Abstract The surface tension and pressure of water in carbon nanotubes with diameters from 0.4 to 1.0 nm have been calculated and analysed in detail. In particular, it was shown that it is necessary to consider the Tolman correction during the calculation of these values.


Four commercially available assays were compared with a 14C DNA Farr assay for their ability to detect anti-DNA antibodies in 119 sera from 109 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 25 control sera. The 14C DNA Farr assay was the most sensitive and specific assay (SLE, 57% positive, controls, 0%). A commercial 125I DNA Farr assay was significantly less sensitive (SLE, 39% positive). The fluorescence human chromosomal preparation assay was as sensitive as the 14C DNA Farr assay (SLE, 58% positive) but less specific (controls, 8% positive). The immunofluorescence Crithidia luciliae assay was specific, but less sensitive (SLE, 37% positive) than the 14C DNA Farr assay. Adaptation of Crithidia to immunoperoxidase did not alter its sensitivity or performance. These results confirm that the 14C DNA Farr assay, locally refined and performed by experienced hands, is the most sensitive and specific assay for anti-DNA antibodies. The 125I DNA Farr was no more sensitive than the Crithidia assay but considerably more laborious. The human chromosomal preparation may be suitable as a rapid screening test for anti-DNA antibodies.


The emergence of tourism industrial cluster supplies opportunities for tourism industrial cluster's upgrade. As an important channel for information access and dissemination, network platform can improve tourism products' transaction efficiency and promote its rapid escalation, which will help to breaks through the geographical limitation, save the costs of divergent, stimulate even enhance the innovative capability of enterprises, and strengthen division of labor, collaboration and competition between enterprises. Through analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of tourism industrial cluster, this paper discusses the new features of networking platform, and reveals the mechanism to tourism industrial cluster. At last, some suggestions to the existing questions of network applications are offered.


This thesis aimed to find out the effectiveness of using SQ3R method to teach students' reading comprehension on narrative texts.Thisresearch used an experimental research. The population of this researchwas all of tenth grade of SMAN 13 Semarang in the academic year of 207/2018. In taking the sample, the writer used cluster sampling (area sampling). Class XI MIPA 3 was chosen as a try out class, X MIPA 2 as an experimental class and class X MIPA 3 as a control class. The instrument of this research was test. There were three tests in this research; they were try-out test, pre-test and post-test. Pre test is given to know the students' ability before get a treatment and post test is given to measure the students' ability after get treatment. The formula that used to analyze the data of pre-test and post-test was t-test. After collecting the data, it was found that the pre-test average score experimental class was52.895and control class was 50.132. Meanwhile, the post-test average score of experimental was 71.578 and control class was66.973. It was obtained that t-test was 2.543 and t-table was 1.666 for alpha (α) 5%. The t-test was higher than t-table (2.543> 1.666). It means that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. So, it can be concluded that the use of SQ3R Method was effective in the teaching reading of narrative texts.


We propose a multivariate nonparametric technique for generating reliable scenarios and confidence intervals for the term structure of interest rates from historical data. The approach is based on a functional gradient descent (FGD) estimation of the conditional mean vector and the conditional volatility matrix of a multivariate interest rate series. The methodology is computationally feasible in large dimensions and avoids the use of variance reduction techniques like for instance principle components analysis. Moreover, it can account for a non-linear time series dependence of interest rates at all available maturities. Based on the estimated FGD terms structure dynamics we apply filtered historical simulation to compute out-of-sample term structure scenarios and confidence intervals. We apply our methodology to daily USD bond data and back-test its out-of-sample accuracy for forecasting horizons from 1 to 10 days. When compared with some further scenario generating technologies based on principal components, a multivariate CCC-GARCH model, or the exponential smoothing volatility forecasting technique used by the RiskMetrics approach, we find empirical evidence of a clearly higher predictive potential of FGD-based scenarios generating techniques. Specifically, at forecasting horizons of one day FGD provided accurate multivariate VaR computations for times to maturity between one month and thirty years. For longer horizons (i.e. ten days) accurate VaR predictions are obtained for times to maturity between roughly one and thirty years.


Shared identity can be a powerful tool for persuasion. In online communities, people can recognize shared identity through perceiving identity signals in writing. Analyzing these types of signals in text could therefore indicate the targets of persuasive online strategies, such as misinformation campaigns. In this vision paper, we first elaborate on why identity signalling is an important area to study in persuasive online text, and then outline some initial steps to facilitate research in this area.


The surface temperature distribution of high temperature solar materials is a key parameter in concentrating solar thermal applications. As contact thermometry is often not appropriate in the presence of high-flux solar irradiation, pyrometric techniques can be adopted. However, depending on the optical properties of the sample, special measurement treatments are required to eliminate the bias in the pyrometric measurement resulting from the single and multiple surface reflections of incoming solar radiation. Several pyrometric methodologies for particular applications have been reported in literature. In this paper a more general approach to this technique and its adaptation for the use in high temperature solar receivers is presented. The measurement requirements including the necessity and type of a selective filter are obtained from the analysis of the spectral bi-directional reflectance and the operational range of temperature. According to these conditions a classification of materials encountered in solar receivers is given and adequate measurement methodologies are suggested for each type of receiver and temperature range.


As open enrollment charter districts have continued to grow in Texas, researchers and policymakers have continued to investigate how charter districts market themselves to the public in an effort to recruit students, teachers, and finances. Although a wealth of research has examined how charter districts recruit students, teachers, and finances through traditional methods, recent developments in computer science now allows researchers to measure the size and visibility of district websites on the Internet. As a result, this study uses the Texas Education Agency and SEMrush data from the 2018–2019 school year to compare the website size and popularity of charter school district and traditional public school district websites to understand how these districts invest in their robustness of their web presence. Results suggest that when compared to traditional public school districts in Texas, charter school districts publish smaller websites (p < 0.001) and are less popular on the Internet (p < 0.001) than traditional public peers. Implications for research, policy, and competition between open enrollment charter districts and traditional public school districts are addressed.


Social and political considerations alone are inadequate to be the basis for pluralist attitudes so as to build relationships between religious communities because conflicts between religious communities still occur. This pluralist attitude needs a theological foundation to be made reliable. The purpose of this study is to explore the thoughts of religious leaders in Malang on the scriptural basis of religious pluralism, the methods of thinking used and the forms of activities applied. The analysis method uses the interview as the source of primary data. Document analysis was also carried out. Twelve religious leaders were the subjects, representing six religions in Malang: Islam, Catholicism, Protestantism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism. The results of the study showed that the thoughts of religious leaders were divided into two: pluralist and inclusive. There are four models of their thinking methods: privatisation, filtering, hermeneutics and proportionality. The thought of religious pluralism were applied in two forms: doctrine and social activities. The findings of this study are twofold: first, correcting Webber's theory of the relationship of beliefs and deeds; second, a new method called "Patterns of Pluralism Interpretation". Based on this, the research suggests that pluralist verses continue to be socialised and more interfaith social activities have been carried out.


The proximity potential is obtained in the form of the generalized 'pocket formula' for a collision between any two symmetric or asymmetric mass, deformed and noncoplanar (including also the case of coplanar) nuclei, having the fixed orientations {theta}{sub 1} and {theta}{sub 2} and any azimuthal angle {phi}(=0 deg. - 90 deg.). The method is applied first to some illustrative axially symmetric noncoplanar nuclei with the known 'gentle'- and 'hugging'-fusion configurations ({theta}{sub 1}={theta}{sub 2}=90 deg., {phi}=90 deg.). The very general case of noncoplanar nuclei having any orientation and azimuthal angles is also discussed. Application of the method to a specific reaction that has been used in experiments for synthesizing a superheavy nucleus is also made.


In February and March 2020, Dr Amanda Minervini of Colorado College and Fred Kudjo Kuwornu taught for the first time in the United States a course dedicated entirely to Black Italian youth and media: 'Black Italian Cinema and Digital Performance'. We created 'Black Italian Cinema and Digital Performance' as an introduction to issues of culture, race, identity, and citizenship in contemporary Italy, drawing from documentary, film, and the new arena of social media. An entire generation of Black Italians, in particular artists, entrepreneurs, and bloggers (especially Millennials), have been affirming themselves in Italian culture and society, gaining progressively more visibility starting in the 1990s, and thus entering the spotlight of the Global Black Diaspora. When teaching this course, we asked questions such as: What themes/issues/topics are most discussed among Black Italians? Which art forms do they cite and refer to? In what ways and through which channels do Black Italians engage with the Global Black Diaspora? How is this generation seeking to be included in the history and socio-economic system of a country that still refuses citizenship to children born on Italian soil? What kind of cultural and artistic production has been emerging from 'the new Italians'? We included Fred's documentaries (the screenings were open to the general public), as well as works of emerging artists such as the writer Antonio Dikele Distefano, the rapper Ghali, and web-based projects such as 'Afroitalian Souls'. Thanks to Fred's connections, we were able to have a few Skype guests, such as Dr Camilla Hawthorne of the Department of Sociology at the University of California Santa Cruz; Laila Petrone, an Italian-Dominican filmmaker based in Los Angeles; Bellamy Okot, founder and editor-in-chief of the community blog Afroitalian Souls; and Dagmawi Yimer, an Ethiopian-born Italian filmmaker. We conceived 'Black Italian Cinema and Digital Performance' as an innovative course for departments of Italian studies and film studies alike, first of all because we could not find elsewhere any courses entirely dedicated to Black Italian experience, in particular dedicated to the generation of young Black people born and raised in Italy. We also felt that the artwork by Black Italians, and the social issues they identify, represent, and criticise, needed more visibility. The new generation of Black Italians has been creating an incredibly rich, mostly still (academically) uncharted world. Dr Amanda Minervini has always taught courses that invite reflections on themes related to diversity, and she had been wanting to teach with Fred since the first time she had invited him to give a talk on the Colorado College campus, in 2017. From that moment


Guide for Ziv Eisenberg's seminars in Spring 2014, History of the Modern Body and Reproductive Health, Gender, and Power in the U.S.


