Contaminants introduced into the subsurface of the Nevada Test Site at Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain by underground nuclear testing are of concern to the U.S. Department of Energy and regulators responsible for protecting human health and safety. Although contaminants were introduced into low-permeability rocks above the regional flow system, the potential for contaminant movement away from the underground test areas and into the accessible environment is greatest by ground-water transport. The primary hydrologic control on this transport is evaluated and examined through a series of contour maps developed to represent the water-level distribution within each of the major aquifers underlying the area. Aquifers were identified and their extents delineated by merging and analyzing multiple hydrostratigraphic framework models developed by other investigators from existing geologic information. The contoured water-level distribution in each major aquifer was developed from a detailed evaluation and assessment of available water-level measurements. Multiple spreadsheets that accompany this report provide pertinent water-level and geologic data by well or drill hole. Aquifers are mapped, presented, and discussed in general terms as being one of three aquifer types—volcanic aquifer, upper carbonate aquifer, or lower carbonate aquifer. Each of these aquifer types was subdivided and mapped as independent continuous and isolated aquifers, based on the continuity of its component rock. Ground-water flow directions, as related to the transport of test-generated contaminants, were developed from water-level contours and are presented and discussed for each of the continuous aquifers. Contoured water-level altitudes vary across the study area and range from more than 5,000 feet in the volcanic aquifer beneath a recharge area in the northern part of the study area to less than 2,450 feet in the lower carbonate aquifer in the southern part of the study area. Variations in water-level altitudes within any single continuous aquifer range from a few hundred feet in a lower carbonate aquifer to just more than 1,100 feet in a volcanic aquifer. Flow directions throughout the study area are dominantly southward with minor eastward or westward deviations. Primary exceptions are westward flow in the northern part of the volcanic aquifer and eastward flow in the eastern part of the lower carbonate aquifer. Northward flow in the upper and lower carbonate aquifers in the northern part of the study area is possible but cannot be substantiated because data are lacking. Interflow between continuous aquifers is evaluated and mapped to define major flow paths. These flow paths delineate tributary flow systems, which converge to form the regional ground-water flow system. The implications of these tributary flow paths in controlling transport away from the underground test areas at Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain are discussed. The obvious data gaps contributing to uncertainties in the delineation of aquifers and development of water-level contours are identified and evaluated.


The order of priority of obligee on the patients' side about informed consent,which is a problem not be ignored,is connected with patients' interests.From medical ethical view,to analyse the content of right for informed consent,the scope and qualification of obligee on the patients' side;meanwhile,to discuss the dilemma of ethical paradox and practice in special condition.We think it is necessary and urgent that a law of patients' rights should be made as soon as possible,including the right for informed consent.


Objective
To explore the application effect of ICU checklist of medical cooperation on prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Methods
Totally 728 patients with mechanical ventilation from July 2015 to July 2016 in ICU were assigned to the experimental group with using of the checklist; and 685 patients with mechanical ventilation from June 2014 to June 2015 were set as the control group who did not use the checklist. The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and medical cooperation were compared before and after the implementation of the checklist.

Results
The incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia were 6.72% (46/685) and 3.02% (22/728), the intervention strategy execution rates were 63.36% (434/685) and 84.89% (618/728) before and after the application of checklist, there was significant difference between two groups (χ2=10.51, 86.03, P < 0.01). Medical cooperation (doctors and nurses) and satisfaction scored 18.53 ± 2.39, 21.91 ± 2.16, 30.93 ± 2.18 and 26.71 ± 2.21, 28.64 ± 2.55, 45.33 ± 1.74 before and after the application of checklist, there was significant difference between two groups (t=6.14, 14.25, 2.39, P < 0.01 or 0.05).

Conclusions
The application of checklist can improve the medical cooperation on prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia management, reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, improve medical cooperation, nursing satisfaction and the management efficiency, which is worthy of popularization and application.

Key words:
Intensive care units; Pneumonia, ventilator-associated; Medical cooperation; Checklist


Do people have well-defined social preferences waiting to be applied when making decisions? Or do they have to construct social decisions on the spot? If the latter, how are those decisions influenced by the way in which information is acquired and evaluated? These temporal dynamics are fundamental to understanding how people trade off selfishness and prosociality in organizations and societies. Here, we investigate how the temporal dynamics of the choice process shape social decisions in three studies using response times and mouse tracking. In the first study, participants made binary decisions in mini-dictator games with and without time constraints. Using mouse trajectories and a starting time drift diffusion model, we find that, regardless of time constraints, selfish participants were delayed in processing others' payoffs, whereas the opposite was true for prosocial participants. The independent mouse trajectory and computational modeling analyses identified consistent measures of the delay between considering one's own and others' payoffs (self-onset delay, SOD). This measure correlated with individual differences in prosociality and predicted heterogeneous effects of time constraints on preferences. We confirmed these results in two additional studies, one a purely behavioral study in which participants made decisions by pressing computer keys, and the other a replication of the mouse-tracking study. Together, these results indicate that people preferentially process either self or others' payoffs early in the choice process. The intrachoice dynamics are crucial in shaping social preferences and might be manipulated via nudge policies (e.g., manipulating the display order or saliency of self and others' outcomes) for behavior in managerial or other contexts. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decisions analysis. Funding: F. Chen acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71803174 and 72173113]. Z. Zhu acknowledges support from the Ministry of Science and Technology [Grant STI 2030-Major Projects 2021ZD0200409]. Q. Shen acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71971199 and 71942004]. I. Krajbich acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation [Grant 2148982]. This work was also supported by the James McKeen Cattell Fund. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4732 .


The education experience is frequently taking place within Learning Management Systems (LMS) deployed by an educational institution. Within these computer-mediated environments, students communicate with forums, online exercises, digital learning tools, games, and other types of digital content. Each individual interaction can provide one or more data points, and the system can collect a huge amount of data on student actions, courses, and learning tools. The learner profile is done either by using the formal and Informal Learning. In this paper, we propose a new approach to enrich the learner profile by the integration of new components of e-informal Learning and introduce a process to collect and share learner Information.


The proposed design for improving torsional stiffness of the Manhattan Bridge in New York, N. Y. was developed by the author as an alternate to published plans for reducing the excessively high maintenance costs of the bridge. A preliminary simplified model incorporating the principal components of the proposed design was analyzed. The results indicated a decrease in torsional deflections approaching 90%. A rigorous check was made using the computer to analyze three dimensional models of two suspension bridges. The bridges were the same in overall dimension and member size, except that one was conventionally framed and the other contained elements of the author's designs.


This paper appraises the indoor thermal environment of two natural ventilated pre-school buildings in Shah Alam city, Selangor. The physical measurement and survey questionnaires on thermal comfort were conducted among the teachers. The results obtained showed that mean temperature and relative humidity of both pre-school buildings were exceeded the standard, while for air velocity was still in suggested standard. The calculated Prediction Mean Vote (PMV) for both pre-school buildings were 0.9 which indicate `slightly warm' condition and 1.2 which indicate `warm' condition, respectively. Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) indices computed for both pre-school building was above than 20% was considered dissatisfied. The computed Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) indicates that teachers considered the indoor thermal to be `neutral' for both pre-school buildings. These findings show that calculated thermal states are not necessarily correlated to occupant's desired thermal state.


The ultrastructure of neurons and neuroglia in the cerebral and pleuro-pedal ganglia of Haliotis asinina are described. There are four types of neurons (NR1-4) and three types of neuroglia. (NG1-3). The NR1, which is the largest nerve cell, has a round nucleus with a thin rim of heterochromatin attached to the nuclear envelope. The cytoplasm contains numerous rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, but only a few small elementary granules. The nuclei of NR2 , NR3 and NR4 have increasingly condensed heterochromatin. The cytoplasm of these cells contain relatively few organelles such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and elementary granules. The NG1 is spindle-shaped with little perinuclear cytoplasm. The NG2 and NG3 are highly ellipsoid in shape. The cytoplasm of NG1 and NG3 is very thin and contains ribosomes, a few rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The cytoplasm of NG2 is extremely thin and contains only ribosomes. There are no elementary granules in the neuroglia.


Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) and dynamic (spall) strength measurements of pressed aluminum and copper samples with an admixture of the fullerene C60 with 2-5 wt% under shock-wave loading were carried out. The peak pressure in the shock-wave was equal to 6 GPa. The measurements of the elastic-plastic and strength properties were based on the recording and the subsequent analysis of the sample free surface velocity histories, recorded by Velocity Interferometric System for Any Reflection (VISAR). It was found that the admixture of 5 wt% fullerene in aluminum samples led to an increase of the Hugoniot elastic limit for aluminum samples by a factor of ten. The copper samples with the admixture of 2 wt% fullerene also demonstrated an increase of the Hugoniot elastic limit in comparison with commercial copper. The measured values of the Hugoniot elastic limit were equal to 0.82-1.56 GPa for aluminum samples and 1.35-3.46 GPa for copper samples, depending on their porosity. As expected, the spall strength of the samples with fullerene decreased by about three times in comparison with the undoped samples as a result of the influence of the solid fullerene particles which were concentrators of tension stresses in the material under dynamic fracture.


Inflammation is the complex defense response of vascular living tissues to injury factors.Inflammation can change oncogenes and inhibit the expression and transformation of oncogenes(including protein-coding genes and non-coding miRNA genes),thus to promote malignant transformation of cells.Lung cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which severely threatens the health and life of human beings,while inflammatory response is an important factor that leads to the occurrence of lung cancer.The author hereby summarizes the progress of domestic and overseas studies on the promoting effects of inflammatory response during the occurrence of lung cancer.


