Objective To understand the density of the vector organism in Miyun county,provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of the vectors organism. Methods The night trapping and cockroach paste were conducted to monitor the density of rats and cockroaches,the CO2 light trapping and cage trapping were conducted to monitor the density of mosquitoes and flies respectively. Results The density of rats was 0. 25%. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species. The density of cockroaches was 0. 029( / night·pages). Blattella germanica was the dominant species. Flies density index was 2. 18 / cage. The dominant species was Flesh fly. The average density index of mosquitoes was 1. 07 /( light·hour). Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species. Conclusion The density indexes of four vector organism were in low level,the dominant species were not changed. Basing on characteristics of vector organisms' breeding,perched habits and seasonal swing in growth,the strategy of comprehensive prevention including environmental management accompanied by physical means and chemical control when necessary should be conducted to reduce their density.


Iterative algorithms, which use diffracted intensities and some a-priori knowledge of an image to solve the phase problem, have been under development for many years. The promised super-resolution images, reconstructed from diffraction information alone, would be of the greatest value for molecular imaging and for the image of nonperiodic structures in materials. Using simulated data it is possible, for example, to reconstruct a complex object from a knowledge of its diffracted intensities with certain known support functions. Some success has recently been achieved reconstructing micrometer-sized non-periodic objects using coherent X-rays by the Feinup method. One favorable support function consists of two holes spanned by the coherence width of the beam, with one or both holes containing an unknown object. Our simulations, which iterate between diffracted intensities and the image, applying the known support (either completely opaque or completely transparent) and intensities in each domain, confirm that image reconstruction is possible for loose supports and noiseless data.


The invention discloses a MCU, a terminal and a control method. The MCU comprises an input selector, having an input end as a debug pin (Debug pin) of the MCU, a control end as a security mode (sec) control end of the MCU and a first output end, and being configured to enable the MCU to run normally but not be accessed through the input end and to enable only the input end to be connected with a debug module through the first output end; and the debug module, connected to a storage module, and configured to only control the storage to perform operations to erase and/or clear in a security mode. The technical scheme of the invention can achieve beneficial effects of simple operation process, small security risk and good user experience.


With electronic devices becoming smaller and more portable, they are being utilized more in science and everyday life.  There must be a way to power these devices without long cables, large batteries, or other power supplies. Mobile phones and CubeSats are examples of technologies that could take advantage of wireless low-energy transfer for powering or charging devices. Our platform, containing our receiving circuitry was suspended from a tethered aerostat. The platform was designed to receive the wireless signal emitted from a microwave transmitter, analyze the strength of the signal via a programmable microcontroller, and transmit the data back to our logging station on ground level. In order to receive the transmitted power in a usable state, a rectifier and multiple antennas had to be designed and built to test for reception and efficiency. The antennas designed included the Yagi-Uda and fractal-patch antennas


A kind of Binary Ant Colony Algorithm is designed.Each ant stands at the former place to form one-dimension linear queue for transferring the signal from one toanother.While the signal passes each ant,the ant randomly chooses the state(0 or 1)according to its own pheromone. Owing to the adoption of the binary coding,the requirment for the behavior of every single ant is lower.So the corresponding memory is relatively less,which greatly improves the efficiency of the algorithm.The test function and the multi 0/1 Knapsack problem show that the proposed algorithm has better convergence speed and stability.


Artificial intelligence, including expert systems, fuzzy logic, neural networks and genetic algorithms, is increasingly being applied to the solution of a wide range of problems in the monitoring and operation of electricity supply systems. Following the privatization of the Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales in 1990, there is an overriding commercial incentive for the privatized electricity companies to operate the high voltage transmission networks as economically as possible without compromizing their reliability in a climate of substantial uncertainty as to the generator prices and availabilities that are bid into the pool from day to day and the energy trading contracts that have to be implemented. These circumstances often mean that the transmission and distribution networks must operate close to their defined security limits and still be capable of surviving severe disturbances. Hence artificial intelligence is being applied to the development of online real‐time monitoring systems to assist the electricity supply companies' control room engineers. This paper reviews this field and presents two case studies.


Atomic switch is a nanoionic-device that controls the diffusion of metal ions/atoms and their reduction/oxidation processes in the switching operation to form/annihilate a conductive path [1-3]. Since metal atoms can provide a highly conductive channel even if their cluster size is in the nanometer scale, atomic switches may enable downscaling to smaller than the 11 nm technology node, which is a great challenge for semiconductor devices. Atomic switches also possess novel characteristics, such as high on/off ratios, very low power consumption and non-volatility. Although two-terminal devices work as logic devices such as the crossbar circuit, three-terminal devices, in which signal line and control line are separated, are advantageous for the logic applications.


ABSTRACT Dynamic assembly and remodeling of actin is critical for many cellular processes during development and stress adaptation. In filamentous fungi and budding yeast, actin cables align in a polarized manner along the mother-to-daughter cell axis, and are essential for the establishment and maintenance of polarity; moreover, they rapidly remodel in response to environmental cues to achieve an optimal system response. A formin at the tip region within a macromolecular complex, called the polarisome, is responsible for driving actin cable polymerization during polarity establishment. This polarisome undergoes dynamic assembly through spatial and temporally regulated interactions between its components. Understanding this process is important to comprehend the tuneable activities of the formin-centered nucleation core, which are regulated through divergent molecular interactions and assembly modes within the polarisome. In this Review, we focus on how intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) orchestrate the condensation of the polarisome components and the dynamic assembly of the complex. In addition, we address how these components are dynamically distributed in and out of the assembly zone, thereby regulating polarized growth. We also discuss the potential mechanical feedback mechanisms by which the force-induced actin polymerization at the tip of the budding yeast regulates the assembly and function of the polarisome. Summary: A review of how the molecular condensation machinery drives dynamic assembly of the yeast macromolecular polarisome complex, and thereby, its activities in actin polymerization and polarized growth.


The purpose of this research was to examine investor reactions on internet financial reporting. This research also examined the factors that affect investor reactions on internet financial reporting, by examining the influence of the degree of information disclosure and the scope of internet reporting. In addition, this research also compared the speed of investor reactions between a company that provides a greater degree of IFR disclosure and a company that provides a less degree of IFR disclosure. The samples were selected by purposive sampling criteria. The number of samples were 295 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2012. The research was conducted using event studies, multiple regression analysis techniques, and final prediction error (FPE) methodology. The results showed that investors react to the presence of internet financial reporting disclosures, as indicated by the presence of abnormal return in the event window. The results also showed that the investor reaction is influenced by the level of information in the IFR disclosure. While the scope of the disclosure IFR can't explain the cause of the reaction of investors. In addition, the results also showed that there was no difference the speed of investor reactions between a company that provides a greater degree of IFR disclosure and a company that provides a less degree of IFR disclosure.


OBJECTIVE
To search for a better therapy for prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disk.

METHODS
One hundred and sixteen cases were randomly divided into a treatment group treated with round sharp needle plus massage, and a control group with filiform needle plus massage, 58 cases in each group. Changes of symptoms and signs were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTS
The effective rate was 98.2% in the treatment group and 82.8% in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
Round sharp needle combined with massage has a better therapeutic effect on prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disk.


Many conflicts are predictable, but are conflicts preventable? Most analysts saw the violent break-up of Yugoslavia coming and many tried to stop it, but it happened anyway. There were clear indications that the situations in Afghanistan and Iraq would not be resolved peacefully. Similarly, the writing was on the wall in Sierra Leone, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Côte d'Ivoire long before things got out of control, and warnings about the Falklands crisis were given well before the conflict started. On the other hand, given exceptional local leadership, South Africa turned out better than many predicted; perhaps therein lies a lesson. Should we be surprised by terrorist acts or by the rise in global terrorism? The scale of 9/11 shook the world, but the motives underlying this atrocity had long been in the public domain. Though it is impossible accurately to predict the nature or timescale of violent events, we ought to be better at reading the indicators and predicting the


Aim:To study the relationship between VEGF expression and PKC activity in pulmonary arterial vascular endothelial cells during hypoxia. Methods:We detected the changes of PKC activity and VEGF levels in pulmonary arterial vascular endothelial cells under the hypoxia,hypoxia with PKC inhibitor and normoxia with PKC inhibitor conditions. Results:It was showed that both PKC activity and VEGF levels increased significantly ( P 0.01) during hypoxia. After adding PKC inhibitor (staurosporine), however,they were both inhibited under the hypoxia and normoxia conditions. Conclusion:Hypoxia stimulates pulmonary arterial vascular endothelial cells to secrete VEGF and PKC may be one of the factors that up-regulate VEGF gene expression during hypoxia.


Compared with traditional patent data management and retrieval, this paper uses artificial intelligence and big data analysis methods to quickly screen out patents with high market promotion value from massive patent data. In addition, from the practical perspectives of promoting the transformation and promotion of achievements and improving the adaptability of patents to the needs of market development, this paper proposes a method for evaluating the value relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship achievements and patent operations. Through practical case verification, the method proposed in this paper can stimulate the potential value of patents and efficiently promote the commercialization and product transformation of patent achievements. This has reference significance for improving the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements.