This study aims to find out how the Role of Muhammadiah 1 Malang MTs Principal in an effort to improve the Quality of Education with the Research focus as follows: 1) how is the quality of education developed at MTs Muhammadiah 1 Malang? 2) What are the efforts of the principal as a leader in improving the quality of education at Muhammadiah 1 Malang MTs? and 3) What obstacles do principals feel in improving the quality of education a MTs Muhammadiah 1 Malang ?
This research is a qualitative research with case study design. Data collection in this study was conducted by interview, observation and documentation techniques. The researcher collected primary and secondary data in which the data gathered by the researchers were in accordance with the research theme.
The results showed that the quality of education available at the MTs Muhammadiah 1 Malang was fairly good, this can be seen from various aspects such as the teacher, the quality of learning, student achievement and also proven by the acquisition of A. in order to improve the quality of education coaches, drivers, directors, and always make improvements to achieve better quality education.


With increase in the storage capacity of hard disk drives, the flying height of the magnetic head is now typically less than a few nanometers. Picked up lubricant on the slider surface causes the head flying instability. On the head disk interface (HDI) of heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), the disk surface is heated to a high temperature of 400 – 500 K. If the lubricant is evaporated by laser heating and that should accumulate as smear on the slider surface. Kiely et al. concluded that the head smear played a key role not only for the stability of the HDI, but also for the transmission efficiency of the thermal energy from the near field transducer to the recording media in the HAMR system [1]. In this study, we have studied the molecularly structural change of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricant accumulated on the pin surface at laser heating using TOF-SIMS in order to obtain the design guideline of lubricant film with the high heat resistance for the HAMR. TOF-SIMS spectrum of lubricant accumulated on a pin surface was compared to that of disk lubricant inside and outside laser heated track as shown in Fig. 1. The molecular weight could be obtained from these TOF-SIMS spectra. In addition, the progress of end-groups dissociation by laser heating could be estimated by the intensity of end-group fragments. As the results, the molecular weight of accumulated lubricant was smaller than that of disk lubricant and that of disk lubricant was larger than that of normal lubricant. The dissociation of end-groups increased with the temperature of laser heating as shown in Fig. 2.


As the informal graph was introduced newly in the area of function in middle school mathematics curriculum revised in 2015, ten publishing company became to have a concern on how to represent the graph content uniquely and newly. At this time, it may be meaningful and useful to compare and analyze the content of the graph unit shown on each textbook published by publishing companies. To accomplish this, on fundamentally the basis of diverse prior researches this study tried to select the elements of expression and interpretation of the graph and establish an analytic frameworks of expression and interpretation of the graph respectively. This study executed the frequency analysis and cross analysis by textbook system, textbook, and the number of the graph drawn on a coordinate plane on the representation and interpretation of the graph. As a result, the textbook contains more items on interpretation than the representation of the graph, and students showed a learning effect on the graph unit but showed a neutral response to the impact of learning. This basic and essential paper shed light on developing the practical and more creative textbook which has diversity and characteristic respectively, while adjusting the scope of the elements of the graph's representations and interpretations and providing proper level and quality content.


Objective To measure and analyze the trajectory and velocity of mandibular movement in three dimensions during speech.Methods Thirty-two volunteers with normal occlusion participated in this study.The mandibular movement during speech was recorded synchronously by BioPAK Ⅱ system.Results The maximum opening and closing velocity of the mandibular movement during speech is(96.19±38.66) mm/s and(86.89±31.96) mm/s.The mean values of amplitude were:(9.93±3.85) mm in frontal opening;(1.09±0.76) mm in protrusion;(5.24±2.23) mm in retrusion;(1.65±0.94) mm in translations to the right;(1.58±0.93) mm in translations to the left.ConclusionThe mandibular movement during speech are discreet,with an anteroposterior component and with the presence of lateral translations.The mean values for the maximum velocity of opening and closing of the mandibular during speech are directly correlated.


Tujiangchong Tunnel was as the background and the pre-reinforcement action of double-layer pipe roof in the multi-arch tunnel construction under the existing highway was simulated by FLAC3D.The beam element was adopted to simulate the steel pipes and jet-grouting was simulated by appropriately enhancing the property parameter of surrounding rock reinforced by pipe roof.The results show that the deformation and the force of pipe roof nearby the excavation face were larger.Based on the comparison with the field-test values and the calculation results of pipe roof reinforcement and without pipe roof reinforcement,the pre-reinforcement action of double-layer pipe roof in the multi-arch tunnel construction under the existing highway was evaluated.The comparison results show that the main action of pipe roof was restraining ground movement and the deformation of primary lining,and the potential ground surface settlement caused by tunnel excavation could reduce 40%~50% with the double-layer pipe roof pre-reinforcement.


EDITOR,--U M Guly and colleagues state that their study, which claims to show that "paramedics and technicians are equally successful at managing cardiac arrest outside hospital," does not "diminish the role of paramedics."1 Yet the paragraph about their paper in This week in BMJ concludes that such patients "are best treated" by technicians and calls into question the requirement of having a paramedic in …


Objective
To explore the effect of SOC mode intervention on self-efficacy and health literacy of middle-aged and young patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods
From November 2016 to November 2017, 112 young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease who were admitted to the department of cardiovascular medicine of a third-class first-class hospital in Tangshan city were grouped according to the time sequence of admission, with odd numbers as the control group and even numbers as the intervention group.The control group adopted the conventional nursing mode, and the intervention group took the SOC mode as the theoretical basis on the basis of the conventional nursing mode.Targeted intervention measures were taken according to the different stages of the patients, and the intervention lasted for 1 month. The self-efficacy and health literacy of the patients in the two groups were evaluated before and after the intervention.

Results
Before intervention, there was no significant difference in self-efficacy and health literacy scores between the two groups(P>0.05). After intervention, the total score of self-efficacy in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05), and the scores of symptoms, role, emotion and communication with doctors were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). After intervention, the total score of health literacy in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). The total score of health literacy and information acquisition ability, communication and interaction ability, willingness to support the economy, and willingness to change the health were higher in the two groups than before the intervention, but the total score of health literacy and all dimensions in the intervention group were higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).

Conclusions
SOC-based intervention can improve the self-efficacy and health literacy of young and middle-aged CHD patients.

Key words:
SOC mode; Young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease; Self-efficacy; Health literacy


Objective:To explore the effect of STAT3 in promotion of proliferation of breast cancer cells with bisphenol A,and research the exact machanism of breast cancer induced by bisphenol A.Methods:Western blot was used to detect the expressions of STAT3 at 24 and 48 hours after treating breast cancer MCF-7 cells with bisphenol A,MTT method was used to detect the effect of bisphenol A on proliferation of breast cells after suppressing STAT3 with RNA interfering technique.Results:The results of Western blot showed that the inducing effect of STAT3 after treated with 1 μM bisphenol A for 48 hours was the most obvious(P0.05);a case-control study was performed to screen out effective interfering fragments,which suppressed the expression of STAT3 gene significantly,when interfering fragments suppressed expression of STAT3 gene,bisphenol A didn't suppress the proliferative effect of STAT3 on breast cancer MCF-7 cells(P0.05).Conclusion:The activation of STAT3 and signal transduction after activation is a very important link in proliferative effect of breast cancer cells induced by bisphenol A.


Abstract : The operational deployments NATO Forces are conducting often present very high levels of stress for the soldiers. Large numbers of them (up to 15% within the U.S. Infantry) develop mental health problems afterwards. These include Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a wide range of co-morbidity (e.g. alcohol-misuse, violence, dangerous driving...) and a much increased risk for suicide. To address these problems that engender lots of suffering for the veterans and their families and draw significant resources to provide them with adequate care, the Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFMP) of NATO's Research and Technology Organization (RTO) has initiated a successful series of Technical Activities on advancing the science, the options for applications and the state-of-practice in the challenging area of mental health (e.g. HFM-081, 103, 159, 171, 175, 178, 179, 193, 203). The HFM-205 Symposium provided a timely and successful venue to set a framework for future HFMP work on Mental Health and Well- Being within the Military.


This paper takes raw milk as research object, and using mid-infrared spectrum analysis method rapidly tests dry matter in raw milk through establishing quantitative analysis model. First of all, researchers collect 84 kinds of raw milk which is different areas and varieties in Heilongjiang province, and classify 84 samples into calibration sets and validation sets by standard chemical testing and spectral scanning on raw milk, and calibration sets contain 64 samples, and validation sets contain 20 samples. Then, respectively selecting SPA and GA characteristic wavelength after treating by smoothing denoising method which window size is 11 points, and establishing PLS model and model demonstration. Eventually, researchers draw the conclusion that SPA wavelength selection method which value of m_max is 10 and GA wavelength selection method which value of Evaluat is 10d can effectively improve validation set model precision, but precision of the latter is higher and characteristic wavelength point reduces from 352 to 10, The calibrating determination coefficient R2 of model is 0.8092155, root mean square error (RMSEC ) is 0.1206172. Validation set determination coefficient R2 is 0.8620867, the root mean square error (RMSEC) is 0.0950656, and relative standard deviation RSD<3%. These prove that the method for rapid testing of raw milk components is feasible.


