..


Ynamides are fascinating small molecules with complementary reactivities under radical, ionic and metal-catalyzed conditions. We report herein synthetic and DFT investigations of palladium-catalyzed ligand-controlled regiodivergent hydrometallation reactions of ynamides. Germylated and stannylated enamides are obtained with excellent α,E- or β,E-selectivities and a broad functional group tolerance. Such a regiodivergent palladium-catalyzed process is unique in ynamide chemistry and allows the elaboration of metallated-enamides that are very useful building blocks for cross-coupling reactions or heterocyclic chemistry. DFT calculations fully support the experimental data and demonstrate the crucial roles of the trans-geometry of the [H-Pd(L)-Ge] complex, as well as of the steric requirements of the phosphine ligand. In addition, these calculations support the prevalence of a hydro-palladation pathway over a metal-palladation of the π system of the ynamide.


Background: Quarantine is a state of enforced isolation of people with exposure to a contagious disease to prevent the spread of illness. Quarantine and isolation have been used as disease containment measures more recently in COVID-19, in this review we aimed to present the impact of quarantine on mental health of children and adolescents, and proposes measures to improve psychological outcomes of isolation, Summary: Overall, this review suggests that quarantine is associated with far reaching and significant negative impact on psychological wellbeing of children and adolescents. Of more concern is the finding that this negative psychological effect can still be detected months or years later. Stigma has also been rife in children and families who underwent quarantine. As quarantine is essential to contain diseases in many cases, it is important that steps and measures are taken to make this experience less traumatic for vulnerable young people. These strategies may ensure that the physical and mental health impact of quarantine on children and adolescents are kept minimal. Further research to examine long term impact of quarantine and prolonged school closures on children are urgently needed to guide policies.


This thesis examines signal modeling techniques and their application to ambient ocean noise for purposes of noise removal and for generating realistic synthetic noise to add to synthetically generated transient signals. Higher order statistics of the noise are examined to test for Gaussianity. Stochastic approaches to AR, MA, and ARMA modeling are compared to see which technique yields the "best" synthetic noise. Results from the modeling process are used to develop a short-time Wiener filter which can be used to condition a real signal for further processing through effective noise removal. Accesion For NTIS CRA&I DTIC TAB Unannounced 1 Justification By .................. Distribution I Availability Codes Avail and I or Dist Special


Knee arthroplasty typically relieves pain and restores function, but dissatisfaction and early revision occur at a frequency that places a significant burden on patients and the health care system. A new generation of computer and robotic systems has been developed to help orthopaedic surgeons enhance precision and accuracy, with the hope of making outcomes more reliable. Surgical robots can be active, semiactive, or passive. Each level of robot autonomy vs surgeon control has potential benefits and limitations. Currently available robotic platforms are discussed in the context of historical developments, published outcomes, and future directions.


A reliable process to fabricate self-supporting thin Si single crystals has been developed, which fundamentally uses MeV boron implantation followed by a selective etching technique. Several additional steps in the process including post-implantation annealing, fast rough etching, removal of the oxide layer and removal of the implanted layer, are presented in detail. The area of the self-supporting film is about 6 mm diameter supported by a thick Si sheet, and the thickness of the film is 1-5.5 /spl mu/m which is well controlled by an implantation energy of 0.6-MeV. After removal of the implanted layer, the flatness and the crystalline quality of the film is excellent. This can be shown by channeling experiments in transmission geometry using a wide He beam. Several experiments carried out using this material will be presented, as well as other possible application.


Objective To establish a method for the determination of valproic acid in human serum by HPLC and carry out therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) of valproic acid in clinical.Methods 2-bromo-4'-ntroacetophenone was derivative reagent and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was used as the internal standard.The separation was achieved on the Shim-pack C18(150×4.6mm,5μm).The mobile phase was consisted of methanol-water=77:23,the detection wavelength was 265 nm,the flow rate was 1ml/min,and the column temperature was 25℃.Results The retention time of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and valproic acid was 5.2 min and 8.3 min,respectively.The regression equation of valproic acid was Y=0.0143 X+0.0513 r=0.999 7(n=5).The calibration curves of valproic acid were linear over the range of 10~180 μg/ml.The extraction recovery and method recovery were more than 81.6% and 98.9%,respectively.The relative standard deviation(RSD) of within day and between day were both less than 5.4%.The method was used for monitoring valproic acid concentration of 65 epileptic patients,41 of the patients were found the serum concertration in effective level(50~100 μg/ml),and 24 of the patients lower than effective level.Conclusion This method was rapid,accurate and simple way to measure the concentration of valproic acid in human serum.It is suitable for clinical practical application.


Almost block diagonal linear systems: sequential and parallel solution techniques, and applications. o uma, Preconditioning highly indefinite and nonsymmetric matrices.


Parameters optimization are studied to improve the speed of computing in the Ant Colony Algorithm, Preferences unreasonable takes a long time and search is slow. In order to improve search efficiency of the algorithm, Parameter optimization rules are proposed in the Ant Colony Algorithm, The algorithm improves the basic ant colony algorithm in the parameter selection rules of a.s.?. and m, by improving, the ant colony effectively avoid falling into local optimum, speed up the convergence and improve the search efficiency. Simulation results show that parameters optimization effectively improve the performance of the algorithm, the works are feasible and beneficial to the application and development of the ant colony algorithm.


This publication, for those involved in utility accounting, finance, ratemaking and deregulation, brings into focus special types of accounting rules, situations and adaptations that are essential in this highly specialized industry. Features of this work include: a discussion of ratemaking concepts, including styles of ratemaking, determining utility rate base, cost allocations and normalization; an analysis of regulatory accounting and reporting requirements; and an explanation of accounting for taxes, public utility regulation, management accounting systems, pricing and depreciation. The price quoted for the work covers one year's worth of service.