: With the rapid development of global industrialization and urbanization, more and more countries are emphasizing high quality urbanization development and environmental sustainability; however, few dynamic and static studies have conjointly synthetically analyzed the interaction relationship between regional urbanization and the ecological environment. Further, existing studies have rarely included the area from Kazakhstan to Central Asia in quantitative analyses. This paper uses an entropy variation coefficient method and multi-objective fuzzy membership functions to examine Kazakhstan to provide a comprehensive measure of urbanization and the ecological environment and to build a comprehensive index, based on the improved Tapio decoupling analysis model. The urbanization and ecological environment of the static and dynamic coupling relationship was then analyzed. The results indicate that the Kazakhstan urbanization space differentiation is largely influenced by industrial structures and population migration. The oil exploration area, with industry leading the regional urbanization level, is higher. The ecological environment space differentiation is influenced by both industrial structures and ecological environment protection. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. (1) High values of comprehensive urbanization in Kazakhstan are primarily concentrated in the oil exploitation areas in the west and the industrial areas in middle and northeast Kazakhstan, while low values are primarily concentrated in the southern and part of the northern regions, which are characterized by an agricultural economy. (2) High values of the ecological environment comprehensive level are distributed in Nuer Sultan and Almaty, which are dominated by the service industry and are highly responsive to ecological environment protection, while low values are primarily distributed in the western oil and gas exploitation area with relatively active carbon emissions. (3) The dynamic coupling relationship between urbanization and the ecological environment in Kazakhstan from 2000 to 2015 is primarily in the states of strong decoupling, weak decoupling, strong negative decoupling, declining decoupling, and expansion negative decoupling. Under the influence of industrial structures and the responsiveness of the ecological environment, the dynamic coupling relationship kept changing from 2000 to 2015. Summarizing the coupling mechanism, it is found that the response to ecological environmental protection, urbanization, the total amount of agricultural water, and the international external economic environment are the main driving factors af-fecting the coupling relationship between urbanization and the ecological environment in Kazakhstan. This paper has an important theoretical significance for high quality development and the sustainable development of urbanization in Kazakhstan. In addition, it has important practical significance for China in the context of making tar-geted investments in Belt and Road countries.


As-containing gold ore and Mn-containing silver ore were leached simultaneously in sulfuric acid solution. The process was intensified by ultrasonic wave to resolve FeAsS and MnO2. Experiments showed that under the conditions of ultrasonic wave, As-containing gold ore/Mn-containing silver ore=1:1.3, vitriol consistency of 0.57 mol/L, reaction temperature 95oC, the resolution rate of FeAsS was 84.9%. And increasing the decomposition rate of FeAsS is very important to achieving higher leaching rate of gold.


In an attempt to address the issue of poor crumb texture of sorghum-cassavaamaranth breads, this study focused modification of cassava starch using heatmoisture treatment (HMT) and the use of amaranth malt in breadmaking. Cassava starch was modified by heat-moisture treatment at 80 ᄚ C for 8, 16 or 24 h incubation time, and 18, 24 or 30% moisture levels. The HMT cassava starches were characterized in terms of their physico-chemical properties. The properties determined included; measurements on damaged starch, water solubility index, swelling power, water absorption index, pasting properties and crystallinity. Gluten-free batter and breads were made from heat-moisture treated cassava starch, sorghum flour and amaranth flour in the ratio 50:40:10. The effect of HMT of cassava starch on the rheological properties and texture of cassava-sorghumamaranth batter and bread were then determined respectively. Bread crumb properties were measured using Texture Profile Analysis. To evaluate the effect of malt addition on the rheological properties of batter and crumb texture gluten-free bread, proximate analysis on amaranth flour and malt was done arid amaranth malt added at 1 % and 2.5% on flour weight basis to the HMT cassava starchsorghumamaranth flour mixture. The swelling power and solubility of cassava starch decreased (P ::5 0.05) with increased levels of moisture treatment, while the water absorption index, damaged starch and starch crystallinity increased. Modification of cassava starch increased (p:5 0.05) the pasting temperature. decreased the peak viscosity and increased the time to peak viscosity. Heat-moisture treatment significantly (p :5 0.05) increased the firmness of the gluten-free batter prepared from cassava starch treated at 24% moisture content and 8 h incubation. The force required to extrude batters significantly (p :5 0.05) increased with increasing malt content. The HMT condition that showed the most significant effect on batter rheology (24% moisture content and 8 h incubation) was used to draw conclusions on the effect of starch modification and malting on bread crumb texture. Heat moisture treatment of cassava starch resulted in bread with a significantly (P :5 0.05) softer crumb than native cassava starch bread but had no significant effect on chewiness, springiness. cohesiveness and resilience. Addition of amaranth malt significantly (p :5 0.05) increased crumb hardness, decreased crumb springiness. cohesiveness and resilience and had no significant (p:5 0.05) effect on crumb chewiness. In conclusion. cassava starches treated under different HMT conditions differed significantly in terms of physico-chemical characteristics. Moreover, batters prepared using cassava starches with different HMT conditions had different rheological properties. In addition. heat moisture treatment improved the breadmaking quality of cassava starch in terms of crumb hardness. However, use of malted amaranth flour did not improve the quality of batter and bread prepared from HMT cassava starch, sorghum and amaranth. Obtaining a uniform product by HMT was quite a challenge in this study, due to partial gelatinization of starch. Therefore, it would be recommended that other treatment combinations, including a varied temperature range should be used to obtain bread with improved textural properties.


This research study aims to investigate the determinant of customers' buying intention towards counterfeit product like tablet PCs in PC industry by focusing on the effects of attitude towards the buying intention for counterfeit products. A survey of 200 customers of Tablet PC was conducted in Rex City, a computer market in Faisalabad, a hub in central Punjab, Pakistan. Results revealed that attitude positively and significantly influenced the customers' buying intentions towards counterfeit products i.e. Tablet PC. It illustrates that stronger the customers' attitude towards counterfeit products, stronger the customers' buying intentions for counterfeit products.


The Rijndael cipher or Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is the most widely used block cipher these days. It is composed of a number of rounds of transformations. The transformations in each round are similar except for the last round where a linear mixing operation (called MixColumns) is omitted. Since its acceptance in 1999, the designers of the cipher had advocated, and it was widely believed, that the omission of the last round MixColumns has no security implications, and is left out for optimization reasons. However, in mid 2010, it was claimed that such an omission operation may have security implications as it may reduce the time complexity of the majority of attacks targeted against AES. This paper investigates both claims and evaluates the security of the AES when including and omitting the MixColumns operation in AES. The paper also studies the performance overhead when including the MixColumns operation.


When viewed from a public health perspective, water is typically considered in terms of drinking, bathing and waste disposal but other activities, particularly food production, inshore fisheries and recreation, form important points of hu-man contact. The water sector is diverse, comprising environmental sciences, engineering, the water supply industry, regulatory authorities and government policy-makers. A new level of engage-ment to involve the water sector in public health objectives is therefore dependent upon establishing a basis for dialogue and collaboration between these stakeholders, who bring widely differing conceptual approaches and practical concerns. In support of this aim, we present here a perspective on waterborne pathogens and diseases from a multidisciplinary expert group from the environmental science, microbiology, water industry, regulatory and health protection communities in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Details of the group participants, funding and activities are available from the corresponding author.


This article reports on the Texas DOT's Precious Cargo traffic safety program near schools. It involves closing the gap between school planners and state and local transportation officials, who often did not know when a new school or expansion was being planned. Rapid growth, especially around Dallas, has led to construction of schools along what had been remote, high-speed highways.


