In this paper, a MSS-NOVO method that combines the HMM composition method with a noise reduction method is proposed for speech recognition in noisy environments. This combined method starts with noise reduction with modified spectral subtraction (MSS) to enhance the input noisy speech, then the noise and voice composition (NOVO) method is applied for making noise adapted models by using the noise in the non-utterance regions of the enhanced noisy speech. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we compare MSS-NOVO method with other methods, i.e., SS-NOVO, MWF-NOVO. To set up the noisy speech for test, we add White noise to KLE 452 database with different SNRs range from 0dB to 15dB, at 5dB intervals. From the tests, MSS-NOVO method shows average improvement of 66.5% and 13.6% compared with the existing SS-NOVO method and MWF-NOVO method, respectively. Especially our proposed MSS-NOVO method shows a big improvement at low SNRs.


This paper presents a tableau based proof technique that is suitable for proving theorems in the two paraconsistent logics; LP and Belnap's 4-valued logic. While coupled tree proof systems exist for both logics the tableau proof system described has several advantages over them. First, it is easier to use and second, it lends itself to first-order and modal extensions of the above logics. Truth signs are used, in a novel way, to represent categories of truth values instead of, as is usual, single truth values.


The alert information represented at emerging situations is critical to flight safety. In order to model and evaluate the alerts under complex system interactions background, a model based system engineering approach is proposed to design the alert logic model in correlation with functional logic interactions through the parametric diagram. Thereafter OpenModelica is utilized to simulate the alert logic and differentiate between the root and the derived alerts under the support of system models. With three scenarios of engine fire situation conducted, the feasibility of the method was verified.


Operating cycle is an important matter in a company. because by that operating cycle, it can be found out whether the company has been running well in day-to-day business. In addition, we can also find out whether the company is able to meet its financial obligations in due time.

The goal of this research is to find out how high the influence of operating cycle against liquidity and working capital of the company. This study is conducted by using cases at PT. Semen Gresik Tbk and PT. Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Those companies are cement producers and distributors.

The results of this research shows that in PT. Semen Gresik Tbk operating cycles as independent variable (X) has a very strong influence against liquidity as dependent variable (Y1) with level of significance 0.099 or 9.9%. While in PT. Holcim Indonesia Tbk the influence of variable-X against variable-Y statitically is not significant = 0.511 or 51.1%. It also shows that in PT. Semen Gresik Tbk between variable-X that is operating cycles and variable-Y that is net working capital (Y2) statistically has not significant influence = 0.364 or 36.4%. While in PT. Holcim Indonesia Tbk between variable-X and variabel-Y that is indicated by operating cycle (X) and net working capital (Y2) respectively shows not significant influence =0.842 or 84.2%. This condition is caused by the fact that.

PT. Semen Gresik Tbk can manage well its financial performance. While PT. Holcim Indonesia Tbk has a lack of good management in managing trade account receivables and inventory.

Keywords : cycle operations, liquidity, net working capital


Rabies remains a constant threat to humanity in many parts of the world. At the same time, scientifically grounded antiepizootic measures should be based on the peculiarities of the regional epizootology of this zooanthroponosis. The authors studied the epizootological and statistical reporting data of the Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory, presented an analysis of the registration of rabies in animals in Krasnodar region. From the obtained data, it should be noted that despite the wide range of animals involved in the epizootic process of rabies infection in Krasnodar region, dogs, cats and foxes play a major role in the reservation and spread of infection, which account for 78.6. Of the total number of registered cases, 15.5% falls on foxes, that indicates the natural focus of the disease, along with the manifestation of the disease in an urban form. At the same time, stray and neglected dogs and cats, which occupy a significant place among the total number of sick animals, are also sources and spread of the infection. Thus farm animals (8.3% of the total number of infected animals) are a biological dead end for the infection. Isolated cases of the disease were noted in muskrat, donkey, raccoon, raccoon dog, marten, ferret and jackal. The authors also established the specific morbidity of various animal species with rabies infection, that is an important aspect in the development and implementation of antiepizootic measures complex


Alcoholism is a primary, progressive, fatal, and treatable disorder. It often goes undetected because of a lack of understanding of how to tell an alcoholic from someone who drinks heavily. This article presents a systematic approach using the most reliable and valid instruments available. The approach will allow a clinician to quickly and accurately diagnose or rule out the presence of alcoholism in a client. Accurate diagnosis will allow proper treatment of this disorder, which affects about 6.7% of all people.


Title The effect of water disinfection on the adaptive evolution of waterborne viruses [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) Rachmadi, Andri Taruna Citation 北海道大学. 博士(工学) 甲第13353号 Issue Date 2018-09-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/71990 Rights(URL) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Rachmadi_Andri_Taruna_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨)


This paper conducts the cooking sound analysis for understanding cooking activities toward cooking support systems. Although there have been attempts to use images, accelerations or temperature sensors to understand cooking behavior, only limited studies have been conducted using acoustic signals. In this study, a data set was newly constructed by recording sounds generated from actual cooking processes and cooking state estimation was carried out based on the constructed data set. Two types of features, which are derived from mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) analysis and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), are examined, and the performance of classification based on Gaussian mixture models (GMM) incorporating these features is investigated.


A study was undertaken to evaluate the retention (RF and RM) and separation (ΔRF, R F, α and RS) of buprofezin (B), flubendiamide (F) and imidacloprid (I) using n-hexane-acetone (6.5 : 3.5 v/v) in the case of NPHPTLC and methanol-water (8 : 2 v/v) for RP-HPTLC as mobile phase. The study revealed that increasing the acetone content in NP-HPTLC and decreasing the water content in RP-HPTLC resulted in high resolution with increase in RF values for B, F and I. ΔRF > 0.04 and RS > 1.5 were achieved for all pairs of compounds (ΔRF(B–F) = 0.35, ΔRF(F–I) = 0.19, ΔRF(B–I) = 0.54, RS(B–F) = 4.12, RS(F–I) = 7.34, RS(B–I) = 2.02 using NP-HPTLC; ΔRF(F–B) = 0.23, ΔRF(I–F) = 0.26, ΔRF(I–B) = 0.49, RS(F–B) = 2.63, RS(I–F) = 2.97, RS(I–B) = 5.92 using RP-HPTLC). Imidacloprid was adsorbed strongly on NP-HPTLC layer and buprofezin on RP-HPTLC layer, as indicated by their high RM values. The maximum absorption of UV for B, F and I was found to be 252, 242 and 276 nm respectively. Stability analysis indicated that these compounds were stable up to 6 h in methanol and on the plates (NP-HPTLC and RPHPTLC layers). This protocol is useful for toxicologists to detect a mixture of these insecticides in forensic as well as environmental samples.


Whilst many critics have perceived Charlotte Bronte's Villette as being grounded in the discourse of Protestant-Catholic conflict, this essay argues that there is another coherent theological subtext to the novel, which is bound inextricably with its secular narrative. The biblical language of heaven and hell, life after death, and the last judgement, is used in connection with Lucy Snowe's struggle to understand her own experience of alienation and loss, and serves to bring an important theological dimension to the novel as a whole. Thus the story of Lucy Snowe is shown to be as much an internal, spiritual journey as it is a journey over time and geographical distance; a search for a divine truth, or for the unveiled face of the hidden God. Abstract by Jane Hodgson, Freelance Researcher


389 Histochernistry, Theoretical and Applied. 2nd Ed. A. G. E. PEARSE. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1960. 998 pp. $20.00. Dr. Pearse's second edition is indeed a monumental work. The revision in most areas from the first edition has been thorough and covers recent advances quite comprehensively. The inevitable lag in the text book publication appears to have been kept to a minimum in most areas. The newer work on protein bound tryptophan and tyrosine seems quite adequately presented, though naturally, our 1959 papers on the latter could not be included. The section on lipids seems quite good and fairly well up-to-date, though Cain's work from the forties seems still to be the last word on the mechanism of the Nile blue fatty acid reaction. While our and the Oxford group's use of acetylated Sudans for the more specific staining of fats is quite well covered, the stable sudanophilia of leucocytes which occasioned the introduction of these reagents escapes discussion. In appendix 18, among the oxidase methods one finds a more or less typical a-naphthol-pyronin peroxidase technic entitled "a-Napthol Reaction for Stable Sudanophilia (after Ritter and Oleson)", the explanation appears on p. 520, that Dr. Pearse considers that the a-napththol reaction and stable sudanophihia are demonstrating the same product, and that the reaction is nonenzymatic. In the field of pigments there appears to have been little important change in the consideration of the heme pigments and the lipofuscins. But the discussion of the melanins is quite up-to-date and Pearse adds some good comments of his own. Similarly, the discussion of the chromaffin substances noradrenaline, adrenaline, and enterochromaffin is comprehensive and strikes a good balance in the discussion of the still controverted nature of the last named substance. Histoenzymology has undergone a considerable expansion. The sections on hydrolytic enzymes include the recent work distinguishing the amylose producing phosphorylase and the transglucosidase action in polysaccharide synthesizing enzymes. A moderate amount of space is devoted to the controversy on nuclear alkaline phosphatase. In the more controversial areas of histoenzymology, Dr. Pearse has presented the varying viewpoints, including his own, with commendable impartiality. This has not restrained him, however, from ad-


The advent of new two-dimensional materials, and the ability to create van der Waals heterostructures has further intensified research interest in graphene. At theheart of these heterostructures is the proximity effect, where one material synergistically inherits the properties of the material adjacent to it. The capabilities of graphene can thus be greatly enhanced by tailoring in new properties whilst preserving its excellent implicit properties. Of considerable interest is the creation of a long range magnetic order in graphene by means of a magnetic proximity effect from anadjacent two-dimensional magnet. Such a system has industrial applications in the field of low power logic and memory devices. It is also of curiosity to scientists asit harbours novel topological states, and could help understand the manifestation of phenomena such as magnetism in two dimensions. Here we fabricate devices made out of heterostructures of graphene and two-dimensional magnets. We characterize the electronic and magnetic properties of such devices using electronic transport, capacitance and optics. The majority of efforts have been directed towards creating clean interfaces, and preserving the magnetic materials, which are extremely chemically sensitive to ambient conditions. We demonstrate the presence of interfacial physics in these devices that lead to the enhancement in the magnetic order of the two-dimensional magnet.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is specific to the type of block, create separate cryptographically document type definitions electronic document block associated with the logical field that is signed is divided in its original or make up language in accordance with SGML criteria (Figure 35). Each of the many different types of electronic documents, heritage environment of the banking network, the electronic hospital of computer environment for record keeping, financial institutions for processing the loan application computer environment or a court or arbitrator of the computer system, It may have a record mapping method for a specific environment, such as. Various types of electronic document (for example, electronic check, apply for mortgage, medical records, prescription, including contracts, etc.) as the definition of the kind of semantic document related to, including the logical content of the document and such content between the defined blocks can be formed by using a mapping technique. Also, various types of documents, preferably, a custom present, is defined to meet the protocol and legal regulations.


