The widespread availability of geographic information systems allows spatial analysts to predict what can be seen from various locations, thereby allowing them to find advantageous sites for facilities requiring wide fields of view and for facilities whose visual impacts are to be minimized. This study uses standard surveying techniques to delineate actual viewsheds in the field, and then compares these actual viewsheds to predicted viewsheds generated by computer analysis using various commonly used elevation data sets, data models and visibility criteria. Results showed that some data sets produced predicted viewsheds that mimicked surveyed viewsheds much more accurately than other data sets, and that some combinations of data model and visibility criteria produced much greater matching accuracies than other combinations. However, even under the best of conditions, the average level of agreement between predicted viewsheds and field surveyed viewsheds was only slightly higher than 50 percent. Plausible causes of these predicted viewshed inaccuracies include likely errors in the elevation data used in creating the predicted viewsheds and insufficient spatial resolution of the elevation data.


Objective To construct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) library typing of Yersinia pestis in Yunnan Province,and to provide a basis for control of the disease through originating and typing the disease.Methods Twenty-nine strains isolated from Rattus flavipectus plague focus,Apodemus chevrieriEothenomys miletus plague focus and Yulong plague focus in Yunnan Province were involved in this study.Two kinds of endonucleases of Asc Ⅰ and Fse Ⅰ were used in PFGE analysis,and clustering patterns were draw using BioNumerics 6.6 software.Results The 29 strains of Yersinia pestis can be divided into 20 genotypes by PFGE.These genotypes were grouped into three major clusters,namely Rattus flavipectus gene cluster,Apodemus chevrieri-Eothenomys miletus gene cluster and Yulong gene cluster.Rattus flavipectus gene cluster could be further divided into 3 sub-clusters of Dehong,Wenshan and Lincang.Conclusions There are regional aggregations of molecular typing of Yersinia pestis in Yunnan Province by PFGE; and the result of PFGE genotyping is well related to that of ecological typing; Yulong plague is an independent PFGE pattern.

Key words:
Yersinia pestis ;  Electrophoresis, gel, pulsed-field;  Yunnan


In order to establish electrical impedance parameter tomography (EIPT),we have accomplished a rapid, precise acquisition system for bio-electrical impedance characteristic parameters measurement, and the sweeping frequency technique combined with mixing frequency technique, which can collect impedance information at different frequencies simultaneously, was employed. Also, a new demodulation method, named by us as "orthogonal sequential digital demodulation", was chosen to improve system precision. The results showed that this system could select frequencies from 1.6kHz to 380kHz with a minimum frequency interval between any two frequencies less than 100Hz. It could collect impedance information at four different frequencies at the same time. The noise level of the signal source was about -80DB. And if 64 points per period was sampled, the signal to noise ratio could be improved by more then 5.6 times by demodulate algorithm.


In the 1980s, there was a growing realization by many business analysts and consumers that the quality of U.S. products and services was falling behind that of other leading nations, especially Japan. Some industry and government leaders saw the need for an emphasis on quality as a necessity for doing business in an ever expanding, and more demanding, global market. Many American businesses either did not understand the quality problem or did not know where to begin. Some U.S. business leaders, noting the success of the Deming Prize in improving the quality of Japan's products, suggested that a U.S. quality award might create an incentive for quality improvement and a basis for sharing information on successful quality strategies. A difficult choice for a U.S. award was whether it should be managed by a private or government entity. Some argued that only those directly experienced in business could provide the needed understanding. Others believed that only a Presidential Award could bring the needed national visibility and recognition. The final decision was to utilize the strengths of both sectors. The pending legislation called for a publicprivate partnership in which each sector plays a crucial role. In August 1987 Congress enacted legislation establishing the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award and assigned overall management of the Award to the National Bureau of Standards (soon to become the National Institute of Standards and Technology). Congress selected NBS/NIST to design and manage the Award program because of its role in helping U.S. companies compete, its world renowned expertise in measurement quality and quality assurance practices, and its reputation as an impartial third party. NIST worked with key private sector leaders to create a private organization, the Foundation for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. In 1988, the Foundation raised $10M to support the purposes of the Award. Congress named the award in honor of Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary of Commerce during the period when the legislation was developed. Just prior to the enactment of the legislation, Mr. Baldrige died after a rodeo accident. This naming was in recognition of the efforts of Secretary Baldrige to strengthen U.S. competitiveness. The Award is the country's highest level of recognition for performance excellence and has been presented annually by the President since 1988. The intent of the Award is to recognize U.S. companies for their achievements in quality and business performance and to raise awareness about the importance of quality and performance excellence as a competitive edge. It was envisioned that the Award would serve as a standard of excellence to aid U.S. companies in achieving world-class quality. Rather than recognize specific products or services, the Award Program would recognize role-model business practices and emphasize the sharing of best practices. Three Award categories were initially permitted: manufacturing, service, and small business. A key step in implementing the new Law was developing the criteria for the Award. In late 1987, NBS/ NIST created the basic criteria concept and category structure as well as the basis for a multi-stage evaluation. In parallel with this Award design, a network of private sector experts was created to implement and expand the design and to serve as evaluators. A design feature of the Award Program was the commitment to annual revision of the criteria to reflect key learnings and changing business needs. The first Award Criteria were published in the Application Guidelines for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award in1988. [1] Although the criteria were needed to serve as a basis for making Awards, their use was intended mainly for organizational self-assessment and improvement. The 1988 Application Guidelines included Award Criteria based upon seven evaluation Categories. Each Category consisted of two or more Examination Items, which serve as the basis for Awards and for self-assessment. The Award Criteria represented a major new vehicle for the United States to define best quality practices and to disseminate practices more quickly using an approach that permits self-diagnosis. Thus the Criteria serve as the focal point in education and cooperation, going beyond the requirements of the Award contest, via a kind of excellence standard. The Criteria take a systems approach to organizational excellence. They incorporate a set of core values and concepts that reflect beliefs and behaviors found in high performing organizations. The Criteria are expressed as operational requirements, including key processes and measures that connect processes to comprehensive business results. The business results include not only financial and market results, but also product


c
Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with gummy smiles in adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years attending high school. Methods: The cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic, with 160 adolescents, from two public (A1) and two private (A2) schools chosen by lottery, divided into two groups: G1 (with gummy smile) and G2 (no gummy smile). A clinical examination was carried out on the adolescents, investigating the presence or absence of a gummy smile (GS), by analyzing the variables (interlabial distance at rest, upper incisor exposure at rest, smile arc, measurement from the subnasal to the upper lip philtrum, upper lip length, upper lip thickness, hypermobility and lower/middle third ratio). Means and dispersion were obtained, and the Chi-square association test was applied, to compare the results between A1 and A2 and between G1 and G2. Results: The prevalence of GS was 33.8% (=54). It was found that no statistically significant associations were found (p > 0.05), regarding the type of school and gender with the presence of GS in adolescents. There was no statistically significant difference (χ² = 1.82; p = 0.07) between the groups and the age of adolescents. There was a significant association between the studied variables and GS (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence was high with a predominance of females. There were no statistically significant associations regarding the type of school and gender, but there was a significant association between gummy smile and lip dimensions.


1 Department of Technology and Production Management, Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran 2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University of Hamedan, Iran 3 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran


Disclosed is an efficient biogas fertilizer; the traditional organic fertilizer has the problems of low nutrient content, slow fertilizer effect and low seasonal utilization of the fertilizer nutrients. The invention provides the following technical proposal to solve all the problems: the weight proportions of the efficient biogas fertilizer comprise 100 kilograms of biogas slurry, 0.5 to 3 kilograms of urea, 1 to 3 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, and 0.1 to 0.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate; or the weight proportions of the efficient biogas fertilizer comprise 100 kilograms of biogas residue, 10 to 20 kilograms of urea, as well as 5 to 15 kilograms of calcium superphosphate. The efficient biogas fertilizer has the advantages of high nutrient content, faster fertilizer efficiency and high seasonal utilization of the fertilizer nutrients; the efficient biogas fertilizer can meet the demand for nutrients in a timely manner during the vigorous growth period when the crops require more fertilizer; the efficient biogas fertilizer can fertilize the soil and facilitate stable and high yield of crops so as to create a better agro-ecological system; the efficient biogas fertilizer significantly reduces the fertilizing frequency and labor cost in transport and fertilizing, so as to achieve good economic and social benefits.


In a population containing an increasing number of persons in the older agc groups, certain diseases are assuming growing importance. That cancer is one of these diseases may be seen from the data in Table 1. In the year 1955 the death rate in males from all forms of cancer per 100,000 population increased ten-fold in the ninth decade of life as compared with the fifth decade. In females, the rise in death rate from all cancers with aging, though not quite as striking, was significant. The increase with aging in the death rates from cancer of the digestive system and of the prostate was greater than the increase from all cancers combined. The death rate from cancer of the lung and bronchus was greatest for males in the seventh decade of life, and for females in the eighth decade; thereafter the rate declined for both sexes. In Table 2 are listed some crude five-year survival rates, reported in 1960 (1). These rates pertain to cases diagnosed in 1950 and thereafter, so they include data on patients who had the benefit of the more recent refinements in surgical and x-ray techniques, and of education in early detection of cancer. From these data it is apparent that the over-all five-year failure rate for cancer of the breast was 50 per cent; of the ovary, 76 per cent; of the prostate, 76 per cent; of the esophagus, 98 per cent in males and 95 per cent in females; of the stomach, 92 per cent in males and 91 per cent in females; of the large intestine, 71 per cent in males and 65 per cent in females; and of the bronchus and lung, 96 per cent in males and 92 per cent in females. The observation in 1896 by Beatson (2) that bilateral oophorectomy resulted in marked regression of the tumor in 1 of 3 patients with advanced breast cancer was a forerunner of our knowledge of the role of hormones in the management of advanced cancer. Although hormone therapy currently is now widely employed in the treatment of prostatic and mammary carcinoma, it is usually of no value for other tumors. In Table 3 is a summary of the main types of hormone therapy (whether additive or ablative) and their limitations. The limitations of the surgical, radiologic and hormonal management of cancer leave the oncologist with a serious problem in therapy, which may be subdivided as follows: 1. Management of advanced metastatic cancer. 2. Treatment of so-called inoperable cancer. 3. Improvement of present cancer statistics.


