Olive pomace is the solid by-product resulting from the olive oil production by the continuous centrifugation process, performed through a three-phase or a two-phase system. It is a low-cost material produced in large quantities and the common practice for its valorization is the recovery of its oil (olive-pomace oil) in small-scale industrial plants. The olive pomace oil displays almost similar composition to olive oil, however olive pomace oil has higher unsaponifiable matter content than olive oil, and it is particularly richer in certain sterols (such as β-sitosterol) and in squalene; these bioactive compounds have a remarkable biological activity. Besides being a source of oil, olive pomace is also an important source of other bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds. In recent years, the recovery of these bioactive compounds has been proposed, which can be used as antioxidants and antimicrobial agents in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic systems.The aim of this PhD dissertation was to evaluate innovative alternative extraction methods against conventional (by organic solvent) to obtain high-quality olive-pomace oil enriched in bioactive compounds such as sterols and squalene, as well as to obtain phenolic compounds directly from the olive pomace with improved properties (bioactivity) that can be incorporated into food systems (to produce functional products) providing benefits for human health.The extraction process using organic solvent was studied as the most established method in the food industry in order to recover oil from oilseeds. Olive pomace with initial moisture content of 45% w/w, d.w. was used and it was dried until moisture content 4.5% w/w, d.w. and ground to a particle size of 1 mm. A kinetic study and modeling of the extraction process was carried out to obtain both the olive pomace oil and its unsaponifiable matter (estimated as USM% of oil). The kinetic study extraction experiments were performed on a scale of 25 g of dried olive pomace and using hexane as a solvent to examine the main parameters affecting the process, such as temperature (T=40-60 °C), solid:liquid ratio (S:L=1:4-1:12 g/mL), agitation speed (AS=100-800 rpm) and extraction time (t=1-60 min), and the evolution of the process affecting its cost and to investigate its sustainability on an industrial scale. Based on the results, the mechanism of the mass transfer of the oil and its unsaponifiable compounds in the solvent was revealed and it was found that the fastest transfer of soluble components to the solvent was carried out at the beginning step of the process (washing step), followed by a transfer rate decrease step (diffusion step) until it reached equilibrium, corresponding to the maximum extraction yield. The experimental data for the oil and its unsaponifiable matter (USM% of oil) were used to estimate the variables of two mathematical models: the model of So & Macdonald, (1986) and the model of Sulaiman et al. (2013). The experimental data showed a very good fit to the So & Macdonald model (1986) providing high determination coefficient values (R2>0.996) and low values of relative deviations (0.40<ARD<3.05). However, the model of Sulaiman et al. (2013) provided lower determination coefficient (R2>0.981) and higher values of relative deviations (3.75<ARD<5.73). From the designed parameters for both models, higher temperatures (60 °C), solid: liquid ratio (1:12 g/mL) and agitation speed (800 rpm) led to increased oil yield (5.83-7.11% olive pomace oil) and favored the extraction of unsaponifiable matter in the extracted oil (USM%=3.40-4.23% of oil), while the mass transfer coefficients were increased (kw, kd for the model of So & Macdonald and k·α for the model of Sulaiman et al.) during the extraction. The So & Macdonald (1986) kinetic model variables for extracting both the oil and its unsaponifiable matter under different conditions (temperature-T, solid: liquid ratio-S:L and agitation speed-AS) proved again the predominance of the washing stage in relation to the diffusion stage, since the washing coefficients (1.05 <kw<2.27) were higher than the diffusion coefficients (0.11<kd<0.21). The values of enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) were positive, while the values of Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) were negative, indicating that the process was endothermic, irreversible and spontaneous. Under equilibrium conditions, the oil yield increases by a factor of about 1.096 and 1.054 for the models of So & Macdonald and Sulaiman et al., respectively, for every 10 °C rise in temperature.The kinetic model proposed by So & Macdonald (1986) was used to correlate experimental data for selected bioactive compounds of the unsaponifiable matter of olive pomace oil, such as squalene and major sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol) (mg/g oil), using the same extraction parameters (T=40-60 °C, S: L=1:4-1:12 g/mL, AS=100-800 rpm, and t=1-60 min). Similarly to the extraction of the oil and its unsaponifiable matter, the kinetics of these individual components are characterized by a rapid washing step and a subsequent slower diffusion step. Regarding the kinetic extraction model variables for squalene, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol under different conditions (T, S:L, AS), the washing step proved again the prevalent step in relation to the diffusion step, since the washing coefficients (kw) were higher than the diffusion coefficients (kd). Among the tested values, higher temperature (60 °C), solid: liquid ratio (1:12 g/mL) and agitation speed (800 rpm) resulted in an increased concentration of β-sitosterol (0.81-1.18 mg/g of oil), campesterol (0.16-0.20 mg/g oil), stigmasterol (0.10-0.14 mg/g oil) and squalene (3.95-4.20 mg/g oil) of the extracting oils.Furthermore, extraction using a co-solvent was examined to recover components of different polarity. Isopropyl alcohol was used as co-solvent, and various mixtures of hexane (H):isopropanol (I) in various ratios (H:I=3:1, H:I=3:2, H:I=4:1, H:I=9: 1) were evaluated in terms of the oil yield, the unsaponifiable matter (USM%) as well as the major sterols and squalene content in the extracted oil. The extraction experiments were carried out on a Soxhlet apparatus on a scale of 25 g of dried olive pomace with a particle size (PS) of 1 mm and a solid/liquid ratio (S:L) of 1:8 g/mL for 8 h. Among the solvent mixtures tested, the H:I=3:2 mixture exhibited the highest oil recovery (13.70% olive pomace), the largest unsaponifiable matter in the extracted oil (USM=4.92% of oil) and high sterols and squalene concentration (total sterols=1,706 mg/g oil, squalene=5,217 mg/g oil).Ultrasonic assisted - extraction (UAE), an "eco-friendly" extraction method that provides efficient and selective oil extraction while protecting the bioactive components from degradation, was applied to extract both the olive pomace oil and to recover its bioactive compounds that constitute its unsaponifiable matter such as sterols and squalene. RSM and Box-Behnken experimental design identified polynomial equations correlating the oil yield, as well as the unsaponifiable matter (USM%), the total content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and the antioxidant activity (DPPH) of the extracted olive pomace oil with the process parameters (T=40-60 °C, S:L=1:4-1:12 g/mL and PS=0.5-2 mm). The extraction experiments were carried out on a scale of 25 g of dried olive pomace and a predetermined volume of hexane in an ultrasonic bath for 1 h. The maximum oil yield (11.22% olive pomace) was achieved with T=60 °C, S:L=1:12 g/mL and PS=0.5 mm. The maximum value of USM% of oil was 4.50% and was achieved at optimal conditions T=55 °C, S:L=1:12 g/mL and PS=0.5 mm. The maximum TPC value of the olive pomace oil was 0.261 mg GA/g of oil and was obtained by extraction of the olive pomace in conditions: T=50 °C, S:L=1:8 g/mL and PS=0.9 mm. The maximum antioxidant activity (DPPH) of the olive pomace oil was found to be 0.211 mg Trolox/g oil and was achieved at T= 55 °C, S:L=1:8 g/mL and PS=0.9 mm. Through the model, the optimization of the recovery of the major sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol) and squalene, that are the main components of the unsaponifiable fraction of the oil, and the effect of the main extraction parameters (T=40-60 °C and S:L=1:4-1:12 g/mL) were examined. The maximum β-sitosterol concentration was found to be 1.399 mg/g at T=60 °C and S:L=1:12 g/mL. The maximum concentration of campesterol was 0.220 mg/g and was achieved at T=55 °C for S:L=1:10 g/mL. The maximum concentration of stigmasterol was found to be 0.105 mg/g, by applying T=50 °C and S:L=1:12 g/mL. Furthermore, the maximum concentration of squalene was found to be 4.575 mg/g at T= 60 °C and S:L=1:12 g/mL.In addition, the combination of H:I=3:2 mixture and ultrasound extraction under the optimal conditions (T=50-60 °C, S:L=1:12 g/mL, t=1 h) was examined and showed similar results to those obtained by applying UAE and using hexane under the same conditions in terms of oil yield, unsaponifiable matter (USM%) and the individual sterols of the olive pomace oil. The optimal conditions of ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) were compared with the conventional Soxhlet extraction (SE) (extraction conditions: S:L=1:8 g/mL, T≈78 °C, t=8h, PS=1 mm , solvent=hexane and H:I=3:2 mixture) with respect to the extraction yield of olive-pomace oil, USM%, individual major sterols, squalene, TPC and antioxidant activity (DPPH) of recovered oil. It was found that the olive pomace oil under optimal UAE conditions showed higher yield (11%) and better quality compared to its unsaponifiable matter (USM=4.51% of oil), the total content of phenolic compounds (TPC=0.255 mg GA/g of oil) and the antioxidant activity of the extracted oil (DPPH=0.225 mg Trolox/g oil) from the corresponding extracted oil obtained by Soxhlet (SE) with hexane as solvent (USM=3.68% of oil, TPC=0.207 mg GA/g oil and DPPH=0.189 mg Trolox/g oil, respectively). It should


PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether diabetes mellitus is associated with increased likelihood of surgery-related (perioperative) pressure ulcers. METHODS: The MEDLINE and Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge electronic databases were searched for studies of diabetes as a risk factor for surgery-related pressure ulcers in case-control or cohort design; studies were limited to those published in English. Data from studies meeting inclusion criteria were pooled, and a meta-analysis was completed using the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Odds ratios for surgery-related pressure ulcers were calculated for patients with and without diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: Six observational studies were identified involving a total of 2453 patients. When compared to patients with normal glucose tolerance, persons with diabetes mellitus were more likely to experience surgery-related pressure ulcers (odds ratio 5 2.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.62–2.84). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis indicates that patients with diabetes mellitus are slightly more than twice as likely to develop surgery-related pressure ulcers as compared to patients with normal glucose tolerance.


