To my knowledge, this is the first comprehensive textbook dealing exclusively with the histological interpretation of needle core biopsy samples. To date, there have been one or two books edited by radiologists on needle core biopsy, which include chapters on histological interpretation. These by their nature have been restricted to basic principles.

The author of this book is of course well known to pathologists involved in breast disease reporting. He has numerous widely cited publications in peer review and in recent years has produced a major textbook on breast pathology based on his personal experience. Personally, I am a great admirer of his achievement, enthusiasm, and dedication to the field of breast pathology. For this reason, reading this book has been a pleasure.

First, I would point out that this book although dealing principally with needle core biopsy interpretation is also a distilled version of Rosen's textbook of breast pathology. Diagnostic entities are described in …


This paper focuses on an adaptation of Luigi Pirandello's novel The Late Mathias Pascal, centring on a disillusioned, grieving man who repeatedly fakes his own death; it proposes Queer Failure as an apt theoretical framework for analyzing the film's structure of meaning, and the performative patterns which underpin it. Adopting J. Halberstam's notion that 'alternatives dwell in the murky waters of a counterintuitive, often impossibly dark and negative realm of critique and refusal', the film's counter-narratives of recurring failure and multiple deaths can be read as potentially liberating and self-renewing. In the light of the plot's reliance on personal defeat, literal self-destruction, temporal and visual loops, and of Halberstam's suggestion that 'forgetting, losing, looping' may function as subversive paths to a freer existence, this paper examines the film's cyclic narrative of failure, re-start, and re-failure, through the acting of its star, Ivan Mozzhukhin. In line with Halberstam's claim that the failed subject 'begins afresh, unfettered by memory, tradition, and usable pasts', this paper argues that Mozzhukhin's presence is sustained and held in tension by the performance of a Nietzschean act/nonact, a re-wipe and re-start which is crucially linked to the acceptance or instigation of loss. This un-doing and re-booting of the Self is marked by the Queer fracture, or perversion, of normative adult selfhood, creating aberrant narratives that reject success-driven life trajectories. Through a range of unconventional acting strategies, Mozzhukhin builds an overarching coherence for his otherwise shattered identity; holding together an elaborate plot and three-hour film, and resting on the paradox of constantly re-assembling himself, Mathias Pascal nonetheless displays a unity of agency, embracing failure and change by a process that may be called 'wilful unbecoming'.


The regular cleaning of the materials deposed in sewer networks is realized, especially with equipment that uses high pressure water jets. The functioning of this equipment is dependent on certain process parameters that can vary, causing variations of the impact forces. The impact force directly affects the cleaning of sewer systems. In order to determine the influence of the process parameters on the impact forces produced by water jets the method of research used is the experiment. The research methods used is that Taguchi design and full factorial design. For the experimental determination of the impact forces a stand for generating water jets and a device for measuring the forces of impact are used. The processing of data is carried out using the Software Minitab 17.


The work is aimed at the studying of the reflexive process of a personality dur-ing psychoanalysis, which has never been researched empirically basing on the material of a subject's narrations of their dreams. It was shown that during the psychoanalytical process the reflexive processes of a personality enhance, become more active and change qualitatively. As reflection develops, the subjects start to think reflexively about their dreams, which leads to qualitative and quantita-tive change of intrapsychic images. The extracommunicative direction of dreams during psychoanalysis is replaced by the intrapsychic one, and the content of the reflexive processes changes qualitatively. The amount of ascertaining statements decrease, more frequent is detailed description of inner feelings and emotions of the subject.


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An object of the present invention is to provide a software of the secure authenticated channel. A software producer checks its own module, determines the range of the address in memory where the module occupies. Scope of protection of the addresses in the memory is defined in advance so as not to allow the changes, such as patching by hackers. Each producer is coordinated to perform the processing on all the other producers wish to distribute known good version of the range and the module address that describes the protected area. Other producers are, returns the digital signature of the protected area, these digital signatures are stored in the first manufacturer of the module. As its equivalent, the other producers will perform the same thing for their own modules. Thereafter, in order to achieve a secure communication channel between the two modules, the module is first to each other, passing the signature was created earlier. Thereafter, in order to ensure that communication with the authentic authorized modules have been made, through the use of signatures and memory protection region address range, each module, are patched to the other module to check that there is no. Moreover, module, respectively, all entry points in other modules scheduled call is to verify that indeed in memory protection region. If both modules are verified as trustworthy, these modules can be freely call each other. Each module, when called, shall verify that it was called from the memory protection region of the other modules. .Field


(A) a nucleic acid encoding a soluble Staphylococcus aureus sorbent A having a C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum residual signal; (b) a nucleic acid encoding a sorbent residue at the C-terminus followed by an endoplasmic reticulum (C) culturing a cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding a second polypeptide domain comprising at least a diglycine at the N-terminus, wherein the nucleic acid encoding the first polypeptide domain comprises Wherein the cell secretes a sorpta A conjugate of the first polypeptide domain and the second polypeptide domain, thereby producing a polypeptide comprising at least two polypeptide domains. A method for producing a polypeptide comprising more than two polypeptide domains has been reported.


The British writer Dickens was one of the foreign writers who had the strongest impact on the Zhang Tianyi's works from the earliest time.The novel and art style of Dickens promoted the fostering of both Zhang Tianyi's modern novel concept and the ironic aesthetic tendency,functioning as the first solid cornerstone of Zhang Tianyi's literature.Under the long subtle influence,Zhang's acceptance of Dicken's influence presented a dynamic process of development.As the consequence,Zhang Tianyi achieved the exceeding of the Dicken's influence on him by learning widely from others' strong points.


stable and non-hygroscopic salts consisting of magnesium fumarate of L-carnitine or alkanoyl L-carnitine which are suitable for the preparation of useful solid compositions as dietary / nutritional supplements in humans are described and as animal feed supplement for veterinary purposes .


In order to explain the mechanism of brittle fracture of mild steel, flow stress surface and fracture stress surface are assumed as follows;Flow stress surface: J2=a2I21/2+A(dI1/220/dt)nes/TFracture stress surface:σ11-1/2(σ33-|σ33|)=bI21/2+{B0-B1/2(σ-|σ|)}(dI1/220/dt)meU/T for σ11=Maximum principal stress σ33=Minimum principal stress ……etcWhere J2, and I2=The 2nd order invariant of stress deviator tensor, and plastic strain deviator tensor, respectivelyσ=Mean of principal stresses, T=Absolute temperatureA, B0, B1, S, U, m, n, a, and b=Material constants.S_??_170_??_180, U_??_65-75, n-m_??_0.02-0.04(B0/A)2(dI1/220/dt)2m-2n_??_{25(Statical tension) 10(charpy impact)dI1/220/dt=Total strain velocity, t=timeI20=The 2nd order invariant of total strain deviator tensor.As the relation between transition temperature and r/t (r: notch radius, t: plate thickness) the following formula is obtainedA2/B02e2(S-U)Tr=(3+e-2st/r)2(1+d2)+2d(e-4st/r-9)/12(3+e-2st/r)where A≡A(dI1/220/dt)n, B0=B0(dI1/220/dt)m d_??_{0.42(Statical tension) 0.09(charpy impact)Tr=Transition temperature (Absolute temperature), s=Constant.The calculated curves from this formula match very well with the experimental results by Mr. H.R. Thomas, etal., Mr. A.Boodberg, etal., and Mr. A.B.Bagsar.The data obtained by Mr. C.W.Macgregor etal., concerning with strain velocity and transition temperature are also explained by the above formula.


Equation based TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC) protocol has been proposed to support video streaming applications. In order to improve TFRC performance in wireless channels, the link level automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme is usually deployed. However, ARQ cannot ensure strict delay guarantees, especially over multihop links. This paper introduces a theoretical model to deduce an equation for packet size adjustment in transport layer to minimize retransmission delay by taking into consideration the causative reasons inducing retransmission in link layer. An enhanced TFRC (ETFRC) scheme is proposed integrating TFRC with variable packet size policy. Simulation results demonstrate that higher goodput, lower packet loss rate (PLR), lower frame transmission delay and jitter with good fairness can be achieved by our proposed mechanism.


The Communications Technology Satellite (CTS) is a cooperative experimental program of the United States and Canadian governments. The CTS uses a high-power transponder at the frequencies of 14/12 GHz for two-way television and voice communication. The United States and Canada have agreed to share equally in the use of CTS. The U.S. program includes a variety of societal experiments. The ground stations for these experiments are located from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The satellite communications capabilities and the antenna coverage for the U.S. are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the U.S. societal experiments in the areas of education, health care, and community and special services; nine separate experiments are discussed.