P ULSED jets have a variety of applications ranging form pulsing blood flow in the human heart (Gharib et al. [1]) to pulseddetonation engines (PDEs). The first application of a pulsed-jet engine was during the World War II for propelling a flying/buzz bomb (Manganiello et al. [2]). Pulsed-jet engines are known to yield higher levels of thrust, light in weight and simple in design, and therefore have found interest in variety of applications such as radio controlled small aircraft to the vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. The pulsation is known to play an important role on the engine thrust performance. Theoretical analysis by Seikman [3] on a twodimensional planar and Weihs [4] on an axisymmetric nozzle show that for the same nozzle exit mass flow, the average thrust of a pulsed jet is much higher than the equivalent steady jet. The present experiment is conducted in the context of a study on pulsed-jet ejectors that are shown to produce thrust augmentation ratio (total thrust/primary pulsed-jet thrust) of about 2 (Choutapalli et al. [5]). In a pulsed jet, the fluid ejected from the nozzle rolls up into a vortex ring, which in turn moves downstream (Fig. 1). When a jet is pulsed continuously, a sequence of large-scale structures or vortex rings is produced at regular intervals with jetlike flows in between. In the context of jet mixing and far-field noise studies, many investigations have been carried out on acoustically exited jets with a focus on dynamics of the resultant coherent structures. A notable study by Crow and Champagne [6] generated small pulsation by forcing an axisymmetric steady jet using a loud speaker to produce coherent large eddies. The exit velocity of the jet was relatively constant and the pulsation was simply a perturbation to the flow. Hence, it may be considered as the perturbed jet. Here, the pulsed jet is referred to as one inwhich variation with time of the exit velocity is large and of the same order of magnitude as the mean exit velocity. Even though, the pulsed jet shows vortex rings similar to those of perturbed jets, they are much stronger resulting in a jet that has very different characteristics than those of a corresponding steady jet [7]. Most of the previous investigations on pulsed jets have been focused on the trust augmentation and associated turbulent vortex structures including the recent detailed investigation by Choutapalli et al. [5] and the references there in. Choutapalli et al. [5] provided a detailed understanding of the flow physics responsible for the increased thrust. Detailed flowfield analysis using particle image velocimetry (PIV) showed the evolution of vortices and their role in enhanced mass entrainment and mixing. The connection between the large-scale structures and the far-field noise of a jet has been a subject ofmany studies and a summary can be found in Arakeri et al. [8]. Near-field microphone measurements, for example by Mollo-Christensen [9], have shown that pressure fluctuations arrive in rather well-defined wave packets, suggesting them to be associated with the well organized structures existing within the jet. It is also known that the presence of coherent vortical structures in supersonic jets operating at off design conditions (e.g. screeching jets) show a significant increase in the near-field sound pressure levels. Alkislar et al. [10] have shown that the near-field screech amplitude is related to the coherent vorticity strength. With these observations inmind, it is suggested that vortex rings in a pulsed jetwill generate significant near-fieldpressurefluctuationswhichwill result in increasedoverall soundpressure level (OASPL).Hooker and Rumble [11] have experimentally studied the noise of the rotating valve simulator to simulate the exhaust cycle of a pneumatic rock drill and reported the dependence of air supply pressure on the measured sound pressure levels. He and Karagozian [12] performed numerical simulations (quasi-1-D computations) on a number of nozzle shapes to study the effect of geometry on the performance and noise characteristics of a PDE. Most of their noise estimates were made inside the nozzle and in the jet centerline. In general, their estimates indicate that noise levels produced by convergent or divergent nozzles are slightly less than straight tubes. Shaw et al. [13] carried out acoustic measurements on a PDE being developed at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Propulsion Directorate. The tests were conducted with one of the four tubes of 1 in. diameter and the engine wasfired at apulsing frequencyof20Hz.Themeasurements included a microphone array located at 13 diameters from the nozzle exit and the OASPLmeasured were in the range of 147 to 159 dB, depending upon the location of the microphone. However, little information exists in the literature on the near-field acoustic characteristics of a pulsed jet, with the thoroughness required to provide some guidance in estimating the increased OASPL over a corresponding steady jet. Hence, this study attempts to investigate the role of pulsation frequency and jet exit velocity on the near-field noise. The measurements weremade over a range of subsonic jetMach numbers and pulsing frequencies. Many of the parameters chosen here are consistent with those of Choutapalli [7].


. Larval development of the crab Liocarcinus puber was studied from hatching to the megalopa stage under 12 different temperature and salinity combinations, 10°C, 15°C, and 20°C (T): 20, 25, 30, and 35% (S), with a view to establishing optimum conditions for zoeal development. High larval mortalities were recorded at 10°C in all the experimental salinities, indicating the sensitivity of the larvae to low temperatures. Highest zoeal survival was obtained in the higher salinity and temperature combinations. First zoeae completed their development in all T-S combinations tested, while successive stages showed increased sensitivity and suffered high mortalities in lower salinities at 15° and 20°C and in all salinities at 10°C. The duration of zoeal development decreased with increasing temperature, whilst the lower salinities delayed development. Q10 values did not differ much at higher salinities, with values ranging from 1.5 to 2.6.


Although epistemology, the study of knowledge, has a long and honorable tradition in philosophy, starting with the Greeks, the idea of a formal logical analysis of reasoning about knowledge is somewhat more recent, going back to the early 1950's. The 1960's saw a flourishing of interest in this area in the philosophy community. Axioms for knowledge were suggested, attacked, and defended. Models for the various axiomatizations were proposed, mainly in terms of possible-worlds semantics, and then again attacked and defended.

More recently, reasoning about knowledge has found applications in such diverse fields as economics, linguistics, artificial intelligence, and computer science. While researchers in these areas have tended to look to philosophy for their initial inspiration, it has also been the case that their more pragmatic concerns, which often centered around more computational issues such as the difficulty of computing knowledge, have not been treated in the philosophical literature. The commonality of concerns of researchers in all these areas has been quite remarkable. Unfortunately, lack of communication between researchers in the various fields, while perhaps not as remarkable, has also been rather noticeable.

In 1984 a series of seminars on theoretical aspects of reasoning about knowledge was held at what was then the IBM San Jose Research Laboratory. Originally intended to be a small research seminar, the meetings had an average of forty attendees, and the mailing list contained over 250 names. The attendees included computer scientists, mathematicians, philosophers, and linguists. Given the evident interest in the area by such diverse groups, a conference seemed appropriate, particularly one that would increase the awareness of workers in one field of the work done in other fields.

The First Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge was held at the Asilomar Conference Center in Pacific Grove on March 19-22, 1986. What made the conference successful was not just its formal program. The restricted attendance and the pleasant environment stimulated continuous interaction between the attendees. Conversation continued non-stop over meals, along the beach, and late into the night, with considerable interaction between the various communities of researchers. The unscheduled time allowed everyone to discover many different ways in which their research overlapped with that of others. The general feeling at the end of the meeting was that the interdisciplinary format of the conference had shown itself to be very successful.

In the two years since the conference, the area has witnessed many exciting developments in the theory of knowledge. In computer science, the paradigm of knowledge has been successfillly applied to the analysis of problems in distributed systems, databases, and cryptography. In AI, knowledge was shown to be a unifying concept for the theory of commonsense reasoning, learning, and speech act theory. In economics, a deeper understanding has been gained into the role of common knowledge in economic interactions. In philosophy, there has been foundational progress in the semantics of propositional attitudes and circular propositions.

In view of the success of the 1986 conference and the flurry of recent developments, it was decided to hold another meeting at the Asilomar Conference Center on March 7-9, 1988. One hundred and eight papers were submitted in response to a call for papers. The program committee members - Jon Barwise (Stanford University), Peter van Emde Boas (University of Amsterdam), IIans Kamp (University of Texas), Kurt Konolige (SRI International), Yoram Moses (The Weizmann Institute of Science), Stan Rosenschein (SRI International), Tommy Tan (University of Chicago), and myselfconsidered all the papers carefully; at least three and usually four committee members read each paper. In the end twenty two papers were selected based on their contribution, novelty, interest to an interdisciplinary audience, and relevance to the scope of the conference. Thus, many good papers had to be turned down.

