Parasitic nest flies Philornis spp. are a driving force threatening the extinction of bird species endemic to Neotropical islands such as the Galápagos, where introduced Philornis downsi negatively impacts reproductive success of naïve avian hosts. Elsewhere in the Neotropics, such as in the Caribbean region where Philornis nest flies are native, effects of Philornis on host productivity are poorly known. We manipulated parasitism by the native Hispaniolan nest fly Philornis pici on a critically endangered endemic host, Ridgway's hawk Buteo ridgwayi, to study the impact of nest fly myiasis on hawk breeding success with the goal of providing a management option for endangered species until broad‐scale solutions can be found. Our treatment protocol was enough to reduce P. pici abundance by 89% and increase probability of fledging by 179% for treated nestlings. Our results indicate that parasitism by nest flies decreases survival and fledging success of nestling Ridgway's hawks and is a possible factor in the decline of the species. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first quantitative evidence of nest fly impact on survival or productivity in a non‐passerine host.


Ocean evaporative fluxes are a critical component of the Earth's energy and water cycle, but their estimation remains uncertain. Near‐surface humidity is a required input to bulk flux algorithms that relate mean surface values to the turbulent fluxes. Several satellite‐derived turbulent flux products have been developed over the last decade that utilize passive microwave imager observations to estimate the surface humidity. It is known, however, that these estimates tend to diverge from one another and from in situ observations. Analysis of current state‐of‐the‐art satellite estimates provided herein reveals that regional‐scale biases in these products remain significant. Investigations reveal a link between the spatial coherency of the observed biases to atmospheric dynamical controls of water vapor vertical stratification, cloud liquid water, and sea surface temperature. This information is used to develop a simple state‐dependent bias correction that results in more consistent ocean surface humidity estimates. A principal conclusion is that further improvements to ocean near‐surface humidity estimation using microwave radiometers requires incorporation of prior information on water vapor stratification and sea surface temperature.


The Korean tilting train is one of the first applications of composite materials to structural pieces of a train. This Life Cycle Assessment study is comparing the potential environmental impacts of 1 car-body of a regional train over 25 years made in composite and the current alternatives based on steel or aluminium. Results allow to identify major processes determining the life cycle impact of this one car-body and allow to investigate the advantages of introducing composite in trains.


– A retrospective review of medical records was performed from 2010-2013 of all VRE faecium bloodstream infections from individual patients at a single 900 bed teaching hospital in Detroit – 166 VRE faecium isolates, collected from 2010-2013, were evaluated – Identification and susceptibility of isolates was performed in the microbiology laboratory using Vitek 2 (bioMerieux, Durham, NC) – Baseline demographics and characteristics, risk factors, and therapeutic antibiotic regimens used were evaluated to assess 90-day all-cause mortality


We analyze GRB 151027A within the binary-driven hypernova approach, with a progenitor of a carbon–oxygen core on the verge of a supernova (SN) explosion and a binary companion neutron star (NS). The hypercritical accretion of the SN ejecta onto the NS leads to its gravitational collapse into a black hole (BH), to the emission of the gamma-ray burst (GRB), and to a copious e+e− plasma. The impact of this e+e− plasma on the SN ejecta explains the early soft X-ray flare observed in long GRBs. Here, we apply this approach to the ultra-relativistic prompt emission (UPE) and to the hard X-ray flares. We use GRB 151027A as a prototype. From the time-integrated and the time-resolved analysis, we identify a double component in the UPE and confirm its ultra-relativistic nature. We confirm the mildly relativistic nature of the soft X-ray flare, of the hard X-ray flare, and of the extended thermal emission (ETE). We show that the ETE identifies the transition from an SN to a hypernova (HN). We then address the theoretical justification of these observations by integrating the hydrodynamical propagation equations of the e+e− into the SN ejecta, with the latter independently obtained from 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. We conclude that the UPE, the hard X-ray flare, and the soft X-ray flare do not form a causally connected sequence. Within our model, they are the manifestation of the same physical process of the BH formation as seen through different viewing angles, implied by the morphology and the ∼300 s rotation period of the HN ejecta.


The objectives of this study are to analyze the travel patterns based on social changes between 1996 and 2002, and then to identify main implications in transport policies in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). In SMA, there are many changes during 6 years. For example, SMA has changed the paradigm of transportation policy from car-oriented policy to public-oriented policy. So, this study examines the general travel pattern changes in the SMA and compares the travel patterns of regions invested in road construction (road-invested areas) with those of regions invested in transit (transit-invested areas). Study results show that while road investment had little effect on reducing congestion, the number of cars decreased in transit-invested areas due to the modal shift to transit modes. This study suggests that transit-oriented policies should be utilized as a solution to overcome severe traffic congestion.


The development of food services and hospitality services in Poland is compactly related. Mutual relations take place between the food services and the tourism. Thanks to the development of the tourism and to accelerated number of visiting Poland, as well as by internal tourists, it has stimulated the creation of new food and drink places. This in turn encourages tourists to arrive in places with fully developed infrastructure among other things food services. According to research, it results that Poles more often travel in tourist aim sand more often take advantages of food services. Near the half of consumers of food services in Warsaw agglomeration declared that tourist trips and journeys were a favorable opportunity for using of food services. The increase of real incomes of the population and living standard, changes in the lifestyle and lengthen of the free time still will influence on the growth of demand on tourism and food services.


The construction of top-quality courses is the key branch of teaching quality engineering.To enhance the construction of top-quanlity course of medical microbiology well,we have practiced on the following aspects: teaching content,teaching methods,teaching staff as well as the interaction between teaching and scientific research and so on.


The azlthors have coznparatively studied : passage of W. bancrofti rnicrofilariae irzto lzernocel of A. gambiae A. ; passage of S. labiatopapillosa and W. bancrofti nzicrofilariae into Izenzocel of A. aegypti. In the three cases, nzost of fenzales fed on a carriez have ingested wzicrofilariae (positive femules). (;:;) Travail realise avec l'aide financiere de l'Organisationmondiale de la Sante (O.M.S.). Cuh. O.R.S.T.O.M., sr'r. Ent. med. et Parasitol., Vol. X, no 3, 1972: 235-249 235 At the end of passages (18 or 24 heurs after the meal) : 80 to 100 % of positive females have microfilariae in hemocel. Absence of passage seems caracteristic of either hypo-infected females (case A. gambiae A W. bancrofti) or genetically resistant ones (case A. aegypti S. labiatopapillosa). as a mean, only a third of microfilariae, or less, are in hemocel. Firsf microfilariae pass in.to hemocel during the two first Jzours following the blood meal. At least in two cases, two third of microfilariae able to migrate are in hemocel 5 or 6 horlrs after the meal. The late passages, observed till 18 or 24th. hour, lnay be a consequerzce of either inefficiency of peritrophic membran (case W. bancrofti A. gambiae A), or existence of a prolonged intra-bpithelial phase (case W. bancrofti A. aegypti). Ratio of rnicrofilariae passing into hemocel, varies with the quantity of ingested ones. When this quantity is raising, ratio increases with A. gambiae A, it decreases with A. aegypti. Facilitation of passage observed with A. gambiae A may be explairted by hypertrophy of stomacal cells, but none histological feature may acCount for the limitation observed with A. aegypti. A massive crossing of microfilariae was noticed in a few A. aegypti females infected with S. labiatopapillosa. In ail the cases, a few microfilariae are encapsulated in hemocel, 18 or 24 heurs after the meal. This host-parasite reaction seems more frequent with A. gambiae A than with A. aegypti.


Since the news reports of local two sessions have always been the "traditional highlight",the media will always fully show in the interview,the writing,the layout and the design in order that the reports of procedural conferences, leaders and policy can step out of the homogenization.The article summarizes the innovations occurred in the local Two Sessions in 2010 from three main processes as preheating,reporting and follow-up reporting,and brings up the new ideas about the news communication for the two sessions.


Adult insects of different orders including beetles were fixed in a mixture of a saturated solution of picric acid in 90% alcohol, 75 parts; formalin, 25 parts; nitric acid (cone), 8 parts, 4–6 days and even up to 10 days depending upon the hardness of the cuticle (addition of 5% mercuric chloride to this mixture is recommended when prolonged immersion is required), or in Carnoy and Lebruns' fluid 24–48 hours and then transferred to a solution of 3–6 parts of nitric acid in 100 parts of 90% alcohol (3–6 days). After dehydration in different grades of alcohol, the insects were double embedded in celloidin and paraffin, either by (1) clove oil for 1 day, then to a saturated solution of celloidin in clove oil matured for at least 2 months for 20–40 days, or (2) the conventional ether-alcohol-celloidin mixture for 7 days; followed by hardening in chloroform. The difficulty in the proper infiltration of paraffin into celloidin hardened by chloroform around the insect is avoided by keeping the block overnight i...


We apply Bayesian Model Averaging and a frequentistic model space analysis to assess the pricing-determinants of credit default swaps (CDS). Our study focuses on the complete model space of plausible models covering most of the variables and specifications used elsewhere in the literature, including different copula models. The approach followed supports ultimate transparency and robustness for the empirical study at hand. Using a large data-set of CDS contracts we find that CDS price dynamics can be mainly explained by factors describing firms' sensitivity to extreme market movements. More precisely, our results suggest that dynamic copula based measures of tail dependence incorporate almost all essential pricing information making other potential determinants such as Merton-type factors or variables measuring the systematic market evolution based on simple means or principal component analysis negligible.


Histochemical changes in hamster epididymides and seminal vesicles were studied in non‐treated controls; non‐treated castrates allowed to live for 2, 5, 10 and 20 days after gonadectomy; castrates injected daily with graded doses of testosterone propionate for 20 days (0, 50, 100, 150, 300 and 400 μg); and castrates receiving 150 μg testosterone propionate for 2, 5, 10 and 20 days. Histochemical procedures included the periodic acid‐Schiff method, toluidine blue, Sudan black B and oil red O techniques and a phospholipid procedure. In addition, statistical methods were used to evaluate seminal vesicle response.