S FROM MEDICAL LITERATURECorrigendum Ophthalmology . . . . Oto-Rhino-Laryngology TRACHOMA AMONG NATIVES OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA. By THE REVEREND FRANK FLYNN, M.B., B.S. (Sydney), D.O.M.S. (London), Dip.Anthrop., Darwin, Northern Territory. SPECIALinterestin trachomaand its incidenceamongthe natives of the Northern Territory began during 1942 and 1943, when many casesof varying degreesof severity and development were encounteredamong the natives who .attendedthe 109th Australian General Hospital in Alice Springs. At this time it appearedto be the generally accepted contention that little or no active trachoma existed in Australia. Surveyswere carried out over a number of years, commencingin December,1944, and continuingtill the present year. The early surveyswere undertakenfor the DirectorGeneral of Medical Services of the Australian Military Forces, and detailed reports were sent to Army Headquarters (Walker, 1952). Later surveyswere undertaken for the CommonwealthDepartmentof Health, and tabu: lated reportsand full detailsof findings havebeenprepared in the Departmentof Health, Darwin, and referred to the Director-Generalof Health, Canberra. SURVEYS IN 1944. The main object of the surveysin 1944 was to investigate the true state of affairs in regard to both the incidence and severity of the disease. In the first series of over 500 subjects examined at Hermannsburg,Arryonga, Haast BlUff, Jay's Creek and Arltunga, 90% were infected with the diseasein some stageor other. Many patients presentedthe diseasein a severeform and 7% were blind in one or both eyes as a result of trachoma. I will quote from the summaryappendedto the survey in 1944: The casesexaminedfell into two main groups. The youngerpeopleup to the age of about 30 showedactive trachomain varying degreesof severity manifestedby folllcles, papillary hypertrophy and hypel'lBml& of the tarsal conjunctivaand pannusand epithelial infiltration of the cornea. At this stagethere is littie or no permanent damage to the lids or cornea and no visual impairment. Should a thorough course of treatment arrest the disease at this stage, there would be no serious sequelreto contend with. In the older age-group little evidence of active trachomapersists,though thereis often acutesecondary infection. Present, however, are varying amounts of scarring of the tarsal plates, causing thickening, dlstortion, entropion and trichiasis. These compllcat1ons result in extremely painful eyes. The natives show 270 THE MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA AUGUST 24, 1957 Thygeson, Proctor and Richards (1934) maintain that the retiological agent is a virus of the large particle size and a member of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group. This would place the infective organism tentatively betweenthe rickettsire and the viruses. Lindner (1910) first described possible developmental phasesin the life history of the inclusion bodies. In the early stages the inclusion body is composed of larger particles (0'61' to 1'61') staining dark blue with Giemsa mixture. These are called "initial bodies". They are associatedwith a basophilic matrix. This was called "plastin" materialby Halberstaedter.Later, by someform of fragmentaryprocess,thesegive rise to the smaller particles, called "elementary bodies" (0,251'), which take on a similar stain to that of nuclei with Giemsa mixture-that is, magentared. Clustersof these dust-like granules are often seenin the cytoplasmmassedaroundthe nucleus in one segment,the appearancesuggestingthat of a cloak; hence the name "Chlamydozoon" (Figure I). These observationsaave in general been confirmed by other workers. The maturation process seen in the inclusion bodies of inclusion conjunctivitis adds indirect support.A similar sort of cycle is describedin the inclusion bodies of psittacosisand lymphogranuloma inguinale. Histochemicalmethodshave demonstratedthe presence of glycogen in the matrix in which the virus particles are found (Dark, 1955). admirable fortitude and seem to carryon remarkably well, complainingvery little. In a high percentageof cases,concurrentlywith the cicatrization of the lids, advancing opacification and vascularizationof the corneeeoccur causingprogressive impainnentof vision. A further seriouscomplication is the developmentof corneal ulcers in the degenerating corneafrom the irritation of trichiasis. These,from the lack of efficient treatment,frequently perforate, which is the main causeof total loss of vision in thesecases, the end-resultbeing adherentleucoma,anterior staphyloma, or phthisis bulbi. The five districts examinedin this first survey included the four main varieties of social conditions under which thenativesin the NorthernTerritory are found. Hermannsburg is a long-established,well-organized native mission. Arryongaand HaastBluff are merely ration stations,which had been opened about a year previous to the time of the survey. They are means of making contact with nomadicnatives,and areaimedat checkingtheir too hasty migration to town centres. Jay's Creek is a governmentcontrolled native settlement. Arltunga was a newly-opened mission (only six months before the survey) caring for nativeswho had been moved out of Alice Springs-sothey were really natives who had been employed in the town.


From points of availability of extinguish capacity,the key performance parameters and safety performance,etc,the relevant applied technologies of portable fire monitor.were researched to accelerate and help improving the equipment's applied technologies.


This research aims to determine the social control of deviant behavior troubled students at SMAN 1 Sengah Temila. It is a qualitative descriptive research. The results showed that social control has been going well but not entirely effective. It is seen from the persistence of deviant behavior that occurs as late, to the canteen outside recess, did not join the flag ceremony for no apparent reason, outside the classroom (noisier) when the teacher is not there, and truancy (small portion), not neatly dressed in school and outside of school (clothes often issued if there is no teacher who saw). Factors causing the deviant behavior of students problematic internal factors and external factors. Efforts are being made to tackle school student misbehavior problems in SMAN 1 Sengah Temila that with education, religion, advice, warning, make a statement, calling the parents and the punishment / sanctions (physical).


The work is devoted to highlighting the experience of creating a full-scale integrated (reservoir – well – infrastructure network) model of gas reservoirs of the large oil, gas and condensate field of Yamal, finding optimal solutions to the problem of both development oil rims, gas caps of productive reservoirs and dry gas reservoirs, as well as the gas injection system on the efficiency of the field development process as a whole. The task included creating, history matching and integration of the hydrodynamic models with surface facility system, the elimination of "bottlenecks" in the gas facility network system and the determination of the optimal solution to the problem of hydrocarbon production (oil production from oil rims and gas production from gas caps and dry gas formations).
 Conducted integrated calculations allowed us to consistently identify the risks of the project and allowed them to be minimized at the preparatory stage of the project, which leads to an increase in the value of the project.


Objective:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of simvastatin and simvastatin hydroxy acid in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS.Methods:The plasma sample was extracted by methyl tert-butyl ether.The resulting supernatant liquid after being centrifuged was dried by nitrogen and was analyzed by the UPLC-MS/MS method after it was diluted quantitatively by mobile phase under following chromatographic conditions:BEH C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm),the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.01 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate(72∶ 28),with flow rate of 0.15 mL·min-1,column temperature at 40 ℃,and sample volume of 8 μL.The results of positive ion MRM detection of simvastatin and simvastatin hydroxy acidwere m/z 419→199,and m/z 437→303,respectively,using lovastatin(m/z 405→199)as the internal standard.Results:A good linearity of simvastatin was shown in the range of 0.241-61.76 ng·mL-1(r=0.999,n=5);of simvastatin hydroxy acid,0.344-88.16 ng·mL-1(r=0.997,n=5).Simvastatin's and simvastatin hydroxy acid's intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were less than 15%.The average recoveries were 100.6% and 106.0%,respectively.The plasma matrix had no effect on the quantification of simvastatin and simvastatin hydroxy acid.Conclusions:A rapid,sensitive and accurate UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and it was proved to be effective for the determination of simvastatin and simvastatin hydroxy acid in human plasma.


This waterproofing structure for a connector makes an open end (33) of a terminal-containing compartment (25) that contains a terminal (17) in a first housing (23) face an open end (67) of a terminal-containing compartment (61) that contains a terminal (19) in a second housing (47) and seals the gap between the facing edges of said open ends. A resin ring-shaped member (35) that has an inside surface that is angled outwards towards the second housing (47) is provided on the edge of the open end (33) of the first housing (23), and the edge of the open end (67) of the terminal-containing chamber (61) in the second housing (47) contacts the inside surface of said ring-shaped member.


Rare-earth (RE) element-based materials for optical applications have received increasing attention owing to the emission properties of RE ions, which render these materials suitable for use in color displays, lasers, and solid-state lighting. In the present work, ZrO2:RE (RE 1⁄4 Tm3þ, Tb3þ, and Eu3þ) powders were obtained via complex polymerization, and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UVevisible absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence measurements. The XRD patterns and Raman spectra revealed the tetragonal phase of ZrO2 co-doped with up to 4 mol.% RE3þ and stabilization of the cubic phase, for up to 8 mol.% RE3þ. In addition, the photoluminescence measurements revealed simultaneous emissions in the blue (477 nm), green (496.02 nm and 548.32 nm), and red-orange (597.16 nm and 617.54 nm) regions. These emissions result from the Tm3þ, Tb 3þ, and Eu3þ ions, respectively. Energy transfers, such as G4 levels (Tm3þ) / D4 (Tb3þ) and D4 levels (Tb 3þ) / D0 (Eu3þ), occurred during the emission process. Calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were performed, to complement the experimental data. The results revealed that structural order/disorder effects were generated in the cubic and tetragonal ZrO2 phases in the ZrO2:Eu3þ powders, and changes in the electronic structure were manifested as a decrease in the band gap values. The chromaticity coordinates of all the samples were determined from the PL spectrum. The coordinates, x1⁄4 0.34 and y 1⁄4 0.34, of the ZrO2:8%RE sample corresponded to a point located in the white region of the CIE diagram and color correlated temperature (CCT) was found to be 5181 K. More importantly, the present results indicate that ZrO2:RE powders constitute promising photoluminescent materials for use in new lighting devices. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Background: Even though EBP is being considered as a critical element in improving the quality of health services and achieving excellence in patient care, there is currently little knowledge of how EBP relates to nursing and midwifery in Malawi. This paper is a report of a study describing EBP knowledge, attitudes and use of registered nurses-midwives practicing in central hospitals in Malawi. Methods: The descriptive, cross-sectional research design was conducted with a convenient sample of 183 nurse-midwives (response rate of 86%). The study used a questionnaire to collect data. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics in the Statistical Product and Service Solutions version 23. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize overall knowledge levels, attitudes and use of nurse-midwives as percentages based on their scores from the assessment scale (1 to 7 Likert scale) in the EBP questionnaire. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were carried out to compare evidence-based practice scores based on demographics. Pearson's correlation (r) and stepwise regression analysis were further performed to analyse the relationship between the knowledge, attitude and use of nurse-midwives on the overall EBP of nurse-midwives. Results: The average scores (mean±SD) of evidence-based practice amongst nurse midwives were 78.7±19.6 for attitude, 70.6±15.1 for knowledge levels, 57.8±23.for use, and 68.9±14.2 for the overall EBP. Higher educational qualification was associated with higher scores in knowledge levels (P=0.02). Research experience was associated with higher scores in nursing use (P=0.005), and higher overall evidence based practice were associated with both research experience (P=0.035) and educational qualification (P=0.004). Nurse-midwives attitude was affected by clinical experience (P=0.006) and the hospital where nurse-midwives worked (P=0.016). There was no significant difference in the EBP scores of nurse-midwives based on gender and/or their administrative roles in their respective central hospitals Conclusion: It is important to develop the knowledge/skills of nurse midwives in order to enhance evidence based practice amongst nurse midwives in Malawian hospitals. The results can be used by nurse managers, nurse educators, Ministry of Health policy makers, Nurses and Midwives Council of Malawi and donors to enhance implementation of EBP.