The magnetic properties of as quenched and annealed Fe 73.5 Ag 1Nb 3Si 13.5 B 9 alloys were investigated. X ray diffraction was used to monitor the structure changes of the samples under different annealing temperatures. It was found that by Cu addition, the crystallization temperature T x1 of Fe Nb Si B alloy is decreased, whereas by Ag addition, the T x1 is increased. A small amount of α Fe and Ag were obtained after the sample was annealed at 500℃ for 1 h. With increasing the annealing temperature, Fe 23 B 6、 Fe 2B、 Fe 3B were separated out and magnetic properties of the samples were impaired quickly. A mostly single nanocrystalline grain of α Fe phase could not be obtained in the annealed samples.


A platform of vectorgraph designed for network courses is introduced in this paper. This platform of vcctorgraph is made up of a client running in Internet explorer and a server run on Web server. Design and implementation issues, including choice of system structure, interactive drawing environment and graphics data processing are discussed in detail.


This study investigated the concept of corrective feedback in second language learning as a learning resource, recasting it as feedback-seeking behavior. Dweck's (1999) mindsets, Korn and Elliot's (2016) achievement goals, and Ashford's (1986) model of feedback-seeking behavior were re-operationalized in the context of language learning. Questionnaire data from 287 college students studying foreign languages in the United States confirmed that learners make calculated decisions regarding whether to seek feedback, by what method, and from what source, based on their own perceptions of the costs and values associated with different feedback-seeking strategies, which are, in turn, largely predicted by the learners? language mindsets and achievement goals. Learners with a growth language mindset and development-approach goals sought feedback using both monitoring and inquiry methods and from teachers and others. Learners with a fixed language mindset and demonstration goals sought feedback only by method of inquiry but from different sources depending on the valence (approach vs. avoidance) of their goals.


In this paper, we propose a novel approach of Gabor feature based on bi-directional two-dimensional principal component analysis ((2D)2PCA) for somatic cells recognition. Firstly, Gabor features of different orientations and scales are extracted by the convolution of Gabor filter bank. Secondly, dimensionality reduction of the feature space applies (2D)2PCA in both row and column. Finally, the classifier uses Support Vector Machine (SVM) to achieve our goal. The experimental results are obtained using a large set of images from different sources. The results of our proposed method are not only efficient in accuracy and speed, but also robust to illumination in bovine mastitis via optical microscopy.


Abstract Some inequalities useful in information theory are considered and extended for various generalized entropies. The extension is done under a unified approach. Some possible applications of the generalized entropies as well as of the inequalities are discussed. Some other properties, relationships and inequalities among the entropies along with concavity, pseudoconcavity and Schur concavity are also given.


Through analysis on troubles occurring in operating the diesel engine,the causes of the failure and troubles are concisely positioned with the repairing process as a reference in this paper,which as well introduced essential repairing craftwork for the machine's failure and proposes feasible and effective ways to improve cylinder head's structure so as to avoid such accidents.


The ant genus Cardiocondyla is characterised by a remarkable male diphenism, with "normal" winged males that often co-occur with "worker-like" (ergatoid) males, which is extraordinary in social insects. These male phenes represent different reproductive tactics. The peaceful winged males are the disperser phene, even though they got lost in some Cardiocondyla species. Ergatoid males mate intranidal and are in many species aggressive fighters that show a striking adaptation to their behaviour. Young queens usually mate inside their maternal nest.

In my study species C. obscurior the winged male phene occurs only when environmental conditions change, while one ergatoid male with sabre-shaped mandibles is regularly in the colony. Queens mated to winged males might have to leave the colony to found a nest elsewhere due to changing conditions and probably need considerably more time until they produce the first sexual offspring. They live longer than queens mated to an ergatoid male. In my second study species C. tjibodana on the other side the winged male phene is common, while ergatoid males with shear-shaped mandibles are rare. Data on queen longevity is lacking. The fact that females mate only during a short period and store the sperm lifelong, as well as the production of the sterile worker offspring before the production of sexual offspring in social insects favours sexual cooperation over sexual conflict.

The aim of this thesis was to study the male accessory glands of the male phenes of C. obscurior as potential proximate cause of the life-prolonging effect. I investigated the protein pattern and the gene expression pattern of these glands by using two-dimensional-SDS-polyacrylamide-gelelectrophoresis (2D-SDS-PAGE) and a representational difference analysis (RDA), respectively. Additionally, I examined the protein pattern of the accessory glands of the male phenes of C. tjibodana and analysed queen longevity based on the male phene they had mated with.

Chapter 2 "Suppression subtractive hybridization reveals differentially expressed genes in the accessory glands of two ant male phenes with different life histories" is based on the result from a study on RNA-level to examine differences in the gene expression in the accessory glands of the male phenes of C. obscurior. 38 US could be assigned to predicted genes and eight of these could be analyzed in detail in a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis.

In Chapter 3 "Comparison of the accessory gland proteins of two male-diphenic ant species and the effect on their mating partners" the accessory gland proteins were investigated by 2D-SDS-PAGE. I compared the protein pattern of the two male phenes of C. obscurior and found 56 proteins to be differently regulated. A comparison in C. tjibodana revealed 91 proteins to be up- or down-regulated. The results of a subsequent nano-LC-MS/MS-analysis of some selected protein spots of C. obscurior revealed that SERPINB10, Protein disulfide isomerase A3, Na+/H+ exchange regulatory cofactor, Selenophosphate synthetase 1 and a hypothetical protein are differentially expressed between the two male phenes.

Chapter 4 "Selenophosphate synthetase in the male accessory glands of an insect without selenoproteins" demonstrated that Selenophosphate synthetase 1 is transcribed into a protein in C. obscurior, which has previously not been shown for any social Hymenoptera. Besides details on predicted gene structure, I discussed the possible role of selenophosphate synthetase (SPS1) in relation to oxidative stress defence in social insects.

Chapter 5 "Queen and male longevity in the Southeast Asian ant Cardiocondyla tjibodana Karavaiev, 1935" presented the results of the study on queen and male longevity in C. tjibodana. Contrary to C. obscurior, queens in C. tjibodana live on average equally long, independent of the male phene they mated with. Moreover, queens do not show an increase of egg laying rate with age, as it has been shown in C. obscurior and C. kagutsuchi.

Interestingly we found SERPINB10 on the RNA-level, as well as on the protein level. While a possible function of Na+/H+ exchange regulatory cofactor 2 (NHE-RF2), a hypothetical protein and ejaculatory bulb specific protein 3-like remains unknown, SPS1 might help in reactive oxygen species defence. Growth hormone-inducible transmembrane protein-like (ghitm), SERPINB10 and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing nogo receptor-interacting protein 2-like might function in an immune system related manner.

In summary, my research provides very good candidate genes and proteins to be related to queen longevity, which can serve as an informative basis that can be built upon in future research on this subject.


OBJECTIVE
To assess micronutrient status indices in blood and plasma of subjects subjected to siege conditions.

DESIGN
Whole blood and serum samples were taken from subjects, sampled from 30 clusters in four Municipal Areas of Sarajevo. The blood samples were flown, under appropriate refrigeration, to the UK for analysis.

SETTING
The study was conducted in besieged Sarajevo and laboratory analyses were carried out at Department of Clinical Chemistry, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and at Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland.

SUBJECTS
202 subjects, aged from 1 to 82 years were included in the sample.

INTERVENTIONS
Serum folate, ferritin, transferrin, retinol, retinol-binding protein, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, C-reactive protein, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume of blood were determined. Micronutrient status was assessed by comparison with a range of values derived from multinational data sets from both pathologically malnourished and normal subjects.

RESULTS
Haemoglobin, ferritin, folate, retinol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels were lower in the Sarajevan sample than in normal reference populations. Serum alpha-tocopherol was low in children and adolescents while a low beta-carotene level probably reflected the scarcity of green vegetables. No consistent evidence of protein/energy deficits were detected.

CONCLUSIONS
Data for retinol binding protein and transferrin, when considered in association with BMI and Z-score data, provided no significant evidence of protein-energy undernutrition. However, the prevailing food aid rations failed to maintain adequate reserves of several micronutrients, particularly iron, folate and vitamin D. The significance of low values for serum retinol and beta-carotene and of low serum alpha-tocopherol in children must be investigated further.


Based on the static gray image expression database,this paper gave a recognition algorithm by using multiple facial expression features to construct multi-classifier.Aiming to improving speed of extracting features,features of expression that were extracted by local Gabor wavelet transformation on the selected facial landmark were used to constructing facial elastic templates.Extracted geometric features and Fisherfaces features on the facial effective area extracted by elastic templates.Primary integrated SVM should be constructed by combining with Geometric features;secondary integrated SVM should be constructed by combining with Fisherfaces features.Compared with the single features,the experimental results show that recognition rate and robustness are improved by experiments based on JAFFE and Cohn-Kanade.


