Bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma are aggressive, osteolytic lesions that often require operative intervention for fracture prophylaxis, fracture fixation or palliation. The lesions are hypervascular and intraoperative bleeding is a serious challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of preoperative tumour embolization in reducing blood loss during operative management of renal cell carcinoma metastases to bone. Patients were identified from a prospectively accumulated database (1996–2006). Inclusion criteria included operative management for renal cell metastasis to the pelvis or appendicular skeleton. Patients that were not embolised preoperatively due to renal insufficiency or obesity were excluded. Embolizations were performed the day of surgery by an interventional radiologist. Post-embolization runs were used to determine the percentage of blood flow reduction to the tumour. Variables analyzed included patient age, gender, location of tumour, surgical procedure, surgical time, number of units of packed red blood cells (PRBC) transfused, estimated intraoperative blood loss (EBL) and percentage embolised according to the post-embolization run. Student's t-test was used to determine the effects of percentage embolization on EBL and number of units of transfused PRBCs. Thirty-five cases (twenty-eight patients) met the inclusion criteria. There were twenty males and eight females with an average age of sixty-five years (range, forty-three to eighty-nine years). The most common metastatic sites were the femur (nineteen cases), humerus (seven cases) and pelvis (six cases). There were ten cases of intramedullary nailing and twenty-five cases of tumor resection and reconstruction. Average surgical time was 4.5 hours (range, 0.75–10 hours) and average EBL was 1.5 litres (range, 0.25–12 litres). Embolization that successfully blocked at least 75% of the blood flow to the tumour significantly decreased surgical EBL (3.2 vs 0.6 litres, P Preoperative embolization significantly reduces blood loss and red blood cell transfusions resulting from surgical stabilization of renal cell metastases to bone. Close communication between the orthopaedic surgeon and interventional radiologist is imperative to maximise these benefits.


In this paper, we report the implementation and measured performance of our extreme-scale whole planetary ring simulation code on Sunway TaihuLight and two PEZY-SC2 systems: Shoubu System B and Gyoukou. The numerical algorithm is the parallel Barnes-Hut tree algorithm, which has been used in many large-scale astrophysical particle-based simulations. Our implementation is based on our FDPS framework. However, the extremely large numbers of cores of the systems used (10 M on TaihuLight and 16 M on Gyoukou) and their relatively poor memory and network bandwidth pose new challenges. We describe the new algorithms introduced to achieve high efficiency on machines with low memory bandwidth. The measured performance is 47.9, 10.6 PF, and 1.01PF on TaihuLight, Gyoukou and Shoubu System B (efficiency 40%, 23.5% and 35.5%). The current code is developed for the simulation of planetary rings, but most of the new algorithms are useful for other simulations, and are now available in the FDPS framework.


The identity of the major protein in tanglelike inclusions associated with both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig's disease, and a common family of brain-wasting disorders known as frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTD) has been revealed. In recent years, researchers have been finding protein-based tangles and plaques in tissue associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Identifying the proteins in these cellular inclusions has, in some cases, opened pathways toward therapeutic targets. There are no treatments for ALS or FTD, says research leader Virginia M. Y. Lee of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "To have this molecular dentity is incredibly important" for understanding and perhaps treating these conditions, comments neurodegenerative disease researcher Michael Hutton of the Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, in Florida. Lee's team used biochemical and antibody-based methods to isolate, characterize, and identify TDP-43 as the protein ...


The paper estimates own and cross price compensated and uncompensated elasticities and expenditure elasticities for North West Frontier Province using socio-economic and demographic factors flexible LA-AIDS model using HIES 2004-05 data. All the estimated models were statistically significant. The demand for wheat, fruits, vegetables, milk and cooking oil were inelastic while elastic for rice, meat and other food. All the commodities were normal while rice, fruits, meat and other food products were found to be expenditure elastic as compared to wheat, vegetables, milk and cooking oil. Hicksian own and cross price elasticities closely followed the Marshallian elasticities.


In this paper we deal with the initial-boundary value problem for chemotaxis-fluid model involving more complicated nonlinear coupling term, precisely, the following self-consistent system \begin{document}$\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{n_t} + u \cdot \nabla n = \Delta {n^m} - \nabla \cdot (n\nabla c) + \nabla \cdot (n\nabla \phi ), \;\;\;\;\;\;(x, t) \in \Omega \times (0, T), \\{c_t} + u \cdot \nabla c = \Delta c - nc, \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;(x, t) \in \Omega \times (0, T), \\{u_t} + (u \cdot \nabla )u + \nabla P = \Delta u - n\nabla \phi + n\nabla c, \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;(x, t) \in \Omega \times (0, T), \\\nabla \cdot u = 0, \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;(x, t) \in \Omega \times (0, T), \end{array} \right.$ \end{document} where \begin{document}$Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^2$\end{document} is a bounded domain with smooth boundary. The novelty here is that both the effect of gravity (potential force) on cells and the effect of the chemotactic force on fluid is considered, which leads to the stronger coupling than usual chemotaxis-fluid model studied in the most existing literatures. To the best of our knowledge, there is no global solvability result on this chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system in the past works. It is proved in this paper that global weak solutions exist whenever \begin{document}$m>1$\end{document} and the initial data is suitably regular. This extends a result by Di Francesco, Lorz and Markowich (Discrete Cont. Dyn. Syst. A 28 (2010)) which asserts global existence of weak solutions under the constraint \begin{document}$m∈(\frac{3}{2}, 2]$\end{document} in the corresponding Stokes-type simplified system.


Johan Rockstrom is Associate Professor of Natural Resources Management at Stockholm University, Sweden, and Executive Director of the Stockholm Environment Institute and the Stockholm Resilience Centre. His research focuses on global environmental change and development issues, global water resources research, resilience and sustainability science, and integrated soil and water management in tropical agro-ecosystems. Rockstrom serves as a scientific advisor in several international organizations, and is involved in several research projects across scales, from resilience and global change processes to water management systems for improved food security among small-holder farmers in semi-arid savannah environments of sub-Saharan Africa.