Introduction: The skin covers the entire surface of the human body, and is considered its largest organ. The resistance of bacteria to antibiotics represents a growing concern in wound infections, this is evidenced by the fact that wounds associated with a heavy bacterial load often present healing failures, increasing healthcare costs for the patient and healing time. Objective: To evidence through national and international literature the therapeutic potential of silver nanoparticle-based dressings in the healing process. Methodology: This is a literature review of a dissertative and explanatory nature. To theoretically support this review, the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) and the Nursing Databases (BDENF) were used. The search period was from February to April 2022, with temporal delimitation from 2017 to 2022, because these were the years that most studies on the topic of interest were obtained. The Boolean searchers (AND and OR) were used: ¬ "Nanoparticle-based dressing OR "Pressure injury" AND "Nanoprene therapy" AND "Multiprofessional team" in BDENF and BDTD, interrelated with the Boolean operators AND and OR. This study included original articles, available in full, case studies, clinical studies, randomized studies, theses and dissertations on the topic in question, published from 2016 to 2022, in English and Portuguese. As exclusion criteria, it was decided not to use articles that were not adjusted to the object of study, which ran away from the theme proposed by the authors, those that were duplicated in electronic databases, incomplete texts, unavailable in full, literature reviews, guides, technical manuals and letters to the reader. A total of 211 articles were found in the BDTD and 17 in the BDENF database, totaling 228 studies found. Of these, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 211 were excluded and 17 studies were selected because they met the study objective. Results: The AgNP-based dressing, presents great potential in pharmaceutical, therapeutic and biomedical applications, and can be applied in the composition of topical products such as ointments, gels and adhesives.Conclusion: Dressings based on silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are being widely used in biomedical sciences, being relevant to circumvent bacterial resistance to antibiotics, improving the quality of life of affected patients and consequently reducing hospital costs.


Observational results are reported concerning the optical properties of the X-ray cluster of galaxies A478. A cluster redshift of 0.09 is determined, which implies a cluster X-ray luminosity of 10 to the 45th power erg/s over the energy range from 2 to 6 keV. The cluster is classified as type cD, the center of the cluster is found to be consistent with the position of the cD galaxy, and it is shown that the surface distribution of the galaxies in the cluster is well described by a bounded isothermal gas-sphere model. The core radius of the galaxy distribution is estimated to be about 1.5 arcmin, corresponding to approximately 0.20 Mpc for a Hubble constant of 50 km/s per Mpc. It is noted that the observed galaxy distribution is somewhat asymmetric, being elongated along the NE-SW direction.


Abstract : In the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, it became apparent to U.S. foreign policy makers that Northwest Africa was more than just a humanitarian concern. This realization led to the establishment of a multi-pronged, multi-year counterterrorism strategy in the Trans-Sahara region that incorporated diplomacy, development, and defense. Despite these unprecedented efforts, the Sahel sub-region has witnessed a steady rise in the presence of Salafi-Jihadist organizations since 2003. Furthermore, the states in the region remain incapable of defending against these organizations without significant outside assistance. This thesis examines the efficacy of U.S. counterterrorism strategy in the region vis--vis African states capacity to explain the persisting Salafi-Jihadist organizations in the region. Exploring Salafi-Jihadisms ideological, doctrinal, and historical aspects illustrates that these organizations have limited interest in political solutions. The thesis uses Nigeria, Mali, and Mauritania as three case studies to examine the period between 2001 and 2014 to demonstrate how Salafi-Jihadisms components have successfully exploited these states limited capacity, thereby undermining U.S. counterterrorism efforts. The thesis concludes by considering the impacts that these conclusions will have on future counterterrorism initiatives.


Numerous applications of constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) exhibit global constraints. Such constraints abound in resource-allocation-type problems, as well as in other domains. The form of global constraint we consider are counter constraints , which limit the number of variables that may be assigned particular values. This paper integrates counter constraints with the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) paradigm in a novel manner. Counter constraints are problematic for most heuristics, which are local in scope. We suggest a useful heuristic for value ordering , based on estimated likelihood of solution, and show its advantages empirically. The heuristic is useful for standard CSPs, as well as ones with counter constraints, where it approximates the number of solutions for a particular value assignment to a variable. Counter constraints can be represented in standard CSPs, at a cost. We analyze the cost, show how a counter can be represented as a linear number of binary constraints, and show experimentally that even with the optimal reduction it is better to represent counters explicitly rather than as a set of local constraints.


F or most of Earth's history, life was microscopic and, even today, microorganisms dominate the planet. Hence, we believe that, if life exists beyond Earth, it likely started as microorganisms and may remain at this stage. Much of contemporary astrobiological research focuses on the metabolic potential of microorganisms and their ability to inhabit extreme environments. The search for life beyond Earth prioritizes the search for liquid water because water on Earth is closely associated with life. However, our understanding of where liquid water can be found is changing. Moons in the outer solar system, including Europa, Ganymede, and Enceladus that orbit either Jupiter or Saturn, although covered with ice, carry subsurface oceans containing many times the volume of liquid water on Earth and may provide the greatest volume of habitable space in our solar system. On many of these worlds, water is maintained as a liquid through radiogenic decay, tidal energy dissipation, and the mere fact that ice floats and serves as a good insulator. These oceans are there today and have likely persisted for much of the history of the solar system, providing key environments in which to search for extant life beyond Earth—life from a second, independent origin. The recent discoveries of metabolically active microorganisms in subglacial environments on Earth provide useful analogues in that search. Of these worlds, Europa holds perhaps the greatest potential as a modern habitat for microbial life, and its relatively thin ice shell of about 5–15 km eases the technical challenges of trying to detect such life. Along with a liquid ocean, Europa also likely harbors a rocky seafloor that can supply energy and elements needed to drive metabolism (Fig. 1). With the goal of investigating the habitability of Europa, the National Aeronautical and Space Agency (NASA) has recently identified a mission to Europa as second only to a Mars sample-return mission. Here, we focus on the potential for microbial habitability on Europa, drawing on what we know about microbial life in Earth's sub-ice environments.


A semicontinuum model is developed for solvated electrons in alcohol–alkane solutions and glasses. Two geometrical models are considered. In model I a discrete number (4 or 6) of alcohol molecules forms the first solvation shell for the electron and the alkane forms the continuum. In model II the first solvation shell contains discrete alcohol molecules, the second solvation shell contains a continuum of alcohol molecules, and the alkane forms the continuum beyond the second solvation shell. The calculated optical absorption maxima agree reasonably with the limited experimental data available. The most interesting prediction is that in solution, but not in the glass, a bound–free transition dominates the optical spectrum for model I while a bound–bound transition dominates the optical spectrum for model II. The second alcohol solvation shell appears to play a large role in localizing the excited state wavefunction.


Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is a chronic lung disease caused by various physical and chemical factors, which causes immature lung injury and abnormal repair after injury.In recent years, BPD has become one of the most difficult problems in neonatal intensive care unit.Notch signaling pathway is a conservative pathway that plays a regulatory role in embryonic development.Notch signaling pathways have a wide range of biological effects.By mediating cell-to-cell interactions, Notch signals can finely regulate the growth, development and apoptosis of cells.This article reviews the relationship between Notch signaling pathway and BPD in lung development, hyperoxia-induced lung injury and lung regeneration.

Key words:
Notch signaling pathway; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Hyperoxia lung injury


Photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the best renewable energy sources for power generation system due to their pollution free and low cost properties. The PV cells has less efficiency compared to other source of power generation. The system efficiency is improved by reducing components count, which reduces the losses. In this paper a new three port converter (TPC) is proposed for stand-alone renewable power applications. The proposed converter has three switches to achieve the power flow control. Single inductor is used for common energy transfer element for two different sources. The coupled inductor is used to increase the voltage conversion ratio with reasonable duty cycle. Thus the proposed converter has high voltage gain with less components count. The output voltage is regulated through feedback network. The system performance is verified through simulation results.


Using different regression forecasting methods and with the help of Excel, the container freight volume of domestic coastal routes of China for the near future is predicted to assist shipping companies in adjusting strategies timely and minimizing loss in the global financial tsunami.


Quantum cascade lasers are coherent light sources in the mid-IR spectral region. They are based on resonant tunneling and optical transitions between discrete energy levels in the conduction band arising form size quantization in semiconductor heterostructures. QCLs have been demonstrated on GaInAs/AlInAs/InP and GaAs/AlGaAs outperforming existing semiconductor laser technologies in the mid-IR spectral range. The present paper reports the realization of a QCL based on GaAs/AlGaAs material designed with an emission wavelength of 9.3 micrometers . Specific properties inherent to this material system and their influence on laser operation are discussed in detail. The paper concludes with the presentation of a new waveguide concept, which offers considerable performance improvements.