PurposeThe authors investigate the durability of international entrepreneurial cognitions. Specifically, they examine how advanced business education and the Covid-19 pandemic influence international entrepreneurial orientation disposition (IEOD), and subsequently entrepreneurial intentions (EIs), to better understand the psychological dynamics underpinning the drivers of international entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachAgainst the backdrop of emerging entrepreneurial cognition and international entrepreneurial orientation research, the authors theorize that both a planned business education intervention (voluntary) and an unforeseeable radical environmental (involuntary) change constitute cognitive shocks impacting the disposition and intention to engage in entrepreneurial efforts. The authors use pre- and post-Covid-19 panel data (n = 233) and uniquely identify the idiosyncratic cognitive effects of Covid-19 through changes in the OCEAN personality assessment.FindingsFindings demonstrate that when individuals' perceived psychological impact of Covid-19 is low, business education increases IEOD. Conversely, the effects of a strongly perceived Covid-19 impact reduce the risk-taking and proactiveness components of the IEOD scale. The authors trace the same effects forward to EIs.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper contributes to a greater understanding of the resilience of entrepreneurial dispositions through an empirical test of the IEOD scale and shows its boundary conditions under planned intervention as well as unplanned externally induced shock.Practical implicationsThe study offers a first benchmark to practitioners of the malleability of international entrepreneurial dispositions and discusses the potential to encourage international entrepreneurial behaviour and the individual-level dispositional risk posed by exogenous shocks.Originality/valueThe study uniquely employs a baseline measure of all our constructs pre-Covid-19 to discern and isolate the pandemic impact on entrepreneurial dispositions and intentions, responding to recent calls for more experimental designs in entrepreneurship research.


Fuzzy factors in CAD/CAPP concurrent tolerance design are analyzed. The result shows that fuzzy factors are of objectiveness and unavoidableness in concurrent tolerance. A new mathematical model was presented for design and manufacturing tolerance design. To solve this model, two steps are used. The first step is to transform the fuzzy optimal model to non-fuzzy optimal model by using a kind of membership function which can change the absolute limit boundary to a transitional one. The second step is to solve the non-fuzzy optimal model using Monte Carlo simulation method. An example is given to illustrate the proposed model.


Although this subject appears to be relatively straightforward there is a good deal that is controversial in both the pathomechanics and treatment of subtaloid stiffness. The interosseous ligament completely separates the obliquely placed and convex posterior joint surface from the anterior concave joint socket formed by the middle facet on the sustentaculum tali, the anterior facet on the neck of the calcaneum and the curved facet on the proximal surface of the navicular. The ball which is the head of the talus is contained in this socket, the whole being surrounded by synovial membrane and capsule strengthened by the spring and bifurcate ligaments (Last 1954). The movements of inversion and eversion which take place at the subtaloid joint are said to amount to about 5-6 degrees in each direction, though they appear to be much more when projected along the axis of the whole foot. With the exception of the calcanean tendon all the long muscles are inserted in front of the midtarsal joint. These muscle insertions mediate a process, aptly described by O'Connor (1959) as tarsal torsion, by which the forefoot is rotated or wound up in a direction of supination or pronation (Last 1954), the force then being transmitted to the calcaneum via the powerful calcaneocuboid ligaments to produce active inversion and eversion at the subtaloid joint. The movement of full inversion which amounts to about 30 degrees is one of adduction, supination and plantar flexion whilst total eversion amounting to 20 degrees is one of pronation, abduction and dorsiflexion. When the subtaloid joint is completely stiff an appreciable


The invention relates to a cutting device arrangement, comprising a generator and a spray device (8, 9), comprising at least one spray means (8) in the vicinity of a cutting tool with fluid for entrapping the cuttings thrown up during the cutting process and a liquid supply device (9), by means of which the liquid may be supplied to the spray means (8), whereby an electric pump (11), is provided as part of the spray device (8, 9), by means of which the liquid may be sprayed under pressure from the spray means (8) and which may be electrically connected to the generator.


Johanna Kinkel (1810–58), Malwida von Meysenbug (1816–1903) and Fanny Lewald (1811–89) were three key female thinkers in Germany at the time of the Revolution of 1848/49. This article establishes the significance of their little known, in part unpublished, early correspondence and demonstrates the difficulty of any generalising account of 'women's history' and 'women's writing'. The exchanges between the three correspondents are shaped by a series of conflicting attitudes and pressures. On the one hand the correspondents wanted to help create a politically enlightened Germany and thus tended to project images of their addressees or themselves as 'new women'. On the other hand they were concerned to present, even to one another, a self-image that conformed to current, rather conservative, social norms and prescriptions. All three women found it difficult to sustain either image under pressure from the conflicts in their daily lives. Some of the reasons for the ultimate disappointment of their hopes for rapid change can be traced in this correspondence.


Gas heating, high frequency induction heating and laser heating can be used as the heat-source of line heating. Most of shipyards have been using the gas heating method for line heating. It is difficult to control the residual deformation of gas heating. High frequency induction heating is more feasible for the automation of line heating rather than the gas heating method since it is easy to control the magnitude of heat input. In this study, a numerical model of high frequency induction heating process is proposed for the application of the line heating. The simulation process of the induction heating is composed of the electromagnetic analysis, the heat transfer analysis, and the thermal deformation analysis.


Very high selectivity of ammonium phosphomolybdate(APM) for caesium has made it an attractive ionexchange material for the removal/recovery of caesium from the fission producta and allied materials [1,2]. I t can pick up caesium from the solutions of high acidity in preference to any other metal ions present in the Solution [3,4]. I t has also been tried for the recovery of caesium from sea water [5]. But the APM prepared by any of the mcthods described [6-8] was in the form of a very fine powder. Hence when it is to be used as an ion exchanger it is generally precipitated on an insoluble inert media such as asbestos. Obviously this decreases the ion excahnge capacity of the product. Efforts have therefore been made by different workers [9 -11] to get APM in granular form so that it could be used without carrier. Phosphomolybdates of somc of the organic amines [12] have also been prepared. However, hitherto melamine phosphomolybdate (MPM) has not been studied. Melamine has obvious advantage over other amines in having a rigid ring structure which is Stahle up to 340°C (decomposition temp. [13] 347°). Hence preparation and Cs+ uptake capacity of MPM has been investigated.


In order to survive and reproduce, all living things great and small, be they elephants or amoebae, must respond to changes in their immediate surroundings. Organisms, then, tend to be sensitive; both sensation and motility are necessary for responsiveness. Among the Protozoa, an amoeba, for example, will detect and glide away from a region of unfavorable pH. Euglena, armed with its photosensitive eyespot, will move toward the sunlight so essential for photosynthesis. The agile and fast-moving Paramecium is equipped with many motile cilia that not only serve as mechanoreceptors, but are covered by excitable membranes.' Among the Metazoa, an impressive array of sensory cells exists that respond to a wide range of stimuli. Investigation of the ultrastructure of metazoan sensory cells reveals a pattern of organization common to most of them: many sensory cells employ cilia, microvilli, or both at the site of stimulus reception. 2.3


Based on the energy and economy data from 1990 to 2008,this paper develops a model to evaluate China's energy security from both supply and demand perspectives and analyze its spatial-temporal evolution by using factor analysis,ArcGIS spatial analysis techniques and scenario analysis.The results are as follows:1)National energy security of China shows first a small and then a large inverted "U"-shaped trend during the past 20 years,and is currently at the downward stage of the pattern.2)The three scenarios for spatial-temporal evolution of regional energy security demonstrate significant differences.Scenario 1 considers only the stability of regional energy supply(α = 1;β = 0).The consequent regional energy security has improved significantly.The evolution of vulnerable regions of energy supply shows an "S"-shaped pattern,and stable regions shows a "Y"-shaped trend.Scenario 2 considers only the security of energy use(α = 0;β = 1).The consequent regional energy security has deteriorated rapidly.The security of regional energy supply and use are roughly in an inverted state.Scenario 3 prioritizes stability of energy supply than security of energy use(α = 0.9;β = 0.1).The consequent spatial distribution pattern of energy security reveals that regional energy security zones of China(sub-strong and strong area)are mainly distributed in the Yellow River Basin,northwestern,southwestern and northeastern parts of China,while vulnerability zones(sub-weak and weak areas)are mainly located in coastal areas.


Many patients with diabetes mellitus present abnormalities in levels of circulating lipids in absence of ketoacidosis and renal disease. These are characterized by elevation of serum fatty acid and triglyceride levels, with only moderate or no increase of serum cholesterol and phospholipid levels. Two factors are involved; they are decompensation of deranged carbohydrate metabolism (lack of insulin) and presence of vascular complications. If maintenance of normal levels of circulating lipids is added to the criteria of management in diabetes mellitus, prognosis for such patients may be improved, especially in regard to complications. Findings are based on data obtained in clinical studies of 94 patients with diabetes compared with similar studies of 24 normal healthy persons.


Introduction Software Product Line Engineering (PLE) has become an important way of building and reusing software. In PLE, the focus is shifted from building isolated products to building families of related products, while reuse is discussed not at an individual object level , e.g. libraries or components, but as a whole: organizational, process wise, and also life cycle wise end to end from requirements to actually deployed variability at the customer. We consider only those platforms PLE efforts that are planned and prescribed to be reused in a dedicated product portfolio or to build solutions in a specific market segment, hence typical general purpose technology platforms, such as Eclipse, JBoss, or .NET, do not fall into this category.