Modern macroeconomics seeks to explain the aggregate economy using the ories based on strong microeconomic foundations. This is in contrast to the traditional Keynesian approach to macroeconomics, which is based on ad hoc theorizing about the relations between macroeconomic aggregates. In modern macroeconomics the economy is portrayed as a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) system that reflects the collective decisions of rational indi viduals over a range of variables that relate to both the present and the future. These individual decisions are then coordinated through markets to produce the macroeconomy. The economy is viewed as being in continuous equilibrium in the sense that, given the information available, people make decisions that appear to be optimal for them, and so do not knowingly make persistent mis takes. This is also the sense in which behavior is said to be rational. Errors, when they occur, are attributed to information gaps, such as unanticipated shocks to the economy. A distinction commonly drawn is between short-run and long-run equilibria. The economy is assumed to be always in short-run equilibrium. The long run, or the steady state, is a mathematical property of the macroeconomic model that describes its path when all past shocks have fully worked through the system. This can be either a static equilibrium, in which all variables are constant, or, more generally, a growth equilibrium, in which in the absence of shocks, there is no tendency for the economy to depart from a given path, usually one in which the main macroeconomic aggregates grow at the same rate. It is not, therefore, the economy that is assumed to be in long-run equilibrium, but the macroeconomic model. The (short-run or long-run) equilibrium is described as general because all variables are assumed to be simultaneously in equilibrium, not just some of them, or a particular market, which is a situation known as partial equilibrium. Individual decisions are assumed to be based on maximizing the discounted sum of current and future expected welfare subject to preferences and four con straints: budget or resource constraints, endowments, the available technology, and information. A central issue in DSGE macroeconomics is the intertemporal Copyrighted Material 2 1. Introduction nature of decisions: whether to consume today or save today in order to con sume in the future. This entails being able to transfer today's income for future use, or future income for today's use. These transfers may be achieved by …


Simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometic methods for quantitative determination of four drugs viz., Levofloxacin (LEV), Moxifloxacin (MOX), Pseudo Ephidrine (PSE), Torsemide (TOR) have been developed based on oxidation of the drugs by alk.KMnO4. Kinetics of the oxidation reaction is followed spectrophotometrically, as one of the reaction product, Mn(VI), absorbed at 610 nm. Initial rate and fixed time method are used for the construction of calibration curves Beer's law is obeyed in the range 6.25-37.5 µg ml -1 for LEV; 5-30 µg ml -1 for MOX; 6.25-37.5 µg ml -1 for PSE and 2.5-15 µg ml -1 for TOR. Recovery studies using pure samples and pharmulations in the Beer's Law limits have been carried out. Excellent recoveries indicate the methods are accurate and precise. The methods have been validated in terms of ICH guidelines. Statistical analysis in terms of student's t- test and variance F- tests demonstrate high accuracy and precision and suggest the methods can be applied in bulk drug and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Spectrophotometry, Determination, Drugs, KMnO4. Torsemide chemically 3-(4-((3-methylphenyl) amino) pyridin-3-yl)sulfonyl-1-propan-2-ylurea (Fig.1 d), is a loop diuretic mainly used in the management of edema associated withcongestive heart failure. It is also used at low doses for the management of hypertension (24,25).Hydrotropy phenomenon is considered as a unique technique by which solubility for sparinglysoluble solute under normal conditions increase in the several folds(26).


Deafness is the disability to hear sounds usually due to malfunctioning of cochlear cells. These cells are responsible for deafness. If inner ear or auditory nerve is involved in causing deafness it is..


Hyperspectral infrared atmospheric sounders (e.g. the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on Aqua and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on MetOp) provide highly accurate temperature and water vapor profiles in the lower to upper troposphere. These systems are vital operational components of our National Weather Prediction system and the AIRS has demonstrated over 6 hrs of forecast improvement on the 5 day operational forecast1. Despite the success in the mid troposphere to lower stratosphere, a reduction in sensitivity and accuracy has been seen in these systems in the boundary layer over land. In this paper we demonstrate the potential improvement associated with higher spatial resolution (1km vs currently 13.5 km) on the accuracy of boundary layer products with an added consequence of higher yield of cloud free scenes. This latter feature is related to the number of samples that can be assimilated and has also shown to have a significant impact on improving forecast accuracy. We also present a set of frequencies and resolutions that will improve vertical resolution of temperature and water vapor and trace gas species throughout the atmosphere. Development of an Advanced Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Sounder (ALS) with these improvements will improve weather forecast at the regional scale and of tropical storms and hurricanes. Improvements are also expected in the accuracy of the water vapor and cloud properties products, enhancing process studies and providing a better match to the resolution of future climate models. The improvements of technology required for the ALS are consistent with the current state of technology as demonstrated in NASA Instrument Incubator Program and NOAA's Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) formulation phase development programs.


The ambulatory electrvcardiographic (ECG) rrronila is a device developed approximately 30 years ago to detect, locate and doenmeni hemodynamic insutric.eaey states in target organs with rwmprumised regional arterial circulations . These Insufficiency states are usually silent until they are suddenly predpitated by secondary remark, hemodynamicalfy significant cardiac arrhythmiss, hvpotensive states caused by internal hwnerrhuge or reduced cardiac output including cardtagenle shack. Insutklency events cause serious regional dysfunction, resulting in transitory or permanent damage of the remote target organs (brain, heart, splenrhale and renal) often causing paralytic ileus, gngrene of lie god or rectum, myocardial infarction or cerebral stroke.


SUMMARYFeulgen-DNA cytophotometry has been used to analyze matings between compatible haploid and polyploid myxamoebae of the plasmodial slime mould Didymium iridis. The polyploid myxamoebae used in this investigation included both a naturally occurring isolate and three isolates which had been induced to become polyploids by treating the parental haploid isolates with the mitotic inhibitor isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (CIPC). Regardless of the source of the polyploid parent, the maximum frequency of heterokaryon formation attained was approximately 40 percent; however, the frequency at which the heterokaryons were converted to zygotes was substantially lower in the case of the CIPC-induced polyploids than it was with the naturally occurring polyploid isolate. With the naturally occurring polyploid the maximum frequency of zygote formation was 32 percent, whereas the maximum frequency of zygote formation varied from 10 to 18 percent with the CIPC-induced polyploids. On the basis of these experim...