A low-temperature process employing activated carbon-based catalysts and operating downstream of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was evaluated jointly by Research Triangle Institute (RTI) and the University of Waterloo (Waterloo). The RTI-Waterloo process was projected to be capable of removing more than 95% SO{sub 2} and 75% NO{sub x }from coal combustion flue gas. In the process, the flue gas leaving the ESP is first cooled to approximately 100{degree}C. The SO{sub 2} is then catalytically oxidized to SO{sub 3} which is removed as medium-strength sulfuric acid in a series of periodically flushed trickle-bed reactors containing an activated carbon-based catalyst. The SO{sub 2}-free gas is then reheated to approximately 150{degree}C and NH{sub 3} is injected into the gas stream. It is then passed over a fixed bed of another activated carbon-based catalyst to reduce the NO{sub x} to N{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O. The clean flue gas is then vented to the stack. The feasibility of the process has been demonstrated in laboratory-scale experiments using simulated flue gas. Catalysts have been identified that gave the required performance for SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} removal with <25 ppM NH{sub 3} slip. Potential for producing up to 10 N sulfuric acid by periodically flushingmore » the SO{sub 2} removal reactor and further concentration to industrial strength 93.17% sulfuric acid was also demonstrated. Using the results of the experimental work, an engineering evaluation was conducted. Cost for the RTI-Waterloo process was competitive with conventional selective catalytic reduction (SCR) -- flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process and other emerging combined SO{sub 2}/NO{sub x} removal processes.« less


Using ab initio approach the self-diffusion mechanisms in both B2-TiNi and γ-TiAl alloys are investigated. It is shown that in TiNi self-diffusion is dominated by Ni sixjump cycle [001] mechanism but the contribution of the next-nearest-neighbor mechanism becomes important with temperature increase. In TiAl the diffusion within own sublattice is found to be preferential with Ti as faster diffuser. The common trends in the oxygen diffusion in both alloys are discussed.


In this paper, the weighted boundedness of multilinear operators related to some non-convolution operators for the extreme cases are obtained. The operators include Littlewood-Paley operator, Marcinkiewicz operator and Bochner-Riesz operator.


The purpose of this short review, based in part on ideas developed in an article by the author and Fagundes [3], is to emphasize that the gauge-fixing condition, necessary to eliminate the spurious degrees of freedom of the electromagnetic field, is elegantly handled by Dencker's work on the propagation of polarization sets for systems of real principal type.


In this paper, amine-functionalized superparamagnetic nanogel was obtained by Hoffman degradation of the PAM-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared by photochemical in situ polymerization. alpha-Chymotrypsin was successfully bound to the magnetic nanogel with amino groups in the presence of 1-ethyl-3 -(3-dimethylaminepropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). The immobilized enzyme was characterized by using photo correlation spectroscopy(PCS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Mean particle, size of the immobilized enzyme was measured to be 31 nm by PCS; the binding capacity was 69 mg enzyme/g nanogel determined by TG analysis, 61 mg enzyme/g nanogel determined by standard BCA. The crystalline structure of Fe3O4 was affected by xenon lamp irradiation and enzyme immobilization. Magnetic content of the immobilized enzyme was as high as 88%. Specific activity of the immobilized alpha-chymotrypsin was 0.93 U/min center dot mg, 59.3% of free form. It can be expected that the immobilized alpha-chymotrypsin has a potential in the fast detection and separation, as well as the reuse of immobilized enzymes.


with emphasis upon the work of courtly and other The study includes a full discussion of the native origins of Restoration heroic tragedy, and of the post-Jonsonian trend in comedy of manners. Appended is a factual tabulation, arranged by years, of all plays written between 1625 and 1669.


A quantum Monte Carlo simulation scheme for spin systems is presented. The method is a generalization of Handscomb's method but applicable to any length of the spin, i.e., when the spin traces cannot be evaluated analytically. The Monte Carlo sampling is extended to the space of spin vectors in addition to the usual operator-index sequences. An important technical point is that the index sequences are augmented with the aid of unit operators to a constant, self-consistently determined length. The scheme is applied to the one-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin-S Heisenberg model. Results at low temperatures are reported for S=1 and S=3/2 and system sizes up to N=64. The computed magnetic structure factor in the S=1 chain is in agreement with earlier ground-state calculations. For S=3/2 we find the exponent \ensuremath{\gamma}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}=0.49\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 for the divergence of the antiferromagnetic structure factor. Further, the susceptibility as a function of the wave number is computed. For S=1 the staggered susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi}(\ensuremath{\pi}) at T=0 is found to take the value 20.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5 in units such that \ensuremath{\chi}(q)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ at high temperatures (with the temperature scale defined by ${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{B}}$=1). For S=3/2 we obtain the exponent \ensuremath{\gamma}=1.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 for the divergence of the staggered susceptibility.


Most General Circulation Models predict more infrequent but larger precipitation events in the eastern United States combined with a warmer climate. This could have a negative effect on maize production. To understand the sensitivity of maize production to future changes in precipitation, we analyzed growing season precipitation and average state maize yields in the eastern United States for the period 1963–2011. Growing season precipitation did not show a strong trend during this period. However, crop yields increased at 3.90% in the southern, 2.62% in the central, and 2.31% in the northern part of the eastern United States, which we attributed to technology and management. To separate technology and management effects from precipitation variability, we corrected maize yields for these yield trends. We then correlated maize yield corrected for advances in technology and management with total growing season precipitation and precipitation in the critical month of pollination, from the regional to state scale. Maize yield - precipitation relationships showed that moisture shortage rather than excess determined maize yield in the Eastern United States. The relationship between total growing season precipitation-maize yield was stronger in the southeastern than in the northeastern U.S., but the critical month precipitation-maize yield relationship was stronger in the northeastern than in the southeastern U.S. If climate model predictions are accurate and total growing season precipitation will not decrease in this region but variability will, it is likely that maize yields in the northeastern U.S. will be more significantly affected.


Abstract:This article puts forward the argument that it will be more viable to use transliteration (collaborating with further articulation) than literal translation in terms of exploring the notion of liangzhi 良知. And an interpretation of liangzhi as innate, original, or cognitive knowledge is likely to sink into "the interpretative morass regarding knowledge." These misinterpretations are clarified as well as followed by the analysis of relationships between liangzhi and three types of zhi 知: Zhi shan zhi e 知善知惡, empirical knowledge, and moral knowledge.