Objective To explore the effect of different scan parameters and algorithm on detection of iron deposition with coexsiting fat by dual soure CT.Methods One ml homogenate of normal rat liver tissues and 1 ml iron dextran solution with different concentrations (50.000,25.000,12.500,6.250,3.125,and 1.560 mg/ml) were fully mixed respectively.The 6 test tubes were scanned by dual source CT in the mode of dual energy to gain the iron specific slope.Different concentrations of dextran iron(50,40,30,20,10,and 5 mg/ml),triglyceride(volume percent were 60%,30%,and 10%,respectively),and homogenate of normal rat liver tissues were mixed.All 18 tubes were scanned by dual source CT with 80-140 kVp and 100-140 kVp,and all these images were reconstructed by filtered back projection (FBP) and singogram affirmed iterative reconstruction(SAFIRE).Raw data were reconstructed by filtering and iterative method.△H value (△H =CT value low kVp-CT valuehigh kVp) and overlay value of three substances decomposition algorithm were measured and analyzed by t test.The Spearmen correlation was applied in iron concentration and measured values.Results Iron specific slope was found to be 1.9392.When 80-140 kVp and 100-140 kVp were applied,△H values were (198 ± 28) and (152 ± 18) HU by using FBP reconstruction,and △H values were (191 ± 23) and (149 ± 17) HU by using SAFIRE reconstruction.The differences were statistically significant(t =-2.934 and-3.492,P =0.032 and 0.017).Overlay values were (381 ±54) and (236 ±31) HU by using FBP reconstruction,and overlay values were (399 ±53) and (276 ± 43) HU by using SAFIRE reconstruction.The differences were also statistically significant (t =-5.739 and-7.949,P =0.002 and 0.001).Under the same energy portfolio but different reconstruction,both △H and overlay value showed no differences (P > 0.05).Except for the conditions with 100-140 kVp tube voltage,△H had no correlation with iron solution concentration (P > 0.05) under either FBP or SAFIRE reconstruction.When other reconstruction methods and tube voltage combination were used,overlay or △H value showed correlation with iron solution concentrations (r value ranged from 0.959 to 0.997,P values < 0.01).Conclusions Different energy portfolios of dual source CT will act on the measured value of iron deposition.The measured values will not be affected by ways of reconstruction.For the detection of iron coexisting in fat,overlay values of material decomposition algorithm is better.

Key words:
Liver ;  Fats ;  Iron ;  Tomography,X-ray computed


Pedagogical approaches that emphasize the importance of creating 'global' citizens have been experiencing considerable momentum in the past thirty years in Canada and in other Western countries. Relying on the insights of critical race theory and postcolonial approaches in education and using Ontario's civics and social studies curriculum as case study, this thesis questions the claims advanced by the mainstream liberal literature on Global Citizenship Education (GCE) about this approach's benevolence and alleged break from traditional forms of citizen education based on nationalism. Instead, this dissertation demonstrates how approaches based on the idea of a global citizen reproduce a moralising liberal educational discourse in which imaginings of the moral white self (as a global citizen), the 'other' (as a global non-citizen) and the 'community' (Canada as a post-national entity in a globalized world) intersect, allowing for the organization of differences and similarities at an individual and collective level along racial lines. These representations, in turn, reinforce Canada's national identity as white and imperial, a discourse that traces its origins to the beginning of Canada's national project.


The polishing of optical components introduces defects in subsurface that can contribute to the damage initiation and the decrease of optical performance. These defects can trap electric charges or could be precursors to color center. We have proposed to study subsurface defects generated by the surface finishing by using trapping of charges and cathodoluminescence measurements. These two techniques are complementary: the cathodoluminescence gives information on defects having radiative decay and the grounded current can also be sensitive to other defects having non-radiative decay. It is shown that they are able to distinguish the surface finishing of natural silica. The defects are mainly concentrated in the first micron layer. We have also found that the repartition of defects on the surface in not homogeneous.


The imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the human brain might lead to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders including cortical malformations, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorders. We propose that the extracellular environment regulates interneuron differentiation and migration during development, ultimately affecting the excitatory/inhibitory balance. Using ventral cerebral organoids and dorso-ventral cerebral assembloids with mutations in the extracellular matrix gene LGALS3BP, we show that the composition of the extracellular environment regulates the molecular differentiation of neurons, resulting in alterations in migratory dynamics. To investigate how the extracellular environment affects neuronal specification and migration, we characterized the protein content of extracellular vesicles from cerebral organoids carrying a mutation in LGALS3BP, previously identified in individuals with cortical malformations and neuropsychiatric disorders. These results revealed differences in protein composition. Interestingly, proteins associated with cell-fate decision, neuronal migration and extracellular matrix composition were altered in mutant extracellular vesicles. Moreover, we show that treatment with extracellular vesicles changes the transcriptomic profile in neural progenitor cells. Our results indicate that neuronal molecular differentiation is regulated by factors released into the extracellular environment.


The occurrence of Tibetan migratory locust(Locusta migratoria ssp.tibetensis) came into fastigium again in recent years.Damages caused by this locust increased year by year since 2003 and the disastrous area reached 250 000 hm~2 in 2006.From the result of field survey by author in Tibet and west Sichuan,2006 was the most severe time suffered from Tibetan migratory locust in history of particular recordation.Distribution of the pest was also extended.The most serious regions were displaced from Brahmaputra to Gaerjiang river and Jinshajiang river drainage area,which attracted most attention on research and managent of the pest.


The last few years have seen major changes in the direction and culture of nursing education in the UK with its transfer into higher education. Other countries have also made this move recently, for example, Australia, some have been partially integrated for many years, for example, the USA and Canada, but there are many countries where this integration is yet to take place. This move into the university sector has highlighted several issues about the foundations of nursing as an academic discipline. There has been a debate, lead mainly by non-nurses, about whether nurse educationalists are qualified to teach certain foundation elements of nursing, for example, physiology. Others have argued that some disciplines, for example sociology, should not be taught to nurses at all. A further argument that has been put forward is that subjects like nursing are not appropriate for a university. What I wish to argue in this paper is that the distinction between pure and applied disciplines, which is predicated on some idea of actions, is central to understanding some of these issues and providing some of the solutions to the problems raised. I will approach the question by:


Background: In multiple sclerosis (MS), brain atrophy assessed by linear measurements of ventricular widths has been reported to be well correlated with three-dimensional (3D) measurements. Therefore, serial linear measurements with no need for advanced 3D evaluation may be proven to be robust markers of irreversible, destructive changes. Purpose: To evaluate the rate of supratentorial ventricular enlargement representing four decades of disease span. Material and Methods: 37 MS patients with disease duration at baseline ranging from 1 to 33 years were included. The mean time of the individual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up was 9.25 years (range 7.3–10 years). Enlargement rate of the third and lateral ventricles was studied over time by applying three linear measurements on axial 5-mm T1-weighted MRI images. Results: Progression of supratentorial ventricular widths during 9 years' follow-up was found. The mean annual width increase of the third ventricle was 0.20 mm (P<0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15–0.25), for the frontal horn width 0.32 mm (P<0.001, 95% CI 0.23–0.40), and increase of the intercaudate distance was 0.26 mm (P<0.001, 95% CI 0.19–0.33). The association between these three measurements and disability status persisted at the time of follow-up. Conclusion: We found uniform ventricular enlargement progression during four decades of disease span, suggesting unchanging total brain atrophy progression over time.


The photoinitiators used in light mediated hydrogelation have been limited due to cytotoxicity and solubility issues. Here we report the use of riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide as nontoxic, naturally occurring photoinitiators for the thiol–ene hydrogelation of functionalised poly(ethylene glycol). High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy and oscillatory rheometry were used to probe the efficiency of these initiators for this hydrogel system. The gelation and reaction progression could easily be manipulated using different initiator concentrations and light intensities.


In the determination of the numerous causes of contact dermatitis of the eczematous type, the patch test has been of almost immeasurable aid. In approximately one third of the patients in whom the cause is not immediately apparent, the etiologic agent can be discovered by patch testing. Increasing experience has so conclusively demonstrated the value of the method that its use has become almost routine in the management of dermatitis of the contact-eczematous type. General acceptance of the patch test has given to it a measure of legal standing in industrial dermatology, in which the method has found its widest application. If this is to continue, further study directed particularly to the mechanism and the cyclic variations in the responses to patch tests is necessary. Likewise greater recognition of the possibility of late, or delayed, reactions, with an understanding of the factors underlying them is desirable. Although delayed reactions have


The non-destructive inspection of large concrete walls is still an unsolved problem. One possible technique is to use driven wheels for the propulsion and a vacuum system for the adhesion. The seals for the vacuum chambers are slipping over the rough surface, therefore it is not guaranteed that the chambers are always airproof. Especially over concrete walls a special seal construction must be found to make the adhesion more safe. On the other side the propulsion system must be able to produce enough force for carrying and accelerating the robot to a suitable velocity. This paper will present the climbing robot Cromsci which uses the described techniques. The propulsion system consists of three omni directional driven wheels which are airproof and completely rotatable and has been presented in earlier papers before. For adhesion a vacuum system of seven controllable vacuum chambers and one reservoir chamber is used. This system including chambers and seals will be discussed in more detail. The rough and sharp-edged surface of concrete walls cause strong requirements to the sealing concerning leak tightness and attrition. Therefore, each sealing must be flexible to allow a good adaption to the ground but also let the robot slip when the wheels are turning.


It is a common observation that benign tumors of the esophagus are of rare occurrence. In 1933 Patterson1was able to assemble only 63 cases from the world's literature, and since that time case reports have been few and scattered. The actual rate of occurrence may be slightly higher than the figures indicate. Benign tumors often are asymptomatic and are encountered accidentally at autopsy. Since a "routine" autopsy often does not include thorough examination of the esophagus, it must be presumed that a certain percentage of such tumors are never discovered. Within the group of benign neoplasms, those tumors which are grossly polypoid or pedunculated appear to be of somewhat greater interest and importance than the others. To judge from the literature, they account for slightly more than one third of all benign lesions. Exception might be taken to any classification of tumors based on size and shape alone.


: The safety of nuclear power plants has received much attention; this safety largely depends on the continuous availability of electrical energy source during all modes of nuclear power plant operation. A station blackout (SBO) describes the loss of the off-site electric power, the failure of the emergency diesel generators, and the unavailability of the alternate AC (AAC) power. Consequently, all systems that are AC powered such as the safety injection, shutdown cooling, component cooling water, and essential service water systems are unavailable. The aim of this study is to investigate the deficiencies of the existing alternatives for coping with an extended SBO for APR1400 design. The method is analyzing the existing deficiencies and proposing an optimal solution for the NPP design during the extended SBO. This study, established a new passive system, called passive decay heat removal system (PDHRS), using systems engineering approach.