G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of G i or G q coupling specificity are effectively linked to activation of the JNK cascade. However, little is known with regard to the regulation of JNK by G s -coupled receptors. In this report, we utilized Cos-7 cells transfected with the dopamine D 1 receptor (D 1 R) to illustrate the signaling mechanism for G s -mediated JNK activation. Stimulation of D 1 R triggered a weak but significant elevation of JNK activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This D 1 R-mediated JNK activation required the participation of G βγ , Src-like kinases and small GTPases, while disruptions of cAMP-, PI3K-, and EGFR-mediated signaling had no effect. Co-stimulation of D 1 R with GPCRs of other coupling specificities resulted in differential activation profiles of JNK. Activation of G s -coupled D 1 R weakly potentiated the JNK activation induced by the G i -coupled opioid receptor-like receptor (ORL 1 R), but exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the kinase activity triggered by the G q -coupled gastrin-releasing peptide-preferring bombesin receptor (GRPR). Administration of Sp-cAMPS (a cAMP analogue which mimics the G s /cAMP signal) also suppressed the JNK activation mediated by G q -coupled GRPR, as well as the Ca 2+ -induced kinase activation upon thapsigargin treatment. Moreover, the Ca 2+ signal from GRPR synergistically potentiated the D 1 R-triggered cAMP elevation, when the two receptors were simultaneously stimulated. Taken together, our results demonstrated that stimulation of G s -coupled receptors in Cos-7 cells not only enhanced the JNK activity, but also exhibited a "tuning" effect on the kinase activation mediated by GPCRs of other coupling specificities.


both groups impede their clean division into separate groups. In response to accusations of treason, many classicists incorporated a central theme of defending their country against invaders; while the nationalists, who were accused of lacking education, tend to utilize neoclassical conventions to prove that their dislike for them does not stem from ignorance. Although many classicists and nationalists' tragedies of the XVIII century converge in having a neoclassical style and a patriotic theme, they diverge in objectives and therefore should not be analyzed as one group. While the classicists believe in the universality of the neoclassical style, the nationalists do not, but employ it only to show they are acquainted with it. Likewise, the classicists employ the topic of foreign invaders to demonstrate their patriotism by extolling national heroes, while the nationalists use it to show the dangers of foreign invasion and of traitors. Torrecilla also discusses the increase of anti-French sentiments as a result of the War of Independence and correlates it with the rise in popularity of non-elite songs and poetry. Because progress was associated with the Spanish elites and the French, the culture of the lower classes was considered the pure Spanish culture; due to this, some of the elites start imitating the lower-class customs—this differs from the previous tendency that tried to rescue ancient elite Spanish traditions. The romance is revived because it was preferred by the lower classes thus believed to be of truly Spanish in origin. Torrecilla distinguishes between the literature of that era and Romantic literature in that the former is guided by anti-French sentiments, whereas the latter is a style coming from Germany and England. Finally, Torrecilla addresses Spain's appropriation of ancient Muslim culture and science as a tool to claim its contribution to the development of modern Europe via the Spanish Muslims that translated Greek classical texts into other European languages. Muslim literature and science provide a Spanish national alternative to accepting foreign science, though this view faces oppsition from those Spaniards who consider the Muslims uncivilized barbarians. By the second half of the 1700s, the rest of Europe has also developed an Oriental-inspired literature. In reaction to this, the nationalists stress the previous existence of this type of literature in Spain, citing El Quijote as an example. Jesús Torrecilla clearly and succinctly explains how in response to French hegemony and the perceived modernity of its culture, Spain mines its marginalized groups (lower classes and Muslims) for cultural identities that unify it in opposition to foreign influence or counter that this foreign influence is nothing more than an expression of universal truths. He deftly guides the reader through the literature that expresses this cultural conflict, illustrating the importance and highly interesting paradoxes of this period.


This thesis studies land expropriation disputes from the angle of property right, exploring its origins from the relationships between township (town) government and villagers, village collective and villagers, and different villagers, focusing on peasants' resisting low land expropriation compensation instead of their fighting against land expropriation. Specifically, this research will discuss three questions. What is the nature of property right? How had the landed property rights been regulated and adjudicated? How do women gain and loss their land rights and interests?


Rainer Maria Rilke. Less successful is the discussion of Erwartung as "a realistic study of hysteria" (p. 94), with its peculiar characterization of the woman as possessing "no trace of intellect or creativity, and she is also faithless, weak, and cunning" (pp. 109– 10), a reading that is inconsistent with the libretto and the intellectual and social concerns of the librettist, Marie Pappenheim (see Elizabeth Keathley, " 'Die Frauenfrage' in Erwartung: Schoenberg's Collaboration with Marie Pappenheim," in Schoenberg and Words: The Modernist Years, eds. Charlotte M. Cross and Russell A. Berman. [New York and London: Garland Publishing, 2000], pp. 139–78.) Similarly, Simms's insightful comments on neoclassical features in the Serenade, op. 24, points to the need to look at Schoenberg in terms of the broader impact of World War I on many artists' view of the nature and purpose of art and the relationship between the artist and the audience.


8038 Background: Estrogen deprivation secondary to AI therapy raises concern about toxicities such as accelerated bone loss and consequent fracture risk in an elderly population, and alteration in lipid metabolism resulting in cardiovascular events. The steroidal AI exemestane (E) completely protects against ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in a menopausal rat model, while letrozole (L) does not. This may be related to weak androgenic activity of the principal metabolite of E, 17-hydroexemestane.

METHODS
Healthy postmenopausal volunteers were treated for 6 months with placebo (P), E, L or anastrozole (A). Assays at baseline and on wks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 36 included: estradiol, estrone, estrone sulfate, serum (S) and urine (U) C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (S-CTx and U-CTx), S bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), S procollagen type I aminoterminal propeptide (PINP), U N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (U-NTx) and lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides [TG]). Primary bone endpoint was % change from baseline in biomarkers at 24 wks. Percent change in lipid profiles and estrogen concentrations were summarized by assessment time and treatment arm.

RESULTS
Data are available on 77 of 84 volunteers. Mean age: 58.2 yrs; mean BMI: 25 kg/m2. Avg time since menopause was 12.5 yrs; 100% Caucasian. Estrogens were suppressed below the level of detection by A, L, and E. Median % change of the bone resorption marker S-CTx at 12 wks was 12.82 (A), 22.05 (E), 17.17 (L), and 9.61(P). Median % change in the bone formation marker, P1NP from baseline at 12 wks was 2.43 (A), 16.89 (E), 0.38 (L), and 3.81 (P). The most striking finding in lipid assays was change in TGs: At 12 weeks, median TGs, as a % of baseline for each group were 78.7 (E), 107.4 (L), 98.3 (A), 101.8 (P).

CONCLUSIONS
Bone resorption increased from all 3 AIs but E caused a presumptive androgenic increase in bone formation markers. TG levels were reduced by E in comparison to A and L. If this profile is confirmed, E could be the AI of choice in otherwise healthy postmenopausal women [Table: see text].


This undergraduate dissertation focused on studying a niche culture within YouTube called 'Get ready with Me' (GRWM) videos. These videos consist of young women, who are all particularly interested in makeup and using the 'power of makeup' to transform a look. Social media platforms are influential within society through reinforcing socially accepted norms, which is correlated within the makeup industry to reinforce a standard of appearance. This causes extreme issues for women to conform to an unrealistic attraction level daily. This study focuses on key issues within expectations towards women's appearance, which are reproduced through social media platforms and society. Additionally, it highlights issues of negative emotions towards the self without makeup, in comparison to positive emotions whilst wearing makeup. It also highlights the issue that makeup is deemed to be the reason as to how we achieve the expected levels of appearance. Through analysing YouTube videos using a media analysis and thematically coding the data, this research was able to discuss these issues and understand creators' justifications behind their choices. This research reflects the major issues within the makeup industry for women by emphasising that the natural self is not worthy of being attractive.