The current study investigated commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) using the Rusbult's (1980) Investment Model. It was hypothesized that the commitment would predict OCB and workplace behaviors and mediate the effects of satisfaction, investments, and alternatives on OCB. Participants completed online surveys that also included measures of conscientiousness and Meyer and Allen's (1991) ThreeComponent Model of commitment. The results showed that satisfaction, alternatives, and investments predicted commitment, and commitment predicted OCB. Commitment did not mediate the association between Investment Model variables and OCB. A regression revealed that the Investment Model better predicted OCB than the Three-Component Model. Researchers should continue to implement the Investment Model to study organizational commitment and its relationship to workplace behaviors. Investment Model and OCB 3 Applying the Investment Model to Organizational Behavior: An Investigation of Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior A person's job is one of the most important aspects of their life, not only serving as a source of income, but often providing meaning for one's life and even part of their personal identity (Laliberte-Rudman, 2002). As such a large portion of one's life is spent working, it is worthwhile to explore an employee's attitudes about their job as well as their behavior on the job. One's thoughts and feelings about their job, such as their satisfaction or how much they feel they need their job have may have implications for their actions at the workplace. An area that has garnered much research is the topic of organizational commitment, which focuses on defining commitment and investigates what it means to be committed and how or under what conditions does this commitment manifest in specific behavioral outcomes on the part of the employee. These behaviors include but are not limited to turnover, low absenteeism, punctuality, and general performance. Furthermore, some people also seem to perform behaviors that are not formally specified as a job requirement at their place of employment, such as anonymously watering the office plants while fully knowing they will not be recognized or rewarded for their actions. It is then relevant to ask if this behavior is a function of their commitment level. The current study will investigate organizational commitment and its behavioral outcomes, specifically organizational citizenship behavior, using the Rusbult's (1980a) Investment Model of Commitment. Organizational Commitment Commitment is a difficult concept to define because while many understand this idea intrinsically, forming a comprehensive definition has been the work of several Investment Model and OCB 4 decades of research. Generally, subjective commitment is a long-term orientation or the likelihood for an involvement to persist (Rusbult & Buunk, 1993; Arriaga & Agnew, 2001). Mowday, Porter, and Steers (1982) defined organizational commitment as "the relative strength of an individual's identification with and involvement in an organization" (pg. 1). They add that commitment is frequently broken down into either attitudinal commitment, which they operationalize as how people think about their relation to the organization or behavioral commitment which they define as the processes that individuals use when they become locked within the organization (Mowday et al., 1982). Commitment can be regarded as a psychological state connecting a person to an organization (Meyer & Allen, 1990). Morrow (1983) generally described thirty forms of commitment comprised of both unique and redundant pieces. These thirty can then be classified into five general categories. One can be committed to personal values or moral beliefs, a career, a job, an organization such as a social institution or company, or a union. Another way to operationalize commitment is to describe it either as global or local depending on the focus of the commitment. Billings and Becker (1993) define local commitment as being attached to supervisors and one's co-workers, and global commitment as being attached to top management and the organization as a whole. They found that those who are committed both locally and globally reported the highest amount of job satisfaction, least intention to leave their job, and performed more prosocial behaviors in the workplace. Locally versus globally committed individuals did not significantly differ in their overall attitudes and behavior. Their commitment level was significantly lower than the group who were both locally and globally committed and Investment Model and OCB 5 higher than the uncommitted group. While this categorization can be an effective way of measuring commitment, it is broad and general and does not explain the underlying factors or motivations of the commitment. O'Reilly and Chatman (1986) approach commitment in a way that focuses on the psychological bond between the individual and the organization in three areas which they term compliance, identification, and internalization. Compliance occurs when employees adopt the beliefs and attitudes of the organization only in order to gain rewards. Identification is when an individual feels a sense of pride in and respects the accomplishments of the organization without adopting them as one's own. Finally, internalization happens when the values of the person and the organization become congruent. An individual's commitment level can contain varying combinations of these three factors. Building on this three factor approach, three broad themes appear in the literature that address different facets of commitment. An affective theme emphasizes the individual's feelings toward the organization. Most generally, this centers on one's emotional attachment to the group (Kanter, 1968). Essentially, it is the extent to which they feel connected to the organization as a whole. Affective orientation can be described as an attitude toward the organization that links the person's identity with that of the organization (Sheldon, 1971). Commitment is also viewed as the process by which the organization's goals become those of the individual (Hall, Schneider, & Nygren, 1970). Meyer and Allen (1991) base their affective component of commitment of their ThreeComponent Model on the definitions contained in this thematic category. More specifically, affective orientation focuses on the emotional attachment, identification, and Investment Model and OCB 6 involvement with the organization and is based on the individual's desire to remain with it. The second theme is a cost-based approach to commitment focusing on the cost and rewards of remaining with the organization and those associated with leaving it. For example, a long commute to work may be a cost, but the organization may have a high quality benefits package one would not want to lose or one they could not find at another job. Kanter (1968) provides that commitment is the "profit associated with the continued participation and a cost associated with leaving" (p. 504). Commitment occurs as an individual gains investments during their time with the organization, such as money, time, and status (Hrebiniak & Alutto, 1972). Meyer and Allen (1991) build their continuance component in their model from this theme which accounts for a person's need to stay with the organization. The third theme from the literature contains definitions of commitment that reflect a sense of obligation or moral responsibility. These account for the individual's feelings or duty or necessity to remain with the current organization or group. Feelings of devotion and loyalty fall into this category. Commitment can occur when a person believes it morally right to remain with the organization despite their satisfaction (Marsh & Mannari, 1977). It can also be assessed as an internalized norm that requires one to act in a certain way to meet the needs of the organization (Wiener, 1982). This theme influenced the development of the normative component of Meyer and Allen's (1991) model, the component which addresses the individual's feeling that they ought to remain with the organization. Investment Model and OCB 7 Meyer and Allen's (1991) Three-Component Model of commitment has been utilized in the majority of work on organizational commitment. This is perhaps due to the way they account for many dimensions of commitment. They believe each component contains a key aspect of commitment and a complete definition must, therefore, include all three areas of affective, continuance, and normative. It is important to note that these are not different types of commitment, rather that they should be understood as three aspects of commitment. Meyer, Stanley, Herscovitch, and Topolnytsky's (2002) metaanalysis of the Three-Component Model found that all three components are related yet distinct from one another and from job satisfaction, occupational commitment, and job involvement. This study showed that the model incorporates in cross cultural research as well. Overall, all three components are negatively related to turnover. Affective commitment most strongly predicted outcomes of turnover, absenteeism, and pro-social behavior. Normative commitment more weakly predicted these behaviors, and continuance commitment had no relationship with them. The authors find that affective and normative commitments are highly correlated, which they suggest is a potential weakness in the definitions. While the Three-Component Model captures the different facets in the construct of organizational commitment, it lacks the ability to be used as a global measure as well, as it only measures commitment in three different aspects, not as one broad construct of commitment. This shortcoming can be avoided by measuring commitment using Rusbult's (1980a) Investment Model of Commitment which captures the aspects of alternatives, satisfaction, and investments all in o


In the article the review of military secret service of Russia in Africa in the second half of XIX – beginning of XX centuries on the example of activity of officers of the General staff is given. It is showed that military secret service of Russia on the African continent did not carry system character. Russian officers of the General staff in the countries of Africa in the second half XIX – XX beginning of centuries collected the military and political information. They also came forward as researchers, collecting and analysing geographical information about of the probed regions, their population, fauna and flora.


In the presence of an external magnetic field, the low lying elementary excitations of a d -wave superconductor have quantized energy and their momenta are locked near the node direction. It is argued that these discrete states can most likely be detected by a local probe, such as a scanning tunneling microscope. The low temperature {ital local} tunneling conductance on the Wigner-Seitz cell boundaries of the vortex lattice is predicted to show peaks spaced as {plus_minus}{radical} (n) ,thinspthinspn={l_brace}0,thinsp1,thinsp 2,thinsp{hor_ellipsis}{r_brace} . Away from the cell boundary, where the superfluid velocity is nonzero, each peak splits, in general, into four peaks, corresponding to the number of nodes in the order parameter. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}


Abstract : Objectives: The purpose of this course is to familiarize PGY-3 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residents with basic principles of microvascular surgery. At the conclusion of the course, the participant will be better suited to assist/perform basic techniques required in nerve and vessel reanastamosis. Methods: Over a 4 day period, the participant will learn via both didactic and hands-on experience. Using a rat model, the participant will learn to utilize basic microsurgical techniques and become familiar with the instrumentation. Results: Hands on skill set will develop to further assist the resident in actual human patient procedures. Conclusion: The OMS microvascular course is an essential part of the contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery resident training. The course will provide the basic skills needed to perform and assist in human surgeries.


Abstract Today, special attention is paid to the environmental pollution effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds. They are also widely distributed in the environment and can be found in water, soil, and plants. For this reason, various technologies have been developed to detect and screen for PAHs, and one of the recent developments is cell-based biosensors (CBBs). This type of sensor allows for real-time measurements by detecting the impedance of cellular behavior, which has been proven sensitive to toxic compounds. This articles presents a review of the previous work on CBBs for environmental monitoring of PAHs, in comparison with other conventional methods, which are based on chromatographic techniques and immunoassay.


[The Formation of Families. Sociology of Family Law (First Part)] The present work is the first of three contributions dedicated to the study of socio-demographic behavior.  The author has written this text with the intention of providing students of Sociology of Law with background materials useful for the study of the Sociology of family law. The second part will deal with "Declining birth rates and population aging" and the third, due to appear in 2015, with "Family instability, separation and divorce." The transition from a specific dominant model of family, characterized typically up to the 1960s by a married couple and their children (the so-called "nuclear family"), to a plurality of different and complex family configurations, has been accompanied by profound changes in the way to found a family. With specific reference to Italy and its regions, and with a comparative perspective extended to  Europe, in the main part of the text special attention is given to the rapid contraction of marriage rates, the delay in the age at marriage, the resulting increase in births outside marriage.


vestigate children's interpretations of ask. Only case 3 test sentences (whclause, subject omitted) were used, for example: The boy asks the girl what shoes to wear. Responses to case 3 sentences provide for distinguishing among the three upper levels of ask/tell differentiation. It is only half true that "Cases 1 and 2 do not lend themselves to illustration, and cannot so easily be explored with pictures" (p. 101). Case 1 test sentences (whclause, subject supplied, for example: The boy asks the girl what shoes he should wear) could easily have been used with the identical set of pictures. The advantage of adding case 1 materials would be to allow for distinguishing between the two lower levels of ask/tell differentiation. Although some ambiguity might be introduced, devising illustrations for case 2 (noun phrase) test sentences is possible (for example: The boy asks the girl the time; or, The girl asks the boy the name of his dog). A full-range instrument paralleling the interview is not central to the question which elicited the alternate case 3 procedure, but the feasibility of the instrument should not be denied. Practical implications of the study for education are, at best, indirect. The research contributes to education at a general level by extending the domain of developmental psycholinguistics to schoolage children. Researchers and theoreticians concerned with language development and with comprehension of verbal materials will find the theoretical development, the methodology, and the results of the study valuable. Joan L. Prentice Indiana University


Dimethylaminoethyl azide (DMAZ) is a good candidate fuel for hydrazine derivatives in aerospace industries. DMAZ is synthesized via the reaction of dimethyl aminoethyl hydrochloride with sodium azide in aqueous solution from which the organic phase is separated after addition of concentrated sodium hydroxide, in the next step. Therefore, the determination of amount of DMAZ in aqueous phase (wastewater) for estimating the efficiency and environmental pollution is essential. In this paper, a fast and easy method for determination of dimethylamino ethylazide (DMAZ) in water samples was developed. The method is based on liquid-liquid extraction of DMAZ from aqueous phase and spectrophotometric determination at O=283 nm. Affecting parameters extraction including solvent type, amount of solvent, sodium hydroxide concentration and electrolyte concentration were optimized. Under optimized conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 5.0-300 μg mL -1 with detection limit of 3.0 μg mL -1 and relative standard deviation for seven replicate determinations of DMAZ was calculated to be 2.30 %. The proposed method was applied for the determination of DMAZ in water and wastewater samples and the excellent agreement was observed between the proposed method and the gas chromatography.