17, 2 leaves ; Bibliography: leaves 16-17. ; This work was supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.


The propagation, generation and radiation of magneto–acoustic–gravity (MAG) waves are modelled using the approach of a "wave analogy" (Campos 1987) analogous to the original "acoustic analogy" (Lighthill 1952), viz.: (i) the starting point is the general equations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) describing a viscous electrically conducting fluid in the presence of magnetic and gravity fields; (ii) a steady inhomogeneous mean state is considered, i.e. an atmosphere under non-uniform gravity and external magnetic field; (iii) the linear non-dissipative perturbation terms are eliminated for the velocity perturbation, leading to the magneto–acoustic–gravity wave operator, which combines sound, Alfvén and internal waves and their interactions; (iv) the non-linear and dissipative terms are retained to model the sources of MAG waves, which consist of an hydronamic tensor (Lighthill 1952), an analogous hydromagnetic tensor (Campos 1977), and a "new" hydrogravity tensor. For MAG wave propagation within an atmospheric scale height, the dispersion matrix is used to calculate the radiation field, leading to an estimate of the wave energy flux in the far field. The latter is calculated for the solar chromosphere, and is found to be comparable to the solar radiative losses, suggesting that hydromagnetic turbulence and ionized inhomogeneities are the sources of MAG waves which transport a substantial energy flux through the atmosphere of the sun. A second application is made to estimate the magnitude of magnetic non-degenerate stars based on the assumption that their luminosity is due to energy transport by MAG waves, whose sources are predominantly hydromagnetic; this leads to a scaling law between stellar magnitude and magnetic field strength, which may be a reasonable alternative to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram for magnetic non-degenerate stars. This suggests that hydromagnetic sources of MAG waves dominate the energy transport in stellar atmospheres for r.m.s. magnetic field strengths of the order of 150 G or more.


In addition to the common complications involving hepatic artery, hepatic vein and biliary tract, which have already been mentioned and discussed in the preceding parts of this article, there are some uncommon complications which have been reported in the medical literature as the case report or as the case- series analysis. This paper sums up these uncommon complications. Part of these uncommon complications can be treated with interventional therapy. It is very important for interventional radiologists to make a further understanding of the different etiology of these uncommon complications occurred after liver transplantation so as to get a comprehensive knowledge about the complications after liver transplantation.


Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of acupuncture and Shen Ling Bai Zhu San in treating post-stroke diarrhea,and its effect on the intestinal mucosal permeability.Methods Seventy-six patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group by the random number table,38 cases in each.The treatment group was given both acupuncture treatment and Shen Ling Bai Zhu San,and the control group was treated only with medication.The diarrhea index and intestinal mucosal permeability were evaluated before treatment and after 1-week treatment.Result The intra-group comparison of diarrhea index,plasma diamine oxidase and D-lactic acid showed significant differences(P0.05);after treatment,the inter-group comparison of diarrhea index,plasma diamine oxidase and D-lactic acid also showed significant differences(P0.05).Conclusion It is effective to use acupuncture and Shen Ling Bai Zhu San in treating post-stroke diarrhea and improving the intestinal mucosal permeability.


The paper presents some activities concerning results and new initiatives on the UAV theme in progress at the Department of Aeronautical Engineering (DPA) of University of Naples During last five years the authors' research group gained experience in the realization of a small advanced composite unmanned aircraft named Federica. Moreover DPA is involved in a European Community funded project, USICO (Uav Safety Issues for Civil Operations). The continuous evolution of military and civil environments, the new emerging requirements issued by the potential users and the coming regulations have induced the research group, together with other national and international organizations to develop a new project of small, low altitude UAV. Many potential UAV users are looking for a remote operating system able to monitor in a range of few kilometres at moderate altitudes. The possibility of such remote monitoring can be performed by small, low cost UAV, with simplified operational characteristics in both civil and military environment. The preliminary development of a new low altitude UAV will be presented in the paper. Advanced composites are used for the primary structure of the aircraft. The system is characterized by remote control capabilities and some automatic functions implemented to increase the safety in critical conditions.


Most investigations of predictors of therapeutic change report that less seriously disturbed patients have greater capacity to benefit from treatment while other investigations indicate that more seriously disturbed patients have greater potential for change. The results of the present study indicate that the prognosis for seriously disturbed young adults to gain from long-term, intensive, inpatient treatment is indicated by an initial capacity to communicate disordered thinking and disruptive experiences as well as a capacity for establishing appropriate and constructive interpersonal relationships. Greater disordered thinking and the representation of more malevolent, unilateral interactions, as well as more differentiated and integrated representations of the human figure on the Rorschach early in treatment, related to less intense and frequent clinical symptoms and more intact and appropriate interpersonal relationships after approximately 15 months of treatment. While the relevance of these findings ...


The thermo‒pluviometric network covering Catalonia (north‒east Spain) is formed by a few synoptic stations and a larger number of thermometric and pluviometric gauges. In spite of this relatively high number of gauges, some parts of the country are not well covered by the network and even a very simple criterion for establishing new sites, such as that of considering a homogeneous distribution of the network, becomes useless owing to the complex topography of the country. Consequently, the main goal of our present study is to apply a method that could lead to the optimization, from a climatological viewpoint, of the pluviometric network by means of more sophisticated criteria. Given that we wish to keep the present network, the strategy is to detect new optimal sites for a future enlargement of the pluviometric network. Our data base includes monthly amounts derived from each pluviometric gauge. The method is based on the establishment of empirical laws relating monthly amounts to topo‒geographical parameters, their residuals and the weight of each parameter on these laws. All these factors model a complex process that will lead us to define a relative location probability index (RLP) and its modified version (MRLP) for possible points of the domain without a pluviometric gauge. Finally, we suggest a procedure for adding new gauges and simultaneously removing gauges with redundant information.

©1998 Royal Meteorological Society.


Independent investigators have found that sugar can be fermented to alcohol for gasohol in 15 minutes by immobilizing organisms such as Zymomonas mobilis on rotating fibers. Half a pound of Celite has the surface area of a football field and it can be entrapped in the fibers to hold many cells. Many others take several hours. In another design, methanol can be dissociated to CO and H{sub 2} and 30% more energy obtained because waste heat is utilized. When one mol goes to three there is an expansion, and this is provided for. Both these designs result in clean fuels and are covered by U.S. patents.


The dermoscope is not just a glorified hand lens with lighting. When we look at a skin lesion with a magnifying loupe with lighting, most of the light is scattered due to the reflective property of the stratum corneum. There are two ways to overcome this problem so as to allow more light to pass through the stratum corneum, enabling us to look deeper into the skin to visualize the pigment and vascular patterns among other things [Figure 1a]. One is by using a fluid medium as an interface and a transparent glass contact plate [Figure 1b] and the other is by using a cross polarized light [Figure 1c]. Most newer dermoscopes come with an option of polarized light allowing both contact and noncontact dermoscopy.


Sustainability in parcel delivery is a growing area of interest, especially for third-party logistics providers (3PLs). The recent increase of urban population is directly related to the increase request of goods in urban areas, and consequently to the growth of the urban freight transport and CO2 emissions. For these reasons, national and local institutions carried out regulations and incentives to reduce urban pollution and promote zero-emission vehicles. In particular, daily tickets to access to city centers is a common regulation applied to reduce freight transport. This paper presents a new SPD model that compares Eclectic Vehicles (EVs) and Fossil Fuel Vehicles (FFVs) considering economic savings and CO2 emissions, for parcel delivery from a single distribution center to a set of delivery point located inside and/or outside an urban area. Limitations as the daily ticket, the fuel cost, the battery duration are considered to provide 3PLs an innovative model to evaluate both the economic convenience and the environmental impact of its vehicles fleet. Through an explanatory study, economic considerations are carried out, related to the length of the route, the daily ticket cost, and the fuel cost to evaluate and to assess the different transportation options. It demonstrates that EVs are more convenient in terms of economic savings when the route (urban distances) and the daily ticket cost increase.


Robot control systems and other manufacturing equipment are traditionally closed systems. This circumstance has hampered system integration of manipulators, sensors as well as other equipment, and such system integration has often been made at an unsuitably high hierarchical level. With the aid of vision, visual feedback is used to guide the robot manipulator to the target. This hand-to-target task is fairly easy if the target is static in Cartesian space. However, if the target is dynamic in motion, a model of the dynamics behaviour is required in order for the robot to track and intercept the target. The purpose of this project is to simulate in a virtual environment to show how to organise robot control systems with sensor integration. This project is a simulation that involves catching a thrown virtual ball using a six degree-of-freedom virtual robot and two virtual digital cameras. Tasks to be executed in this project include placement of virtual digital cameras, segmentation and tracking of the moving virtual ball as well as model-based prediction of the virtual ball's trajectory. Consideration have to be given to the placement of the virtual digital cameras so that the whole trajectory of the ball can be captured by both the virtual digital cameras simultaneously. In order to track the trajectory of the virtual ball, the image of the ball captured by the digital cameras has to be segmented from its background. Then a model is to be developed to predict the trajectory of the virtual ball so that the virtual robot can be controlled to align itself to grasp the moving virtual ball.


This is the first published paradoxist manifesto in the world (1983), written by Florentin Smarandache who founded the Paradoxism in literature, arts, philosophy, and science.