Fusarium moniliforme is one of the major seed borne pathogen of rice in Bangladesh that causes significant yield loss. To observe the incidence and transmission of this pathogen, farmers saved seeds and seeds from BADC were collected and the pathogens were detected by blotter method. The prevalence of the F. moniliforme varied according to locations and seasons. The highest 18% of seed infection was recorded in Boro seeds of Netrakona district and the lowest 2% was in Gazipur district. The Embryonal end of the seed is the most preferable site of the infection. F. moniliofrme successfully transmitted from seed to seedling and the transmission is high when presprouted seed sown on the puddled seed bed. The study recommended that before planting season, seeds should be tested and treated when necessary to minimize spread of the pathogen.


investments, and after the 1957 slump Courtaulds chose to rely on acquisitions and mergers to promote the appearance of growth, a policy continued by Hanbury-Williams's successors, Wilson (briefly) and Kearton. In the middle of this expansion campaign, Courtaulds found itself the target of a takeover attempt by I.C.I., partly as an outgrowth of the long term relationship established between the firms through British Nylon Spinners, and partly as a result of the general movement for amalgamation in British industry and in the European chemical industry in the early 1960s. Courtaulds' successful resistance is narrated in rich detail, as is the subsequent contest between Wilson and Kearton, whose idiosyncracies (at one point he is described as having "overworked and got into a paranoid state") are recounted with relish by Coleman. As suggested by this summary, the narrative throughout is surprisingly lively for an official company history, a genre not usually characterized by such pungent observations, and the story of boardroom bickering is well integrated with the more substantial details of the economic and technical developments in the firm and in the industry as a whole. Perhaps it is not entirely fair to criticize a book of this nature for failing to move beyond its immediate range of concerns, but to some extent Coleman is so preoccupied with the internal affairs of Courtaulds that an opportunity for a broader or comparative perspective may have been missed. Courtaulds was not the only British company to encounter severe difficulties in the period after World War II, nor was it alone in adopting the strategy of expansion by merger in the 1960s. An American business historian might be inclined to look for similarities in the background and outlook of managers among British firms whose development followed a parallel course in this period, or conclude that many of the problems and policies were the result of broader changes in the British industrial structure rather than focusing so intently on the role of individual personalities. This is not to say that Coleman's account is deficient or inaccurate with respect to Courtaulds, but does indicate the somewhat different paths that business historians have followed in Britain and the United States.


Recently, flexible liquid crystal displays (LCDs) based on plastic substrates have attracted much attention because of their notable advantages, including being lightweight and being highly bendable and reliable 1-4). Due to these advantages, flexible LCDs are expected to be the next-generation display technology, with improved convenience with respect to portability, installation and design of display devices. In addition, they are expected to contribute to the creation of an ambient information society where people can unconsciously receive information from devices located throughout their environment. However, there are problems with conventional flexible LCDs relating to their power consumption and thickness, because LCDs need backlighting systems behind their LC panels. Low visibility in bright environments is also a problem for LCDs. We have proposed to solve these problems, by using reflective color LCDs 5-14). The reflective LCDs use ambient light sources and do not need backlighting systems. Therefore, there are many advantages to reflective LCDs, such as extremely low power consumption, very thin profiles, light weights and high image qualities in bright environments. For these reasons, flexible reflective LCDs on plastic substrates are a promising technology that can potentially be used to develop new display applications, such as high quality portable information systems and large digital signs. It is important to develop a selection of flexible reflective substrates and an optical compensation scheme for the phase retardation of the plastic substrates so that we can realize high-quality, flexible, reflective LCDs. We focused on using stainless steel for the flexible reflective substrates 15, 16), onto which we deposited aluminum, because it has excellent heatresistance, thermal dimensional stability, chemical resistance and gas barrier properties in comparison to plastic substrates. The stainless steel foil allows for the application of a thin film transistor array, which requires a high temperature process. This enables us to realize high resolution, flexible, LCDs. On the other hand, there are problems with conventional flexible LCDs using plastic substrates, such as low contrast ratios and narrow viewing angle ranges, because of their optical anisotropy. To solve this problem, we have previously reported that polycarbonate substrates have negative C-plate optical anisotropy and can be used as an optical compensation film for vertically aligned (VA) -mode LCs, which have positive C-plate optical anisotropy. We fabricated transmissive-type flexible VA-mode LCDs using polycarbonate substrates and achieved a good contrast ratio of 650:1 and a wide viewing angle range of 150° (contrast ratio > 10:1) 17, 18). However, the optical design of flexible, reflective LCDs has not yet been reported. In this paper, we investigated the optimum conditions for optical compensation in flexible, reflective LCDs using stainless steel and Abstract We have developed flexible reflective liquid crystal (LC) devicesÅ Å using stainless steel foil and polycarbonate substrates. We established an optical design method to make reflective LC devices by compensating for the phase retardation of the vertically aligned (VA) -mode LC and aluminum electrode with a polycarbonate substrate and polyimide film. Our method achieved a good contrast ratio, over 30:1, across a wide range of viewing angles. These results show that it is possible to realize high quality reflective displays with low power consumption and high flexibility.


Abstract The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus pandemic and social distancing caused impacts on people's health, among them, environmental stress – a set of objective and subjective reactions that occur when people face negative environmental influences. The objective was to investigate variables associated with residential environment stress during the pandemic in Brazil. An online survey was carried out with 2000 Brazilians with a mean age of 38.7 years (SD = 14.55), 76.80% of whom were women. The results showed that 81.90% (f = 1,639) of the sample had some level of environmental stress, predicted by geographic region (Brazil's northern and northeastern regions), lower income, lower residential quality scores, and absence of a restorative environment. It is then concluded the identification of some negative and positive environmental factors associated with environmental stress, which may assist in the implementation of policies for coping with 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and promoting mental health in the pandemic context.


Illustrations Series Foreword Acknowledgements Time Line Introduction Foodstuff Food Preparation: Cooking and Cooks Eating Habits Concepts of Diet and Nutrition Selected Bibliography Index


And a disclaimer: I've made lots of changes of variables throughout. Expect some mistakes. I would appreciate hearing about any you find. I want to look at two different topics that have to do with orthogonal polynomials. The first has to do with approximation; the second, with Mellin transforms and zeta functions. If we have an inner product on R[x], we can use Gram-Schmidt to convert {1, x, x 2 ,. . .} into an orthogonal basis of monic polynomials {p n (x)}. Our inner products will have the form p, q = b a p(x) q(x) w(x) dx for some weight function w. A family of orthogonal polynomials will have p n of degree n, but not necessarily monic. For a given weight function, we may always multiply each polynomial by an arbitrary constant to get another family. Standard choices are monic, normalized to p n , p n = 1, or to coincide with nice generating functions.


