Traditional approaches to verbal periphrasis (compound tenses) treat auxiliary verbs as lexical items that enter syntactic derivation like any other lexical item, via Selection/Merge. An alternative view is that auxiliary verbs are inserted into a previously built structure (e.g., Bach 1967, Arregi 2000, Embick 2000, Cowper 2010, Bjorkman 2011, Arregi and Klecha 2015). Arguments for the insertion approach include auxiliaries' last-resort distribution and the fact that, in many languages, auxiliaries are not systematically associated with a given inflectional category (Bjorkman's (2011) "overflow" distribution). Here, I argue against the insertion approach. I demonstrate that the overflow pattern and last-resort distribution follow from Cyclic Selection (Pietraszko 2017)—a Merge counterpart of Cyclic Agree (Béjar and Rezac 2009). I also show that the insertion approach makes wrong predictions about compound tenses in Swahili, a language with overflow periphrasis. Under my approach, an auxiliary verb is a verbal head externally merged as a specifier of a functional head, such as T. It then undergoes m-merger with that head, instantiating an External-Merge version of Matushansky's (2006) conception of head movement.


This paper presents a novel method to classify MRI brain images as normal or abnormal image using Radial Basis Function (RBF) in Support Vector Machine (SVM). This method first extracts wavelet derived features, followed by dimensionality reduction of features using Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The resultant features are given as input to SVM that uses RBF, a non-parametric and flexible model, for classifying images. To enhance generalization of this kernel SVM the strategy of K-fold stratified cross validation is used. The classification results are compared with linear and polygonal kernels, and found that the RBF kernel achieves the highest classification accuracy as 95.25%.


Abstract In this paper we investigate a new ( α , β ) {(\alpha,\beta)} -metric F = β + a  α 2 + β 2 α {F=\beta+\frac{a\alpha^{2}+\beta^{2}}{\alpha}} , where α = a i  j  y i  y j {\alpha=\sqrt{{a_{ij}y^{i}y^{j}}}} is a Riemannian metric; β = b i  y i {\beta=b_{i}y^{i}} is a 1-form and a ∈ ( 1 4 , + ∞ ) {a\in(\frac{1}{4},+\infty)} is a real scalar. Also, we investigate the relationship between the geodesic coefficients of the metric F and the corresponding geodesic coefficients of the metric α.


Two visual cliff experiments with human infants are reported that were designed to determine relationships among cardiac responses, avoidance and other behavioral responses, and developmental factors. The developmental factors considered were age at crawling onset, age at testing, and amount of crawling experience. In Experiment 1, infants were given either 30 or 60 days of crawling experience following crawling onset. In Experiment 2, infants were tested at either 9 or 12 months of age and crawling onset age was recorded. Infants were tested using a crawling avoidance procedure and the placing procedure that has been established for heart rate responses. Crawling onset age was the best predictor of avoidance behavior. Heart rate response was also a significant predictor of visual cliff avoidance, and was found to be related to testing age, especially for late crawlers. Looking down behavior was also found to distinguish crawling avoidance and crossing of the deep side of the cliff apparatus. These results, it is argued, suggest that fear is not the primary determinant of avoidance behavior on the visual cliff, but does contribute to avoidance at later ages.


This article reports on a British Tunnelling Society meeting where the first use of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) on a UK road tunnel was described and discussed. The tunnels, which form part of the A20 improvement between Folkestone and Dover, are each 380m long, accomodate 2 lanes of traffic and an emergency walkway, and are constructed on a 3.5% decline through Lower Chalk. Presentations by the consultant and contractor gave details of the geology of the area, spilling, excavation techniques, primary and secondary support, machinery used and in-tunnel monitoring. The discussion which followed focussed on various aspects of NATM.


Currently the world's development and the role of banks as financial institutions are indispensable in national economic activity one of them in realizing the public's willingness to meet the primary needs to be the development
of micro-enterprises. Through the activities of credit that is, banks are trying to meet the needs of society. In order to meet the needs of the community microenterprise
development, the role of banks in providing much needed funds and provide initiatives in the development of micro enterprises. The presence of the People's Business Credit system is needed by economic income communities in
the small and medium level. Therefore, it needs to function as an intermediary parties can meningkatkanusaha microstructure. In this case, the intermediary is a bank that will provide small loans that aims to help customers who require funds for the purposes of development of micro enterprises. In this case, the bank has a duty
and responsibility to refund customers who have been entrusted by him. Many people who want to develop micro enterprises, to improve the well-being, then by
providing small loans, it can help people who want to develop their business and increase prosperity.

Keywords :Business Credit Program, Procedure of Business Credit Program, Bank Jatim Branch of Puspa Agro, Sidoarjo


This paper presents a design of pulse-width modulated (PWM) controller module in a MCU based on MCS-51 structure. The design can generate 2-channel programmable periodic PWM signals. These output PWM signals from MCU can be used for a variety of applications including motor control. The function of the design allows users to select independent or complementary inversion timing relationships between 2 PWM wave forms. The latter mode selection also includes optional dead time function to support driving H-bridges and inverters. Therefore, users can control the output PWM signals through setting the duty-cycle registers. After the successful simulation at the front end, practical experiments made on a NIOS development board verify the design.


Objectives: To summarize the causes,suitable diagnostic methods and clinical treatments for placental abruption. Method: Clinical records of 50 patients with placental abruption who were admitted into our hospital in the recent 5 years were reviewed. The causes,diagnosis and clinical nursing of these cases were analyzed. Results: The pathogenesis of placental abruption included pregnancyinduced hypertension,premature rupture of membranes,trauma,multiple pregnancy,placenta praevia and umbilical cord factors,among which pregnancyinduced hypertension was the primary cause. The main clinical manifestations included abdomen pain,vaginal hemorrhage and abnormal fetal heart. For level I placental abruption,vaginal hemorrhage( 47. 62%) was the primary symptom; for level II and III patients,abdomen pain( 93. 10%),abnormal fetal heart( 86. 21%),vaginal hemorrhage( 62. 07%) are the main manifestations. The detection rate of ultrasonography was 46%. Conclusion: The pathogenesis of placental abruption is complicated,hence early detection based on ultrasonography and patients' symptoms and early intervention for patients are of great significance.


The effects of the composition of peanut texture protein on solubility were studied in this paper. Materials were exturded at 13% moisture content, 170 ℃ temperature and 2000 r/min screw speed. The results showed that lower textnre degree of product resulted in the increase of fat content of skimmed peanut flour results in higher protein solubility; Higher starch content improvs texture protein solubility because amylopectin destroys cross-linking of protein; The effects of α-starch on protein molecular are stronger than amylopectin; Aspartame plays an important role on the protein molecule rearrangement and structure recombination; The effects of lecithin on protein cross-linking are stronger than amylopectin but lower than amylose.


The Lijiazi mafic granulites are predominantly composed of Amp Cpx-Opx granulite, Grt-bearing Amp Cpx-Opx granulite and Bt Amp Cpx-Opx granulite, and have been found as irregular lenses and deformed dykes within the Al-rich gneisses and granitic gneisses in the Daqingshan-Wulashan metamorphic complex. The apparent 207Pb/206Pb ages recorded by the metamorphic zircon domains with the middle-to low-pressure granulite-facies mineral inclusions of Cpx+Amp+Pl, which are consistent to the matrix-type metamorphic assemblages of the mafic granulites, range from 1933±39Ma to 1834±40Ma with a weighted mean age of 1892±7Ma, which are interpreted as the timing of the middle-to low-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism of the mafic granulites. Mobile elements such as the large ion lithophile elements (K, Na, Sr, Rb) of the mafic granulites changed in significant levels, high field strength elements (such as Nb, Zr, Ti) and rare earth elements basically unchanged and keep stable during the metamorphic process. The Lijiazi mafic granulites from the Daqingshan complex belong to tholeiitic-basaltic rock series, with the concentrations of SiO2 at 45.58%~51.40%, and Mg# value mainly ranging from 41 to 54. The composition of the rare earth elements of the mafic granulites is characterized by the flat, (La/Yb)CN=1.30~1.51) with no Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.93~1.04) on the chondrite-normalized patterns. All samples of the mafic granulites share obvious negative anomaly in Nb, Zr and Ti of the Phanerozoic island arc basalts. According to the geochemical and geochronological data of the Lijiazi mafic granulites, it is suggested that the protolith ages of the Lijiazi mafic granulites is 2450~1930Ma, the protoliths of the mafic granulites are undergone middle-to low-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism at ~1900Ma, the composition of the major and trace elements of the mafic granulites is characterized by the island arc tholeiitic basaltic rocks, and their protoliths may be gabbro or diabase dykes which formed in the island arc of the plate convergence dynamic setting.