Laser cladding Ti–6Al–4V can be achieved with various weight percentages of different carbide powders. The microstructure and morphology of the clad layer is determined by the cladding powder composition, for a given set of laser parameters, such that 10 and 20 wt %Cr3C2 results in a β + TiC clad microstructure; 10 and 20 wt %WC results in an α + TiC clad microstructure (plus some original WC); and Mo2C gives an α + β + TiC or β + TiC structure, depending on the weight percentage of Mo2C. The morphology of the TiC in all cases is dendritic or feathery, depending on the carbide content. The microstructure observed in all cases agreed well with that theoretically predicted from the energetics of carbide formation and β‐stabilizing properties of each element.


Objective: To observe the protective effect of Bao-gan-kang-lao decoction on acute hepatic injury.Methods: The acute hepatic injury model of mice was induced by carbon tetrachloride and anti-tuberculosis drugs Rifampacin and Isoniazid.We measured the changes of serum ALT,AST and liver index after the administration of the Bao-gan-kang-lao decoction for 6 days,and observed the acute toxicity of Bao-gan-kang-lao decoction.Results: Bao-gan-kang-lao decoction with the dose of 22 and 44 g·kg-1·d-1 could obviously reduce the levels of ALT and AST and the coefficient of liver weight induced by carbon tetrachloride and anti-tuberculosis drugs Rifampacin and Isoniazid.The maximum dosage to mice was 225 g·kg-1·d-1 155 times of human clinical dosage.Conclusions: Bao-gan-kang-lao decoction has protective effect on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and anti-tuberculosis drugs Rifampacin and Isoniazid.Bao-gan-kang-lao decoction has not much toxicity,and is safe and reliable in clinic.


The AIRS Science Team Version 5.0 retrieval algorithm will become operational at the Goddard DAAC in early 2007 in the near real-time analysis of AIRS/AMSU sounding data. This algorithm contains many significant theoretical advances over the AIRS Science Team Version 4.0 retrieval algorithm used previously. Three very significant developments are: 1) the development and implementation of a very accurate Radiative Transfer Algorithm (RTA) which allows for accurate treatment of non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (non-LTE) effects on shortwave sounding channels; 2) the development of methodology to obtain very accurate case by case product error estimates which are in turn used for quality control; and 3) development of an accurate AIRS only cloud clearing and retrieval system. These theoretical improvements taken together enabled a new methodology to be developed which further improves soundings in partially cloudy conditions, without the need for microwave observations in the cloud clearing step as has been done previously. In this methodology, longwave CO2 channel observations in the spectral region 700 cm-1 to 750 cm-1 are used exclusively for cloud clearing purposes, while shortwave CO2 channels in the spectral region 2195 cm-1 to 2395 cm-1 are used for temperature sounding purposes. The new methodology is described briefly and results are shown, including comparison with those using AIRS Version 4, as well as a forecast impact experiment assimilating AIRS Version 5.0 retrieval products in the Goddard GEOS 5 Data Assimilation System.


The tension between advancing water science and the outdated legal regimes underlying water allocation produces thorny issues for courts, which must apply rules based on outdated assumptions, and water managers, who are tasked with understanding water's physical behavior, allocating supplies fairly, and preserving the resource for future generations. Texas is legendary for its long-standing commitment to the common law "rule of capture," which allows landowners to keep as much groundwater as they can pump without liability to nearby landowners whose supplies are depleted. Texas recently took this property rights scheme a step further in Edwards Aquifer Authority v. Day, in which the state Supreme Court concluded that common law provides Texas landowners vested rights in groundwater while it is in place beneath their land, prior to capture. Although the decision has been criticized for expected deleterious effects on groundwater management, this Note argues that the court provided a path supporting more aggressive regulation. Therefore, this flawed ownership doctrine is not determinative of Texas's ability to manage its groundwater moving for the future. Rather, this Note concludes that Texas must expand its legislative scheme because modern management goals demand more comprehensive, flexible, and expert management than an adjudicatory strategy can produce.


Summary Five morphologically similar species of Acrapex Hampson (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini), from sub-Saharan Africa are reviewed, including four new species that are described: Acrapex mondogeneta Le Ru n. sp., A. mubale Le Ru n. sp., A. robe Le Ru n. sp. and A. rubona Le Ru n. sp. These five species belong to a species complex that we hereby define as the Acrapex minima group. Host plants of three species are recorded; Acrapex minima is recorded for the first time on a host plant, Digitaria natalensis Stent; A. mondogeneta on Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf and A. rubona on Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. We also conducted molecular phylogenetics (using both Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood) and molecular species delimitation analyses (Poisson tree processes) on a six gene multi-marker dataset (four mitochondrial and two nuclear gene fragments; 4582 nucleotides in length) of 42 specimens and 22 species, including 23 specimens from the Acrapex minima group. The results of the corresponding analyses support the monophyly of the group and the species status of the newly described taxa.


Summary: The goal of the article is to present results of research aimed at evaluating the influence of distribution models of pharmaceuticals on hospital staff. The research was carried out in a Polish hospital, including ca. 1500 beds and 30 wards. Process analysis and mapping by means of the BPMN standard were used for the sake of the research. Logistics processes in the hospital pharmacy were analysed, including ward data. In order to obtain research data, hospital staff was observed and interviewed. The results of the research proved that the shift of the location where patient doses of pharmaceuticals are picked and use of an automated distribution device will not always contribute to the reduction of workload of staff in all processes. analysis and mapping was performed on the basis of process research methodology with the use of the BPMN 2.0 standard. iGrafx software was applied to con-duct the modelling and the simulation of analysed processes. The test covered six subprocesses concerning the process of managing the flow of medicinal products. Employees' workload was analysed in detail.


This is a timely, relevant and a remarkably well-written book. That is as it should be. Billed as the result of a unique symposium-like collaboration between social policy experts and humanists. Doing Good certainly must have satisfied its sponsor, the New York Council for the Humanities, by bringing to the concern with policy something that it has sadly lacked: literary elegance. This is no small matter. A virtual revolution could be wrought in the social sciences if their practitioners could learn to pose problems in much the following manner: "…we recognized that a claim once considered to be of the most virtuous sort, the claim to be acting benevolently, had now become—to understate the point—suspect; if the last refuge of the scoundrel was once patriotism, it now apeared to be the activity of 'doing good' for others, acting in the best interests of someone else….


Any books that you read, no matter how you got the sentences that have been read from the books, surely they will give you goodness. But, we will show you one of recommendation of the book that you need to read. This current aspects and concepts of nursing coordinating bridging and rehabilitation in organ transplantation excerpta medica international congress series 1081 is what we surely mean. We will show you the reasonable reasons why you need to read this book. This book is a kind of precious book written by an experienced author.


and results, and giving an overview, although she does very skillfully integrate theory and empirical data from the extensive literature she draws upon. At times, however, insufficient detail is given for the reader to truly grasp the import of her analysis. As a result the book does not stand in its own right and this is a great shame. Despite this shortcoming, however, the book remains a vital and valuable complement to existing textbooks on labour economics, the sociology of work and industrial relations, all of which have tended to overlook or miscomprehend women's work. It thus fills an important gap in these areas.


Collaborative filtering (CF) is one of the popular methods for selecting contents suited to user's preference. CF represents user's preference as ratings of matrix form. In real systems and services, the percentage of missing ratings (called sparsity) is usually high. Matrix factorization (MF) is an efficient method to estimate missing ratings from a small number of ratings. There is, however, a limit to how well MF can deal with missing ratings. Collaborative topic regression (CTR) is a pioneer model, which uses not only ratings but also document information regarding items and users. CTR is quite effective in extremely high sparsity situations, but its performance may be inferior to that of MF in relatively low sparsity situations. We assume that it is important to select words in the documents based on document frequency according to sparsity. And CTR has several hyperparameters that adjust the influence strength of the ratings and the latent topics extracted from the documents. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the combination of words used in latent topic extraction and hyperparameters under several sparsity levels. These elements are likely to be closely related to each other; hence, it is important to clarify their relationships to leverage CTR. As a result of our experiments, we summarize guidelines for word selection and hyperparameter settings for leveraging CTR according to sparsity.


This study was designed to test whether there is a functional relationship between sensory stimulation and stereotyped movements (SM). Four children with autism and intellectual disability (according to DSM-IV criteria) who showed stereotyped movements were studied. The Short Sensory Profile was used to define whether a child perceived stimulation within each sensory modality as aversive, attractive, or neutral. The Stereotyped and Self-Injurious Movements Interview was used to identify each child's repetitive movements. Children were then exposed to sensory stimuli that were neutral, aversive or attractive. Results indicate that children: (a) initiate or increase stereotyped movements immediately following the onset of an aversive stimulus, (b) terminate or decrease stereotyped movements following the onset of an attractive stimulus and (c) initiate or increase stereotyped movements during periods of neutral stimulation. We conclude that stereotyped movements are functionally related to sensory stimulation; individuals who frequently engage in stereotyped movements may do so in order to cope with under-stimulation and aversive over-stimulation.


ABSTRACT Eleven active acromegalic patients were given 40–80 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) daily by mouth for 5 months to 1 yr. Three patients had significant reductions in mean 24-hr growth hormone concentration (MGHC) from pretreatment levels of 547, 348 and 237 to 34, 61 and 80 ng/ml, respectively, at 5 months post MPA. This decrease was associated with subjective improvement. Five patients with lower initial plasma GH levels developed significant increases in their MGHC while taking MPA. In the doses given, MPA produced no abnormality of PBI, T4, cholesterol, triglyceride, folic acid, glucose tolerance, or insulin during 5 months of administration.


Abstract 4703

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) from normal donors for preventing acute GVHD following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT).