Rubrobacter xylanophilus strain AA3-22, belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, was isolated from nonvolcanic Arima Onsen (hot spring) in Japan. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this organism, which was obtained by combining Oxford Nanopore long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing data. ABSTRACT Rubrobacter xylanophilus strain AA3-22, belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, was isolated from nonvolcanic Arima Onsen (hot spring) in Japan. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this organism, which was obtained by combining Oxford Nanopore long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing data.


PID adjuster is often used in gyrocompass control model.It has some advantages,such as favorable ability of anti_jamming,small steady state error,easy to adjust,and so on.But it has some deficiencies,such as long time to adjust and unable to identify movement.In this paper the method of fuzzy control is adopted in gyrocompass control model and the result shows that the fuzzy control method is more favorable than PID on response time,robustness.


Potential-induced degradation (PID), specifically PID leading to shunts (PID-s), has recently been identified as one of the major field durability issues of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The industry is attempting to address this issue at the module/cell production level by modifying the cell, glass, and/or encapsulant properties, as well as at the system level through the application of reverse potential at night. However, there is a lingering question on the full recovery of the cells through the reverse potential application technique. The results obtained in this study indicate that the near-full recovery of efficiency at high irradiance levels can be achieved, but the full recovery of efficiency at low irradiance levels, shunt resistance, and quantum efficiency (QE) at low wavelengths could not be achieved. The wavelength-dependent QE response after PID and recovery has been modeled based on experimental data. We address the challenge in measuring accurate QE of shunted cells and the input impedance of traditional QE test equipment. A new very low impedance method minimizes, but does not totally eliminate, the scaling error in the QE system data for solar cells that have very low shunt resistances. We also evaluate previously proposed models on the effects of sodium experimentally and through simulation.


Introduction: Nurses are one of the most important components of health care system who's physical and psychological problems directly affect the quality of health servicescares provided to patients. Logic therapy can be a new way to bring meaning and meaning into work life. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of group logo therapy on burnout in intensive care unit nurses. Methods:This study is a quasi-experimental study with two groups which conducted on 40 nurses working in CCU ICU-PICU-NICU wards of Amiralmomenin Ali hospital in Zabol city in 2018 which had higher level of burnout. The data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire, the first part related to demographic questionnaire and the second part Maslach burnout questionnaire. Before intervention, both groups completed the questionnaires and then for the experimental group 5 sessions of one hour of Logic Therapy 2 sessions per week were performed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using t-test and chi-square tests. Results: The results showed that the mean scores of burnout severity in the experimental and control groups before the intervention were 69.55 and 77.10, respectively. After the intervention, the mean burnout severity decreased to 52.5 after intervention. There was no significant difference in the mean of the control group after the intervention. There was also a significant difference in the three domains of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and occupational involvement in the post-test (p <0.05). Demographic variables have no effect on job burnout (p> 0.05). Conclusions:The results of this study showed that logo therapy can significantly reduce the severity and burnout of nurses in intensive care units. It seems that this type of psychotherapy can be used to reduce burnout in sensitive and anxious jobs.


Layered vanadium phosphate (VOPO4•2H2O) is reported as a promising cathode material for rechargeable aqueous Zn2+ batteries (ZIBs) owing to its unique layered framework and high discharge plateau. However, its sluggish Zn2+ diffusion kinetics, the low specific capacity and poor electrochemcial stability remains a major issue in battery application. In this work, a group of phenylamine (PA)-intercalated VOPO4•2H2O with varied interlayer spacing (14.8, 15.6 and 16.5 Å) is synthesized respectively via a solvothermal method for cathode of aqueous ZIBs. The specific capacity is quite dependent on d-spacing in PA-VOPO4•2H2O system followed by an approximate linear tendency, and the maximum interlayer spacing (16.5 Å phase) results in a discharge capacity of 268.2 mAh•g-1 at 0.1 A•g-1 with a high discharge plateau of ~ 1.3 V and an energy density of 328.5 Wh•Kg-1. Both of the experimental data and DFT calculation identify that the optimal 16.5 Å spacing can boost fast Zinc-ion diffusion with an ultrahigh diffusion coefficient of ~ 5.7 × 10-8 cm-2•s-1. The intercalation of PA molecules also significantly increases the hydrophobility in the aqueous electrolyte, resulting in the inhibiting the decomposition / dissolution of VOPO4•2H2O and remarkably improved cycling stability over 2000 cycles at 5.0 A•g-1 with a capacity retention of ~200 mAh•g-1. Our study provides a feasible solution on the sluggish Zn2+ diffusion kinetics and poor cyclstability, and also shows a clear understanding on the interlayer chemistry of layered phosphates towards aqueous Zinc-ion storage.


The article deals with the heating process of the axle-boxes ofrolling stock when the train is in motion and discusses the forcesacting on the wheel-set when rolling stock moves along the trackcurves. The paper analyses scientific publications relevant tothe forces acting on the wheel-set of rolling stock and focuseson the axle-box heating process. The article also discusses theresults of theoretical studies on wheel-set forces that affect theheat exchange process of axle-boxes for a railway vehicle. Theresearch has determined a change in heating temperatures ofdifferent axle-boxes of rolling stock and reasons for their variationsand tendencies. The paper has estimated an effect of thetrain running along the track curves on the heating intensity ofthe axle-box. Finally, valid conclusions and recommendationshave been provided.


Background: Genetic backgrounds play an important role in susceptibility to and protection against Guillain Barre Syndrome. Certain human leukocyte antigens have been found to be associated with Guillain Barre Syndrome. Aim of Study: This study aimed to study the relationship between the susceptibility of HLA Class II "DRBI" allele's frequencies in a sample of Iraqi's patients with Guillain Barre Syndrome compared with a healthy control group using PCR-SSOP method. Patients and Methods: Thirty consecutive Iraqi Arab Muslim patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome admitted in the Neurological Department in neurosciences Hospital between September-2012 to June-2013 were assessed for HLA genotyping for HLADRB1. A control group consisted from thirty healthy volunteers among the staff of Al-Kindy College of Medicine that did not have any neurological disorders whether recent or previously and had negative family history for this diseases or other neurological disorders. HLA genotyping for HLADRB1 was performed for each patient and for the control persons using the PCR with sequence-specific oligoneucleotide primers. Allele frequencies were compared across groups. Results: There was a significant higher rate of DRB1*03:01 frequencies in patients with GBS compared with healthy controls (p=0.007, Odds ratio=5.687, 95% CI: 1.59-20.33)