The methodology that has been selected for the empirical research was a mix of quantitative and qualitative studies that complemented each other. The qualitative study was a series of direct interviews with DABBA representatives for finding intimate details about their business and strategy. The quantitative study has been conducted via questionnaires that tried to answer questions raised during the interviews. These questionnaires took place both online and offline to reach to a diverse customer base. RESULTS


: Social and emotional competence is an important breakthrough in the development of high-quality education. Under the background of the digital intelligence era, digitization and intellectualization have changed the traditional way of education. College learning shows the characteristics of intelligence, systematization, and fragmentation, as well as the diversification of knowledge production and dissemination, which poses a new challenge to the cultivation of college students' social and emotional competence. At present, there are serious deficiencies in the social and emotional competence of Chinese college students, that is, the deviation of self-consciousness and self-management abilities, the lack of social consciousness and interpersonal skills, the weak ability to make responsible decisions, and so on. Combined with the characteristics of digital intelligence education, this paper puts forward some useful countermeasures to improve college students' social and emotional competence from six aspects. They are to establish the principles of student-centered education, to bring mathematical literacy and social and emotional competence into teachers' professional construction standards, to bring social and emotional education into the school curriculum, to integrate social and emotional education with an intelligent teaching environment, to take social and emotional competence as an important part of educational evaluation, to enhance students' sense of belonging on campus, and to build a new type of teacher-student relationship.


An historical ethnography of generational conflicts in a rural community in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, this paper engages debates on the consequences of global neo-liberalism in local contexts. Through cash from migrant labor, rural household heads exercised power over domestic economics. Ideologically this power translated into the symbolic articulation of two institutions of social reproduction-the school and initiation rite such that the educated and potentially alienated subjects yielded by the former were resocialized through the latter into local subjects of the chief and sons of their fathers. With rising unemployment rates since the 1980s, however, the older men lost the material base for their monopoly over this symbolic structure. The generational conflicts that ensued reflected at once the attendant contradictions in social consciousness and consequent struggles to renegotiate the symbolic purchase of the relations between schooling and initiation.


This paper discusses varying management strategies in wildland-urban interface communities of southern California in terms of their effects on potential fire behavior and residual environmental impacts. A century of fire exclusion policies there and throughout the United States has led to immense fuel loading and declining ecosystem health, which coupled with a burgeoning population relocating to wildland areas, has annually heightened the threat of devastating wildfires. Successful management strategies must consider elements of suppression needs, community education, construction and development standards, and vegetation manipulation, each of which will vary dependant on the ecosystem and socioeconomic conditions of the area considered. Fire and fuels management in the wildland-urban interface is a complex array of biophysical and sociopolitical factors. Regularly, the fire suppression community seeks to largely eliminate fuels in interface communities with minimal regard to the environmental benefits that vegetation provides such as carbon sequestration, stormwater absorption, energy conservation, wildlife habitat, and others. Thus, to best insure sustainable communities in the wildland-urban interface, stakeholders from a diversity of disciplines and worldviews must collaborate to develop a management plan for a given area that minimizes fire risk while simultaneously maximizing the benefits that distinct vegetation communities provide. It is hoped that the successes and lessons learned in California can be applied to other similar regions of the world. INTRODUCTION Southern California, more than any other region of the United States, illustrates the increasing challenges of fire management in the wildland-urban interface (WUI). A burgeoning population who lives amongst a menagerie of volatile vegetation types is increasingly leading to extensive costs and losses associated with wildfires. Indeed, eight fires in the region have burned over 40,000 ha, including the 2003 Cedar Fire in San Diego County, which burned over 105,000 ha (California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection 2005a). While similar sized fires may be experienced elsewhere, the immense population in southern California leads to losses unlike most parts of the world. For example, 9 fires have consumed over 300 homes there, again led by the Cedar Fire, which consumed 4847 structures (California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection 2005b). Of greatest concern is that 7 of the 9 fires mentioned have occurred in the last 20 years, and most feel that the trend will continue largely unabated. In addition to immediate fire effects, wildfires in southern California are regularly followed by mudslides and immense sediment deposition into streams and estuaries, which significantly 1 Associate Professor, Natural Resources Management Department, Cal Poly State University San Luis Obispo, California, United States 93402, firstname.lastname@example.com C.A. Dicus: Page 2 of 8 degrade public safety and environmental quality. For example, a mudslide following the 2003 Old Fire on the San Bernardino National Forest killed 14 people. And the 1994 Highway-41 fire on the Los Padres National Forest caused accelerated erosion into the Morro Bay National Estuary, leading to lowered taxonomic diversity there for several years (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1995). Vegetation in southern California is largely a product of a Mediterranean climate, where a mild, rainy season is followed by periods of up to 8 months of drought. Therefore, both live and dead fuel moistures are regularly at critical levels for extreme fire behavior. Sundowner and Santa Ana foehn winds are also common on the central and southern coasts of California, contributing to the size and intensity of fires in the area. Therefore, it is imperative that agencies tasked with wildland fire management develop efficient and effective management strategies in the WUI. This paper discusses 4 essential components of any successful fire management strategy in the WUI. While focused on southern California, the successes and lessons learned there can be applied to similar regions of the world. ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE WUI FIRE MANAGEMENT Fire managers in the WUI have 4 broad management strategies to reduce the costs and losses associated with wildfires. These include increasing suppression success through equipment and personnel, community education, improved construction and land use standards, and fuels modification. While priorities should be established dependant on the local situation, no component should be entirely absent. Appropriate Suppression Resources The first component of a proper fire management strategy is properly equipped and staffed fire suppression forces. Having the proper types and numbers of suppression equipment and personnel are essential to adequate fire protection in the WUI. For initial attack success, it is critical that the right resources are in the right place at the right time. In California's WUI, overlaps of private and public land ownership preclude the formation of a single agency responsible for wildland fire protection. Thus, prearranged mutual aid agreements are regularly formed where differing agencies share suppression responsibilities and costs, regardless of the jurisdiction in which a given fire originated. Therefore, budgets (or reductions thereof) for one agency will affect the firefighting capabilities of an entire geographic area. For example, some California Youth Authority facilities, a branch of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, closed during a State budget reduction in 2005. One closed facility in San Luis Obispo County administered multiple wildland firefighting handcrews, which when closed impacted the ability for all firefighting agencies in the region to adequately respond to a wildland fire event. In general, a community decides their level of service, which is a measure of the percentage of fires controlled by initial attack, through voter-approved property taxes. It is the responsibility of C.A. Dicus: Page 3 of 8 fire administrators to allocate funds to specific resources within the organization to best increase success of initial attack. If budgets are managed efficiently and the level of service is unacceptable for a given community, those residents must be willing to increase taxes on their property. However, in many areas it is extremely difficult to convince voters to increase property taxes, which limits the ability for fire agencies to properly respond to fire events. Effective Community Education Community education is another critical component of effective fire management in the WUI. Education efforts must be developed for a specific target community based on the level of local knowledge. Managers in the WUI need not assume that community members are totally ignorant of the threat of wildland fire. Some communities are well aware of the threat, but lack the specific skills to reduce their risk. Thus, funds allocated to public service announcements over mass media outlets such radio may be essentially wasted in those communities. Further, research has shown that while cost-effective and requiring less effort, mass media advertising has little value in effecting change in behavior by WUI residents (McCaffrey 2004). Instead, personal contact has the greatest impact on changed behavior. However, it is virtually impossible for fire personnel to visit each home in its responsibility area given budgetary and time constraints. However, by organizing interactive, informational displays where the public would likely be present, such as at a hardware store or county fair, fire personnel have successfully been able to provide personal contact with community members. FireWise USA is the premier fire educational organization in the United States. The program is sponsored by the National Wildfire Coordinating Group, and is represented by multiple federal and state agencies. Among others, they provide an informational website, free informational literature and videos, magazine ads, homeowner workshops, and conferences. Their knowledge base extends to multiple issues pertinent to WUI residents, including how to properly manage vegetation near structures, specific plant lists for given geographical areas, construction materials and standards, evacuation planning, and others. Even if they don't reach the public directly, they regularly provide free informational materials to local agencies who have direct access to community members. Enforceable Construction and Land Use Standards Another critical element of effective WUI fire management consists of having enforceable construction standards and proper land use planning. Individual homes should adhere to adequate, enforceable regulations that address fire protection in siding, vents, windows, and especially roofs, which are particularly susceptible to ignition from burning embers (Cohen 2000). Further, proper layout of the community that provides for appropriate housing density, home placement, and infrastructure needs such as access and water supply is essential. Older communities that were developed largely before such standards were enacted are usually at much greater risk to wildfire than newer communities where the right to develop was hinged on the ability to adequately address fire concerns. In some communities in California, even government-issued permits to remodel one's home can trigger mandatory upgrades to fireC.A. Dicus: Page 4 of 8 resistant construction. For older communities, it is imperative to have adequate codes in place before a fire event and after the event subsequently disallow any new construction that does not meet new construction standards. While many victims of wildland fire have vehemently complained of burdensome government obstruction in rebuilding efforts, improved construction standards will reduce a cycle of repetitive loss. However, it should be no


ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to examine the influence of the teacher's emotional intelligence to the students ' learning achievements, there is no influence of the teacher's personality competence on student learning achievements, and there is no influence on the emotional intelligence and personality competence of the teacher simultaneously on student learning achievement. The method used in this study is quantitative. With the number of respondents 154 students Madrasah Aliyah Qotrun Nada Depok. The approach used is multiple linear regression, consisting of two free variables, i.e. emotional intelligence and teacher personality competence. The variables are students ' learning achievements. From the results of research obtained, that there is the influence of the teacher's emotional intelligence to the learning achievement students of Madrasah Aliyah Qotrun Nada. It is evidenced by the test value T, the value of sig 0.001 < 0.05 then Ho rejected and Ha accepted. There is the influence of teacher personality competence on learning achievement of Madrasah Aliyah Qotrun Nada. It is evidenced by the test value T, the value of sig 0.000 < 0.05 then Ho rejected and Ha accepted. The emotional intelligence and personality competence of the teacher contributed concurrently to the learning achievement as much as 35.5%, it is evidenced by the test F.Keywords: Emotional intelligence, personality competence and achievements.