This paper addresses the problem of testing the multivariate linear hypothesis when the errors follow an antedependence model (Gabriel, 1961, 1962). Antedependence can be formulated as a nonstationary autoregressive model of general order. Three test statistics are derived that provide analogs to three commonly used MANOVA statistics: Wilks' Lambda, the Lawley-Hotelling Trace, and Pillai's Trace. Formulas are given for each of these statistics that show how they can be obtained From any statistical computing package that calculates the usual MANOVA statistics. These antedependent statistics would be appropriate in analyzing certain multivariate data sets in which repeated measurements are taken on the same subjects over a period of time.


While automated experiments and high-throughput methods are becoming more mainstream in the age of data, empowering individual researchers to capture, collate, and contextualize their data faster and more reproducibly still remains a challenge in science. Despite the abundance of software products to help digitize and organize scientific information, their broader adoption in the scientific community has been hindered by the lack of a holistic understanding of the diverse needs of researchers and their experimental processes. In this work, we take a user-centered approach to understand what essential elements of design and functionality researchers (in chemical and materials science) want in an experimental data platform to address the problem of data capture in their experimental processes. We found that having the capability to contextualize rich, complex experimental datasets is the primary user requirement. We synthesize this and other key findings into design criteria for a potential solution.


The workflow technology is a new computer technology,information system that it supported has great flexibility. This article introduced workflow MIS and workflow's model by Petri, with a concrete instance, analyzed the workflow's model of building, management and controlling. Realized the model of WFMIS by Petri.


Capacitors and derivative devices continue to be as relevant as ever, both at the frontiers of scientific and technological research and in the development of commercial products. Central to such pursuits is the essential requirement that all aspects of the work done in charging or discharging capacitors are clearly understood. Surprisingly, there is a very significant disagreement among standard texts and journal publications regarding this topic. The present work elaborates a thorough analysis of energy changes in a capacitor medium in terms of thermodynamic work and its extension to the more general, electrostatic energy change. Our conclusions agree, for example, with those of Volker Heine, but not with texts by Pippard or Callen. We also note that electric and magnetic analogues are not equivalent.


This letter reports the high-performance ultraviolet (UV) Pd/ZnO Schottky photodiodes fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as seed layer. Electrophoretic deposition method has been used for the deposition of rGO layer on ITO substrate. A comparative study of Pd/ZnO devices with and without the rGO seed layer is carried out. The current–voltage (<italic>I–V</italic>) measurements of as-fabricated Schottky photodiodes having rGO as seed layer have shown responsivity ~1.32 A/W; which is around 26 times compared with responsivity ~0.05 A/W of a Pd/ZnO/ITO photodiode without rGO seed layer both measured at −2 V reverse bias voltage. Good contrast ratio (~74.91) and detectivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 2.49\times 10^{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mHz<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{1/2}\text{W}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are observed for rGO seed layer-based devices when the device is illuminated by an UV source of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 650~ \mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> output power at ~365 nm. Hence, this letter reports about utilizing rGO as seed layer for improving the performance of Pd/ZnO-based Schottky UV photodiodes.


Disclaimer This report or document (" the Report ") was prepared by AgResearch for the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (" ESR ") for the benefit of ESR. Neither AgResearch, ESR nor any of its employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for use of the Report or its contents by any other person or organisation.


It is a key issue how to control coverage,decrease energy consumption and prolong the lifecycle of network when the sensor nodes is in the highly dense distribution and in a certain coverage conditions.A distributive K covering algorithm is put forward.This algorithm can optimize the coverage under the guidance of relevant knowledge of greedy algorithm and geometric graphics.Mechanism shift by node state can decrease the network consumption efficiently and improve the coverage ability of nodes.The number of nodes can be optimized.The simulation experiment proves that this algorithm can prolong the lifecycle of the whole network at the least expense and has better adaptability and stability.


INTRODUCTION Tissue engineered articular cartilage substitutes with functional properties resembling native cartilage tissue are needed to survive the harsh joint-loading environment after implantation into damaged articular cartilage. Engineered cartilage grown in culture for 8 weeks in a clinically-relevant agarose hydrogel scaffold achieves both stiffness and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content comparable to native tissue. Developing functionally mature tissue within a shorter timeframe may help to increase their clinical use. We have previously reported that the addition of a second population of cells introduced in a co-culture setup with growing engineered cartilage constructs enhances tissue development via a paracrine signaling mechanism. In the current study, we investigate the dependence of this effect on the temporal application of the second population of cells as a means of optimizing their contribution to expediting engineered cartilage tissue formation in culture.


This study of 9605 community‐dwelling residents supports that vitamin D and calcium supplementation may prevent osteoporotic fractures in elderly in a northern European region known to be deficient in vitamin D, especially during winter periods.


The index properties of returned lunar soils from the United States Apollo and the Soviet Luna programs are reviewed. The scope of the paper includes lunar soil genesis, particle types, grain size distribution, grain shape distribution, specific gravity, minimum and maximum density, and relative density. The writers also present their own data for the latter three properties, as determined on three 1-gm submillimeter lunar samples taken on Apollo 14 and 15. The lunar soils are shown to be well-graded silty sands to sandy silts, composed of many different particle types (mineral fragments, glasses, agglutinates, basalts, and breccias) all produced primarily by meteorite impacts on the lunar surface. The specific gravity varies from 2.90 to 3.24 and the minimum and maximum bulk densities vary from 0.87 to 0.10 g/cm³ and from 1.51 to 1.89 g/cm³, respectively. The in situ lunar soil can have a low relative density at the surface, increasing rapidly to a very high relative density at depths greater than 10 to 20 cm.


The VOF model and its method of the application are presented in this paper.Three-dimensional free surface flow is solved numerically by using k-e turbulent model and piecewise linear interface construction.As an example,the water flow characteristics are analyzed in the hydraulic building-spillway.The calculated results are agreement with the measured data.It shows that VOF model can be used to track the free surface flow and applicable to numerical simulation of the water flow in the spillway.


A case of rheumatic heart disease is described in which salicylates repeatedly produced an acute respiratory illness characterised firstly by tachypnoea and later by high fever with clinical and radiological evidence of pulmonary oedema. There was never any evidence of cardiac failure during these acute episodes or at other times. Salicylate pulmonary oedema should always be considered as a possible alternative diagnosis to that of rheumatic pneumonia.


One of the solutions for organizations to succeed in highly competitive markets is to move toward emerging sciences. These areas provide many opportunities, but, if organizations do not meet requirements of emerging sciences, they may fail and eventually, may enter a crisis. In this matter, one of the important requirements is to develop suitable roadmaps in variety fields such as strategic, capability, product, technology and etc. In this subject, it should be mentioned that there are connections among types of roadmaps, therefore, organizations need to understand these relations. According to this, we propose a model which describes relations among the roadmaps based on braid theory and appropriate methods for developing those roadmaps. The validity of developed model was conducted through the Delphi method. Additionally, we illustrate a to design a roadmap and implement it in quantum computing as an emerging science.


July 1998 34 medicamundi The newly built Berlin-Marzahn Casualty Hospital came into service on 3 September 1997, under the joint responsibility of the Berlin regional government and the professional societies. Several years earlier, the important decision had already been taken that the hospital would operate with as little film and paper as possible, and that the Institute for Radiology would be totally digital. The order for the complete radiology department was entrusted to Philips.


Data for industrial structure and water resource of Beijing City from 2001 to 2012 was discussed in the paper. The relationship between the change of industrial structure of Beijing City and the sustainable utilization of water resource were obtained by analyzing the data trend,which can offer reference for sustainable utilization of water resource in Beijing City.


We show that applying the double-sided Feynman diagrams to systems with fast electronic dephasing opens up new possibilities for using this technique in resonance nonlinear optical spectroscopy. The novel potentials are including non-perturbative system-bath interactions (non-Markovian relaxation) and the summation of diagrams. The last procedure enables us to obtain new equations for a nonperturbative description of the light-matter interaction.