This article presents a feature subset selection method for the purpose of selecting the appropriate attributes for software quality assessment. The existing software quality assessment models do not support dynamic assessment. In dynamic software quality assessment, new quality attributes can be added to the model as they emerge. Therefore, this work focuses on the development of an intelligent method that is able to learn and adapt new quality attributes into the model to establish dynamic software quality assessment


Abstract : This report describes a study of radiation enhanced diffusion in silicon. The same enhancement of diffusion as with protons is observed in electron-irradiated silicon. This conforms the point-defect mechanism proposed earlier. The proton-irradiated samples have been observed by X-ray microtopography and show a pattern of strains due to smallscale defects, but no new extended dislocations. Low temperature irradiation of Germanium is described. Stored energy measurements after a 14 K electron irradiation have been attempted, but the effect is masked by thermal phenomena accompanying the adsorption of residual gases in the calorimeter chamber. Radiation-induced defects in Silicon can drift in the electric field of a p-n junction, as in Germanium. At 288 K, there is drifting of defects with different charges, the acceptortype (negatively charged) being the slower. (Author)


The paper describes the design of an infrared transmitter and receiver for communication over 1000 feet typical distance. The purpo.se of the system was to circumvent obstacles in the construction of the closed circuit television systems, and it has been successfully used for that purpose in a number of applications. The authors show calculation of path characteristics which determine fade margin requirements and the level of path dependent noise. They describe experimental verification of the calculations on a 1021-foot test path. Part of the paper describes the pertinent characteristics of the Gallium Arsenide Transmitter diode and the receiver photodiode, especially with respect to bandwidth and linearity. The optical system design is described in detail, including tolerances on the aiming system and the mechanical support of the diodes. Some of the measurement_ techniques developed to insure performance of manufactured systems are described, including techniques for power measurement and alignment.


Dithieno[3,4-c:3′,4′-e]pyridazine N-oxide (7) has been synthesized in five steps from 3-iodothiophene-2carbaldehyde; flash vacuum thermolysis of (7) gave the stable title compound (1).


ASME Codes and Standards created a new Performance Test Code Committee in May of 2004, whose primary focus is on the formalization of an approach to the process for verification and validation in computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer. PTC-61 has as its charter to provide "procedures for quantifying the accuracy of modeling and simulation in computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer." The committee is initially focusing on an approach based on the concepts and methods of experimental uncertainty analysis. This will leverage the decades of development in the community of experimentalists that resulted in the ASME Standard PTC 19.1 "Test Uncertainty" and the ISO international standard "Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement." This paper provides a brief summary of the status of the PTC-61 effort to develop a standard for V&V.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The A emphasires the problem of shortage of nursing personnel in Brasil, and precariousness of sub-system responsible for its preparation. Calls attention to the fach that their problem should be frequently discurred taking in to consideration the purposes and recommendations of the Decennial Health Plan for the Americas 1971—1980.


The growing demand for products with higher durability and quality of performance affects the need for new technologies and for new methods of analysis of the correctness of their performance at the design stage [1-3]. Continuous progress in the field of rotary plastic forming methods affects, inter alia, the classification of technological processes. More and more often used technique of forming of axisymmetric products is rotary forming which includes metal spinning, flow forming and hybrid forming. The rotary forming processes is classified among stamping, however, the forces encountered during spinning and flow forming are much smaller due to the local contact of tools with shaped material [4,5]. The most important difference between the metal spinning and the flow forming concerns the product wall thickness. In spinning process, the thickness remains the same, while in the flow forming it is intentionally reduced. Rotary forming can be performed in the cold and hot state. Material deformation in the process of metal spinning is influenced by many factors [6-8]. The most important are: • rotational speed of the mandrel • working roller travel • working radius of the roller • diameter of the metal spinning roller • sheet disk thickness • the disk diameter


This short report describes the methodology followed to select a group of energy system components for further assessment in the first phase of SPLiCE. As the next step we will investigate the existence of significant evidence gaps in relation to direct, indirect and cumulative impacts of the energy system components identified in this stage. The DECC calculator was used as the starting point for the selection of the energy system components which were presented to the stakeholders. The criteria and related scoring system was decided to reflect the aim of Worksteam1 in SPLiCE, i.e. investigate the existence of significant evidence gaps in relation to direct, indirect and cumulative impacts of a decarbonised energy system. After circulating a web survey usable responses from about 50 stakeholders were obtained. Based on our interpretation of the data we propose that as a next step we investigate significant evidence gaps in relation to direct, indirect and cumulative impacts of the following energy system components.


After the completion of "Peony Pavilion",it was welcomed by all readers,especially by women readers.Due to the influences of times and gender,women's access to the Peony Pavilion has its own features.They put a fictitious story as to the reality of things.They put a fictitious figure as a real person,and they accepted the literature according to their own emotional understanding.Women agreed with Du-liniang's behavior,measured their life through the heroine in "Peony Pavilion".Women also evaluated the drama,and their evaluation had gender characteristics.


In the product development process the time between "could" start and actually starting, it is referred to as the "fuzzy front‐end" and is the key to reducing time‐to‐market. Examines the different ways of doing this, and the links between them.This action values may vary but capture approach is the same. Lists the ten most common front‐end failures.