Background: In control system design there are often a number of design objectives to be considered. The objectives are sometimes connecting and no design exists which can be considered best with respect to all objectives. Hence, there is an inevitable tradeoff between design objectives, for example, between and output performance objective and stability robustness. These considerations have led to the study of multi objective optimization methods for control systems. Methods: In this study a multi-objective Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms NSGA-II is used to tuning of Proportional Derivative (PD) controller of a six freedom arm manipulator PUMA560. The NSGAII algorithm searches for the controller PD gains so that the six Integral Absolute Errors (IAE) in joint space are minimized. Results: Simulation numerical results of multivariable PD control and convergence of the NSGA-II are presented and discussed. Conclusion: The proposed optimization method based on NSGA-II is capable of generating adequate gains for PUMA560 system with minimum errors.


The use of mutual information as a tool in private data sharing has remained an open challenge due to the difficulty of its estimation in practice. In this paper, we propose InfoShape, a task-based encoder that aims to remove unnecessary sensitive information from training data while maintaining enough relevant information for a particular ML training task. We achieve this goal by utilizing mutual information estimators that are based on neural networks, in order to measure two performance metrics, privacy and utility. Using these together in a Lagrangian optimization, we train a separate neural network as a lossy encoder. We empirically show that InfoShape is capable of shaping the encoded samples to be informative for a specific downstream task while eliminating unnecessary sensitive information. Moreover, we demonstrate that the classification accuracy of downstream models has a meaningful connection with our utility and privacy measures.


This document describes a use case of multipath to achieve full CIA+
by using symmetric cryptography and point-to-point shared secrets.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SBI to the Assets Under Management (AUM) at the company's mutual fund shares listed on the stock exchange Indonesia (BEI) and to determine the effect Risk Mutual Fund Shares of the Asset Under Management (AUM) at the company's mutual funds listed shares in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with the observation period from 2013 to 2015. Variables used in this research is the SBI is calculated by taking the average value in one year and the Risk of Mutual Fund shares calculated using the Standard Deviation. This research carried out during the period of 3 (three) years. The research data is secondary data obtained from the Website Cash (www.kontan.co.id) which provides financial data. Data analysis technique used is the classical assumption test and multiple linear regression. The population in this study is the product Equity Fund is officially listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period 2013 - 2015. The sampling method is determined by using purposive sampling. The results showed that the SBI has no effect on the Significant Assets Under Management (AUM), while the Risk Mutual Fund Shares significant effect on Assets Under Management (AUM).


THE FIRST FULL-LENGTH ACCOUNT of the advent of the cotton-textile industry in the region, The Rise of Cotton Mills in the South immediately defined industrialization in the rural South upon its publication in 1921. Its influence was widely felt by southern intellectuals and shaped the interpretation of southern industrialization in many ways. Broadus Mitchell's idealistic chronicle of the southern textile industry founders reads as a progressive's endorsement of a southern industrial "revolution from above," to elevate the South from its economic and cultural doldrums. Mitchell viewed industrialization as necessary for southern progress and believed that its benefits to the South ultimately reached far beyond its profits to mill owners. In a lengthy introduction, David L. Carlton further explores the life and economic philosophies of Mitchell - giving a sturdy framework to this history and reinforcing it as a valuable assessment of a historical moment.


We present an ansatz which enables us to construct heterotic/M-theory dual pairs in four dimensions. It is checked that this ansatz reproduces previous results and that the massless spectra of the proposed new dual pairs agree. The new dual pairs consist of M-theory compactifications on Joyce manifolds of G 2 holonomy and Calabi-Yau compactifications of heterotic strings. These results are further evidence that M-theory is consistent on orbifolds. Finally, we interpret these results in terms of M-theory geometries which are K3 fibrations and heterotic geometries which are conjectured to be T 3 fibrations. Even though the new dual pairs are constructed as non-freely acting orbifolds of existing dual pairs, the adiabatic argument is apparently not violated.


Sense of social responsibility in contemporary society is becoming more and more important,and cultivating college students' social responsibility is one of the important responsibilities for universities.Sense of material responsibility is an important part of the sense of social responsibility.It plays an important role in promoting the sustainable development of society and improving college students' personality.However,today's university students are commonly weak in the sense of material social responsibility or even lack of it.Ecological problems have been major issues which confront human beings since the 20th century.It has become a new topic for university moral education to strengthen the ecological moral education and cultivate students' ecological consciousness.This paper discusses how to use the ecology moral education to enhance students' social material responsibility training,so as to help university students better shoulder the responsibility with which the age,society and the nation endow them.ade some advice on how to enhance the matter social responsibility of college students through the ecological ethics.


ABSTRACT Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a dynamic property that is a key indicator of soil management effectiveness within efforts toward climate change mitigation. This study was conducted to create locally-informed equations for predicting SOC from loss-on-ignition (LOI) analysis. Soil samples were collected from four counties across Nebraska. Total carbon, inorganic carbon, and LOI were analyzed in the lab, and SOC was calculated as the difference between total and inorganic carbon. Locally-trained equations relating SOC and LOI were evaluated. The accuracy of predictions based on the equations was assessed by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE). Linear relationships were observed between SOC and LOI, and were found to be weaker in western Nebraska (R2 = 0.59), compared to central and eastern parts of the state (R2 = 0.93). Predictions were more accurate using the locally-trained predictions (RMSE = 0.05–0.13) compared to conventional estimates (assuming organic matter is 58% carbon) (RMSE = 0.30–0.53), and were further improved by developing separate equations for surface (0–25 cm) and subsurface (25–180 cm) soils (RMSE = 0.02 to 0.07). Locally-trained, depth-specific predictive equations can be used to improve the accuracy of SOC analysis using the routine LOI analysis.


Abstract Creating an electronic archive becomes increasingly critical as electronic journals become a reality and virtually all material published is digital. Libraries have traditionally played a strong role in ensuring the preservation of material for future generations and should take the lead in overseeing the creation of an electronic archive. However, creating an electronic archive is a daunting task, requiring substantial financial resources, technical expertise, a computing and telecommunications infrastructure, and, most importantly, a commitment to a permanent archive. Thorny issues involve data migration, as well as a guarantee of perpetual access, while ensuring preservation of authorship and ownership. Various players, including publishers, aggregators, individual libraries, national libraries, and library cooperatives, are analyzed as to their appropriateness as the archivists of the future.


A field experiment in Dade County, Florida, evaluated the use of a pretrial settlement conference as a means of restructuring plea negotiations. All negotiations took place in front of a judge and victim, defendant, and arresting police officer were invited to attend. The conferences were brief but generally reached at least an outline of a settlement. They usually included at least one lay party although lay attendance rates were quite low. The change in the structure reduced the time involved in processing cases by lowering the information and decisionmaking costs to the judges and attorneys. No significant changes were observed in the settlement rate or in the imposition of criminal sanctions. There was some evidence that police and victims who attended the sessions obtained more information and developed more positive attitudes about the way their cases were handled.


Background.  Oligohydramnios has been shown to be a predictor of intrapartal fetal distress. In a selected group of low‐risk pregnancies, however, it has not yet been established that oligohydramnios contributes to intrapartal fetal distress.


The fusion of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) deformation data can leverage the advantages of GNSS high temporal resolution and InSAR high spatial resolution, and obtain more abundant deformation data for constraints on geophysical structural and mechanical parameters. Existing studies seldom consider the spatial heterogeneity of largescale deformation data, which easily leads to obvious spatial aggregation of errors in the results of fusion. Here, we propose a novel multiresolution segmentation fusion (MRSF) method that uses a multiresolution segmentation algorithm to automatically classify the spatial heterogeneity of InSAR deformation data with similar deformation characteristics. We applied the MRSF method to the fusion of GNSS and InSAR deformation data covering the central valley aquifer system (CVAS) in southern California to verify its precision and robustness. Results show that the MRSF method can accurately reflect spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of displacement data and reliably estimate deformation for the times and locations of missing data. We then tested this method for geophysical parameter estimation by constructing three different sets of data, including dense GNSS sites, sparse GNSS sites, and sparse GNSS sites fused with InSAR data using MRSF, to invert the slip distribution of the Cascadia subduction zone. Results show that the inverted slip of the fused InSAR and GNSS data is comparable to that of the dense GNSS sites. Therefore, the MRSF method can obtain deformation results with high precision and high spatiotemporal resolution and effectively compensate for the lack of data caused by sparse GNSS sites during the geophysical inversion process.


Acknowledgments Introduction: Organizing for Security 1. Welfare, Work, and Collective Action 2. State and Militia Welfare and Their Demise 3. Hard Times and Private-Sector Welfare Options 4. Kin Mutual Aid 5. Creating Kin and New Institutions 6. Elites, Elections, and Civil Society Conclusion: Insight into Identity and Institutions Appendix 1. Research Method and Data Appendix 2. Interview Questionnaires Notes Bibliography Index


This article aims to make some reflections on the joint proposal of the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Labor to organize Solidarity Economy ventures with mental patients, users of alcohol and other drugs. The analysis assumes that effective inclusion is only possible through the work, a basic category of society. It discuss the citizenship of the population showing how fundamental is the work to our society, setting up, from this way, with a educative principle by excellence. So, the proposal in question is a quest how put to the university incubators solidarity enterprises and this come been realized, with a incipient form, by some of them.