In addition to the contributed papers, the program committee decided to hold a panel session, a tutorial session, and two invited talks intended to provide an overview of neighboring areas. This volume consists of all the contributed and invited papers, tutorial papers, and panel position papers. None of the final submissions was formally refereed, and most of them represent preliminary report on continuing research. It is expected that most of these papers will appear, in a more polished and complete form, in scientific journals. Nevertheless, I believe that this collection of papers represents the state of the art of the field of reasoning about knowledge.

The conference was sponsored by IBM Research, Almaden Research Center, and was made possible by support from the American Association for Artificial Intelligence and the National Science Foundation (under grant IRI-8715814).


The transition from a locally planned economy to a global knowledge economy in Russia features several conflicts between the old and the new. At the center of Russian restructuring stands the young ...


The Book of Songs, China's first ancient poem collection, includes a lot of love songs popular in the principality of Zheng. The paper analyzes Zheng's geographical features and local customs underlying the songs.


Background: Pure red cell aplasia is the rare but severe side effect in patient with end stage renal disease who using rHu-erythropoietin. The study of PRCA will help us to evaluate safety of using rHuerythropoietin. Objective: To determine the safety from side effect of pure red cell aplasia in end stage renal disease hemodialysis patients who received rHu-erythropoietin alfa (EPIAO). Material and Method: A retrospective descriptive study record from hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease in Somdejphraputtalerdla hospital who received rHu-erythropoietin alfa (EPIAO) for treatment anemia. Period of this study was 2 years which followed up pure red cell aplasia in hemodialysis patients. If patients had unexplained loss of efficacy (LOE) or had non response hematocrit, the doctor would sent 10 ml of clotted blood to test anti-rHuEpo antibody by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) at laboratory hemodialysis unit of Chulalongkorn hospital. Result: Twenty two volunteers 10 males (45.5%) and 12 females (54.5%) completed this study had average age 66.32 ± 11.25 (S.D.) years and had history about chronic kidney disease for 3.95 years under lying and other diseases i.e. diabetic 6.14 years, hypertension 6.68 years. Mean hematocrit at 0, 6, 12, 18and 24 month was 32.77%, 32.73%, 31.68% 33.36% and 32.14% respectively. Serum ferritin at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 month was about 669.84 ng/mL, 661.05 ng/mL, 692.73 ng/mL, 727.51 ng/mL and 697.14 ng/mL respectively. Four volunteers had blood clotted sent to test anti-rHuEpo antibody but not found anti-EPO antibody was in all volunteers. Conclusion: All hemodialysis patients who had anemia associated chronic renal failure which received rHu-erythropoietin alfa (EPIAO) 24 months continuously to improve their anemia had satisfied hematocrit level and had not report of pure red cell aplasia from received rHu- erythropoietin alfa (EPIAO). Keywords: pure red cell aplasia, rHu-erythropoietin, hematocrit


Average current control was applied into three-phase DC link parallel active power filter for digital control.In order to design the current loop bandwidth,the relationship between compensation performance of three-phase DC link active power filter(APF) and the current loop bandwidth was investigated in this paper.The analysis results show that good compensation performance can be obtained when current loop bandwidth is higher than 1 kHz with 50 Hz line frequency.Based on the voltage and current loop model developed in this paper,the designed prototype with digital control shows reasonable compensation performance,and the test results indicate that the averaged current controlled three-phase DC link APF has comparable performance under 1 kHz and 2 kHz current loop bandwidth.These results prove the effectiveness of the average current control for three-phase DC link APF and correctness of the compensation performance relationship developed in this paper.


Lab scale experiment was carried out to study biological wastewater treatment technology developed for shipboard. RCM process using BM(Beneficial Microorganisms) was investigated for practical application on shipboard sewage treatment. RCM process is an environmental friendly treatment system, with minimum production of sludge. In the test, BOD5, CODcr, T-N and T-P were reduced a 96%, 97%, 78% and 81.68% respectively. From the result it was suggested that RCM process with BM might be a suitable process for shipboard sewage treatment, maintenance of useful microorganisms and creating special environment as the SDC tank is circulating in the non-biodegradable organics sludge generated during the wastewater treatment, thus reducing the amount of sludge generated. Therefore, the RCM process does not require additional equipment to strengthen it to meet the marine pollution standards.


The influence of different additive system and different co-operation of the dual system on the paper strength were studied with Zeta potential apparatus.The results showed that paper strength is improved by using dispersant PEO and wet strength agent PAE;the co-operation of the dual additives system of PAE/CMC,PAE/AS,PAE/APAM surpasses that of the PAE system.The optimal technological condition is as follows:dosage of PEO 0.07%,PAE 1.7%,and CMC 0.5%.


With the development of new sub micron very large scale integration (VLSI) technologies the importance of interconnect parasitics on delay and noise has been in an ever increasing trend [1]. Consequently, the variations in interconnect parameters have a larger impact on final timing and functional yield of the product. Therefore, it is necessary to handle process variations as accurately as possible in layout parasitic extraction (LPE), static timing (ST) and signal integrity (SI) in deep sub-micron designs. In this paper we analyze the sources of process variation that induce interconnect parasitic variations. We present the relatively important ones through the usage of a response surface model (RSM). It was found that, in addition to metal thickness and width variation, damaged dielectric regions on the side of the metal lines are important contributions to cross-talk. We demonstrate the importance of accounting for the correlation between parameters for a given interconnect line such as interconnect line resistance and thickness. Finally we present a Monte Carlo (MC) methodology based on the RSM which can significantly reduce separation of corners and lead to tighter product specs and hence smaller die area and lower power.


(99.5%) were resident in Africa. Their occupation ranged from trading 287 (27.3%) to artisan 13 (1.2%); with 495 (47.1%) having tertiary, 277 (26.4%) having secondary, 173 (16.5%) having primary and 106 (10.1%) having no formal education. Awareness of male circumcision (99.5%), cultural acceptance (95.3%), personal acceptance (95.8%), participation (83.9%), and preference for circumcised male (98.7%) were very high, with the majority (96.4%) against a ban on the practice, even though 7.7% were unaware of the reason for male circumcision. Awareness of circumcision related complications was high (64.9 %). These responses were not influenced by age, sex, educational status, occupation, culture, and place of residence (P = 0.4261) . Conclusion: Support for male circumcision was overwhelming. Providing and educating people on modern circumcision methods and encouraging hospital circumcision may be adopted to eliminate associated complications.


Seawater intrusion is a continuing concern in south Florida and in many other coastal areas. Although there is extensive research on this topic, more tools are required to fully understand and predict the location and behavior of the freshwater/seawater boundary. The lattice Boltzmann method is a radically different numerical tool because it is not based on discretization of a series of differential equations. It has been used to simulate fluid flow in various disciplines. Recent advances in lattice Boltzmann modeling permit simulation of large-scale densitydependent ground water flow and heat/solute transport. These simulations can be accomplished while retaining the advantages of 'regular' lattice Boltzmann methods, such as solute/heat transport at high Reynolds numbers (characteristic of flow inside a conduit). We show how this method can be applied to density-dependent flows, including a Henry-like problem. INTRODUCTION Seawater intrusion is a classic density-dependent problem in hydrogeology. It must be fully understood in order to be able to predict and prevent groundwater deterioration in coastal areas. Various software programs have been developed and are being used to model coupled fluid flow and solute transport for density-dependent applications: SUTRA, SEAWAT, and HST3D are popular examples. All of the current programs are either finite difference or finite element methods. Density-dependent flow problems are exceptionally challenging for conventional numerical methods due to inherent non-linearity; definitive solutions are often elusive and a completely different modeling approach may be advantageous. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) represents such a numerical tool because it is not based on discretization of a series of differential equations. Instead, its foundation lies in the kinetic theory of gasses as proposed by Boltzmann. A key advantage of lattice Boltzmann method is that it has the ability to solve the Navier-Stokes equations in larger conduits and pores. Hence it allows for eddy diffusion brought on by inertial components of flow at higher Reynolds numbers, which may occur in some coastal aquifers. Simulation of these phenomena is not possible with traditional Darcy's law-based groundwater models. Some geologists and engineers have been able to successfully apply LBM to fluid flow and contaminant transport problems (Ginzburg and d'Humieres, 2003; Anwar et al., 2008). There are only a handful of scientists attempting to apply LBM to density-dependent flows in general (e.g., Shan, 1997; Dixit and Babu, 2006); even fewer have considered seawater intrusion (Servan Camas, 2007). LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD BASICS Most numerical modeling tools are based on discretization of differential equations. LBMs are based on discretization of the movement and interaction of hypothetical particles using a particle distribution function, f (Sukop and Thorne, 2006). The moments of the particle distribution function provide the macroscopic fluid properties, e.g., density and velocity. In LBMs, time, space, and velocity directions are all discretized. On each point in space, called a lattice node, a discrete set of a f corresponding to a choice of velocity directions ea are stored. Directions in two dimensions are (0,0), (±1,0), (0, ±1), (±1, ±1), and the lattice based on these nine directions is referred to as the D2Q9 grid (Figure 1). June 23-27, 2008 Naples, Florida, USA 15 Figure 1. D2Q9 grid (Sukop and Thorne, 2006), e1-8 are unit velocity vectors At each time step, the a f are updated according to a collision step ( ) ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( 1 * t f t f t f t f a eq a a a x x x x − − = τ and a streaming step ) , ( ) 1 , ( * t f t f a a a x e x = + + (Sukop and Thorne, 2006). The assumptions of unit time step Δt =1 time step (ts) and unit node spacing Δx = Δy =1 lattice unit (lu) have been incorporated. The key to the collision step is the equilibrium distribution function f eq , which is defined per direction as ( ) ( ) eq eq eq a eq a a eq a w f u u u e u e ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ + = 2 2 2 9 3 1 ρ where 9 0 = w , 9 1 4 3 2 1 = = = = w w w w , 36 1 8 7 6 5 = = = = w w w w , ∑ =


The idea of having a smart environment to automate day to day tasks appeals to us all. To enable this, we need objects with embedded electronics to communicate with each other in a network known as the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT communication infrastructure is built on top of existing Radio Frequency (RF) technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), WiFi, and cellular protocols. The RF technology is bandlimited and power hungry, making it unfeasible to support the growing demand of IoT networks. The number of IoT devices in the year 2020 is expected to be around 20 billion, making it essential to explore other areas of sustainable communication technology. Visible light communication (VLC) in the optical domain is being explored to meet the surge in connected devices and to enable sustainability in the energy consumed. The idea behind a VLC system is to toggle a Light Emitting Diode (LED) at high speed to transmit information which ensures that users are not subjected to visual interruptions. Even sunlight the biggest source of illumination can be used to transmit information. However, it is not possible to toggle the sun like LEDs. Hence, the objective of this thesis is to use sunlight to setup a green communication channel. In the 1800s, sunlight was used to communicate over long distances by using mirrors to reflect light to send signals. Taking inspiration from this method, I propose using smart materials to toggle sunlight and use it for wireless communication. My aim in this thesis is to analyze the behavior of smart materials, develop a modulation scheme suitable to send information using sunlight, and evaluate the system's performance.