Methods: In this study, a new method of separating and culturing HUCMSCs was used. The human umbilical cord tissue was digested by collagenase II for 2h. And after being passaged to P3, more HUCMSCs could be obtained. In the control group, after being lethally irradiated, DBA/2(H-2Kd) mice were transferred bone marrow (BM) and splenocytes (SC) from C57BL/6 (H-2Kb) mice. Recipients in the HUCMSCs-treated group were adoptive transferred HUCMSCs, BM and SC at day 0 and were transferred only HUCMSCs at day 3 again. The two groups were compared in weight, survival, histopathological specimens, lymphocyte subgroups and serum cytokine analysis.

Results: In vitro, IFN-γ treated HUCMSCs have a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of CD4 + T cells (P 0.05). IDO is involved in the immunosuppression of HUCMSCs. In the HUCMSCs-treated group, 50% of the mice survived over 30 days after BMT, but in the control group all mice died within 18 days. The mice treated with HUMSCs exhibited light symptoms of aGVHD after day 14. There were higher IFN-γ and IL-12 levels by day 7 in serum of mice that received HUCMSCs compared to those without HUCMSCs-treatment, while the IL-4 levels showed no significant difference between the two groups. The proportion of CD3+NK1.1+NKT cells in splenocytes of HUCMSCs-treated group is higher in day 21 compared with in day 7.

Conclusion: Using the new method of digesting human umbilical cord tissue by collagenase II for 2h, we obtained stable and pure HUCMSCs. IDO is involved in the immunosuppression of HUCMSCs. After the xenogeneic transplantation of HUCMSCs to the aGVHD model of mice, HUCMSCs can regulate cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-12 to increase CD3+NK1.1+NKT cells.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In the philosophy of mind, the controversy between realists and antirealists often concerns the logical form of sentences embedded in attitude reports. Antirealists believe that such sentences refer to psychological states; realists believe that they refer to situations or states of the world. In this essay, it is shown how these two modes of semantic representation are associated with different approaches to the computational modeling of cognitive processes. I put forward a normative account of methodology in artificial intelligence that reconciles realism and antirealism, and suggest that my account sheds light on the problem of representing the logical form of attitude reports.


Far from being a well-regulated, predictable totality, the early modern English economy defied reliable oversight. Measure for Measure charts the unpredictable flow of goods, services, bodies, and information. This essay considers how our understanding of early modern comic form as driven by the compensatory logic of payment in kind is connected to perceptions of the early modern economy as itself limited to a series of exchanges that establishes the equivalence of two values. While comic closure ensures restitution, the genre simultaneously refuses to adhere to its own reparative logic. Measure for Measure elaborates an alternative means of achieving satisfaction via participation in a sympathetic system. In the place of economic rationality, we are confronted with the unknowability of diffuse and productive forces that prime, incite, and orient (and disorient) people.


We report a case involving a man who complained about pro- gressively appearing multiple tumors, some of them painful, whose histological study was consistent with piloleiomyomas. The presence of multiple lesions can be found in the context of a familial syndrome, due to mutations in the fumarate hydratase gene that may occur in addition to kidney cancer and uterine fibroids. In our case, the finding of a complete deletion of this gene confirmed the diagnosis.


Abstract T. Sigeru reported the reaction of 2-benzothiazolesulfen-amide with phosphites, but other P-reagents have not been used. we found that this compound can react with tris(dialkylamino)phosphines or bis(dialkylamino)phosphites to give products (I). No S-N bond cleavage was observed in the reaction performed as described by T. Sigeru. In the presence of subetituent in amino group, the reaction proceeds differently.


The Indian Constitution guarantees all fundamental rights to mentally ill people. Gender is a significant factor when a woman develops a mental illness, the necessary assistance is sometimes tardily sought. Although laws exist to safeguard the rights of mentally ill women receiving institutionalised care in India, execution is still a pipe dream. Women who are institutionalised with mental illnesses might experience change in their life and see improvements in their mental health with coordinated efforts at the social, political, economic, and legal levels. This research focuses on the issues mentally ill women encounter when receiving treatment and care within a Mental Health Care Centre.


1. Intracellular records were obtained from giant reticulospinal cells (Müller cells) in the brain of adult lamprey. The cells had maximum resting potentials of ‐80 mV and action potentials with overshoots of 30 mV. Input resistances varied from 2 to 8 MΩ.


By investigating concepts of region and regional economy,this paper establishes the evaluation index system of regional economy,and then implements the synthetical evaluation of 13 cities in Jiangsu province by employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process with interval judgment and interval eigenvalue method.With the results of the synthetical evalution for the regional economy of Jiangsu province compared,this paper makes some suggestions for Jiangsu province to advance the development of its regional economy.


Authors: D. Cuadrado-Calle, D. George, B. Ellison, G. A. Fuller, and K. Cleary. 1 University of Manchester, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. 2 University of Manchester, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. 3 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Dicot, OX11 0XU, UK. 4 California Institute of Technology, Department of Astronomy, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.


Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of application of high-dose Ara-C in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia(AML) after remission.Methods Retrospective analysis was used to carry out follow-up observation on long-term survival of AML patients treated with 4 courses of high-dose cytarabine strengthened chemotherapy after complete remission resulting from initial treatment.Results Of the twenty-four patients,15 survived more than 2 years(62.5%),of them,8(33.3%) got disease-free survival already for 5 years.Conclusion High-dose Ara-C is safe and effective chemotherapy in patients with AML and is an important treatment for AML patients to get a long-term disease-free survival.The treatment is worthy of large-scale clinical application.


We give a simplified definition of topological T-duality that applies to arbitrary torus bundles. The new definition does not involve Chern classes or spectral sequences, only gerbes and morphisms between them. All the familiar topological conditions for T-duals are shown to follow. We determine necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of a T-dual in the case of affine torus bundles. This is general enough to include all principal torus bundles as well as torus bundles with arbitrary monodromy representations. We show that isomorphisms in twisted cohomology, twisted K-theory and of Courant algebroids persist in this general setting. We also give an example where twisted K-theory groups can be computed by iterating T-duality.


-Zooplankton has high nutrition value because of some vitamins, amino acids and fatty acids in them. Cow urine is known for its medicinal properties and therapeutic value in india. There are many reports which revealed the application of cow urine in agriculture, poultry, animal health and human health. However, there are no reports for its application in live feed culture. Hence, in the present investigation, the effect of Gir Cow Urine (CUD) was studied on zooplankton for it's impact on biomass and biochemical composition. The study revealed that the biomass of zooplankton significantly increased in Gir cow urine distillate treated group. The experiment was carried out one month period. At the end of study period, the biochemical composition of cow urine treated and untreated zooplankton cultures were analyzed. Key Words--Zooplankton, Gir , Cow urine distillate, Aquaculture, Biochemical analysis, Live feed ————————————————————


Microstructural evolution in a modified GH4133A alloy was studied by microscope observation and image analysis after long-term aging at 650,700 and 750 ℃ for different time,respectively.The results indicated that the change of microstructure is identical,and structure stability is good in the modified GH4133A alloy after long-term aging at 650 and 700 ℃.However,when the aging temperature is 700 ℃,the η phase appeared.With the increasing of aging time,the η phase is further precipitated,elongated,coarsened and grown from grain boundaries into grain interior,the amount of γ′ phase and M23C6 increased,and MC carbide decreased.


The reason of non-mining-induced subsidence and deformation in Yongxia mine area is studied in this paper by laboratory tests,in-situ measurements and theoretical analysis.The results reveals a mechanism of subsidence by mining in mines with thick aqueous soil layers and is of significance in increasing accuracy of subsidence prediction.


A short-burst frame generation circuit (307), generated by the control only the pilot symbol and transmission power symbols constituting the data burst. At the end of the transmission, transmission interval control circuit (308) controls the transmission interval of burst data to N times one slot (N is a natural number), and to limit power consumption while maintaining synchronization.


In light of the problems exist in college students, the author probes into how to mix the content, channels and ways of moral education together through PE teaching, in order to get a good effect.


Intentional replantation has been long considered to be the onlyrecourse for saving a tooth when other options like traditional root canal therapy and surgery are inconceivable. The article discusses intentional replantation as a treatment option for afallible case of broken instrument in the distal canal of left mandibular second molar. The critical factor required for the success of intentional reimplantation i.e. preserving the viability of periodontal ligament cells was given due attention by controlling the time factor, maintaining aseptic conditions and minimal manipulation of the root surface. Five year recall showed that the tooth was functional, asymptomatic and IOPA radiograph revealed a healing periapical area.


Seepage failure is an important factor in causing dam-break of earth-rock dam, so the study of anti-seepage reinforcement for dilapidated reservoirs is always an important topic to earth-rock dam. Changli reservoir, since the completion, soil flow and failure by piping occur in dam slopes, the safety of downstream residents has been threatened both in life and property. Based on the comparisons of the effects of anti-seepage reinforcement schemes,the result shows that, for this clay dam, concrete cut-off wall can improve the seepage state obviously and has a higher operational stability. Thus, the concrete cut-off wall is designated as the recommended anti-seepage scheme for Changli reservoir.


pproximations are presented for determining the weighting A parameters for one-parameter linear- and circular-aperture distributions, when the desired mainlobe-to-sidelobe ratio is known. These approximations may be more convenient to use than the iterative methods or look-up tables that have been suggested previously, in the literature. Both approximations exhibit worst-case errors of less than M.1 dB, for peak sidelobe ratios up to 82 dB.