Dietary K+ load results in hyperkalemia, with consequent aldosterone release in order to stimulate K+ secretion in the distal nephron. The molecular mechanisms of this regulation are still not fully elucidated. Here, we aim to identify the role of the aldosterone induced SGK1 kinase and its target, the ubiquitin‐protein ligase NEDD4‐2 in the regulation of short and long term K+ secretion. To avoid the compensatory mechanisms which may mask the role of SGK1 and Nedd4‐2 during kidney development, we employed the previously described inducible nephron specific SGK1‐KO and Nedd4‐2‐KO mouse models in which a deletion of the target gene in renal tubules was observed. Our results indicate that short‐term K+ regulation (30 min to 2h) is not altered in SGK1 KO mice. However, these animals exhibit 35% decrease in urinary K+ excretion after 2 days of exposure to high K+ diet (5%) leading to hyperkalemia. Molecular analysis of WT and SGK1 KO mice after 2 days of HK diet revealed that the cleavage and the membrane localization of ENaC alpha and gamma subunits are decreased in the KO mice. On the same line, Nedd4‐2 phosphorylation was also decreased suggesting that NEDD4‐2 mediated internalization of ENaC is more active in mutant mice. Interestingly, when Nedd4‐2 KO mice were challenged by low K+ diet (<0.1%), they showed an abnormal ability to handle K+ deprivation. More specifically, they exhibit hypokalemia and urinary K+ loss likely mediated by increased ENaC activity as demonstrated by the increased membrane localization of alpha and gamma ENaC subunits. In conclusion, our data suggest that SGK1 and its target NEDD4‐2 control K+ homeostasis through the regulation of ENaC membrane localization


The use of beta-blocking agents against hypertension and their rapid extension in daily practice we have to consider the problem of anesthesia of a patient undergoing such treatment. Continuation of the treatment increases the operative risk, discontinuation long before the operation leaves the hypertension to reappear and discontinuation 48 hours before may lead to a coronary or arrhythmic accident. Therefore, except in case of emergency, treatment may be maintained until the day before the operation, and in case or emergency extensive atropinisation is desirable. Finally prescription of selective beta-blocking agents decreases the risks.


The second-order sliding mode control (SMC) can effectively weaken the chattering phenominon of conventional SMC.Backstepping design can ensure the asymptotic stability of system,but it has the problem of the "explosion of calculation" in the actual application.In order to simplify the controller,this paper proposes a method of second-order SMC based on backstepping.It can make the system not only to be asymptotically stable,but also to have strong robustness.Contraposing the time-variable,uncertain characteristics of parameters of anti-ship missile. the second-order SMC based on backstepping is adopted to design the control system.A simulation example is illustrated to prove that above method is very effective.


In the longstanding tradition of the IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC), for NSREC 2016, we are pleased to recognize the Outstanding Conference Paper, an Outstanding Data Workshop Presentation, and the best paper presented and first authored by an IEEE Student Member. In addition to recognizing authors for particularly high quality and relevant work, the awards process also encourages all authors to produce presentations and manuscripts of outstanding technical quality, clarity of presentation, and significance to the community.


This study aims to examine the influence of the ethical environment on the intention of conducting whistleblowing by using locus of control as a moderating variable. The model of analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression, samples in research ie SAMSAT staff in Pekanbaru and Rokan Hulu. The results showed that the ethical environment had a significant positive effect on the intention of doing whistleblowing and the locus of control variable could strengthen and weaken the relationship between the ethical environment and the intention to conduct whistleblowing.


Deuteron-deuteron fusions were claimed by a Brookhaven group to result from the impact on deuterated surfaces of clusters of 25 1350 D20 molecules with energy up to 300 keV. The collective motion in the impact region is tentatively assumed to be responsible for these fusion events. The number of involved atoms is of the order of 104, with a mean energy of some electron volts. The model is able to reproduce qualitatively the Brookhaven data ac cording to an Arrhenius plot, with an activation energy E* ~ 2 E o , where Eo is the hydrogen ionization energy. At this energy an activated precursor is postulated to be synthesized; it can tentatively be identified as the binuclear atom (D + — D +)2 e .


A group of 19 former heroin addicts, brought on the Methadone Maintenance and Treatment Program as outpatients, was studied for program performance. A variety of measurement methods were employed over a one-year period. Where possible, ambulatory group performance was compared to that of 37 hospital-induced (HI) patients in the same clinic. The setting was the outpatient department of a voluntary, teaching hospital in New York city. By any measure employed, ambulatory-induced (Al) patient performance was found to be relatively and absolutely satisfactory. The ambulatory induction method is recommended for similar settings to facilitate more rapid methadone management of potential program patients.


In modern warfare, securing time for preemptive response is recognized as an important factor of victory. The naval combat system, the core of naval forces, also strives to increase the effectiveness of engagement by improving its real-time information processing capabilities. As part of that, it is considered to use the TPR-tree in the naval combat system's target indexing because spatio-temporal searches can be performed quickly even as the number of target information increases. However, because the TPR-tree is slow to process updates, there is a limitation to handling frequent updates. In this paper, we present a method for improving the update performance of TPR-tree by applying the bottom-up update scheme, previously proposed for R-tree, to the TPR-tree. In particular, we analyze the causes of overlaps occurring when applying the bottom-up updates and propose ways to limit the MBR expansion to solve it. Our experimental results show that the proposed technique improves the update performance of TPR-tree from 3.5 times to 12 times while maintaining search performance.


In recent years, inconsistent space groups of monoclinic B1a1 and orthorhombic B2cb have been reported for the room-temperature ferroelectric phases of both Bi4Ti3O12 and lanthanide-substituted Bi4Ti3O12. In this article, the electron diffraction technique is employed to unambiguously clarify the crystal symmetries of ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12 and Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 single crystals at room temperature. All the reflections observed from the two crystals match well with those derived from B1a1, but the observed reflections 010, 030, {\overline 2}10 and {\overline 2}30 should be forbidden in the case of B2cb. This fact indicates that both the ferroelectrics are of the space group B1a1 rather than B2cb, which is confirmed by convergent-beam electron diffraction observations. On the basis of the monoclinic space group B1a1, the lattice parameters of both the ferroelectrics were calculated by the Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data.


During the reel-lay installation in deep water,large deformation occurs on the pipeline,leading to ovalization,instability or even local buckling.Ovality theory was established based on strain-energy method and Ritz method.Also,finite element analysis was employed by software,ABAQUS.The results obtained from the former procedures were compared with those from modified Brazier and modified von Karman,serving as a good verification of the former solution.In addition,intact and defective pipelines are separately simulated by ABAQUS,suggesting that ovality is subject to pipeline-diameter,wall-thickness,initial bending curvature and bending curvature,et al.The law between ovality and geometrical parameters is further obtained.The above research of ovality is of certain interest to reel-lay installation.


A design of FPGA -based platform for communication system is proposed,which uses two high -performance FPGA chips, high speed ADC and DAC.It provides a platform for the hardware design and software idea of the design for communication system.


During all phases of CFRP manufacturing, reworking and repair, deviations of composite components from nominal shape play a decisive role. The automation of conventional NC machining processes runs into limits here. These tasks can be accomplished with geometrically adaptive machining, as adaptation technology is used when components are shaped individually and hence NC machining with "fixed" NC programs is not feasible.


Disease suppression and plant growth promotion through seed bacterisation with fluorescent pseudomonadshas been achieved in many crop plants through the suppression of plant deleterious fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere (2,5,6). In the study we examined the efficiency of seed bacterisation with two fluorescent pseudomonad strains FPC 32 and FPO 4 on seed germination, plant growth, yield and disease suppression on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in soil infested with Aspergillus niger the causative organism of the collar rot disease of peanut. Fluorescent pseudomonad strains FPC 32 and FPO 4 were isolated from the rhizoplane of chilli (Capsicum spp. L.) and paddy (Oryza sativa L.) from Bhavnagar, Gujarat. Both these strains earlier showed plant growth promotion, yield and root colonization in bhindi, paddy and peanut (I). The collar rot pathogen Aspergillus niger ATCC 9029 was obtained from the culture collections of Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India. In vitro antagonism was studied by dual culture


Although decerebrate rats have been shown to retain appropriate gustatory reactivity: further studies suggest that they do not acquire conditioned taste aversions? These results suggest the possibility that forebrain input to medullary and/or pontine gustatory relays may be important for the modification of gustatory reactivity as a result of experience. Little is known, however, about the precise influence of this input on these caudal structures. Recent investigations of taste responses in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (the first central gustatory relay) in decerebrate rats have not reported changes in these responses as a result of this proced~re.'.~ The present experiment was designed to study the effects of decerebration on taste responses in the parabrachial nucleus of the pons (PbN), the second central gustatory relay. Male albino rats (350-500 g) were decerebrated at the supracollicular level under ketamine (40 mg/kg i.p.) and ether anesthesia and prepared for electrical recording in the PbN. Thereafter animals were maintained under flaxedil and artificially respirated. All wound edges were frequently inundated with lidocaine HC1, and heart rate and core temperature were monitored throughout the experiment. Sapid solutions of NaCl(O.l M), HCl(O.0 1 M), sucrose (0.5 M), Na saccharin (0.004 M) and quinine HC1 (0.01 M) were used as taste stimuli. Each trial consisted of a 10-second baseline, 10-second stimulus, 10-second wait and a 20-second rinse of distilled water. At least two minutes elapsed between trials. Gustatory responses from 32 parabrachial units in 13 decerebrate rats were recorded. The most striking result of this study was the observation of OFF responses in a subset of taste-responsive parabrachial units. These responses took the form of a brief ( 1-2 sec) increase in the firing rate that occurred following the cessation of the stimulus presentation (see FIG. 1). This increase often exceeded the magnitude of the initial transient portion of the taste response and was superimposed on the steady-state firing rate that occurred during the stimulus presentation. Six out of 21 OFF responses occurred in the absence of a response to the stimulus. OFF responses were recorded in 14 (44%) units to at least one stimulus. All four taste qualities were capable of producing OFF responses in these units: NaCl produced OFF responses in five units, HCl in seven units, sucrose and Na saccharin in six units, and QHCl in three units (see FIG. 2). However, within a given unit, OFF responses were most often selective to a subset of taste qualities: Nine units showed OFF responses to only one taste


This study examines how product placements in YouTube tutorials influence the attitude towards the tutorial and a purchase intention. Using the Source Credibility Theory, Social Comparison Theory, and the Halo Effect Theory, this study proposes a model which asses the influence of expertness, trustworthiness and attractiveness of YouTube influencer on the attitude towards the tutorial and thereby onto the purchase intention. The hypothesized model is tested using structural equation modeling. The results support the proposed model with a major impact of the construct of attractiveness. Accordingly YouTube tutorials are identified as an innovation capability for the competitiveness of national and global market participants and managerial implications are given.