By em ploy ing lu m in e sc e n c e e x c i t a t i o n t e c h n i q u e , t h e c r y s t a l f i e l d s p l i t e x c i t e d s t a t e s o f th e t r i v a l e n t Holmium and Samarium i n CaF^ c r y s t a l w ere i n v e s t i g a t e d . The ph o to n e n e rg y ran g e o f 18000 to 40000 cm ̂ was s t u d i e d . A g r e a t number o f s h a rp s p e c t r a l l i n e s a r i s i n g from th e t r i v a l e n i o n s w ere o b s e r v e d . B ased on a co m p ar iso n w i th c a l c u l a t e d f r e e io n e n e rg y l e v e l s , t e n t a t i v e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n s o f t h e o b s e rv e d l e v e l s w ere made. I t was found t h a t t h e s e l e c t i o n r u l e AJ^ 6 h o l d s i n t h e s e s y s te m s , and t h e o b s e rv e d t r a n s i t i o n s a re p r e d o m in a t e ly o f e l e c t r i c a l d i p o l e c h a r a c t e r . A pprox im ate e n e rg y l e v e l schemes o f t h e c r y s t a l f i e l d 3+ s p l i t e x c i t e d s t a t e s o f Ho i n c u b ic s i t e s w ere c o n s t r u c t e d . S i m i l a r e n e rg y l e v e l schmes o f t h e t h r e e lo w e s t m u l t i p l e t s o f t h e s e x t e t H s t a t e 3+ o f Sm i n c u b ic s i t e s was a l s o c o n s t r u c t e d . In o r d e r to s tu d y t h e e f f e c t o f d i f f e r e n t sy m m etr ie s 2 s u r r o u n d in g th e t r i v a l e n t r a r e e a r t h i o n s , 0 was i n t r o d u c e d i n t o t h e h o s t c r y s t a l by means o f h e a t t r e a t m e n t . I t was found t h a t h e a t t r e a t  m ent i n open a i r c h a n g e s t h e p o i n t symmetry a round t h e r a r e e a r t h i o n . By means o f t h e same g r e e n lu m in e sc e n c e e x c i t a t i o n t e c h n iq u e i t was p o s s i b l e to o b s e rv e t h e s e c h a n g e s t a k i n g p l a c e . Based on e v id e n c e obtained from excitation, emission and thermoluminescence spectra it i s c o n c lu d e d t h a t t h e symmetry o f t h e c r y s t a l f i e l d s u r r o u n d in g th e r a r e e a r t h i o n s i n t h e as r e c e i v e d c r y s t a l was p r e d o m in a te ly c u b ic i n o u r c a s e . i i i R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission. C om parisons be tw een e x c i t a t i o n s p e c t r a , a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r a , e m is s io n s p e c t r a and th e rm o lu m in e sc e n c e s p e c t r a showed them to be i n c o n s i s t e n c e w i th e a ch o t h e r and w i th p r e v i o u s l y o b t a i n e d r e s u l t s i n t h i s l a b o r a t o r y . By em ploy ing lo w te m p e r a tu r e t e c h n i q u e , t h e two lo w e s t S t a r k com ponents o f t h e c r y s t a l f i e l d s p l i t g round s t a t e 3 + Sm i n a C^v f i e l d w ere e s t i m a t e d . A r e a s o n a b le ag reem en t be tw een t h e c a l c u l a t e d e n e rg y l e v e l s and t h e e s t i m a t e d o n es was fo u n d . A t tem p ts w ere made to s tu d y th e Zeeman e f f e c t and l i f e t i m e s 3"h i n t h e C aF^H o s y s te m . The r e s u l t s , how ever , so f a r a r e n o t c o n c lu s i v e and f u r t h e r work i s n e e d e d i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n . R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I w ish to t h a n k P r o f e s s o r M. S c h l e s i n g e r f o r s u g g e s t i n g t h i s p ro b le m and f o r h i s s u p e r v i s i o n and v a l u a b l e g u id a n c e th ro u g h o u t t h e c o u r s e o f t h i s w ork . I s h o u ld l i k e a l s o to th a n k P r o f e s s o r F. H o lu j f o r t h e p e r m is s io n to u s e h i s e l e c t r o m a g n e t f o r t h e Zeeman e f f e c t s t u d i e s . Thanks a r e a l s o due to H r . V. P. B ho la f o r h i s a s s i s t a n c e d u r in g t h e e x p e r im e n t s and i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f some o f t h e d iag ram s u s e d i n t h i s t h e s i s . A cknow ledgem ents a r e due to Mr. W. Grewe f o r h i s s k i l l i n c o n s t r u c t i n g some o f t h b o p t i c a l i n s t r u m e n t s em ployed i n t h i s w ork . F i n a l l y ^ I am a l s o i n d e b t e d to t h e Government o f th e P ro v in c e o f O n ta r io f o r i t s f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t i n t h e form o f a G ra d u a te F e l lo w s h ip . R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT i i i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v LIST OF TABLES v i l i LIST OF FIGURES x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 1-1 G e n e ra l C o n s i d e r a t i o n 1 1-2 S p e c i a l C o n s i d e r a t i o n 3 CHAPTER I I FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS 5 3+ 3 + 2-1 S p e c t r o s c o p ic P r o p e r t i e s o f Ho and Sm I o n s 5 2 -2 Ho3+ and Sm3 i n CaF^ C r y s t a l 8 2-3 M ethods o f t h e I n v e s t i g a t i o n o f I o n i c S p e c t r a i n C r y s t a l s 13 2 -4 The S p e c t r a o f Ho3 and Sm3 i n CaF^ 19 3+ CHAPTER I I I CALCULATION OF ENERGY LEVELS OF FREE Sm AND Ho3+ IONS 24 3 -1 I n t r o d u c t o r y Remarks 24 3 -2 C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f S t a t e s 27 3 -3 F r a c t i o n a l P a r e n t a g e 31 3 4 M a tr ix E le m e n ts 33 3 -5 I n t e r m e d i a t e C o u p l in g 36 CHAPTER IV Ho3+ AND Sm3+ IONS IN CRYSTAL ENVIRONMENT 39 4-1 F re e I o n E nergy L e v e ls S p l i t i n C r y s t a l F i e l d 39


OBJECTIVE
Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD) is an endemic osteoarthropathy, in which excessive apoptosis of chondrocytes occurs. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA damage repair gene, plays an important role in apoptosis but the mechanism is unclear in KBD cartilage injury. This study was to investigate the expression and promoter methylation of MGMT in KBD patients and its role in DNA damage and apoptosis of chondrocytes.

METHODS
MGMT mRNA and protein level were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Demethylation of MGMT was carried out using 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and the methylation level of MGMT promoter was measured by quantitative methylation specific PCR. Next, shRNA was used to knockdown the expression of MGMT. Cell viability, apoptosis and DNA damage were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry, Hoechst 33342 staining and alkaline comet assay following T-2 toxin and selenium treatment.

RESULTS
MGMT protein expression and mRNA levels were decreased (p = 0.02, p = 0.007) and promoter methylation was increased (p = 0.008) in KBD patients. Meanwhile, MGMT level was upregulated by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine in chondrocytes (p = 0.0002). DNA damage and apoptosis rates were increased in MGMT-silenced chondrocytes (all p < 0.0001). Furthermore, DNA damage and apoptosis were increseaed in chondrocytes treated with T-2 toxin (all p < 0.0001), but were decreased after selenium treatment (p < 0.0001, p = 0.01). Decreased mRNA level and increased methylation of MGMT were found in T-2 toxin group (p = 0.005, p = 0.002), while selenium reversed it (p = 0.02, p = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS
MGMT might play a crucial part in the pathogenesis of KBD cartilage injury, which providing a therapeutic target for KBD.