We introduce a method for measuring the slopes of mass profiles within dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies directly from stellar spectroscopic data and without adopting a dark matter halo model. Our method combines two recent results: (1) spherically symmetric, equilibrium Jeans models imply that the product of half-light radius and (squared) stellar velocity dispersion provides an estimate of the mass enclosed within the half-light radius of a dSph stellar component, and (2) some dSphs have chemodynamically distinct stellar subcomponents that independently trace the same gravitational potential. We devise a statistical method that uses measurements of stellar positions, velocities, and spectral indices to distinguish two dSph stellar subcomponents and to estimate their individual half-light radii and velocity dispersions. For a dSph with two detected stellar subcomponents, we obtain estimates of masses enclosed at two discrete points in the same mass profile, immediately defining a slope. Applied to published spectroscopic data, our method distinguishes stellar subcomponents in the Fornax and Sculptor dSphs, for which we measure slopes Γ ≡ Δlog M/Δlog r = 2.61+0.43−0.37 and Γ = 2.95+0.51−0.39, respectively. These values are consistent with "cores" of constant density within the central few hundred parsecs of each galaxy and rule out "cuspy" Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) profiles (dlog M/dlog r ⩽ 2 at all radii) with a significance ≳ 96% and ≳ 99%, respectively. Tests with synthetic data indicate that our method tends systematically to overestimate the mass of the inner stellar subcomponent to a greater degree than that of the outer stellar subcomponent, and therefore to underestimate the slope Γ (implying that the stated NFW exclusion levels are conservative).


By the method of light scattering, measurements were made on particles of polystyrene and polyvinylacetate latices. The angular distribution of the scattered light was measured and the partial Rayleigh ratios as well as the polarization ratios were determined. These values were measured as a function of the concentration and the measurements were extrapolated to the zero concentration. Values of the specific partial Rayleigh ratios (Hv:/c)0 and (Vh/c)0 proved to be significantly different from zero indicating the existence of the optical anisotropy of particles. The polarization ratio Dv was also found to be significantly different from zero. The optical anisotropy of polystyrene latices was found to be significantly higher than that of polyvinylacetate latices. This was ascribed to a structural anisotropy of the polymeric material within the particles. The hard polystyrene spheres show a small but existing degree of crystallinity, whereas the soft polyvinylacetate spheres, although having a finite anisotropy, show a vanishing degree of crystallinity.


A location method of the user equipment (UE) in distributed antenna system (DAS) is presented, which uses the technique of the velocity measurement based on Doppler frequency shift. The location equations are formed from Doppler shifts of remote antennas (RAUs). Due to the nonlinear nature of the problem, the solution must be found by the grid searching. However, when the error of the Doppler measurement is a Gauss random variable, the solution can be achieved easily by a two- dimension searching in orthogonal complement space, i.e. the search is only performed in a two-dimension space (the position space) instead of the normal four-dimension space (both the position and the velocity spaces). Simulation results show that the proposed method can approach to a high precise of the UE location.


Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLP) has exceptional nutritional properties due to its high content of micronutrients, fatty acids, and especially protein. This makes it a suitable ingredient for the fortification of taro flour. Taro is a high-energy product but low in protein and fat, which weanling children need for their normal development. This study aimed to evaluate the protein-energy contribution of MLP powder in infant taro porridge. Three fortified taro porridges named FTP10% (Taro + 10% of Moringa), FTP15% (Taro + 15% of Moringa) and FTP15% (Taro + 15% of Moringa) were performed. Their analyses indicated significant increases (P<0.05) in crude protein content, energy value and titratable acidity from 0.580 0046% to 1.570 0052%, 82.137 143% to 88.807 1658% and from 0.130 0017g/100g to 0.380 0010 g/100 g respectively.
KEYWORDS: Proximal composition, taro porridge, Moringa oleifera.


Abstract Commuting to work is one of the key motivations for people to move around cities or other regions. For the purpose of this study, the city of Szczecin in Poland has been selected, where the modal division of transport includes public transport (bus, tram) and private transport (car). The maps present the spatial distribution of citizens within a working area as well as precise locations of workplaces registered in the REGON database. The main objective of this study is to analyse the potential accessibility of workplaces and the working-age population of the city using the abovementioned modes of transport, and to indicate the places less accessible by public transport and car for commuting purposes. The study presented herein is based on data from 2018. The calculated average accessibility by different means of public and private transport as well as the potential accessibility quotient are presented in the form of box plots.


LCD-Screen PC Performance Monitor is a tool to monitor the performance of a PC that is running. This tool will show the processor performance, processor speed, the status of LAN (network), HDD capacity and application program Winamp. The weakness of this tool is, can not for the PC HyperThreading but many benefits for PC users who use a PC to excess. This tool will help you more easily monitor your PC without having to interrupt your work. So the PC will work as normal.


NCCOSC RDT&E Division (NRaD) is conducting research into ways of improving decision support systems (DSS) that are used in tactical Navy decision making situations. The research has focused on the incorporation of findings about naturalistic decision-making processes into the design of the DSS. As part of that research, two computer tools were developed that model the two primary naturalistic decision-making strategies used by Navy experts in tactical settings. Current work is exploring how best to incorporate the information produced by those tools into an existing simulation of current Navy decision support systems. This work has implications for any applications involving the need to make decisions under time constraints, based on incomplete or ambiguous data.


A guideline outlining this cognitive behaviour therapy approach. Focuses on identification of individual high-risk situations and the person's ability to cope with them without relapsing, as well as learning new coping skills and enhancing self-efficacy.


( ONSISTENTLY high counts of salivary lactobacilli have been found to be _ closely related to concurrent dental caries activity. Consistently low counts of salivary lactobacilli have been found to be associated with little or no concurrent activity of dental caries. Periodic counts of salivary lactobacilli have been used for some years by the Caries Control Laboratory of the University of Michigan School of Dentistry in the diagnosis of dental caries activity. Lactobacillus counts have also been used to determine the effectiveness of a dietary treatment (the elimination of sucrose and the reduction of other carbohydrates) in arresting dental caries activity. In October, 1944, the Ohio State University College of Dentistry established a Caries Control Laboratory patterned closely after the Michigan Laboratory. The technic of making salivary lactobacillus counts has been kept identical with that used at Michigan, and so the results of the two laboratories are comparable. The recommended low carbohydrate diets used in the Ohio Laboratory have been varied somewhat from those originally recommended at Michigan, but both laboratories have consistently recommended the elimination of sucrose from the diet and the reduction of other carbohydrates for periods of several weeks. Jay' published the results of the periodic restriction of carbohydrates on the oral lactobacillus counts as obtained in the Michigan Caries Control Laboratory. We followed Jay's report with a report of the data obtained in the Ohio Caries Control Laboratory during a period of three years.2 The present report is a supplement to the 1948 report, and includes data from the Ohio Laboratory records from October, 1944, to June, 1953. Briefly, the procedure for diagnosis and treatment of active dental caries has been as follows:


In the space of less than two years 351,400 auto workers have been laid of by the American car manufacturers. Motor vehicle capacity utilization has plummeted because of competition from imported Japanese cars, while profitability of the industry has swung heavily into the red with record losses being recorded.


A turbojet engine (1) comprising a double-flow low pressure compressor (3) adapted to take an air flow to be divided into a primary air flow (F1) and a secondary air flow (F2) different from it, a primary channel (10) adapted to convey the primary air flow (F1) from the low pressure compressor (3) to a confluence region (12) of the primary and secondary air streams (F1 and F2) for dilution of the secondary air flow (F2) in the primary air flow (F1), a secondary channel (11) adapted to convey the secondary air stream from the low pressure compressor (3) to the area confluence (12). The turbojet engine (1) comprises a device (20) for regulating the air flow rate of the secondary flow (F2) having means for sampling a portion of air in the secondary flow (F2) upstream of the confluence zone (12).


Introduction. Adherence to therapeutic recommendations regarding pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modification reduces the risk of complications in patients after myocardial infarction. The assessment of readiness for discharge allows to get knowledge about patient's preparation for functioning at home. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between the readiness for discharge of patients after myocardial infarction and adherence to pharmacotherapy based of the analysis of prescription filling. Material and methods. The study is a single-center, prospective, observational cohort clinical trial with a one-year follow-up period. The study population include 225 patients (26.7% women and 73.3% men) aged 30–91years (62.9 ± 11.9). The RHD-MIS (Readiness for Hospital Discharge after Myocardial Infarction Scale) was used to assess the readiness for discharge. Adherence to medication has been studied in relation to ACE inhibitors, P2Y12 receptor inhibitors and statins. Results. Patients with a high overall RHD MIS score compared to those with an average result were more likely to have any breaks in therapy, p = 0.01 (breaks < 30 days, p = 0.03 and breaks ≥ 30 days, p = 0.005) for either drug. Patients declaring that their disease is not serious have significantly lower adherence to P2Y12 receptor inhibitor (28 ± 27% vs 72 ± 38%, p = 0.047) and statins (36 ± 41% vs 76 ± 33% p = 0.024) in the 1st quarter after discharge and to statins (23 ± 18% vs 65 ± 32% p = 0.014) during whole one-year follow-up. Conclusion. The readiness for discharge from the hospital assessed with the RHD-MIS does not clearly affect the implementation of the therapeutic plan in the long-term follow-up in patients after myocardial infarction. Data suggesting a negative impact of some aspects of readiness for discharge on adherence to treatment require further, in-depth research.


The experiment was conducted on 9-year-old trees of peach Flordasun and Shan-i-Punjab to investigate the cause(s) of blossom-end. The distribution of N in the upper, middle and lower fruit portions of both the cultivars was studied and compared during the fruit development period. The competition from 1 March 1990 to 10 May 1990 among fruits, leaves and twigs supporting the leaves was also studied during fruit development period in Shan-i-Punjab and Flordasun. The mean N content in the whole fruit of Shan-i-Punjab was higher than the Flordasun fruit. The upper fruit portion of Shan-i-Punjab was signifciantly higher in N content than those of Flordasun. The middle and lower fruit portions of Shan-i-Punjab were also higher in N content than those of Flordasun but difference was not significant. On the other hand, at the time of ripening the concentration of N in middle and lower fruit portions of Flordasun was higher than that of Shan-i-Punjab. This condition appeared to predispose the Flordasun fruit to tip breakdown process by disturbing the N balance with Ca or probably by accelerating the synthesis of cell-well degrading enzymes. The manner of competition for N among different competing units like fruits, leaves and twigs supporting the leaves was variable and stage specific in both the cultivars.