Objective:To study the response of MSCs to a single period of mechanical strain and expression patterns of Ets-1,Cbfa1 and ALP after the mechanical stretch.Methods:MSCs from bone marrow were isolated from SD rats and cultured in vitro.A four-point bending apparatus were used to perform a single period of mechanical strain(40 min,2 000 μe) on MSCs to mimic a single activation of clinical distractor.Cell proliferation and ALP activity of MSCs were examined and the gene expression patterns of Ets-1,Cbfa1 and ALP were detected by SYBR Green quantitive real-time RT-PCR technique.Results:Cell proliferation,ALP activity and expression of Ets-1,Cbfa1 and ALP were all significantly up-regulated in stretched cells when compared with control group.Ets-1 increased immediately after mechanical loading and reached top expression level at 0.5 h.However,Cbfa1 increased later and got top expression at 6 h after mechanical loading.The expression pattern of ALP was similar to that of Cbfa1.Transcription increases of the three genes all returned to control level within 6 to 12 h.Conclusion:The mechanical strain can induce time-dependent expression increase of Ets-1,Cbfa1 and ALP which in turn drive transient osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.Mechanical stimulus is a key stimulator for osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and vital for bone formation in distraction osteogenesis


Objective:To compare the effectiveness of locking compression plate combined with three different bone grafts autogenous bone,allogeneic bone,and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) composite bone for radius and ulna fracture nonunion.Method:From December 2009 to December 2013,62 cases of eligible of radius and ulna fracture nonunion were randomly treated with autogenous bone(group A,n=22),allogeneic bone(group B,n=23),and BMP composite bone(group C,n=17).The cure rate after 12 months and the Anderson good rate of forearm fractures were compared among 3 groups at different time points.Result:All patients of 3 groups were followed up at least 12 months.The cure rate of groups A and B was signifcantly different( X2=5.494,P 0.05),but no significant diference was found between groups A,C and B,C(P0.05).The Anderson good rate was compared at same period:There were significant difference between the group A and B of each time period(P0.05),but no significant difference was found between groups A and C; at 6th and 12 th months after operation,there was significant difference between the group B and C(P0.05).Conclusion:The effect of BMP composite bone is equivalent to that of autogenous bone graft in treating nonunion of radius and ulna fracture,and they are better than allogeneic bone graft.


Huge strain capacity of SHCC under tensile stress can be reached by multiple crack formation, while the cracks remain bridged by fibers. Under protective conditions the full strain capacity can be used in practice. In this contribution it is shown that even at comparatively modest imposed strain cracks are formed, which may transport water and ions dissolved in water deep into structural elements made of SHCC. One way to reduce water penetration into cracked SHCC has been investigated, the use of an integral water repellent cement-based matrix. It is shown that in this way water penetration is significantly reduced and hence durability is increased.


Aim: Lack of location specific information on nutrition requirement and planting geometry needs of Bt cotton hybrids is creating confusion among farmers. Growing Bt hybrids with traditional knowledge or to try different combinations of nutrition and planting geometries is often non-remunerative. Therefore, studies were initiated to find out the optimum combination of planting geometry and nutritional level for better yield to be advocated among farmers. Methodology: A field experiment comprising of 4 planting geometries (PG1 :67.5 cm x 60 cm, PG2: 67.5 cm x 75 cm, PG3:100 cm x 45 cm and PG4: 100 cm x 60 cm) in main and 3 nutrient levels {NL1 :150:30:50:25 (N: P :K :Zn in kg ha-1), NL2:150:40:20:24 and NL3 :175:60:60:25} in sub plots of split plot design was conducted during 2016 and 2017 at Faridkot. Results: Among planting geometries, PG3 (3303 kg ha-1) recorded the highest seed cotton yield (SCY), while PG4 (2728 kg ha-1) recorded least despite highest bolls per plant. Though nutrition levels varied non-significantly for SCY, yet NL2 exhibited better fertilizer use efficiency (FUE), i.e., 13.64, indicative of its advantages over NL1 (11.93) and NL3 (9.77). Interpretation: Thus, based on the present study a PG of 67.5x75 cm and NL of 150:40:20:24 ( N: P :K :Zn in kg ha-1) is recommended. Productivity indices as well as economic parameters elucidate that nutrition rates could be further reduced by 86 kg ha-1 (i.e., 25:20:40:1 kg of N, P, K and Zn) which amount to 33 $ ha-1 from what farmers (NL3) are applying, without any yield loss. Present findings can reduce fertilizer cost and could save 0.13 million ton of fertilizer in ~1.54 million ha of north India alone.


RNA molecules play critical roles in the cells of organisms, including roles in gene regulation, catalysis, and synthesis of proteins [1]. Since their functions largely depend on their folded structures, having accurate and efficient methods for RNA structure prediction is increasingly valuable. A number of computational approaches have been developed to predict RNA secondary structure. There have been some recent advances for two of these approaches, namely Minimum Free Energy (MFE) and Maximum Expected Accuracy (MEA) [2, 3]. The main goals of this thesis are twofold: 1) to empirically analyze the accuracy (i.e. the number of correctly predicted base pairs) of the MFE and MEA algorithms in different energy models and 2) to estimate the free energy parameters specifically for the MEA by using the constraint generation (CG) approach [2]. We present new results on the degree to which different factors influence the prediction accuracy MFE and MEA. The factors that we consider are: structural information that is provided in addition to RNA sequence, thermodynamic parameters, and data set size. Structural information significantly increases the accuracy of these methods. The relative performance of MFE and MEA changes according to the free energy parameters used; however, both have the best performance when they use Andronescu et al.'s BL* parameter set [2]. Having bigger data sets results in less variation in prediction accuracy of the MFE and MEA algorithms. Furthermore, we try to find better free energy parameters for the MEA algorithm. For our purpose, we adapt the CG approach so that it specifically


D the fall of 1998, I took part in an experimental learning community involving my introduction to American politics class, "The American Political System" (POLS001). Robert Hariman, professor of rhetoric and mass communication, and Ronald Troyer, dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, also participated. We judged it to be a success and we repeated it in the fall of 1999. In this article I report on that experiment, detailing what went well with it and what did not, and also make some observations about how what I learned while participating in this experiment might help me better design and conduct more "typical" introductory American politics classes. Calls for improving undergraduate education by creating "learning communities" have been common since the early 1990s.' This phrase seems to mean something different to everyone who discusses it, but the common goal of learning community organizers is to bring students together in ways that will broaden their educational experience and make their classes more than a series of requirements they meet on their way to a degree. The literature on learning communities is growing rapidly, as are attempts to create them. Researchers with experience in learning communities have argued that such programs can help with retention, meet general education objectives, foster student success, and bring coherence to student class schedules (Matthews


This paper introduces the background of capital operation in the national beer market.The competition between Gansu Lanzhou Huanghe beer Enterprise Co.and Gansu Nongken Beer co,the failure of their combination,and the capital reunion shows the nature and law of capital operation,and the capital operation is the important means to change the market structure and competition forms.


Previously ankylosed or surgically arthrodesed hip joints can be converted successfully to a total hip replacement (THR) in order to improve patient mobility and function. We present a long term prospective cohort study of cementless revisions of previously ankylosed hips. Sixteen hips (15 patients) with a mean age of 52 years (range 16 to 75) had ankylosed hips for a mean of 36 years (range 3.5 to 65 years). They all received a cementless THR between August 1988 and January 2003 and were prospectively followed-up for a mean of 11 years (range 5.0 to 19 years). Two patients died during the study period of unrelated causes and none were lost to follow-up. All patients showed improved mobility and function following the conversion of their ankylosed hips. The Harris Hip Score improved from a pre-operative mean value of 70 (Standard Error of Mean (SEM) 3.4) to a post-operative value of 83 (SEM 4.4) at the latest review, which was statistically significant (p There was one acetabular cup revision at 5 years post implantation for aseptic loosening. At a mean of 11 years post THR, all other femoral and acetabular components remained clinically and radiographically well fixed. One patient with systemic ankylosing spondylitis and spontaneous bilateral bony hip ankylosis developed the unusual complication of Paget's disease of the left hemipelvis and proximal femur two years after successful bilateral THR surgery. His symptoms resolved following medical therapy for Paget's disease. We conclude that a previously ankylosed hip can be effectively converted to a cementless total hip replacement with good long term results.


Objective To clone the major outer membrane antigen gene omp M of Legionella pneumophila, to construct recombinant plasmid pLPM and to dete ct its expre ssion in prokaryotic cell strain JM109.Methods The ompM gene fr o m Legionella pneumophila was amplified with PCR. The PCR product was cloned into pUC18 vector a nd ompM expressed in JM109. After that, the expression of JM109 of ompM gene was det ected with SDS-PAGE. Results The ompM gene of 773bp was amplif ied, the recombin ant plasmid pLPM constructed and protein of 25 kDa expressed in JM109.C onclusion The ompM gene was amplified, the recombinant plasmid pLPM cons tructed and its expression detected in prokaryotic cell successfully.