The electromagnetic scattering by an inhomogeneous conducting-gyroelectric object is investigated. A rigorous full-wave method based on the surface-volume integral equation (SVIE), in conjunction with Dini series expansion, is developed. A new orthogonal set of Dini-type spherical vector wave functions is constructed that allows the direct satisfaction of the boundary conditions on the conductor's surface, and in sequence, the reduction of the SVIE to an algebraic form. We investigate the validity of the developed method, which is next applied to radar cross section and interior field computations.


A new type electrooptical electromagnetic field probe was fabricated by combining three magnetic field sensors, each of which consists of a Mach-Zehnder modulator and an integrated annular antenna. The frequency response was flat from 50 MHz to 2.2 GHz. The average minimum detectable electromagnetic field intensity of the sensor is 2.22 mV/m. When the probe axis was pointed toward the electromagnetic radiation source, the highest sensitivity was obtained. The variation of the sensitivity is within plusmn0.5 dB with rotating the probe around its axis. This result indicates that the azimuth of the electromagnetic radiation source can be measured.


A young adult female of low socio-economic status, and a labourer by profession, was brought dead to the Government Medical College & hospital, Chandigarh. History provided by her husband revealed that she had pain abdomen for the last five days for which she was getting treatment from a private practitioner. She had been prescribed NSAIDs and antispasmodics for the same. However, she was not investigated upon and no attempt was made by the practitioner to arrive at any diagnosis. The autopsy was conducted on the next day and at autopsy, about two-and-a-half liters of blood was present in the abdomen and pelvic cavity. Careful internal examination revealed a ruptured ectopic pregnancy as the source of bleeding. The case is discussed with regard to establishing whether the death could have been natural, due to the negligence of the treating doctor or due to contributory negligence. However, even in cases of contributory negligence, the "last chance doctrine" may not save the physician.


BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the fastest rising cancer in women. Fortunately, effective treatments exist and most patients have an excellent prognosis and death from thyroid cancer is rare. Persistent or recurrent cancer is more common and suspected or confirmed thyroid cancer recurrence is associated with psychological distress and increased cancer related worry. Treatment of cancer recurrence increases risk for complications such as hoarseness due to vocal cord paralysis (with recurrent surgery) and dry mouth due to salivary gland problems (with recurrent radioactive iodine therapy)


We present a systematic comparison of several existing and new void finding algorithms, focusing on their potential power to test a particular class of modified gravity models – chameleon f(R) gravity. These models deviate from standard General Relativity (GR) more strongly in low-density regions and thus voids are a promising venue to test them. We use Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) prescriptions to populate haloes with galaxies, and tune the HOD parameters such that the galaxy two-point correlation functions are the same in both f(R) and GR models. We identify both 3D voids as well as 2D underdensities in the plane-of-the-sky to find the same void abundance and void galaxy number density profiles across all models, which suggests that they do not contain much information beyond galaxy clustering. However, the underlying void dark matter density profiles are significantly different, with f(R) voids being more underdense than GR ones, which leads to f(R) voids having a larger tangential shear signal than their GR analogues. We investigate the potential of each void finder to test f(R) models with near-future lensing surveys such as EUCLID and LSST. The 2D voids have the largest power to probe f(R) gravity, with a LSST analysis of tunnel (which is a new type of 2D underdensity introduced here) lensing distinguishing at 80 and 11σ (statistical error) f(R) models with parameters, |fR0| = 10−5 and 10−6, from GR.


As the development of image processing and area array detectors, CCD has been used widely in optical transfer function (OTF) measurement for it can realize fast measurement and avoid scanning operation. An OTF testing instrument using CCD camera is introduced in this paper. This instrument works in visible wavelength with 200mm entrance pupil diameter. The highest spatial frequency this instrument can measure is up to 200lp/mm. This instrument is composed of four parts, that is, object generator, image analyzer, control system and software. A 50mm plano-convex lens is used to calibrate this OTF testing instrument. According to the calibration results, measurement error of this testing instrument is less than 0.04, while its repeatability is less than 0.03.


Digital Object Identifi er: 10.1188/04.CJON.678-680 01. Which of the following hormones is produced excessively by carcinoid tumors? a. Insulin b. Serotonin c. Parathyroid d. Antidiuretic hormone 02. The mainstay of treatment for managing patients with unresectable carcinoid tumors is a. Radiation. b. Biotherapy. c. Chemotherapy. d. Somatostatin analogs. 03. Jerry, a 56-year-old Caucasian man, recently has been diagnosed with a carcinoid tumor. Jerry confi des that he has never heard of this kind of cancer and questions you about the origin of his tumor. Your response is based on the fact that most carcinoid tumors originate from the a. Urinary system. b. Digestive system. c. Respiratory system. d. Central nervous system. 04. Jerry's physician has told him that tests will be ordered as part of his diagnostic evaluation for carcinoid tumor of the small bowel. Jerry asks the nurse what type of tests he should expect. Jerry most likely will have which of the following tests fi rst? a. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) b. Computed tomography (CT) scan c. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan d. Octreotide scan 05. When considering the education plan for Jerry, including the most common side effects associated with carcinoid syndrome is important. In addition to cutaneous fl ushing and bronchospasm, which of the following would the nurse be sure to instruct Jerry to expect? a. Tinnitus b. Diarrhea c. Peripheral neuropathy d. Lower-extremity edema 06. Jerry and his wife ask the nurse which laboratory test most likely will indicate the presence of a carcinoid tumor. The correct answer is a. Chromogranin A (CgA). b. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level. c. Creatinine clearance. d. Serum protein electrophoresis. 07. Mrs. Jones is scheduled to receive her fi rst dose of octreotide (Sandostatin, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ) as part of her treatment for carcinoid tumor. The nurse will explain that the goal of this therapy is to a. Prevent long-term fi brosis. b. Inhibit blood supply to the tumor. c. Control the symptoms of carcinoid. d. Enhance the effects of radiation therapy. 08. Mrs. Jones responded well to subcutaneous (SQ) octreotide therapy with a decrease in her symptoms of carcinoid tumor. As a result, the physician is planning to start her on Sandostatin LAR Depot (Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation). As the nurse caring for Mrs. Jones, you understand that she will a. Discontinue her SQ injections immediately. b. Discontinue her SQ injections one week after starting the LAR dose. c. Continue her octreotide SQ injections for four weeks at a lower dose. d. Continue her octreotide SQ injections for two weeks at the same dose. 09. The multidisciplinary team is discussing the possibility of chemoembolization on Mr. Smith, who has a large carcinoid tumor. The nurse understands that the most optimal candidate for this procedure is a patient who has a. Liver-dominant carcinoid metastasis. b. A surgically resectable gastric carcinoid. c. A primary bronchial carcinoid. d. A mediastinal mass positive for T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. 10. The primary complication resulting from carcinoid tumors is a. Bowel ischemia. b. Pulmonary fi brosis. c. A cardiac-related event. d. A secondary malignancy. 11. The diagnostic test of choice for initially identifying cardiac valve insuffi ciencies in patients with a carcinoid tumor is a. Stress test. b. Cardiac enzymes. c. Echocardiography. d. Cardiac catheterization. 12. The cardiovascular complications often seen with carcinoid tumors stem from a. Long-term use of octreotide. b. Anatomic changes in the cardiac valves. c. Fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. d. Cardiac fatigue secondary to overstimulation.


The last stage long rotating blade is one of the key components in a steam turbine unit.Recently,a series of half-speed last stage rotating blades which range from 1 600 mm to 1 900 mm length and full-speed blades beyond 1 000 mm are proposed in order to meet the high economic and security requirements of the power plants,among which the 1 710 mm long blade is an important application using mostly domestic technology.It is presented to describe the progress of creating a long rotating blade using CAE software for a large scale steam turbine.After the strategy of how to determine the appropriate height of the last stage rotating blade for the steam turbine is set up,the quasi/full-3D flow field of the last three stages in LP casing is calculated.Furthermore,a sophisticated blade structure design and CAE analyzing system for a long blade are introduced to obtain the detail dimension of the blade.Commercial FEA software,such as ABAQUS,is employed to ensure the good reliability of the blade during service period.Finally,in terms of the experiment process,the whole pre-design CAE phase of the extra-long turbine blade is examined and verified.


Objective To understand the arsenic trioxide,thalidomide and dexamethasone in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma effect.Methods Totally 18 cases in our hospital with recurrent and refractory multiple myeloma patients,application of arsenic trioxide,thalidomide and dexamethasone combination therapy after curative effect analysis and evaluation.Results 18 patients with recurrent,refractory multiple myeloma after arsenic trioxide,thalidomide and dexamethasone combined clinical outcome after treatment to alleviate the 9 cases accounted for 50%,improvement in 6 cases accounted for 33.3%,accounting for 3 cases 16.7%.Conclusion Arsenic trioxide,thalidomide and dexamethasone in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma and reliable.


Based on the characteristics of production factors and intrinsic qualities of energy saving and emission reduction,this paper subdivides the efficiency of energy saving emission reduction into energy efficiency and emission reduction efficiency.Meanwhile it classifies Chinese industries into labor-intensive,capital-intensive and resource-intensive types.We also take advantage stochastic frontier production model to discompose generalized technological progress into pure technical progress,technical efficiency and scale efficiency.Combining the heterogeneous industrial analysis and empirical analysis of Chinese industrial sectors,this paper demonstrates that the different effects of technological progress on energy saving or emission reduction and sums up the optimal technology path as well as the comparative advantage for heterogeneous industries.The research further points out that differentiated and dynamic allocation mechanism and interregional market transaction can achieve the incentive compatibility of three levels and benefit Chinese industrial development.