Most of the current speckle reduction system uses various filters .There are various filters for reducing the speckle noise reduction. But due to some drawbacks these traditional filters cannot remove speckle noise efficiently. So a hybrid technique speckle noise reduction using anisotropic filter based on wavelets is used. In this paper the necessary idea of an uncorrupted image from the noisy image is identified as "denoising". Choosing the most excellent way plays a very important role for getting the desired image. So in this thesis report a study is made on "Speckle Noise reduction using anisotropic filter based on wavelets". There are various existing techniques to remove the speckle noise reduction but due to some drawbacks these techniques cannot remove speckle noise efficiently.


In this article, we obtain several interesting remarks on the qualitative questions such as stability criteria, Morse index, Picone's identity for biharmonic equations.


Much research in education has been done on the study of different language teaching methods. However, there has been little investigation using computational analysis to compare such methods in terms of readability or complexity progression. In this paper, we make use of existing readability scoring techniques and our own classifiers to analyze the textbooks used in two very different teaching methods for English as a Second Language – the grammar-based and the communicative methods. Our analysis indicates that the grammar-based curriculum shows a more coherent readability progression compared to the communicative curriculum. This finding corroborates with the expectations about the differences between these two methods and validates our approach's value in comparing different teaching methods quantitatively.


In strong shock waves in rarefied gases chemical processes occur in conditions of ther-modynamic nonequilibrium. The big interest is the creation of level models of processes for obtain a rate coefficient. The paper presents a new level model for dissociation, ob-tained within the adiabatic approximation. Model was verified on the basis of available data of quasiclassical trajectory calculations, which analyzed the dissociation of N 2 molecules in a wide temperature range. Comparison of the model with the Marrone − Treanor model and with existing modifications of the Marrone − Treanor models were discussed.


Under the background of pushing new social countryside construction,human resources are playing an important role gradually.It has great future of rural sports human resources in our country.Rural sports are held back because of little quantity and low quality of rural sports human resources.This paper analyzes briefly the present condition of rural human resources.Based on that,the authors puts forward to develop cultivating rural human resources,building management system and strenthening contrloing of rural human resources.so the thesis looks forward to tactics of rural sports in the prospect of constructing new social countryside.


Adrenaline methyl ether (i.e. ~-(3,4-dihydrox~~phenyl)-~-methoxyethylinethylan1ine) has recently been reported to produce considerable stin~ulation of the central nervous system; however, it was much less active than adrenaline peripherally (1, 2). In view of these interesting pharinacological results a number of coinpounds analogous to adren a 1' ine methyl ether have been prepared. The methj.1 and ethyl ethers of both adrenaline and noradrenaline can be obtained by boiling solutions of the catecholamine hydrochlorides in the appropriate alcohols (3, 4, 5, 6). The highly reactive 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl chloride derivative, obtained by treatment of adrenaline with thionyl chloride, is readily converted to the corresponding alkoxy compound by being heated under reflux with an aliphatic alcohol (7, 8); adrenaline methyl, ethq-I, and isopropyl ethers have recently been prepared by this procedure (8). This note reports the application of this general procedure to the preparation of the inethl-1 and ethyl ethers of (i) noradrenaline, (ii) 3,4-dihydroxynorephedrine, and (iii) N-isopropylnoradrenaline. Attempts to recrystallize noradrenaline methyl ether hydrochloride from acetoneethanol mixtures gave an azomethine derivative (i.e. N-isopropylidenenoradrenaline methyl ether hydrochloride), from which N-isopropylnoradrenaline methyl ether hydrochloride could be obtained by catalytic hydrogenation.


The contemporary organization integrates most of the required resources into their business environment by adopting or leasing the cloud resources that are offered by many of the remote cloud service providers. The cloud computing renders hassle free installation, deployment and maintenance of the resources.  The cloud resources and services are observed to be pervasive in nature and therefore efficient technologies are to be adopted in order ensure the effective resource utilization and optimal service delivery to the cloud users. Generally virtualization, optimal scheduling techniques like cloudlet scheduling, virtual machine scheduling and load balancing strategies maximize the resource utilization and service delivery. This paper outlines the foundation concepts of cloud computing and proposes an algorithm named Enhanced Time Quantum based Round Robin Algorithm (ETQRRA). The ETQRRA is proposed to reduce the response time, waiting time, turnaround time and the number of context switching. The result of ETQRRA algorithm is compared with various versions of the existing Round Robin algorithms like Classic Round Robin Algorithm (CRR), Improved Shortest Remaining Burst Round Robin (ISRBRR), Half Life Variable Quantum Time Round Robin (HLVQTRR), Improved Round Robin Varying Quantum (IRRVQ) and Dynamic Time Quantum Round Robin (DTQRR) algorithms to prove the efficiency of ETQRRA. The comparative study shows the performance of ETQRRA outdo the other algorithms taken for the comparison.


Few studies addressing drivers of cattle selectivity focus on the combination of ecological (biotic and abiotic) and management factors such as rotational systems, paddock sizes and paddock shapes. As a consequence, it is difficult to prioritise management practices integrating information of different driving factors. In a heterogeneous mountain rangeland in Central Argentina we established a total of 419 square study plots of 1 ha located in 18 paddocks with differing sizes, shapes and cattle grazing management. Plots were small samples of landscapes, covering all existing variability in vegetation and physiography. For each plot we estimated the annual cattle use, average seasonal cattle density, forage types and abiotic characteristics. We used general linear models to show that selectivity was mainly driven by biotic variables. Cattle selected landscapes dominated by short palatable plants, but the strength of this influence differed among paddocks. Selectivity was strongest in paddocks with low abundance of lawns dominated by short palatable plants and low annual stocking rate. As stocking rate and the availability of lawns increased, selectivity strength decreased. Abiotic variables had far less influence than biotic variables, showing that cattle tended to avoid rough landscapes with steep terrain in the wet-warm season; and to be attracted by permanent water sources during the dry-cold season. Seasonal stocking density and paddock size had no detectable influence on cattle selectivity and distribution. Paddock shape influenced distribution but not the strength of forage selectivity. We conclude that in our system, cattle selectivity is mainly driven by biotic factors, and the most effective methods of changing the consequent distribution pattern is by manipulating forage types and paddock shape. The role of stocking rate remains controversial as it was correlated with the proportion of lawns in the paddock.


Study of qualitative nature, with the aimof analyzing nurses' knowledge on patient safety in the hospital environment.Field research was conducted in October 2015 at a general hospital in the south of the state of Minas Gerais, by means of semi-structured interviews with 43 nurses.The data were analyzed with the use ofBardin'scontent analysis method, identifying two categories:nurses' knowledge on patient safety in hospital practice and patient safety in nursing practice: strengths/strategies and weaknesses/difficulties. The results pointed that nurses have knowledge on patient safety based on the World Health Organization and the Patient Safety National Program, and they demonstrated concern for aligning work processes and improving safety culture in health services.


The stability of vitamin C was determined in refrigerated and frozen cerrado cashew apple over different storage times and with different types of packing. Cerrado cashew apple from two different regions were divided into lots (lot 1 and lot 2) and the samples were put into opaque or transparent polyethylene bags. Lot 1 was separated into two portions: one portion was refrigerated (4°C) and the other one was frozen in the freezer (-18°C) and both were stored for thirty days. Lot 2 was frozen (-18°C) for ninety days. The cashew apples were analyzed for pH, titrable acidity, moisture, soluble solids and ascorbic acid. After thirty days under refrigeration, the moisture and pH increased, whereas soluble solids, acidity titrable, and ascorbic acid decreased in comparison to the fresh cerrado cashew apple. In lot 1, the ascorbic acid content of frozen cashew apple increased in the final weeks, and the opaque bag was more efficient in preserving vitamin C. After being frozen for ninety days (lot 2), the ascorbic acid content of cashew apple was reduced by more than 60%. Freezing was more efficient in preserving ascorbic acid than refrigeration. The use of opaque or transparent bags did not affect the conservation of ascorbic acid, except for the first thirty days of freezing. KEY-WORDS: Vitamin C; cashew apple; Anacardium; storage; freezing; refrigeration.