A suitable solar parabolic dish collector cooker has been constructed and evaluated under Yola climatic conditions using the international standard procedures for the evaluation of solar parabolic cookers. The optical efficeincy of the collector has been found to be about 17.86%, the overall heat loss coefficent of 8.896 WKm and the adjusted cooking power that measures its performance has been found to be 96.53 W. The parabolic solar dish collector cooker can be used by families for cooking in Yola to minimize the purchase of other cooking fuels for at least cooking the afternoon meals.


Much of the Pacific Rim, including most of North America west of the Rocky Mountains and much southern Alaska, is made up of a series of allochthonous accreted terranes. Alaskan accreted terranes contain Paleozoic and Mesozoic carbonate rocks with numerous paleogeographic affinities. Difficulties in determining the paleogeographic positions of these accreted terranes hinder our ability to decipher the tectonic history of Alaska. Carbonate-producing organisms are particularly sensitive to climate and oceanographic conditions and therefore are significant indicators of biogeography, paleogeography, and oceanography. This study provides detail on the stratigraphy and petrography of a Permian limestone unit from the allochthonous Chulitna terrane in southcentral Alaska and provides insight into the paleogeography and tectonic history of the terrane.


This article describes the method for designing a external pressure vessel shell,the calculation for maximum distance of the stiffeners,the method for determining sectional size of the stiffeners,the method for quickly calculation of the stiffeners and the program calculation for the external pressure vessel shell.


This review provides a state-of-the-art summary of distributed zeolite technology, as well as identifying strategies to further promote the absorption of these materials in various areas of study. Zeolites are materials that can be synthesized or found in natural rock deposits a with a basic composition consisting in Al, Si, and O. Zeolite's consideration as a future material is due to many facile synthesis methods to obtain different structures with variations in pore size, surface area, pore volume and physical properties. These methods are developed using the control of relevant synthesis parameters that influences structure formation, such as crystallization temperature, time of aging and/or crystallization, stoichiometric relationships between components of synthesis gel, pH of the medium, and in some cases the type of structure-directing agent. Each method will lead to geometric changes in the framework formation, making possible the formation of typical chemical bonds that are the fingerprint of any zeolitic structure (O-Si-O and Al-O-Si), forming typical acid sites that give specificity in zeolite and allows it to act as a nanoreactor. The specificity is a characteristic that in some cases depends on selectivity, a fundamental property derived of the porosity, mostly in processes that occur inside the zeolite. In processes outside the structure, the surface area is the main factor influencing this property. Moreover, there are many natural sources with adequate chemical composition to be used as precursors. Some of these sources are waste, minimizing the deposition of potential hazardous materials that can be recalcitrant pollutants depending on the environment. Besides its uses as a catalyst, zeolite serves as a support for many bioprocesses; therefore, this review aims to explain relevant aspects in chemical nature, physical properties, main methods of synthesis, main precursors used for synthesis, and relevant applications of zeolites in chemical catalysis and biological processes.


From the title of this article one might be excused for thinking that it was published in the 'fun' Christmas issue of the British Medical Journal. Although it was published in this printed form on the 4 February 2006, its electronic form was available on the 23 December 2005. The fact that the editors were prepared to publish it in the Research Section means that it must have survived critical scrutiny. Hence, otolaryngologists that manage adult patients with sleep apnoea and snoring should attention to it as a potentially important study with management implications.


The growth rates of borax crystals from aqueous solutions in the (010) direction at various flow rates were measured. The observed variations of the growth rate can be represented by a normal distribution. It was found that there is no correlation between growth rate distribution and solution flow under these experimental conditions.


For every integer n ≥ 2 we define the Fibonacci class of degree 2 of 2-generated groups, and study certain properties of this class. Our method of study is applicable for the groups with more than two generators. This investigation is indeed an application of FLA(G), the well-known Fibonacci length of the finite group G = � A� , where A = {a1,a2,...,ak}.


The background of MDEA solution domesticalize was analyzed,and the solution formulation and purification technology of gas was unification.It must be careful consideration for the solution domesticalize due to the solution performance and quality produced in China.Based on the four factories experiences,it was pointed out that there was an opportunity for the cooperation between factory and research organization.This plan should be implemented on the detail design, models and pilot plants.


The technology is regarded as a materialization of the human reflection in the certain period of history. The invention, being the driving power of technology, is the embodiment of the new, the shift of the subject's boundaries of cognition and/or potential. In line with the development of the concept of invention in philosophy, the technology was understood in different ways by Platonic, Constructivist and transcendental-semiotic systems. This article speculates on the opposition of the notions "discovery" and "invention" in the philosophy of I. Kant, P.K. Engelmeyer, Fr. Dessauer, I.I. Lapshin. The invention is analysed with the "triact" approach that includes the new idea genesis; its manifestation in a plan, drawing or scheme; production of the new object as a result. The process of invention is the sequential performance of the three human abilities for form-creation: the homo investigator creates the idea, the homo inventor designs the form, the homo faber embodies the object. The method of semiotic modeling used in this research is based on Ch.S. Pierce' and Ch.W. Morris' ideas, describing the invention process as an interaction of quality, relation and expression or semantic, syntactic and pragmatic rules. As a result, the invention process is presented as the transcendental-semiotic scheme consisting of nine types of the rules, each with the potential for boundary shift. Two types of semiotic representation of the invention process are distinguished. The schematic representation is a non-critical implication of Pierce' ontological categories in the transcendental concept of knowledge and action. The complex representation includes the modeling of each stage of "triact", both in receptive and projective aspects, based on the notions of the "firstness", "secondness" and "thirdness", and their analysis as the sum of their quality, relation and expression.


Computational fluid dynamics can effectively shorten the time to achieve optimum design in a wide range of thermal-process applications by simulating many different scenarios.


With the methods of documentary,observation and result statistics,the paper makes a comparative analysis between the Harbin "Sun island Cup"2007 Asian roller skating marathon Championship China national roller skating marathon open competition.It discovers that the athletic ability among Chinese male skaters is very different and the male and female skaters generally have the problem of sprint ability.At last,it gives some suggestion about the keystone for the future training.


The impact of an extended silicon tracker and a forward muon tagger on the measurement of the W±W± j j vector boson scattering process is evaluated in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 14 TeV at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Simulated events with two leptons of the same electric charge, missing transverse momentum, and at least two jets are analysed. The gain in significance and precision obtained with tracking, electron, and muon reconstruction extended up to |η | ≤ 4 is reported, with respect to the current coverage of |η | ≤ 2.7.


As advanced error correction codes (ECC) which support soft decoding is suggested to use in the future NAND flash memories, the requirement of sensing and transferring multi-bit soft information from the flash cells to controller will incur a large read access latency. This paper proposes to exploit the lossless compressibility of files in LDPC coded NAND flash memories to reduce such latency overhead, other than saving storage space as in conventional practice. The key idea is to apply run-time lossless data compression to enable an opportunistic use of a stronger LDPC code with more coding redundancy, and trade such opportunistic extra error correction capability to allow more coarser-grained memory sensing and hence lead to less read response speed overhead without sacrificing the overall performance. Since the basic operation of NAND flash is typically realized in the unit of page (e.g., 4KB user data per page in the current NAND flash), we only apply this strategy to each individual page independently in order to be completely transparent to the firmware, operating systems and users. This paper quantitatively studies the effectiveness of this design strategy in 2bits/cell NAND flash memories. Results in the case study show that with this design strategy, up to 95.24% on-chip memory sensing latency reduction and 66.67% flash-to-controller data transfer latency can be achieved respectively.


A large amount of oyster-shell waste has been illegally disposed at oyster farm sites along the southern coast of Korea, which already created serious environmental problems. Therefore, the study was undertaken to increase the consumption of oyster shell meal as a soil amendment. The effects of oyster shell meal on dynamics of heavy metals and uptake of heavy metals by spring Chinese cabbage were evaluated in silt loam soil (in Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, Korea), where 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 Mg oyster-shell meal fertilizer were added. Lime treatment (2 Mg ) was selected as a control. In the results of this study, cabbage yields were increased by increasing levels of oyster-shell meal fertilizer. With increasing levels of oyster-shell meal fertilizer, total heavy metals concentrations were not significant among treatments. However, 0.1N HCl extractable heavy metals concentration was significantly reduced due to increasing of soil pH. A lot of portion (ca. ) heavy metals fraction of all fractions was residual phase in soil after harvesting. The contents of Cu, Mo, Zn in cabbage were slightly increased by increasing levels of oyster shell meal fertilizer. However, there were no toxic symptoms of heavy metals during cultivation. Conclusively, it was estimated that oyster shell fertilizer could be a good amendment to increase productivity of crop and reduce uptake of heavy metals by crop and mobility of heavy metals in soil.


Fire spread models have a long history, and their use will continue to grow as they evolve from a research tool to an operational tool. This paper describes a new method to analyse two-dimensional fire spread modeling errors, particularly to quantify the uncertainties of fire spread predictions. Measures of error are defined from the respective spread distances of the actual and simulated fires at specified points around their perimeters. A ratio error provides a correction factor for the spread model bias. The characteristics of the error are defined by a probability model, which is used to construct error bounds on fire spread predictions. The method is applied to the Bee Fire, which burned 3848 ha on the San Bernardino National Forest, California, in summer 1996. The study focused on the early, presuppression stages of the fire. A mesoscale spectral model was used to simulate weather conditions on a grid interval of 2 km. The FARSITE system was used to simulate fire growth during the first 105 min of the fire. The case study showed how difficult fire spread modeling is under the conditions presented by the Bee Fire.