Undertaking econometric modelling using samples from small populations such as Indigenous Australians, is difficult because of the data constraints facing both the researcher and the data collection agency. This paper uses the ABS's Remote Access Data Laboratory to analyse an expanded unit record file that is only available in this form. The following analysis of the 2002 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey illustrates how expanded unit record files can be used to replicate and extend existing research. In addition to confirming earlier research, the crucial importance of the early interactions with the criminal justice for perpetrating Indigenous employment disadvantage is also highlighted.


We present magnetic torque measurements on the quasi-two-dimensional organic superconductor $\ensuremath{\kappa}$-(BEDT-TTF)${}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{NCS}{)}_{2}$ at low temperature ${T/T}_{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.01$. The irreversible field ${H}_{\mathrm{irr}}$ lies far below the upper critical field ${H}_{c2}$ even at $T\ensuremath{\simeq}0.$ In the magnetic field region, ${H}_{\mathrm{irr}}l~Hl~{H}_{c2},$ a vortex liquid state exists even at $T\ensuremath{\simeq}0,$ resulting from the quantum fluctuations instead of the contribution of the thermal one at higher temperature. This finding is explained as the quantum vortex liquid state driven by the quantum fluctuations from the different theoretical models. In the liquid state, de Haas\char21{}van Alphen oscillations are observed, and ${H}_{c2}$ is defined by the appearance of the additional damping on the oscillation amplitude.


Naval electric power equipment, as well as commercial machines, may be reduced in size and weight by the development of new silicone insulating materials. Tests are still in progress which indicate that fire and arc resisting products will be obtained that can also meet other Navy specifications.


We investigated the magnetic properties of a (110)-oriented Fe/Cr multilayer of the form V(110) / (12 A Fe / 260 A Cr)15/12 A Fe/100 A Cr consisting of 260 A thick Cr layers and 12 A thick Fe layers which were grown epitaxially on a V(110) single crystal. The easy axis of magnetization is the [001] direction as determined by polarized neutron reflectometry. Neutron diffraction data reveal that the commensurate spin density wave is the stable phase at 300 K and the Cr magnetic moments are aligned perpendicular to [001]. When rotating the Fe magnetization from the easy axis into the in-plane hard-axis direction [10] by applying a magnetic field of 4500 Oe the intensity of the commensurate Cr(001) peak decreases by a factor of 2. This can be interpreted as a simultaneous rotation of the Fe and Cr moments pinned together in its initial perpendicular orientation.


In this paper, a high power relativistic backward wave oscillator (BWO) experiment is reported. A 230 kV, 2 kA, and 150 ns relativistic electron beam source is developed using a Marx generator. The beam is then injected into a hollow rippled wall metallic cylindrical tube that forms a slow wave structure (SWS). A BWO is a slow wave structure in the form of a rippled wall wave-guide and is used as a source of high power microwave generation when excited by a relativistic electron beam (REB). The beam is guided using an axial pulsed magnetic field having, the duration 1 ms and strength being 1.0 Tesla, respectively. This field is generated by discharge of a capacitor bank into a solenoidal coil. A synchronization circuit ensures the generation of the electron beam at the instant when the axial magnetic field attains its peak value. The electron beam interacts with the SWS waveguide modes and generates microwaves due to Cherenkov interaction. Estimated power of ~2 MW in TM01 mode is observed.


Inflation and deflation, in Economics, are terms used to describe a decrease or an increase in the value of money in relation to the quantity of goods and services that you can buy with that money. The Consumer Price Index (IPC) is a number-index that indicates the evolution of inflation/deflation of families within the standard of living and rational behavior of consumption. The IPC measures the variation of prices, within a period of time, of the consumption of goods and services by families within a salary range, based on the comparison of the consumption situation in the current moment with that of the immediately preceding moment. The present study aimed to develop software for calculating the IPC, using the Divisia index. The results can be considered good when compared to the ones calculated by FIPE, concerning the city of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul (IPC/ CG), showing a correlation coefficient of 0.904 in the period considered.


The effect of changing the volume of cerebro‐spinal fluid (CSF) before spinal anaesthesia with 3 ml of isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine was investigated in 60 elderly (58–77 years) orthopaedic or urological patients. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups. They received the spinal anaesthetic either with or without the aspiration of 3 ml of CSF. In the third group a mixture of 3 ml of aspirated CSF and 3 ml of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine was given. Pin‐prick analgesia and motor block were tested during the induction and recovery. The only statistically significant difference between the groups was in the time‐lag from administration to maximum spread of pin‐prick analgesia, which was shortest in the group without aspiration (mean 19.5 min, other groups 29–30 min). The mean maximum level of analgesia was T6‐T7 in each group. The anaesthesia was satisfactory in most cases. One death occurred because of a massive pulmonary embolism. The clinical significance of aspirating CSF before attempting spinal anaesthesia with 3 ml of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine was found to be small.


Materials and Methods A total of 184 nursing students were recruited by simple random sampling. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, the Internet Abusive Use Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey. Data were analyzed by the SPSS-18 software using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The abusive use of the Internet in nursing students was lower than the average level. There was a positive correlation between Internet abusive use and academic burnout (r = 0.305, p < 0.001), but there was a negative correlation between Internet abusive use and academic performance (r = −0.478, p < 0.001). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that Internet abusive use could predict the variance of academic burnout and academic performance. Conclusions Internet abusive use was correlated with increased academic burnout and decreased academic performance in nursing students. Educational interventions are required to increase students' awareness of the consequences of Internet abusive use.


Continuous measurement of the flow velocity and flow rate in a river during a flood is required, but there is no effective measurement technique yet. An ultrasonic flow velocimeter is useful for evaluating the flow rate of a river in the normal velocity range, but it is known that the measurement of the flow velocity is difficult during a flood. In this paper, we present the quantitative estimation results of ultrasound transmission characteristics for river flow measurement. From the field and laboratory experiments, the increase of background noise and attenuation of the sound due to bubbles are the largest problem for the velocity measurement during a rainfall flood. Each bubble of about 1/3 radius of a falling water drop is generated during rainfall, and seems to generate microbubbles of up to about 1/30 radius of a water drop, simultaneously.