We use a machine learning approach to forecast the US GDP value of the current quarter and several quarters ahead. Within each quarter, the contemporaneous value of GDP growth is unavailable but can be estimated using higher-frequency variables that are published in a more timely manner. Using the monthly FRED-MD database, we compare the feedforward artificial neural network forecasts of GDP growth to forecasts of state of the art dynamic factor models and the Survey of Professional Forecasters, and we evaluate the relative performance. The results indicate that the neural network outperforms the dynamic factor model in terms of now- and forecasting, while it generates at least as good now- and forecasts as the Survey of Professional Forecasters.


Contemporary foodways and identities are in large measure the product of a long history of colonial encounters. Reciprocally, food has been a consistently prominent material medium for the enactment of colonialism. The intimate links between food practices and the embodiment of identity and between commensality and politics have made food a central arena for the working out of colonial struggles of various kinds. Hence, a focus on food holds great analytical promise for archaeologists attempting to understand ancient colonial situations and their transformative effects on identity. To this end, this chapter attempts to provide a broader theoretical context by pursuing a set of fundamental questions: why and how do people sometimes change their food habits in situations of colonial contact—in particular, why and how do they adopt alien foods and food practices? And when they do, what consequences does this entail and what implications does it have for understanding colonialism? Interjecting colonialism into the archaeological exploration of the relationship between food and identity is a crucial analytical move. I say this because, in the first place, colonialism has been a pervasive force in world history for at least the past five millennia and one with an obviously marked influence on the formation and transformation of identity. Second, the intimate links between food practices and the embodiment of identity and between commensality and politics make the domain of food an important arena for the working out of colonial struggles over the colonization of consciousness and strategies of appropriation and resistance. Indeed, it is reasonable to assert both that contemporary foodways and idenThe Archaeology of Food and Identity, edited by Katheryn C. Twiss. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Occasional Paper No. 34. © 2006 by the Board of Trustees, Southern Illinois University. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-88104-091-6. Food, Identity, and Colonialism 219 tities around the world are in large measure the product of a long history of colonial encounters and that, reciprocally, food has been a consistently prominent material medium for the enactment of colonialism. Hence, a focus on food holds great analytical promise for archaeologists in their attempts to penetrate and understand ancient colonial situations and their transformative effects on identity. However, while full of promise, this relationship is by no means simple or straightforward, and progressing beyond banal generalizations to the generation of useful interpretive insights requires both methodological ingenuity and a rigorous attention to the contextualization of food issues within a broader theoretical framework. My own long-standing interest in this theme grew out of both archaeological research in Mediterranean France on the ancient colonial encounter between the native Iron Age peoples of the region and Greek, Etruscan, and Roman colonists and ethnographic research among the Luo people in East Africa (in collaboration with Ingrid Herbich) that necessitated an engagement with the history of their encounter with British colonialism. In both of these cases, it quickly became apparent that food was centrally important to the articulation of indigenous and colonial societies and the construction of identity and that understanding the role of food in these situations was crucial to understanding the operation of colonialism—and vice versa. However, although episodic reference will be made to them, my goal in this chapter is not to examine these particular studies in detail but rather to offer some productive and provocative reflections on the broader theoretical issue of the relationship among food, identity, and colonialism. Obviously, this is a subject far too vast and complex to be addressed comprehensively in a brief essay. Hence, my comments in this chapter are intended to be more in the way of selective suggestions pointing out some promising paths that merit exploration. Food and Colonialism Before embarking on that discussion, let me lay the groundwork by first elaborating a little on several of the assertions I have just made and offering a few definitions of the concepts being employed here. In the first place, let me make clear that I use the word food in the broad sense to also include things like alcoholic beverages. The latter are, after all, simply special forms of food with psychoactive properties resulting from alternative techniques of culinary treatment (Dietler 1990a, 2006a): the same grain can become porridge, bread, beer, or whisky, depending simply upon the techniques applied to it. Ethnographic studies indicate that in some societies people receive substantial nutrition and as much as a third of their caloric intake in the form of beer (Platt 1955, 1964; Steinkraus 1995). Moreover, as much as 15 to 30 percent of the family grain supply is commonly dedicated to the production of alcoholic beverages in agrarian societies (de Garine 1996; Dietler 2001; Jennings 2005; Platt 1964). Given these facts, and other considerations that I have discussed at length elsewhere (see Dietler 1990a, 2001, 2006a), it would seem logically untenable to exclude alcohol from a consideration of food simply because beverages containing ethanol have been constructed as a "drug" in Western discourse under the influence of the nineteenth-century temperance movement.


Background: Prostate cancer is the second most frequent malignancy (after lung cancer) in men worldwide. It is the third most common cancer in men in Algeria. We studied for the first time the clinicopathological and genetic features of prostate cancer in Algerian patients. Το date. inherited risk for prostate cancer is associated with aggressive disease and poorer outcomes. Patients with hereditary prostate cancer have been screened for germline mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, MSH2 and PMS2 genes. Patients and Methods: The study population included 769 patients with prostate cancer from 31 provinces of Algeria (among 48) covered by the cancer registry of the anti-cancer center of Blida, Algeria. Patients referred with a biopsy proven diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate to the anti cancer center of Blida, from January 2013 to April 2019 were studied. Clinical and tumor data: age at diagnosis, PSA value, Gleason score (New grading system groupe 1), TNM stage and family history of prostate cancer have been collected from the medical records of the patients. Five patients and one asymptomatic patient with strong hereditary prostate cancer history have been tested by PCR-direct sequencing for recurrent germline mutations already detected in Algerian patients with family history of breast cancer and prostate cancer or lynch syndrome, respectively. We analysed BRCA1 (exon 3 and 10), BRCA2 (exons 10, 16 and 19), MLH1 (exon 1), MSH2 (exon 5). In addition, for the first time, we screened exons 6 and 10 of PMS2 gene in prostate cancer patients. Results: The median age at diagnosis of prostate cancer was 70.73 years. 41.71 % patients have been diagnosed with prostate cancer under the age of 70 years. Majority of patients (95.39%) presented with a PSA value >4ng/ml. Of the tumors, 36.87% were Gleason score 3+3 (grade 1) and 26.36% were Gleason score 3+4 (grade 2) while Gleason score 4+3 (grade 3), 4+4 (grade 4) and 4+5 (grade 5) disease comprised 16.32%, 11.97 and 8.42% of cases, respectively. Our results showed that 87.5% of prostate cancer were diagnosed at TNM stage I (7.63%), TNM stage II (44.87%), TNM stage III (31.05%), TNM stage IV(3.95%), respectively. 85 patients (11.18%) had a family history of prostate cancer. The BRCA1 recurrent germline mutation c.2125_2126insA has been identified in asymptomatic patient aged of 61 years with a strong family history of prostate cancer and breast cancer. His father and two brothers died of prostate cancer. We detected the intronic variant of uncertain significance (UV) c.989-107_989-106insA in the exon 10 of PMS2 gene in a suspected Lynch syndrome patient diagnosed with colon cancer at age 65 years and a prostate cancer at age 77 years, respectively. Interestingly, one son of this patient has developed colon cancer at age 34 years. BRCA2, MLH1 and MSH2 recurrent germline mutations have not been detected in our prostate cancer patients. Conclusions: The accumulative knowledge about clinicopathological features in prostate cancer patients will have an effect on clinical management in the areas of both prevention and treatment. Genetic testing of hereditary prostate cancer will have an important management implications for Algerian patients and their families. Citation Format: Farid Cherbal, Lydia Ait Braham, Selma Lerari, Kada Boualga. Clinicopathological and genetic features of prostate cancer in Algerian patients: First report [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4602.


To examine the relationship of Mycoplasma hominis to lower genital tract (LGT) infections 355 sera from 52 women with acute salpingitis 70 women with infection confined to the LGT and 154 healthy women were analyzed for antibody to M. hominis by means of the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) technique. These results were compared with the finding of M. hominis in cultures. The distribution of IHA antibody to M. hominis among women of different ages (1-73 years) was found to be highly correlated with the occurrence of the organism in the LGT and with the prevalence of genital infections. 16 of the salpingitis patients from whom more than 1 serum specimen was collected had IHA antibody to M. hominis at a titer of 1:16 or greater. The organism was isolated from the cervix in all 16 of these cases and from the fallopian tubes in 3 patients. Overall M. hominis was isolated from 36 (69.2%) of the 52 women with acute salpingitis and 25 of them had a titer of 1:16 or more. Antibody to M. hominis was found in 59.6% of the women. Among the women with LGT infection M. hominis was recovered from 38.6% and IHA antibody to the organism at a titer of 1:16 or greater was found in the sera of 27%. Anitbody to M. hominis was noted in 10.5% of the sera of the 57 nonpregnant healthy women of childbearing age 8.5% of healthy pregnant women and in none of the prepubertal or postmenopausal healthy women. The organism was isolated from 14.9% of the healthy pregnant women but from insignificant numbers of the prepubertal menstruating and postmenopausal cases. Overall M. hominis was isolated from 73 women in the study and their sera contained antibody to the organism at a titer of 1:16 or greater in 42 instances (57.7%). The corresponding figure for the 203 women from whom the organism was not cultured was 16 (7.9%). The difference between these 2 incidences was highly significant (p>0.001). Of the 16 women whose sera contained antibody to M. hominis but from whom the organism was not cultured 8 had signs of LGT infection and 4 had a recent history of infection. Additionally 73 sera from male venereal disease clinic patients and from healthy men were compared. Antibody to M. hominis was found in 30% of sera from the former group but in only 4% of the latter group. (summary in FRE)