This article presents a compact power management solution for a pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC), employing only a switching-mode power converter. By directly powering the ADC using a boost DC-DC converter, the power delivery network (PDN) exhibits an overall-high power efficiency. The proposed foreground ADC calibration calibrates the ripple error induced from the power converter, which obviates the need for well-regulated supply and reference voltage offered by low-efficiency linear low-dropout regulators (LDOs). A chip integrates the boost DC-DC converter and the pipelined ADC with an external power inductor. The prototype, implemented in 65-nm CMOS, occupies 2.34-mm2 of total active area (9.4% - ADC, 2.6% - power controller and switches, and 88% - output capacitance). In the measurement, the boost converter, switching at 31.25MHz, converts a 0.5V input to 1.2V and delivers 22.8mW of power to the pipeline ADC. The boost DC-DC converter supplies all voltage domains, including analog/digital power supply and reference. The resulting overall system power efficiency is 78.6%. Sampled at 500MS/s, the ADC achieves a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 34.7/39.9dB without/with the ripple calibration for an input frequency of 177MHz, respectively.


Purpose The study aimed to investigate the value of clinical variables and rest gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in predicting cardiac deaths in medically treated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. Methods This is a retrospective study. Fifty-six consecutive hospitalized DCM patients who underwent rest gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging were initially recruited. Patients were further excluded for receiving heart transplantation, cardiac resynchronization treatment, and noncardiac death during follow-up. The remaining 48 medically treated DCM patients were selected into the final analysis. Phase analysis of gated SPECT was conducted to identify left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. Cardiac death during follow-up was considered as the only endpoint. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were performed to identify the independent predictors of cardiac death. Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival analysis with stratification was performed, and survival curves were compared by log-rank test. Results The mean age was 47.5 ± 15.8 years (range, 15–76 yrs) and 85.4% were men. The mean LV ejection fraction was 22.2 ± 7.7%. During the follow-up period (22.7 ± 5.1 mos), 12 (25.0%) cardiac deaths occurred. Compared to survivors, patients with cardiac death had lower body mass index (BMI, P = 0.010), higher percent of prolonged QRS duration (QRSD, P = 0.043), and severe LV dyssynchrony (P = 0.002). Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that severe LV dyssynchrony [hazard ratio = 9.607, 95% confidential interval (95% CI) 2.064–44.713, P = 0.004] and BMI (hazard ratio = 0.851, 95% CI 0.732–0.989, P = 0.036) were predictive of cardiac death. Conclusion Left ventricular dyssynchrony assessed by phase analysis of gated SPECT and BMI are predictive of cardiac death in medically treated DCM patients.


The beginning of the Archive's editorial activity dates back to the first years after its institution by the scholar from Grosseto Roberto Ferretti. Going through the publications the Archive has realized or promoted, we can outline two distinct phases: the first saw the lead of Robert Ferretti, and ended in 1985, when he tragically passed away. The second phase was characterized, at first, by the efforts for the creation of the Museum of the Maremma, and then by the lead of Piergiorgio Zotti. Among the publications of the first phase, the Archive's Notebooks (Quaderni dell'Archivio) hold a high position, because they are part of a project of cultural intervention on the territory that was intended to join folkloric initiatives (such as the performance of a bruscello, a review of popular chants, or an educational presentation on local folklore) with a written publication that would constitute the initiative's memorandum, favoring the dissemination of knowledge. The following phase is characterized, on one hand, by an editorial production linked to the promotion of conventions and seminars, which converged in the new series of the Notebooks and on the other hand, by the publication of some of the Archive's collaborators' writings in local journals, specialized or not, such as the Corriere della Maremma, Amiata Storia e Territorio. The new series of the Notebooks was joined by another project: the set dedicated to the "Maremma's photographers", which critically joined those images - not necessarily authorial, and often coming from family albums - which represented aspects of local life, work, and culture.


Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) estimation is one of significant techniques for high-speed mobile communication to know wave propagation environment [1]. "Superresolution" DOA estimation methods such as MUSIC [2], and ESPRIT [3] methods are paid so much attention because of their high accuracy in estimating DOAs of incident signals. The accuracy of those DOA estimation methods is often deteriorated by the mutual coupling among array elements. Therefore we have to calibrate array elements in order to compensate the mutual coupling in advance but it often takes time and is difficult to accurately calibrate antenna elements. To resolve this problem, the MUSIC-based DOA estimation method that compensating the influence of mutual coupling without actual calibration – called "Blind Calibration" – has been proposed [4]. This method can hide mutual coupling coefficients by installing some virtual elements around Uniform Linear Array (ULA). In this paper, we expand the formulation of this method to correspond to URA configuration, and confirm that the blind calibration can work for URA. Also we verify the DOA estimation accuracy of the blind calibration for ULA through the experiment in anechoic chamber.


Abstract:As soon as the USA began to emerge as an imperial power in the late nineteenth century, writers began to publish narratives describing how the country was being attacked by different hostile forces. The identity of these forces was sometimes clear (as in Yellow Peril narratives); sometimes they were figured more ambiguously as alien species. Whatever particular form they took, these agencies are used by the writers concerned to probe perceived weaknesses and anxieties in the USA such as the nation's lack of military preparedness, or post-Second World War fears of depersonalized conformity. This essay examines a range of examples from the 1880s through to the Cold War period.


Climate change is expected to have far‐reaching effects at both the global and regional scale, but local effects are difficult to determine from coarse‐resolution climate studies. Dynamical downscaling can provide insight into future climate projections on local scales. Here, we present a new dynamically downscaled dataset for Indiana and the surrounding regions. Output from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1 is downscaled using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). Simulations are run with a 24‐hr reinitialization strategy and a 12‐hr spin‐up window. WRF output is bias corrected to the National Centers for Environmental Protection/National Center for Atmospheric Research 40‐year Reanalysis project (NCEP) using a modified quantile mapping method. Bias‐corrected 2‐m air temperature and accumulated precipitation are the initial focus, with additional variables planned for future releases. Regional climate change signals agree well with larger global studies, and local fine‐scaled features are visible in the resulting dataset, such as urban heat islands, frontal passages, and orographic temperature gradients. This high‐resolution climate dataset could be used for down‐stream applications focused on impacts across the domain, such as urban planning, energy usage, water resources, agriculture and public health.


The 2012 presidential campaign, like many American debates, was partly a contest over ways of fitting America into "providential history" - the classical story of a "course of empire" and the biblical account of a "chosen people." This campaign in particular invited such analysis because both major candidates, Mitt Romney and Barack Obama, came out of communities (Mormon and African American) that have cultivated their own distinctive versions of the providential story. Reviewing the campaign and its aftermath in providentialist terms, therefore, helps reveal ways of thinking that continue to have a large influence on U.S. politics and political language.


Background: Chanting "OM" is a form of meditation that has numerous health benefits. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning its effect are surprisingly scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of OM chanting on autonomic modulation, using heart rate variability (HRV), on experienced yoga practitioners and yoga naïve persons. Methods: This prospective study included 19 yoga practitioners (9 females and 10 males; group mean age ± standard deviation [SD]; 25.9 ± 3.2 years) and 17 yoga naïve persons (8 females and 9 males; group mean age ± SD; 24.8 ± 3.6 years) of both sexes and similar age range. Both the groups were assessed for HRV indices (time and frequency domain measures) before and after loud OM chanting for 5 min. Results: Baseline comparison using Mann–Whitney U test between groups showed yoga practitioners had significantly increased high frequency (HF) power (P < 0.029) than nonyoga practitioners, signifying a state of tranquility before the chanting of OM. After 5 min of loud chanting of OM, a comparison between groups assessed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test revealed: HF Power, a component of the parasympathetic nervous system, was further amplified with a significantly increase (P < 0.001) in the yoga practitioners group compared to nonyoga practitioners. Furthermore, this increase in HF power was positively correlated with the years of experience in yoga. Conclusion: The present study showed that a brief chanting of OM (5 min) might enhance parasympathetic nervous system activity, promote relaxation, and provide calmness. Further, this experience may be achieved effectively in individuals experienced in yoga than nonyoga practitioners.


These days, the mobile phone has been developed as a smart device which has various applications and services. However, most interfaces are manipulated on a small display panel and that imposes restrictions on the natural interface. For example, detailed touch is required for users to select a specific region, and that can be solved by making a large screen. However, larger screen reduces mobility which is the important characteristic of mobile device.


We intend to go through the Very Large Array, Hubble Space Telescope, and Chandra X-ray Observatory databases, among others, to scrutinize more closely observations made of extragalactic jets. Accordingly, we have constructed our own database of extragalactic jets, those that have been observed in the radio and either optical or X-ray wavebands. The purpose of studying jets at widely spaced frequencies with this database as an analytic tool is several-fold. First, by developing correlations among various emission characteristics, one can further delineate the FRI/FRII dichotomy. Indeed, we have already found that there is a strong correlation between the inverse Compton process and FRII jets. Secondly, we can use this database to identify X-ray and optical candidates for further study with HST, and Chandra. Thirdly, we can identify and further process archival data from the VLA, HST, and Chandra databases for many of these objects. We did just this with an HST archival image of 4C30.31, with the result of uncovering a heretofore unknown double optical jet corresponding to the radio jets already well known. Finally, we can identify optical candidates for searches with ground-based telescopes, to look for counterparts to radio and X-ray jets. Again, as proof of concept, we did this for three sources, the result being that one and possibly a second show some optical extension corresponding to a jet. Therefore, the use of such high resolution databases is critical in furthering the understanding of extragalactic jets, and is of invaluable assistance in performing this study.