The study of the distribution of matter in the Universe is at the forefront of modern astronomy, and stimulates numerous research programmes both in theory, observation and experiment. The distribution of galaxies has a cell-like structure resulting from the alternation of sheets and voids with the topological properties of a 'sponge'. The large diameter of the voids (150 million light-years) and the high degree of isotropy of the microwave background radiation define the reference frame for the theoretical models for the formation of the large-scale structure. The essential ingredients of these models are: the clustering of matter under the gravitational attraction, the initial matter fluctuations which left their imprint into the cosmic microwave background radiation and a large amount of dark matter filling the voids and walls of galaxies. Measurement of the statistical properties of the large-scale structure, and determination of the scale at which it becomes homogeneous provide direct tests of the Big Bang model. Major advances are expected by the end of the century from the largest telescopes and their sophisticated instruments. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The middle lamella of the primary plant cell walls is particularly rich in pectic polysaccharides,1} which are involved in adhesion of the cell walls and dissolution of which leads to the maceration of plant tissues.2>3) One of us, Matsuura,4~6) has reported that pectic polysaccharides of kidney bean cotyledons contained large amountsofxylose and fucose in addition to arabinose and galactose. Methylation analysis also indicated that most of the xylose residues are uniformly distributed on the galacturonan regions of the pectic polysaccharides as short side chains.5'6) Xylose-rich pectic polysaccharides may be a characteristic of the pectic polysaccharides of bean cotyledon tissues.7~ 10) In this work, we intended to clarify the role of the xylose-rich pectic polysaccharides in the adhesion of cell walls in kidney bean cotyledons. Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, "Uzuramame") seeds were soaked in water overnight at 5°C and the cotyledons (moisture content, 51%) were cut into 0.5-mm thick slices. The slices (40 g, wet weight) were extracted twenty-six times with 100ml of 0.035m ammonium oxalate-oxalic acid buffer (pH 4.25) at 80°C for 60min. Each extract was treated with a-amylase (Sigma Chemical Co., bacterial) to decompose starch at pH 5.0. Figure 1 shows the extraction profile of polysaccharides from kidney bean cotyledons. The first peak (fraction II) appeared on the fifth extraction and the second peak (fraction III) on the eighth extraction, when the cotyledon tissues began to macerate. Separation of cells from the tissues was observed on the eleventh extraction and the third peak (fraction IV) appeared on the following extraction. The polysaccharides of fraction V dissolved at the eighteenth to nineteenth extraction and the tissues collapsed completely (Fig. 2). The methyl ester contents of pectic polysaccharides in fractions I-VI were measured by the gas chromatographic method of Bartlome.13) The values of the degree of


: Intensive studies aiming to extend the gamma and beta functions and to establish some properties for these extensions have been recently carried out. In this paper, we first introduce a generalized gamma function in n variables. Afterwards, two generalized beta functions in several variables are introduced and their properties are discussed. Among others, we investigate recurrence relationships, Mellin transform properties, and partial differential equations involving these generalized functions. At the end, some results about partial derivatives of these extended functions are presented as well.


We have fabricated multilayer electromechanical composites with controlled piezoelectric coefficient distributions using tape casting. Tapes of doped lead zirconate titanate were cut and stacked in accordance with their characteristic electromechanical coupling values and modulus of elasticity. This technique is an extremely versatile method to fabricate displacement actuators to fabricate monolithic ceramic parts with controlled material property gradients. To obtain a quantifiable method to optimize this type of transducer, we have devised a processing model. Given the functional distribution of the electromechanical coupling coefficient, d31, and the functional distribution of elastic modulus through the thickness of the transducer, the analysis predicts the displacement as a function of loading. The tape casting method coupled with the model provides an actuator that maximizes displacement and generated force for the given material properties.


A new electrochemical genosensor has been developed for the detection of a specific DNA sequence that encodes for an immunogenic fragment of α-2-gliadin, protein of gluten wheat that plays an important role in celiac disease. The genosensor is based on a mixed self-assembled monolayer consisting on a capture probe and a diluent molecule, mercaptohexanol, both immobilized on screen-printed gold electrodes. A sandwich-type hybridization assay was selected, using a signaling-DNA probe labeled with biotin and streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase as a reporter molecule. Detection of DNA gluten is based on the measurement of the oxidization current of 1-naphthol, product formed by α-naphthyl phosphate enzymatic hydrolysis, by differential pulse voltammetry. Parameters involved in the sensing phase were investigated and optimized by cyclic voltammetry. The optimal capture probe to mercaptohexanol ratio was found to be 2 µM:9 mM. In order to minimize unspecific adsorptions, both signaling probe and enzyme-streptavidin conjugate concentrations (measurement phase parameters) were optimized (1 µM and 1.075·10-3 g/L respectively). A linear response from 20 nM to 250 nM is obtained with the proposed genosensor.


A conceptual design of an unmanned robot submarine is presented to explore one of the moons of the planet Jupiter, namely, Europa. This moon is a little smaller than our Earth's moon but contains a lot of water; in fact the oceans on Europa are some 96 km deep and contain about 5 times the amount of water that our Earth's oceans contain. Thus, it is likely that large sea animals may exist on Europa supported by hydrothermal vents and these animals will prove of interest to scientists. To satisfy these scientific interests, it is the writer's belief that a robot submarine will be landing on Europa within the next 20 years . This paper discusses some of the problems that will be encountered in the design, construction, and operation of this robot submarine. For example, even though the internal diameter of the submarine may only be 1 m , it will not be possible to build the submarine from a metal; as such a structure will have no reserve buoyancy and will sink like a stone to the bottom of the ocean. Even v...


Purpose – The purpose of this article is to revisit a forgotten classic in the marketing literature to provide a historical review of ET Grether's 1966 book, Marketing and Public Policy. Design/methodology/approach – The approach combines a literature review with historical reflection by placing Grether's work in historical context. Findings – Marketing and Public Policy offered a framework for examining and evaluating marketing practices and public policy responses based on Grether's mastery of a number of disciplines and his extensive research into public policy issues. His ideas are relevant to today's world, especially in light of technological developments and shifts in our moral compass since the 1960s. Originality/value – ET Grether was a two-time recipient of the American Marketing Association's Paul D. Converse Award, Editor of the Journal of Marketing, President of the American Marketing Association and author of more than 100 articles and books. This is the first attempt to review what is argua...


The authors have been working on methods of estimating emotions from spontaneous body movements during a collaborative fabrication task. In this study, the authors propose a novel method of grouping emotional expressions on the basis of body movements to create type-specific emotion estimation models. We assume that there are typical expression types that are idiosyncratic characteristics for each person. We propose a method of grouping people by expression types using body movements only, based on Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) and the concept of sensitivity analysis. We perform an experiment to measure body movements and emotions during a fabrication task. Finally, we evaluate the accuracy of estimation and type-specific estimation models. The accuracy was, on average, 67.92%, which was 18% higher than that of person-independent models and superior to existing studies.


In a paper which I had the honour of submitting to the Society, at the end of last session, I gave a detailed account of the effects of mechanical compression and dilatation, in communicating to glass and other uncrystallised bodies, all the properties of doubly refracting crystals. I had at that time attempted, without success, to alter the polarising structure of doubly refracting crystals, although I applied the force of powerful screws to Topaz, Rock-crystal, and Calcareous spar. All the specimens which I employed were crushed to pieces by the pressure, but exhibited no traces of the coloured rings when exposed to polarised light.


The lateral facing displacement of a reinforced soil wall is one of the serviceability issues that must be checked during its design stage. However, estimating the lateral facing displacement is difficult because of the influences of many contributing factors. In this study, an analytical method is proposed to estimate the lateral facing displacement of a steel-reinforced soil wall founded on stiff foundation soil and having an incremental panel facing. The method takes into account the displacement at the back of the reinforced soil, which has been neglected in existing analytical methods. It also incorporates a logical approach to consider the effects of soil compaction and construction sequence. Reinforcement extension and soil–reinforcement slippage are considered in the analytical method through two sets of straightforward formulae. The method makes conservative assumptions on the lateral earth pressure at the back of the reinforced soil, the influence of facing elements, and the reinforcement slippa...


We present a true random number generator with the high generation rate of 80 Mbit/s, based on the measurement of the phase noise of a single mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL).