Depth estimation is the precondition in obstacle avoidance for mobile robots. To improve the obstacle detecting effectiveness and quickness in poor-textured backgrounds, we used the centroid abscissa difference of corresponding obstacle region in image pairs as parallax to estimate obstacle depth. The error of parallax and depth were studied analytically and numerically. Wood blocks of different shapes and sizes were used for demonstrating the relationship between estimated depth and actual depth. A quadratic function model was obtained after experiments. Although the depth estimation error was relatively higher compared to conventional grayscale correlation-based method, the proposed method was expected to satisfy the accuracy requirement of depth estimation for common mobile robots.


The liquid phase adsorption and reaction of a range of organo-sulfur compounds with ground iron powder were studied in the temperature range 25–170 C. The reactivity of organic disulfides was found to increase along the series: Monosulfides and mercaptans were found to be less reactive than the corresponding disulfides. A mechanism of reaction of these organo-sulfur compounds with the metal surface has been derived. This mechanism has confirmed the authors' earlier proposed mechanism of load-carrying action of organo-sulfur compounds as extreme pressure (EP) additives, but has resulted in a modification of the authors' proposed mechanism of antiwear (AW) action of these additives. This study has also indicated the temperature at which organo-disulfides function as EP additives. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASME/ASLE International Lubrication Conference held in New York City, October 9–12, 1972


Fabrication of three-layer Si structure MEMS piezoresistive acceleration sensitive chips by BCB bonding is carried out. Bonding with Benzo-cyclo-butene( BCB) is suitable for MEMS wafer level packaging because of its low process temperature and low requirement for surface. But viscosity of BCB reduce and liquidity increase while the temperature rise,BCB flows along the micro-gaps due to the capillary-effect,which leads to conglutination of movable structure and failure of the device. By controlling thickness of BCB,and adding overcome groove resolve problem of conglutination of movable structure three-layer Si structure acceleration chips is fabricated. Cell samples is tested,bonding shear strength is more than 20MPa and hemeticity is less than 1. 0 ×10- 10Pa·m3/s,which meets requirement for fields such as aviation,industry and consumptive device.


A complete analysis of the statistical issues related to the estimation of a bilinear form, one of the fundamental problems in computer vision, is presented. It is shown why already at moderate noise levels most available techniques fail to provide a satisfactory solution. A new estimation procedure is proposed in which the nonlinear nature of the errors are taken into account and the implementation uses the generalized singular value decomposition for superior numerical behavior. As an example, the ellipse fitting problem is discussed, and the performance of the new algorithm is compared with thecurrent state-of-the-art.


Objective To investigate whether in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) inflammation is associated with lower trabecular bone density (TBD), and subsequently, if a lower TBD increases the likelihood of 2-year bone formation at the same vertebra. Methods Whole spine (C3–L5) data from patients included in the multicentre 2-year Sensitive Imaging in Ankylosing Spondylitis cohort was used. Two readers measured baseline TBD by Hounsfield units (HU) on low-dose CT (ldCT). Baseline MRI bone marrow oedema (BME) status scores and ldCT syndesmophyte formation and/or growth change-from-baseline scores were assessed by three and two readers, respectively. Average of readers' continuous measurements or readers' agreement in binary scores generated within the same vertebra (1—present in ≥1 quadrant/0—absent in all quadrants) were used. Multilevel generalised estimating equations models were used, the unit of analysis being the vertebra. Results In 50 patients with r-axSpA, TBD HU decreased from cranial to caudal vertebrae. Baseline MRI-BME was present in 300/985 (30%) and syndesmophytes in 588/910 (65%) vertebrae, both most prevalent at thoracolumbar region. Syndesmophyte formation or growth was observed in 18% of at-risk vertebrae (124/691). A significant confounder-adjusted association was found between inflammation and lower TBD (regression coefficient=−51; 95% CI−63 to −39). TBD was not associated with 2-year syndesmophyte formation or growth (adjusted OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.00). Conclusion In r-axSpA, while vertebral inflammation was associated with lower vertebral TBD, lower vertebral TBD itself did not increase the risk for new bone formation at the same vertebra. In preventing syndesmophyte progression, targeting local inflammation seems more important than targeting vertebral trabecular bone loss.


C17H16FeN4O7, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 7.696(5) Å, b = 17.96(1) Å, c = 12.778(9) Å, ' = 102.001(2)°, V = 1727.7 Å, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.045, wRref(F) = 0.118, T = 296 K. Source of material A mixture of FeSO4 · 7H2O (0.028 g, 0.1 mmol), 5-isonicotinamidoisophthalic acid (H2L, 0.028 g, 0.1 mmol), NaOH (0.081 g, 0.2 mmol), imidazol (Him, 0.007 g, 0.1 mmol), CH3CH2OH (4 mL) and H2O (6 mL) was sealed in a 15 ml Teflon-lined stainless steel reactor, which was heated at 393 K for 72 h and then cooled to room temperature. Red needle-like crystals of the title compound were collected. Experimental details H atoms were placed geometrically and treated as riding with d(C—H) = 0.93 Å, d(O—H) = 0.85 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2 Ueq(C,O). Discussion In recent years, much interest in transition metal complex assembly has been devoted to the development of rational synthetic routes to novel one-, twoand three-dimensional crystal frameworks, due to their potential applications in many areas [1]. Particularly, iron(II) complexes with the heterocycle carboxylate have been investigated rarely to date [2-4]. However, it is well known that carboxylate pyridine as well as the amide groups have good coordination capacity [5-8]. In the title compound, the central Fe(II) ion is six-coordinated by two N atoms from the Him and one L ligand, three carboxylate O atoms from two L ligands and one O atom from water in a distorted octahedral arrangement. Furthermore, two carboxylate and one pyridine groups of the L ligand interconnect three Fe(II) atoms. The carboxylate groups of L ligand adopt bidentate chelating and mono-dentate modes, to interlink the title complexes into an infinite layer structure. The layers generate 3D frameworks architecture through O–H···O as well as N–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions. Z. Kristallogr. NCS 226 (2011) 25-26 / DOI 10.1524/ncrs.2011.0013 25 © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München Crystal: red needle, size 0.10 × 0.16 × 0.22 mm Wavelength: Mo K( radiation (0.71073 Å) +: 9.26 cm−1 Diffractometer, scan mode: Bruker SMART CCD, "/$ 2)max: 50.48° N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique: 8698, 3113 Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt: Iobs > 2 &(Iobs), 2581 N(param)refined: 263 Programs: SHELXS-97, SHELXL-97 [9] Table 1. Data collection and handling. H(2A) 4e 0.2742 0.3717 −0.0335 0.031 H(4) 4e 0.5779 0.3947 0.2601 0.031 H(6) 4e 0.3072 0.5700 0.1134 0.033 H(11) 4e 0.0589 0.4916 −0.2800 0.061 H(12) 4e −0.1152 0.5169 −0.4433 0.056 H(13) 4e −0.2521 0.7071 −0.3448 0.049 H(14) 4e −0.0835 0.6873 −0.1782 0.047 H(15) 4e 0.7139 0.6503 0.1988 0.040 H(16) 4e 1.0089 0.6667 0.1551 0.051 H(17) 4e 1.0629 0.6566 0.4692 0.055 H(2) 4e 0.1338 0.4719 −0.1216 0.037 H(4A) 4e 1.2148 0.6700 0.3262 0.066 H(1WB) 4e 0.3367 0.6014 0.4572 0.042 H(1WA) 4e 0.4240 0.5809 0.5510 0.042 H(2WB) 4e 0.6815 0.2625 0.3333 0.084 H(2WA) 4e 0.6788 0.2990 0.4279 0.084 Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in Å). Atom Site x y z Uiso