J. P. Martin's study of British responses to a series of exposes on substandard care and incidents of staff brutality in 15 of their long-term—care hospitals for the mentally ill and mentally disabled contains important information for American mental health administrators and advocates for the mentally disabled. Professor Martin's detailed and perceptive accounts of staff-initiated abuse, lengthy and expensive governmental investigations, and consistent blue-ribbon—committee recommendations for administrative changes all indicate that the British mental health system has experienced as much turmoil as our own. In fact, until the 1970s, Great Britain and the United States faced similar predicaments. With the advent of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s and a growing body of social science research that questioned the rehabilitative functions of large custodial institutions, both countries began to reduce their hospital populations. They placed, or often "dumped," many former patients into the community, but a reduction in institutional numbers did


Based on analyzing the problem of the screen with circular, linear, and elliptical trajectory, the spatial Lissajous trajectory has been put forward. The article analyzes the dynamic theory of the spatial Lissajous trajectory screen, and the virtual simulation with discrete-element method is applied to study the solid migration rules. A discrete-element model is developed based on the JKR contact model which takes into considerations viscous forces of contacting particles. Two important factors, migration velocity and filter ratio, are selected to describe the working performance of the vibrating screen. The research results show that the spatial Lissajous vibrating screen has approximate solid migration velocity like the linear vibrating screen, but the filter rate of spatial Lissajous trajectory is the highest. Therefore, the spatial Lissajous trajectory vibrating screen can reduce the phenomenon of screening blockage, and the advantage will be more evident in the case of high drilling fluid viscosity, high mesh number, and serious screen blockage.


Introduction: Phenols and parabens are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Evidence from animal studies suggest they may be endocrine disruptors. The association of phenols and parabens with rep...


Looking at present-day technoscience, where utopian ambitions and dystopian fears confront one another, quantification plays a fundamental role. Artificial intelligence, big data, statistical, mathematical, and metrical objects share important promises, as well as important pathologies. From finance to education, from the economy to the environment, we increasingly use numbers and algorithms to increase efficiency and profit, measure the speed of achieving objectives, to classify and decide. Without an awareness of this multidimensional phenomenon, no answer is possible. A critical movement is needed, to control a sociotechnical imaginary for which technology provides the solution to the problems created by technology. Is time ripe for an ethics of quantification?


AIM To establish an HPLC method for the separation and determination of Shuanghuanglian tablet. METHODS A method of analysis for determination of six components from Shuanghuanglian tablet by RP HPLC has been developed. Column: Inertsil ODS. The eluent consisted of acetonitrile water (1% acetic acid). A gradient method was set up. The flow rate was 1 0 mL·min -1 . The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. RESULTS The contents of six components, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, phillyrin, baicalin, and baicalein were determined by the given method. CONCLUSION The analytical results demonstrate that the method is convenient, accurate and practical and can be used as a reliable method for the quality control of this preparation.


International report — A pair of plastic surgeons recently traveled to Southern Asia to aid victims of the tsunami that devastated the area on Dec. 26.


Background: Baumann skin type which was developed by Dr. Baumann could divide skin type into Oily/Dry(O/D), Sensitive/Resistant(S/R), Pigmented/Non-pigmented(P/N), Tight/ Wrinkled(T/W). There were total of 16 types. It could easily provide the comprehensive information about skin type to both physician and patients. Objectives: We aimed to analyze the Baumann skin type in Korean women and evaluate various factors that affect the skin type. Methods: We investigated 560 Korean women aged between 20 and 59. The subjects completed the questionnaire on four categories(O/D, S/R, P/N, T/W). Results: The most prevalent type was 'OSNT' and this was followed by DSNT, DRNT and ORNT. The number of non-pigmented, tight and sensitive type is 2.8 fold, 2.3 fold and 1.8 fold larger than pigmented, wrinkle and resistant type. The oily type was more prevalent in group of young age, whereas dry type is dominant in old age group. The portion of pigmented and wrinkled type increased as the subjects became older. Conclusion: This is the first study on investigation of Baumann skin type in Korean women. Most Korean women have sensitive, non-pigmented and tight skin. The oily type is dominant in young women. By using Baumann skin type, we could recommend the appropriate skin care method to patients. In addition, patients could choose the proper skin care products on their own.


Background Referrals and waiting times for diagnostic assessment of possible autism in children have increased substantially within UK NHS recently, delaying opportunities for intervention and frustrating families. Research exploring which service models could improve quality and timeliness of autism assessment is a key NHSE priority. Objectives Explore evidence from research and grey literature about which autism assessment pathways work well, for whom and under what circumstances, to deliver high quality and timely diagnosis. Inform subsequent stages of our Realist Evaluation/study. Methods We performed a Rapid Realist Review (RRR), a well-established approach to synthesising evidence to identify service delivery models achieving desired outcomes. RRRs seek to develop programme theories (PTs), or explanations, of how, why and in what contexts an intervention works. The focus was a clearly defined intervention (diagnostic pathway), specific outcomes (high quality and timely) within particular parameters (Autism diagnostic services in UK). This was carried out in five iterative stages. We collected 129 grey literature and policy/guidelines from the background search, and 220 articles from primary search (Jan 2011-Dec 2019; seven databases, terms: autism, diagnostic pathway, model of service provision, assessment process). Following duplicate removal and screening of abstracts, two researchers carried out data extraction by hybrid approach: basic details from each included article (n=79) were recorded in an Excel data extraction form; highly relevant articles (n=45) were coded in NVivo. PTs were developed by cross comparison and synthesis of evidence from the articles and findings were discussed with expert stakeholders. Results 7 PTs were identified, the first 4 informing stages contributing to effective diagnostic pathways, the remaining 3, overarching principles. Potential facilitative service models were identified. If frontline health/education professionals are confident in recognizing symptoms of autism, understand referral pathways and take parents' concerns seriously, then children and young people (CYP) will be referred appropriately, in a timely manner. If services provide clear guidelines for referrers on what information is needed, time will be saved and fewer CYP will be assessed unnecessarily. If a structured and consistent approach to service delivery is adopted, making best use of available staff and expertise then the number of assessments per individual may be reduced. If feedback takes an assets-based approach and management plans are individualized, then parental expectations will be moderated. If parents have a single point of contact, are provided explanations throughout and included in decision-making then diagnostic pathway may be less stressful. If 'experts' including CYP and parents work together and knowledge generated is embedded into local services, this will build capacity and support service planning. If professionals have access to tailored training appropriate to their role, and services engage in development and evaluation, then there will be a higher degree of consistency. Conclusions This first theory informed review of childhood autism diagnostic pathways has identified important aspects that may contribute to more efficient, high quality and family friendly service delivery. We will test whether the resulting PTs are met, and how service design could be further enhanced through a national survey of current practice and in depth case study of exemplar services.


MoSi2-based structure materials have been fabricated through atmospheric plasma spraying process.The influences of hot isostatic pressing on the microstructures and mechanical properties of MoSi2 products have been studied.The results showed that the spraying-formed products mainly consist of MoSi2,Mo5Si3,Mo3Si,Mo and take typical layered structures with certain amounts of fine pores and micro-cracks.Partial oxidation of the powder led to volatilization of Si element,making silicon deplete and Mo-rich phase form in the products.After hot isostatic pressing,the porosity in MoSi2 products decreased,indicating an obvious densification effect.A density of 6.29 g/cm3 has been achieved after hot isostatic pressing at 1 600 ℃,8% higher than that before hot isostatic pressing.Meanwhile,there was a certain increase in the microhardness.


Abstract This article presents the results of an experimental study on the rheology of eco-SCC, formulated on the basis of the modified Chinese method and on the new standard EN206/CN. The studied ecological concretes consist of Portland pozzolana cement, containing large amounts of limestone filler or natural pozzolana, which can replace cement up to 50%. In addition, the compactness of the granular mixture is optimized; therefore, the total amount of the incorporated binder is further reduced in the body of concrete. The study of the rheological behavior of these fluid concretes was carried out in the laboratory, using a coaxial vane-type rheometer. The results showed that both rheological models, i.e. modified Bingham and Herschel–Bulkley, describe satisfactorily the shear-thinning character of the formulations tested. However, the rheological parameters obtained with the modified Bingham model seem to have better correlations with the measurements of the slump test. These same results also indicated that replacing 30% of cement by one of the additions selected for our study, resulted in mixtures with yield stress and plastic viscosities that are within the validity range of SCC. This allowed reducing CO2 emissions by about 40% for each cubic meter of concrete produced.


Fixation was carried out at different temperatures and tea leaf flow rates per hour using fixation drum(model 80),aiming at improving green tea colour and aroma.The results shows that the optimum fixation conditions were at 250℃ and leaf flow rate 100 kg/h.


Predictive maintenance aims to anticipate indus-trial equipment failures in order to allow early scheduling of corrective actions. Such a maintenance approach is based on a detailed analysis that takes into account the technical and contextual characteristics of the target industrial equipment. However, this analysis requires a significant period of time to collect a representative quantity of data to learn a predictive model. Federated learning (FL in short) is a promising approach that allows several participants to build collaboratively a global predictive model. This approach has been widely explored in generic loT applications and large scale architectures. However, the implementation of FL in actual environments requires to consider several issues to adapt to existing loT architectures, including the management/orchestration of the federated tasks and handling the limitations of computational resources. Indeed, most of the current research focus on the aggregation of heavy deep learning algorithms. In this paper, we propose an architecture for FL in the context of loT based on the classical 3-layer architecture standardized by ETSI 11https://www.etsi.org/. We consider new features for performing federated tasks (training, aggregation and man-agement of each participant). We also propose a stacking-based aggregation method to build the global model in a cost-efficient way. We evaluate finally the performance and effectiveness of this approach on real use-case scenarios. The comparison with other models trained in a centralized way highlights the benefit of our approach.