The morphological characteristics of wild clones of Chrysanthemum boreale Mak. were investigated in the present study. One hundred and fifteen clones were collected and examined for variations in growth and morphological characteristics. Stem diameter showed the greatest coefficient variation (22.8%) followed by the number of branches (21.4%) and plant height (9.7%). Plant height ranged from 146 to 245 cm with a mean of 115 clones being 191±18.5 cm. Stem diameter ranged from 7.2 to 22.8 mm with a mean of 13.7±3.1 mm. The number of branches per plant ranged from 15 to 43 with a mean of 27±5.7. Frequency distribution of plant height separated the clones into 5 groups. Flowering time of the collected clones ranged from October 6 to October 31 and most of the clones flowered in mid-October. Capitulum diameter ranged from 12.1 to 20.6 mm with a mean of 15.2±1.5 mm. Frequency distribution of capitulum diameter showed that 66% of the clones had a capitulum diameter of 13.1-16.0 mm. Ten leaf shapes were recorded; among them, leaf shape of score 5 was the most prominent, representing 56% of the collected clones. Correlation between plant height and stem diameter was significant. Correlation between capitulum diameter and pedicel length was highly significant. On the other hand, correlation between dry flower weight and pedicel length was negatively significant.


The Chironomidae family is studied worldwide for its great variability and presence in different geographical areas, however, in South America, studies are still scarce at both the taxonomic and ecological levels. The present study aims to study the variability of the community of chironomids in rivers with different types and degrees of alteration of the middle zone 2,800 meters above sea level of the Guayllabamba River. The physicochemical variables and the composition of the chironomid community of sites with alterations of agricultural-livestock, urban and natural origin were related. Additionally, the geometric morphometry of a chironomid genus was analyzed to identify structural changes related to the change in land use. The Chironomidae family showed changes in its composition in relation to land use, showing significant changes in sites with urban influence. Morphological variations were observed among individuals of the genus Parametriocnemus, genus present in all studied sites of the Pita, San Pedro, and Machangara rivers. The morphometric differences showed important changes in one of the oral structures, mentum, in the altered sites.


The Norwegian Coastal Administration (NCA) is an agency of the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications, and is responsible for services related to maritime safety, maritime infrastructure, transport planning and efficiency, and emergency response to acute pollution and drifting vessels. NCA has five regional Vessel Traffic Service centres. Of those, Vardø VTS has the special task of monitoring high-risk maritime traffic in Norwegian territorial waters, including the sea areas around Svalbard. Based on the history of ship incidents in Norwegian waters and lack of commercial tug resources in Northern Norway and the Svalbard area, the government decided in 2005 to establish a national emergency towing service. The establishment and coordination of this service was assigned to the Norwegian Coastal Administration. This paper briefly describes the development of the Norwegian Emergency Towing Service (NETS), how the service has changed over the years and plans for the coming years. Some cases involving emergency towing vessels are described. The paper also reviews the development of a national competence plan for senior officers on vessels employed by the Norwegian Emergency Towing Service. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 14


Off-cut recycling in batch reactive distillation (BREAD) processes is studied. The strategy is to recycle off-cut to the next batch as a part of the initial feed. This transforms the operation problem from a single-batch problem into a batch-to-batch problem. The pseudo-steady-state concept is applied to BREAD processes to simplify the optimization problem. Optimization based on maximizing batch capacity (CAP) for the batch-to-batch problem is demonstrated using three real chemistry processes. The results show that the optimal operating recipe and CAP when off-cut is recycled are similar to those in the case when off-cut is collected but not recycled and that the CAP is on average almost twice (93.3% more) the maximum that can be achieved when off-cut is not used. Therefore, recycling off-cut may not only save the trouble of processing the off-cut but also make the process more economical.


As compared to the other stroke-related therapies Mirror therapy (MT) in the stroke rehabilitation can be used in all type of stroke survivors (severe and non-severe) visual stimulus is being used for initiating a desirable motor response in limbs of the stroke patient. Literature shows that MT has considerable measurable effects on the motor impairments, visuospatial neglect, sensory impairment and pain/discomfort. This paper is a review of the current perspective and understanding on the MT in the rehabilitation of the stroke survivors. An electronic data base search across the Pub Med, Google Scholar, and Science direct, Cochrane etc. generated 3871 result. Based on the inclusion criteria's set for the study, 35 studies were included in this review after the systematic filtration of the papers. The collected data were divided on the basis of the it's (MT) application in the stroke rehabilitation, its intervention's mode, dosage, type of control and outcome assessment. We found that majority of the selected studies were intervened for motor impairment mostly in the stroke survivors within the upper limb. Studies were categorized in to groups based on the intervention between chronic and acute phase stroke with the therapy duration 1 8 weeks. Across all the selected studies MT showed significant motor improvement than the sensory improvement in the stroke survivors. The effectiveness and feasibility of MT has been reported (both for the patients and staff) and commonly used therapeutic approach in the rehabilitation of the post-stroke survivors in all stroke's stages. However, ADLs based longer term effectiveness of MT and on overall health needs to be further investigated and documented.


This paper explores chromogenic conditions of determining trace zinc in metal plating wastewater by spectrophotometry using the 5-Br-PADAP and the emolsifier OP.The experiment indicates that the amaranthine three-element complex compound generated by zinc,5-Br-PADAP and emolsifier OP submits the Beer-Lambert law in the scope of 0~24μg/50mL under the condition of pH 7.5~10.0 of boracic acid-sodium borate buffer solution.The three-element complex compound's λ max =552nm,and e 552 =1.3×105L/(mol.cm).Its complexing ratio=1:2.This measuring method is of high sensitivity,of good accuracy,of portable quickness and safe operation.


This paper focuses on hybrid organisations, which have both public and private sector elements. Therefore, stakeholders of hybrid organisations have different views regarding what to expect from the organisation and the role of stakeholders tend to be multifaceted. This creates ambiguity that imposes demands on the management of hybrid organisations. In this paper a stakeholder approach is used in order to explore the ambiguity of hybrid organisations and the demands this imposes on managers.


Hypersonic reentry has a severe flight environment during spacecraft return. To analyze the influence of pneumatic loads on the flexible structure under the extreme load condition during the deceleration process of inflatable reentry and descent system, fluid–and thermal–solid couplings have been studied. In addition, the stress and structural deformation distributions and the temperature distribution of each functional layer of the flexible thermal protection system were obtained in this study. The influence of flight conditions and structural parameter changes on inflatable structure performance was studied, and the transient response mechanism of the pneumatic load to the inflatable structure was revealed. Ballistic analysis combined with engineering algorithm was used to predicted the flight envelope. The fluid-solid thermal coupling method in Workbench is utilized to realize the real-time transfer of aerodynamic and thermal loads to flexible structures. And the loose coupling method was applied to carried out the one-way transfer of aerodynamic load and thermal load to the surface of flexible structure. The results showed that the mechanical–thermal–structural coupling analysis method could predict the mechanical properties of flexible inflatable deceleration structures, which can provide references for the aerodynamic configuration and thermal protection design under extreme flight conditions.


Traditional q-switched laser sources have been limited in pulse frequency and in overall control of pulse energy and length. A novel pulsed fibre laser, capable of operation from cw through to 500kHz, has provided a tool that has enabled a number of significant processing improvements. The benefits of operating in the >100kHz regime, encompassing both quality and productivity, is evident in a number of applications such as; marking of metals, plastics and IC packages, and also in micromachining and in thin film patterning. Clearly applications that have low pulse energy thresholds can benefit most from operating in the high frequency regime.Traditional q-switched laser sources have been limited in pulse frequency and in overall control of pulse energy and length. A novel pulsed fibre laser, capable of operation from cw through to 500kHz, has provided a tool that has enabled a number of significant processing improvements. The benefits of operating in the >100kHz regime, encompassing both quality and productivity, is evident in a number of applications such as; marking of metals, plastics and IC packages, and also in micromachining and in thin film patterning. Clearly applications that have low pulse energy thresholds can benefit most from operating in the high frequency regime.


Excerpt Gangrene of the lower extremities in cases of diabetes is due primarily to impairment of circulation and secondarily to the effects of the diabetes on the resistance of the skin to infectio...


On September 19, 2005, the United States and North Korea signed a potentially historic agreement. In exchange of Pyongyang's renunciation of its nuclear program, Washington will provide humanitarian and energy aid and security guarantees. One cannot help but question if this will be a long lasting agreement, since it resembles the Kedo Agreement signed in 1994 and rejected eight years later by Kim Jong Il's regime. North Korea continues to be extremely vague on its arsenal and conducts a well-devised policy of threat towards the first world power, therefore managing to maintain its survival. This profitable strategy could nevertheless be endlessly repeated and lead to the permanence of the status quo, which apparently satisfies everyone and, above all, enables Pyongyang's regime to continue to exist.


Dept. of Economics Yale University 37 Hillhouse Ave. New Haven CT 06520-1962 Originally presented at the August 1992 ASA meetings. Revised 7/96 Revised 10/96 Christopher A. Sims, 1996. This paper may be freely reproduced for educational and research purposes, provided this copyright notice is included with every copy and the copies are not sold, even at cost. This allows copying for personal use, or for free distribution to a class or seminar.