One of the crucial methods for adapting distributed PV generation is the microgrid. However, solar resources, load characteristics, and the essential microgrid system components are all directly tied to the optimal planning scheme for microgrids. This article conducts a collaborative planning study of grid-connected PV-storage microgrids under electric vehicle integration in various scenarios using HOMER 1.8.9 software. To be more specific, in multiple scenarios, we built capacity optimization models for PV modules, energy storage, and converters in microgrids, with several scenarios each accounting for the cleanliness, economic performance, and overall performance of microgrids. For multiple scenarios, this paper used the net present value cost and levelized cost of electricity as indicators of microgrid economics, and carbon dioxide emissions and the fraction of renewable energy were used as indicators of microgrid cleanliness. The optimal capacity allocation for economy, cleanliness, and a combination of economy and cleanliness were separately derived. Finally, on a business park in Wuhan, China, we conducted thorough case studies to compare and debate the planning performance under various scenarios and to undertake sensitivity analyses on the cases. The sensitivity analyses were conducted for the optimal configuration of microgrids in terms of the EV charging scale, carbon dioxide emissions, PV module unit cost, and storage unit cost. The results of the simulation and optimization show that the optimization approach could determine the ideal configuration for balancing economy and cleanliness. As the EV charging demand increased, the energy storage capacity required in the microgrid gradually increased, while the carbon dioxide emission limit was negatively correlated with the energy storage capacity demand. The unit investment cost of PV module units had a greater impact on the optimal system configuration than the cost of batteries.


Preoperative administration of pharmacological substances, such as non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs or opioids, has been gaining acclaim as a preemptive measure to minimize postoperative pain. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of this approach in adults undergoing surgical procedures. MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register were searched from inception through January 2015. Data from randomized placebo‐controlled trials were screened, extracted and assessed for risk of bias according to The Cochrane Collaboration's Tool by two independent authors. The primary outcome measure was reduction in postoperative analgesic consumption during 24 h post surgery; effects were described as mean differences between the drug and placebo arms with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and were pooled using random‐effects models. Potential publication bias was tested using funnel plots and Egger's regression test for funnel plot asymmetry. Screened were 511 records, of which 39 were included in the final synthesis with data from 3172 patients. A significant reduction in postoperative analgesic consumption was observed using preoperative administration of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; 95% CI, −0.61 to −0.14; 31 comparisons), chiefly by the COX‐2 inhibitors class (95% CI, −0.95 to −0.33; 13 comparisons). Significant reduction was also observed for gabapentin (95% CI, −1.60 to −0.38; 6 comparisons). No significant effects were observed using opioids, propionic acids or oxicam derivatives.


One relevant issue for the management of financial stability is the monitoring of the credit market. In this sense, Basel III proposed the credit gap as the most appropriate measure to anticipate financial stability issues. However, the adoption of the credit gap has been criticized, especially for emerging markets. Through a panel data analysis, this study investigates the effect of the credit gap and the credit growth rate on financial stability in Brazil, a relevant emerging economy. For this purpose, we use a set of financial stability measures traditionally found in the literature: z-score, regulatory capital and credit risk. The results suggest that the credit gap and the credit growth rates are adequate metrics to indicate the sustainability of credit growth in Brazil. However, the credit growth rates are more attractive, since it indicates a threshold for credit growth in the Brazilian economy concerning financial stability.


INTRODUCTION The use of test day yield instead of 305-d lactation yields has recently become the focus of much research on evaluation systems for dairy genetics (Tijani et al., 1999 ; Gengler et al., 1999). Several studies have confirmed that environmental effects can be accounted for with greater precision when an effect for test day (TD) is included (Ptak and Schaeffer, 1993; Swalve, 1995, Pool et al., 2000 ; Brotherstone et al., 2000). Different methods have been proposed to estimate the (co)variance structure among TD. In multitrait analysis, different test day yields are treated as different traits but multitrait (co)variance components obtained do not allow a direct continuous description of the (co)variance structure (Gengler et al., 2001). Another method is based on the analysis of TD data with a model that estimates random regression coefficients of the lactation curve for each animal (Jamrozik and Schaeffer, 1997; Brotherstone et al, 2000). The use of covariance functions to fit different covariances among repeated records have also been applied by Kirpatrick et al. (1994) and Meyer and Hill (1997). Finally, Verbyla et al. (1999) has demonstrated that cubic smoothing splines can be fitted into the mixed model framework. The ASREML software (Gilmour et al., 2000) made the computations possible and White et al. (1999) used this methodology to estimate genetic parameters for dairy cow lactation curves. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic and permanent environmental parameters of Portuguese dairy cows TD data applying a cubic spline mixed model.


Chlorhexidine is the most common mouthwash that we can compare the effect of new products with it as a gold standard. This study is designed to compare the effects of shallot extract with chlorhexidine on oral pathogens. The water extract of shallot was mixed with ethyl acetate in 50:50 proportions for a period of 24 h; the upper organic layer was separated and dried in a rotary evaporator, dissolved in methanol and subjected to antimicrobial activity. The tested bacteria were Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius and Lactobacillus casei. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of shallot extract and chlorhexidine were measured by E test and tube dilution method respectively. The growth of all tested microorganisms was stopped by shallot extract. The least MIC of shallot extract was for S. mutans, 0.4 µg/ml and the most was for L. casei, 1.4 µg/ml. The MIC of chlorhexidine for these bacteria was 0.62 and 5 µg/ml respectively. Regarding the results, shallot extract has good effects on oral pathogens as compared with chlorhexidine and can be used as a new mouthwash but its side effects must be investigated.

 Key words: Shallot extract, chlorhexidine, oral pathogens, mouthwash.


The agricultural product transaction efficiency is the key factor to influencing income growth realization of the peasants.Based on transaction expense theory,after comparing agricultural product transaction efficiency under different transaction methods,the author indicates that the development of agricultural industrialized leading enterprises to promote transaction efficiency is relatively reasonable institutional arrangement.


The success of aquaculture systems is dependent upon the physical and chemical properties of the water resources and the site. Thus, prior to the introduction of aquaculture in Palestine, the natural resources of the areas must be determined as adequate. In this study, sites with viable water flow rate and climate were located. The physical and chemical properties of the water resources were tested to determine water dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, total ammonia, nitritenitrogen, chloride, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, turbidity and temperature. The topography, climate, and existing agricultural activities in each of the viable sites were also examined. This information will provide the basis necessary to assess the potential of introducing aquaculture in Palestine. Two of the West Bank regions were found suitable for warm freshwater aquaculture: the Jordan Rift and the northern parts of the Eastern Slopes. The richness in water resources, the moderate climate, and suitable landscape of these two regions set them apart from the other regions. The Mediterranean Sea on the Gaza Strip coast constitutes the sole resource for marine aquaculture. However, pollution of the marine environment in this region is severe and may threaten the survival of fish and thus the success of aquaculture projects. Due to time and financial restrictions, on-site research produced limited data, primarily confined to water quality testing and field observation. Other data, such as climate and water discharge, were gathered from primary sources published by institutions in both Israel and Palestine. Further site-specific examination of other water quality elements, such as heavy metals, agrochemicals, and pathogens, is essential before determining the adequacy of a site for aquaculture.


Two branches in the study of poverty developed in the beginning of 18th century. Followers of the social Darwinism (Smith, Ricardo, Malthus, Spencer) consider the cause of poverty as natural conditions of the mankind being. Adherents of the egalitarian theory (Rekliu, Marx, Engels) interpret poverty as a brood of the social system.


Long-Range Alpha Detector (LRAD) systems are used to measure alpha sources by directly measuring the ionization caused by the alpha Particle interaction with air. Two different types of alpha detectors have been developed using LRAD technology: air-flow and fanless detectors. Investigations have been carried out using these detectors to transport properties of the ion pairs created by alpha par-pressures and temperatures in several different gasses. Tests have also being carried out to determine the effects of variation in airflow on detector response. Monte Carlo codes have been written to better model the stopping distance and behavior of alpha particles, beta particles and ions for various source and detector geometries. LRAD detectors have proven to be many times more sensitive than traditional alpha detectors and, therefore, may be used in applications for which a high degree of sensitivity is required. This paper will discuss the results of our tests, as well as the basic LRAD technology and its applications.