The Nation's Current RealityThe United States of America is home to several racial and ethnic groups, a haven for the underrepresented, dispossessed, and yearning for freedom. Ever since the Pilgrims, different cultural groups have always looked for refuge on the shores of the United States. According to the 2010 census, the overall US population grew and is more diverse since 1990 (Angus and de Oliveira 7). The authors also conceptualized that socioeconomic status (SES) is another form of diversity and found that both poverty rates and rates of income inequality are increasing (Angus and de Oliveira 7). Diversity is a result of immigration.Moreover, the current economy has left many without enough financial capital. Donald Trump discussed the issue of the American financial crisis on Fox News by stating that the United States is no longer rich and that the real unemployment rate is around 15 to 16 percent ("Billionaire"). It is my belief that since the United States' economy is struggling, its citizens need a scapegoat. "It's normal to feel worried, anxious or down when times are hard. Job insecurity, redundancy, debt and financial problems can all cause emotional distress" ("Coping"). The country's populace is under a great deal of stress, and incidences of emotional anxiety have led to social and civil unrest. As a result, the suppressed stereotyping of racial and ethnic groups is materializing in occurrences such as in Boston with their Stop and Frisk mandate along with unlawful arrests, detentions, and strippings, to name just a few ("Racial Profiling"). Marcos Pizarro discusses the damaging effects of racial profiling in schools: "Conflicts related to their disempowerment shaped not only how they saw themselves but also how they understood their schooling and their educational futures" (58). I saw this dynamic in my own classroom last year, when, for nine weeks, a student kept saying, "Miss, this is too hard for us. . . . Can you dumb this down?" This tenth-grade Black immigrant student, Stephanie, in her pleading request told me that she and her classmates did not feel confident in their learning in English language arts.Marginalization Practices in ELA ClassroomsIt is clear that if the nation is diverse and experiencing stereotyping, then this is also a factor in our schools and in our classrooms. Studies have shown that poverty or low SES has equaled low achievement in schooling (Garces, Duncan, and Currie; Knapp and Shields). One manner in which stereotyping is filtered through the school system is through the leveling of students. Within each of these levels, the racial, cultural, and ethnic make-up of classes differs. As the level becomes more advanced, the population of heterogeneous students becomes less. From personal experience, I can attest that students of color are not allowed to "struggle" in advanced courses; they are summarily demoted in secondary ELA classrooms. Struggle, in this context, means to be able to maintain a C average and glean the knowledge imparted to advanced learners. In most cases, it is the teacher who dismisses the student from his or her classroom and unfortunately, these students are more than likely children of color.In Jeffrey Max and Steven Glazerman's Institute of Science Study, the authors found that disadvantaged students received less effective teaching on average, further reporting that students fall behind an average of four weeks in English language arts (ELA) classrooms, with an overall gap of 24 months in teaching effectiveness (4). Hence, this teaching practice becomes a school within a school for students already undergoing racial, ethnic, and/ or cultural stereotyping. Is it better to struggle in a pre-AP or AP class and glean this knowledge or "succeed" in an honors or regular classroom where the teaching is markedly different? Should the skills and texts we teach differ in each class? Is this institutionalized classism and racism? There is a divide between students of poverty and the middle-class/ upper-middle-class teacher, but can preservice training, professional development, or text bridge this divide? …


In this paper we develop an advanced spatio-temporal wavelet domain filtering algorithm which is suitable for hardware implementation, we implement it in the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and report the results of real-time processing. The wavelet decomposition in our implementation is non-decimated with three decomposition levels and with a Daubechies' minimum phase orthogonal wavelet. Noise reduction is implemented with spatially adaptive Bayesian wavelet shrinkage. In the next filtering stage, a motion detector controls selective, recursive averaging of pixel intensities over time. The algorithm is customized for the hardware implementation and is realized in FPGA. The standard composite television video stream is digitalized and used as source for real-time video sequences. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed scheme for real time video processing.


AbstractIn this study, electrochemical peroxidation was employed to remove color and total organic carbon (TOC) from co-complex (acid yellow 194) dye using iron electrodes in a batch-mode operation. The effects and relationships of the process variables were evaluated, and optimizations were carried out using response surface methodology to maximize removal efficiencies and minimize operating costs in relation to energy, electrode, and chemical (such as H2O2) consumptions. The initial pH (2.0–6.0 pHi), conductivity (500–2,500 μS/cm, k), initial dye concentration (100–800 mg/L, C0), current density (10–30 A/m2, j), operating time (4–20 min, t), and dosage of H2O2 (2–10 mM or 175–860 μL/L, ) were selected as independent variables. The proposed models fit very well with experimental data, evidenced by high R2 correlation coefficients (>90%). Maximum color removals were 98 and 80% when C0 was 275 and 625 mg/L, respectively. In contrast, maximum TOC removals were poor (52 and 40% when C0 was 275 and 625 mg/L, ...


Several radio-loud objects exhibit a complex structure when observed at radio wavelengths: a stationary core, which is thought to harbour the central engine that powers the AGN phenomena, and a relativistic jet, formed by several superluminal components. In some cases, jet components are ejected with different apparent proper motions and directions on the plane of the sky. Moreover, these sources can also show signatures of long-term periodic variability in their historical optical light curve. In this work, we selected the objects 3C 120 and 3C 345, which exhibit both characteristics mentioned above, and interpret them in the framework of jet inlet precession. A brief discussion about what kind of mechanism could be responsible for jet precession is also presented.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html


This paper introduces a never before described strategy used by bilinguals to fill hesitation pauses. This strategy proved so unique that it was given the name 'idiosyncratic filler.' It describes a filler type that is produced unusually often by one individual when hesitating. It is usually a particular lexical filler that is used as often as or more often than all other lexical fillers combined. Idiosyncratic fillers are as flexible as, but more 'prestigious' than quasi-lexical fillers and they are used by bilinguals in their non-native language as an overgeneralization and to avoid the incessant production of 'uhs' and 'uhms.'


LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics) technology has been proven to be successfully applied in various microsystem applications including: sensors, actuators, microreactors, etc. Very often the required functionally of a microsystem involves electro-mechanical coupling, for example: micro-valve or micro-pump actuation. In many cases a hybrid approach is used, where the mechanical movement is created by electromagnetic actuator made in MEMS technology. Attempts have been also made to integrate bulk PZT ceramics with LTCC. It must be pointed out that all of the mentioned solutions either increase the cost of production or decrease the manufacturability and reliability of the final devices. Therefore a new solution has been proposed involving integrated screen printed PZT thick films developed and offered by InSensor A/S. It has been known from previous work that integration of PZT thick films with LTCC involves potential problems of thermal matching and chemical compatibility at the processing temperatures between the functional film, the substrate and the electrodes. Therefore thorough investigations on the influence of the substrate and the diffusion barrier on the quality and properties of the active PZT layers have been conducted. Six types of ceramic substrates have been tested including: five different LTCC materials produced by leading LTCC suppliers: DuPont, ESL, Hereaus and 99.5% alumina substrate that has been used as reference. The substrates have been fabricated according to the recommended procedures. The bottom electrode acting as a diffusion barrier layer, the PZT thick films (35 μm thick) as well as top silver electrodes have been screen printed. Piezoelectric activity of the PZT layers has been determined by means of Sawyer-Tower setup and the basic ferroelectric parameters have been measured and compared with the reference. Moreover the structure of the thick films as well as the barrier layer has been investigated using SEM. The impedance spectra of the PZT thick films have been also measured. In order to investigate the direct piezoelectric properties of the films apparent d33 measurements have been performed. According to the obtained results the PZT thick films have been active in case of all the tested substrates. Nevertheless some of the substrates exhibit a quite significant variation of the piezoelectric properties whereas one of the investigated LTCC substrates has given very reproducible results that are comparable with the reference. Due to very promising results the presented work will be continued towards development of applications involving integrated PZT thick films with LTCC ceramics especially in the field of microsystems.


In this paper, we extended the estimation of the Mankiw and Weil (1989) model and predict long-term housing demand for the period of 2000 to 2030 based on socio-demographic changes such as the number of family members and the existence of spouses in a household. Considering the increase of one-person or spouseless households, we found that housing demand for these types of households is increasing, but less rapidly than the increment of the number of these types of households. The M-W model predicts that the annual rate of change in housing demand gradually decreases, being negative after 2029. However, after consideration of such variables, we estimate that there will still be an increase in housing demand by 0.09%, even in 2030.


The National Metal and Engineering Competency-based Training (CBT) Staff Development Project has developed this programme, which comprises six modules, covering a range of key issues for those involved in planning, implementing and teaching CBT programmes for the national metal and engineering industry. These modules are accompanied by an Implementation Guide which includes a descriptor for each module and suggestions on the use of the learning materials. The purpose of this module is to introduce the reader to the concepts and practice of competency-based training and to provide an overview of national metal and engineering industry training issues. The emphasis here is on the opportunities which CBT offers for developing the kinds of strategies which will make the teaching and learning processes more effective, more productive and more satisfying for both teachers and learners. The purpose of this module is to introduce the reader to the information and skills required to design a flexible CBT strategy for the training programme, and to the processes involved in preparing and producing learning materials.