This article is concerned with efficient estimation of characteristics demand. We derive and estimate an inverse input demand system for quality characteristics by using 172,946 observations over 881 trading days in the Icelandic fish auctions. An improved estimation method based on an expanded random coefficient model is suggested as an alternative to the currently used two-stage method of Brown and Rosen. The estimates demonstrate the improved efficiency of the suggested method. A number of empirical results emerge, including a general increase in the demand for quality. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.


Investigations were carried out with regard to the temperature distribution in palletized cargo loaded in a ship's reefer space. Attention was paid to the usefulness of pallets concerning the distribution of air under the stack by measuring the temperature distribution in the cargo under various practical conditions. The influence of the construction of the air distribution system was also investigated. The measurements indicate that pallets are capable of distributing air, even under adverse conditions. The temperature distribution in a cargo proved to be determined mainly by the temperature distribution in the air flow from the refrigeration unit to the cargo.


With the increased use of echocardiography, we now know that the formation of left ventricular thrombi commonly accompanies acute anterior myocardial


A-patches [BXHN03]. A-splines [BXHN03]. Abstract [MMR01]. Acyclic [BGL00]. Adaptive [EW00]. Advancing [HS02]. Algebraic [SV01]. algorithm [CL93]. algorithms [Dev92]. Almost [WLW01]. Alternating [KKY00]. Amidst [BL03]. Among [LYW97]. Analysis [Cho99]. Anchored [FSS97]. Angle [Mit97]. Angles [CDRR05]. Angularity [BMOW98]. Anisotropic [SYI00]. Annulus [Cha02]. Any [VO98]. application [KNA94]. Approach [MC91]. Approaches [CHL06]. Approximate [CSY97].


business with COnFiDenCe icaew.com/academic iCAew promotes and funds, through its charitable trusts, high-quality independent academic research of interest to the accountancy profession and the wider business community. this publication was produced with the help of a grant from iCAew's charitable trusts. these trusts support educational projects in accountancy and related subjects. All research reports and briefings published under the iCAew's charitable trusts imprint are independently refereed before publication. the kind permission of edward elgar Publishing. table 1 is reproduced from burritt, R.L., hahn, t. and schaltegger, s. (2002), 'towards a comprehensive framework for environmental management accounting. Links between business actors and environmental management accounting tools', Australian Accounting Review, 12(2), 39–50, with the kind permission of AAR and wiley-blackwell. All rights reserved. if you want to reproduce or redistribute any of the material in this publication, you should first request get iCAew's permission in writing. the views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. iCAew does not necessarily share their views. iCAew will not be liable for any reliance you placed on information in this publication.


Objective: The goal of this study was to explore the application and clinical effects of doxofylline and aminophylline in pediatric acute bronchial asthma and their effects on recurrence. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on medical records of 96 children with acute bronchial asthma, including 42 children treated with aminophylline (control group) and 54 children with doxofylline (observation group). The therapeutic effects, complication and recurrence rates of the two groups were observed after 7 days of treatment. At the same time, the duration of related symptoms and changes of pulmonary function indicators as well as blood gas analysis indicators before and after treatment in the two groups were compared. Results: The markedly effective rate and total response rate in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.001). After 3 months of follow-up, the recurrence rate of bronchial asthma in the observation group was notably lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the duration of wheezing, coughing and pulmonary wheezing rale in the observation group was obviously shorter than that in the control group (all P<0.001). After treatment, the levels of FVC, PEF and FEV1 in both groups were elevated (all P<0.05), and the levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.001). Concurrently, SpO2 and pO2 levels were increased, but pCO2 levels were decreased in both groups (all P<0.05). Additionally, SpO2 and pO2 levels in the observation group were higher while pCO2 levels were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.001). Conclusion: Doxofylline is of better efficacy in pediatric bronchial asthma, which could more effectively shorten the duration of symptoms, improve the lung function and blood gas function, reduce the incidence of complications and recurrence, thereby being worthy of clinical application.


Correlation-extreme method of detecting text areas in the images is proposed, which provides classification decision on the results of correlation-extreme analysis in the field of wavelet transform, which is implemented by convolutional neural network. The method is characterized by high efficiency and reliability.


Conditions relating to health and safety of tourists can affect both the perception of a destination and the degree to which a tourism experience is satisfactory. Evidence suggests that tourism educators and practitioners do not have a good understanding of essential health issues, and that public health educators and practitioners also lack a good understanding of the essential elements of tourism issues. A study in the Americas sponsored by the Pan American Health Organization provided the data observations which may help to improve the mutual understandings.


The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for deriving a bite mark evaluation index through tongue image processing. The apparatus for deriving a bite mark evaluation index according to one embodiment comprises: a tongue analysis area identification unit for identifying a tongue analysis area corresponding to a tongue boundary from tongue image data; and a bite mark index determination unit for determining a bite mark index on the basis of the frequency magnitude of each frequency domain calculated from the determined tongue analysis area.


Disclosed is a device drive integrated dispatching method for adjusting devices during an idle time period. An existing device drive integrated dispatching method does not consider device utilization during the idle time period, and consequently product completion time is influenced. The method comprises the steps that a mode of building a working procedure table is adopted, the device numbers, the working procedure numbers and the working procedure path length are used as three attributes, and descending sorting is carried out according to the working procedure path length; when the devices have the idle time periods, it is indicated that the devices have no working procedures capable of being dispatched, the non-dispatched working procedures needing device processing are found in the table, and the working procedures are used as obtained planned priority processing working procedures; the planned priority processing working procedures are virtualized to root nodes, and a path to the processed is determined; priority dispatching is carried out on working procedures on the path to the processed till processing of the virtual root nodes is completed, and the idle time period of the devices is shortened. The method is used for utilizing the idle time period of part of devices, and therefore the single complex product completion time is shortened.


~. , WASHINGTON, Dec. 10 (Al') -Alf ·M. Landon emphatically re"loved himself from the 1940 presIIjential contest today with a statement which knowing observers . quickly interpreted as challenilni Herbert Hoover to do the sirle thing . . <' , For months, Landon and Hoover h~ve been engaged in p'olite but npne-the-Iess strenuous sparring a\>out republican policy, while sQllle . other r~publicans have c\ah)ored for . a re-eJl;amination of paljfy philosophy and new blood In/ the leadership. ' It was inevitable that Washington should bear these facts in .m1nd in readln, Landon's statement, particularly an assertion that: . "A man who is in the posiUori of being either an active, or receptive candidate cannot render the service either to his party or to his country that I conceive to be my patriotic duty and responsibility in the critical situation confronting us." ,/Landon's renunciation of 1940 white house ambitions was made Imo'l'n at a jovial reunion with Washington correspondents as~ned to his campaign for the presidency last year. Each had been personally invited by letter several days in absence. .. ' Sj!ated upon a chaise. longue. he laughed al)d joked with the n.ewsmen, nQting with assumed ruefulness that "it looks as if everyone in the gang except myself has a job in Washington." There were two Interruptions: one, when the white house called. Inviting him to visit the presi~nt later in the day, and a secol\d when Frank ~nox, republican vi~e presidential candidate last year. strode into the room and areeted Landon,


A novel lab-on-a-tube (LOT) integrated with spirally-rolled pressure, temperature, oxygen and glucose microsensors has been designed, fabricated, and characterized for multimodal neuromonitoring of patients with traumatic brain injury and other acute neurosurgical and neurological disorders. While it is capable of measuring various crucial physiological parameters in real-time continuous formats, the LOT if placed in the lateral ventricle of the brain, can also lower the elevated intracranial pressure by draining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A customized signal conditioning circuit and monitor have been developed to record and display the measured data. The newly developed system is capable of reliably monitoring physiological and metabolic parameters in CSF for at least up to 5 days. The device represents a very significant advance in the technology of neuromonitoring.


In a previous communication, 1 it was shown that active immunity can be produced in dogs against a fatal outcome following "colon bacillusgum tragacanth" peritonitis. Since one of the more common causes of peritoneal infection is soiling of the peritoneum by intestinal contents, this investigation was undertaken to determine whether active immunity can also be developed against a fatal outcome in this type of peritonitis. Since colon bacillus is found with and without other organisms in a high percentage of cases of peritonitis due to rupture of the appendix or perforation of intestines, it was determined to investigate the capacity of the colon bacillus alone to produce active immunity against the fatal outcome of fecal peritonitis. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD AND EXPERIMENTS Method. —In preliminary experiments, it was found that the intraperitoneal injection into a dog of a saline suspension of 5 Gm. of solid feces from the lower portion of the


Objective To understand the applications value of different surgical methods for benign prostatic hyperplasia with bladder stones.Methods All of 74 cases of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with bladder stones that were prenatal cared in our department of obstetrics from January 2009 to December 2010 were selected.Patients with informed consent according to which 22 cases were divided into group A,21 cases were divided into group B,31 cases were divided into group C.Results A group of patients was without surgical options to change the person,B program to change the rate of surgery in patients was 4.8%,C program to change the surgical patients was 22.6%.C program to change the surgical patients was significantly higher than group A and group B(P0.05).Group C,blood loss,postoperative bladder catheterization time and washing time was significantly less in group A and group B(P0.05).The control group showed that before surgery,after the international prostate symptom score,quality of life score,residual urine and maximum urinary flow rate difference was significant(P0.05).Conclusion If you choose a good indication to concomitant transurethral laser lithotripsy TURP in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with bladder stones,effective,damage,should be promoted.