This paper introduced universal serial bus,SD memory card and embedded system.Author develop a kind of the SD card Reader of universal serial bus based on embedded system according to experiment,and give the procedure of partial controlling.


After completing house jobs in Stratford upon Avon, Anthony Christopher Bateman Wicks ("Tony") worked in Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) before becoming resident medical officer at the Warneford Hospital in Leamington Spa.

He returned as a lecturer in medicine to the University of Rhodesia …


In the past decade, course management systems (CMS) have become an integral part of most institutions of higher education. While there has been a significant amount of research looking at CMS usage at the course level, there has been less research looking at institution-wide CMS usage from a CMS activity database perspective. This article shares findings from a study which analyzes over 36 million student and instructor clicks within the Blackboard CMS across the entire campus of Brigham Young University (BYU) during one full academic year. This research reports overall levels of user activity across campus, patterns of user activity in the different features of Blackboard, and patterns of user activity in the different features of Blackboard within different colleges. The study compares the levels of activity for Blackboard CMS features that are predominantly pedagogical verses predominately administrative in nature.


reduce or even prevent this chronic cutaneous insufficiency syndrome. I also thought it necessary to propose a catching name to capture the interest and understanding of 'health professionals'. By health professional I did not mean dermatologists (see further) but e.g. nurses, geriatricians or hospital managers who may, by the wording, understand the potential consequence of this chronic cutaneous insufficiency syndrome. These health professionals are familiar with the word 'osteoporosis' and its implication in terms of complication and need for preventive measures. I have thus coined the term 'dermatoporosis' [2] . Let us consider now the appropriateness of the term 'dermatoporosis' from a dermatologist's point of view. Obviously a new name is always subject to criticism, from semantic, nosological and pathophysiological points of view. The case was submitted to experts on semantics, Prof. R. Happle and Prof. K. Holubar. Their views are reproduced below (see the Appendix). Let us consider now the appropriateness of the term 'dermatoporosis' from the point of view of a bone specialist. I asked a world expert on osteoporosis, Prof. R. Rizzoli, also chairman of the Department of Geriatrics in Geneva University Hospital. His comments are reproduced below (see the Appendix). Dermatoporosis may stand because this chronic cutaneous insufficiency/fragility syndrome has 'similarities' with osteoporosis and its complications, that is bone fragility, and focuses on the lack of preventive or curative measures dermatologists usually use. The concept of 'insufficiency' is well accepted for some organs, such as the kidney, liver, heart and lungs. For other organs, the failure of the primary function of the particular organ is called otherwise. In this issue of Dermatology , the skin claims its right to be insufficient! How to define the failure or the 'insufficiency' of the skin functions? Acute skin insufficiency, often fatal, is the brutal loss of all skin functions, which is seen in extensive burns or in toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome); nothing new in this matter. What is new is the emergence of a true chronic cutaneous insufficiency syndrome, associated with advanced age, accumulated sun exposure, prolonged systemic or topical corticosteroid therapy, and, maybe, other longterm treatments introduced in this period of life. The skin shows large areas of laceration and bleeds, the small wounds do not heal; therefore there is a failure of mechanical protective functions of the skin, leading to strongly disabling fragility. This dimension of skin aging is no longer that of cosmetics and appearance, it is that of functional failure. Considered highly trivial for a long time, the signs of skin fragility associated with these situations more often become, with increasing lifespan, the cause of significant morbidity, which sometimes results in prolonged hospital stays. Because of the significant increase in the number of these patients in our department (as many as 34 elderly patients with dissecting hematomas have been hospitalized these last 6 years, and many necessitated skin grafting [1] ), we started to think about how to treat,


One form of energy utilization from energy sources that is wasted in the wild is to capture energy from radio frequency (RF) with an antenna. This wasted energy is generally very weak. In this study, a dual-band microstrip antenna is designed by calculating the antenna parameters and performing simulations to obtain the best antenna characteristics. The dual-band rectangular microstrip antenna array designed at frequency 900 MHz has S11 of −23.6 dB and a gain of 8.095 dBi while at frequency 1800 MHz it has S11 of −37.4 dB and a gain of 9.895 dBi. The design of the antenna in the form of an array has improved the performance of the antenna in terms of gain, S11, VSWR, and effective aperture.


This paper introduces the important functions of the environmental influence evaluation in the ecological environment protection in the coal mining industry,and points out that the coal mining industry must implement the Law of the Environmental Influence Evaluation and do well the work of the environmental influence evaluation for the purpose of taking preventive measures and realizing the harmonious uniformity of the economic benefit,environmental benefit and social benefit.


The present invention presents a biocidic packaging for cosmetics and/or foodstuffs, comprises at least one insoluble proton sink or source (PSS). The ackaging is provided useful for killing living target cells (LTCs), or otherwise disrupting vital intracellular processes and/or intercellular interactions of said LTC upon contact. The PSS comprises, inter alia, (i) proton source or sink providing a buffering capacity; and (ii) means providing proton conductivity and/or electrical potential. The PSS is effectively disrupting the pH homeostasis and/or electrical balance within the confined volume of the LTC and/or disrupting vital intercellular interactions of the LTCs while efficiently preserving the pH of said LTCs' environment. The present invention also discloses a method for killing living target cells (LTCs), or otherwise disrupting vital intracellular processes and/or intercellular interactions of said LTC being in a packaging, especially cosmetic or foodstuffs' packaging.


In many parts of the world, global climate change strengthened by human activities has resulted in severe landscape changes. With rapidly changing environmental conditions and climate elements, many studies have focused on the causes and consequences of climate change. For at least 30 years, remote sensing has been used for the continuous monitoring of the Earth's surface, providing opportunities for long-term evaluation of vegetation changes. In our previous research, we focused on indicators that show and qualify processes such as vegetation, groundwater, and soil on the Great Hungarian Plain. We identified the connections


Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale-30 (SCBE-30). Method: 417 children (221 boys, 196 girls) between ages 31 to 73 (58 + 8.5) months, their mothers and their preschool teachers participated into the study. Teachers completed the SCBE-30 and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaires. Mothers completed questionnaires to report the child behavior problems and emotion regulation. Data on effortful control came from direct behavioral observations of 130 children. Results: Internal consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients supported the measure\'s reliability. The three-factor structure of the original form consisting of Anger-Aggression, Social Competence and Anxiety-Withdrawal factors was replicated in the Turkish sample. A total of 204 boys and 183 girls were divided into early childhood (42-59 months) and school entry (60-73 months) groups. Mean scores and percentile ranks were calculated for each group and gender to establish the preliminary norms. Significant relations between the SCBE subscales and child age, gender, behavior problems, emotion regulation as well as effortful control skills supported the measure\'s validity. Discussion: Results supported the reliability and validity of this short and comprehensive screening instrument for early identification of at-risk children who can benefit from preventive interventions.


Objective: Pain physicians should be aware of a rare but possible complication associated with the use of pe- ripheral nerve stimulation. While pacemaker dermatitis and allergic reactions to a spinal cord stimulator have been recog- nized, there have been no case studies of allergic reactions to a peripheral nerve stimulator described in the literature. Method: We presented a case report where the patient developed a post-operative allergic reaction. The symptoms re- ported were itching, a rash on the scalp, and a rash on the back of cervical and thoracic spine and buttocks, where the bi- lateral occipital peripheral nerve stimulator leads and pulse generator had been implanted for the patient's cervicogenic headache. Result: The patient experienced excellent relief of her headache and associated symptoms after stimulation therapy. However, she developed a skin reaction immediately after surgery and her symptoms gradually became severe and systemic. Conservative treatment and modalities failed to provide relief. Ultimately, her symptoms completely re- solved after the device was removed. Conclusion: An individual with a history of a significant allergic disease may de- velop an allergic reaction to the components of the peripheral nerve stimulation device. The details of a ptatient's allergy history and a patch test of the nerve stimulator components are necessary in this group of patients before proceeding with peripheral nerve stimulation therapy. If the patient with an allergic reaction to the implanted device fails conservative therapy, then removal of the device should provide definitive treatment and relief of the allergy associated symptoms.


Coomansinema n. gen. is related to Willinema Baqri & Jairajpuri, 1967, Opisthodorylaimus Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1982 and Mesodorylaimus Andrassy, 1959. It has lip region without sclcrotization, a wide and thick-walled odontostyle, second pair of ventrosublateral oesophageal gland nuclei (S 2 N) far from base of oesophagus, amphidelphic reproductive system, longitudinal vulva and short conoid tail in both sexes. The type species, Coomansinema dimorphicauda n. gen., n. sp. is described and illustrated.


We prove that the action of the Yangian algebra Y (slN ) is better described by the principal generators on the tensor product of the fundamental representation and its dual. The generalized Bell states or maximally entangled states are permuted by the principal generators in a dramatically simple manner on the tensor product. Under the Yangian symmetry the new quantum number J is also explicitly computed, which gives an explanation for these maximally entangled states.