ABSTRACT Scholarship on social movement schools shows that movements often facilitate the schooling of their participants, while scholarship on the biographical consequences of social movements demonstrates that movements influence their participants' subsequent careers. To date, however, few studies consider whether and how the schooling functions of social movements shape participants' later careers. In this article, through a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) of the careers of 23 student participants in the Nashville civil rights movement of 1958–1961, we show that participants who enrolled in James Lawson's workshops in nonviolence and who served in the core cadre of the movement's Student Central Committee – two important forms of social movement schooling – pursued careers in organizing and electoral politics. In contrast, participants who did not enroll in Lawson's workshops and who were not part of the core cadre of the Student Central Committee tended to pursue careers as social service workers or businesspeople. The article extends our knowledge of the impacts of social movement schools and suggests directions for future research on the biographical consequences of social movements.


This paper discusses the efficiency of a pay-as-you-go pension reform by introducing a child benefit in an endogenous fertility setting. In the model of a small open economy, higher fertility is associated with a reduction of lifetime labor supply. The optimum share of fertility-related pensions is always below unity, but generally positive. The former is true since individuals do not take into account the impact of their labor supply choice on the parent generation. It is demonstrated that child allowances are equivalent to fertility-related pensions as instruments to achieve an efficient allocation.


A detailed understanding of the photoluminescence (PL) from silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) is convoluted by the complexity of the decay mechanism, including a stretched-exponential relaxation and the presence of both nanosecond and microsecond time scales. In this publication, we analyze the microsecond PL decay of size-resolved SiNC fractions in both full-spectrum (FS) and spectrally resolved (SR) configurations, where the stretching exponent and lifetime are used to deduce a probability distribution function (PDF) of decay rates. For the PL decay measured at peak emission, we find a systematic shift and narrowing of the PDF in comparison to the FS measurements. In a similar fashion, we resolve the PL lifetime of the 'blue', 'peak', and 'red' regions of the spectrum and map PL decays of different photon energy onto their corresponding location in the PDF. A general trend is observed where higher and lower photon energies are correlated with shorter and longer lifetimes, respectively, which we relate to the...


Reactive oxygen species generated from certain cellular processes cause tissue and cell damage and may alter the structure and functioning of proteins and nucleic acids. Endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms involving certain enzymes as well as exogenous antioxidant from plants are capable of preventing such complications. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of Murraya koenigii (curry leaf) extracts. Water and ethanol extracts of the leaf were obtained by soxhlet extraction. In vitro antioxidant activity was by the ferric reducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays and the total flavonoid and flavonol levels determined. The in vivo activity was assessed using albino wistar rats which were treated with 100mg/kg of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts and ascorbic acid as positive control for six consecutive days after which a single dose (2.5mL/kg body) of CCl4 was administered except for the normal control group 24hrs later. The animals were sacrificed and the liver homogenate was used to assess the catalase activity and lipidic peroxidation. Aqueous and ethanol extracts showed ferric reducing activity and were concentration dependent. The hydrogen peroxide scavenging potential was very high at various concentrations for both extracts (between 81.2 to 99.9%) comparable to ascorbic acid. Molondialdehyde (MDA) level (lipidic peroxidation) was significantly lower (p0.05) in group 2 animals which received aqueous extract compared to group 1 (normal control) and group 4 (negative control). There was a significant difference (p0.05) in the catalase activity of group 2 animals which received aqueous extract compared to the normal control. Acute toxicity was observed in group 5 animals administered ethanol extract. Flavonoid and flavonol were greater in the ethanol extract (625.33 and 835.04 g/g of rutin) than in the aqueous extract (449.33 and 100.33 g/g of rutin) respectively. These results suggest that Murraya koenigii (curry leaf) aqueous and ethanol extracts possess antioxidant activity due to high amounts of flavonoid and flavonol. This property may partly be responsible for the medicinal application of the plant


Background: Genetic and environmental contribution in the etiology and shape of malocclusion has long been a controversy for the authors. In fact, even though craniofacial deformations are the result of both genetic and environmental factors, there is irrefutable evidence for the high genetic control on craniofacial development and for the significant genetic influence in many dental, occlusal and skeletal variables. The aim of this twin's case report is to clinically show the role of each of these two factors on the expression of abnormalities and particular traits. Case presentation: The case reflect 10-year-old twins who consulted for their anterior overlap. The comparison between the twins is done through clinical and cephalometric investigation. The clinical examination revealed a great resemblance between the two patients both at the extra-oral (ortho-frontal profil, nasolabial angle, the shape of the forehead, cervico-chin distance) and intra-oral view (Palato- position of the maxillary lateral incisors, molar class I, mandibular arch perfectly identical with mirror effect), Cephalometric analysis revealed a very high morphological similarity (identical skeletal class III, biproalveolia, hyperdivergenc and the position of mandibular incisor). Conclusion: The existence of a very important genetic control on craniofacial development and the installation of dysmorphosis is undeniable, in particular on skeletal class III and hyperdivergence. But the severity of these dysmorphosis can also be increased by environmental and behavioral factors.


Journal still receives considerable support. Acute medical emergencies are admitted under the general physician of the day. This is unique to this country, occurring nowhere else in Europe or America. Some exceptions are made for private patients and particularly for medical practitioners and their relatives who are usually admitted under the appropriate specialist. In my own specialty of neurology, patients with acute neurological disorders are admitted by a senior house officer under a con-


In previous papers1 it has been shown that every solvable group of order llxj (xi = pa, i 1= * n) can be expressed and in one way only as a permutation group of degree Yxj with n sets of transitivity of degrees respectively xi. Such expressions will here be called : U* expressions. This result directs attention to a special category of permutation groups (to be called U*-groups) having the following properties: Each U* is transitive of some degree pa and of some order Kpa where K is prime to p, and is a solvable group containing no proper invariant subgroup of order dividing K. Clearly each transitive constituent of a YU* expression is a U*-group and conversely every U*-group occurs as a transitive constituent of some YU* expression, e. g. the EU* expression of the abstract group (hereafter called a U-group) with which the U*-group in question is simply isomorphic. It has been proven that if two U*-groups are distinct as permutation groups, they cannot be simply isomorphic and hence there is a one to one correspondence between U*and U-groups. The category of U-groups is of interest since every solvable abstract group is either a U-group or can be formed from a properly chosen set of U-groups by direct multiplication or by the use of suitable isomorphisms. The U-groups thus constitute a basis, from the members of which all solvable groups may be constructed. The one to one correspondence between Uand U*-groups makes it convenient to identify U-groups by their U*-expressions. A U*-group of degree pa and order Kpa will be called U* (pa, K). The purpose of the present paper is to consider certain properties of the U*-groups and to give a complete list of the U* (p, K) groups where pa 1 and a> 1. It will appear that where K = 1 or a = 1 the U* (p", K) groups belong to categories which are already too well known to require relisting. Certain properties of U*-groups which are useful in listing all those of given degree are shown in the two following theorems.2 It has however been


A system of high speed data acquisition based on CPLD is designed.In the system,the signals of digital oscillometer are uninterruptedly sampled and stored by adopting high speed A/D converter and high speed dual FIFO chips;the write-in clock of FIFO is generated by adopting technology of frequency measuring and dividing frequency,for filtering the redundant data.Waveform reconstruction technology is analyzed in detail.According to simulation,the instauration results for different waves by adopting linear interpolation and sinc interpolation algorithm are compared.


Implemented properly, the best interests duty proposed by FoFA will be a win for both individual financial planners and for the organisations they work for, says Mark Rantall.


This research investigated the potential impact of predicted climate change on the fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale, which causes Microdochium patch on turfgrasses in temperate climates. Turfgrasses were inoculated with M. nivale and assessed visually on a scale of 0-100 percent yellowed, when under various simulations of predicted climate change conditions. Data collected during this investigation includes amino acid concentrations, field trial data, and sugar content data. This dataset includes only the field trial data. Please see Related Datasets for links to the amino acid concentrations and sugar content datasets.


The paper presents a two dimensional finite element based solver for static magnetic field problems. The application has been written in C programming language. Magnetic vector potential of some reference models have been calculated by the help of two environments. The first one is the MATLAB environment and the second one is the C programming language based finite element code. The simulation results of the two environments were compared to each other focusing on the magnetic vector potential and the simulation time. Differences of the simulation results are showed in this paper, as well.


The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate suitability of anthocyanin from M. malabathricum as potential natural colourant for coating system and also to evaluate the colour stability of anthocyanin colorant with and without Ferulic acid (FA) stabilising agent in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder coating system. Besides that the purpose for this project is to analyse the colour stability of potential natural colourant in a coating system in terms of percentage of FA and pH toward UV-B irradiation using CIE system. The anthocyanin colourant from M.malabathricum using acidified methanol for crude and purified colourant. Purification was performed by liquid-liquid partition and ion exchange column chromatography. Different percentages of Ferulic acid as stabilising agent in order to improve resistance towards UV-B irradiation during the exposure period. FA added colourant was mixed with PVA to develop a coating system. To test colour stability of crude and purified anthocyanin colorant and anthocyanin-PVA blend towards UV-B irradiation,CIE colour analysis was carried out. CIE results were analysed in terms of L*C*H*a* and b* co-ordinate.Colour differences ΔE and saturation of colour, (s) were calculated in order to evaluate the visual colour variation in this study. CIE results shows that the colour variation of anthocyanin and anthocyanin-PVA blend both crude and purified affected by the addition of FA. The addition of 3% FA at pH3 showed better stability.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of theoretical‐genetic reflection in expansive learning and the transformation of an activity.Design/methodology/approach – Cultural‐historical activity theory is used to explicate forms of work‐related reflection, and an intervention method based on activity theory, the change laboratory, is presented.Findings – Different levels of reflection and the intellectual tools needed for them are identified.Research limitations/implications – The empirical support presented for the theoretical ideas in the article is based on an exemplary case. This intervention method makes it possible to analyze reflection as a tool‐mediated collaborative activity.Practical implications – The change laboratory method can be used to support expansive learning and learning to learn in work communities.Originality/value – The paper introduces a less well‐known original intervention methodology to the audience of the JOCM and demonstrates how it connects some current li...