The average eigenvalue distribution $\ensuremath{\rho}(\ensuremath{\lambda})$ of $N\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}N$ real random asymmetric matrices ${J}_{\mathrm{ij}} ({J}_{\mathrm{ji}}\ensuremath{\ne}{J}_{\mathrm{ij}})$ is calculated in the limit of $N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. It is found that $\ensuremath{\rho}(\ensuremath{\lambda})$ is uniform in an ellipse, in the complex plane, whose real and imaginary axes are $1+\ensuremath{\tau}$ and $1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\tau}$, respectively. The parameter $\ensuremath{\tau}$ is given by $\ensuremath{\tau}=N{[{J}_{\mathrm{ij}}{J}_{\mathrm{ji}}]}_{J}$ and $N{[{J}_{\mathrm{ij}}^{2}]}_{J}$ is normalized to 1. In the $\ensuremath{\tau}=1$ limit, Wigner's semicircle law is recovered. The results are extended to complex asymmetric matrices.


The IEEE 802.11 group has been established as the standard in wireless local-area network (WLAN). We propose a new design, which utilizes two different resonators to produce two resonant frequencies. One is the conventional inverted-L monopole for higher operating band, and the other is a half-wavelength open-loop resonator for lower operating band. The resultant bandwidth at the higher operating frequency band is approximately 1 GHz. This bandwidth is broad enough to provide whole IEEE 802.11a operation. Details of the proposed antenna design considerations and experimental results are presented.


Practices for capturing employee creativity present an important opportunity for forest sector firms wishing to increase their innovation efforts. Since employees are the interface with customers and business processes, they are best positioned to have the insights necessary for improvements. Despite this obvious connection, the forest sector literature has only rarely addressed the mechanisms that might be used by forest industry companies to capture and implement employee creativity and ideas for innovation. Accordingly, this exploratory study investigates best practices utilised in four innovative firms. Using a qualitative approach, we find many commonalities among these firms. For example, each company provides autonomy to work teams and is open to employee ideas for improvement. Two of the four companies rely on customers for ideas. Based on these findings, we conclude that competitive advantage in the forest sector of the twenty-first century is also tied to people, in addition to raw materials or equipment.


Introduction. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy tumour and it constitutes more than 20% of all cases of cancer among Polish women. Despite the prevalence of many risk factors for breast cancer and negative statistics on morbidity and mortality of women in Poland, in the recent years a number of actions, which have a positive influence on this situation, have been observed. One of them is the prevention programs, which often save health and lives of women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention programs for breast cancer in the Lublin Macroregion. Material and method. Analysis of the prevention programs reports for breast cancer in 2007, 2008 and 2010 provided by the Regional Centre of Occupational Medicine in Lublin was the research method. Screening tests carried out during the above years covered a total of 3479 women. Results. The mostly studied group of women was ladies between 40-49 years old, who gave birth before the age of 30 years at least once. On average, 53% of the studied women regularly performed breast self-examination. During mammography 64% of women were described as 'in norm', 0.8% of women were diagnosed with suspected cancer, while in the remaining participants of the study there were mild changes found. They have been referred for further diagnosis. Conclusion. There is still a request for continued prevention programs, especially among women aged 40-49 years. A request for education in the health prevention field (in theoretical and practical meaning) has also been observed. The percentage of morbidity and mortality from breast cancer in the Lublin Macroregion has decreased in the recent years.


Abstract:  A reliable method for service life estimation of the structural element is a prerequisite for service life design. A new methodology for durability‐based service life estimation of reinforced concrete flexural elements with respect to chloride‐induced corrosion of reinforcement is proposed. The methodology takes into consideration the fuzzy and random uncertainties associated with the variables involved in service life estimation by using a hybrid method combining the vertex method of fuzzy set theory with Monte Carlo simulation technique. It is also shown how to determine the bounds for characteristic value of failure probability from the resulting fuzzy set for failure probability with minimal computational effort. Using the methodology, the bounds for the characteristic value of failure probability for a reinforced concrete T‐beam bridge girder has been determined. The service life of the structural element is determined by comparing the upper bound of characteristic value of failure probability with the target failure probability. The methodology will be useful for durability‐based service life design and also for making decisions regarding in‐service inspections.


Background: The cold-induced inflammation of cryotherapy may alter the immunologic processes and structural components of the hair follicles responsible for AA. The aim of this study was to study the efficacy of cryotherapy in alopecia areata, and totalis. Method: Forty-four patients with recalcitrant scalp alopecia areata or totalis were treated with cryotherapy. The cryo-system chosen was a closed contact CO 2 system with metallic probes. The patients were evaluated for 4-8 weeks for hair growth. Satisfactory hair growth after 8 weeks was an indication for performing cryotherapy for the remaining untreated areas. Result: Varying degrees of hair growth were detected in 52.50% of the patients four weeks and in 65.90 % eight weeks after treatment. About 38.64% of the patients showed more than 50% hair regrowth 8 weeks after therapy. Conclusion: Cryotherapy is effective for about two-thirds of the patients with alopecia areata, many of whom are unresponsive to conventional therapies.


Anti-accident manoeuvre is important technique method for dispatching operation department to strengthen safe management and accident prevention . According to the practical situation of power network operation design the associated anti-accident manoeuvre scheme and comment on it.


Abstract Abstract 2413 Poster Board II-390 Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause life-threatening infection in immunocomprimised individuals, such as patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation. Thrombocytopenia is one of the manifestations in active HCMV infection, which may be a consequence of viral suppression on megakaryopoiesis. The exact underline mechanisms remain uncertain. Our previous studies suggested that HCMV directly infects megakaryocytic progenitors and inhibits their proliferation. Colony-formation of HCMV-infected CFU-MK decreased in a dose-dependent manner (Blood, 2003, abstract). In present study, we explored the mechanisms further by using a phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulating polyploidization to mimic the late stage of megakaryocytic differentiation and maturation in vitro. After co-culture of a megakaryocytic cell line CHRF-288-11 with HCMV AD169 experimental strain from day 0 to day 3 (multiple of infection, MOI=1), the polyploidization of megakaryocyte was determined by DNA content analysis using flow cytometry. Compared with negative control, the proportion of polyploidy (ploidy N ≥ 8) megakaryocytes decreased by 52%, 32% and 16% in HCMV-infected cell at day 3, day 6 and day 9 respectively. As a specific receptor for megakaryopoietic differentiation, the c-Mpl protein (TPO receptor) was also examined in CHRF-288-11 cell line. The proportion of c-Mpl positive cells showed a 23% decrease in HCMV-infected group in compared to the mock infection control (using ultralviolet treated HCMV) at day 5. In addition, apoptotic signals from megakaryocytic surface, cytoplasma and mitochondria were detected in HCMV-infected cells by flow cytometry with Annexin V, Caspase-3 and JC-1 assay. Compared to mock infection control at day 5, annexin-V positive cells population increased by 57%; active caspase-3 signal increased by 125% in viable cell population; and cell population with damaged mitochondial membrane showed a 5-times increase. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that: (1) HCMV inhibited megakaryocytic differentiation and maturation at late stage; (2) HCMV reduced c-Mpl positive cell population; (3) HCMV induced megakaryocytic apoptosis through intrinsic apoptotic pathway as shown by the functional alteration of mitochodial membrane, activation of caspase-3 and structural damage of outer cellular membrane. HCMV-induced thrombocytopenia is the consequence of multiple processes involving inhibition of megakaryocytic proliferation, differentiation, maturation and also increased megakaryocytic apoptosis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The majority of the Indian farmers continue to use draught animals in agriculture. Bullocks, he-buffalos and camels are the main draught sources for field operations in agriculture. Although total population of bovine has increased, the population of working animals has been reduced from 77.81 to 77.69 million during 1961-62 to 1991-92. The study also revealed that male and female ratio in cattle declined from 1.22 to 1.02 and in buffaloes from 0.39 to 0.29. Matrix of size distribution of draught animals revealed that as per their body weight, 41% draught cattle were small and 44% medium in size. Large and heavy draught cattle comprised of only 15% of the total draught cattle surveyed. Computed on the basis of weight, speed and draught matrix distribution, the weighted average draught power developed by the Indian breeds of animals was 0.24 kW. The analysis further revealed that, on All India basis, DAP use, during 1972-91, declined from 159 to 109 animal-pair-hour per hectare (aph/ha).


SUMMARY A large body of published research now exists on economic, social, technical and policy related aspects of organic production. The dramatic increase in published research over the last 20 years reflects not only the existence of policy support for organic farming in some countries but also the availability of government funding for research on organic farming. This has resulted in a broadening out of organic research from privately funded, specifically organic research organizations, into universities and mainstream research institutes. In parallel, publication of research results from organic farming has increasingly appeared in refereed literature in addition to literature sources more available to farmers and advisors. Research scientists from Europe, North America and Australasia have all made important contributions to the peer-reviewed literature. The literature is dominated by comparisons of organic and other forms of agriculture, although in many cases these comparisons are not fully valid. Research directed specifically at organic systems is often much more valuable in developing improved production systems than comparative research. Research on organic farming embodies both holistic and reductionist research approaches. Trans-disciplinary research also has an important role to play in understanding the complexities of the ecological approach to agriculture typified by organic farming. Working within the principles and standards of organic agriculture will mean that some research will always be specific to organic production systems. However, in future an increased transfer of knowledge from organic to conventional agriculture and vice versa is envisaged.