We are concerned by some of the guidance offered in Atkinson and colleagues' clinical review of pain management and sedation for children in the emergency department—specifically, the use of intravenous anaesthetic induction agents ketamine (and propofol and midazolam) by "appropriately trained" doctors in doses (2 mg/kg for ketamine) sufficient to induce general anaesthesia in unfasted children.1 Healthcare …


Isophthalic acid,an intermediate with wide developing prospects,is mainly used for unsaturated polyester resin,PET polyester resin and alkyd resin.Six kinds of preparing technology of isophthalic acid,such as m-xylene sulfur oxidation process,isophthalonitrile hydrolytic method,nitric acid oxidation process,Chevron process,potassium permanganate oxidation process,air oxidation process,and their mechanisms in liquid phase are reviewed.A method that green oxidant potassium ferrate oxidizes m-xylene to synthesis isophthalic acid is also put forward.


A line transversal of a family S of n pairwise disjoint convex objects is a straight line meeting all members of S. A geometric permutation of S is the pair of orders in which members of S are met by a line transversal, one order being the reverse of the other.In this note we consider a long-standing open problem in transversal theory, namely that of determining the largest number of geometric permutations that a family of n pairwise disjoint convex objects in Rd can admit. We settle a restricted variant of this problem. Specifically, we show that the maximum number of those geometric permutations to a family of n > 2 pairwise disjoint convex objects that are induced by lines passing through any fixed point is between K(n - 1, d - 1) and K(n,d - 1), where K(n,d) = Σd<inf>i=0</inf> (n-1/i) = Θ(nd) is the number of pairs of antipodal cells in a simple arrangement of n great (d - 1)-spheres in a d-sphere. By a similar argument, we show that the maximum number of connected components of the space of all lines transversal through a fixed point to a family of n > 2 possibly intersecting convex objects is K(n, d - 1). Finally, we refute a conjecture of Sharir and Smorodinsky on the number of neighbor pairs in geometric permutations and offer an alternative conjecture which may be a first step towards solving the aforementioned general problem of bounding the number of geometric permutations.


This report summarizes the Sandia National Laboratories Quality Assurance Program that applies to non-weapon (reimbursable) Radioisotopic Thermoelectric Generators. The program has been implemented over the past 16 years on power supplies used in various space and terrestrial systems. The quality assurance (QA) activity of the program is in support of the Department of Energy, Office of Space Nuclear Projects. Basic elements of the program are described in the report and examples of program decumentation are presented.


This is the seventh update alert for a living rapid review (1) on the use of masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in health care and community settings. The first 3 updates (2–4) were monthly, after which the interval was switched to bimonthly (5, 6). After the last update (7), done through 2 June 2021, the interval was extended to biannually. For this update, searches were done from 3 June to 2 December 2021 using the same search methods as the original review. Inclusion was restricted to randomized trials and observational studies that controlled for confounders. Non–peer-reviewed studies were excluded unless they were based on data collected after February 2021, when the Delta variant emerged. The update searches identified 1554 citations. One preprint study (8) done in a health care setting and 6 studies (9–14) done in community settings (including 1 new cluster randomized trial) (9) on masks and SARS-CoV-2 infection met inclusion criteria for this update (Supplement Tables 1 to 3).


An optimization procedure based on molecular dynamics and energy minimization constrained by distances from NOE measurements has been developed to derive and analyze peptide conformations. This procedure readily folds a peptide from its fully-extended conformation to an ensemble of conformers satisfying the distance constraints and, in the process, makes self-consistent chiral assignments of pro-chiral protons with split resonances. Statistical analysis of the ensemble yields families with similar overall backbone conformations and reveals which segments of the peptide chain have well-defined single conformations. CD spectroscopy gives percentages of secondary structure in accord with the well-defined segments from the optimization. The structure of the 73-residue blood complement protein porcine CSa(des-Arg) was determined by a combination of model building. NMR data and the molecular dynamics optimization procedure. The protein structure is a bundle of four a-helices; the C-terminal eight residues are completely disordered in solution. The four-helix bundle forms readily in the molecular dynamics optimization starting from a fully-extended chain without any constraints for the disulfide linkages.


This paper presents some results of a study of 1683 injured people, treated at a medical centre in Croatia between 1987 and 1991, after being seriously injured in road traffic accidents. 71.3% of the injured were male, and 15.1% were children. The average age group of the adult injured was 40 to 49 years. Most of the injured people had consumed alcohol. These cases included polytrauma (56%), head and brain injuries (19%), and multiple injuries (10.3%). Correlations were analysed between: (1) alcoholism and type and severity of injury; (2) type of injury, type of road user (driver, passenger or pedestrian) and vehicle type. 59.9% of the accidents were caused directly or indirectly by alcohol. Other psychophysical conditions of the patients included: (1) driving errors in road traffic; (2) insufficient knowledge and driving experience; (3) diseases; and (4) fatigue. These conditions were less often found than alcoholism. The motorcycle drivers and pedestrians had polytrauma with life-threatening injuries. The car drivers were more addicted to alcohol. More and more young, alcoholised people were found in road traffic trauma; this is a very serious social problem. For the covering abstract see IRRD 866577.


This paper reports on the development of a collocation extraction system that is designed within a commercial machine translation system in order to take advantage of the robust syntactic analysis that the system offers and to use this analysis to refine collocation extraction. Embedding the extraction system also addresses the need to provide information about the source language collocations in a system-specific form to support automatic generation of a collocation rulebase for analysis and translation.


Objective To investigate the present situation of iodine deficiency disorder after a twenty-year prevention and cure in the city of Guangze. Methods Using PPS sampling and randomized cluster sampling method, the investigation was undertaken. Results Thyroid swelling rate of children decreased from 56.41% to 3.92%. The median of urine iodine was 306.5 μg/L; Iodized salt covered 96.11% of people. 90.28% of the household consumed qualified iodized salt. There was no new endemic disease patient ever since the second year of supplying iodized salt. Conclusions The percentage of eating qualified iodized salt, thyroid swelling rate and the median of urine iodine of children in the city of Guangze reach the standard of eliminating iodine deficiency disorder, thus the anticipated goal of eliminating endemic disease is achieved.


A successful and promising device for the physical implementation of electron spin-valley based qubits is the Transition Metal Dichalcogenide monolayer (TMD-ML) semiconductor quantum dot. The electron spin in TMD-ML semiconductor quantum dots can be isolated and controlled with high accuracy, but it still suffers from decoherence due to the unavoidable coupling with the surrounding environment, such as nuclear spin environments. A common tool to investigate systems like the one considered in this work is the density matrix formalism by presenting an exact master equation for a central spin (spin-qubit) system in a time-dependent and coupled to a nuclear spin bath in terms of hyperfine interaction. The master equation provides a unified description of the dynamics of the central spin. Analyzing this in more detail, we calculate fidelity loss due to the Overhauser field from hyperfine interaction in a wide range number of nuclear spins $\mathcal{N}$.


A bill receiving/paying device (1) and an automated cash transaction apparatus (101), by which bills of different sizes are dealt and by which charging and recovery can be made together, are provided. A charging/recovery box (8) capable of storing and discharging the bills of different sizes in an intermixed state are provided in the bill receiving/paying device (1) to solve the problems involved in the prior art. For example, in the case of charging, the bills of different sizes stored in the charging/recovery box (8) in the intermixed state are paid out onto a conveyance path (5) to go through a bill discrimination portion (3) so as to be discriminated thereby with respect to kinds thereof to be stored in the storage/discharge boxes (7) every kind of bills, so that the bills packed in the charging/recovery box (8) can be charged together in the bill receiving/paying device (1).


Amorphous Ti/Si superlattices have been prepared by electron beam evaporation. These superlattices exhibit electronic and photoelectronic properties which can be used in a variety of different types of devices. The photovoltaic output from this structure is greatly enhanced by deposition on Si substrates with electrical contacts made only to the superlattice film. The mechanism for the photovoltaic signals and illustrations of different types of devices are discussed.


In a vehicle occupant restraint system comprising a gas bag (12) and an inside of the gas bag (12) arranged gas generator (14), the gas generator (14) exclusively via the gas bag (12) having a vehicle-fixed component (28).


Concrete and cementitious composites have far been the main and most widely used construction materials throughout the world due to their outstanding features, such as high structural properties, accessibility, and relative low production costs. However, these materials are prone to degradation caused either by automatic cracking or external excitations, which leads to structural degradation. The increasing concern for maintaining safety and enhancing durability of cement composite structures has led to development of several smart self-healing techniques by researchers. Regarding the diversity of these methods, this study aims to provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art technologies in self-healing concrete. For this purpose, the methods are divided into two general categories: autogenous and autonomous self-healing, each of which are subdivided into different methods. The basic principles and influencing factors as well as the main advantages and challenges of these techniques are discussed. Finally, general conclusions are drawn and some suggestions for future advances are presented.


This paper describes our approach for KDD Cup 2010. The approach we used is to utilize a stochastic optimization in knowledge tracing and also introduce a new indicator variable, "luck". In order to compute the general probability about student's understanding of a particular problem, we use exponential moving average to give more weighting to the recent results. In addition, we also taking into account several strategies to combine several knowledge components in parallel.