163 Background: Relying solely on serum prostate-specific antigen (sPSA) to screen for prostate cancer (PCa) can lead to unnecessary biopsies. Biomarkers from urine and plasma were isolated to develop a detection scoring system for the presence of prostate cancer as well as to better predict aggressiveness. Methods: Urine and plasma specimens were analyzed from 141 patients (61 newly diagnosed PCa patients, 60 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and 20 post-prostatectomy patients) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the levels of UAP1, PDLIM5, IMPDH2, HSPD1, PCA3, PSA, TMPRSS2, ERG, GAPDH, and B2M genes. Patient age, sPSA level, and PCR data were entered through multiple algorithms to determine models most useful for detection of cancer and predicting aggressiveness. Results: We developed an algorithm for distinguishing PCa from BPH (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] of 0.78). Another algorithm distinguishes patients with Gleason Score (GS) ≥ 7 from GS < 7 cancer...


This report profiles five public PreK-12 learning education agencies across the U.S. that participated in the Digital Promise Center for Inclusive Innovation Teacher of Color Recruitment and Retention cohort and utilized the Inclusive Innovation model to create and launch locally contextualized programs designed by teachers of color.


A compact branch‐line crossover using open stubs structure is proposed. Even and odd mode analysis is adopted to derive the analytical formulas for a crossover with wide bandwidth and a compact size. The proposed crossover operating at 2.5 GHz has a fractional bandwidth of 23% (from 2.2 to 2.78 GHz) with high isolation, a high return loss, and low insertion loss. It also has a low group delay deviation of about 0.38 ns. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2673–2677, 2015


Water resource shortages are always a challenge for Middle Eastern countries in general and for the Palestinian Authority in particular. For over 20 years in Palestine, political factors and a lack of control over water resources have exacerbated the water problem there, seriously affecting water resources, in terms of quality and quantity. This research presents one of the applications of the Water Assessment and Planning (WEAP) model in the Nablus and Tulkarm watershed. The model is applied in evaluating and analyzing the existing balance and the role of treated wastewater and anticipates future scenarios for the management of water resources, taking into account the policies and operating the various factors that may affect the demand and the impact of treated wastewater on the water budget until 2035. The results showed that the amount of treated wastewater in the study area will reach 16 MCM by 2035. The agricultural sector needs 17 MCM and currently only 2.8 MCM are available from artesian wells. The results also showed that one of the reasons for not using treated wastewater is a lack of experience in the planning and selection of wastewater treatment plant sites and of the capacity to match these with agricultural land that could reuse the treated wastewater. Demand management and improvements in living standards are the prerequisites necessary for the proper management of available resources. The results confirmed that the WEAP program provides a solid foundation to assist planners in developing recommendations for the management of water resources in the future, through the detection of hot spots on which to work.


According to the present invention, a member for a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, which is bonded by interposing a thermoplastic sheet between a ceramic component and a metal component, can be adequately used at high temperature. A member for a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention is boned by interposing a thermoplastic sheet (16) between an alumina electrostatic chuck and an aluminum cooling plate (114). The thermoplastic sheet (16) is made by hardening an adhesive of epoxy-acrylic mixture. The adhesive contains (A) an epoxy resin of hydrogen movement type radicals, (B) a polymer of acrylic acid ester or methacrylic acid, and (C) a hardener.


We report on a computational chemistry course for undergraduate students that successfully incorporated a research project on the design of new contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging and sh...


Abstract In the present report, a comprehensive approach on the assessment of the lower eyelid for blepharoplasty is provided. Important items such as anatomical key areas and surgical factors are discussed. Proper management of lower eyelid deformities requires an understanding of both intrinsic and extrinsic anatomical factors resulting in the unfavorable outcome.


The article deals with the pedagogical environmental complex that helps higher school students' media-education forming, that is: forming information congruity of educational environment; using the participative methods of higher school students' media-education forming; applying the strategic and tactical educational technologies of higher school students' media-education forming; orienting the future experts to use the resources of media-environment for solving educational and industrial problems; developing and realization of "The Media-Education" special course program.


With the latest parallel version of regional climate model(RegCM3),three different cumulus convective parameterization schemes,Anthes-Kuo,MIT-Emanuel and Grell,are used to test their capability in simulating the heavy rain process happened in Yangtze-Huaihe River valley in July 2003.The simulations were conducted on the monthly total amount,procedural amount and distributional pattern of precipitation,the wind,potential height and humidity field structure either in the lower or middle-upper atmosphere.By analyzing the model outputs,we obtained that RegCM3 is capable of simulating the basic three dimensional atmospheric structure in Southern China while the summer heavy rain happened.Based on present case study of July 2003,we found that Anthes-Kuo scheme is better than Grell and MIT-Emanuel scheme in simulating the amount,distributional pattern and procedural intensity of the precipitation.Secondly,according to the simulation appraising index of Ts and Bs calculated for different critical values on rainfalls,still,Anthes-Kuo Scheme is better than Grell and MIT-Emanuel scheme in simulating the most common precipitation events with total procedure amount less than 100 mm.For those extreme events with procedure rainfall larger than 100 mm caused mainly by sub-grid scale strong convective systems,the present model is unable to handle such systems because of the computational facility.The further research should be directed to raise model resolution or use model nesting techniques.Thirdly,the atmospheric structure in middle-upper levels(higher than 700 hPa) simulated by different cumulus convective parameterization schemes shows negligible differences,while in the lower atmosphere of 850 hPa both wind field and moisture transferring structure are different as different parameterization schemes being used,which interpreted why the simulated precipitation behaved differently and why Anthes-Kuo's scheme is better than the others.


Development planning is an important management function of the government, as we are now facing various big changes, globally, regionally, nationally, and locally. Therefore Strategic Planning (RENSTRA) is considered an effective means to face this problem in composing this plan. There are several principles related to RENSTRA, covering: the basic value of the local government, the existence of local planning document, the RENSTRA meaning, and steps in making RENSTRA.


Daily‐priced real estate (DPRE) funds are designed to provide investors with daily liquidity while investing in illiquid private assets. DPRE fund returns are predictable, allowing for a trading strategy based on predicted returns to generate trading profits of 60–132 bps a year. Funds with higher predicted returns have higher investor flows, but the flow‐to‐future predicted performance relationship is no stronger for DPRE funds with higher return predictability than those with lower return predictability. This appears to be the result of trading constraints on highly predictable institutional DPRE funds. Even modest trading restrictions on monthly redemptions render profits from trading strategies based on return predictability economically insignificant.


A number of techniques have been developedfor removing lead pollutant from aqueous effluents tominimize its impact. Activated carbons (ACs) have beenproven to be effective adsorbents for the removal of awide variety of organic and inorganic pollutants. ACs arewidely used to treat waters contaminated with heavy met-als because of their well developed porous structures,large surface area and a wide spectrum of surface func-tional. This capacity is mainly derived from (i) theirporous texture, which gives them a large surface area, and(ii) their chemical nature, which can be appropriatelymodified by physical or chemical treatments to increasetheir adsorption capacity. The surface chemistry of ACshas a major influence on their capacity to adsorb inor-ganic compounds, especially metallic cations.


At present the problem of foreign students' adaptation is one of the most urgent issues in educational system. During cultural adaptation process two main factors are distinguished: the solution of different adaption students' problems and the dynamics of their motivation. It is based not only on the system of cultural aspects and their changes, but also on various issues of interpersonal relations. Motives are as one of the important aspects of cultural adaption system. Social and psychological changes of foreign students' motivational sphere depend on different cultural features, person's intentions and aims of living in a new country, their further profession and career development. Though there are some works on cultural interaction and relations between representatives of different cultures; in Tatarstan the problem of foreign students' adaptation to living and studying conditions still exist nowadays.


One wearable haptic exchanges interface (HHMI) can be from the muscle and neuro-receptive current active of user.Current active determines signal characteristic to current signal based on the received.According to the current active received, applied current signal to target object causes to react.Target object can be the remote control equipment of the biologic component of user, such as muscle, another user or a such as unmanned plane.Sample application includes mitigating tremble, accelerate study, recognizing factor, tele-robotic, unmanned plane and detection control, and incude virtual and augmented reality, apoplexy, brain and spinal cord rehabilitation, game, educate, relieve pain, entertaining, remote operation, the long-range participation or observation, biofeedback and virtual reality carried out such as competitive sports.Virtual reality refers to that user experiences the true generating process remotely under.The impression of true effect can be time, the difference on position and body.True effect can be consistent with nature, forms by virtual world or in the form that nature and virtual world mix.