The initial motivation for this article occurred on Prison Justice Day, August 10th, 1987. I had given it an ironic title taken from the Carson Commission Report, Corrections Is A Human Enterprise. I am no longer satisfied with the title or much that I wrote. I still live confined within the fortress structure of the Prison for Women in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. It remains a limestone monument to social failure. The structure effectively incarcerates women from across the entire country. The concrete walls, cement cells, and barred windows represent a rigidity of social thinking, perpetuated, obstinate blindness to suffering in the interest of serving the economic needs of the Kingston community. I have been told that Kingston ranks as one of the prettiest cities in Canada. To my mind it is a city whose vitality has been fed by the blood and pain of prisoners.


AbstractPlatelets protect myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study examined the role of platelet-derived TGF-β1 in cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion. Isolated Sprague Dawley rat hearts were perfused with K-H buffer and subjected to 25 min of global ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Ischemia-reperfusion resulted in myocardial dysfunction indicated by increase in CPP and LVEDP, and decrease in dLVP. Perfusion of hearts with washed platelets or supernatant of aggregated platelets attenuated (P < 0.01) of myocardial dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion. Ischemia-reperfusion resulted in a decrease in myocardial TGF-β1 determined by immunohistochemistry. ELISA showed an increase in latent TGF-/β1, but a decrease in active TGF-β1, Perfusion of hearts with platelets or aggregated platelet supernatant preserved myocardial TGF-β1 content upon ischemia-reperfusion. Perfusion of hearts with recombinant TGF-β1 also resulted in cardioprotection following ischemia-reperfusion...


We consider the problem of designing a length-n binary sequence, such that the location of any length-k contiguous subsequence can be determined from a noisy observation of that subsequence. We derive bounds on the minimal possible k in the limit of n → ∞, and describe some sequence constructions. Both adversarial and probabilistic noise models are addressed. Two applications of the problem include fast positioning and card tricks.


Objective:To explore the character and significance of Maspin expression in different breast cancer.Methods:Maxvision immunohistochemical method was used to assess the expression of Maspin in different breast carcinoma.And the relationship between expression of Maspin and that of ER,PR,C-erbB-2,VEGF,MVD,lymph node metastasis in invasion lobular carcinoma,ductal carcinoma was statistically analyzed.Results:Positive expression in ductal carcinoma in stiu,invasive carcinoma of no special type,infiltrating lobular carcinoma was 36.4%,23.5%,9.1% respectively,but no significant statistical difference(P0.05) between groups.Maspin expression was not found in Medullary carcinoma and tubular carcinoma.Maspinpositive cases showed a significant decrease in MVD and/or C-erbB-2 expression(P0.05).Conclusions:Maspin may depend largely on its antiogentic activity to inhibit tumor.


The structure of rapidly quenched Nb 100-x-y Pd x Ge y alloys has been investigated using x-ray diffraction. Niobium concentrations were varied between 100 and 45 at.% the remainder at each Nb concentration was composed of Pd and up to y = 15 at.% Ge. Germanium was found to suppress the nucleation rate of the fcc α-NbPd phase relative to that of the bcc α-Nb phase, thereby extending the single-phase bcc solubility range by ≈ 2 at.% Nb. High Ge content ( y > 6) also induced quenching of the amorphous phase. These results can be understood from the standpoint of classical nucleation theory and from a consideration of the polymorphic phase diagram of Nb-Pd. The two approaches are consistent with Ge addition depressing the T o line of the fcc phase more rapidly than it depresses the T o line of the bcc phase.


The iterative least squares method was used for the estimation of the Gibbs free energy △G of calcium aluminate sulphate hydrates the lime desulfurization product in alumina production. By means of the tree diagram theory, the optimal selection of exponential power Xi in the regression equation is realized. The recursive least square method was used to solve the regression equation, and a regression method for estimating the Gibbs free energy of calcium aluminate sulphate hydrates was obtained. The Gibbs free energies of two kinds of calcium aluminate sulphate hydrates at 343K were estimated by this method. The experimental results were consistent with the estimated Gibbs free energies. It shows that the estimated method is correct and the result is reliable. The Gibbs free energy of calcium aluminate sulphate hydrates at any temperature can be estimated by this means. The study will provide theoretical and experimental basis for the lime desulfurization and synthesis of calcium aluminate sulphate hydrates by process of alumina production.


ALBA is a 3 GeV, 400 mA, 3 rd generation Synchrotron Light Source under commissioning in Cerdanyola, Spain. The RF System has to provide 3.6 MV of accelerating voltage and restore up to 540 kW of power to the electron beam. For that six RF plants, working at 500 MHz, are foreseen. The RF plants include several new developments: DAMPY cavity; the normal conducting HOM damped cavity developed by BESSY and based in the EU design; six are installed. CaCo; a cavity combiner to add the power of two 80 kW IOTs to produce the 160 kW needed for each cavity. WATRAX; a waveguide transition to coaxial, specially designed to feed the DAMPY cavities due to the geometrical and cooling constrains. Digital LLRF; fully designed at ALBA using commercial components. This paper shortly describes these systems and reports their performance during the ALBA commissioning.


In the present work, we analyse the relationship between the abuse of mobile phone and the toxic substances with the components of the sensation seeking variable. The sample was of 634 students who are enrolled in Burgos capital in second degree of Compulsory Secondary Education and Non-Compulsory Secondary Education. The aim of our study is to clarify some questions about the consequences that the abuse of Information and Communication Technology can be generating in our younger population in order to improve the precocity in the diagnosis, and propose alternatives and educational answers, so as to prevent and guide adolescents.


In order to develop high performance concrete that overcome defects of asphalt and latex modified concrete for bridge deck overlay, this study aims to evaluate durability performance of concrete slab for bridge deck overlay. The present study is an exploratory research concerned with evaluation of t...


In the end to comment this case you should understand that conduction of such surgery operations is possible only in specific medical centers. In such centers you can create optimal conditions including high level of professional surgery and anesthesiology staff. Resection of tumor by the one block considered radical surgery operation which will be a hope to cure animal even it was in difficult localization.


Chronic nonspecific multiple ulcers of the small intestine are a disease characterized by multiple small intestinal ulcers without any histopathologic specificity. It is caused by mutations in the SLCO2A1 gene, which encodes a prostaglandin transporter. The male-to-female ratio is 1 : 2, and the disease is intractable, causing anemia and hypoproteinemia. Intestinal resection is required in half of the cases. Small intestinal lesions are predominantly located at the ileum and are characterized by shallow ulcers and multiple stenoses in a circular or oblique pattern. In addition to the clinical course and mor-phological evaluation of the small intestinal lesions, the presence of upper gastrointestinal lesions and extra-gastrointestinal signs are helpful in the diagnosis, and the SLCO2A1 gene test is also useful.


Outback and Beyond is a live audio-visual performance and collaboration between myself and Rome-based sound-artist Mike Cooper. It is a live remix of films and images from the National Film and Sound Archive and the State Library of South Australia, accompanied by Mike Cooper's live soundtrack of lap-steel guitar and deconstructed Blues, and a libretto recounting the adventures and misadventures of Charles Todd, the engineer who built the Overland Telegraph from Darwin to Adelaide in the 1870s. It is a meditation on the images and myths that form Australia's national identity, and on methods of contesting the formation of that identity. In this paper, I explore the implications of the live archival remix that underpins the project; implications in terms of how the project works with archival materials in a performance context, but also in terms of the enquiry the project conducts into archival practice itself.


For designing a reasonable housing supply system for the civil servants,the sorted Multinomial Logistic Model is adopted to appraise the match-up level of current housing supply policy and the actual housing demand of the civil servants.Those unmarried,on department level and below,discontented with current housing subsidy method,or those who acquired their houses from the non-market source are likely unsatisfied with the current housing conditions.The result of the Unsorted Multinomial Logistic Model identifies the housing affordability and the housing subsidy standard as the key factors to affect the housing choice of the civil servants.The supply sources,the housing modes for the special civil servants group and the subsidy standards should be focused on when constructing the whole civil servant housing supply policy system.


From the beginning of the school year and throughout the whole process of intensive training and visits to preschools, child's body experiences stress and lack of vitamins compounded by the implications of autumn, winter and spring seasons. During these periods children are especially in need of a balanced consumption of essential trace elements and vitamins necessary for the development of the growing organism and normalization of the brain function. Hypovitaminosis contributes to detraction and decreased physical activity which lead to low learning outcomes and misconduct.


Many pan-sharpening techniques have been developed to synthesize a multispectral (MS) image at high resolution by fusing MS images and panchromatic (Pan) images. Most existing pan-sharpening methods can achieve results with high spatial resolution, but the spectral distortion in the fused results is still a problem that needs to be solved. In this paper, an adaptive linear model is proposed to reduce the spectral distortion by weakening the dependence on the correlation between Pan and MS. The difference between a Pan image and the combination of MS images is estimated by least square optimization, and embedded into the proposed model as a virtual band. According to the adaptive model, an iterative pan-sharpening algorithm is proposed based on the steepest descent method, in which the virtual band is used as a local adaptive constraint to the optimized solution. The proposed method is tested on datasets acquired by IKONOS, QuickBird, and Landsat 7 ETM+ and compared with the existing methods. The quality measures and the visual impressions show that the proposed method is an efficient approach to preserving spectral information and represents strong robustness against various scenes and sensors.