Linkages are assuming unusual popularity as a platform for technology transfer, knowledge sharing and seeking support by universities from industry.  Thus, the study examined university-industry linkages to determine its resultant implications to students' entrepreneurial orientation in public universities in Rivers States. The population, therefore, consists of 160 academic administrators involve in designing policy frameworks and curriculum reforms that strengthens linkages with industry in their respective universities. Two independent measurement scales having four Likert points contained 13-item each measured the critical contributions of university-industry linkages and its implications to students' entrepreneurial orientation (EO).  The two sets of questionnaire computed with Cronbach Alpha provided 0.87, 0.78 reliability index. Data finally gathered from 150 respondents were analyzed using mean statistics and hypothesis tested with Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and Z-test at 0.05 level of significant showed + 0.376, Zrcal 0.561and Zrcrit value of 0.195. In conclusion, the results however affirmed subsisting relationship which significantly underscores the contributions and consequences of university-industry for developing students' entrepreneurial orientation in public universities. Therefore Governments should strengthen the various linkages policy frameworks to encourage and drive the objectives of entrepreneurship education of producing students with high entrepreneurial contents that can fit well into self-employment and global labour market.


This paper formulates a model embedding the key ideas from Ronald Coase's famous essay on the theory of the firm in a simple competitive equilibrium setting with anarbitrary number of firms. The model studies the structure of production when transaction costs and diminishing returns to management are treated as given. In addition to recovering Coase's main insights as equilibrium conditions, the model yields many new predictions on prices, firm boundaries and division of the value chain.


This work studied the relationship between the freeze tolerance of a baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and the physical properties of the frozen wheat dough. The behavior of wheat dough, of the gluten phase, and of the liquid phase at sub-zero temperatures was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and cryomicroscopy. The effect on yeast viability of dough water content, freezing and storage temperatures, and prefermentation before freezing was studied. Yeast viability was mostly affected by the freezing and storage temperatures, with temperatures below the glass transition temperature (T g ) giving the highest survival ratios. At temperatures above T g , viability after freezing treatment and during storage seemed to be governed by different mechanisms, encompassing osmotic and mobility factors. Those factors were also found to influence the freeze tolerance of growing yeast in the presence of ethanol.


Interexchanging metallosupramolecular double level imine/ligand Dynamic Constitutional Libraries (DCLs), produce, in solution, the amplification of heteroleptic complexes, which convert into homoleptic complexes via constitutional crystallization.


1. Background Chili (Capsicum) is one of the most important horticultural crops in Thailand, and is presently experiencing severe damage caused by pests and diseases despite the use of large amounts of pesticides. Therefore, it is important to develop a new technique for pest and disease control as a component of an environmentally sustainable Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system for chili. Based on these backgrounds, JIRCAS and Department of Agriculture, Thailand (DOA) has been implementing a collaborative research "Development of an environmentally sustainable technique for controlling pests that transmit virus diseases" during April 2014 March 2016. This research aims to select a candidate of companion plant for attracting and harboring indigenous natural enemies in chili pepper field, in order to develop a control technique for pests especially those that can transmit virus disease. This report introduces the highlights of previous studies about biological control of insect pests and diseases of chili in Thailand in order to understand the current situation of the study subject.


In this work, thermal degradation behavior of a fuel-rich energetic mixture containing epoxy binder was studied by thrmogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry under dynamic nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates. Variation of the thermal degradation activation energy of the mixture was evaluated by differential and integral isoconversional methods via AKTS software package. Model fitting methods were used to determine the reaction model and pre-exponential factor of thermal degradation of the energetic mixture. Verification of the thermal degradation reaction model was done by differential master-plot method. The calculated values of lnA and Ea of the energetic mixture, according to Kissinger method, were 23.9 1 s-1 and 155 kJ mol-1, respectively. Self-accelerating decomposition temperature and explosion critical temperature of the energetic mixture were determined to evaluate the thermal stability.


Objectives : To compare the symptomatology of panic attacks in panic patients with and without agora-phobia. Methods : The frequency and severity of panic attacks and the results of factor analysis were compared in patients with the DSM-Ⅳ panic disorder with agoraphobia(PDA=40) and without agoraphobia(PD=24). Results : PDA endorsed 'numbness or tingling sensations' significantly more frequently and had significantly higher 'palpitations', 'derealization/depersonalization', and 'numbness or tingling sensations' in severity than PD. Among physiological symptoms, respiratory symptoms and psychological symptoms on factor analysis, the severity of only physiological symptoms in PDA was significantly higher than PD. PDA had significantly higher seventy of both somatic and cognitive symptoms of panic described in DSM-Ⅳ than PD. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the frequency and severity of some physiological symptoms of panic attacks may contribute the development of agoraphobia in panic patients.


Dietary behaviours are substantially influenced by environmental stimuli, such as mood, and social
situation. Laboratory studies suggests differences in people's response to eating cues based on BMI.
Here we explore BMI differences in cue responsiveness with everyday snacking behaviour. In two
combined ecological momentary assessment studies, 122 participants with BMIs ranging from 18.34
to 45.71 kg/m2 logged their everyday snacking behaviour in real-time over two weeks along with the
presence or absence of social cues. GPS data was also recorded. Random-effects modelling showed
that people with higher BMI were more likely to consume high-energy snacks when alone, and were
more likely to consume low-energy snacks in the presence of others eating. This suggests BMI
differences in cue responsiveness that are in line with impression management theory and underlines
the importance of social cues for snacking behaviour and provides avenues for intervention
development.


Performance of a 27-percent scale model of an advanced rotor designed for the AH-64 helicopter was measured in hover and at forward speeds of 50 to 130 knots. A baseline rotor, modeled after the current AH-64 rotor, was also tested to provide data for comparison. The investigation was conducted to validate procedures used at Langley to design rotors with increased performance potential and to provide a database for evaluation of current and future rotor systems. Both rotors were operated at full-scale tip speeds. Rotor thrust, forward speed, and ground height were varied for each rotor.


Objective To analysis the features of normal and abnormal ossicular chain in three dimensional images and assess the best parameters and its usefulness in diagnosis and teratment of chronic otitis media(COM).Methods All patients,including 43 patients with normal ears and 24 ears with COM,were examined using spiral CT with inner ear software,1-mm slice width and 1 pitch.SSD method was used in three dimensional reconstruction and the threhold was 100~300Hu.Results In normal cases,Malleus ,incus,stapes crura,incudomalleolar joints and incudostapedial joints were displayed well,but stapes footplate unsatisfactorily.The disruption of the ossicular chain showed in three-dimensional images in cases of chronic otitis media was in accord with that seen in the operation.Conclusion It is very important for imaging with high quality through selecting proper parameters,and three-dimensional image can provide valuable information for surgery.


Physical working environment is assumed as an ideal environment as a worker conducts the activity effectively and efficiently with good quality productivity assessment. Noise, temprature, and lighting factors of the working environment represent a consequence of the working pressure and working performance degradation. The result of the calculation of physically work environment of product division PT. Reksa Prima Daya, the average of noise level is 85 dB, temprature 320 degree celcius, and lighting 150 lux. The highest points of noise level is 85 dB for eight working hours each day, the lowest turning points of temprature is 18 0C in a room and the highest is30 0C, and the minimum level of lighting for machine and arrangement is 300 lux. The control and the management of noise, temprature, and lighting factors required to advande the operator working performance.
The aim of this research is to determie the noise level (60 dB, 75dB, 85dB) temprature level (24 celcius, 27 celsius, 32 celcius), and lighting level (150lux, 200lux, 300lux) of production division PT. Prima Reksa Daya sustaining the operator working performance and analyzing the selected level of it. This researh applies the method of factorial experiment design to determine the significant influential factors of work performace and to determine the optimal level of the supporting factors of work performance. This research is conducted in climate laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret University.
The result of this research indicating that noise, temprature, and lighting factors provide significant impact in supporting the operator working performance and the optimal condition are on the level 60dB of noise (level 1), 24 celsius of temprature (level 1), and 300lux of lighting (level 3) for the duration of work performance 66.72 seconds. The optimal condition can improve the work performance 17.8 seconds (15%) for the actual condition of the company by 84.4 seconds to compile a working table.


Multimedia CD-ROMs carry enormous quantities of textual, video and graphical information, connected by numbers of hypertext links. With no clear, linear narrative, this mass of information can be baffling for novice users. Using case study methodology, this paper examines how pairs of first time student users navigated through a multimedia geography disc together. The students and their on-screen actions were videotaped and their discussions analysed to reveal three initial categories of talk, entitled route, function and content. These categories describe the students' overall comprehension of the content design, the functionality of the individual screen, and its relevance to the set task. In conclusion, recommendations are made for teachers wishing to introduce similar materials to their classrooms.