The number of road traffic accidents is a complicated problem that has never been separated from the government's attention since the national development began to be implemented, especially in the transportation sector. From the three categories of road, sea, air, and rail traffic, road traffic does have the greatest risk of accident rates compared to others. In this case, it needs the development system, including the manufacture of designing Automatic Speed Bump known as an ASeB prototype that can detect the speed of the vehicles which pass beyond the maximum speed limits. Road users are expected to provide a psychological effect for the road users to reduce their vehicles' speed. This tool can detect vehicle speeds using ultrasonic sensors and directly give an announcement or warning through sound and running text. Subsequently, it runs the automatic speed bump as the vehicle's speed reducer. By using this system, it is expected that road users can reduce the speed of their vehicles when passing on the road, significantly reducing the number of traffic accidents.


The most useful technique in uranium exploration program is undoubtedly radiometric surveys. This is due to the fact that uranium emits gamma rays ranging from as low as 47kev to 2.2Mev, which can be detected and quantified using suitable radiation detector. Combination of aerial radiometric surveys, ground examination of the detected anomalies, followed by drilling and gamma ray logging of drilled boreholes has resulted in the identification of large uranium resources. Borehole logging provides the most important subsurface information required for the uranium exploration program. An area known to contain only uranium, computed gamma ray logging with a Geiger Muller (GM) Detector rapidly gives the required subsurface radioactivity information whereas, in a heterogeneously mineralized area of uranium with thorium, logging data using GM detector may mislead to wrong interpretation. Under such condition, using the principle of gamma ray spectrometry, scintillation detector-based spectral gamma ray logging is carried out. Identifying uranium in the presence of thorium is a complex process and this paper deals with a case study on the spectral gamma ray logging carried out to locate the subsurface uraniferous zone in Pakkanadu area, Salem district of Tamil nadu, where the surface anomaly indicated the presence of high thorium content. The various limitations such as small detector size, large sample volume, high-correction factor required for quantifying the individual elements, and the study carried out for optimizing the time required for data acquisition are discussed.


In this paper, I suggest a novel explanation for a hump-shaped age-consumption profile, based on human aging. The model integrates health in the utility function and utilizes recent estimates of the effects of health on the marginal utility of consumption. The parsimonious model has a closed-form solution for the age of peak consumption and the consumption level at that age relative to initial consumption. A calibration of the model with data from gerontology produces an empirically plausible hump in consumption.


As economic and technological globalization continuously unfolds a new international division of labor for engineers start to emerge. Engineers in the OECD-countries increasingly have to participate in rejuvenating incumbents located in the OECD countries, hence have to become involved in intrapreneurship. This paper sheds light on two questions: what constitutes the core of an education in engineering management that focuses on intrepreneurship and which teaching challenges does it imply? Based on an original in-depth study of engineering management at Aalborg University, Denmark, the paper addresses six content areas that pose significant challenges and thus needs to be addressed.


The issue of revelation and consolidation of the national potential is peculiar for the countries with Diaspora. In such countries, the importance is also attached, besides domestic resources, to the external resources, represented by the Diaspora communities. The latter has great potential – human, economic, political (as a means for lobby), etc. – for any country. The issue of using the potential of the Diaspora should not be considered as simply receiving one-sided help from abroad, which is based on national affiliations, i.e. as a sincere aspiration to help your motherland and compatriots. The cooperation with Diaspora is efficient only when it is based on mutually beneficial actions directed to the solution of nationwide goals. It is not a mere chance that recently expert community's interest in Diaspora studies has grown in many countries. The article discusses the theoretical-practical significance of the researches conducted by the Armenological Centers.


Disclosed are a high power collection and supply system and a high power collection device therefor. The high power collection and supply system comprises a supply device for supplying power in a magnetic induction manner using a supply core for receiving power from supply power mounted therein and supplying a route of magnetic flux generated by a current flowing a supply cable connected to the supply power and a supply unit including the supply cable winding the supply core; and a collection device which includes a collection core to which the magnetic flux is induced and a collection cable branched into n numbers to wind the collection core and receives the induced electromotive force formed from the supply device using a collection unit magnetically coupled to the supply unit by the magnetic flux. [Reference numerals] (130) Battery; (330) Current collector circuit; (AA) Width direction; (BB) Length direction


Introduction: Intestinal parasitosis constitutes a major public health problem, especially in developing countries intestinal protozoa parasites play an important role in triggering diseases in specific groups such as immunocompromised individuals and young children. Methods: A total of 269 stool samples were collected from inpatient and outpatient clinics of Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makah, Saudi Arabia. Two groups of patients were studied, 139 immunosuppressed patients and 130 immunocompetent patients. Stool samples were examined by wet saline and iodine mounts. A concentration technique, Mini parasep® Concentrator was carried out for negative stool samples by wet saline and iodine mounts. Samples were stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain. The ImmunoCard STAT CGE rapid test was done for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. Aim of the present work: The present study determines the prevalence and symptoms associated with opportunistic intestinal protozoal infections among immunosuppressed patients in Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makah, Saudi Arabia. Results: Total 60 cases (43.2%) were positive for parasitic infections among immunosuppressed patients, whereas 28 cases (21.5%) were positive in the control immunocompetent group. Blastocystis hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum were the most common protozoan infections in immunosuppressed patients (33.3% and 28.3%, respectively). Giardia lamblia was the most common protozoan infection in the control group (53.6%). The most frequent symptoms among the immunosupressed patients were: flatulence, (39.5%); weight loss, (24.4%); abdominal pain, (15.1%); diarrhea, (9.3%). There was a significant difference between the two groups: flatulence and abdominal pain were more prevalent in the control group than in immunosupressed patients (p < 0.05).


Abstract We continue to study the functioning of the human lung. Earlier, an automaton model has been constructed of self-cleaning of dust-loaded lungs in a pure environment. In this paper, we study the Moore diagram of the suitable automaton. As the characteristic states of the diagram we choose the states with no predecessors, such states are called start ones. We study the start states of the Moore diagram.


The key aspects and features of the exhibition '21st century: art in the first decade' by the Gallery of Modern Art (GoMA) are discussed. It is a highly interactive, spectacular and optimistic exhibition showcasing socially conscious artwork of the 21st century.


A portal is a powerful Web site that gives users a single point of access to applications and information in a unified interface. A portal lets users view each application or web page in its own window, called a portlet, and a single browser window can contain multiple portlets. The portlet based on JSP168&WSRP is a new technology for interactive, user-facing web services that plug and play with portals. Thanks to the development of Portal&Web GIS, the GIS Poratl is focused on more and more by the researcheres. This paper studies the GIS Portal defined by ESRI and analyzes the development's status, compares with the commercial Portal and points out the great shortage of the ESRI GIS Portal: lack in Personal content and UI. Therefor this paper goes into depth on the discussion of design and implementation scheme of real GIS Portal, and proposes the new idea of developing customized, plug and play GIS Portal Module based on JSP168 Portlet technology and WSRP standard. This way can resolve the difficult problem of the GIS Portal on lacking of content and customization function. According to this idea, this paper plans to use the JaveBeans provided by GeoSurf to develop visual portlet which have basic operating fuction of GIS. Finally deploys the GIS Portal uing the WebLogic Portal.