The authors suggest that their findings have implications for educators in their planning for better strategies to improve student engagement in online classes Evaluating blended learning in an MBA Class In this article Joseph Kizito Bada discusses the blended learning approach for course delivery via the Moodle LMS at the Makerere University Business School (MUBS). The author reports evaluation results in which students strongly recommended the e-learning approach for postgraduate studies, while expressing benefits from online classes, including easy provision of lecture materials;ease of coursework administration;user friendly learning environment;cost-effective way of studying;useful interactive discussions;and flexibility in learning. The findings also indicate that there was minimal use of ICT among the teachers due to impediments such as lack of support by school management to access Internet services, lack of an adequate power supply, theft and vandalization, and inadequate training and skills for effective use of ICT. The author recommends teacher training in ICT literacy for development of competency and government creation of an enabling environment that would reduce the cost of access to Internet services.


This work is a book review considering the title Digital Ethnography: Anthropology, Narrative, and New Media by Natalie M. Underberg and Elayne Zorn.


The purpose of this study was attempted to increase the nursing professionalism of nurse in community based non-life insurance companies (CBNLIC) by understanding effects of Ethical dilemmas and decisionmaking type on their professionalism. This study utilized a structured questionnaire survey of nurses in CBNLIC (103 nurses) in the whole country. Data were collected from 1 August to 31 August, 2015. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, and multiple regressions using the SPSS 20.0 program. This study showed that major variables which had statistically meaningful differences on nursing professionalism were job satisfaction (β=.364, p<.001), reasonable decision-making type (β=.258, p= 003), dependent decision-making type (β=-. 289, p=.002). And those variables explained 38.2% of nursing professionalism (F=11.501, p<.001). Developing a program which can improve quality of nurse in non-life insurance company, is required to enhance their performance.


ABSTRACT Empirical research generally supports the dyadic-level trade-promotes-peace hypothesis, while demonstrating that the relationship is weaker, more complex, and more conditional than liberal theory suggests. We shift to the system level and examine a neglected path to conflict in economically interdependent systems. In the great power competition for support among smaller states, a great power at a competitive disadvantage in economic instruments of influence may be incentivised to adopt more militarised strategies. We illustrate our argument with case studies of Austro-Hungarian and Russian influence strategies before the First World War and of Prussian strategies among German states before the Franco-Prussian War.


A study was performed on the effect produced by radiation on the gas permeation and gas separation performances of cellulose acetate and silicone rubber membranes, to be used in gas separation cells. When cellulose acetate membranes are irradiated, the resulting temperature rise causes a reduction in the gas permeability and improves the gas separation factor. By producing an approximately equal decrease in gas permeability, a dose rate of 2.0×105 rad/sec was found equivalent to annealing at 140°C, which is in substantial agreement with the membrane surface temperature measured during irradiation. The results obtained with silicone rubber membrane were similar to those reported by Robb and Nakagawa.


OF DISSERTATION IMPROVING TRACEABILITY RECOVERY TECHNIQUES THROUGH THE STUDY OF TRACING METHODS AND ANALYST BEHAVIOR Developing complex software systems often involves multiple stakeholder interactions, coupled with frequent requirements changes while operating under time constraints and budget pressures. Such conditions can lead to hidden problems, manifesting when software modifications lead to unexpected software component interactions that can cause catastrophic or fatal situations. A critical step in ensuring the success of software systems is to verify that all requirements can be traced to the design, source code, test cases, and any other software artifacts generated during the software development process. The focus of this research is to improve on the trace matrix generation process and study how human analysts create the final trace matrix using traceability information generated from automated methods. This dissertation presents new results in the automated generation of traceability matrices and in the analysis of analyst actions during a tracing task. The key contributions of this dissertation are as follows: (1) Development of a Proximity-based Vector Space Model for automated generation of TMs. (2) Use of Mean Average Precision (a ranked retrieval-based measure) and 21-point interpolated precision-recall graph (a set-based measure) for statistical evaluation of automated methods. (3) Logging and visualization of analyst actions during a tracing task. (4) Study of human analyst tracing behavior with consideration of decisions made during the tracing task and analyst tracing strategies. (5) Use of potential recall, sensitivity, and effort distribution as analyst performance measures. Results show that using both a ranked retrieval-based and a set-based measure with statistical rigor provides a framework for evaluating automated methods. Studying the human analyst provides insight into how analysts use traceability information to create the final trace matrix and identifies areas for improvement in the traceability process. Analyst performance measures can be used to identify analysts that perform the tracing task well and use effective tracing strategies to generate a high quality final trace matrix.


This paper examines employment growth in Los Angeles using time series version of economic base models. I use the cointegration concept for the determination of regional economic base, and discuss the short-run dynamic adjustment process and derive regional economic base multipliers in terms of impulse responses. Finally, forecast performance is carried out.


The article updates professional skills of a teacher in the context of digital transformation of education. The author actualizes the need for changes in the traditional functions of a schoolteacher. The new functional features include motivation management (pedagogical coaching), designing individual academic road maps (pedagogical design), creating lesson scripts (pedagogical directing), providing pedagogical assistance (personal tutoring), and encouraging positive involvement (pedagogical animation). The article establishes a logical connection between these new professional functions in the teacher's activity and the key principles of digital education. It also offers some new prospect areas in professional teacher training, e.g., theory and methodology of teaching and upbringing in the context of digital education.


The purpose of this paper is to describe briefly, procedures and controls employed by the quality control department of General Motors-Holden's limited in the checking and testing of components and systems that are part of the modern motor car, with particular reference to safety related items requiring documentation as part of compliance. While many components and systems are subject to Australian design rules and therefore have legislative backing to ensure that compliance is a continuous and legally binding requirement, thereare many other components used in building a car that require very stringent controls of our own to ensure reliable, safe and trouble-free performance. (A)


The energy barrier at InAs/GaAs interface due to the built-in strain in self-organized system has been determined experimentally. Such a barrier has been predicted by previous theories. From the deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements, we have obtained the electron and hole energy levels of quantum dots E-e(QD-->GaAs) = 0.13 eV and E-h(QD-->GaAs) = 0.09 eV relative to the bulk unstrained GaAs band edges E-c and E-v. DLTS measurements have also provided evidence to the existence of the capture barriers of quantum dots for electron E-eB = 0.30 eV and hole E-hB = 0.26 eV. The barriers can be explained by the apexes appearing in the interface between InAs and GaAs caused by strain. Combining the photoluminescence results, the band structures of InAs and GaAs have been determined.


The results of previous studies conclude that some learning media have the potential to improve students' independence and competence in understanding accounting material. Through modules and interactive video media, the lecturers have the opportunity to improve student competency in learning introductory accounting. The purpose of this study is to produce an introductory learning module accounting with a scientific approach through interactive video. The learning module was developed by researchers and validated by experts. The results of the study show that the learning module with a scientific approach through interactive video can improve student competency in understanding the process of financial reporting. This research recommends that the learning module with a scientific approach through interactive video, student competence in understanding the process of financial reporting, especially adjusting journals, is more profound, meaningful, and student-centered. Future research is needed to analyze the contribution of the use of learning modules in economic subjects.


In the last decade, vertical axis wind turbines acquired notable interest in the renewable energy field. Different techniques are available to perform aerodynamic and structural simulation of these complex machines, but, to the authors' best knowledge, a comprehensive approach, which includes an automatic optimization algorithm, has never been developed. In this work, a methodology to conduct an efficient aero-structural design of Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine is presented. This relies on a code-to-measurement validated simulation tool based on Blade Element-Momentum algorithm adopting a particular set of aerodynamic coefficients, and a code-to-code validated structural model based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The algorithms are coupled with a Genetic Algorithm to perform the optimization. The adopted decisional parameters allow to completely vary the blade shape and the airfoil geometry to reduce the structural stress and improve the aerodynamic performance. Different individuals are explored to perform a wide aerodynamic and structural analysis of improved configurations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Comparison of two extensive series of determinations of the radial velocity of the brighter component of the visual binary 70 Ophiuchi, one made at the Lick Observatory between 1897 and 1932 and the other at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory between 1966 and 1990, leads to the establishment of a systematic difference between them of about 0.3 km/s and a most probable value for the orbital period of 88.05 y + or - 0.70 y. This value agrees well with that obtained from observations of separation and position angle, of which it is completely independent. Revised orbital elements, based on the spectroscopic observations alone, are also presented.


This Article examines the dramatic constriction of the inequitable conduct defense to patent infringement accomplished in 2011 by the issuance of the Federal Circuit's decision in Therasense, Inc. v. Becton, Dickinson & Co. and the enactment of the America Invents Act (AIA). The Article argues that Therasense and the AIA have unduly narrowed the inequitable conduct defense and thus undermined core goals of United States patent law. The Article concludes that Therasense and specific features of the AIA, particularly its adoption of new post-issuance review proceedings and a new best mode amendment, will operate in tandem to sharply curtail the availability of the inequitable conduct defense and impair the operation of the U.S. patent system. Simultaneously, Therasense will operate to overly constrict the opportunity for parties to assert Walker Process antitrust claims. In short, the cure has been worse than the plague on the patent system that critics have commonly attributed to the inequitable conduct doctrine.