Congenital short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare congen.it.al disease, Only about 37 cases were reported. Infants usually present with failure to 'thrive, recurrent vomiting and or diarrhoea. It is associated with significant mortality and morbidity, High degree of suspicion is necessary to diagnose this condition promptly. Early initiation of parenteral nutrition or surgery may result in a favorable outcome. We treated a case of infant aged eight-weeks presented with recurrent bilious vomiting and failure to thrive. On Laparotomy it was found that the baby had very short small bowel with malrotation. This case was reported and reviewed.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2014) Vol. 18 (1) : 35-37


The need for higher processing capabilities while continuously optimizing on power consumption is imperative in most of the electronic appliances that we use today. This is fed by the requirement to run compute intensive applications such as video editing, image processing, image recognition, gaming engines and so on. It is well understood that multi-processing is a more efficient mechanism to achieve this instead of pushing the boundaries of single core processor. In addition, there is a need to move towards virtualization of the SoC"s, which increases the processing power efficiency, by enabling the ease of feature integration with minimum effort. However with multi-processor intensive SoC"s, there is a requirement to maintain coherency across the system (including peripherals and the main memory). It is critical to have multiple applications working together either simultaneously or in synchronism and the new AMBA 4 Coherency Extensions (ACE) helps in this scenario. ACE provides hardware-level cache coherency and is primarily aimed at multi-processor ARM Cortex-A15 designs for mobile devices. Now, verifying and validating a coherent system can pose significantly complex problems for the verification engineer. This is where a robust verification methodology can come to the rescue. A powerful Verification Methodology empowers the verification engineer to help leverage the constrained random capabilities in the language to create configurable stimulus to help verify a wide range of functionalities. UVM-1.1 which was released recently provides a very flexible mechanism of achieving this. Thus, by using the case study of the Synopsys® Verification IP (VIP) for AMBA AXI, we will demonstrate how a set of sequences and a sequence library along with other UVM base class functionalities can be leveraged to meet the various challenges in the system-level validation of such cache coherent systems.


Gas-phase pyrolysis of the appropriate N-allyl or N-benzyl compound leads to the aminyl radicals 1(X = NH, Y = CH2, CO, S, or O). Equilibration of these via the spirodienyl 2 gives mixtures of isomeric acridans or acridones as major products from radicals 1(X = NH, Y = CH2 and Y = CO, respectively) and isomeric phenothiazines as minor products from radical 1(X = NH, Y = S). The major product in this case is the aminodibenzofuran 29 which may be formed by H-abstraction by the aminyl to give an aryl radical, followed by cyclisation (Scheme 6). The only cyclised product from radical 1(X = NH, Y = O) is the carbazole 35, formed by a mechanism similar to that of Scheme 6, but in which H-abstraction by the rearranged phenoxyl radical has taken place.


The nesting form of the mound nest of species Odontotermes wallonensis(E. Wasmann) and Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) was studied in hilly and tropical deciduous forest area of Kakoijana Reserved Forest of Abhayapuri (Bongaigaon district). It was compared to the plain village forest area of Baksa district (Bajegaon Pather). The morphometric measurement such as height, circumference, depth of the mound nest and the royal chamber from the surface of the ground was recorded along with weight of fungus garden and queen and their sections were photographed. The outcomes revealed that the location of the nest influences the structure and characteristics of the nest. The young and established mound nests of species O. obesus and O. wallonensis in hilly and plain area had different shape, sizes and colour. The shade of the fungus garden was buff i.e., yellowish brown in young nest whereas it was blackish brown in established nests. The queen termite and the royal chamber unable to be excavated were in hilly area as compared to the plain area. In some of the mound nests, no traces of the queen termites and rest of the castes were observed; and the mound was dead i.e., abandoned after the death of queen termite.


Objective To observe the efficacy of application of Fielder guidewire in retrograde recanalization of chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary arteries. Methods Twenty five patients with CTO and good collateral circulation were included. Collateral vessels were chosen according to arteriongraphy. The Fielder guidewire reached the target lesion through the collateral vessels under the assistance of the 1.5mm OTW balloon and 1.25mm Monorail balloon. Results The recanalization rate of Fielder guidewire was 96% with a success rate of 88% in the PCI procedures. No atrioventricular block,cardiac tamponade or death happened and satisfying angiographic results were obtained after PCI. Conclusion Fielder guidewire is safe and effective applying in retrograde recanalization of CTO arteries.


Enabling and ruling coordination activities in mobile computing scenarios challenge traditional approaches to distributed application development and software engineering. This chapter focuses on D istributed Motion Coordination, i.e., the problems of coordinating the movements of a group of "agents" (e.g., mobile devices, users carrying on those devices, mobile robots and sensors) and focuses on the idea of field-based approaches to model and engineer such coordinated behaviors. The key idea in field-based approaches is to have the agents' movements driven by computational force fields, generated by the agents themselves and/or by some infrastructure and propagated across the environment. A globally coordinated and self-organized behavior in agents' movements emerges due to the interrelated effects of agents following the fields' shape and of dynamic fields re-shaping. This chapter shows that field-based approaches enable the definition of adaptive and effective coordination schemes, which can be modeled and tested by making use of a dynamical systems formalism, and which can be easily implemented above existing middleware infrastructures. Several applications examples expressing a variety of motion coordination patterns are presented, and both modeled in dynamical systems terms and tested in a simulated implementation. In addition, the programming model to code fields is presented in the context of a reference middleware implementation.


This article presents a list of what the author believes to be the ten most successful technology developments in transportation in the last twenty years. The criteria used by the author in selecting the technologies involves a project having had the greatest impact on the jurisdiction in which it was installed, and which, if duplicated by another jurisdiction, has the prospect of repeating its success. The technologies include: adaptive signal control, automated enforcement, electronic payment systems, freeway ramp metering, in-vehicle navigation systems, probe technology, service patrols, transit information systems, light emitting diode (LED) displays for field equipment, and low-visibility warning systems. For each technology listed there is an overview describing its operation. Included in the article is a second list of development with unmet potential, i.e., those technologies recognized for needing additional work before their full adoption by the transportation community.


We show that the spectral broadening process inherent to supercontinuum generation may be described as a thermalization process, which results from the natural irreversible evolution of the optical field towards a thermodynamic equilibrium state.


Copper(II) halides form complexes of the type CuX2L2(L is 2,3-diphenyl- and 2-methyl-quinoxaline) and CuX2L (L is 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline) with substituted quinoxaline. The 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline complexes appear to be monomeric whereas the others are polymeric. The 2-methylquinoxaline complexes have halide bridges and the 2,3-dimethyquinoxaline complexes are square-planar with organic ligand bridges. These structures are deduced from reflectance and far-infrared spectra and an examination of molecular models. Some copper(II) nitrate complexes of these ligands are described.


The invention relates to a cutting process of a rail clip. The cutting process comprises a rail clip rolling production process, a rail clip saw cutting production process, a rail clip waist centre hole stamping production process and antiseptic treatment of the rail clip. According to the invention, the saw cutting manner is adopted to the rail clip in a segmental manner, the centre of the rail clip waist is subjected to the stamping manner, cutting and stamping are matched, and the cutting process has the advantages of good evenness of a cutting surface, free deformation and free reprocessing. The steel material, the procedure, the time and the labor are saved, the cost is low and the yield reaches 100%, and the cutting process is very beneficial for popularizing and applying.


Last Saturday, a plaque was unveiled at Harrogate Rugby Club in memory of keen HRUFC supporter and well-known Rotarian, Tony Hill. On Saturday 22 ...


The ultra-low latency service provides very short network delays and can implement Internet services at the level of tactile interaction. However, in order to provide ultra-low latency end-to-end services over a long distance, the network infrastructure needs to support DetNet services. Therefore, this paper provides a reliable ultra-low latency network with limited latency and low jitter such as a DetNet network to provide such an ultra-low latency service, thereby providing a stable connection and improved network resource efficiency. In addition, this paper aims to provide an active DetNet network control and management system that can quickly adjust network resources according to predicted conditions and events to support ultra-low latency services.


Based on TSMC 0.25μm CMOS process, a Rail-to-Rail operational amplifier with a constant gm input stage will get a low-power and high gain. The whole circuit is simulated with BSIM3V3 Spice model in Hspice. With a single power supply of 1.8V in simulation, it is demonstrates that the Rail-to-Rail operational amplifier has a open loop gain of 108.6 dB, phase margin of 57.2 degree and unit gain bandwidth of 5MHz, while the static power dissipation is 0.23mW.


(This paper discuss the comprehensive understanding of the operational framework of the CIO and translate organizational and technology strategy into action) Keywords— CIO Leadership, Big Data and outsourcing; social, legal, and ethical issues; communications and selling


Liao River area is the place with "culture of 10,000 years",the cradle of Shang ancestry,the battlefield of the conflicts among the four major nationalities of in North-east,as well the main field of Donghu and Shuibai nationalities.


A malignant neoplasm localized to the lung is reported in a rather unusual host: a 40‐year‐old female, nonsmoker, of South‐East Asiatic origin. The histology was of nasopharyngeal‐like carcinoma character and ultrastructural examination confirmed a diagnosis of nonkeratinizing, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The clinicopathologic findings were more suggestive of a primary pulmonary origin than the manifestation of an occult nasopharyngeal primary. The immunological profile was highly suggestive of an Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) associated epithelial neoplasia. This case might widen the spectrum of EBV‐associated neoplasia, by inclusion of lower respiratory tract as a target organ.


ABSTRACT The climate crisis that we currently face requires that all industries look inward to examine how they can become more sustainable. Within the arts and live entertainment industry, there is a growing movement towards sustainability that mainly explores the material resources used in set, props and costume. This article identifies a need to examine sustainable practices that apply to the more technical disciplines of theatre, such as lighting design. The focus of this research is to investigate how stage lighting can increase sustainable practice and how technical design can move away from the idea of sustainability as a limitation, instead using sustainability as a source of inspiration by employing an eco-creative approach. This article combines the reflections of a group of lighting professionals working in Melbourne/Naarm with examples from practice-led research to identify opportunities and obstacles for pursuing sustainability. This research offers access points to begin examining how lighting and technical design can be audited for sustainability, and areas of focus that can increase eco-creativity. The ultimate aim of this article is to suggest approaches to performance lighting that benefit live production while also caring for the environment.