Simple Summary Transport is a stressful procedure that can affect adversely the welfare of pigs and pork quality. It is well known that response to the journey is influenced by the genetic type. However, very little is known on the response of local breeds to the transport procedures despite the increasing interest in the welfare of animals during transport. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of short distance transport on behaviour, blood parameters and meat quality traits of Apulo-Calabrese (local Italian pig breed) and crossbreed [Duroc × (Landrace × Large White)] pigs. Statistical analyses were done using univariate and multivariate approaches. Both approaches showed that glucose, albumin/globulin, urea, and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were influenced by the genetic type. Despite at loading Apulo-Calabrese pigs were less reluctant to move and showed a lower vocalization, physiological response to the short distance transport was more intense in this breed when compared with crossbreeds. With regards to meat quality, higher a* and lower L* coordinates were found in Apulo-Calabrese which indicates darker and more reddish meat than crossbreeds. The results from this study may provide insight into the response of local breeds to the transport procedures. Abstract Despite the increasing interest in the welfare of animals during transport, very little is known on the response of local pig breeds to the transport procedures. This study aims to compare the effect of short journey on behaviour, blood parameters, and meat quality traits in 51 Apulo-Calabrese and 52 crossbreed [Duroc × (Landrace × Large White)] pigs. All the animals were blood sampled five days before delivery (basal condition) and at exsanguination for the analysis of creatine kinase, cortisol, glucose, lactate, albumin, albumin/globulin, total protein, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphate, sodium, and potassium. Post mortem pH, color, drip loss, cooking loss, and Warner-Bratzler shear force were measured at different times in longissimus thoracis samples. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that glucose, albumin/globulin, urea, and AST at exsanguination were influenced by the genetic type. Apulo-Calabrese showed the highest increase in blood values of lactate, creatinine, sodium and potassium after the short distance transport. Behavioural occurrences were similar in both genetic types during unloading and lairage. Small differences were observed for meat quality although significantly higher a* and lower L* were found in Apulo-Calabrese pigs, showing meat with a deeper red colour than crossbreeds.


Objective To explore the possibility of detection of copy number variation(CNV) in human genome by array-multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification(MLPA) technique, to compare the influence of different experiment conditions on detection results which may provide valuable information for the further application of this technique.Method The temperature of the two hybridization steps in array-MLPA procedure was changed respectively, and the impacts on the experimental results were investigated. The sta-bility and reliability of this technique were also analyzed through the movements of the signal intensities values of different probes.Results There was negative relationship between the signal intensity values and MLPA hybridization(the first step) temperature change, However, there was a different situation when the temperature of array hybridization was changing. The signal intensity values of targeted arrays at 45°C were stronger than those at 35°C and 55°C. change of signal intensity values of non-specific arrays were coincident,which jumped down as the temperature of array hybridization reduced. The signal intensity values of different probes in different arrays showed relatively similar movements under the different conditions of temperature changes in the two hybridization steps.Conclusions The consequences resulted from the temperature changes in the two hybridization steps were not quite consistent. The signal intensity values of probes in different arrays showed a relative stable and identical changes under different temperature conditions, demonstrating a higher stability and reliability of the array-MLPA platform, which would provide a great potential in detection of CNVas well as diseased caused by it.


Moving the Housing Market reports the findings of a survey, carried out in the Autumn of 1988, of occupiers living in 416 former council properties. The properties had been bought between 1968 and 1973 by their sitting tenants under the discretionary council house sales policies then operated by Birmingham City Council and the Greater London Council. In the case of the Birmingham sample, the properties had previously been surveyed by Murie in 1973. Although the sample is small and—as the authors point out—circumstances have changed since these properties were originally transferred into private ownership, the findings shed important light on the nature of council house sales and the possible longer term effects of the current sales drive. Significantly, around three-fifths of the original purchasers were still living in the home they bought from the council. While they were generally glad that they had purchased their home, they also recalled being highly satisfied with most aspects of the service they received from their former council landlord. In other words, they were not dissatisfied consumers exiting from the state sector in search of something better. Where the original buyers of the former council properties had resold them, the new owners tended to be more affluent than either council tenants or new applicants to the waiting list and many—in the London sample, almost half of them—were not first time buyers. This suggests that the resale of former council houses is not necessarily creating a new rung of dwellings at the bottom end of the housing market; at least not where the properties concerned are the more desirable council houses in the more desirable locations. Forrest and Murie also commissioned a physical survey of the condition of 172 of the Birmingham properties, which they compared with a house condition survey of tenanted municipal properties carried out by the City Council. They found that the home owners had looked after their property better but that much of the work had been relatively cosmetic and less concerned with the basic fabric of the dwelling. Moreover, the improvement work that had been carried out was sporadic and uneven, compared with the more systematic and planned maintenance carried out by the local authority. In the final chapter of the book Forrest and Murie related the findings of their case study to academic debates in geography and sociology about tenure change, the transformation of residential space, and the restructuring of the welfare state. This discussion helps to make Moving the Housing Market an important addition to our understanding of some of the major changes that have been taking place in housing policy and provision in recent years.


Bern and Honorton imply that the 11 autoganzfeld experiments demonstrate the existence of psi— a communications anomaly. They claim that the autoganzfeld results are consistent with previous parapsychological findings and constitute evidence for a replicable psi effect Although the autoganzfeld experiments are methodologically superior to previous parapsychological experiments, the tests of their randomization procedures were inadequate. The autoganzfeld experiments consistently produced positive hit rates, whose combined effect was highly significant. However, these experiments produced important inconsistencies with the previous ganzfeld experiments. They also showed a unique pattern in the data that may reflect a systematic artifact. Because of these unique features, we have to wait for independent replications of these experiments before we can conclude that a replicable anomaly or psi has been demonstrated. Bern and Honorton (1994) imply that if psychologists were familiar with the most recent parapsychological research, they would be more willing to accept the possibility that a communications anomaly existed. In particular, Bern and Honorton focus on the experiments that are based on the ganzfeld procedure. They "believe that the replication rates and effect sizes achieved by one particular experimental method, the ganzfeld procedure, are now sufficient to warrant bringing this body of data to the attention of the wider psychological community" (Bern & Honorton, 1994, p. 4). They review the debate between Honorton and me over the original ganzfeld experiments. Hyman (1985) found that these studies suffered from statistical, methodological, and documentation problems. Honorton (1985) responded that these flaws were not sufficient to account for the observed hit rates. Bern and Honorton (1994) review this controversy and cite reviewers who apparently agree with Honorton's position. The implication is that despite the deficiencies in the ganzfeld experiments, the results support the existence of psi—a communications anomaly. To Honorton's credit, he initiated a new series of experiments that would be free from the flaws of the earlier ganzfeld database (Honorton et al., 1990). These 11 new experiments, called the autoganzfeld studies yielded consistently positive hit rates and a highly significant overall effect. Because these new experiments showed positive results and allegedly were consistent with the earlier ganzfeld database and other psi research, Bern and Honorton implied that parapsychology had found its previously elusive repeatable experiment. Since the beginnings of psychical research in the mid-nineteenth century, its investigators have believed that they have scientific evidence sufficiently strong to place before the general scientific community. Each generation has tried to get the attention of the scientific community with findings that they claim to be irrefutable. The particular evidence put forth has changed from generation to generation. What a previous generation of


We present a study on the stellar population and kinematics of globular clusters (GCs) in the peculiar galaxy M85. We obtain optical spectra of 89 GCs at 8 kpc < R < 160 kpc using the MMT/Hectospec. We divide them into three groups, blue/green/red GCs (B/G/RGCs), with their (g − i)0 colors. All GC subpopulations have mean ages of about 10 Gyr, but showing differences in metallicities. The BGCs and RGCs are the most metal-poor ([Z/H] ∼ −1.49) and metal-rich ([Z/H] ∼ −0.45), respectively, and the GGCs are in between. We find that the inner GC system exhibits a strong overall rotation that is entirely due to a disklike rotation of the RGC system. The BGC system shows little rotation. The GGCs show kinematic properties clearly distinct among the GC subpopulations, having higher mean velocities than the BGCs and RGCs and being aligned along the major axis of M85. This implies that the GGCs have an origin different from the other GC subpopulations. The rotation-corrected velocity dispersion of the RGC system is much lower than that of the BGC system, indicating the truncation of the red halo of M85. The BGCs have a flat velocity dispersion profile out to R = 67 kpc, reflecting the dark matter extent of M85. Using the velocity dispersion of the BGC system, we estimate the dynamical mass of M85 to be 3.8 × 1012 M⊙. We infer that M85 has undergone merging events lately, resulting in the peculiar kinematics of the GC system.


Thyroid hormone is known to play an important role in the regulation of prepubertal rat testes development and function with specific influence on the differentiation of Sertoli cells. Hypothyroidism results in continued proliferation of Sertoli cells beyond their normal period of cell proliferation arrest, whereas hyperthyroidism causes premature cell cycle arrest. In order to explore the in vivo mechanism of thyroid hormone action on proliferation and differentiation of Sertoli cell, global gene profiling was carried out using the hyperthyroid rat model system. Hyperthyroidism in rats was established by injecting T3 to pups (i.p. 100 g/ kg bw/ day) immediately after birth. The euthyroidic and hyperthyroidic rats were sacrificed on 13th day. A significant decrease in BrdU incorporation by the hyperthyroidic rat Sertoli cell indicated arrest of proliferation. Total RNA was isolated from both the group of Sertoli cells and microarray analysis was carried out using Rat oligo v 3.0 slides obtained from University of Cincinnati Medical Centre, Cincinnati, Ohio. Image Analysis was performed using Genepix Pro software. The results revealed upregulation of markers which are specific for mature Sertoli cells. It was observed that there was more that three-fold increase in the expression of clusterin, eppin, androgen binding protein, cystatin TE, cystatin C, and estradiol 17- dehydrogenase and down regulation of early growth response protein 2, collagen 1 (XII) and plaminogen activator inhibitor 1in Sertoli cells following hyperthyroidism. RTPCR analysis was carried out to confirm the regulation of a few markers. The results suggest that following neonatal hyperthyroidism there is a premature differentiation of the Sertoli cells and the cells behave as mature cells by upregulation of the functional markers. (Supported by CONRAD and MELLON foundation, USA, CSIR, ICMR, DST and DBT Govt. of India and CSIR Emeritus Scientist Fellowship.)


A novel thermal 7 in equilibrium 9 transglycosylation reaction was studied in the series of fully acetylated purine ribonucleosides and their 2-acetoxyethoxymethyl analogues. Ratio 7- to 9-isomers in the resultant mixtures was determined by the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.