Approximately 55 genera and 75 species of plant microfossils are illustrated and described from the Kitsilano Formation of southwestern British Columbia. The general composition of the flora suggests a humid, warm temperate climate prevailed at time of deposition. Previous work on plant megafossils indicates a late Eocene to possibly early Oligocene age. Plant microfossils recovered in this study support a probable middle to late Eocene age for the Kitsilano Formation.


Substantial quantities of water are being pumped from the Morrison Formation of Late Jurassic age in uranium mines in the Grants mineral belt in northwestern New Mexico. The water often contains unacceptable amounts of dissolved uranium, radium, iron, and selenium and suspended solids, but with treatment it can be made suitable for municipal and industrial purposes. Water salvaged from current and projected mining operations constitutes the most readily available water in this otherwise water-deficient area. Introduction Large quantities of water will be required by the coal-gasification and coal-burning electric powerplants planned for installation in northwestern New Mexico. The population of nearby communities is expected to increase significantly as the economy expands. Therefore, the demand for potable water will increase. Obtaining adequate supplies of potable ground water to meet even the existing demand is difficult, or, in many instances, impossible. The city of Gallup, in particular, has had great difficulty in providing an adequate supply of good-quality ground water for its municipal water system (Hiss, 1975, p. 13; City of Gallup, 1977, p. 3-4). The San Juan River and Rio Grande are the nearest reliable sources of large quantities of surface water. Transportation of surface water to areas of need would be more expensive generally than development of whatever local ground water might be available. Ownership of the land (surface and subsurface) and ownership, control, and (or) regulation of both ground and surface water often further complicate development and use of existing resources. Uranium mining New Mexico leads the nation in producing uranium concentrates and, perhaps of more importance, has about one-half of the undeveloped reserves of this valuable commodity (Fitch, 1974, p. 82). Most of the uranium mined to date and nearly all of the proven reserves occur in the Westwater Canyon Member of the Morrison Formation of Jurassic age in the Grants mineral belt (fig. 1). Production from most of the existing mines and those that will be developed in the future is and will be from depths well below the potentiometric surface of the Morrison Formation. During the mining, "long-holes" are drilled at the end of newly driven stopes, haulageways, or drifts to explore for and define the ore body and to drain the ground water from the rock. Removal of the water from the sandstone facilitates stoping and greatly increases the strength of the rock (Gay, 1963, p. 245-246; Hohne, 1963, p. 247). Eventually the network of mines will function as a vast underground collection system. Water must be pumped from these mines continuously in order to keep the various tunnels and shafts dry. The extent of Indian and Federal Land under lease is shown in figure 1. Although similar information is not available for State and private lands, the lease activity does reflect industry's interest in uranium mining in the Grants mineral belt. Church Rock mining district One abandoned mine and several producing uranium mines are located in the Church Rock mining district northeast of Gallup. The proximity of the mines to water-deficient Gallup enhances the potential for salvaging waste water from these mines for municipal use a course of action this city is now evaluating (Hiss, 1975, p. 112, 119; City of Gallup, 1977). Ownership and availability of the waste water are uncertain and must be resolved before the water can be put to beneficial use (Hiss, 1975, p. 66, 113, 120; City of Gallup, 1977, p. 7-10). Approximately 3,000 gpm (190 1/s) of ground water was being pumped in November 1973 from the Morrison Formation at two uranium mines in sec. 35, T. 17 N., R. 16 W., about 12 miles (20 km) northeast of Gallup in the Church Rock mining district (Hiss, 1975, p. 62, table 2). The discharge rate has subsequently increased to approximately 4,400 gpm (276 1/s). Further increases in waste-water production to more than 10,000 gpm (630 1/s) within a few years are predicted as new mines are opened (City of Gallup, 1977, p. 5, 8). The water generally contains less than 400 mg/1 dissolved solids; sodium and bicarbonate are the most abundant constituents. Except for the dissolved uranium, radium, iron, and selenium, the waste water contains less dissolved solids than the water now produced from the Cretaceous aquifers near Gallup (table 1, this report; City of Gallup, 1977, table 2). The waste water now is pumped to the land surface and into settling ponds where it is treated with barium chloride as a flocculating agent to remove suspended solids; this procedure simultaneously lowers the radium and uranium content (City of Gallup, 1977, p. 6). After most of the suspended particulate material has precipitated, the water is allowed to flow from the ponds into formerly dry arroyos that are tributaries of the Puerco River. The United Nuclear Corp. Northeast Church Rock Mine, an abandoned uranium mine, also completed in the Westwater Canyon Member, is located about 8 miles (15 km) northeast of Gallup near a paved road, a natural gas pipeline right-of-way, and high-voltage electrical power lines. Substantial quantities of water might also be produced from this abandoned mine for use by the City of Gallup if the rights to this resource could be obtained. Some of the waste water from the Church Rock mines will be used in a mill to be constructed near the producing uranium mines. Reportedly, large amounts of salvaged waste water will also be used in a coal-fired electric generating plan to be built on the Navajo Reservation. Behavior of potentiometric surface. Periodic measurements of the water level in the shaft of the Northeast Church Rock Mine were made for several years by personnel from United Nuclear Corp. Subsequently, a continuous water-level recording instrument was installed by the U.S. Geological Survey in order to monitor the long-term effects of pumping on the aquifer (fig. 2). The head in the Westwater Canyon aquifer has declined at a rate of approximately 1.85 ft/mo (0.56 m/mo) indicating the reduction in the hydraulic head caused by dewatering of the active mines in the Church Rock mining district. Ambrosia Lake mining district Uranium is now being mined from the Westwater Canyon Member of the Morrison Formation within the zone of saturation in the Ambrosia Lake mining district.. Millions and perhaps billions of gallons of waste water are discharged yearly as the mines are dewatered (Cooper and John, 1968, p. 38-42). Production of waste water can be expected to increase as the intensity of the mining increases and as new mines are developed. A small fraction of the water pumped from the mines is used in the uranium ore processing mills. Most of the waste water is discharged at the land surface and infiltrates or evaporates. Part of the water is channeled into formerly dry arroyos that carry the effluent southward out of the Ambrosia Lake area and into San Mateo Creek, a tributary of the Rio San Jose (Cooper and John, 1968, p. 40). Generally, the ground water pumped from the uranium mines is only slightly radioactive but it occasionally exceeds the recommended limit for safe drinking water (Cooper and John, 1968, p.28, 40-42). As mining proceeds, however, the quality of water involved deteriorates rapidly and, as a consequence, usually does not meet safe drinking standards. The total of dissolved constituents found in water produced from the Westwater Canyon aquifer in the Ambrosia Lake mining district ranges from less than 300 to more than 1,400 mg/1. Most of the water sampled by Cooper and John (1968, table 3) contained less than 700 mg/1 of total dissolved solids. Smith Lake mining district Public Service Company of New Mexico has proposed to construct a 2,000-megawatt power plant near Bisti. Water pumped from uranium mines to be located near Crownpoint, approximately 30 miles (50 km) to the south, reportedly may be used in the electric generating plant. Conclusions Reports from industry sources indicate that reserves in the Grants mineral belt will sustain uranium mining for many years. The large quantities of water pumped from the mines as they are dewatered now constitute a supply that could be salvaged and used beneficially after treatment to remove undesirable dissolved and suspended constituents. After mining ceases, the abandoned mines will comprise a large underground collection system. High-capacity pumps could then be installed in the abandoned shafts and water pumped from the mines as needed. However, this resource is finite and the long-term effects of dewatering will determine availability of water and economics of recovery at any particular location. Ownership of the land surface, the subsurface, water and (or) water rights, and the legal control of the use of water are factors that will influence use of this supply of ground water.