Seventy-three years Indonesia had been free from the shackles of colonialism after the second world war, but until now the goal of Indonesian people to advance general welfare hasn't been able to be carried out fairly by governance bureaucrats. Distortions of universal interest or general interest through the public services which should be the main orientation of the state often occur due to the behavior of bureaucrats in Indonesia who tend to act cooperatively only on particular interests like Marx's criticism of Hegel regarding the role of bureaucrats. In fact, universal interest is the main instrument to create the general welfare. The rampant of discriminatory treatment towards certain class communities just aggravate the pathology of bureaucracy in Indonesia. As a result, the bureaucrats as agent of universal interest now they can't afford to be fair and do their job as well as agent of general interest. It's causing that bureaucrats are more suitable to be called "Birogog" which means bad office leaders. Keyword : Birogog, Interest, Agent


ABSTRACT A series of siliciclastic shoreline deposits began to prograde onto the southern Florida Platform during deposition of the early Oligocene-age Suwannee Limestone. These sediments were fine to very fine quartz sands deposited in belts parallel to the margin of the platform. The influx and mixing of these siliciclastic sediments did not affect the continued deposition of carbonate sediments on the platform because the sediments did not contain significant quantities of mud. Major siliciclastic sediment influxes occurred during minor regressive, eustatic sea level events affecting primarily the platform margins. Beginning in late Oligocene time, the frequency and volume of siliciclastic sediment influx onto the southern Florida Platform began to cause the drowning of the eastern margin of the platform. The eastern margin of the platform receded from the current geographic margin position westward a distance of about 65 miles. In the central part of the platform about 600 ft of mixed carbonate and siliciclastic sediment was deposited from the late Oligocene to the middle Miocene (Chattian to Serravallian) compared to a maximum of about 65 ft on the eastern margin. Subsequent influx of predominantly siliciclastic sediment with some carbonates in the late Miocene and early Pliocene terminated the growth of the platform and infilled the drowned part of the platform to produce the approximate geometry observed today.


The position of the Holy See with regard to the conflict in Spain after the failed coup d'etat of 17 July 1936 was very cautious, which was not understood neither by the Catholic refugees in Rome who had fled the tremendous religious persecution in the Republican zone, nor by the Nationalist diplomacy which sent the Marquis of Magaz to Rome and managed to override the ambassador of the Republic, Luis Zulueta. The unskilled diplomatic activities of the Marquis of Magaz, as well as the harsh action taken by the Nationalist government against the bishop of Vitoria and the execution by Nationalist troops of several priests who supported the Basque Nationalist Party, caused the Holy See to start considering both sides in a rather similar way. Cardinal Isidro Goma's trip in December 1936 managed to take the situation to a more favourable course for the Nationalist side.


According to the application of the design method with splitter blades in centrifugal machineries(such as compressor,fan and pump),the research studies states about the design methods and inner flow characteristic are summarized.The influence rules about adding splitter blades with different design parameters in the flow characteristic and centrifugal machineries performance are given in details,and the design methods to the splitter blades are summarized,and the research forecast in these two aspects are also presented.


Between locality and governmental needs — experiences of outcome registration of Wroclaw University Library in 2015Legislative changes of Science Funding Law made in 2015 have imposed significant modifications in functioning of the database Bibliography of University of Wroclaw Academic Staff Publications http://www.bu.uni.wroc.pl/publikacje. It was founded in 2004 and since 2015 was only auxiliary tool for searching records to report them with another application to the Polish Ministry of Higher Education. From 2015 we were enforced to be asource of raw data xml given to the nationwide application Polish Scholary Bibliography Polska Bibliografia Naukowa. The need to adapt big amount of already gathered data about 10.000 records to governmental guidelines and to prepare instructions to new data was abig challenge to the team of Section of Bibliographic-Documentation Duties and Computerization Departament of Wroclaw University Library. The text is adescription of solutions used in the first period of cooperation the local database and nationwide one.


Papers presented at the Transonic Symposium are compiled. The following subject areas are covered: National Transonic Facility status; transonic aerodynamics of slender wing-body configuration; laminar flow flight experiments; laminar flow wind tunnel experiments; computational support of X-29A flight experiment; transition location on a clean-up glove installed on a F-14 aircraft; and design studies for a laminar glove for the X-29 aircraft.


The issue of security has recently gained acute relevance for theoreticians and policymakers, but the way in which culture relates to security has yet to be given the attention it deserves. This article argues that all discourses and practices of security – ours as well as those of others – are cultural in nature, are historically positioned, and therefore inescapably plural. The article uses a case study of today's revival of Buddhism in Cambodia to illustrate how an anthropological approach may be applied in order to begin challenging the inherent ethnocentricity of much security theory. It explores a particular indigenous scheme of security, and how that scheme relates to power and moral legitimacy. The way Cambodians understand and deal with danger should, it is contended, alert us to the need for social scientists and policymakers to seek culturally sensitive understandings of security. This may help us make sense of local behaviour that may seem unreasonable according to our values; it can provoke us to check and refine our theory rather than indiscriminately apply it; and it may help limit the hegemony of privileged systems of ideas and the violence these can sometimes do to disempowered systems.


This paper mainly studies the influence of community opening on road traffic. Combined with the reality of life, from the lane of the influencing factors, to find out several important factors, and accordingly the establishment of mathematical models for the community to put forward rationalization proposals.Firstly, the influence of different factors on the same index is selected by using the found data and analogy method. Through the analytic hierarchy process, the weight vector of each index is calculated by using MATLAB, and an appropriate evaluation index system is established.This paper establishes a mathematical model based on the equal relationship between traffic volume, traffic capacity and saturation before and after the opening of the district, and studies the influence of the opening of the district on the surrounding road traffic according to the basic traffic capacity and the crossing capacity of the access road.


A comparative study of the AASHTO Interim Guide and the 1986 AASHTO Guide is described. A sensitivity analysis is presented which indicates the relative importance of variables used in the 1986 Guide. This allows for a more informed selection of variables. Comparisons of designs using both guides is presented. Based upon present design procedures used by the South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SCHDPT) and performance of pavements constructed using the Interim Guide, it appears that benefits can be obtained by using the new guide which uses the resilient modulus as a basis for establishing a soil support value. The SCHDPT can phase in the use of the 1986 Guide with full implementation in several years as correlations of resilient moduli and other soil properties are developed. Summaries of questionnaires gathered from most states are presented.


DURING the summer of 1948, the Columbia although this result may be misleading since Broadcasting System and Rutgers University the impact is not uniform for various segentered into a joint continuing project to ments of the audience; to young children study and document the social consequences television is not a substitute activity but of television ownership in a middle-sized something over and above the regular activity Eastern city. This paper reports some of the patterns. Finally, there is evidence that telefindings from the first phase of the project. vision is responsible for new family interests The most recent additions to the TV audience and widened circles of friends. are being contributed by the lower socioThe authors are members of the Departeconomic levels; TV is exerting an apparent ment of Sociology at Rutgers, Chairman and over-all effect on other leisure time activities, Research Associates, respectively.


The forming reasons and its harmness of enterprise sale potential deficit are analyzed in detail. The measures and strategies are put forward so as to forbid the potential deficit and the count not to be settled at all.


This book covers the basic topics of computational stochastic mechanics, while focusing on the stochastic analysis of structures in the framework of the finite element method (FEM). It is addressed to students of the postgraduate programme of the School of Civil Engineering at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA). It is a self-contained book and aims at establishing a solid background on stochastic and reliability analysis of structural systems, such that it will enable future engineers to better manage the concepts of analysis and design in the presence of uncertainty as imposed in almost all modern engineering requirements. Computational stochasticmechanics is a field of mechanics that first appeared in the 70s in order to describe mechanical systems that show unpredictable behavior due to inherent uncertainty. Since then, it has evolved into a self-contained and prolific science field and has brought forth a wide range of sophisticated and well-established methodologies for the quantification of uncertainties inherent in engineering systems. Due to the rapidly growing availability of large-scale and low-cost computer power, the intensive computational demands of these techniques are becoming more and more manageable. This fact, has made the quantification of uncertainty increasingly popular in the engineering community; the progress achieved over the last decade in applying the theory of stochastic processes within the framework of classical engineering has led into higher levels of structural reliability with respect to traditional empirical safety factor approaches, both in terms of safety and economy. As a result, design engineers can now take rational and quantified risk mitigation measures to face the random nature of various parameters (material and geometric properties, loading conditions, etc). Parameter uncertainty quantification and methods to predict uncertainty propagation on the response of structural systems have become an essential part of the analysis and design of engineering applications. Stochastic analysis and in particular the Stochastic Finite Element Method (SFEM), is a valuable and versatile tool for the


The emission of contaminants is partly produced by combustion processes, introducing H3O, NOx, SOx, CO2, heavy metals and organics into the atmosphere. They subsequently reach the land cover either by interception (dry and wet) or directly by precipitation (wash out). Usually the contaminant concentration in interception deposition and in air are equal. The former may even be larger because of evaporation at the interceptor surfaces (tree leafs). In rainy deposition, on the contrary, the contaminant content is mostly diluted.


An unprecedented radical ring-closure onto the pyridine nitrogen was observed when certain types of substituents were present around the pyridine nucleus.