The intrasynovial injection of triamcinolone acetonide for the relief of arthritic or bursitic pain was carried out in 67 patients. They were selected because of pain, tenderness, or limitation of motion, occurring primarily in a single joint or bursa. The injections were into a joint cavity in 25 patients and into a bursa in 42. The usual dose was 5 mg., with a volume of 1 ml. Aseptic techniques were strictly observed, and no infections occurred. The results were good to excellent in most cases; swelling and pain were reduced, and mobility was increased. The dosage of triamcinolone acetonide used did not cause untoward side-effects, either local or systemic, even when repeated twice weekly for several months.


Making voice calls for faster information exchange is showing its increasing demands day by day. IP telephony is sensible in the view to provide such platform. IP telephony in heterogeneous network environments can prove its dominating characteristics while working on IP platform as compared with circuit switched network. Interface using SGGN gateway for IP telephony, to provide channel to all WiFi users to make voice calls to GPRS mobile user, can provide ultimate solution for the need. In the existing EPBX system this can be used as add-on feature. Data traffic on existing GPRS networks have proved reliability in terms of less delays and cheaper way of information exchange. At the same time VoIP on WiFi network is shwoing increasing demand for corporate VPNs today. Interconnecting these two will provide more reliable and single device-multi interface platform and add more flexibility to its users. Unlicensed mobile access using WiFi can provide such integration of different networks together. The analysis has been done by simulating unlicensed mobile access (UMA) on NS2. Analysis indicates that the system can perform better for maximum number of users with less end to end delays and optimum throughput.


A new master recorder with UV Ar laser ((lambda) equals 351.1) has been developed to study high density optical recording for a future optical video disc system, in combination with high resolution photoresist process. High CNR of 63 dB was demonstrated in 4-times density recording using a read-out optical system with He-Cd laser ((lambda) equals 441.6 nm).


A modified method of preparing highly purified polymannuronic acid and polyguluronic acid was developed wherein acid hydrolysis was carried out using oxalic acid and separation was made using the difference of solubility with pH value. The simplified method using FTIR measurement to estimate the M/G ratio of alginate was investigated using Ca or Mn salts of alginate. The developed method appears to offer enhanced accuracy compared to that of previous techniques. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1372–1377, 2004


Objective To explore the correlation between bacteria in breast milk and newborn feces and breast milk jaundice( BMJ). Methods 76 newborns with BMJ and their mothers were enrolled to the BMJ group,and 76 healthy newborns and their mothers were enrolled to the control group. The bacteria in breast milk and newborns' feces were detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The difference of bacteria content between the two groups was compared,and the correlation between serum bilirubin level and bacteria content was evaluated.Results The contents of Bifidobacterium adolescentis,Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum in breast milk and newborns feces in the BMJ group were significantly lower than those in the control group( P 0. 01). Bifidobacterium bifidum in breast milk was significantly negatively correlated with the total serum bilirubin( r =- 534,P 0. 01); and the Bifidobacterium adolescentis,Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum in newborns feces were significantly positively correlated with the total serum bilirubin( r =- 0. 675,- 0. 598,- 0. 472,P 0. 01). Conclusion The decline of the concentration of bifidobacterium species in breast milk may be associated with BMJ.


Length variation and heteroplasmy were observed in PCR products of the first half of mtDNA control region of both Hong Kong grouper (Epinephelus akaara) and yellow grouper (Epinephelus awoara). DNA sequencing unveiled the phenomena were caused by the presence of species‐specific long variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). This is the first report on the mtDNA VNTRs and their heteroplasmy in groupers. Moreover, these VNTRs are also the longest such structure found in teleost fish. Thereafter, we designed two species‐specific PCR reverse primers according to the 3′ end sequences of the VNTRs and successfully established assays for the identification of these two sympatric grouper species.


When 3 pineapple varieties (D-10, D-20, and Smooth Cayenne) were exposed to field populations of melon flies, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, and oriental fruit flies, D. dorsalis Hendel, no larvae or pupae developed from them. Thus, none of the 3 varieties was any more susceptible than the others to infestation by either pest species.


In this paper, a robust controller for hovering stabilization of a quadrotor is proposed. The proposed controller is based upon the compensation of the position of center of gravity CoG by a bounded of control torque. To avoid complexities and ambiguities associated with other attitude representations such as Euler angles or quaternions, both of the attitude dynamics and the proposed control system are globally expressed on the special orthogonal-3 (SO(3)) group. The robust compensator is introduced to restrain the influence of uncertain parameters of quadrotor such as the center of gravity. The stability of the designed controller is verified by the Lyapunov stability theorem, and the validity of the proposed controller is demonstrated by simulations under different simulation scenarios. Simulation results show that the proposed controller is robust to stabilize hovering condition, given a deviated CoG. Moreover, this controller gives a better performance compared to the nominal proportional derivative controller.


Apparatus for the execution of an object-oriented code, said apparatus comprising a runtime (355, 360, 1004) that interprets dependency declarations producers (320, 1016) in the object-oriented code for procedures in the code object-oriented, identifying such statements dependency of producers in a runtime a set of zero or more producers, wherein a producer (110) is a construction instantiated a runtime, in which each producer is instantiated from a respective combination of a particular instance (108) of a class and a particular method (104) of that class and identifies said particular instance (108) and said particular method (104), wherein execution of a producer results in the procedure identified by the producer that is running the instance identified by that producer, including runtime: one D module and automated generation of producer graphs (340, 365, 1040) to receive a designation of a producer of interest (325, 1025), to add the producer of interest as part of a producer graph, and to automatically generate a remainder of producer graph through linking, and instantiation if necessary, of other producers based on the dependency declarations of procedures producers identified by the producers already in the producer graph; and an execution module producer graph (345, 370, 1070) to execute the producers in the producer graph in the order indicated by the producer graph.


We demonstrated 344-Gb/s OOK OTDM transmissions over 3-km SMF fiber using a new scheme based on pulse position modulation in OTDM transmissions to achieve stable clock recovery and channel identification through in-band clock distribution.


We compare two distinct models of evaporative cooling of a magnetically guided atomic beam: a continuous one, consisting in approximating the atomic distribution function by a truncated equilibrium distribution, and a discrete-step one, in which the evaporation process is described in terms of successive steps consisting in a truncation of the distribution followed by rethermalization. Calculations are performed for the semilinear potential relevant for experiments. We show that it is possible to map one model onto the other, allowing us to infer, for the discrete-step model, the rethermalization kinetics, which turns out to be strongly dependent upon the shape of the confining potential.