The invention relates to the field of supply systems of chemicals in the producing and using process, in particular to a pipeline system capable of automatically supplying the chemicals in the producing and using process. The pipeline system comprises a control system, a liquid infusion bucket, a liquid supply tank, control valve bodies, a magnetic valve, a pipeline system body capable of generating negative pressure, an upper level hydraulic sensor and a lower level hydraulic sensor. The liquid supply tank is provided with a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, a gas inlet and a gas outlet, opening and closing of the liquid inlet, the liquid outlet, the gas inlet and the gas outlet are controlled by the corresponding control valve body respectively, and the control valve bodies are connected with the magnetic valve respectively. The liquid infusion bucket is connected with the liquid inlet in the liquid supply tank through a liquid pipeline. The pipeline system body capable of generating negative pressure is connected with the gas outlet in the liquid supply tank through a gas pipeline. The upper level hydraulic sensor and the lower level hydraulic sensor are arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the liquid supply tank respectively. The upper level hydraulic sensor, the level hydraulic sensor and the magnetic valve are connected with the control system. According to the pipeline system, production continuity of equipment and safety of non-manual automatic supply of the dangerous chemicals can be guaranteed.


The aim of this paper is to analyze the regulation of collective dismissals or redundancies for economic reasons in the Spanish justice system from the perspective of the role of the work center. Specifically, the study focuses on those more recent issues analysed by Spanish courts: the role of the work center in regard to the scope of the economic reasons, the computation unit of number of affected workers and the consultation with workers' representatives. The purpose of the study is to determine the adequacy and consistency of the role of the work center in relation to these three issues. The study leads to the conclusion that there are inconsistencies between the scope of the economic cause, the computation unit and work center bargaining. Title: Collective dismissal due to economic reasons and work center. Inconsistencies between the scope of the economic reasons and the computation unit with work center bargaining Palabras clave: despido colectivo, causas económicas, técnicas, organizativas o de producción, período de consultas, representantes trabajadores, centro de trabajo.


Many twenty-first century educational discourses focus on including and empowering independent learners. Within the context of five self-assessment models, this article evaluates how these practices relate to the realities of student involvement, empowerment and voice. A proposed new classification of these self-assessment models is presented and theories of power and student voice are utilised to build on the limited existing literature that examines issues of power in self-assessment. The results of the evaluations show that the standard self-assessment model, which has been the default model since the 1930s, is the least empowering for students and also detrimental to producing a dialogic forum with tutors. The other models are far more conducive to permitting a shared understanding of assessment protocols, processes and products and therefore potentially lead to more equitable and transparent assessment communities. The value of this study is that it helps to clarify the possible implications and impacts resulting from the use of each self-assessment model in order to make an informed choice, which will also support the alignment of assessment practices with learning and teaching and curriculum choices.


LI, ZHENG. Airflow and Micro-Particle Transport and Deposition in Realistic Lung Airways including the Alveolar Region. (Under the direction of Dr. Clement Kleinstreuer). People may inhale 100 millions of particles each day, including toxic particulate matter as well as drug aerosols. Some of those deposited in the respiratory system can be either harmful or therapeutic to humans depending upon the particle material, deposition site, and local concentration. These transport and deposition phenomena as well as the resulting biomedical processes are greatly determined by the airflow field, particle properties, breathing pattern, and geometric airway characteristics. Realistic models of tracheobronchial and nasal/oraltracheobronchial airways were built. Airflow and particle transport and deposition in these airway models were investigated in detail by mainly using the validated, in-house FORTRAN code CFPD (computational fluid-particle dynamics), which is a cell-centered, finite volume multiblock code. Both laminar and transitional-turbulent-laminar flows were considered for different transient and steady inhalation flow rates and inlet velocity profiles. The resulting effects of transients, upstream conditions and geometric characteristics, i.e., spatial angle and/or cartilaginous rings, are fully discussed. A new code based on the lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) has been developed and validated to investigate airflow patterns and pressure changes in representative alveolar structures of the human respiratory zone. The new idea of targeted drug aerosol delivery technology was numerically tested for a more realistic human airway configuration and thereby addressing the problem of intersubject variability. Specifically, controlled air-particle streams were studied using the oral and asymmetric tracheobronchial airway models. The results were compared with data obtained for a symmetric Weibel Type A tracheobronchial airway model. AIRFLOW AND MICRO-PARTICLE TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION IN REALISTIC LUNG AIRWAYS INCLUDING THE ALVEOLAR REGION by ZHENG LI A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING


WT5BZ]The experiment of planting density of new cultivar 8924 of soybean indicated that in the different densities, the new cultivar 8924 of soybean has different degrees of difference in the growth period, form character,and yield constitution factors. It has strong resistance to lodging and strong density resistant. In the condition of 16667 plants·666.7m -2 ,the yield of 8924 is 226.99 kg·666.7m -2 ,which is the highest. [WT5HZ]


This journal suppl. contain abstracts of: The 12th APFPM Meeting ; The 2nd Joint Symposium on Pharmacology of Chinese Pharmacological Society and British Pharmacological Society ; The 2013 Joint Meeting of Pharmacology of Chinese Pharmacological Society and Hong Kong Pharmacology Society and The 12th Conference of Chinese Pharmacological Society


OBJECTIVE
To examine the five key stages which comprise the essential elements of acute stroke care using thrombolytics. This paper will discuss the stages of acute stroke triage in Calgary, Alberta at the Foothills Medical Centre, Five primary target goals are addressed in addition to discussion of how these goals were met in a medical teaching centre.


Android is open source mobile platform and growing popularity for smartphones and tablets. This paper discuss about DRM (Digital Rights Management) technology on Android. This paper will cover brief introduction to DRM, DRM Architecture on Android, and current constraints in security and solution for DRM implementation on Android. We will also cover use cases like downloading the DRM content, decrypting and previewing the DRM images, decrypting and decoding the audio/video DRM content, sharing and listing of DRM applications etc.


The invention relates to a new method of a representation battery. The new method comprises a controller C, a current source D, a sampling circuit L and a battery B. The controller C controls the current source D and charges the battery B, collects voltage and current of the battery B through the sampling circuit, according to the current and charging time, the battery charging capacity is calculated, whether the voltage of the battery reaches the normal voltage is detected, in other words, when the current of the battery begins to decline, the charged battery capacity is noted as the battery constant current stage capacity, and the charging continues. When the current declines to 10% of the initial current, the whole charging capacity is noted, and the percentage of the battery constant current stage capacity over the whole charging capacity is calculated, and the parameter is used for representing the battery.


A stable path to high-beta plasmas is investigated for an inward-shifted LHD configuration. An improvement of Mercier stability is observed due to the nonlinear saturation of the resistive interchange modes. For this study, a multi-scale numerical scheme is used. In this scheme, the beta value is increased by adding a small pressure increment to the background pressure. We focus on the dependence of the Mercier stability on the profile of the pressure increment. It is found that the total pressure profile approaches a profile marginally stable to the Mercier criterion when the pressure increment has a fixed profile.


Based on ASP.NET(C#) and ADO.NET technology,Chongqing Air Quality Daily Report website publishing has achieved a dynamic website management,the past five years running of the system proved stable and efficient,the article on air quality daily report processes and web publishing system development principle,the system features,design and safety measures were introduced,practice shows that the structural design of the database in the system development process is essential.


A systematic decrease in heart rate when anticipating an important stimulus or when preparing to react is called anticipatory bradycardia. Numerous studies have shown that the initiation of motor activity prompts the termination of anticipatory bradycardia in reaction time tasks. However, in experiments with procedures based on more complex reactions, the termination of anticipatory bradycardia is delayed until later cardiac cycles. This unexpected effect may be attributed to perceptual processes that are engaged in the feedback mechanism essential for effectiveness in prolonged and complex motor reactions. The experiment presented in this article was carried out to verify the hypothesis that the initiation of a motor reaction, when processed simultaneously with sustained attentive perception, does not evoke acceleration of heart rate. The experimental task was a simulated shooting at a moving target. The procedure in the experimental group induced participants to attentively observe events before and aft...


Double-wall TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared using an anodization method in a glycerol-containing electrolyte. In situ TEM observation of these samples at high temperature was carried out with an...


Three-dimensional (3D) simulations of conventional and collimated sputter deposition of titanium into contact holes with high aspect ratios have been carried out using a 3D topography simulator. In this simulation program the device surface is discretized by a set of triangles. The layer growth rate for each triangle is determined by calculating the flux of metal atoms from the gas volume at the location of the triangle. Shadowing by the device structure itself as well as by a collimator placed between substrate and target is taken into account. For a range of contact hole aspect ratios, bottom coverage resulting from conventional and collimated sputter deposition has been predicted by means of 3D simulations. The simulation results were compared to experimental data and good agreement for both conventional and collimated sputter deposition was found.