In a recent article Miner ( 6 ) challenged findings ( 2 ) which questioned the construct validity of the Miner Sentence Completion Scale (4, 5 ) . This scale is designed to measure role-behavior characteristic of successful business executives while Ghiselli's Self-description Index ( 3 ) measures the abilities and traits of successful managers. One assertion ( 2 ) was that failure of Miner's scale to establish convergence with Ghiselli's instrument means it lacks construct validity. Miner's response correctly points out that of Ghiselli's 13 measures, Ghiselli found only 6 distinguished successful managers and he presents data which indicate scores on the sentence completions correlate significantly with three: .1G. Supervisory ability, .1G Self-assurance (ps < . l o ) , and .27 Decisiveness ( P < .01). The present research continues earlier work ( 1 ) with 14 female college students in a senior-level elective class, The Successful Female Manager. These students significantly changed from preto posttest in positive acceptance of the role behavior postulated in Miner's scale. The new data show several significant rhos ( 7 ) : .42 Need for occupational achievement, .40 Intelligence, .47 Self-actualization (ps < . lo) . However, the significant rhos are opposite those found by Miner. Of particular concern is the lack of congruence between the studies of Ghiselli's measure, Supervisory ability, which Ghiselli finds "has a unique position with respect to managerial talent. It is the trait which plays the most important role, stands out clearly and is apart from all of the other traits" (3, p. 77 ) . That the present correlations are different from those of the Miner study suggests that there may be no compatibility between the two scales. Some possible explanations of the apparent disparity may include the present small sample of 12 versus 110 in Miner's study or differential responding by the smaller sample of only females and the larger sample of males and females. Perhaps both scales measure different aspects of managerial success or Ghiselli's scale attempts to accomplish too much with a limited response set which results in low reliabilities. Until further research demonstrates that both scales measure the same variables the issues are unresolved.


According to circular economy principles, the recycling and reuse of tyre rubber waste are among the most advanced and ecological waste disposal technologies. Each year, about 19 million tons of tyres are produced, and this number increases every year. One of the most innovative ways to recycle rubber waste is devulcanization. There are many methods of rubber devulcanization, but the most popular is chemical devulcanization. Also, pre-process treatment is important before devulcanization. In this article, devulcanized rubber granules were used for the preparation of rubber samples. Two of the samples were obtained via the grinding method and one via chemical devulcanization. In total, 15 different rubber samples were produced for experimental measurements. Multilayer constructions, with two solid layers of plasterboard on both sides (GKB (a standard gypsum board) and GKFI (an enhanced-strength and surface-hardness gypsum board)) and the porous acoustic material of the rubber sample inside, were produced. Measurements were made in an impedance tube and compared with the results of a transfer matrix method (TMM) analysis. The same trends of resonant frequencies were determined. According to the results, the resonant frequencies depended on the thickness of the material, since transmission loss (TL) values depended on the mass of the construction. According to the test results of transmission loss, constructions with 50 mm thick rubber samples had results that were, on average, 3 dB better than those of structures with 25 mm thick samples and 5 dB better than those of structures with 12 mm thick rubber samples. In addition, it was found that higher-density plasterboards (GKFI) increased the overall transmission loss value of the structure by 5 dB. The same trends were determined using the TMM method. The test results showed that multilayered constructions with devulcanized waste rubber had high transmission loss results and could be used for sound-insulating structures.