With the widespread use of power electronics equipment and other nonlinear loads since the last twenty years, current and voltage waveforms are becoming highly distorted. Considering the effects of harmonics on the performance and life expectancy of electrical devices, prediction of harmonic levels is important to prevent the risks of their disturbances and to optimize the size of equipment. For this purpose, two estimation tools have been developed and compared to model time evolution of periodic harmonics. The first one is based on a discrete Fourier transform; the second one uses a stochastic approach based on a continuous-time model. The harmonic phenomenon is then considered as a time-dependent stochastic process. The two models have been applied to the identification of the harmonic currents drawn by an institutional building owning a weekly load pattern. The results have been then compared to get conclusion on the most appropriate method in the characterization of the time varying behavior of harmonics. The long term objective is to use these models to simulate multi-converters installations and to predict the effects of harmonics on electrical equipment such as transformers' overheating troubles.


The history of Acoustics is very long, but for modern Acoustics it was only started from the end of 19th century after Bell's and Sabine's works. Modern Acoustics in China was developed even later. The main contributions to the development of modern Acoustics in China of Dah-You MAA and his academic achievements were presented in this paper. It is shown that Dah-You MAA who is one of the founders of the normal mode theory and the modern Acoustics in China has played an important role in developing modern Acoustics. Some preliminary studies of MAA's scientific philosophy and his social activities were discussed in this paper also.


Background: Reduction of under-five year mortality rate by two-thirds by 2015 compared to 1990 level has been adopted as Target 4A in the Millennium Development Goals. Since infant deaths account for over seventy percents of under-five year mortality, the same two-thirds reduction Target of infant mortality rate (IMR) will be a prerequisite for achieving the Target 4A. Methods: We develop classical and kinked experience curve equations as our models to project IMR for 21 OECD countries for 2015 and 2050 We also use projected IMR by the UN and by the U.S. Census Bureau for comparison. Findings: Our projection indicates that only two countries will meet the reduction goal by 2015. However, all but four countries will achieve the garget by 205'3 On the other hand, projections by UN and the U.S. Census are more pessimistic in that only seven or four countries are expected to meet the target by 2050. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that the kinked experience curve model may be a useful alternative projection methodology. The results from all three projection methodologies suggest that each country may need a comprehensive review of its policy and programs of infant mortality control for major improvement.


This article on the foundation of briefly summarized the research progress of Webometrics,puts forward the research frame of citation analysis methods and metric appraise modes on Chinese network document,including research object,main research content,solving key problem and so on,and discusses the direction and trend of developing Webometrics research in China.


Four decades of advanced research about Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies (NOCMAT) such as bamboo and composites reinforced with natural fibers have shown that it is now possible to produce and use high performance NOCMAT. Bamboo and composites reinforced with vegetable fibers are capable, meeting most engineering demand in terms of strength, stiffness, toughness and energy absorption capability. The greatest challenge of the 21st century is the need for cost-effective, durable and eco-friendly construction materials that will meet the global needs of infrastructure regeneration and rehabilitation which alone can enhance the quality of life for all the people of the world. This paper summarizes some results of judicious combination of different matrix reinforced with vegetable fibers, especially bamboo. These sustainable ecological materials are strong, ductile and capable of absorbing large amounts of energy. They could find extensive applications in the engineering particularly in developing countries. Specifically, the development of durable composites reinforced with vegetable fibers and bamboo poses an important challenge to the science and skills of engineering. This challenge could create the most useful, eco-friendly construction materials backed by an endless supply of renewable natural resources. In addition the paper presents results of some ongoing research concerning bamboo and how vegetable fibers such as hemp plant, before the invention of Nylon was the most used materials in all aspects of human life around the globe and why it was banned.


This paper is a summary study of team Postgraduate on 11 nd grade. The objective of this study is to develop learning model based on problem solving which can construct high-order thinking on the learning mathematics in SMA/MA. The subject of dissemination consist of Students of 11 th grade in SMA/MA in 3 kabupaten/kota in North Sumatera,namely: SMA Swasta Yapim Taruna Stabat Kabupaten Langkat, SMK Negeri 6 Medan, SMA YPK Medan, and MAN Lubuk Pakam Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Instrument of Collecting data used are questionnaires, observation guidelines, interview guides, students mathematics textbooks for 11 th grade in SMA/MA, Teacher's guide book, instrument of pre-test and post-test. Development of model are adopted from Thiagarajan's model and  Semmel & Semmel's model. This research has compiled teaching materials in the form of textbooks for 11 th grade in SMA/MA and teacher's guide book that includes the structured steps of solving mathematical problems based on problem solving which can construct high-order thinking. Results of dissemination showed a significant improvement of students problem solving ability at four schools in three kabupaten/kota in North Sumatera. Keywords: Learning Model, High-order thinking


1. A compound having the chemical structure of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, wherein: X is -N = or -C (R) =; Y is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, haloalkyl, CN, -OH, cycloalkyl, -ORi -N (R) (R); wherein: is hydrogen, and R c is selected from the group consisting of (i) hydrogen, -ORi lower alkyl optionally substituted with one or more R; (Ii) cycloalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more R; (Iii) heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more R; (Iv) aryl or arylalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more R, wherein optionally two adjacent groups ROn aryl ring together form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from O or N ; and (v) heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more R; iliRi Roba represent lower alkyl; iliRi are joined to the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 3-7 membered ring containing 0-1 additional heteroatom in the ring selected from O, N or S, wherein the nitrogen or sulfur atom is optionally oxidized; R c is selected from the group consisting from lower alkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, fluoro-substituted lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or more R, heterocycloalkyl, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, geterotsikloalkilaminogruppy, aryl optionally substituted with one or more E R, and heteroaryl optionally substituted with


Abstract At quantization of harmonic rotator, a rotational mode of planar oscillator, energy spectrum is linear on frequency and equidistant, but zero-point energy in ground state can not arise. This is in agreement with generalization of uncertainty relations to non-Hermitean canonical pairs. Quantization of waves at collective rotations of a chain of harmonic rotators allows one to model the fields with charge-conjugation and gauge symmetries. In quantum field theory (QFT) at quantization of rotational modes as harmonic rotators the observables of fields are normal ordered and zero-point energy and zero-point charge of vacuum do not arise. In this case frequencies of quanta are angular speeds of rotation of field vectors in real or field spaces and two signs of helicity correspond to a particle and an antiparticle. Photons with circular polarization and complex fields are examples of such fields, spin and isospins (charges) of particles can be related by their frequencies as angular momenta and helicities of the rotating field vectors. At rotational quantization of strings there are no zero-point energy of modes and here a conformal anomaly is absent, so spacetime dimensionality and gauge group are not fixed. In QFT the fields should be averaged in small cells of space and time, where distribution and evolution of fields are described classically, and field functions on borders of cells should be sewed. Then loop integrals are finite and the renormalized theories are invariant under reduction of the size of cells (a renormgroup with the cell regularization). The Planck scale cell is smallest because of freezing of proper times in a strong external gravitational field of the loop diagram with redshifting of frequencies up to zero. In the Standard Model and quantum gravity the loop contributions of fields, with exception of scalars, are small and the perturbation theory is convergent.


This delicate pugilistic tale opens with Paddy Conlon (Nick Nolte), an alcoholic who has been sober for a thousand days, driving his car and listening to an audiobook of Melville's Moby Dick—an imm...


The type and the distribution of calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate crystals were investigated in the leaves of 33 taxa of Ficus belonging to the three subgenera Urostigma, Ficus and Sycomorus for a speculation to the inter-subgeneric affinity. Numerical analysis of 55 characters grouped the taxa under 13 groups. The sizes of the latter with respect to the number of taxa they contain were calculated. Some resultant groups comprised taxa from different subgenera. So far as the present data are concerned and in agreement with previous workers, the var. decora of Ficus elastica and var. comosa of Ficus benjamina are better raised to the specific levels F. decoraHort and F. comosaRoxb. respectively. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In recent years, wheeled bipedal robots have been widely researched as its flexible structures and superior performances. With the utilization of wheels, wheeled bipedal robots have the ability to move quickly on flat pavements. In addition to this, they can cope with some complicated terrains by motors mounted on legs. Various tasks have been achieved by wheeled bipedal robots such as trajectory tracking, carrying objects and leaping over obstacles. But whether the task is, the balance control is the basis of the subsequent movements. In this article, we established the dynamic equations of a wheeled bipedal robot on an inclined surface firstly. After linearization and discretization around the equilibrium point, a model predictive controller (MPC) with input constraints is constructed to keep the balance of the robot. In order to deal with unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances, an extended state observer (ESO) is designed to enhance the robustness of the controller. The simulation results prove that the proposed control method can ensure the balance of the robot and has a satisfactory adaptability to external interference.


The author introduces the deterministic design and probability design,gets bridge structure optimization research based on the reliability,provides the bridge structure optimization model based on the reliability,points out that only adopting the probability design method based on the structure reliability probability can we get design scheme of conforming with objective practice really.


In this paper, we propose an energy efficient routing algorithm for CDMA wireless ad hoc networks. The presented solution ensures the existing links throughput of active routes as the nodes enter or leave the network. As the new nodes join the network, the interference observed by the communicating nodes increases and as a result, decreases the link signal to interference plus noise ratio. Consequently, this increase in interference decreases the links throughput for all the communicating nodes. The new routing algorithm mitigates the effect of interference created by the change in number of nodes. In addition to the throughput, the energy consumption is critically analyzed in order to maintain the usage to a minimum level. The algorithm iteratively re-established the existing routes until the quality of service parameters; in particular, throughput, bit error rate, and energy consumption are satisfied. The simulation results show an increase in throughput for medium density networks. As the density increases, the improvement in the throughput is substantial. The energy consumption follows a similar pattern in improvement.