OF THE THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE C^ BQCtor of $1^ toopfip IN HISTORY By PRIYANKA SRIVASTAVA Under the Supervision of Dr. (Mrs.) ROOHI ABIDA AHMAD CENTRE OF ADVANCE STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIIW UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2013 Abstract Bhakti implies the sense of a personal relation with God, there is a surge of love and intense devotionalism. It is reaction of heart versus rigid intellectualism of Vedas. It involved ethical and emotional content. Bhakti Movement of Medieval India was shaking the social structure and challenging the privileges and authority of the custodians of religion and was trying to establish direct relation between God and men. This movement was undoubtedly an expression of the emotional aspect of Hinduism. It took inspiration from the ancieiil* scriptures of the Hindus, but V • 'V.H. '\' ';•'Bhakti implies the sense of a personal relation with God, there is a surge of love and intense devotionalism. It is reaction of heart versus rigid intellectualism of Vedas. It involved ethical and emotional content. Bhakti Movement of Medieval India was shaking the social structure and challenging the privileges and authority of the custodians of religion and was trying to establish direct relation between God and men. This movement was undoubtedly an expression of the emotional aspect of Hinduism. It took inspiration from the ancieiil* scriptures of the Hindus, but V • 'V.H. '\' ';•' after its contact with Islam, particularIyin*'̂ orthern India, its character changed considerably. In the religious terminology Bhakti means the worship of a personal God and is a spirit of love and the attainment of liberation The earliest saints of Bhakti school belong to Tamil land, they were the follower of either Vishnu or Shiva and known as Alvara and Nannyars. These saints composed their devotional songs in vernacular. They address the people without any discrimination of castes. They made an appeal to the hearts of the masses and became very popular. Chapter one depicts the socio-political condition of Northern India during 15̂ '' and 16̂ '̂ centuries. Before the Turkish conquest of India politics and society of India was dominated by the Rajput and Brahmins, Turkish conquests brought their supremacy to an end. The Turkish deprived the Brahmins of their temple wealth and state patronage, so the Brahmins suffered both materially and ideologically. Chapter two is devoted to the evolution and thought of Bhakti through the Religious Scriptures like The Bhagvada Gita, The Bhagavata Purana, The Bhakti Sutra ofNarada and Shandilya, Saints of Vaishnava and Shaiva school of Bhakti and thoughts of Vaishnava acharyas. The evolution and early development of Bhakti thought and ideology, both Vaishnava and Shaiva, took place in South India and it was brought to Northern India in the medieval period. Chapter three follows the transformation of Bhakti movement in Northern India. Here it spread out under the leadership of Ramananda, a Vaishnava saint and the reviver of Ramanandi sect, lays stress on the concept of equality. He removed the distinction of caste and accepted his disciples from the different strata of society. Chapter four deals with the attitude of Bhakti saints towards the Bhakti theory. Several eminent saints from various parts laid emphasis on the unity of God and surrender to His will in order to attain salvation which is goal of human life. These saints provoked people to bring changes in their life and thoughts. These saints have two different aspects of Bhakti i.e. Nirguna Bhakti and Saguna Bhakti Both Nirguna and Saguna Bhakti saints believed in the unity of God, importance of a Satguru in the life of human beings and unreality of maya (illusion). Chapter five focused on the short biography of the prominent Bhakti saints and Sufi saints of India who spread their valuable preaching in India and tried to remove the discrimination in society. Chapter six and the last chapter of the thesis deals with the interaction of thought, personal contact and common teachings of the Bhakti and Sufi saints of Northern India during 15'̂ and 16'̂ centuries. Both gave importance to the vernacular language and used as the medium of their preaching. Both Bhakti and Sufi saints were against the caste system and orthodoxy in society. Bhakti saints preached universal toleration and brought about a revolution in the structure of Indian society. The main purpose of the Bhakti Movement was to unite Hindus and Muslims as there was a wide distance between them. So the result of Bhakti Movement was that the two great cultures came into close contact with each other and a healthy synthesis came about. EVOLUTION OF BHAKTI MOVEMENT IN NORTHERN INDIA DURING 15̂ " AND 16̂ " CENTURY THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Boctor of ^iitloisiopl^;' IN HISTORY By PRIYANKA SRIVASTAVA Under the Supervision of Dr. (Mrs.) ROOHI ABIDA AHMAD CENTRE OF ADVANCE STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2013


One-to-one ( 1: 1) computing initiatives have become widespread in K-12 schools today. The benefits of 1: 1 computing are tremendous, but schools must take careful consideration when planning for such initiatives. The purpose of this literature review is to examine effective methods for 1: 1 implementation. Thirty peer-reviewed studies on 1: 1 computing programs in K-12 schools were purposefully selected, the majority being from 2010 to present. Special attention was given to benefits of 1: 1 computing and several key elements leading to teachers' readiness for successful 1: 1 program implementation: overcoming teacher fears, changing teacher beliefs and attitudes, and strengthening professional development in order to shift pedagogy. The implications of these findings are especially beneficial for any school in the beginning stages of I: I implementation.


By optimization of M-EMS process parameters,the fine metallurgy effects were obtained and the qualities of rectangular bloom have been improved remarkably.


The enlarged inflorescence bract diagnostic of extant Tilia has an extensive Tertiary fossil record in the Northern Hemisphere. Diversity of bract morphology, and the extent of adnation between peduncle and bract, is reviewed for fossil and extant species of Tilia. An extinct type of bract with an orbicular outline and palmate venation is documented by the fossil species Tilia circularis (Chaney) comb. nov. from the early Oligocene of Oregon and is designated Type A. Living species of the genus have elongate bracts with predominately pinnate venation that are borne in two basic configurations: Type B, with the peduncle fused only to the extreme base of the bract lamina, as in extant Tilia endochrysea Hand.-Mzt. of southern China; and Type C with the peduncle fused medially along the basal one-third of the bract lamina, as in most extant species. Bracts of Type B were widely distributed in the Tertiary of western North America (late Eocene to Miocene) and Europe (early Miocene to Pliocene), while those of Type C are known in the fossil condition only from the middle and late Tertiary of Asia and Pliocene of Europe. The bracts of T. circularis, like those of type B, are borne on relatively long stalks and have the peduncle fused only at the extreme base. The fossil record supports recognition of the following characters as apomorphic in Tilia bract evolution: bracts sessile, peduncle adnate to the upper surface of the bract, and pinnate bract venation. Tilia is distributed widely in the Northern Hemisphere with representatives in the deciduous hardwood forests in North America, Europe, and Asia. The genus is well represented in the Tertiary fossil record by pollen, leaf, and infructescence remains. Although chiefly temperate in its present-day distribution, Tilia belongs to a family that is mainly tropical today. The radiation of Tiliaceae and related families Sterculiaceae, Bombacaceae, and Malvaceae was underway by the Late Cretaceous, as indicated by fossil wood (Wheeler, Lee, and Matten, 1987) and pollen (Muller, 1976), but the first reliable evidence of the genus Tilia is about 20 million years later in the Tertiary. Pollen closely comparable to that of Tilia first appears in the Paleocene of Europe (Mai, 1961) and in the Eocene of North America (Leffingwell, 1971; Rouse, 1977; Nichols and Ott, 1978) and Asia (e.g., Kulkova, 1973). By light microscopy, however, pollen of Tilia is similar to that of other genera such as extant Craigia and the extinct genera Burretia Mai (Mai, 1961) and Florissantia Knowlton (Manchester, 1992). Therefore, reports based upon pollen that are not documented by electron microscopy or corroborated by megafossil evidence should be viewed with caution. Leaves attributed to Tilia occur as early as the middle Eocene in western North America


facilities and equipment, a rather high percentage of these cancer patients are at advanced stages when initially diagnosed. A further climb in cancer mortality is expected, secondary to control of communicable diseases, the ageing of the population, and the increased use of tobacco. By the year 2020, China is expected to have the largest elderly population in the world, ahead of India by more than 170 million.' 1 China is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco in the world and the future


The invention provides a tobacco stem expansion pelletization processing method and equipment thereof, which can realize continuous processing, has good expansion effect and can effectively reduce energy consumption. The tobacco stem expansion pelletization processing method includes the steps of heating and pressurizing the tobacco stem through 8-9bar steam-gas, and then releasing the pressure to enable the tobacco stem to expand. The tobacco stem expansion pelletization processing equipment comprises a feeding device, a pressurizing and heating device, and an expansion processing device. The feeding device is connected with the pressurizing and heating device through an auxiliary feeding device which is a revolving spherical sealing valve provided with a U-shaped material chute. Compared with prior art, the processing method reduces working pressure of the steam-gas, thus reducing sealing requirements to the processing equipment, so enterprises are unnecessary to be equipped with additional high-pressure boilers. Meanwhile, continuous feeding is good for improving tobacco stem processing efficiency. The processing equipment is simple in structure, can realize continuous production while achieving equal expansion quality and can save steam energy by a large margin, thus reducing corresponding processing cost.


Wave energy holds a lot of possibilities, as oceans contain an infinite amount of energy. In the past many concepts for wave power conversion were invented and tested. A Wave Energy Converter (WEC) converts the kinetic and/or potential energy of waves into electricity. Thus far, none of the concepts for wave power conversion has reached a maturity that makes it economic exploitable due to several technological and non-technological barriers.
As the rated power of a single WEC is rather small, several WECs need to be arranged in a geometric configuration or in a `farm'. WECs in a farm are partly absorbing and partly redistributing the incident wave power. The power produced by each individual WEC in the farm is affected by the presence of its neighbouring WECs. The current knowledge about the redistribution of energy inside and behind a farm of WECs is rather limited. Both the power production and cost of a farm are dependent on the lay-out of the farm. So far, most studies concentrate on the optimization of a single WEC, rather than optimizing a complete farm. To develop a commercial technology, the impact of arranging WECs in a farm has to be investigated as well. The optimization of the lay-out of a farm of WECs in the North Sea is the focus of this PhD research.
The wave power resources and possible locations for the deployment of a farm of WECs in the North Sea are quantified in a first part of this PhD research. In this PhD work an optimal balance between power production and cost of a farm of WECs is aimed at. Therefore in a second part the wake effects behind a farm of WECs are studied in a time-dependent mild-slope wave propagation model MILDwave, developed at Ghent University. Finally the cost of a farm is discussed in a third part of this PhD work. Moreover an investment analysis of the deployment of a farm of WECs in the southern North Sea is presented.


According to the quality defects encountered in construction of cast in place bored piles of bridge from pile end bracing, drilling, pile hole cleaning and other aspects the causing reasons are analyzed and corresponding control measures are proposed.