The Optimal Currency Area (OCA) theory states that countries are more suited to belong to a monetary union when they meet certain criteria related to the real convergence of an economy: a high degree of external openness, mobility of factors of production and diversification of production structures. According to this theory, if there is a clear convergence between business cycles of countries that are willing to join the monetary union and the business cycle within the currency area, then this tends to prove that these countries are ready to enter the currency area. In particular, in this paper, we are testing this hypothesis in order to determine whether new European member states are ready to join the euro area; first, we shall present a literature review on the business cycle correlation issue; then, we shall use a model which enables us to study the correlation between business cycles throughout the European Union, and in particular between the NMS' business cycles and the "euro area business cycle" (EABC), if the latter exists. Introduction Real convergence between two groups of countries is effective when the criteria determined by the Optimal Currency Area (OCA) theory are fulfilled, and when the business cycles are found to be correlated between the two groups of countries. The Optimal Currency Area (OCA) theory states that countries are more suited to belong to a monetary union when they meet certain criteria related to the real convergence of an economy: a high degree of external


Based on the Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, and the Supreme Court regulation have extended the absolute competence of the Administrative Court to examine elements of abuse of authority committed by state officials in carrying out their positions. However, this authority is not the only option given by law in Indonesia, which in addition there is also the authority of the general court to resolve the topic of abuse of authority that causes harm to the country. therefore, there is still ambiguity and overlap in laws related to abuse of authority which causes losses to state finances which ultimately has an impact on legal certainty and justice for related parties. This type of thesis research used normative juridical research that is descriptive. The Data used to answer the problems in this study were secondary data and primary data derived from library research. The results of the study found that the District Administrative Court was authorized to decide related elements of abuse of authority committed by the agency and/or government officials. The analysis of the state administration Case Number: 2/P/PW/2017/PTUN.JBI. not compatible with Perma No. 4 of 2015 because it did not meet the requirements, the new court is authorized to accept, examine, and decide the assessment of the application, after the results of the supervision of the government Internal Audit apparatus (APIP) and the court is authorized to accept, examine, and decide the assessment of the application for assessment of whether or not there was abuse of authority in the decisions and/or actions of government officials before the criminal process. The conclusion obtained was the analysis of the consideration of judges and the decision of the PTUN Jambi was wrong and not in accordance with what was mandated in Regulation No. 4 of 2015 (Perma No. 4 of 2015) on guidelines in the assessment of judicial elements of abuse of authority. It is recommended to the government to harmonize laws and regulations related to abuse of authority both in terms of criminal and administrative aspects of the government in order to achieve regulatory harmony.


Abstract The metaloging – cataloguing – of digital geospatial data is discussed. The following metadata schemas are briefly reviewed: Dublin Core; the US Federal Geographic Data Committee's 'Content Description for Digital Geospatial Data'; the ISO standard 19115 (2003), 'Geographic Information Metadata'; XML; METS; and MODS. This is followed by a brief description of The Alexandria Digital Library.


Software process management system, the needs analysis is the basis for all work and source, is a top priority. Requirements analysis, software developers, project leaders and team members and between the software developer and software on the client side, requires adequate and convenient communication. Proposes a collaboration to resolve data synchronization over multiple versions system conflict solution for solving the DFD model during synchronous collaboration has developed a comprehensive programme. CSCW data flow modeling based on multiple versions is innovation.


Research background. Protein A affinity chromatography is a well-established method currently used in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the high costs usually associated with Protein A chromatographic separation and its difficulties in continuous operation make the investigation of alternative purification methods of great importance.
Experimental approach. In this study, the development and optimization of extraction-back extraction and precipitation-dissolution methods were performed, and they were compared with Protein A and cation exchange chromatographic separations in terms of mAb yield and concentration of residual impurities, such as DNA, host cell proteins, and mAb aggregates. To perform a comprehensive comparison of the different methods, experiments were carried out from the same cell-free fermentation broth containing adalimumab.
Results and conclusions. Protein A and cation exchange chromatographic separations resulted in high adalimumab yield and purity. The precipitation-based process resulted in high yield, but with lower purity. The extraction-based purification resulted in low yield and purity. Thus, the precipitation-based method was found to be more promising for direct purification of adalimumab from harvested cell culture fluid compared to the extraction-based method.
Novelty and scientific contribution. Although alternative purification methods could offer the advantages of simplicity and low-cost operation, further significant improvements are still required to compete with the performance of the chromatographic separations of adalimumab from real fermentation broth.


Problem of Clasroom Action Research Issues (CAR) is the " How to Kondergarten State Coach Kepahiang". The purpose of the Clasroom Action Research (CAR) is that with the use of reinforcement is varied. Subject of study of 20 childern of 9 boys and 11 girls. Action taken in this study consisted of 2 cycle. In cycle I generally acquired 62,25% of children who have increasiddiscipline. In cycle II is generally acquired 89,61% of children who have increased discipline. Cycle II declared a success because the percentage of success criteria of 75%. It can be concluded that the use of reinforcement is varied to improve the discipline of children group B1 Kindergarten State Coach Kepahiang . Key word : Discipline, Reinforcement


national demographic data. And as they appear to be going through the transition more quickly than did the European nations, shorter time series will be adequate. The eleven analytical essays reflect Laslett's concern to bring more systematic evidence to the study of historical demography, and to rely less on anecdotal evidence about older people. The sources are diverse and include British census microdata, Hungarian parish and church registers, Russian head-tax records, Italian manuscript census records, colonial probate inventories and, from the United States, census manuscripts, public use microdata samples, surveys of working-class households, and railroad pension records. In general it is hard to find much that is wrong with this collection. More coverage of retirement and how older men in particular were able to retire before the rise of the welfare state would have been helpful. Finding the means to finance the retirement of increasing numbers of ageing baby-boomers is a steadily and predictably approaching task: the past presents examples of what has and has not worked. Also, there is little of Robert Fogel's recent work on nutrition and the standard of living, research that has important implications for mortality and ageing. The concluding essay by David Kertzer indicates that the concept of the nuclear household in the western world needs to be examined more carefully. While extended households may have been rarer than is widely believed, they still may have existed in a more complicated form as a means to support older individuals. Such a system of households he refers to as a 'nuclear reincorporation' system. The only criticism of the last essay is that, while a compelling argument, it does not provide much insight into how to decide if a household type is common or not. Nevertheless, the book clearly sets out how future work in historical demography should be done to be a thriving and useful field.


Bioprospecting is an effort to create a value for biodiversity. Bioactivity identification of tree species is an important step to get high economic value from Kerangas forest. Screening bioactivity of plants was conducted by ethnobotanical survey and qualitative phytochemistry compound tests. Data collection in the ethnobotanical survey was conducted using a structured interview. Dried leaves and barks of selected trees from Kerangas forest were tested for qualitative phythochemistry compound. Qualitative phytochemistry analyzed by detected of color visualization. There are a total of 42 plants located in heath forest, 38 species of which are used by the people as a medicine (90.48%). There are 10 species of tree that is always found in various locations all in heath forest. 8 tree species are commonly used as a medicine by community. Result showed that parts of selected trees from Kerangas forest had various phythochemistry compounds. It can be concluded that methanol extract of Kerangas tree species have potential bioactivities. Phytochemical content of some trees species may have potential as antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiinflamation, antioxidant, anti-plasmodium, asthma treatment and vitality.


An exploratory investigation was conducted using the advanced NMR technique CRAMPS (combined rotation and multiple-pulse spectrometry) to provide information on the types of organic functionality via hydrogen types present on the surface of tar sand residues. The solvents hexane, toluene, and methylene chloride were used to extract the bitumen from the native tar sand. All three solvents removed essentially all of the bitumen from the mineral matrix. However, the solid-state /sup 1/H NMR and diffuse reflectance infrared have shown the presence of a small amount of organic material still in contact with the mineral matrix. Tar sand residues after extraction with methylene chloride contain less organic material than the tar sand residues obtained after solvent extraction with hexane. The hydrogen spectra of the residues show a greater amount of aromatic hydrogens than aliphatic hydrogens. Of interest were the relatively large amounts of hydrogen caused by (1) alkyl hydrogens adjacent to ketone carbonyl functionality, (2) hydrogens of methylene groups bridged between aromatic rings, and/or (3) hydrogens of methyl and ethyl substituents on aromatic rings. The infrared data on the extracted tar sand residue also show a relatively large amount of ketone functionality. The spectra of the residues obtained from the isothermalmore » and nonisothermal pyrolysis of the native tar sand show that a relatively large amount of bitumen still remains with the mineral matrix even at a temperature of 380/degree/C (716/degree/F). Above 400/degree/C (752/degree/F) the /sup 1/H spectra changed dramatically but still do not have the /sup 1/H resolution that was apparent in the spectra of the tar sand residues from solvent extraction. The major change in the /sup 1/H spectra of the tar sand residues after pyrolysis above 400/degree/C was the loss of paraffinic hydrogens. 75 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.« less


AbstractThe new virtual modelling tool is constructed, which is used for optimal design of power transmission lines and cables. The construction of such lines should meet the latest power transmission network technical and economical requirements. The solver is is based on classical and modified mathematical models describing main heat conduction processes: diffusion, convection and radiation in various materials and environments. In basic heat conduction equation, we take into account a linear dependence of the resistance on temperature. Multi-physic and multi-scale models are required to simulate industrial cases of power transmission lines. The velocity of convective transport of the heat in air regions is simulated by solving a coupled thermo-convection problem including the heat conduction problem and the standard Navier-Stokes model of the heat flow in air. Another multi-physic model is used to describe changes of material heat conduction coefficients in soil due to influence of heating. This proces...


A relatively simple method for generating high-voltage (/spl sim/200 kV) trigger pulses with low jitter (/spl sim/1 ns) has been developed at the Nike KrF Laser Facility. The output pulse (/spl sim/10 mJ) from a frequency-quadruple Nd:YAG laser is focused between the electrodes of a spark gap, which acts as the first-stage switch in a compact, eight-stage Marx generator. The spark gap is pressurized with a mixture of sulfur hexafluoride and air. The UV (266 nm) laser energy ionizes the SF/sub 6/, creating a spark which triggers the switch. A 20-cm focal length lens is used. The defocusing laser light then illuminates the remaining, self-breaking spark-gap switches in the Marx, pre-ionizing them. The Marx output is approximately 200 kV into 50 ohms, with a risetime of 2 ns. A single Marx is capable of triggering six 100-kV spark gaps via six 65-ohm cables in parallel, with an overall jitter of /spl plusmn/1 ns. A single laser triggers three Marxes; the trigger timing of each can be adjusted independently by changing the laser path lengths. The system uses off-the-shelf components throughout.