Abstract Rewarding innovation is a part of the regulatory system for drugs, both in terms of patent protection and the granting of regulatory exclusivity. One particular area where there has been a significant amount of innovation is in the development of orphan drugs. However, there has been a persistent issue regarding the significant percentage of approved new drugs that are less innovative than their counterparts. Further, it appears that the level of innovation in approved drugs containing a new molecular entity (NME) has been on the decline. This issue is highlighted by the proliferation of "me-too" or "addition-to-class" drugs. Me-too or addition-to-class drugs include drugs such as Lipitor and Nexium. These are considered less ground-breaking than other NMEs, as they generally function similarly to products that are already on the market. To combat the proliferation of me-too drugs, this Note proposes increasing regulatory exclusivity as a way to incentivize drug companies to create more innovative NMEs. This Note suggests that increasing exclusivity periods for more innovative NMEs, in that they are a drug with an NME that either demonstrates a new way to treat a disease or is designated for priority review by the FDA, will result in a greater number of these drugs being produced.


Fault features are weak and their strength is close to external disturbances for weak thruster fault in an AUV. There are great difficulties to distinguish fault features and external disturbances. This paper investigates a method to enhance fault features and suppress external disturbances. The typical stochastic resonance based fault feature enhancement method has not achieved satisfactory performance for weak thruster fault in an AUV, artificial fish swarm algorithm is applied to optimize the parameters of the stochastic resonance. In this process, a new optimization evaluation index is developed, and the structural parameters of the stochastic resonance system are optimized simultaneously with two evaluation indexes. Experiment data from Beaver-II AUV are used to demonstrate the performance of the fault feature enhancement method developed in this paper.


The embedded web server security is studied,the shortcoming of security which is a key issue in embedded web server is analyzed by present embedded system.A security mechanism built on authentication is proposed to address this particular deficiency.Various circumstances is analyzed and an authentication scheme which includes secret key maintenance,role right distribution and identity authentication for application of embedded web server and the detailed process of digital signature is given.


A non-rigid micro/nano scale cutting mechanism that is capable to fabricate micro-grooves in a surface of some square centimeters with a constant cutting depth and even on inclined surfaces has been developed. This mechanism is based on the control principle of the nano-cutting technique using an Atomic Force Microscope, where a cantilever with a diamond tool attached at its free edge is used to remove the material from the workpiece. Using an optical lever, the angular deformation at the tip of the cantilever is measure, allowing us to grasp the total cutting force involved during the machining process.


Awareness regarding the clean environment and increased demand for energy encourages generating power from natural sources. Among all the renewable sources available, generation from solar technology is rapidly growing to meet the energy requirements for various applications due to its ubiquity, sustainability, and plenty of availability. According to the global PV market, 594 GW capacity of PV was installed worldwide in 2019 by replacing the conventional source-based generation plants. However, the main challenge involved in PV generation is to evaluate the Maximum power from the available tracking techniques. Another major complication in the solar array is the non-uniformity of radiations on the PV panel, which descends its performance and is termed partial shading. The partial shading effect on PV Array gives subsequent power loss. The consequences of shading effects are multiple peaks in P-V characteristics that are not deluded using a conventional method such as P & O or Incremental conductance methods. The paper presents ways to overcome the partial shading effect, which involves reconfiguring PV panels and reducing the power disparity evolutionary algorithm particle swarm optimization (PSO) to attain P-V Curves' peak power point


Fatty acid composition of Neurospora plasma membrane This research note is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol25/iss1/13 lipids, membrane structural protein and ATP oppews .o=I. The pemeore ryrtemr for 5MT, phenylalanine and orginine ore not derepressed, the K, for phenylolonine uptake is not grarly affected and efflux is not obolirhed though rignificantly larger intracellular poolr are maintained following uptake of phenylolanine. The noture o' the change in mtr mutants is not clmr though alteration to an externo, or ioternol pemeobility barrier seem3 likely. L ike mod-5 (St. Lawrence e t al.m64) Genetics 5 0 : 1 3 8 3 ) w h i c h &a maps on l inkage goup "I, mtr e n a b l e r trp-3 A78 to grow well on co* media. Howev~%like mod-5, mts doer not rnoblc py'-l H263 to grow on complete ~;d;um. mod-5 and e have not been tested f o r ollelim. The e mutation has provided o genetic background enabling the irolation of 5MT ,esiskn+ mutantr with altered regulation of tryptophon biorynthcsir. T h e r e mutantr e x c r e t e t r y p t o p h o n and anthronilic acid (Cotcheride ( 1 9 6 9 ) proc. Aurtrol. Biochem. Sm. 2 : 67). + h.r 0,~) enabled the selection of B-azaadenine reris+.n+ m~tm,+s which overproduce and excrete puriner (Jha (1972) M&c. Gen. Gene?. 114:168). It is likely that the mtr mufotion will prove useful in probing CI wide range of cellular procelrer, porticulorly where wild type is not sufficiently sensitive to ~trwtwol analoguer of cell metabolites to enable direct election of resistant mutanh. Stocks o f mts MNl(s) h a v e b e e n d e p o s i t e d i n t h e Fungol Genetics S tock Cen te r : A FGSC "2746, a FGSC "2747. The mutotim is conveni;;;illy yd i n t u b e r . Strainr containing mtr fail to grow at 25" in 72 h;r, on &per of V&&s minimal ogm supplemented with 350 ng ml DL-SMT 01 the appropriate concentration of mother mine acid, purine or pyrimidine onologue. Emerson 4 or a wild type, such as FGSC x691 and 692, is an appropriate mts' reference rtroin. The approximate concentration of onalogue whrch reducer growth yield of mtr in liquid Vogel's medium by 5m in 72 hours is: 5-methyl-DL-tryptophon 4 x 10-4M, B-ozaodenine 4 x 10e5M, L-ethionine 2 x IO-M, L-conovonine 5 x IO-'M. School of Biological Sc iences , Flinderr Vnivenity, B e d f o r d Pork, South Aurtrolio, 5042, Australia. Fr iedman, K .J . and D . Glick. Fatty acid composition of Neurorporo plasma membrane.


Purpose: this paper aims to present vernacular artifacts produced to aid the domestic cultivation of plants and discuss its sustainability. Methodology: research using the digital universe to gather market and vernacular products for cultivation and field research through visits to the residences of people who practice some type of planting with the same objective. Research Limitation/implication: compare the product research with bibliographic research with references from social design, co-creation, sustainability, and innovation, used to support the proposal to compare homemade products with market analogs (if any) presenting as many possible justifications for the consumer's decisions to create their own products instead of buying them, representing a potential opportunity for design. Results: the creation of vernacular artifacts is independent of design quality projects. Most likely they will always exist, as interests go beyond those related to the need for a specific product. But for the designer, observing these initiatives is a way of understanding the users desires. Originality/Value of paper: presentation of  sustainability precepts of and the reuse of materials and products from the perspective of sustainable design, also the potentialities for working in this field.


This paper contains an end-to-end performance characterization of subsystems which are used in both acquisition and data delivery of the NASA deep space network (DSN). Signal Processing WorkSystem (SPW) simulation runs are conducted to gain insight into the dynamics of the front-end subsystem signal acquisition. Comparisons are made among the mathematical acquisition models, the simulation results and the actual Mars Global Surveyer (MGS) emergency mode test data. The test shows that at high symbol signal-to-noise power ratio (SSNR>3 dB), the measured end-to-end acquisition time is about 12 minutes. This result matches the prediction by the end-to-end link model and by the simulation.


Optical trapping, where microscopic particles are trapped and manipulated by light is a powerful technique. The single-beam gradient trap (also known as optical tweezers) is widely used for a large number of biological and other applications. The forces and torques acting on a trapped particle result from the transfer of momentum and angular momentum from the trapping beam to the particle. Despite the apparent simplicity of a laser trap, with a single particle in a single beam, exact calculation of the optical forces and torques acting on particles is difficult, and a number of approximations are normally made. Approximate calculations are performed either by using geometric optics, which is appropriate for large particles, or using small particle approximations. Neither approach is adequate for particles of a size comparable to the wavelength. This is a serious deficiency, since wavelength sized particles are of great practical interest because they can be readily and strongly trapped and can be used to probe interesting microscopic and macroscopic phenomena. The lack of suitable theory is even more acute when the trapping of non-spherical particles is considered. Accurate quantitative calculation of forces and torques acting on non-spherical particles is of particular interest due to the suitability of such particles as microscopic probes. These calculations are also important because of the frequent occurrence of non-spherical biological and other structures, and the possibility of rotating or controlling the orientation of such objects. The application of electromagnetic scattering theory to the laser-trapping of wavelength sized non-spherical particles is presented.