Musique. Maral also makes clear that each of these bodies had its own organist. (Couperin, for example, was the organist for the January–March quarter with the Musique, from 1693 until his death, working with Lalande for most of this time.) Another casualty of simultaneously employing sources a century apart is the discussion about the chapel orchestra (p.183). First we are told (on the basis of the Metoyen plan dated 1773) that 'nothing indicates . . . the presence of a harpsichord', but Maral seems not to have noticed that one of Philidor's scores of Lalande's Dominus regnavit of 1704 (F-LYm, 133605) and the 'Cauvin' copy of the same work at Versailles (F-V, Ms mus 220) both prescribe 'violons et clavecin' in the eighth movement, 'Audivit', and there is also a separate 'clavessin' part for this work (figured throughout) in the performing material in the Marquis de La Salle collection (F-Pn, H392j). In the very next sentence, Maral, still discussing the Metoyen plan, asserts that, 'although no longer indicated, serpents and crumhorns . . . were still present in order to reinforce the outer parts of the choir', and cites an article by Laurence Decobert describing the chapel orchestra in the time of Du Mont (who died in 1684)—in fact Decobert carefully added 'at the time' (à l'époque) to her statement. A more careful reading of the chapel orchestra lists in the Etat de la France (listed among Maral's documents) would have shown him how serpents and crumhorns gave way to oboes and bassoons in the early 18th century and would not have been in Metoyen's mind in 1773. There are a few slips. For example, no woman singer's name appears on the ten volumes of Lalande motets (F-V, Mss mus 8–17) other than 'Mlle Delalande', despite Maral's suggestion (p.79) that 'other women featured among the soloists for the recitatives' in this collection (all other 17 singers named were men), nor does he cite any evidence to support his proposition that this 'Mlle Delalande' can be identified as Lalande's wife, Anne Rebel, who, on the contrary, was normally referred to in cast lists and elsewhere as 'Mlle Rebel'. Also, Maral's suggestion that these ten volumes were destined for the conductor's stand seems unlikely, given the huge number of mechanical errors and omissions they display, as those editors who have attempted to produce editions from them have discovered. More likely, their handsome bindings, illuminated title-pages and florid dedications strongly suggest they were prepared for the king's library shelves. The festival of St Cecilia was first celebrated at Notre-Dame de Versailles in November 1687 (not 1688 as stated on p.154) and reported in Le Mercure galant in January 1688. Although Maral was not to know this at the time of writing, it is also worth mentioning that the Kyrie eleison attributed to Lalande on p. 166 has since been shown to be a contrafactum of movements from Lalande's grand motet setting of Veni Creator spiritus, S14, prepared in the 19th century by Louis Dietsch (well known to Berlioz scholars) for the church of Saint-Eustache, Paris. On p.192 Maral describes [Alexandre] Tannevot as 'éditeur' of the edition of Lalande's motets, but neither possible meaning of this word is applicable; Tannevot was a poet, and there is no evidence he took any part in the edition other than to provide the invaluable 'Préface ou Discours sur la vie et les ouvrages de M. De La Lande'. If this impressive study has one outstanding weakness for musicians (aside from the lack of an index), it is a reluctance to consult musical literature and sources as widely as archival and ecclesiastical ones. Although it runs to some 332 titles, the bibliography lists few English-language books or articles, and certainly none of the many relevant essays by various authors that have appeared in this journal, for instance. Although handsome in its design, despite challengingly small print for footnotes, it is lamentable that a reference book of this kind should be sold in so-called 'perfect' binding—the review copy is already falling apart. Nonetheless, despite its limitations, Maral's comprehensive survey is essential reading for all who seek to appreciate, edit or perform French Baroque church music, and is likely to remain so for a long time.


Introduction Rh ion-exchanged Y-type zeolite catalysts (RhY) are highly active for methane formation from CO2 and H2, compared with other Rh catalysts supported on conventional amorphous oxides. To elucidate correlation between the surface structure and catalytic activity, a new XAFS analysis system with an in-situ cell for highpressure and high-temperature was developed. The structures of Rh nanoparticles under catalytic CO2 hydrogenation reaction conditions were investigated


Currently, the chronic or incapable pathological processes in the geriatrical population, consist a challenge for the health. Amongst the conditions most frequent associates with incapacity, are diabetis mellitus, that directly or indirectly she harms the quality of life of the aged population. This study she considered to evaluate the peripheral vascular condition of the diabetic foot in aged. The population had been resident citizens in the area of to include of the Unit of the Health of the Family Luiz Fogliatto - Ijui/RS. The sample was composed for 22 citizens with diagnosis of diabetis mellitus with superior age the 60 years. The peripheral vascular conditions had been evaluated by the protocol suggested for Buerger-Allen, which evaluates the following aspects: integrity of the skin, cutaneous temperature, edema, pulses, sensitivity and force. For the evaluation of sensitivity the monofilaments of Semmes Weinstein had been used. Results: of the 22 citizens, 63.64% were of feminine sort and 36.36% of the masculine sort, with average age of 71,40 ( 8,05), being that 50% of the participants of the study were in the ethry band of 60 the 70 years, 31.81% between 71 the 80 years, and 18.19% with superior age the 80 years. Of the co-morbid associates to diabetes mellitus of bigger prevalence was the systema arterial hypertension with 86,36%. Of the conditions of the skin drying was observed more frequently and absence of coats, also observed presence of edema degree I in the inferior members. Already how much sensitivity was observed reduction of protective sensitivity in significant number of the participants, the same also alteration of muscular force of the previous and later brawny groups of the leg was verified, as well as the pulsation of the arteries patios dorsal, shin-bone back and politer. The present study it identified innumerable peripheral vascular alterations that can come toaggravate themselves compromising the quality of life of the citizens.


Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.The design and implementation of training monitoring platform for sailboat racing are proposed in this paper.This platform is based on the optimal path planning method for sailboat racing theoretically.GPS,GIS,wireless data transfer,serial data transfer and intelligent control technologies are used according to complex marine environments.This platform may realize the real time detection and monitoring of practical sailing route,simulating of the optimal path and monitoring of expert system and so on.Test results indicated.


For valuable decision making, the extraction of information enriched data from a collection of large and unstructured data is of high significance. Data mining can be used to extract hidden knowledge from a data set. Mining unstructured attributes is renowned technique for predicting the potential causes of diseases. However, it is complex process to develop prediction mechanism for diseases those comprise characteristics like dataset-unavailability and lengthy diagnoses procedures. Syncope is classified as one of such disease. This paper presents novel framework for predicting possible causes of syncope disease. The validation of framework is performed through real case study. Data set used in this research is obtained from Armed forces institute of cardiology and National institute of heart disease (AFIC & NIHD), Rawalpindi, Pakistan. K-means clustering algorithm is used for classification of dataset. Results are compared by applying K-means fast, K medoids and X-means algorithms. Empirical results prove that proposed framework improve the predication accuracy through novel clustering approach for possible syncope causes.


279 patients with gastric carcinoma were treated from July 1979 to August 1984. of these 279 patients, 32 were merely explored and were excluded from this study. 247 patients who had had resection were divided into two groups: 148 patients treated by operation alone (Control group) and 99 patients with intraoperative irradiation (8-10 MeV Beta beam, tumor dose 25-40 Gy, IOR group) . The clinical stages and the type of operation were comparable in these two groups. The 1,3,5 year survival rates were 72% (106/148), 35% (17/49), 22%(2/9) in the control group and 70%69/99), 32% (18/57), 27% (3/11) in the IOR group. There was no significant difference in the survival rates in stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ between these two groups. Yet, the survival rates seemed to be higherin the IOR group than that in the control group for stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ lesions, even through the P value was larger than 0.05. The authors believe that the tumor resection plus intraoperative irradiation might be possibly helpful in the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma.


The invention discloses a method for discriminating wind power digestion capability from multiple dimensions based on wind power operation simulation, belonging to the field of electric power system operation and control. The method includes the steps of: simulating the timing sequence outputs of a wind power station by making use of the technology of simulating the operations of multiple wind power stations according to the measured wind data; and according to the simulated timing sequence outputs of the wind power station and the discrimination cluster of annual wind power digestion capacity, discriminating the wind power digestion capacity from multiple dimensions by taking the peak shaving ability, the frequency regulating ability, the load tracking ability, the rapid reserve ability and the network transmission ability as the constraint conditions. The method can help the dispatching, operating and control workers of an electric power system precisely predict the wind power volume which can be accepted by the electric power system in the future from multiple dimensions, and then help the workers set out a wind power digestion plan so to realize high-efficiency utilization of the wind power. The method exhibits great practical significance and has a good application prospect.


To optimize the protocol, the shoot tips of Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam. radiomutants have been cryopreserved using the encapsulation- dehydration technique, following different approaches. In the experiment the influence of abscisic acid - ABA (0; 10; 20 and 30 μM), sucrose concentration (0.09; 0.25 and 0.5 M) and temperature (5oC or 22oC) during preculture were tested. Furthermore two dehydra- tion methods, gradual and one-step, were considered. Since the best results were reported with 10 μM ABA + 0.09 M sucrose at room temperature and gradual dehydration, only this combination was selected for the next desiccation-adjustment step. From the time of air desiccation under laminar air-flow applied (0; 1; 2; 3; 4 and 5 hours), 3 hours provided the best results. Due to the growth inhibition on the hormone-free medium, the addition of plant growth regulators during that phase was also tested, confirming the need to apply cytokinins into the medium.


The profiles of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylamino)-imidazoline HCl (RX 77171) and 2-[6-(1,4-benzodioxanylamino)]imidazoline maleate (RX 801074) were compared with that of clonidine in isolated tissues and pithed rats. RX 77171 consistently displayed prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist and postjunctional agonist properties. In contrast, RX 801074 had a complex profile which showed considerable variability between tissues. This variability is highlighted by comparing its effects at the prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors of the isolated vas deferens and guinea-pig ileum; in the former RX 801074 was an agonist whereas only antagonist properties were apparent in the ileum.


A new algorithm is described which generates the co‐ordinates of the tth point along a Hilbert curve, given the value of the parameter t. The algorithm is expressed in the concurrent programming language occam.