Ghrelin, a natural ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS‐R), is synthesized in the stomach but may also be expressed in lesser quantity in the hypothalamus where the GHS‐R is located on growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) neurons. Obestatin, a peptide derived from the same precursor as ghrelin, is able to antagonize the ghrelin‐induced increase of growth hormone (GH) secretion in vivo but not from pituitary explants in vitro. Thus, the blockade of ghrelin‐induced GH release by obestatin could be mediated at the hypothalamic level by the neuronal network that controls pituitary GH secretion. Ghrelin increased GHRH and decreased somatostatin (somatotropin‐releasing inhibitory factor) release from hypothalamic explants, whereas obestatin only reduced the ghrelin‐induced increase of GHRH release, thus indicating that the effect of ghrelin and obestatin is targeted to GHRH neurons. Patch‐clamp recordings on mouse GHRH‐enhanced green fluorescent protein neurons indicated that ghrelin and obestatin had no significant effects on glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Ghrelin decreased GABAergic synaptic transmission in 44% of the recorded neurons, an effect blocked in the presence of the GHS‐R antagonist BIM28163, and stimulated the firing rate of 78% of GHRH neurons. Obestatin blocked the effects of ghrelin by acting on a receptor different from the GHS‐R. These data suggest that: (i) ghrelin increases GHRH neuron excitability by increasing their action potential firing rate and decreasing the strength of GABA inhibitory inputs, thereby leading to an enhanced GHRH release; and (ii) obestatin counteracts ghrelin actions. Such interactions on GHRH neurons probably participate in the control of GH secretion.


The present invention relates to a data storage device and method for a digital broadcast receiver, for example, in a digital broadcasting receiver, the transformation of the digital broadcast data received by the data of a predetermined format, such as DMB (DMB) format, and at the same time, the of transformed predetermined format data, and a redundancy caused when converting the format (redundancy), and a portable terminal with any one or more of the digital broadcasting data, provided with a, DMB broadcast reception function and then stored in a hard disk or a separate memory, and when connecting connection, by sending to read out the data of the stored predetermined format, or when performing a reproduction operation in the digital broadcasting receiver, reproducing the stored digital broadcast data, or a combination of data and redundancy in a predetermined format, the digital broadcast data by reproducing restored, the user, digital broadcast mobile terminals, Connecting connection with wear, it becomes possible to watch a DMB broadcast, it would be very useful inventors also being able to restore the combination of data and redundancy of the digital broadcast data, or a predetermined format stored in a digital broadcast receiver, can view playback. A digital broadcast receiver, a DMB format, format conversion, redundancy, DMB broadcast, a hard disk, a memory


Electron-Spin-Resonance study of single Ni 2+ ions and exchange-coupled Ni 2+ pairs in K 2 MgF 4 has been made. The exchange constant of the second-nearest-neighbor pair has been determined form the positions of the pair resonance lines. In this pair, different total-spin states admix sufficiently by an axial crystal field which is comparable to the exchange interaction. At 1.6°K, the spectra of the pair have been explained by a spin Hamiltonian D c ( S 1 z 2 + S 2 z 2 )+ E c ( S 1 x 2 - S 1 y 2 + S 2 x 2 - S 2 y 2 )+ J ( S 1 · S 2 )+ D d ( S 1 · S 2 -3 S 1 x S 2 x )+ g β H ·( S 1 + S 2 ), where D c =-0.425 cm -1 , E c =-0.065 cm -1 , J =0.400 cm -1 , g =2.28 and a calculated magnetic-dipole interaction D d =0.0127 cm -1 . For the single ions at 1.6°K, D s =-0.352 cm -1 and g =2.275 in D s S z 2 + g β H · S . As estimation of the exchange interaction constants of the fourth-nearest-neighbor pair has been made.


Using the case of one of the municipalities of the Moscow Region, the author attempts to disclose the merits and problems of organizing a municipal Center of Region Management — a new structure designed to improve the quality of informational interdepartmental interaction, the effectiveness of feedback from local government bodies and civil society institutions.


The effects of operating conditions on the growth rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was experimentally studied in a silicone rubber membrane bioreactor.Dependence of the specific growth rate on glucose,ethanol and cell concentrations and the principal kinetic parameters were quantified by nonlinear least-square data fitting with Gauss-Newton method based on orthogonal three-level experiments.The results indicated that the cell growth would be totally inhibited when cell concentration reached 15 g/L or ethanol concentration reached 70 g/L.The continuous fermentation experiments proved that the kinetic behaviors of the yeast cell in the silicone rubber membrane bioreactor agreed with the fit models.


This article presents the small-signal and noise characterization of different technologies based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and silicon-carbide (SiC) graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs). The noise model, built on noise figure measurements under <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> using the F50 method, was verified by additional source-pull measurements, with special care for the GFET stability. The four noise parameters were then extracted by using the validated F50 model up to 18 GHz, and the correlations between noise and small-signal parameters were shown for two different configurations: top-gated and back-gated GFETs.


Multi-target hunting of UAV swarm is an important tactical means. This paper proposes a hunting strategy based on improved K-means and the shortest time mechanism. The large-scale task assignment problem is complex in structure and difficult to solve. To obtain higher hunting efficiency and reduce the amount of calculation on the single UAV, the hybrid architecture is used to decompose the complex multi-target hunting problem into a set of tasks that the UAV need to perform, which reduces the coupling of the system and the complexity of problem. Firstly, the multi-target hunting problem is stratified by the improved K-means algorithm to form multiple independent single target hunting subsystems. In the subsystem, the single target hunting task is decomposed into multiple subtasks that are easy to be executed by UAVs, and a one-to-one matching relationship between subtasks and UAVs is established by using the shortest time mechanism. UAV swarm can achieve multi-target hunting only by executing subtasks. The simulation results show that the UAV swarm can effectively allocate the multi-target hunting problem, which proves the effectiveness of the allocation strategy is proved.


BACKGROUND
Reduced-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedules are under consideration in countries where children are recommended to receive three doses. Whereas PCV-derived protection against vaccine-serotype colonization is responsible for herd effects of vaccination, dose-specific PCV effectiveness against colonization endpoints is not known. We aimed to assess the performance of differing PCV schedules against vaccine-serotype colonization in children.

METHODS
From 2009-2016, we monitored pneumococcal carriage in southern Israel, where children should receive PCV at ages 2m, 4m, and 12m (2p+1b schedule). We analyzed nasopharyngeal swabs and vaccination histories from 5928 children ages 0-59m without symptoms of diseases potentially attributable to pneumococci. Matching individuals on age, sex, ethnicity, visit timing, and recent antibiotic receipt, we measured schedule-specific PCV7/13 effectiveness against vaccine-serotype colonization in a modified case-control framework. We sampled from the distribution of all possible case-control match assignments for statistical analyses.

RESULTS
Two primary-series PCV13 doses conferred 53% (95%CI: 32-67%) protection against PCV13-serotype colonization at ages ≤12m; one primary-series dose was not protective. A 2p+1b PCV13 series conferred 40% (4-67%) and 62% (33-83%) protection against PCV13-serotype colonization at ages 13-24m and 25-59m, respectively. Estimates suggested greater PCV13-conferred protection against PCV7-targeted serotypes than the six PCV13-only serotypes. As compared to children receiving 2p+1b PCV13 dosing, those receiving 1p+1b and 2p+0b schedules experienced 2.05 (1.12-5.00)-fold and 3.33 (2.28-4.93)-fold greater odds, respectively, of vaccine-serotype pneumococcal colonization at ages 13-24m.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate real-world effectiveness of 2p+1b PCV dosing against vaccine-serotype colonization. Reduced-dose schedules may confer lower protection against vaccine-serotype carriage during and beyond the first year of life.


The experimental results on transport, noise, and dissipation of electric power for voltage-biased Si-doped GaN channels are compared with those of Monte Carlo simulation. The measured dissipated power shows a stronger hot-phonon effect than the simulated one. On the other hand, the experimental results on the electron drift velocity at high electric fields show a weaker hot-phonon effect as compared with the simulated one. The misfit can be reduced if a conversion of the friction-active nonequilibrium longitudinal optical phonons into the friction-passive longitudinal optical phonons is considered.


Background: Clinical practice learning is the most important part of health education programs. The limitation of the presence of students at hospitals to avoid exposure to covid-19 causes the lack of training received by students Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically map the results of research on clinical practice learning methods carried out by health professional education as learning recommendations during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: This research was conducted with a five-stage review process, starting with searching for articles through relevant databases, namely Pubmed, Science Direct and Wiley, and finding 11 articles relevant to the inclusion criteria that have been determined. Result: Based on the review results, several clinical learning methods were found using E-learning through video, telehealth collaboration, and simulation based learning. There are several advantages and disadvantages to using each of these methods. Not all of these methods can be used as an evaluation of the student learning process. E-learning through videos can be done as a learning innovation to provide opportunities for students for patients with specific learning objectives. Conclusion: In conclusion, in practice there are clinical experiences that cannot be included by any method. Therefore, the standardization of student competencies is fulfilled by the Midwife Competency Test. However, clinical learning strategies in midwifery education can be done through E-learning with video conference, telehealth collaboration, and combination simulation methods with case studies which have the effectiveness to achieve certain learning objectives according to each method. In practice, information technology can be used as an innovation in distance learning. The implementation of this learning strategy requires good support and cooperation between institutions for clinical practice locations and the education institutions. And, Infrastructures need to be prepared to support the clinical practice learning process.


In this letter, the particle swarm optimization has been applied to calculate the optimized length and width of rectangular microstrip antennas. The inputs to the problem are the dielectric constant and thickness of the substrate; together with the desired resonant frequency; the outputs are the optimized length and width; where the antennas are considered to be electrically thin. The results are in good agreement with the results (experimental and calculated by other heuristics) in the literature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2905–2907, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22918


The plutonyl(VI) dinitrate complex [PuO(2)(NO(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O (1) has been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopically characterized by solid-state vis-NIR and Raman spectroscopies. Aqueous solution spectroscopic studies indicate only weak plutonyl(VI) nitrate complexation, with the mononitrate complex dominating and negligible dinitrate formation, even in concentrated nitric acid.