Question In patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE), what is the efficacy of adding 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomographycomputed tomography (PET/CT) to a limited screening strategy for detecting cancer? Methods Design Randomized controlled trial. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00964275. Allocation Concealed.* Blinding Unblinded.* Follow-up period 2 years. Setting 4 university hospitals in France. Patients 399 patients 18 years of age (median age 63 y, 53% men) who had unprovoked venous thromboembolism (no major inherited or acquired risk factor [i.e., surgery, trauma, or fracture] in the previous 3 mo; antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; or deficiency in antithrombin, protein C, or protein S). Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, known cancer (active or treated in the previous 5 y), or sensitivity to imaging products. Intervention 18F-FDG PET/CT added to limited screening (n =200) or limited screening alone (n =199) within 1 month of VTE. Limited screening comprised medical history, physical examination, routine laboratory tests (complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and calcium), chest radiography, and age- and sex-specific cancer screening (prostate-specific antigen in men >50 y of age, mammography in women >50 y of age, and Pap smear in all women). Outcomes Primary outcome was cancer detection after initial screening. Secondary outcomes included cancer detection in patients who were negative at initial screening. A sample size of 400 was required to detect a 4-fold increase in cancer detection with a power of 80% ( =0.05) and an assumed cancer rate of 2% in the limited screening group. Patient follow-up 96% (intention-to-treat analysis). Main results 18F-FDG PET/CT added to limited screening did not increase cancer detection after VTE (Table). In patients with a negative initial screen, occult cancer detection was lower in the 18F-FDG PET/CT group after 2 years (Table). Conclusion In patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographycomputed tomography added to a limited screening strategy did not increase cancer detection. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomographycomputed tomography (PET/CT) plus limited screening vs limited screening alone in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) Outcome Event rates Screening after VTE 18F-FDG PET/CT + limited screening Limited screening alone Absolute risk difference (95% CI) NNS (CI) Cancer 5.6% 2.0% 3.6% (0.4 to 7.9) Not significant At 24 mo Occult cancer 0.5% 4.7% 4.1% (0.8 to 8.4) 25 (13 to 88) NNS = number needed to screen. Other abbreviations defined in Glossary. NNS and CI calculated from event rates in article. In 379 patients with a negative initial screen. Commentary Patients with unprovoked VTE have an increased risk for cancer, but screening patients to detect these cancers earlier and at a potentially more curable state is controversial. Previously, the Screening for Occult Malignancy in Patients with Idiopathic Venous Thromboembolism (SOME) trial showed that adding abdominal/pelvic CT scans to limited screening did not increase immediate diagnosis of cancer or reduce diagnosis during 1-year follow-up (1). In contrast, the trial by Robin and colleagues showed that adding PET/CT nonsignificantly increased baseline diagnosis of cancer and significantly reduced the number of subsequently diagnosed occult cancers. However, there was no difference in overall or cancer-related mortality. Why the differences? In the trial by Robin and colleagues, mean patient age was about 10 years older than that in the SOME trial (2), and more patients had previous VTE (29% vs 5%, respectively); both of these are markers for increased cancer risk (2). Also, in the SOME trial, only 25% of patients had chest CT, which could have reduced cancer detection. A problematic issue in both trials is that many patients had low risk for cancer. The SOME trial showed that risk factors predictive for cancer were age 60 years, current smoking, and previous provoked VTE (which alone increased risk for cancer detection about 3-fold) (2). Given the lack of survival benefit and concern about false-positive test results, PET/CT screening cannot be recommended in patients with unprovoked VTE. Future research should focus on the utility of screening in patients with risk factors for cancerolder patients, smokers, and those with recurrent thrombosisand on decreasing false-positive findings.


1. Introduction 2. The heterogeneity of Greek genealogy 3, The pre-Hellenic substratum reconsidered 4. Kingship in Bronze Age Greece and Western Asia 5. Marriage and identity 6. The spread of the Greek language 7. The end of the Bronze Age 8. Continuities and discontinuities Appendix References Indexes.


To advance crisis communication theory and research, this article features communities of concern as the focal point and examines whether multiple voices are best to supply crisis information, evaluation, and advice to make communities more fully functioning. A funded study was conducted (606 completed calls) in three counties in the Houston, Texas (Metropolitan Statistical Area) MSA. The project features these concepts: concern/perception of risk and knowledge of response protocols, risk management/communication, crisis management/communication (precrisis, crisis event, postcrisis), cognitive involvement, fear/denial/efficacy (self, response, and community), and communication infrastructures. The basic question addressed was whether a diverse community becomes more fully functioning by having community emergency management planning and communication (law of requisite variety) reflect that diversity. Results indicate that approximately half of the persons surveyed do not feel adequately prepared to respond during these emergencies. Of those who do, diverse voices (source similarity and message sensitivity) increase residents' sense of self, expert, and community preparedness. If citizens have access to information that is from sources similar to them and stated in messages that are sensitive to them, they feel more prepared to deal with crisis emergency response.


Several aspects such as the large amounts of knowledge that can be found in the Internet applications field, the rapid and continuous evolution of Internet, and methodological problems that have been commonly reported in computer programming courses, challenge the designing and development of Internet application courses. In this paper, we present an integral pedagogical approach to design and teach such courses, considering all of those aspects by means of: (1) The definition of a balance among several thematic axes, and the generation of high-level programming skills; (2) a structured set of learning resources along with tools that facilitate the management and evolution of them; and (3) a pedagogical active learning model that helps instructors teach in a systematic way.


In this article,the emulsifying properties of discolored pig haemoglobin powder(FP),pig blood cell protein powder(CP),discolored hydrolyzed haemoglobin by enzyme(EP) and soybean protein isolated(PI) were compared.Also,the effects of emulsifying time,protein concentration,proportion of oil,pH value and emulsifying temperature on FP protein emulsifying properties were studied mainly


Cancer is a major health problem and causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide.
 In order to identify new potent antitumor agents with good specificity and low toxicity, a series of 12 new 1,3,4-oxadiazole bis-substitute molecules were tested on different cancer cell lines as potential antitumor candidates. All the compounds were tested in order to select the molecules with stronger and more selective cell growth inhibitory activity.
The cytotoxic effects were evaluated in vitro and it was found that Molecule 10 had the greatest antitumor activity on cancer cells and it exerted an antiproliferative behavior in a dose-dependent manner. Clonogenic assay revealed a visible reduction of colony formation in all cell lines.
 To investigate the effects of the molecule on the cell cycle progression, flow cytometry analysis were performed identifying cell cycle arrest in G2/M phases, therefore immunofluorescence analyses were realized using β-tubulin antibody and abnormal effects were showed on tubulin organization. To understand molecular mechanism involved in cell cycle arrest, western blot analysis were executed identifying a deregulation of p53 levels.
Same experiments were repeated in human fibroblast cells as normal control versus the respective immortalized cell lines. All the fibroblasts were less sensitive and showed a higher IC 50 than cancer and immortalized cells, validating that Molecule 10 has low systemic toxicity and a specific activity to cancer cells.


Heck's disease, or Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia (FEH), caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) subtypes 13 and mainly 32, is a rare and benign pathology of the oral mucosa; diagnosis is confirmed by PCR analysis.
This is a common disease in the Mayan and other Native-American populations, most frequently between 2-13 years. Risk factors include lower income class, poor hygiene and genetic predisposition.
This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of clinically compatible lesions of FEH in children from low, middle and high-income in 3 elementary schools in Yucatan, Mexico.
Clinical evaluation was conducted and documented for later analysis by a dermatologist familiar with FEH. Samples were taken and HPV-13 was identified by PCR.
The total of 186 subjects were analyzed from the low-income elementary school, with 41 subjects presenting FEH lesions and 76 presented HPV-13 upon PCR analysis. In the middle-income school, of the 144 subjects studied, 3 had FEH lesions and 8 presented HPV-13 upon PCR analysis. In the high-income elementary school, 96 students were studied, and none presented FEH lesions, however, 6 had HPV-13 positivity.
FEH and HPV-13 prevalence were inversely proportional to socioeconomic status. Lacking an association to a particular gender or difference in the age groups studied.


In the course of the present research, the authors have studied the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the context of the pandemic and the current economic realities in Russia, and Latin America and the Caribbean.The article presents modern measures to support SMEs in Russia, which will enable to implement SMEs activities at the support of the state through the availability of financial resources, reducing the tax burden, increasing the income of citizens, and improving the quality of life not only in cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg but also in the regions of the country.


The life of the founder and leader of Christian Socialism offers considerable enlightenment on the guiding philosophy of this important nineteenth-century English movement toward social reform. Masterman emphasizes the confusion of goals within the movement, the radical European and even cosmopolitan character with which Ludlow infused it, and its role as link between nineteenthcentury liberalism and the corporate collectivism that succeeded it. $5.50


Objective:To explore the significances of P16 and CyclinD1 protein expressions in uterine sarcoma,reveal the mechanism and provide a basis for early diagnosis and treatment.Methods:Immunohistochemical S-P method was used to detect the expression levels of P16 and CyclinD1 in 62 cases with uterine sarcoma,20 cases with hysteromyoma were selected as control group.Results:There was significant difference in expression of P16 among uterine leiomyosarcoma when uterine sarcoma of different pathological types were compared with uterine leiomyoma(P0.05).There was no correlation between P16 expression and CyclinD1 expression in uterine sarcoma(rs′=-0.088 3,P0.05).Conclusion:P16 can be used as an important marker for differentiation of uterine smooth muscle tumors;CyclinD1 may be an early molecular event in occurrence of uterine sarcoma,and its over-expression is a general phenomenon in out of control of cell proliferation;the co-expression of P16 and CyclinD1 reveals the complex of gene expression during the genesis of uterine sarcoma,expression deletion of P16 and over-expression of CyclinD1 may participate in the genesis of uterine sarcoma alone or altogether.


Kiwifruit belongs to breath-leap type fruit with obvious afterripening process and softening quickly if without effective preservative measure after gathering, and becoming putrifiable and deteriorated within short time. So it is urgent to study the physiological characteristics of kiwifruit during packaging storage. This paper studied the effects of 1-MCP on kiwifruit quality and physiological characteristics with "Haywood, Junkie or Wincey" kiwifruit as test materials stored respectively at different temperatures and regular intervals. The results showed that: the 1-MCP can delay the respiratory intensity of kiwifruit during packaging storage and keep down acidity, VC content and upholding hardness. And so as to put forward the optimal packaging storage technology. The results provide good theoretical reference to the packaging storage of kiwifruit in processing enterprise and business management.


German architects sauerbruch hutton have convincingly met high standards in urban development,architecture and ecological construction.Their greatest success,the new Federal Agency of Environment Building in Dessau has become a milestone in sustainable architecture.