[Objective] To study the purification technology of Folium Crataegi extract by macroporous resin. [Method] Taking hyperin as the index constituent, sampling amount and elution solvent were decided, the times for repeated use and recovery capacity after regeneration were studied. [Results] D101 was chosen to purify, the suitable sampling ratio of resin volume to raw material is 1:0.5. The elution solvent is 4-fold 70% ethanol. [Conclusion] The technology set up was economy, simple and practical, which can be used to purify Folium Crataegi extract.


This paper investigates a prospective avionics suite rescue kit to salvage some of the state-of-the-art electronics in the data-collecting fuze system employed on an artillery projectile. A single-use data collection fuze is currently in use by the Army that relays sensor measurements for the purpose of characterizing the flight of an artillery projectile. The goal of the present study is to develop a


At the end of the nineteenth century one of Australia's most popular writers wa George Lewis 'Louis' Becke. Some hailed him as the 'Rudyard Kipling of the Pacific'. Although these days Becke is little known, during the course of his writing career between 1894 and his death in 1913, he published some thirty-five books. His speciality was the south sea tale. Becke's stories, I will argue, provide some insight into Australian gender relations at the end of the nineteenth century...


In this paper, two different methods for generating random power graphs are proposed. The above two methods are based on two random graph models, the methods of Edgar-Gilbert and Erdos-Rényi. To prove the efficiency of random graphs in power systems analysis and the similarity of graphs generated by these methods to power systems, PMU placement problem of proposed random graphs has been solved. The simulation results show that the two proposed random power graph models have good capability to form networks similar to the power grid. This similarity has been demonstrated in the solving of phasor measurement units placement problem, one of the most well-known problems related to the power grids' structure.


The worldwide accelerometer business is split in two distinctive markets: The "movement monitoring and event detection" world in one hand, largely driven by the automotive business and low cost consumer business and the "measurement and control" world in the other hand, mainly driven by the aerospace and inertial navigation business and historically served principally by conventional relative high cost micro mechanical products. It took nearly 20 years until MEMS products achieved a commercial breakthrough in the automotive. Today, with a mature technology and high-volume production at low cost, MEMS acceleration sensors are in the best position to successfully move into traditional inertial applications and also to render possible newly emerging applications. The various domains constituting the worldwide market will be discussed in detail and required specifications for inertial sensing, tilt sensing and vibration sensing will be analyzed. Today, high performances MEMS capacitive accelerometers, offering the required long-term stability and vibration rectification error characteristics are produced to serve inertial guidance and navigation for aeronautic and defence applications. Furthermore, these products are offering advanced functionalities and are performing extremely well without degradation of specifications in rugged environments such as gun hard shocks with amplitudes higher than 20'000g. We propose to share qualification results and comment the actual performances available. Finally, future requirements will be presented and actual or future solutions will be discussed in more details.


The present work examines how family firms differentiate themselves from other firms and, more specifically, how such firms establish relationships between internal structures and corporate behaviours. In this context, Social Capital theory, which identifies resources present in relations between individuals that can be used to achieve competitive advantage, is a useful theoretical framework for determining the value of social capital in family firms that arises from relations between agents involved in firms, complementing other assets at a firm's disposal to secure a competitive advantage (Adler and Kwon, 2002; Westlund, 2006). Relations based on trust and social networks support cooperative actions that lower transaction costs in addition to supporting knowledge generation and information flow, and such relations may thus be considered a source of social capital. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used as the method of analysis. Both covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM) and partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM) were utilised.


ion to determine whether their particular inclusion at that level was "idea" or was dictated by considerations of efficiency, so as to be necessarily incidental to that idea; required by factors external to the program itself; or taken from the public domain and hence is nonprotectable expression'. Again, there was no further guidance offered as to the scope of 'idea' except for the reiteration of a multiplicity of 'ideas' in accordance with the program's structure. 725 As a corollary, contrary to popular opinion, the Computer Associates court failed to determine ideas and discriminate between 'ideas' and 'expressions' or elaborate an appropriate test. 726 In addition, the above formula turned out amenable to being construed in rather a bizarre way. For instance, despite the aforesaid clear, as it would seem, wording employed by the judge in this respect, Drexl identified the elements dictated by efficiency required by external factors and taken from the public domain as part of the 'idea' 727 confusing 'ideas' with unprotected elements and ignoring the evident: the separation line between protectable and unprotectable parallels the original/unoriginal distinction. 722 See Computer Associates, at 706-707. Along with reverse analysis, it was often suggested, 'top down' (or 'step wise refinement') program design methodology might be a factor indicating that software cases could be deemed congruent with a version of the Nichols test. See E.F. Johnson Co v. Uniden Corp., 623 F. Supp 1485,1501 (1985); Brinson, at 854; Reback, G., and Hayes, D., "The Plains Truth: Program Structure, Input Formats, and Other Functional Works" (1987) 3 Comp. Lawyer 1; Reback, G. and Siegel, P., "Toward a Comprehensive Test for Software Copyright Infringement" [1985] Comp. Law Annual, at 139, 145-146. However, the situation is different in the context of 'object-oriented' design methodologies. (See Barkan, M., "Software Litigation in the Year 2000: The Effect of Object-Oriented Design Methodologies on Traditional Software Jurisprudence" (1992) 7 High Tech. L.J. 315; Wilkins, at 436, 444, 466, 468. As to the notion of 'idea', examining the applicability of the doctrine of 723 See Nimmer, at §13.03 F. 724 Computer Associates, at 707. 725 See ibid., at 705,707. 726 For further criticism, see Clapes, A. and Daniels, J., "Revenge of the Luddites: A Closer Look at Computer Associates v Altai" (1992) 9 The Computer Lawyer 11; Karjala, D., "Recent US and International Developments in Software Protection (Part 2)"[1994] EIPR 58; Rinck, G., "Maturing US Law on Copyright Protection for Computer Programs" [1992] EIPR 361. 727 See Drexl, at 25. 728 See Paperback, at 21 (for Keeton J's analysis mirroring, and approving of, the earlier constructions akin to those set forth by Drexl). Ideas are sometimes construed as "those aspects of a work for which independent creation is likely but difficult to establish". See Siebrasse, at 36. 729 See subs. 2.5., above. However, the US approach towards utilitarian works had an influence on the court's understanding of originality. See Computer Associates, at 705, 721. The major role of