Once, travelling to Jericho by night I saw outside the window in the dark a pale reef of ruins, a wrecked honeycomb of crumbling buildings standing stark...


Book review of Partial Least Squares Path Modeling by Hengky Latan and Richard Noonan (eds.). New York, NY: Springer, 2017, xxxvii + 414 pp., S149.99, ISBN: 978-3-319-64068-6.


Studies were made of the therapeutic effect of rat thymus and spleen DNA as a function of its polymerization in experiments on Wistar rats exposed to radiation in doses of 750, 820, 840 and 875 R. Base preparations with a mean molecular mass of 34.10/sup 6/ dalton, mechanically degraded to 14.5.10/sup 6/, 9.2.10/sup 6/, 5.8.10/sup 6/, dalton and, by means of ultrasound, to 0.9.10/sup 6/ dalton were used. Preparations with average polymerism, with molecular mass of 5.5.10/sup 6/ to 13.10/sup 6/ dalton, had a marked therapeutic effect, increasing survival of irradiated animals by 15 to 25%, as compared to the irradiated control.


This paper presents results of long-term monitoring of seismic load of structures situated in undermined Karviná region. Data from seismological monitoring were used for seismic load evaluation in terms of new methodology. Main idea is recalculation of maximum measured velocity values to have possibility to take into account number of seismic events and number of intensive seismic events especially. This methodology was elaborated for evaluation of seismic load of given place caused by mining induced seismicity for the purpose of maps of conflicts of interests. Trends of seismic load of structures are documented using changes of "C coefficient" calculated from data that were obtained on seismic stations situated at the surface in the Karviná region during last ten years.


The 2010 movie "The Whistleblower", is based on the true story of Kathryn Bolkovac, a police officer who accepted an offer to join the UN peacekeeping mission in Bosnia. While there, she uncovered direct evidence that underage girls were being held captive and bought and sold in a profitable sex trafficking operation. When she presented her evidence to her superiors, it was ignored, and when she persisted, she was fired.


Abstract The kinetic energy budget and dissipation are studied in their various partitionings, using daily aerological (wind and geopotential) data from the network over North America for six months. The total kinetic energy dissipation is partitioned into vertical mean flow and shear flow and also into planetary boundary layer and free atmosphere. Furthermore, the dissipations in the vertical mean flow and shear flow are partitioned separately into components contributed by the boundary layer and free atmosphere. Two important terms in the total kinetic energy equation in determining the total dissipation are the generation and outflow. Two important terms in the mean flow kinetic energy equation in determining the mean flow dissipation are the conversion between the vertical shear and mean flows and the outflow. The mean flow and shear flow dissipations seem to have numerical values of the same order of magnitude. The evaluated boundary layer dissipation and free atmosphere dissipation indicate that the...


Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the severity of illness and length of ICU stay in covid-19 patients who have received vaccination vs those who have not received vaccination. Study Design: A Retrospective/ Comparative study Place and Duration: King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Tabuk KSA. Nov 2021-July 2021 Methods: This research included 160 individuals of both sexes who had coronavirus illness. Patients were between the ages of 18 and 75. After obtaining informed written permission, demographic data on patients, such as age, gender, BMI, place of residence were gathered. It was determined that the coronavirus was present in all instances by RT-PCR. Two sets of patients were admitted to COVID 19 ward, and they were subsequently separated. Both groups were underwent for X-ray of chest. Two groups were formed: one with 80 vaccinated patients and the other with 80 unvaccinated individuals. In both groups, the prevalence of co-morbidities was evaluated. Both groups' recovery and results were assessed by looking at things like mortality and the severity of the condition. Complete data was analzsed using SPSS 22.0. Results: Among 160 cases, 100 (62.5%) were males and 60 (37.5%) females in this study. There was no any significantly difference between both groups related to age and body mass index. We found severity of disease among non-vaccinated patients was significantly high with p value <0.05.Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most common comorbidities among all cases. Frequency of interstitial infiltrates was found in 55 (68.8%) in group I and 60 (75%) in group II. In both groups, fever, cough, and dyspnea were the most prevalent symptoms. Frequency of discharged patients in group I was greater 66 (82.5%) as compared to non-vaccinated 29 (36.3%). ICU stay and mortality was significantly higher in group II 16 (20%),24 (30%) as compared to group I with p value <0.05. Conclusion: This research found that immunization against coronavirus illness is both effective and useful in lowering the severity of the condition. However, vaccination may lower the incidence of bad outcomes (ICU stay) and people should be made aware of the necessity of being vaccinated immediately. Keywords: Mortality, COVID 19, Vaccination, ICU stay


To verify large-scale vegetation parameter measurements, the average value of sampling points from small-scale data is typically used. However, this method undermines the validity of the data due to the difference in scale or an inappropriate number of sampling points. A robust universal error assessment method for measuring ground vegetation parameters is, therefore, needed. Herein, we simulated vegetation scenarios and measurements by employing a normal distribution function and the Lindbergh–Levi theorem to deduce the characteristics of the error distribution. We found that the small- and large-scale error variations were similar among the theoretically deduced leaf area index (LAI) measurements. In addition, LAI was consistently normally distributed regardless of which a systematic error or an accidental error was applied. The difference between observed and theoretical errors was highest in the low-density scenario (7.6% at < 3% interval) and was lowest in the high-density scenario (5.5% at < 3% interval), while the average ratio between deviation and theoretical error of each scenario was 2.64% (low density), 2.07% (medium density), and 2.29% (high density). Furthermore, the relative difference between the theoretical and empirical errors was highest in the high-density scenario (20.0% at < 1% interval) and lowest in the low-density scenario (14.9% at < 1% interval), respectively. These data show the strength of a universal error assessment method, and we recommend that existing large-scale data of the study region are used to build a theoretical error distribution. Such prior work in conjunction with the models outlined in this article could reduce measurement costs and improve the efficiency of conducting ground measurements.


In this work, new quantum derivative and integral concepts are de…ned. Some properties of these new concepts are investigated. Using two symmetrically quantum integrals together, some new quantum Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities are established. Also, using a new quantum identity, some known trapezoid type inequalities are extended to quantum analogs.


Meteorological conditions have an impact on the human body on a permanent basis and lead to numerous of physiological and behavioural reactions. To a large ex-tent, the meteorological conditions have shaped the civil-isations, way of life, architecture and art. Nowadays, where dynamic changes of climate and frequent and vio-lent weather anomalies are observed, the meteorological conditions are becoming a factor which directly influence the quality of life and which are often hazardous to the human health. In this range, heat and cold waves which cause a rapid increase in mortality are of the significant importance. Large diurnal changes in atmospheric pressure which lead to a worse well-being and tendency to aggres-sion or weakened concentration are also significant. Due to more frequent weather anomalies, more and more people is exposed to the weather's effects and elderly people constitute the most endangered group. In this regard, it is crucial to create an early warning system for un-favourable meteorological conditions altogether with pro-viding a thorough information regarding the way of an effective protection against their influence. The mechanism of the impact of high and low tem-peratures to the human body has been presented in the thesis, including the life-threatening condition. A descrip-tion of health effects of the influence of significant changes of the diurnal atmospheric pressure has been also provided.


Most human activities depend on water. Agriculture alone consumes 70% of all freshwater withdrawals worldwide.  In cases when such withdrawal overcome sustainability levels, water scarcity represents a growing threat to food security. In this framework, there has been an enduring debate on the opportunity of assigning an economic value to water. Some studies argue that water resources would be more efficiently allocated if they had a price that reflects their scarcity and that a pricing policy would also provide incentives for more sustainable consumption. Building on these considerations, in this work we investigate whether the water consumption in agricultural production is reflected in crop prices.

In this research, we focus specifically on the production of agricultural primary goods to understand whether water consumption is taken into consideration in the prices associated with these products on the global market. We consider the water component also in terms of water availability per capita at the country level (Falkenmark Water Stress Indicator). Aware of the fact that water and land are usually regarded as a single entity, we analyze if the water, isolated from this relation, still has an impact.

We select twelve representative crops analyzing their farm gate prices from 1991 to 2016, collecting data regarding 162 countries in total. We identify two different behaviors: staple crops (e.g. wheat, maize, soybeans, and potatoes) tend to incorporate in their prices the amount of water employed during the cultivation process. Differently, cash crops (e.g. coffee, cocoa beans, tea, vanilla), which are not crucial in human diets and mainly produced for exportation purposes, show a weaker relationship between water footprint and prices on the global market. These variations may be ascribable to specific market dynamics related to the two product groups. While there could be different elements influencing the behavior of these two macro-categories of crops, it is important to understand how water is related to crop prices to purse more efficient practices in water allocation and governance management, improving environmental sustainability in this field.


This article deals with the literary interpretation of the influence of The Bible . It has been an everlasting influence ever since it was finished over 2,000 years ago. And people have tried to interpret the good book from a variety of perspectives. Understanding its influence over the literary works and men of letters can undoubtedly facilitate the readers' interpretation of the big picture when reading the literary works and give a feel for literary giants' Biblical complex.