Large crystals of amphibole were synthesized by slow cooling of a bulk composition nominally that of end-member fluor-pargasite. The crystal structure of two fragments of averagecomposition Nao.essCaz.oaalvlgo.ro, (Mga.227Als.11) (Si5.e62A12.03s)OzzFz, a 9.820(4), b 17.896(6), c 5.294(2) A. p 105.30(3)" V 897.4(2) Ar, and Na0308ca2.22;Mgo.,rr(Mgn.*rAior,r)(Sii.r*At .r*)ozpz, a 9.80s(2), 12.s68(5), c 5,297(2) A, B tos.:o(zf , v 895.4e) 43, C2lm, Z = 2, were refined to R indices of -l.3Vo for -1050 observed reflections collected with MoKo X-radiation. Tetrahedrally coordinated Al occurs at both Z(1) and (2), but with Al strongly preferring the f(1) site. This observed disorder is consistent with 2esi MAS NMR results on synthetic seandium-fluor-pargasite (Raudsepp et al. 1987). Octahedrally coordinated Al is ordered at M(2), similar to the ordering scheme in synthetic scandiumand chromium-fluor-pargasite @audsepp et al. 1987). Both Na and Ca occur at the A site in the crystals examined; tle pattem of electron density observed suggests that Na is disordered between A(m) nd A(2), and that Ca occurs predominantly at A(2).


Objectives: Glenoid bone loss in the setting of recurrent shoulder instability remains a challenging surgical problem. The coracoid process and iliac crest currently serve as primary autograft options for glenoid reconstruction. With regards to allograft alternatives, the distal tibia, first described in 2007, has good midterm outcomes when used during an index surgery and in cases of failed prior Latarjet reconstruction. While the distal tibia performs well in reconstructing the glenoid bony defect, it is a nonanatomic reconstruction and does not match the glenoid radius of curvature (ROC) in the anterior to posterior (AP) plane. No prior work has evaluated and described the utilization of the dorsal articular portion of the distal radius as an allograft reconstruction option for recurrent instability with glenoid bony deficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate distal radius fresh frozen allograft as a potential match for glenoid reconstruction through assessment of graft ROC and bone mineral density (BMD). Distal tibia allograft was utilized as the primary comparison group with both cadaveric and Computerized Tomography (CT) analysis. Methods: Eighteen fresh-frozen human cadaveric specimens (6 shoulder, 6 wrist, and 6 tibia) were utilized for this study. Specimens without osteoarthritis or prior surgical procedures were included. CT scans were obtained of all specimens to confirm the absence of osteoarthritis, significant joint deformity, or evidence of prior surgical procedure. Specimens were dissected free of all soft tissues except for the glenoid labrum of the shoulder and dorsal wrist ligaments of the distal radius. The ROC for each specimen were independently measured by two fellowship trained shoulder surgeons in both the superior to inferior (SI) and AP planes. Graft length in the SI plane was also assessed. A thirty percent defect was then created in all glenoid specimens and both distal tibia and distal radius grafts were harvested to assess graft fit post-fixation [Figure 1]. CTs were also analyzed to assess bony ROC and BMD for each specimen. Results: On cadaveric analysis, the mean SI graft length of the glenoid was 39.7 mm compared to 36.8 mm for the distal radius and 30.0 mm for the distal tibia [Table 1A]. Average ROC in the SI plane was 29.0 +/- 5.3 for the glenoid, 37.8 +/- 4.9 for the distal radius and 24.0 +/- 3.7 for the distal tibia; in the AP plan average ROC was 39.6 +/- 6.6 for the glenoid, 30.4 +/- 18.6 for the distal radius and 126.3 +/- 9.5 for the distal tibia [Table 1B]. On CT analysis, average ROC in the SI plane was 30.4 +/- 1.5 for the glenoid, 30.3 +/- 5.6 for the distal radius and 24.5 +/- 9.4 for the distal tibia; in the AP plane average ROC was 30.8 +/- 2.0 for the glenoid, 19.1 +/- 2.3 for the distal radius and 46.7 +/- 21.7 for the distal tibia [Table 2A]. Mean BMD was 226.3 +/- 79.0 for the glenoid, 228.5 +/-94.7 for the distal radius, 235.0 +/- 96.2 for the coracoid process, and 235.1 +/- 84.6 for the distal tibia [Table 2B]. Conclusions: Given fresh frozen allograft supply and cost constraints, exploration of additional graft options is necessitated. This study presents distal radius allograft as a novel reconstruction option for patients with anterior glenoid bone loss in the setting of recurrent glenohumeral instability. Compared with the distal tibia allograft, the distal radius had greater graft length in the SI plane providing possible utilization in cases of larger bony defects. The distal radius also has a more acute ROC in the AP plane (closer to that of the glenoid) compared with the distal tibia allograft providing a greater potential buttress to anterior humeral translation. Furthermore, the distal radius also has potential to employ the dorsal radio-carpal ligaments to perform an anterior capsular repair following allograft fixation. Finally, compared to currently utilized grafts (coracoid process and distal tibia), the distal radius BMD was not significantly diminished on CT analysis. This study presents the distal radius as a novel allograft reconstruction option in the setting of glenoid bone loss; further biomechanical and clinical investigation is indicated.


We define some pointwise properties of topological dynamical systems and give pointwise conditions to guarantee the positiveness of the topological entropy of such a system. We also give sufficient conditions to obtain positive topological entropy for maps which are approximated by maps with the shadowing property in a uniform way.


Traditional search engines,which are concerned about matching key words,don't involve the semantic level.The recall and precision of those are not able to fulfill users' demand.The other engines implementing semantic searching based on Ontology are over dependent on integrity of it,and their scopes are limited to a particular domain.In this paper,we present an semantic search model based on matching of concept while making use of concept's relationships in Ontology,it reduces the too high requirement for Ontology's completeness and extravagant dependence on Ontology.The model carries out semantic understanding of users's input and the distinction of concept,and it also expands domains and enhances the performance of searching.


By calculating with Excel and ploting with Origin and by making side reaction coefficient as major function, in the presence of masking agents, the pH values at the beginning of and after the full precipitation of slightly soluble substance, are determined and confirmed simply. The graph, which has specific physical meaning, can be understood easily.


From May to October in 2002,researches were conducted on the temporal and spacial dynamics of air and soil temperature in the subalpine Betula platyphylla forest in western Sichuan.The results showed that:1.Responses of the diurnal change of soil temperature in different layers to sunny and cloudy day were very different.The diurnal change of soil temperature would become smaller along with the increase of the soil depth,and the time when its highest temperature appeared would lag behind.The diurnal variation of air temperature in and outside the forest had also a different response to the climatic change;2.The mean ten-day soil temperature would increase with the elevation of mean ten-day air temperature.The mean ten-day air temperature had a larger change cextent than the mean ten-day soil temperature,and air had a more rapid change velocity than soil.Especially after early September,the dropping of air temperature was very obvious;3.In June and July,the mean monthly soil temperature was smaller than the mean monthly air temperatnre,but the case was reverse from May to October.The spatial structure and species composition of communities in the secondary Betula platyphylla forest were simple,and the leaf area index was also low,so the transmittance in communities was high and the difference of air temperature with in and outside the community was not so great,reflecting the main features of microclimate in the secondary broad-leaved forest on the subapine mountain in western Sichuan.


At low bit-rates, speech coders relying on a single source model have difficulties to properly render speech and background noise simultaneously. Difficulties can get even bigger when using speech enhancement techniques within the coding scheme: these have shown to improve quality for clean speech, but introduce unpleasant instabilities under noisy conditions. This paper presents a novel approach named Comfort Noise Addition (CNA) for post-processing noisy speech coding. It continuously injects comfort noise in both active and inactive segments of the decoded speech. Based on an accurate noise estimate, it enhances the reproduction of the background noise while masking artefacts from the coding and the speech enhancement. Listening tests confirm that CNA allows speech coders to compensate for the limitations of speech enhancement and to significantly improve the quality of noisy speech at low bit-rates. CNA was adopted in the recent 3GPP codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS).


Students first meet the wave‐particle paradox through the photon and wave descriptions of light. Yet, in basic courses on quantum mechanics, they study matter particles only, because the mathematics of the quantized radiation field is usually considered too advanced. An oscillating electromagnetic field is formally similar to a harmonic oscillator, whose energy eigenstates can represent states of well‐defined photon number. Using a computer program from the CUPS project, an approach will be described which demonstrates the action of the annihilation operator on these states, constructs coherent states which behave like classical electromagnetic fields, and shows how such states can be squeezed. All of these have practical relevance in modern optics. This is just one example of the computer making a hitherto unapproachable subject accessible to ordinary undergraduates. Computers have already changed how much of quantum mechanics is taught. As more such possibilities are realized, the teaching of the whole ...