We investigate biased and nonbiased aging continuous time random walks (ACTRW), using fractal renewal theory. For example, a biased ACTRW process describes a Montroll–Weiss CTRW process which starts at time −ta and then at time t=0 a bias is added to the random walk (i.e., an external field is switched on). Statistical behaviors of the displacement of the random walker r=r(t)−r(0) in the time interval (0,t) are obtained, after aging the random walk in the time interval (−ta,0). In ACTRW formalism, the Green function P(r,ta,t) depends on the age of the random walk ta and the forward time t. We derive a generalized Montroll–Weiss equation, which yields an exact expression for the Fourier double Laplace transform of the ACTRW Green function. Asymptotic long times ta and t behaviors of the Green function are shown to be related to the arc–sine distribution and Levy stable laws. In the limit of t≫ta, we recover the standard nonequilibrium CTRW behaviors, while the important regimes t≪ta and t≃ta exhibit intere...


Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of operative laparoscopy for acute pelvic inflammation disease.Methods Clinical data of 68 patients with acute pelvic inflammation disease undergoing operative laparoscopy were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 94 patients with acute pelvic inflammation disease receiving antibiotic treatments in the same period.Results Time of body temperature recovery was(16.2±9.9)h vs(41.2±17.3)h,P=0.012;time of abdominal pain relief was(4.2±1.7)d vs(8.5±2.4)d,P=0.005;and average stay was(6.2±1.2)d vs(14.2±4.3)d,P=0.001,respectively in patients undergoing laparoscopy and antibiotic treatment.Yet the cost had no significant difference between two groups,being(3()925.0±247.2)Yuan vs(3()943.3±209.6)Yuan,P=0.893.Conclusion Laparoscopic operation in patients with acute pelvic inflammation disease is safety and effective,superior to the traditional expectant treatment,without increasing the cost of therapy.


Because the traditional symbolic model checking for counterexample generation algorithm to generate counter-examples of a large amount of unrelated variables, making the counter-example is very difficult to understand. An improved counter-example generation algorithm, the state of the anti-expansion case, a state set calculated using zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams(ZBDD)is used to store the state set. Then delete the system independent variables, retain the relevant variables. Experiments show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the number of state variables and reduce the storage space required by counterexample.


The advent of antibiotics in the 19th century has significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. However, irrational use of antibiotics in humans as well as in animals has driven the 21st century to the rapid emergence of MultiDrug Resistance Bacteria (MRB). Moreover, the dissemination of COVID-19 pandemic has paved the way for MRB, typically due to increased use of antibiotics to avoid secondary infections.
The fast pace progression of bacterial resistance for the antibiotics and their combinations is making the management of MRB infections tough and increasing the cost of the treatment as well. However, use of Efflux Pump Inhibitors (EPI) as adjuvant for antibiotics has shown a ray of hope by retaining the susceptibility of the antibiotics and thereby reducing the burden of immediate requirement of new antibiotics for MRB. Accordingly, the present paper is aimed to scrutinize the predominant literature depicting the plant Phyto-constituents as an EPI and adjuvant for antibiotics in the management of MRB infections.
The systematic review of the present paper indicates that the plant phyto-constituents belonging to the class of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids can effectively be used as EPIs for antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Tetracyclines and Chloramphenicol. Bibliometric analysis indicates that the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy and BMC Complementary & Alternative Medicine have published impactful articles on EPI potential of plant phyto-constituents. Further, authors Kuete V, Dzotam JK, Falcao-silva VD, Gibbons S, Kuiate JR, Mbaveng AT, Tankeo SB and  Voukeng IK are the major contributors and productive authors.


Following the adoption of the Greek Accounting Standards, this research aims to examine the financial assessment and viability of enterprises through the use of information technologies. The theoretical foundation stresses the relevance of following accounting standards and gives an outline of the role that information systems play in financial evaluation. To obtain pertinent data, the research process uses case studies of two organizations of public sector. One of them is called E.Y.A.TH., which is a company providing water supply and sewerage services to more than 1.2 million citizens in the greater Thessa-loniki Urban Area every day. The second company is parts of public admi-nistation called in Greece D.E.Y.A, that are Municipal Water Supply and Se-werage Companies. The findings show that the adoption of Greek Accounting Standards has improved financial viability and evaluation, with information systems being a key factor. The findings are summarized in the conclusion, which highlights the value of information systems in improving financial review procedures. The article is organized as follows: Τhe abstract provides a concise summary of the paper, highlighting its main objectives, findings, and implications. The next section called introduction refers to the topic of financial evaluation and viability in the public sector and the role of information systems in facilitating this process, emphasizing on the importance of the public sector in driving economic development and the need for effective financial evaluation and viability assessment in public sector organizations. Moreover, the significance of financial evaluation and viability analysis in the public sector is mentioned, highlighting the key factors that contribute to the success and sustainability of public sector organizations. Finally, there is a section


It is important to propose the correct decision for culling and replenishing seedlings in factory seedling nurseries to improve the quality of seedlings and save resources. To solve the problems of inefficiency and subjectivity of the existing traditional manual culling and replenishment of seeds, this paper proposes an automatic method to discriminate the early growth condition of seedlings. Taking watermelon plug seedlings as an example, Azure Kinect was used to collect data of its top view three times a day, at 9:00, 14:00, and 19:00. The data were collected from the time of germination to the time of main leaf growth, and the seedlings were manually determined to be strong or weak on the last day of collection. Pre-processing, image segmentation, and point cloud processing methods were performed on the collected data to obtain the plant height and leaf area of each seedling. The plant height and leaf area on the sixth day were predicted using an LSTM recurrent neural network for the first three days. The R squared for plant height and leaf area prediction were 0.932 and 0.901, respectively. The dichotomous classification of normal and abnormal seedlings was performed using six machine learning classification methods, such as random forest, SVM, and XGBoost, for day six data. The experimental results proved that random forest had the highest classification accuracy of 84%. Finally, the appropriate culling and replenishment decisions are given based on the classification results. This method can provide some technical support and a theoretical basis for factory seedling nurseries and transplanting robots.


To resist anti-ship missiles, antimissile defense systems on warships are being strengthened. Especially the interception system made up by dense antimissile artillery is an effective defense measure in short range. The invariable flight mode over the sea at ultra-low altitude is difficult to penetrate warships' defense. To avoid the interception and enhance its penetration ability, anti-ship missiles need some kind of maneuverability for its terminal trajectory. Therefore the paper brings forward some design methods for three terminal maneuvering trajectory, viz. up-risen, snake- wriggling and spiral maneuver. Applying the overload control scheme to design the missile's control system instead of traditional attitude-angle control scheme and reckoning the overload instruction formulae. The trajectory simulation is conducted for certain kind of super-sonic anti-ship missile. Simulation results prove that the scheme is feasible and has perfect application value.


The acid-catalyzed fusion of methyl 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate, 4-cyano-1,2,3-triazole, and 4-nitro-1,2,3-triazole with an acylated ribofuranose provided the corresponding 2-β-D-ribo-furanosyl-4-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles along with the isomeric 1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-4-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles. The structures of these nucleosides were assigned on the basis of their nmr spectra. The synthesis of 2-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide from both the corresponding methyl ester and cyano nucleosides is described. The cyano nucleosides were utilized to prepare 2-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole-4-thiocarboxaḿide and 1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole-4-thiocarboxamide. Reduction of the 4-nitro-1,2,3-triazole nucleosides provided 4-amino-2-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole and the isomeric 4-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole. The acid-catalyzed fusion procedure with 1,2,3-triazole afforded 1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole and 2-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole.


While Primarily Concerned with Developments in the 1950s, this analysis begins by reexamining the historiography of IQ and intelligence testing in the first half of the 20th century, indicating tha ...


Lactate production from glucose even in the presence of oxygen is a characteristic of cancer cell metabolism and an important feature for tumor progression. Here, we describe that an increased uptake of lactate into mitochondria of HT‐29 human colon cancer cells by treatment of cells with the flavonoid flavone is associated with an increased production of mitochondrial superoxide anions and apoptotic cell death. In search of the mitochondrial transporter that could promote enhanced lactate uptake and energetic flow through the electron transport chain, we used fluorescein as a model substrate. Flavone increased fluorescein uptake at pH 7.4 into mitochondria of HT‐29 cells almost tenfold while lactate inhibited uptake significantly. Uptake of fluorescein in the absence or presence of flavone was strongly increased by lowering pH from 7.4 to 6.0 and almost abolished by the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). The lactate‐sensitive part of fluorescein transport was completely blocked by p‐chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid (pCMBS), a specific inhibitor of the monocarboxylate transporter‐1 (MCT‐1) that by Western blotting and immunofluorescence was identified in mitochondria of HT‐29 cells. Finally, lactate increased and pCMBS inhibited the flavone‐induced generation of mitochondrial O  2−. radicals and in turn blunted the apoptotic response. In conclusion, our studies provide evidence that flavone reverts the metabolic phenotype of transformed colonocytes towards a phenotype characteristic for normal cells. Transformed colonocytes, however, seem especially vulnerable to O  2−. , produced in mitochondria as a consequence of these metabolic alterations, and respond with the induction of apoptosis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


For more than 30 years, the Lucian Award for Research in Circulatory Disease has recognized the contribution of an investigator or team whose work has had a significant impact on our understanding of cardiovascular disease. Designed to promote innovative research and a collaborative spirit, the 35th Lucian Award was awarded last summer at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec.