It is demonstrated that a novel method based on a mutated ant colony optimization algorithm can be applied to search for the highway construction route with minimum cost.The experimental results using bitmap maps with complex geographical information,such as mountains,valleys,rivers,and cities,show that the modified ant is able to mutate into a special ant and penetrate obstacles.The method has solved the path selection problem in highway constructions and can be used to plan highway routes efficiently.


The notes here published are an attempt to show the complex development of the Greek Pentameter, especially from later Hellenistic age onwards until about A.D. 600. This is methodologically interesting as an instance of the questions originated by the rising of the new rhythmical patterns and the subsequent struggle against this natural process. The author looks into a few data, which are a reflection of this tension, and more in detail into several different phenomena concerning the dieresis. So, he has tried to complement the researches and results adduced by scholars as Haussen, Maas and Treu.


It primarily discusses the problems of time inputs and effectiveness in scientific research work based on the theory of time effectiveness and on the analysis of practice of scientific research work with case study.


A tremendous amount of hope – and hype – has been attached to Tim Berners-Lee's concept of the Semantic Web, where machine-readable 'meaning' enriches the promise of the web. Creating a positive, successful, trust-worthy experience for users is crucial to its success. What does that mean? What is imperative for it to become the 'next generation' web? Most importantly, why must the usability community play a leading role to shape the Semantic Web in a positive, user-centered way?


Preface Reading this book quickly Part I. Introduction: 1. Advertisement 2. History 3. The language of sequential analysis Part II. Fitting the Timetable: 4. The order of the Markov chain 5. Stationarity of the Markov chain 6. Homogeneity 7. Everyday computations of stationarity, order and homogeneity 8. Sampling distributions 9. Lag sequential analysis Part III. The Timetable and the Contextual Design: 10. Log-linear models 11. Log-linear models: review and examples 12. A single case analysis of the timetable 13. Logit models and logistic regression 14. The problem of autocontingency and its solutions 15. Recent advances: a brief overview 16. A brief summary References Index.


Editions usually consist of three parts, the text of the manuscript, notes and/or variant apparatus, and an introduction. Each of the last two sections often stands in a zero-sum relationship to the edited text of the manuscript. In the introduction, the editor typically describes the manuscript, comments on the scribal hand(s), dates the manuscript, attempts to localize its place of origin, etc. Often, however, general deviations in the text can be commented upon and described in the introduction, and thus a simpler or normalized form can be substituted in the edited text. For example, the svarabbakti vowel in the -ur ending can be normalized in the edition as -r, as long as this principle is stated in the introduction. Exceptions to the stated rule can either occur as a list in the introduction or be remarked upon at the appropriate places in the notes.(1) Sometimes the introduction just informs the reader of changes made in the text, such as coalescing r, the small capital r, and the r-rotunda, f and insular f, or round and long s, without preserving a record of each of the original occurrences.(2) In a diplomatic edition, the notes would ideally be reserved for the explanation of difficulties in a single text, for example illegible letters or emendation made in scribendo or by later scribes.(3) In practice, however, notes often serve as a diplomatic repository for those anomalous forms which deviate from some normative convention or other, be it ever so slight. When the notes are used as a variant apparatus, even for the strict diplomatic edition of the primary text, one could limit the types of variants deemed deviant enough to be recorded.(4) Abbreviations, expanded and italicized in the edition, are quite frequently expanded without being especially marked when cited from variant texts "below the line." Once again, practical considerations usually play a role, for otherwise the apparatus could become too lengthy or confusing. In an effort to make basically diplomatic texts more readable, emendations are sometimes made in the text itself. These can be marked by special symbols in the text, such as () to enclose expanded suspensions, [] for the editor's guess at illegible letters, and to enclose obviously necessary forms not present in the manuscript.(5) Another possibility places the emendation in the text (sometimes marked there by an asterisk) and the generally very problematic manuscript form in the notes, although this is more common in normalized texts.(6) Quite often expanded abbreviations (not to mention ligatures) are not especially marked in the main text at all.(7) Other reader-friendly concessions in basically diplomatic texts include capitalizing all proper nouns, marking direct speech with quotation marks, adding periods after complete sentences, printing separated compounds as single words, and supplying chapter numbers.(8) This interplay of parts, that is, text, introduction, and notes, is just one of the practical considerations that make codifying the form of the optimal edition so difficult. Another is the phenomenon of infinitely variable (or "continuum") letters, that is, those symbols which can grade into others without there being an unequivocal point of transition. The difference between certain upper- and lower-case letters is frequently difficult to determine; among the most problematic are often the letters a, d, f, b, j, o, s, v, w, and p. Differences between lower-case letters can occasion similar problems, for example between i and j, u and v, s and z, y and ij combinations. It is sometimes impossible to say when a dot has become a line, thus obscuring the differences between a double-acute accent and a dieresis. The dot may also grade into either indistinctness or into stray marks on or imperfections in the writing surface and render impossible a judgment on gemination.(9) Space between letters can often rival that between words, making it difficult to decide if one word is not part of a larger compound. …


This article deals with the basic stages of formation of German terminology in the sphere of copyright. The copyright and the various points of view concerning it are considered. The author describes the peculiarities of copyright terminology diachronically and suggests the further investigation of the material.


The isotopic variations in the populations of the Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonicus, in three sea areas of the eastern Seto Inland Sea were examined. The carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios for Japanese anchovy differed among the sea areas. The results showed much greater isotopic variations in the populations in Harima-Nada and Kii Channel than Osaka Bay. Moreover, clustering analysis showed that the populations in Kii Channel and Harima-Nada consisted of two subgroups that are isotopically different, suggesting that the populations consist of groups of different feeding history. The spatial isotopic variations of the anchovies in our results may help us to understand the migration behavior of the Japanese anchovy in the eastern Seto Inland Sea.


An integrated compression based heating/cooling, humidification and mid or high efficiency heat recovery ventilation system is provided. The integrated system is a centralized apparatus that offers a very efficient method for heating/cooling with more winter and summer humidity control plus offering heat recovery ventilation in a structure having a regulated indoor temperature and specific ventilation/energy recovery rate. The heating and cooling section (22) of the apparatus would most commonly be configured as a forced air geothermal or air-to-air heat pump. The heat recovery ventilation section (16) of the apparatus will incorporate a heat recovery chamber complete with a primary passive cross flow heat recovery core. Plus, a secondary refrigeration based high efficiency reversible energy recovery evaporator/condenser coil. The integrated system will also incorporate a humidifcation system designed to operate during the winter heating season.


While single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been extensively researched in atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms, there are too few data about acute aortic dissection (AAD). The matrix metalloproteinase regulation system has shown a high biological relevance to the development of aortic aneurysms and AAD. The TIMP-1 c.T372C (rs4898, nt+434) SNP was previously associated with the onset of abdominal aortic and other aneurysms. Therefore, we chose this SNP to search for a connection with AAD and to find its place among the other risk factors. 115 patients with AAD were studied for their TIMP-1 c.T372C genotype by means of conventional restrictase analysis. To confirm the biological relevance of our findings, immunohistochemistry for TIMP-1 was performed on tissue samples from the same patients with AAD and compared with a control group of 23 autopsy cases. The TIMP-1 c.T372C showed a significant difference in allele frequency in the AAD patients compared to the general population (p < 0.0001 for both sexes). This genotype did not show any association with any other co-morbid condition, nor with age. The immunohistochemistry results also showed significantly lower TIMP-1 expression in the dissected aortas. The C allele of TIMP-1 c.T372C shows a strong association with the onset of AAD.


We provide a sequence of projections on the linear space of all sequences and connect the existence of nonuniform exponential stability to the restrictions of these projections on a class of Banach sequence spaces defined by a discrete dynamics. As a consequence, we obtain a Datko–Zabczyk type characterization of nonuniform exponential stability. We develop our analysis without any assumption on the invertibility of the dynamics, thus our results are applicable to a large class of difference equations.


Using the Gulf Cooperation Council countries as a case study, this Article outlines the ways in which gender and birth status discrimination create new cases of statelessness. These occur when women are legally unable to convey their nationality to their children. This Article studies gender and birth status discrimination in nationality laws and in civil registration, family, and criminal law in each GCC state: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Ending statelessness will require these states to end discrimination against women and non-marital children in all of its forms in law and practice.


Objective To investigate the morphological responses of enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons of submucosal plexus (SMP) in distal colon of rat models with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D). Methods Rat models with IBS-D were established with chronic unpredictable mild stress and acute wrap restrain stress (CAS). Double staining with immunohistofluorescence for colonic whole mount preparations was used to evaluate the distribution and proportion of SMP neurons expressing specific neurochemical markers [choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)] and their colocalization with anti-Hu antibody, which is the hallmark for whole enteric neurons. Results There was no obvious difference in the total numbers of anti-Hu positive neurons and ganglia between IBS-D and control group. The proportions of both VIP-immunoreactive (VIP-IR) and NOS-IR neurons in colonic SMP were higher in IBS-D rats compared with controls (62.2%±6.2% vs 55.4% ±5.4%;15.0%±4.0%vs 10.5%±2.9%, P<0.05). There was no difference in the proportion of ChAT-IR neurons between two groups. Conclusions VIP is the most specific neurotransmitter for excitatory secretomotor neurons in rat SMP, the increase of VIP-IR neurons can promote intestinal mucosal secretion, which might play an important role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of IBS with diarrhea.