Since thousands of years ago, seas and straits have become world trade routes. The sea carries out the exchange of goods and trade. The purpose of this article is to explain the mastery of the potential of the strait; It has implications for the glory of the country that controls it. Through an asymmetrical analysis, colonials' domination of the straits is relatively safer than areas controlled by regional countries. Sea lanes between islands and between continents are strategic resources that can be exploited by anyone who occupies them. The Hormuz Strait and the Malacca Strait are clear examples of how vital the strait is for the movement of goods and trade routes involving many national interests. On that basis, many conflicts occurred in these two straits. The traditional approach and realism in viewing the conflict in the two straits prove that, in the end, every country or country with interest will have an ego to dominate. The conflicts that occur in the two straits are border and resource conflicts.


The main aim of this research is to develop a methodology for the assessment of the effectiveness of the introduction of new digital technologies in commercial banks in Uzbekistan. In the process of developing the methodology, assessment methodologies of digital technologies in various fields were studied and analyzed, such as agriculture, public administration, the oil industry. Studied and analyzed methodologies were used as secondary data in the data collection method in the research. The assessment process in compliance with this developed methodology is carried out in line with the algorithm diagram, which describes the assessment process step-by-step. At the end of the research, the researcher developed factors that can be used for the effective application of digital technologies in commercial banks in Uzbekistan.


hip disorders in patients with CP was equally poor, with some research stating that up to 50% of patients with 'dislocating' hips developed hip pain when the patient aged. Who were these patients and what were their hip disorders? Reimers, in his classic work on the stability of the hip in children, added the migration percentage of hip subluxation to the lexicon of classification systems. 2 While this has become the standard of hip measurement in CP, it is still difficult to determine where in the spectrum of disease a particular patient lies. Reimers' classification also does not address the degree of acetabular involvement. Why do classification systems matter? CP is a diverse spectrum of disorders ranging from mild motor disorder (GMFCS level I) to severe total body involvement (GMFCS level V). Similarly, mild hip disorders with minimal structural changes need not have any treatment while severe hip dislocation with femoral head destruction and acetabular involvement may adversely affect the quality of life of a patient who has such a hip. Comparing large groups of patients who have similar, measureable conditions (in this case hip dysplasia) enables the researcher and the clinician to understand the natural history of the problem and, perhaps, make conclusions about the best way to treat their patients. Treatments such as physical therapy, chemical denervation, bracing, orthopedic surgery, etc. purport to 'improve' the hip, yet it is often difficult to determine the degree of involvement that any particular patient had prior to or after the treatment. A classification system that has discrete parameters enables one to 'put that disorder into a box' for communication with other clinicians and other researchers. While I applaud this attempt to categorize hip problems in CP, there are a few limitations of the Robin et al. study. First, although the authors performed validity testing, there are other studies demonstrating the inter- and intrarater error in using the Reimers' index. 3 Second, the quality of the radiographs, i.e. standardization of positioning of the hip was not discussed. The measurements become more difficult and less reliable with pelvic obliquity and rotation. Third, this is a classification on skeletally mature patients and it may be too late to intervene to improve hip function by the time that the patient is skeletally mature and may lessen the impact of a classification system. Last, hip disorders in CP are a three-dimensional problem. Often the plain radiograph appears fairly normal, yet the hip may be subluxated posteriorly. Clearly three-dimensional imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) would add to the classification of hip disorders in children with CP. 4 However, with these caveats, the authors should be congratulated for taking a complex problem and attempting to break it down to discrete categories. This, I believe, is one of the challenges of science: taking continuous data that is overwhelming and attempting to organize it for our human brains (especially orthopedic surgeon's brains). Combining this hip classification schema with the GMFCS will enable us to evaluate our patients in the clinic and in our clinical research to determine if any of our therapies change the natural history of the hip in children with CP. Why another classification system? It's all about communication.


The director structures, meniscus profile, and defects in free-standing films of the twist grain boundary TGBA and UTGBC* liquid crystals were studied. The films were characterized by a combination of polarizing microscopy and fluorescence confocal polarizing microscopy. Five principal regions of meniscus were distinguished. When film thickness in the meniscus is much smaller then the TGB pitch, there is no difference between the free-standing films of TGB and ordinary smectic A liquid crystals. When the film thickness is larger than the TGB pitch, filamentary texture is observed. The 3D director pattern of the filaments are similar to the ground state director fields of TGBA and UTGBC* liquid crystals. In the intermediate thickness region of the meniscus, when the film thickness and TGB pitch are commensurate, a unique radial pattern is observed. Based on the fluorescence confocal polarizing microscopy studies of the director field, we propose a model for the 3D director structure in this part of the meniscus.


This study was conducted to assess the effects of 2,4-epibrassionolide (EBR) on mold decay caused by Rhizopus stolonifer and its capability to activate biochemical defense reactions in postharvest peaches. The treatment of EBR at 5 μM possessed the optimum effectiveness on inhibiting the Rhizopus rot in peach fruit among all treatments. The EBR treatment significantly up-regulated the expression levels of a set of defense-related enzymes and PR genes that included PpCHI, PpGns1, PpPAL, PpNPR1, PpPR1 and PpPR4 as well as led to an enhancement for biosynthesis of phenolics and lignins in peaches during the incubation at 20 °C. Interestingly, the EBR-treated peaches exhibited more striking expressions of PR genes and accumulation of antifungal compounds upon inoculation with the pathogen, indicating a priming defense could be activated by EBR. On the other hand, 5 μM EBR exhibited direct toxicity on fungal proliferation of R. stolonifer in vitro. Thus, we concluded that 5 μM EBR inhibited the Rhizopus rot in peach fruit probably by a direct inhibitory effect on pathogen growth and an indirect induction of a priming resistance. These findings provided a potential alternative for control of fungal infection in peaches during the postharvest storage.


Chiral cholesteric molecular tweezer 7a was synthesized, and its recognition properties for Ag+, Al3+, Ca2+ etc., were investigated by UV and fluorescence spectra. The results showed that in ethanol/Tris (1/1, v/v, pH 7.0) buffer solution, the host molecular tweezer 7a had a specific recognition ability for Ag+, the detection limit was up to 1 × 10−6 mol/L, and other metal ions had little effect on Ag+ recognition. At the same time, the naked-eye detection of Ag+ was realized by the light red color of the complex solution. Furthermore, the mechanism of recognition of Ag+ by molecular tweezer 7a was studied by a nuclear magnetic titration test and computer molecular simulation, and a rapid detection method of Ag+ using host molecular tweezer 7a was established. Through the determination of Ag+ in milk powder, quinoa and other food samples, it was proved that this novel method had a good application prospect for the detection of Ag+ in food.


At present many startup companies are controlled by families in China. This paper gives an analysis frame that can explains why startup company is controlled by a family based on economics theory and social capital theory.First,a credit rationing model is cited to analyze why it is difficult for entrepreneurs to cooperate with other non-family capital owners.Secondly,this paper puts forward a family social capital model based which the family social capital function mechanism is analyzed in family companies,and makes a conclusion that family social capital is the main cause which startup company is controlled by a family.


The genus Platynectes in the Moluccas is revised and the following five new taxa are described: P. ambonensis sp.n. [Ambon], P. gigas sp.n. [Seram], P.jaechi sp.n. [Seram], P. marnisela sp.n. [Seram] and P. moluccensis sp.n. [Seram]. All eight Platynectes species recorded from the Moluccas are reviewed and redescriptions of P. buruensis ZIMMERMANN, 1926 [Buru], P. octodecimmaculatus (MACLEAY, 1825) [Ambon, Bacan, Seram] and P. decastigma RÉGIMBART, 1899 [Ternate, Tidore, New Guinea] are provided. The ecology and zoogeography of these species is briefly discussed. For the genus Platynectes the Manusela Reserve in Seram is pointed out as a hotspot of diversity. All species are rheobionts. Most species have black pronotum and elytron with contrasting yellow markings. These are suggested to be an adaptation to a life on gravely/sandy substrate in streamlets. The ground pattern is suggested to have included eight to ten elytral spots. Some or all of them are, however, cryptic in particular species. Important species characters (median lobes, parameres and color patterns) are illustrated.


Wireless network planning is essential to the planning of a mobile system. It is directly related to the quality and effectiveness of the network, and can deeply affect the development of the network. In this paper, a method for mobile wireless network planning is discussed. In the first part of this paper, a procedure for planning and optimizing what is fit to be carried out by computer is given. We can plan and optimize a mobile wireless network by analyzing, computing and modifying the network according to the procedure. In the second part of this paper, we discuss in detail the planning method for a mobile wireless network on the basis of the procedure given. By the means of the method, we can obtain the topology and parameters of the mobile wireless network under the conditions of required traffic, traffic density, coverage and service quality.


People are highly skilled at intercepting moving objects and capable of remarkably precise timing - in the order of a few milliseconds. The timing of interceptions is constrained by two situational factors: the time available to plan and complete the action and the temporal precision required by the task. Recent research on interceptive actions indicates that a highly replicable relationship is likely to exist between movement timing and task constraints. This is analogous to the classic Fitts' law relationship that relates movement time (MT) to task variables for movements aimed at stationary targets. We report two experiments that allowed a description of the relationship for an anticipatory interception task (without target pursuit). Two quantities that determine the required temporal precision were varied in experiment 1 - target speed and size. Available time (viewing time, VT) was kept constant and relatively large (1.6 s). MT was found to decrease with increases in target speed and decreases in target size. These results conformed to a specific empirical relationship between MT and the task variables. In experiment 2, VT and target speed were varied. MT was found to decrease monotonically with decreases in VT and the effect of target speed declined, becoming undetectable at the shortest VT (0.4s). These results can be interpreted as providing direct information about the 'rule' used by the nervous system to pre-determine MT in anticipatory interceptions.