The 2 degrees temperature target or even 1.5 degrees temperature target set by the Paris Agreement has driven global climate change commitments and programs. This study simulates the specific pathway to global carbon neutrality under the 2 degrees temperature control target. The strategies for achieving carbon neutrality and temperature control goals in China are constructed by combining the emissions of different sectors in China. The key pathways to achieve carbon neutrality are to improve energy efficiency and electrification. In addition, the energy mix should be adjusted to reduce or even eliminate coal-based fossil fuels and increase the use of renewable energy. Efforts should also be made to increase carbon sinks and energy storage, and to control costs. At the same time, policies and laws will play a role in promoting the achievement of carbon neutrality. Ultimately, climate change mitigation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions on a global scale can be achieved.


Effects of the Symple Readers Curriculum on Expressive Vocabulary Acquisition of Elementary Students with Developmental Disabilities Loralene Edvalson Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education, BYU Master of Science Despite the emphasis society places on literacy, most students with developmental disabilities remain illiterate. One cause for this illiteracy may be that these students lack foundational language skills that contribute to being able to read. Research has shown that, among other contributions, multiple exposures across time increase students' abilities to acquire knowledge. The Symple Readers integrated curriculum plans for multiple exposures to novel picture vocabulary words by building them into all activities across the students' day and week. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the Symple Readers integrated curriculum on expressive vocabulary development. During the six-week study, eight elementary students with developmental disabilities were given the opportunity to acquire 27 novel expressive vocabulary words. A multiple probe design across word sets was used to determine the effects of instruction on word acquisition. While individual results varied, the average expressive vocabulary gain was 72% of the novel words, showing a clear functional relationship between the Symple Readers integrated curriculum and the acquisition of the 27 novel expressive vocabulary words.


Double layered Ni-P electroless deposits consised of two layers with different P content.The open circle potential in 3.5% NaCl solution of the inner deposit with 11.0 mass% P is -0.35 V.And that of the top deposit with 9.7 mass% is -0.46V.PdCl2 solution was used to evaluate the stability of the Ni-P electroless plating solutions.The anticorrosion property of the double layered electroless deposit and that of the single deposit were compared by the standard salt spray test,and the pit corrosion resistances of the two kinds of deposits were evaluated by filter paper method and scaning electron microscope.The experimental results show that the corrosion rate of the double layered electroless deposit sample (7.04 μm/a) is much lower than that of single electroless deposit sample (28.3 μm/a).The double layered electroless deposit has higher uniform corrosion resistance and pit corrosion resistance than that of the single Ni-P electroless deposit.


This paper addresses the problem of phase-noise estimation and mitigation in full-duplex radio transceivers. It has been shown before that the phase-noise is one of the most critical factors limiting the self-interference suppression performance in full-duplex radio transceivers. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed for the phase-noise estimation and mitigation. The algorithm has high estimation quality and low computational complexity, and it does not require synchronization of the useful and self-interference signals, so it is applicable also in long-range communications. The performance of the algorithm is then evaluated and compared to the performance of the state-of-theart algorithm with extensive computer simulations.


Wound healing is a process that commences with an injury and usually terminates in the formation of a scar tissue (Rubin and Farber, 1996). Traditionally, it is divided into four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling (Figure 1.1). Further, the wound healing also involves different phases such as coagulation, epithelization, granulation, collagenation, and tissue remodeling (Fulzele et al., 2002).


In HF hybrid sky-surface wave radar (HFSSWR), the performance of detecting low velocity target will be greatly affected by space spread clutter (SSC), such as the broadening first-order sea clutter and the ionospheric clutter. Main-lobe cancellation is a powerful method for SSC suppression which using the strong spatial correlation to obtain a target-free training data. But due to the non-stationary properties of ionosphere, the clutter statistics change significantly among training data. In order to get training data which contains precise clutter information, an improved main-lobe cancellation (IMLC) method based on single notch space filter and correlation analysis is proposed. Firstly, a main-lobe clutter canceller based on single notch space filter has been developed to block the target component. Then, an optimized correlation analysis strategy (OCA) is presented to choose the efficient training data. Finally, the method is examined by measured data and the results indicate the method has a good performance for SSC suppression than traditional method.


This paper selects ten major cities along the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. This paper aims to analyze the spatial spillover effect and regional economic growth brought by high-speed railway network from the theoretical and empirical perspectives. The high-speed railway network brings convenience to the cities along the Beijing-Shanghai route. It also reduces the commuting cost between regions and speeds up the economic development. At the same time, the high-speed railway network also makes the siphon effect of core cities along the Beijing-Shanghai line more significant. It also results in the shortage of elements, production reduction and negative spatial spillover effect in surrounding cities.


In the last years, thanks to an incredible development of medicine and using more aggressive forms of cancer treatment, the number of cancer survivors increases. Currently in Poland, 5% of people diagnosed with cancer are under 35 years old, which means in procreative age. It is particularly important to pay attention to the standard of their lives. It is correlated with many aspects, also the will to have children. In cases of girls and young women, an effective cancer treatment should be preceded by an offer of a proper method enabling fertility preservation. One of such methods is cryopreservation of ovarian cortex. Cryopreservation of ovarian cortex is an experimental, but very promising method of preserving fertility especially for young women, also before puberty. In contrast to other methods, requires no hormonal stimulation prior to collection the tissue so it doesn't delay cancer therapy. After at least 2 years from the end of cancer treatment and exclusion of recurrent disease, ovarian tissue can be transplanted orthoor heterotopic. The aim of the study is to emphasize the need to inform women about the fertility preservation methods even before the cancer treatment. The issue of the fertility preservation is becoming increasingly essential due to the growing number of the cancer survivors.


In this paper the theoretical foundation, principle, plan arrangement and design, the stripping strength calculation and flexibility checking calculation of early dismantling supporting system are introduced. At the same time economic analysis is carried out. With obvious advantages this technology has important application value.


Acontinuous process for the polymerization of acrylamide and hydrolysis of functional groups in alkaline condition has been carried out. It was found that acrylamide may be polymerized and hydrolyzed in a single consequential step, whereby, both degrees of polymerization and hydrolysis can be carefully controlled. The hydrolysis of polyacrylamide up to 10 and 60% degrees was facilitated in suitable amount of different alkalines. The degree of hydrolysis of samples was determined by a back titration method. We have found that sodium carbonate as an hydrolyzing agent, also acts as a retarder and its addition to polymerization solution reduces the rate of polymerization reaction. The measured molecular weight of samples shows that we have reached a high molecular weight (about 12 million) and excellent water solubility. Another interesting result obtained is that the copolymer solutions showed a non-newtonian shear thinning behaviour. On the other hand, the associative behaviour is observed between the samples.


Simulation is aimed very often to solve problems of great complexity requiring – beyond using the advanced simulation software tools – platforms that enable the implementation of such software systems. In recent years the concept of cloud computing has emerged and is being applied more and more widely for solving such problems. This paper, beyond delineating the main trends of the development of distributed simulation over a grid, especially over the Internet through Web-based applications, highlights the concepts of service-based simulation system approach. This concept gives the possibility of implementing Web- or cloud agents and other ASP system compliant simulation services based on simulation standards. As a sample application, Fuzzy Web Service is demonstrated as a part of CASSANDRA 4.0 (Cognizant Adaptive Simulation System for Applications in Numerous Different Relevant Areas) that is developed by the McLeod Institute of Simulation Sciences Hungarian Center.


After studying the questionnaires to the HR managers of some science and technology service organizations in Guangdong,the paper finds that the talents are not only in short supply,but also in a low level at their knowledge and qualification.The paper strongly suggests that it is urgent to train the talents with high education,rich experience and good capacity.


themes of Ukiyo-E are women and girls from the market stalls and scenes from ordinary life: pictures of actors are quite rare" (p. 60). The truth is almost exactly the reverse. "The murals in the Kon-do Hall of the Horyu-ji Temple (built in A.D. 607) are the earliest oil-paintings in the world and constitute one of the supreme achievements of Asiatic art." But the wall paintings of the Kondo are not executed in oil (he is thinking of the panels of the Tamamushi shrine); they were painted a full century later and are probably nothing more than provincial versions of Chinese T'ang paintings. Spelling mistakes such as Kokusai for Hokusai or Jaiga for Taiga may be due to the printers, but opinions such as that the choice of the winners of the contest for the New Year's poems is "an event at least as important as a Presidential election" are the author's responsibility.


The invention discloses a method for processing pure-cotton cool-feeling knitted fabric. The method is characterized by including that highly-twisted pure-cotton yarn are taken as raw materials, and the whole process includes high-temperature boiling of the yarn, wet weaving, pretreatment, biological polishing enzyme treatment, dyeing, hydrophilic soft finishing, dewatering, scutching, drying and forming. The method has the advantages that the highly-twisted pure-cotton yarn is adopted to replace conventional synthetic fibers, so that the problem that the highly-twisted yarn is difficult to weave on a circular knitting machine is solved, and the defect that the conventional synthetic fibers are poor in moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing performance and difficulty in heat dissipation is overcome; pure natural fibers meet a consumption concept, of 'dressing for health', of people, the knitted fabric processed by the method has a momentary cool feeling and a long-lasting cooling function, and low temperature can still be kept after long-time wearing of the fabric.


: Data about the efficacy of predator damage reduction programs are shown for predation loss studies with control, loss studies without control, complaint resolution or success rates, and predation-predator-capture sequences. This combined evidence indicates that animal damage control programs are reducing predation on livestock. Predator control and the effectiveness of predator control practices are controversial subjects that frequently precipitate sharp debate between various groups of the American public. Opponents of predator control charge that livestock predation figures are vastly overestimated and that predator control is not necessary or effective in reducing losses. Livestock ranchers, especially sheepmen, claim that predator control is essential to their industry and that without controls many would go out of business. Several types of data may be examined which reflect upon the effectiveness of predator control. Data presented here include: loss studies with predator control, loss studies without predator control, complaint resolution rates by time period, and predation-predator-capture sequences.