Key words:
Irritable bowel syndrome; Submucosal plexus; Neurons


Effects of galanin, on reproductive hormones and histopathology of reproductive organs of rabbit was assessed by exposing adult rabbits to low, medium and high doses of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/ml per kg body weight, respectively. Adult rabbits were reared and managed separately in cages (2 x 2 x 2 m) under controlled conditions of photoperiod (12 light: 12 dark) whereas temperature was maintained at 23 ± 2 C. The measured quantities of Alfalfa fodder plant as a sole food was provided to all groups simultaneously with free access to water. The increase in the weight of testes and ovaries was recorded in males and females, respectively. The histopathological examination of gonads revealed no adverse effects, however, the significant differences in the levels of testosterone (4.21ng/dl, 4.33ng/dl, 4.57 ng/dl), estrogen (123.33 pg/ml, 135.33 pg/ml, 151.33 pg/ml) and progesterone (196.33 ng/ml, 217.00 ng/ml, 229.33 ng/ml) were recorded in the low, medium and high dose treated groups, respectively. The increase in the aggressive sexual behavior was noticed which correlated with the increase in the concentration of reproductive hormones. Galanin had no negative effects on the testes and the ovaries of rabbits but induced the production of reproductive hormones in addition to the increase in the weight of gonads.


In this paper, we demonstrate that biases in the GPS satellite antenna phase center offsets could lead to scale biases in global network solutions, which change along with the observed satellite constellation. To validate the IGS standard offset values, satellite‐specific offsets are estimated from GPS data and the network solutions are re‐adjusted with these estimates. Both the estimated offsets and the re‐adjusted network scales confirmed that the IGS standard offsets are significantly biased and produce scale changes of more than 1 ppb. From investigations of the offset inhomogeneities among satellites belonging to the same block type, it is strongly recommended that block‐type‐specific offsets used presently as IGS standard should be replaced by satellite‐specific ones.


As the obesity epidemic in children increases, it is important to consider the role of neighborhoods in supporting children's physical activity and healthy development, especially in low-income communities where obesity levels among children are higher than for their middle-income counterparts. I present a participatory and qualitative GIS approach to mapping children's own perceptions and use of their neighborhood for physical activity with ten and eleven year-olds growing up in a diverse low-income community in Denver, CO. Girls walk shorter distances to and use different types of community spaces for play and recreation from boys, some of which is explained by the differing environmental-socialization approaches employed by parents and carers. Children's perceptions of risk align spatially with features of the built environment, but do not correlate with reported crime. Results illustrate the utility of qualitative spatial analysis to understand relationships between children's perception, the built environment, and social factors that shape children's active transport, leisure, and recreation in their neighborhood. Children's local knowledge should be valued and solicited in community-level health and planning interventions to promote physical activity.


Polar Code was proposed by Turkish professor Erdal Arikan in 2006 as an idea that splitted input channel is increasing the cutoff rate. The channel polarization consisted of code sequences with symmetric high rate capacity in a given B-DMC(Binary-input Discrete Memoryless Channel) W. The symmetric capacity is the highest rate achievable subject to using the input letters of the channel with equal probability. The channel polarization is said to a set of given N independent outputs of B-DMC W. In other word, N increases when N is a set of binary-input channels {}, in I{WN(i)} as the fraction of indices is near to 1, which is approaching to I(W), and it is near to 0, then to 1-I(W), where I(W) presents high rates in reliable wireless communication channel as inputs of W with equal frequences. After all, {WN(i)} is shown to be a state of channel coding. On the based on this Polar codes, this paper analyzes Polar coding and decoding of Arikan and propose Radix4 Polar coding newly.


This paper is concerned with the behaviour of structrural properties of inclusions of von Neumann algebras obtained from tensor products. This important construction has a rich history, and we mention two particularly significant results. Given two inclusions Bi ⊆ Mi (*) (i = 1, 2) of von Neumann algebras, Tomita's commutation theorem (see [17]) determines the relative commutant of B1 ⊗ B2 in M1 ⊗ M2 showing that (B1 ⊗ B2) ∩ (M1 ⊗ M2) = (B′ 1 ∩M1) ⊗ (B′ 2 ∩M2). (1.1)


In this study, a tunable in-series multi-wavelength distributed feedback laser array (DFB-MLA) based on reconstruction-equivalent-chirp (REC) technique with simple wavelength tuning scheme is presented and experimentally demonstrated. Unlike traditional DFB laser tuned by thermal-electric cooler (TEC), the proposed laser tuned by injection current can realize faster wavelength-tuning and reduce TEC power consumption. By comparing the thermal influence of different structures of heatsink blocks, several optimized block structures are selected for appropriate thermal conductivity and controllable heat dissipation, resulting in a broad and continuous wavelength tuning range. The proposed in-series DFB-MLA on optimized heatsink achieves better tuning performance with a wavelength tuning range of ~2.4 nm per channel from 40 to 120 mA and stable output power of over 20 mW compared to the laser mounted on the standard heatsink block with the tuning range of 1.4 nm per channel. Furthermore, the tunable laser keeps good single-mode stability, with a side mode suppressing ratio (SMSR) of over 40 dB. Thus, this study provides a new perspective for designing a low-cost continuous tunable semiconductor laser with a simple tuning mechanism in the future.


Objective
To assess the clinical value of muscle-sparing subaxillary vertical small incision in thoracotomy.

Methods
Clinical data of 81 patients with thoracotomy treated in the People's Hospital of Huaibei City from March 2011 to May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into subaxillary vertical small incision grourp (44 patients) and conventional surgery group(37 patients)according to the surgerytype. Incision length, operative time, blood loss, the incidence of postoperation pull out the chest tube, get out of bed time, length of stay, the dosage of analgesic and postoperative complications of postoperative patient were compared. The data were analyzed using t test and χ2 test.

Results
The patients were successfully comperformed surgery. MSVI group of patients with incision length(10.64±1.43)cm, postoperative bed stay (1.14±0.47)d, hospitalizational days(9.16±1.89)d and the dosage of tramadol(160.23±45.21)mg were obviously shorter than conventional posterolateral thoracotomy with(21.95±2.50)cm, (2.36±0.71)d, (12.22±1.90)d and (274.32±66.27)mg, respectively(all P values 0.05).

Conclusions
MSVI thoracotomy can reduce the damage of thoracotomy , postoperative pain, and can speed up postoperative recovery of patients, it is safe and feasible.

Key words:
Thoracic surgical procedures; Thoracic neoplasms; Thoracic diseases; Subaxillary vertical small incision; Muscle-sparing thoracotomy


This paper establishes the global existence and high‐gain stabilization of a nonlinear axially moving beam with control input at the free boundary. A high‐gain controller based on the transverse velocity feedbacks of the moving beam at the free end is designed. The existence and uniqueness of the solution depending on the initial values continuously for the resulting closed‐loop system are established by invoking the Faedo–Galerkin approximation approach. Then constructing a novel energy‐like function, the explicit exponential decay rate of the closed‐loop system is obtained via a generalized Gronwall‐type integral inequality.


We investigate how stochastic asset price dynamics with herding and financial constraints explains the presence of a period of financial distress (PFD) following the peak and preceding the crash of a bubble [Charles P. Kindleberger, Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crisis, 4th ed. (New York: Wiley, 2000, Appendix B)] as common among most major historical speculative bubbles. Simulations show that the PFD is due to (1) agents' wealth distribution dynamics and (2) positive and sufficiently high transaction costs generating losses for a significant mass of the agents' distribution after the peak of the bubble. The use of transaction costs to get the result is only a modeling tool. Many other mechanisms—able to generate losses for a large mass of the agents' distribution in periods in which financial constraints bind—can produce the same result. The paper also shows how the PFD is affected by a variation of the sensitivity of price to the excess demand and by the switching strategy.


On the basis of the introduction of development status of mine filling technology,simulation of feasible filling scheme was carried out with virtual reality technology,and the key technologies including 3D solid modeling,filling process demonstration and filling effect comparison were discussed.In the meantime,the importance and the realistic meaning of design and selection of filling scheme using 3D simulation of filling in coal mine were described.In the pre-planning of filling scheme,application of visualized 3D simulation technology overcame the disadvantage of low visualization degree,which not only make the filling scheme design more intuitive and more pellucid,but also provide one new method for the spread and application of filling in the coal mine in the future.


Diabetes mellitus frequently results in Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), which results in lesions on the retina that impact on vision. Blindness may result if it is not caught in time. Unfortunately, there is no cure for DR treatment merely preserves vision. Early diagnosis and treatment of DR can greatly lower the risk of visual loss. In contrast to computer-aided diagnosis technologies, the manual diagnosis of DR retina fundus images by ophthalmologists is costly, time-consuming, and prone to error. Deep learning has recently risen to prominence as one of the most popular methods for improving performance, particularly in the categorization and interpretation of medical images. Convolutional neural networks are more frequently utilized in medical picture analysis as a deep learning technique since they are extremely. The most cutting-edge ways for classifying and detecting DR colour fundus photos using deep learning techniques have been explored and examined for this paper. Additionally, the colour fundus retina DR datasets have been examined. There are also discussions on several complex subjects that demand further research.