### The Lucian Award

Created in 1965 by a $2 million bequest of Olga Leibovici in honor of her two brothers, Louis and Artur Lucian, the Lucian Award is a $60,000 CDN prize that was first awarded in 1978. The terms of the bequest state that McGill University or its representative will use part of the income from the original $2 million endowment to create the Louis and Artur Lucian Award. "Very specifically, it should be given to the best work recently published related to diseases of the cardiovascular system," explains Jacques Genest MD, FRCP(C), Professor, Faculty of Medicine at McGill University, and Scientific Director, Center for Innovative Medicine at the Research Institute at the McGill University Health Center, and current Chair of the Lucian Selection committee. "As such, this award has had a huge influence over the course of the last nearly 40 years."

Each year the Lucian Award jury, which is composed of a mix of past Lucien Award recipients and former graduates or current faculty of McGill University, meets to review the approximately 20 to 30 applications received each year. "It was a very tough choice this year. We had truly outstanding applicants," says Dr Genest.

This year's winner is Shaun Coughlin, MD, PhD, of the University of California, San Francisco Cardiovascular Research Institute, whose laboratory studies signaling mechanisms involved in cardiovascular biology and disease. Dr Coughlin was awarded the prize for his work on how proteases regulate cellular behaviors and the importance …


Energy and environmental issues are among the greatest challenges facing the world. In response to energy needs and environmental concerns, renewable energy technologies are now considered the future technologies of choice. Renewable energy is produced from freely available and non-polluting natural sources; however, its utilization is not without challenge. There is much interest in Great Britain (GB) among generation developers in the construction of new large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms, especially in Scotland. Here, a range of dynamic stability analysis techniques is evaluated with regard to disturbances in the transmission system using reduced models of the GB transmission system. The impact of embedded high voltage DC links in parallel with the existing AC system and in combination with a number of installations of series compensation, with regard to active power flow, voltage and reactive power flow is investigated. Both an initial steady state analysis and subsequently the dynamic and transient analysis of the proposed solutions were applied as a first step towards integration of wind farms into the power grid. The most important point is to ensure the stability of the GB system when a credible contingency occurs.


Corruption is a global threat to state efficiency which is common to both developed and developing countries alike. However corruption is more evident in developing countries such as; Sudan and its ravaging effects are particularly apparent in Sudan. However, the media contributes largely to the success of democracy in today's world. They carry a large database of information, along with their content and analyses, which could be a useful source for law makers to legislate laws and policies and for voters to choose their governments. As such, this paper set out to address the issue of corruption in Sudan within the context of Sudanese press by focusing on how media ownership and access to information influence the Sudanese press frames the coverage of issues of corruption in Sudan. This study therefore proposes a content analysis of Sudanese newspaper on their coverage of the issues of corruption. As with every other research, the limitation of this study is that, it is a conceptual paper, hence no empirical findings have been reported.  Therefore, an empirical study into this issue will help researchers to explore how far the press or media in Sudan are capable of addressing anti-corruption issues in the country.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Sn and Mo contents on electrochemical behavior and phase analysis of Ti12Mo23Sn (wt.%) and Ti23Mo12Sn (wt.%) alloys for biomedical applications. The samples were manufactured by blended combining the elemental method from a sequence of uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing with subsequent densification by sintering at 1000°C, in protective gas atmosphere. The corrosion resistance of the studied alloys in Ringer's solution were determined. The structural properties were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM + EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray phase analysis shows two phases: β-Ti and Ti3Sn for both samples. The proposed quantitative composition of the tested samples was confirmed in the chemical analysis. The results of the electrochemical analysis reveal that the open circuit potentials recorded for the Ti12Mo23Sn and Ti23Mo12Sn samples were quite similar. Moreover, obtained results indicate that the titanium alloy composed of 23 wt.% of Mo and 13 wt.% of Sn exhibited slightly better corrosion resistance than the Ti12Mo23Sn sample with lower concentration of Mo (12 wt%) in the Ringer`s solution.


When designing an interior space, a designer designs on the basis ofhis/her design concept. For representing design concept appropriately in interior space,it is important to make clear the relation between the user's impression and interior elements in interior space design. This paper aims to clarify the relation. At first, sample photographs are classified with KJ method. Next, it is questioned with semantic differential rnethod for some impressions on the sample photographs ofthe classified groups. Next, compound effects between interior elements are analyzed with rough set theory. As a result, it is shown that the impressions ofJapanese style and Western style are influenced by interior elements(e.g., tatami, shoay'i, stone fioor) that compose the interior space. Interior elements which have been used for a long time in Japan influence strongly to the impression ofJapanese style. It is same tendency in the case of Western style. And it is found that hese interior elements have more infiuence when combined. Kbywortts: interiony impression, Semantic da7I?rential method Evatuation grid method Rough set theory 1.Introduction Adesigner plans an interior space on the basis ofhis or her design concept fbr that space. In other words, the design decides the form, material, color and layout ofthe elernents that compose the interior space. When looking at the result, the user forms a visualimpression. Ifthe user's impression fits the desigri concept, it is concluded that the designer's image is well represented. Because it is assumed that the interior impression is produced by interior elements, it is important o understand the relation between the user impression and the interior elements in interior space design. This paper investigates the structural patterns ofthe relation between impression and interior elements and clarifies the influence ofinterior elements on the user impression. The fbcus ofthis study is the interior space ofrestaurants ofJapanese style and Western style. It is assumed that it is easy to interpret he interior style of a restaurant cornpared with the interior style of other interior spaces. According to Isozaki, 'many Japanese people think the concept of Western style is opposite to that of Japanese style' [1]. It is assumed that the relation between interior elements and user impression is derived easily compared to other interior spaces. This study is conducted with photographs ofinterior spaces of restaurants. In reality, howeyer, it is diencult to study many real restaurants. 2. Extraction and selection ofsample photographs for this inyestigation 2.1 The process ofextraction and selection The process begins with selecting representatiye restaurants for a questionnaire. 1) Photographs are extracted at random in architectural magazines and information magazines for restaurants [2-7], fo11owing three rules. The first one is that the photographs are taken at about the sarne angle to show the interior space. The second is that the interior elements are well balanced in each photograph, The third is that there is not much or no tableware visibie on the tables, in order to reduce the influence of the tableware. The extracted number ofphotographs was 1 14 (Figure 1 ). THE SCIENCE OFDESIGN BULLETINOFJ$$D Vd.56 No.4 2co949


This paper analyzes the characteristics and functions of project-based learning ,sums up the role location error in the implementation of the PBL. Finally,in the PBL,capacity-building is the origin,the student is the main role and the teacher is the diversified role but not the main role.


Increasingly massive volumes of vehicle trajectory data hold the potential to enable higher-resolution traffic services than hitherto possible. We use trajectory data to create a high-resolution, uncertain road-network graph, where edges are associated with travel-time distributions. In this setting, we study probabilistic budget routing that aims to find the path with the highest probability of arriving at a destination within a given time budget. A key challenge is to compute accurately and efficiently the travel-time distribution of a path from the travel-time distributions of the edges in the path. Existing solutions that rely on convolution assume independence among the distributions to be convolved, but as distributions are often dependent, the result distributions exhibit poor accuracy. We propose a hybrid approach that combines convolution with estimation based on machine learning to account for dependencies among distributions in order to improve accuracy. Since the hybrid approach cannot rely on the independence assumption that enables effective pruning during routing, naive use of the hybrid approach is costly. To address the resulting efficiency challenge, we propose an anytime routing algorithm that is able to return a "good enough" path at any time and that eventually computes a high-quality path. Empirical studies involving a substantial real-world trajectory set offer insight into the design properties of the proposed solution, indicating that it is practical in real-world settings.


In this paper we describe a general method for the numerical solution of the full hypernetted‐chain (HNC) theory for fluids characterized by angle‐dependent pair potentials. This method is also applicable to the closely related reference hypernetted‐chain (RHNC) approximation. The only formal restriction is that the pair potential and correlation functions must be expandable in a basis set of rotational invariants. We present explicit numerical solutions of the RHNC theory for dense dipolar hard sphere fluids and detailed comparisons are made with previous theories and computer simulation results. It is found that the full RHNC theory generally improves upon the previous reference linearized and quadratic HNC approximations. The values given by the RHNC theory for the static dielectric constants are smaller than those given by these earlier approximations and are in much better agreement with computer simulations.


The implementation of rst-class continuations in a Scheme system that interfaces to a stack-based language such as C is diÆcult when Scheme and C frames can be interleaved (i.e. Scheme and C can nest calls to each other arbitrarily). Such a situation occurs when using a combination of callbacks, higher-order functions, exception processing, and a Scheme level thread system built on top of rst-class continuations. We show that in this context the use of C threads to implement rst-class continuations allows unrestricted interoperability with C.


A doppler processing technique for smoothing the GPS code-phase measurements is presented. It is shown that this technique can enhance the resolution of C/A pseudo-range measurements to better than 1 centimeter. Data is presented to show that it is possible to obtain position fixes with an runs scatter of a few centimeters from the C/A code. Although the presented technique is applicable to both static and dynamic situations, it is particularly attractive in dynamic applications, where position averaging cannot be performed. This is shown to be a key factor in obtaining sub-meter differential accuracy in low dynamic applications. The interchannel biases in multichannel receivers are also discussed. It is shown how the advantages of multichannel design can be retained without suffering from this effect. The above techniques are implemented in the TRIMBLE 4000A LOCATORs and results are presented in this paper.