The information is given about the optical arrangement, in which the elements of the coordinate allocations of the Mueller-matrix of the optically thin polycrystalline layers are defined. The algorisms are given and the experimental methods of measuring the Jones-matrix pictures are analyzed. The experimental results of the investigation of the statistical, correlative and fractal parameters are represented and they characterize the Mueller-matrix pictures of polycrystalline systems of the essential types of human's amino acid.


Objective To explore the perioperative complications in laparoscopic total cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepatoenterostomy for choledochal cyst in children.Methods Retrospective analyses were performed for 78 cases of laparoscopic total cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepatoenterostomy choledochal cyst from March 2012 to November 2013.There were 9 males and 69 females.And the types were cystic (n =61) and fusiform (n =17).Results Laparoscopic procedure was completed successfully for all cases.The average operative duration was 3.5 (2.5-5.5) hours.Intraoperative complication occurred in 3 patients.There were right hepatic duct injury (n =1),left hepatic duct separation (n =1) and bleeding of variation cholecystic artery (n =1).All three cases were treated timely during surgery without adverse consequences.Postoperative complications of 8 cases included hemorrhage (n=2),bile leakage (n =2),anastomotic stenosis (n =1),postoperative pancreatitis (n =1) and gallbladder fossa or subphrenic encapsulated fluid (n =2).Exploratory laparotomy was performed for hemorrhage (n =1) and laparoscopic hepatoenterostomy for anastomosis stricture (n =1).One case of bile leakage was cured after 3 weeks of peritoneal drainage while another case recovered completely after puncture drainage for encapsulated fluid.Postoperative pancreatitis was cured after jejunal feeding for 4 weeks.During a follow-up period of 3-22 months,reexaminations of liver function and ultrasound were made.Three cases of intrahepatic calcification were found with normal liver function.Conclusions Laparoscopic total cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepatoenterostomy for choledochal cyst is a complex and high-risk procedure.Precise intraoperative handling may reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Key words:
Choledochal cyst;  Laparoscopy;  Intraoperative complications


AbstractThe objective of this paper is to investigate how the aeroelastic stability, particularly flutter, is affected by aircraft maneuvers. The authors' investigation is based on a comprehensive mathematical model of aircraft, which is achieved by seamlessly integrating all the disciplines pertinent to flight of aircraft. The aircraft is treated as an unstrained, flexible multibody system subject to unsteady aerodynamics. The bodies are fuselage, wing, and horizontal and vertical stabilizers, whose structures are modeled as beams in bending and torsion. The equations of motion are derived using Lagrange's equations in quasi-coordinates. The resulting equations are a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of relatively high order. The final model is used to determine flutter speeds of aircraft at steady level turn and steady climb at various altitudes. These maneuvers are especially chosen to keep the equations time invariant. The numerical results are given for a generic transport model (GTM)....


— GENEPI2 (GEnérateur de NEutrons Pulsé Intense) is an accelerator-based neutron source operating at LPSC laboratory in Grenoble (France). The neutrons are produced at 2.5 MeV or 14.2 MeV trough fusion reactions. GENEPI2 specifications allow performing efficiently accelerated irradiation tests of integrated circuits. This facility can also be operated to test and calibrate different types of detectors. This paper will describe the facility and its performances. Then, measurements of the neutron production will be presented as well as different types of experiments and irradiations. Finally, we describe upgrades undertaken to increase the neutron flux and optimize the facility for multiple applications.


The utility model relates to a safety device for automobiles, which consists of a barometric pressure steel cylinder, an air pocket and a sensor. Two sub-air pipes(7) and(11) are connected with the nozzle of the barometric pressure steel cylinder(1), and the sub-air pipe(7) is connected with the inner air pocket(2) and an air pocket(3); and the inner air pocket(2) and the air pocket(3) are arranged on the top of the automobile. The sub-air pipe(11) is connected with a side seat air pocket(6), a back seat air pocket(4) and a meter board(8); a sensing switch(5) is provided on the nozzle of the barometric pressure steel cylinder(1), and the sensing switch(5) is separately connected with a vehicle head sensor(9), a fender guard sensor(10), a front driving shaft sensor(12), and a back driving shaft sensor(13). When one part of the automobile is hit, the related sensor is opened, the related air pocket is charged with air, the safety of the automobile is guaranteed and the people in the automobile can not hurt.


We consider the distributed formation control problem for a network of agents using visual measurements. We propose solutions that are based on bearing (and optionally distance) measurements, and agents with double integrator dynamics. We assume that a subset of the agents can track, in addition to their neighbors, a set of static features in the environment. These features are not considered to be part of the formation, but they are used to asymptotically control the velocity of the agents. We analyze the convergence properties of the proposed protocols analytically and through simulations.


Children with Behavioural, Emotional and Social Difficulties (BESD) are at high risk of experiencing exclusion in both England and Greece. However, this particular category of Special Educational Needs (SEN) has so far received relatively little academic or political attention in comparison to other SEN. This paper attempts to point out the barriers that may prevent the inclusion of children with BESD both in terms of the theoretical conceptualisation of the category itself and in terms of the policies and practices that England and Greece may implement. In order to achieve a further yet coherent picture of the current situation, this paper has identified three different types of factors that may negatively influence inclusion. Therefore, by discussing the possible ideological, structural, and practical challenges, the paper aims to highlight the crucial need for further theoretical insight that would be able to inform and promote the establishment of a more cohesive and efficient legislative framework for pupils with BESD in both countries.


This article focuses on the multifaceted personality of a large and practitioners in the field of musical folklore, Professor Leo L. Christiansen founder and artistic director of the Ural State Russian Folk Choir, was behind the modern science of folklore and folk-singing education in Russia. The paper outlines the key issues raised by the scientists during his scientific practical and pedagogical activity, emphasize their relevance at the present stage of development of folk art of singing. As a result, says the exclusive role of practical recommendations L.L. Christiansen performers and managers folk-singing groups, as well as effective fruitfulness he developed scientific techniques have allowed scientists to predict in many ways the future of folk traditions in the home and in professional work.


Efficient and effective fishery extension officers (FEO) are expected to keep themselves updated on the subject matter they deal and related aspects. A skill gap analysis was carried out with 33 important competencies required for the fisheries extension personnel on a dichotomous importance vs competence continuum. The results indicated that higher level of skill gaps were expressed in shrimp disease diagnosis and management, conducting farm demonstrations, preparation of extension aids using information communication technologies (ICT), monitoring of soil and water quality parameters and selection of quality shrimp seeds. The respondents were of the perception that research and extension linkage which is vital for capacity enhancement of extension personnel, technology refinement, dissemination and feedback is to be improved in fisheries sector. In the absence of an efficient mechanism to coordinate research and extension systems, the study suggested that the research institutions may develop appropriate capacity building modules by incorporating both technical and extension subjects for training the FEOs in all the maritime states so that location-specific technological issues could be focused. The study also recommended that ICT aided tools like expert systems may be developed and employed for enhancing the capacities of the fishery extension officers.


A seed disperser's effectiveness, measured as its contribution to plant fitness, has both qualitative and quantitative components. Quantitatively-restricted seed dispersal occurs when the quantity of seeds dispersed is limited by disperser abundances or behavior. To understand how different avian frugivores impact dispersal, we studied the assemblage of frugivores that feed on Virola flexuosa (Myristicaceae) over a two-year period at two sites differing in hunting pressure in Amazonia Ecuador. Here, we focus on the effectiveness of toucans (Ramphastidae) as dispersers and test the hypothesis that removal of V. flexuosa seeds, influenced by differential visits of large-bodied frugivores, will differ between hunted and non-hunted sites. All visiting frugivores were identified and fruit handling behavior, fruit removal rates and time spent foraging were quantified. Seventeen bird and three primate species were recorded foraging in V. flexuosa trees. Toucans and primates were the most important avian dispersers comprising nearly 85% of visits with six toucan species recorded in 74% of visits. For all visiting frugivores, mean visit length was 7.1 ± 9.1 minutes and mean number of seeds consumed per visit Holbrook, Kimberly M., 2006, UMSL, p. 76 was 2.4 ± 3.1. Ramphastos toucans and Pteroglossus pluricinctus were responsible for 38.2% and 11.9% of all seeds removed, respectively. A proportionately larger number of seeds were removed from fruiting trees at the non-hunted site (TBS, 89.4%) than at the hunted site (YRS, 66.8%). In addition, there were more frugivore visits at TBS than YRS. We found that species more likely to swallow seeds, and, thus more likely to disperse seeds away from parent trees made significantly more visits to trees at TBS than did species that drop seeds. Moreover, species more likely to be hunted had higher visitation rates at TBS than YRS. Examining the dispersers of the Neotropical tree V. flexuosa, we found differences in the frugivore assemblage and the overall number of seeds dispersed from individual trees between two structurally similar forest sites. We suggest a quantitative effect on dispersal of seeds at the Yasuní Research Station, potentially resulting from a reduction in seed dispersers.