A novel ultra wideband (UWB) bandpass filter with double notch-bands is presented in this paper. Multilayer schematic is adopted to achieve compact size. Stepped impedance resonators (SIRs), which can also suppress harmonic response, are designed on top and second layers, respectively, and broadside coupling technique is used to achieve tight couplings for a wide passband. Folded SIRs that can provide desired notch-bands are designed on the third layer and coupled underneath the second layer SIRs. The designed prototype is fabricated using multilayer liquid crystal polymer (LCP) technology. Good agreement between simulated and measured response is observed. The fabricated filter has dual notch-bands with center frequencies of 6.4/8.0 GHz with 3 dB bandwidths of 9.5%/13.4% and high rejection levels up to 26.4 dB and 43.7 dB at 6.4/8.0 GHz are observed, respectively. It also has low-insertion losses and flat group delay in passbands, and excellent stopband rejection level higher than 30.0 dB from 11.4 GHz to 18.0 GHz.


Abstract How does trading in one venue affect the quoting strategies of market makers in other venues? We develop a two-venue imperfect competition model in which market makers face quadratic costs when absorbing shocks. Nonconstant marginal costs imply that absorbing a shock in one venue simultaneously changes marginal costs in all other venues. Moreover, market makers strategically choose which shock(s) to absorb. These two forces may intensify competition, leading to enhanced liquidity. Using Euronext proprietary data, we track individual best bid and ask quotes of intermediaries in each venue. We uncover evidence of strategic cross-venue market-making behavior which is uniquely predicted by our model.


Background: Lifestyle changes, advertising, and access to high-calorie, low-value foods have led to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, and women are at greater risk in this regard. The aim of the present study was to identify the determinants of weight loss and obesity control behaviors based on Pender's health promotion model (HPM) among women referring to the healthcare centers of Shahrekord, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 500 women aged 18-49 years with a body mass index (BMI)≥25 in 2019. The cluster sampling method was performed on the healthcare centers, and women were selected using simple random sampling. The data collection instrument included a researcher-made questionnaire, the reliability and validity of which were approved, and finally, data were analyzed using analytical tests in SPSS 22 and Stata14. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) of the women's age was 34.33±8.2 years. A total of 57.8% of women had no history of weight loss and obesity control behaviors. Variables such as age, education level, and marital status were statistically significantly related to weight loss and obesity control behaviors (P≤0.05). Moreover, the constructs of prior related behaviors, interpersonal influences, and commitment to a plan of action were among the predictors of weight loss and obesity control behaviors and predicted 6.6% of behavioral changes (R2 : 6.6, P<0.05). Conclusion: Overall, prior related behaviors, interpersonal influences, and commitment to a plan of action are predictors of weight loss and obesity control behaviors, and thus it is suggested to place more on these constructs while designing relevant health-promotion interventions.


ING AND INDEXING For a full list of databases in which this journal is indexed, please visit http://designprinciplesandpractices.com/journals/collection. RESEARCH NETWORK MEMBERSHIP Authors in The International Journal of Design Education are members of the Design Principles and Practices Journal Collection or a thematically related Research Network. Members receive access to journal content. To find out more, visit http://designprinciplesandpractices.com/about/become-a-member. SUBSCRIPTIONS The International Journal of Design Education is available in electronic and print formats. Subscribe to gain access to content from the current year and the entire backlist. Contact us at email@example.com. ORDERING Single articles and issues are available from the journal bookstore at https://cgscholar.com/bookstore. HYBRID OPEN ACCESS The International Journal of Design Education is Hybrid Open Access, meaning authors can choose to make their articles open access. This allows their work to reach an even wider audience, broadening the dissemination of their research. To find out more, please visit http://designprinciplesandpractices.com/journals/hybrid-open-access. DISCLAIMER The authors, editors, and publisher will not accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may have been made in this publication. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cross-Cultural Collaboration for Curriculum Development of the First Women-Only Industrial Design Program in Saudi Arabia Carlos Montana-Hoyos, Dubai Institute of Design and Innovation, United Arab Emirates Elke Stracke, University of Canberra, Australia Karin Oerlemans, Kairos Consultancy and Training, Australia Lena Ahmed Darweesh, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia Abstract: This article presents a case study of cross-cultural collaboration. An Australian and a Saudi Arabian university collaboratively developed the curriculum for a bachelor of industrial design (ID) program at a women-only college of design in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This article first describes the local context for which the curriculum was developed with a focus on how gender segregation shapes education and workplace in the KSA. Next, the literature review discusses cross-cultural aspects of design and contemporary ID education. We highlight the main results of a benchmarking exercise of current undergraduate ID curricula worldwide that we conducted before describing the planning process for the new curriculum at the local college. We then focus on the interpretation of the curriculum from an Australian to a Saudi Arabian context and discuss constraints and complexities in its development. The article also presents a reflection of the value of the cross-cultural collaborative process, our experience, and learning for both partners, and future collaboration and research. This article presents a case study of cross-cultural collaboration. An Australian and a Saudi Arabian university collaboratively developed the curriculum for a bachelor of industrial design (ID) program at a women-only college of design in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This article first describes the local context for which the curriculum was developed with a focus on how gender segregation shapes education and workplace in the KSA. Next, the literature review discusses cross-cultural aspects of design and contemporary ID education. We highlight the main results of a benchmarking exercise of current undergraduate ID curricula worldwide that we conducted before describing the planning process for the new curriculum at the local college. We then focus on the interpretation of the curriculum from an Australian to a Saudi Arabian context and discuss constraints and complexities in its development. The article also presents a reflection of the value of the cross-cultural collaborative process, our experience, and learning for both partners, and future collaboration and research.


A three dimensional finite-element stress model was used to simulate the lead bending incurred during thermal cycling of a Flex connector joined to a silicon carrier via an eutectic solder. Three different coating conditions (no coating, with a polyimide coating, and with a silicone coating) were simulated. With the polyimide coating, lead bending was found to occur at the corner inner leads of the Flex as a result of the plastic strains accumulated there during thermal cycling. In the case of silicone, the corresponding plastic strains grew during the first thermal cycle but saturated subsequently, confirming the negligible lead bending observed experimentally. For the case of no coating, the highest plastic strain was found to be borne in part by the polyimide film at its edge and thus no significant bending was observed. In all cases, the results provided by the model agree well with the experimental observations.


In this paper the authors built the industry aggregation index which could be analyzed by significance test from the perspectives of kurtosis and skewness.Then,based on it,the authors measured and analyzed the aggregation level of China's electronic information industry from 1987 to 2007.The results show that the phenomenon of the industry aggregation of China's electronic information industry is significant,and the aggregation index throughout the whole study interval shows a rapid increase at first,followed by a gradual downward trend,thus exhibits an inverted U shape.And the distribution of the gathering mainly concentrates in the eastern coastal areas,including Guangdong,Jiangsu and Shanghai,and the concentration ratio is increasing gradually.


The article is devoted to the control of objects with non-stationary properties. The control problem statement of linear objects with predominantly monotonous change in properties is described. The features of identifying linear trends in the time series of a functioning control system, the technology for determining the trend model of the control object gain factor without additional elements in a closed control loop and determining the approach to correcting the tuning parameters of the controller, associated with the use of risk-based thinking, are considered. This topic is interest of specialists in technological process automation.

Keywords
non-stationarity of the control object, linear trend, selection of the object parameters trend in the control system, the risk reduction of untimely correction of the system controller


Educators are increasingly recognising the importance of improving students' mathematics achievement. Much of the current research focuses on the impact of instructional variables on mathematics achievement. The goal of this study was to examine the influence of less researched variables – family and student factors. Participants were 747 economically disadvantaged elementary students grades K-8 in Ohio. Predictor variables included: (a) 13 factors from a parent survey on both child and family circumstances and (b) reading achievement, measured by a norm-referenced achievement test. Outcome variables included three mathematics scales from the same achievement test. Regression analyses examined the impact of the predictors on the outcomes. Reading achievement significantly predicted mathematics achievement for all three outcomes. Parent pessimism and parent-perceived school/cognitive competence of children also emerged as significant predictors for two of the three mathematics outcomes. Implications for research, policy and practice will be shared.


An extremely innovative approach has been presented, which is to have the surgeon operate through a simulator running in real-time enhanced with an intelligent controller component to enhance the safety and efficiency of a remotely conducted operation. The use of a simulator enables the surgeon to operate in a virtual environment free from the impediments of telecommunication delay. The simulator functions as a predictor and periodically the simulator state is corrected with truth data. Three major research areas must be explored in order to ensure achieving the objectives. They are: simulator as predictor, image processing, and intelligent control. Each is equally necessary for success of the project and each of these involves a significant intelligent component in it. These are diverse, interdisciplinary areas of investigation, thereby requiring a highly coordinated effort by all the members of our team, to ensure an integrated system. The following is a brief discussion of those areas. Simulator as a predictor: The delays encountered in remote robotic surgery will be greater than any encountered in human-machine systems analysis, with the possible exception of remote operations in space. Therefore, novel compensation techniques will be developed. Included will be the development of the real-time simulator, which is at the heart of our approach. The simulator will present real-time, stereoscopic images and artificial haptic stimuli to the surgeon. Image processing: Because of the delay and the possibility of insufficient bandwidth a high level of novel image processing is necessary. This image processing will include several innovative aspects, including image interpretation, video to graphical conversion, texture extraction, geometric processing, image compression and image generation at the surgeon station. Intelligent control: Since the approach we propose is in a sense predictor based, albeit a very sophisticated predictor, a controller, which not only optimizes end effector trajectory but also avoids error, is essential. We propose to investigate two different approaches to the controller design. One approach employs an optimal controller based on modern control theory; the other one involves soft computing techniques, i.e. fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms and hybrids of these.