Energy risks carry systematic e¤ects in the cross-section of equity portfolios and individual stocks. Using a recursive framework, we endogenously derive expected returns from investors'preferences for uncertainty and expectations about distress states of the economy, which we estimate from the crude oil options market. Increasing distress risks decrease …rms'energy usage, triggering an ampli…cation mechanism that impact expected returns. We empirically con…rm this channel, stocks with lower exposure to energy risks exhibit higher returns months ahead, indicating that investors demand extra compensation to hold these assets. Energy risk exposure remains signi…cant after controlling for stock market, commodity-speci…c and global risk factors, as well as abnormal media coverage. With the …nancialization of commodities stock return predictability increases, strengthening the commodity-equity markets link. JEL Classi…cation: G12, G13


A 2-cylinder type linear compressor is provided to fix a second piston to an intake muffler mounted at a rear part of a first piston when disposing the two pistons are disposed at the opposite sides, thereby simplifying the coupling of the pistons in relative careful conditions and preventing abrasion between the pistons and cylinders. A 2-cylinder type linear compressor includes a linear motor mounted with inner and outer stators with a predetermined distance from each other in the radial direction and a moving element reciprocating between the stators. A first cylinder is mounted to the inner stator, and a second cylinder is mounted with a predetermined distance from the first one. A first piston(132) is inserted into the first cylinder for forming a first compression chamber, and a second piston(142) is inserted into the second cylinder for moving in the opposite direction from the first piston to form a second compression chamber. An intake muffler(135) is mounted between the pistons for guiding refrigerant to one of the pistons.


In this paper,the technical characteristics and application field of each current FPSO turret mooring systems are systemically summarized.To seek for its future development trend,some new type turret mooring systems are expounded and hot topic on turret mooring systems is discussed.


Objective. The objective of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of tension-free mesh and sutured repairs in incisional hernia surgery. Patients & methods: Between September 2004 and December 2007, a randomized controlled study had been conducted in two main hospitals in Hadhramout-Yemen in which 415 patients with primary incisional hernias were randomly allocated to either suture or mesh repair. The primary outcome measure was hernia recurrence. The secondary outcome measures were operative time, patients' comfort, analgesic requirement, hospital stay, rehabilitation, and complications. The patients were followed up for 3 years. Result: The recurrence rate was 4.3% in the mesh group and 27.5 % in the sutured group. The patients in the mesh group have prolonged operative time (61.16 minutes vs 59.13 minutes), but shorter hospital stay (2.8 days comparable with 3.1days), and earlier return to normal activities (23.8 days vs 26.6 days). Sutured repair showed greater levels of pain (p<0.001,and more consumption of parenteral (93.7% vs 65.4%) and oral analgesics (63.8% versus 38%). The post-operative complications were comparable in both groups except, in the sutured group more patients, presented with chronic pain, (13.0% versus 4.3%). Conclusion: Tension-free repair of incisional hernia is safe and effective. It is associated with lower recurrence rate, lesser postoperative pain, lesser consumption of analgesic drugs, and earlier rehabilitation, than sutured repair. *Corresponding author: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum


Welcome to the page, whether you are a new reader or returning reader, we are exiting to have you with us for a promising peer-reviewing, open access journal and is one of the leading Journal in the field of Multiple Sclerosis Journals as per Google ranking. The Journal aims to publish articles on the topic of Multiple Sclerosis under Neuroscience area and its applied fields.


Parallel to the changes which have been described in the metabolism of dormant storage tissue during "aging", a several-fold increase in fatty acid synthetase activity and a change in the pattern of fatty acid synthesis was observed in aging potato disks. These changes occur very early in the aging process. Their significance is discussed.


In the asymptotic limit of a large Ginzburg-Landau parameter, we give a new asymptotic formula for the $L^2$-norm of the Ginzburg-Landau order parameter. The formula is valid in the bulk regime where the intensity of the applied magnetic field is of the same order as the Ginzburg-Landau parameter and strictly below the second critical field. Our formula complements the celebrated one of Sandier-Serfaty for the $L^4$-norm.


The spectral responsivity of a photometer is usually measured using very narrow optical excitations, provided by a monochromator or a tuneable laser. This article describes a technique to measure the spectral responsivity using an arbitrary number of optical excitations having any type of spectral distribution. The problem is formulated as an inverse problem which is solved using a probabilistic approach based on Bayes' theorem. The method requires a prior knowledge of the spectral responsivity, which can be proportional to the standard photopic function, with an uncertainty level related to the spectral match index of the photometer. Using this method, the estimation can be performed from data provided by a simple experimental set-up. The numerical application provides a stable and unique solution to the inverse problem, along with the estimation uncertainties. Using a tuneable LED source, the method was applied to an illuminance measurement head, giving an estimation of its spectral responsivity from 380 to 780 nm with a step of 1 nm. The results were in good agreement with data obtained by a monochromator-based technique. Our measurement had larger uncertainties towards the red and blue limits of the spectrum as the light source provided very little light at these wavelengths.


In the title compound, [Mn(C12H8N6)3](ClO4)2·2CHCl3, the MnII ion is chelated by three 1,10-phenanthroline molecules in a twisted octahedral coordination geometry. In the crystal structure, there are intermolecular π–π interactions between adjacent phenanthroline rings.


This chapter describes the most useful traces used for image and video processing history recovery, and the main forensic techniques that are based on them. The important traces are those relying on specific properties of the encoding process. However, coding artifacts are rarely the only trace of processing. Editing operations, like resizing and colour enhancement, are commonly applied to both images and video. First, the chapter introduces the existing approaches used in the forensic literature to reveal the presence of coding and editing artifacts. Then, it explains how to employ such tools to recover several parameters characterizing the processing history. The chapter presents two case studies, showing possible applications of processing history recovery to tamper detection. It shows how the illustrated forensic techniques can be applied in realistic settings to partly recover the processing history, and how this information can provide useful hints about the authenticity of the analysed media.


With the development of virtual tourism in China,domestic correlative researches are also increasing.Based on the most two authoritative Chinese journal databases,through searching relevant literatures on virtual tourism,setting and analyzing,this paper mainly introduces four aspects from the concept of virtual tourism,technology system of virtual tourism,planning and marketing of virtual attractions and virtual tourism teaching.In the end,it briefly summarizes the existing problems on virtual tourism research in order to provide reference for future research.


Abstract Eco-design packaging is a potential tool to reduce food waste. However, the absence of a theoretical basis regarding the relationships between eco-design packaging and consumer food waste behavior obscures the social impact of this packaging. This study assesses research linking eco-design packaging and food waste avoidance from a consumer perspective. The authors analyze 22 articles in top-tier journals, and conclude that consumer perceptions of eco-design packaging could reduce food waste. Results lead to a conceptual model of the mechanism whereby consumer perceptions of eco-design packaging influence food waste avoidance intentions.


OBJECTIVE:It is found that the smoking rate of schizophrenia patients is higher than common population in clinic,so is the nicotinic dependency level. To summarize the progression of schizophrenia and smoking behavior in this paper. DATA SOURCES:A computer-based online search in HighWire Press was undertaken for related articles of schizophrenia and smoking published in English between 1844 and 2006 with the key words of "schizophrenia,smoking". Meanwhile,we searched VIP database for related articles between 1989 and 2006 with the same key words in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION:Inclusive criteria:articles about the relationship between smoking and schizophrenia or the related influencing factors and internal mechanisms. Exclusive criteria:review articles. DATA EXTRACTION:The data were selected firstly,and the references of each article were looked up. A total of 30 articles met the inclusive criteria were collected,which referred to the smoking condition of schizophrenia,nicotine dependence,the influence of smoking on schizophrenia and probable mechanisms of high smoking rate. DATA SYNTHESIS:There was correlation between schizophrenia and smoking behavior. The age of smoking initiation was earlier than the age of onset,and the disease would not cause them to learn smoking,but aggravating the nicotine dependence level. Smoking also influenced the negative symptoms,positive symptoms and cognition,and it was consistent that smoking could relieve the cognitive impairment of schizophrenia. But smoking could degrade the blood level of antipsychotic,and interruption of smoking might induce or aggravate adverse reaction of some antipsychotic. A few perspective studies regarded smoking behavior as a dangerous factor and got a relative risk,but the outcomes were quite different. CONCLUSION:Smoking behavior and schizophrenia influence each other,and smoking maybe exist as one of inner-phenotypes of schizophrenia. But it is not clear what the mechanism is; the study about nicotinic receptor gene should be a breakthrough and yet need to be confirmed.


CHRONIC seromucinous otitis media is a condition of the middle ear in which the mucosal lining is said to show a change from a flattened endo-thelial-like membrane to a columnar ciliated membrane Senturia demonstrated histological evidence of an inflammatory change in the mucosal lining and and support an inflammatory origin in a cytological study on the secretions from twenty-eight children with seromucinous otitis media. A sterile effusion forms within the middle ear.