Turbulence spreading is a common nonlinear phenomenon in plasmas. It is one of important issues toward quantitatively predicting transport in burning plasmas, e.g. the ITER. Updated interest in such dynamics is probably ascribed to its correlation with the transport scaling of the machine size. It may also contribute to the transport nonlocality observed in experiments. On the other hand, fully understanding the role of the zonal flow(ZF) in turbulent transport is one of the challenging problems in plasma theory and simulation. In this work, the turbulence spreading is investigated based on a full-f gyrokinetic global simulation with a focus on its correlation with both the linear mode structure and the ZF dynamics. To elucidate the former dependence, simulation is performed in a magnetic shearless plasma considering the similarity of global structures between toroidal ITG and shearless slab ITG modes, in which the global mode envelops are determined by the pressure profile. Furthermore, the ZF effect is analyzed by comparing the averaged spreading distance x  in both ITG and ETG turbulence as well as


The structure and function of digestive system of Pinna (Atriina) pectinata Linnaeus were studied using histological and histochemical methods. The epithelium of the digestive tract is composed of columnar ciliated cells, goblet cells (mocous cell), and eosinphilic cell only in the epithelium of labial palp, mid-gut and ascending limb intestine. The epithelium of digestive diverticula consists of secretory cells and digestive (absorptive) cells. Many blood spaces present in the subcutaneous connective tissue, and "granular cells " exist in the connective tissues and blood spaces. The epithelium of esophagus, stomach, mid-gut, style sac and digestive diverticula can produce the digestive enzymes which involved in the digestion and absorption of food particles, and the connective tissues and "granular cell " also participate in the digestion and absorption of food. Ferric ion is present in the epithelium of labial palp, esophagus, mid-gut and style sac,and "granular cell "in the connective tissues. Calcium exists in the connective tissue.


study would suggest that the improvement in exercise capacity combined with diabetes dietetic input improved glucose levels. This present study has several limitations. First, the patients who were still waiting the surgery or decided not to go ahead for surgery were not included. Second, there was no control group to compare postoperative outcome such as complication rate and length of hospital stay. In conclusion, this study has shown that it is possible to optimise glycaemic control while waiting for cardiac surgery and that there was a legacy effect post- surgery. We believe that healthcare needs more effective engagement with patients and should provide a more tailored approach to support self- management.


This issue includes three reports of the cloning and characterization of kakapo , a Drosophila gene whose product may keep transmembrane signaling proteins in their place, link the actin cortex to structural microtubules, or both. The three groups discovered Kakapo after looking at an existing paralyzed mutant (Prokop et al., page 1283), screening for mutants with blistered wings (Gregory and Brown, page 1271), or doing an antibody screen against presumptive tendon cells (Strumpf and Volk, page 1259). The phenotypes that the three groups uncover are equally diverse. The Brown and Volk groups observe that Kakapo localizes to the apical and basal surfaces of specific epidermal cells. These cells differentiate into tendon cells and link the fly embryo's muscles to the external cuticle. The protein is also found along the microtubules that run between these two sites, spanning the cell and presumably providing structural support. In the mutant, Gregory and Brown find that the muscles detach from the epidermis; based on electron microscopy, Prokop et al. state that the muscles have ripped the epidermal cells in half, taking the basal membranes with them. There is less electron-dense material around the basal adherence sites, and microtubules are no longer connected to the sites. This suggests that Kakapo may form part of the link from the actin to the microtubule cytoskeleton in these cells. The plakin group of proteins form a similar link between actin and intermediate filaments; the amino terminus of Kakapo resembles the plakins and includes a putative actin-binding site, but the carboxyl terminus diverges where the plakins have a site for binding intermediate filaments (which have not been identified in Drosophila ). Kakapo is needed in other situations that require structural integrity: epidermal cells in the mutant sometimes break apart from each other during movements that remodel the embryo, and the wing blistering appears to be a failure in adhesion between the dorsal and ventral epidermis when the wing is filled, under pressure, with a fly's equivalent of blood. The kakapo mutants studied by Prokop et al. are paralyzed not only because of problems in muscle–tendon attachment—they also have fewer synapses and smaller nerve terminals at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Although smaller, these NMJs do conduct current. Kakapo is present at the NMJ, although mosaic analysis will be needed to confirm that Kakapo is acting in neurons and not muscle cells. Large-scale growth of neurons appears to be normal in kakapo mutants, but Prokop et al. observe a second defect in local neuronal growth in certain dendrites of the central nervous system. In these neurons, the transmembrane cell adhesion protein Fas II spreads from its normal peripheral location towards a central site. Deletion of the gene for Fas II does not, however, relieve the kakapo defect in neuron branching. The neuronal phenotype may be explained by a failure in actin–microtubule attachment, and indeed a microtubule structure in kakapo sensory neurons is detached from the plasma membrane. But there is another possible explanation: Kakapo may keep transmembrane proteins other than Fas II in their rightful place. Kakopo may have a similar function in the epidermis. The differentiation of tendon precursor cells into tendon cells requires Vein, a protein that is secreted by the muscle cell. Strumpf and Volk find that Vein is diffusely distributed in kakapo mutants. This diffusion probably explains the increased number of tendon precursor cells. None of these cells, however, complete the differentiation process, perhaps because Vein is a weak ligand of the fly epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R). Vein may not be able to deliver a strong enough signal without some concentration function provided by Kakapo. The distribution of the EGF-R in kakapo mutants is not known, but it would not be surprising if the mutation led to a receptor localization that was more diffuse.


At present, in the conditions of the active development of the information society, when information is the main means of production, special attention is paid to the methods and means of organizing its protection and storage. A large number of developments, both software and physical, are devoted to this issue. Cybersecurity is becoming more and more necessary every day and, as a result, popular, as a result of which a large number of specialists with a basic education in the field of information security graduate every year. In addition, an extensive regulatory framework has been developed that regulates the procedure and principles for protecting and storing data. Thus, we can talk about the existence of an entire industry aimed at maintaining and improving information security. Besides, it is proved herein that there is a need to develop a method for quantitative assessment of the security of stored data.


SUMMARY SETTING: Vitamin D deficiency is common in African adults with tuberculosis (TB), and may be exacerbated by the metabolic effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs and antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is unclear whether vitamin D deficiency influences response to anti-tuberculosis treatment. OBJECTIVES: To describe risk factors for baseline vitamin D deficiency in Malawian adults with pulmonary TB, assess the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration and treatment response, and evaluate whether the administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs and ART is deleterious to vitamin D status during treatment. DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. RESULTS: The median baseline 25(OH)D concentration of the 169 patients (58% human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infected) recruited was 57 nmol/l; 47 (28%) had vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/l). Baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were lower during the cold season (P < 0.001), with food insecurity (P = 0.034) or in patients who consumed alcohol (P = 0.019). No relationship between vitamin D status and anti-tuberculosis treatment response was found. 25(OH)D concentrations increased during anti-tuberculosis treatment, irrespective of HIV status or use of ART. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency is common among TB patients in Malawi, but this does not influence treatment response. Adverse metabolic effects of drug treatment may be compensated by the positive impact of clinical recovery preventing exacerbation of vitamin D deficiency during anti-tuberculosis treatment.


In order to achieve miniaturization of the filter,according to the design theory of crosscoupled filter and affect of physical parameters-length W,spacing S and tap position L———on the performance of the filter,ADS software is used to design,simulate and optimize cross-coupled bandpass filter with bandwidth of 100MHz.The results show:The shorter length of resonator is the larger center frequency;The attenuation of band and out-of-band increases with increase of filter coupling space;Reflection coefficient increases with the reduction of tap position of filter;Volume of cross-coupling filter,relative to the parallel-coupling filter and the hairpin-type,is reduced by 37.3% and 18.63% respectively,which achieves miniaturization of the filter.


Microbial community analysis of a deep-sea volcanic and hydrothermal system at Vailulu'u Seamount yielded 89 new organisms and three detailed 16S-rRNA gene clone libraries (one rock and two microbial mats). Proteobacterial communities dominate in most environments, but important differences are found between microbial mats from distinctly different geochemical environments and for the rock surface. Many cultured organisms are metabolically and functionally diverse, displaying at least two of the tested functions: heterotrophy, Fe(II) and Mn(II) oxidation, and siderophore-production. Metabolic versatility of microorganisms is suggested as an important trait allowing diverse populations of bacteria to adapt to these environments.


Tungsten carbide particles reinforced nickel-base alloys(NiCrBSi/WC) were prepared by oxygen-acetylene flame spray-welding technology.The friction and wear properties of NiCrBSi/WC coatings in corrosive mediums were studied and the effects of load and sliding speed on tribological properties were also researched.The research results show that NiCrBSi/WC composites have excellent anti-corrosive wear properties,and the wear rate is minimum when WC percent is 20%, but it increases as WC content is higher than 20% because of the effect of corrosive-galvanic battery in the composite coatings.The wear rates of the coatings increase with loads and decrease with sliding speeds.The ploughing wear becomes intense with the increase of load,which leads to the high friction coefficient and wear rate.The wear rate decreases when sliding speed increases because the increase of sliding speed may result in the increase of temperature and the formation of friction film on the worn surface,which protects the matrix from further wear,then the wear rate decreases.


Constructing digitial elevation model(DEM) from dense LiDAR points becomes increasingly important. Natural Neighbor Interpolation (NNI) is a popular approach to DEM construction from point datasets but is computationally intensive. In this study, we present a set of General Purpose computing Graphics Processing Unit(GPGPU) based algorithms that can significant speed up the process. Evaluating three real world LiDAR datasets each contains 6~7 million points shows that our CUDA based implementation on a NVIDIA GTX 480 GPU card is several times to nearly 2 orders faster than the current state-of-the-art NNI based DEM construction using graphics hardware acceleration.