Vitamin D defi ciency is highly prevalent among critically ill patients and may be associated with adverse outcomes. Failure of conventional vitamin D supplementation in correcting defi ciency has called for studies to evaluate the effi cacy and safety of a highdose regime in critically ill patients. High-dose vitamin D supplementation that corrects a defi cient state eff ectively and safely allows for intervention studies to be undertaken to determine the impact of vitamin D on morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients.


Three modifications of mobility model of DTN's nodes are presented. These modifications are based on the Levy mobility model. Flight length of DTN nodes inside some locations (hot spots) is a random value with the Levy probability distribution function. Between locations the nodes can move differently. In the first modification nodes walk between different locations randomly; in the second modification nodes walk between locations using the least action principle; and in the third modification each node chooses the next location according to a limiting number of possible visits. These modifications are implemented in the Omnet++ simulation environment. This paper presents an experimental results of DTN nodes' movements modeling, and comparison of these results with real nodes movements data.


Ill-structured road scenarios are complicated due to inhomogeneous road surface and the lack of clear boundaries. In this paper, we propose a novel road boundary detection approach which is based on the multi-scale detection scheme and the use of patch-wise boundary cues. A characteristic scale range of road boundaries is first defined and estimated as a priori knowledge. Then, the patches with high local curveness strength are selected at each characteristic scale as the candidates potentially straddling the road boundaries, and are further validated by several cues globally. The road boundaries are finally localized precisely within the regions delimited by the candidate patches. The proposed approach reaches real-time requirements and has been tested on thousands of image frames covering a variety of challenging road scenarios. Experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of our algorithm.


The three quantities are (1) residual fault current, (2) steady-state recovery voltage, and (3) natural frequency of transient recovery voltage. Loci of constant values of each of these, plotted in rectangular coordinates of degree of zero-sequence shunt compensation versus degree of positive-sequence shunt compensation, are straight lines. The assignment of sets of such constant values gives a family of straight lines. The first family, representing fault current, are parallel and have positive slope. The third family, representing natural frequencies are parallel and have negative slope. The second family, representing recovery voltage, has differing slopes but all lines pass through a common point at coordinates 1,1.


Thirty authors contributed chapters to this volume, their numbers and range and influence attesting to the deep and wide influence of Van Engen (who is still active) on contemporary mission theory and practice. Although Van Engen himself is rooted firmly in the Reformed Christian family—as one might surmise from his name—the confessional range of the contributors covers the ecclesiastical gamut: Methodist, Presbyterian, Reformed, Pentecostal, Anabaptist, Independent, and Catholic, proof of his lifetime of service to the church worldwide. Furthermore, while the locus of Van Engen's ministry has been Latin America, the contributors hale not only from Latin America but also from Europe, North America, and South America, proof of Van Engen's global impact and continuing influence through missionaries, academics, and church leaders who have benefited from his thinking, writing, teaching, mentoring, encouraging, and modeling. The twenty-four chapters of this book all deal with mission theology, Van Engen's abiding interest, and are arranged in clusters of three under eight themes: Bible, Church Beliefs, Context, Church, Church History, Religious Pluralism, Modernity and Postmodernity, and Ministry Formation. Each of these is briefly introduced by Paul Hertig in his introduction to the book (xxvii–xxxi). Unlike most Festschrift volumes, and to the great credit of those who conceived and edited this volume, Van Engen himself responds to the essays in a concluding chapter, "Seeking Ways Forward in Mission Theology" (289–96). While several of the essays really stand out, given the strictures on this review and the high standard achieved by all of the authors, it would not be appropriate to single them out here. If I were still teaching theology of mission, this is one book that I would seriously consider as a reader. It is not often that one can say this about a Festschrift! Helpful would have been a comprehensive bibliography of Van Engen's numerous publications—articles, chapters, books, and edited volumes, in English and in Spanish. While the introductory biography (xvi–xx) provides an overview of the range of Van Engen's interests and his highly collaborative nature, such a list would make his various published contributions easier to access. The book's usefulness is enhanced by the four-page biography of Van Engen at the beginning and an extensive subject and name index.


Our aim is to find how asset allocation decisions might vary with investor's attitude about loss aversion. Based on the loss aversion theory, we modified the returns of the risky assets of the Mean-variance model, and set up an investor's objective function. By the empirical research, we show that the investor's feeling of loss aversion can have a potent effect on investment choice. Compared with a risk-averse investor, the investor who takes loss aversion into account will hold less risky assets. We also find that the degree of the investor's feeling of loss aversion can have significant impact on investment choice. The higher the degree is, the less the investor would invest in the risky assets.


We study two discrete predator-prey models in patchy environment, one without dispersal corridors and one with dispersal corridors. Dispersal corridors are passes that allow the migration of species from one patch to another and their existence may influence the permanence of the model. We will offer sufficient conditions to guarantee the permanence of the two predator-prey models. By comparing the two permanence criteria, we discuss the effects of dispersal corridors on the permanence of the predator-prey model. It is found that the dispersion of the prey from one patch to another is helpful to the permanence of the prey if the population growth of the prey is density dependent; however, this dispersion of the prey could be disadvantageous or advantageous to the permanence of the predator. Five numerical examples are presented to confirm the theoretical results obtained and to illustrate the effects of dispersal corridors on the permanence of the predator-prey model.


Forty eight Churra ewes were used to study the effects of suppl ementing diets with 3% of different vegetable oils (linseed oil, Lin; soya oil, Soy; olive oil, Oli) or hydrogenated palm oil (Control, Con) on fatty acid composition of suckling lambs covered by the protected geographical indication (PGI) "Lechazo de Castilla y Leon". The lambs were suckled by their dams and slaughtered when they reached 11 kg body weight. Samples


Objective: To determine the feasibility of a hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) approach for the treatment of left main (LM) coronary artery stenosis. Background: The recommended therapy for significant LM stenosis is coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of unprotected LM lesions is reserved for patients at high risk for complications with CABG. HCR in LM disease has not been studied. Methods: Twenty‐two consecutive patients with LM stenosis >70% underwent staged HCR. Following a robotic or thoracoscopic‐assisted minimally invasive left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to left anterior descending artery (LAD) coronary bypass, PCI of the LM, and non‐LAD targets was performed after angiographic confirmation of LIMA patency. Intravascular ultrasound confirmed optimal stent deployment. Thirty‐day adverse outcomes and long term follow up was obtained. Results: In the 22 patients with LM lesions, 6 were ostial, 5 mid, and 11 distal. LIMA patency was FitzGibbon A in all cases. LM stenting was successful in all patients with drug‐eluting stents (DES) placed in 21 of 22 cases. Three patients underwent stent implantation in the right coronary artery. There were no 30‐day major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events. At a mean of 38.8 ± 22 months postprocedure, 21 patients were alive without reintervention; one death occurred at 454 days. Conclusions: HCR for LM coronary disease is a feasible alternative to CABG and unprotected LM PCI. This approach combines the long‐term durability of a LIMA‐LAD bypass with the less invasive option of PCI in non‐LAD targets with DES. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Regions of oceanic deep convection such as the Labrador Sea are prone to baroclinic instability. The resulting geostrophic eddies play a crucial role in the post‐convection adjustment process which involves both rearrangement of mass so as to release available potential energy and exchange of heat and salt with the boundaries. In this study it is proposed that the slumping of isopycnals associated with baroclinic instability drives an eddy‐induced "overturning circulation" consisting of a surface intensified flow transporting low salinity water from the boundary currents into the interior; sinking motion in the interior; and an "outflow" at depth transporting newly ventilated Labrador Sea Water towards the boundaries. Typical eddy‐induced velocities estimated from hydrographic data are roughly 0.5 cm/s for the surface inflow, 1 m/day for the vertical motion, and 0.1 cm/s for the deeper outflow, in close agreement with those calculated in a numerical model.


into account the elevated serum creatinine concentra- Case Report tion prior to arteriography, the patient was given 1000 ml of saline solution intravenously in order to A 45-year-old man was admitted to our clinic because prevent the development of radiocontrast nephropathy. of existing severe hypertension diagnosed 4 years ago. Renal arteriography revealed abnormal reduction of Maximum blood pressure values observed were the abdominal aorta lumen and a discrete stenosis of 270 / 150 mmHg, and the patient sometimes noticed a the left renal artery. The contours of renal arteries and strong headache in the occipital region. Throughout their branches were irregular and reduction of cortical these years he received a variety of antihypertensive branches of renal arteries was also noted. In addition, drugs. Prior to the admission he was taking 10 mg renal angiography revealed numerous microaneurysms amlodipine once daily and 200 mg acebutolol twice of small arterial vessels. During renal angiography the daily. The therapeutic e V ect of this medication was patient had received 80 ml of a high-osmolar contrast not su Y cient. His usually blood pressure was mostly above 190 / 120 mmHg. After admission to the clinic, the patient's blood Immediately after radiography the patient felt well. mmHg. The plasma 210 m mol / plasma 350 m mol l mg / a g / dl, red blood cell count T / l, white blood the daily urine volume 400 ml were The cell count 7.5 G l, platelets


Introduce an universal LED Lattice display unit designing procession.The system uses microcontroller to drive and control the display unit.The computer transmits the data from Serial to microcontroller,and the microcontroller finishes driving and displaying independently.The system greatly facilitates the production of the hardware system,the entire system functions with the software without another change of hardware.


Language characteristics of the Korean Minority are weakening.This is caused by both social development and language development.The main problems are lacking language environment,and a decreasing number of people who use the language accompanied by an increasing number of Korean students who choose Han schools.Therefore,in Yanbian area,great importance should be attached to education of the Korean language.Efforts should be made to increase the number of students and build up a teaching body so as to promote healthy development of education for the Korean minority.