This article reviews the research and interpretation of the national education and pedagogy development process of the first half of the 20th century. It underlines the historical distinctiveness of the process due to the deep political transformations experienced by Russia at that time. In the early 20th century, national pedagogical science had five leading development courses: Orthodox pedagogical, social pedagogical, individual humanistic, cognitive, and cultural anthropological. Following the revolution of 1917, all those schools continued being effectively developed and enriched. But due to the historical and geographical division of research programs, some of them began to develop in a latent manner. Leaders of the Soviet education system made efforts to get rid of all the theoretical and practical pedagogical legacy from the pre-October period, by claiming it to be backward, retrogressive, and reactionary. The study showed that in the 20s – 40s, the Soviet pedagogy developed mostly in the social pedagogical and cognitive directions, while the immigrant pedagogy followed the cultural anthropological path, which later on, gave way to the Christian anthropological, Orthodox pedagogical, and individual humanistic, and cognitive schools. In this respect, that period of time can be viewed as a time to cast away stones, i.e. the diaspora period. It was found out that conservative education reforms of the early 30s and late 50s of the 20th century generally confirmed the idea of a constant disconnection within the pedagogical tradition and the absence of ancestral succession in the national pedagogical process development.


In this paper, we conduct a two-sample t test using available data on sleep deprivation and cognitive functioning to investigate the question of whether sleep deprivation impairs cognitive functioning. In the first section, we give the background, formulate our question of interest, describe our study's design, and describe the data that we will use. In the next section we analyze our data, and in the last section, we discuss our conclusions and reflect on what we have found.


The paper is concerned with the Lighthill–Whitham model of traffic flow, where the density of cars is described by a scalar conservation law. A cost functional is introduced, depending on the departure and arrival times of each driver. Under natural assumptions, we prove the existence of a unique globally optimal solution, minimizing the total cost to all drivers. This solution contains no shocks and can be explicitly described. We also prove the existence of a Nash equilibrium solution, where no driver can lower his individual cost by changing his own departure time. A characterization of the Nash solution is provided, establishing its uniqueness. Some explicit examples are worked out, comparing the costs of the optimal and the equilibrium solutions. The analysis also yields a strategy for optimal toll pricing. 1. Introduction. The aim of this paper is to analyze globally optimal solutions and Nash equilibrium solutions for a specific problem of traffic flow. Car drivers starting from a location A (a residential neighborhood) need to reach a destination B (a working place) all at a given time T. There is a cost for starting early and a cost for arriving late. Clearly, these costs can also account for the total time spent in the car. Denoting by τ d and τ a respectively the departure and arrival times, the total cost to an individual driver is


Objective To analyse the outcomes of two surgical procedures for management of meningomyelocele in lumbo-
sacral region. Methods Retrospective analysis from February 1989 to June 2003, thirty-eight patients aged from 7 days to 4
months with meningomyelocele in lumbosacral region underwent these two surgical procedures: only repair of spinal meninges
(18 patients); and extended surgical exploration, release of tethered cord and repair of spinal meninges (20 patients). Rou-
tine X-rays had been conducted to all the patiens and 23 patients had MRI examination. Among the patients, two were associ-
ated with fleccid paralysis of both lower extremities and incontinence of bowel and bladder before surgery and were evaluated
according to Kelly and Bruskewize's classification. Results After follow-up for mean 3 years two patients with flaccid paralys-
is of both lower extremities and incontinence of bowel and bladder did not get improved postoperatively. 4 in 18 patients under-
going only repair of spinal meninges developed tethered cord syndrome (TCS). MRI showed medullary cone was fixed in situ.
However, the patients undergoing extended surgical exploration, release of tethered cord and repair of spinal meninges did not
develop TCS. Conclusion Operation combined with extended surgical exploration, release of tethered cord and repair proce-
dure is effective and reasonable for the treatment of meningomyelocele in lumbosacral region, while only repair of spinal menin-
ges may result in TCS.


Background: This study examines semantic encoding in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using the event-related potential (ERP) technique. Subsequent memory effect (SME) is used as an index of successful memory encoding. Typically, SMEs are positive at P550 and late positive component (LPC) time windows. Methods: Ten MCI participants were recruited to complete the ERP experiment. A study and recognition paradigm was employed. Participants determined whether the item referred to by the Chinese character was able to produce sound at study phase and whether the Chinese character was studied at recognition phase while having their electroencephalograms recorded. Results: Behaviourally, correct percentage at study was 81% and reaction time was 998.5±325.5. Correct percentage at recognition was 61% (d prime=0.87±0.7). Significant SMEs were not identified in P550 and LPC windows. Conclusion: The behavioural and ERP results showed extensive cerebral deficits in MCI when performing semantic encoding. These deficits may be associated with assessing semantic memory and binding new information with long-term memory store.


PURPOSE: To investigate the knowledge, perceptions and practices of preschool teachers regarding children with hearing alterations. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out through structured interviews with 45 preschool teachers from the public education system of Belo Horizonte (MG, Brazil). Interviews were recorded, transcribed and later analyzed. RESULTS: The majority of the subjects showed little knowledge, at times vague and of common-sense, regarding hearing loss. However, conscience of the necessity of learning more about the subject for a better professional performance is clear. Despite the lack of information, teachers demonstrated knowing some characteristics of children with hearing loss, and explicit conducts to be carried out in the classroom. Almost all subjects claimed not to know the school hearing screening. CONCLUSION: The knowledge, practices and perceptions displayed by the subjects revealed wide variation of concepts, attitudes and strategies. However, much is based on common-sense or intuition, due to lack of experience and training of teachers to deal with children with hearing loss.


Prismatic folded plates are analyzed by the finite strip method. A plate strip with appropriate end conditions is used as an element and by assuming suitable displacement functions a stiffness matrix can be developed and the folded plate can then be solved in the same way as structural frames. The overall stiffness matrix usually has a very narrow band width and all the computations can be done in core. The solution yields directly the values of all the in-plane stresses, bending and twisting moments, and displacements at the joints. The method is simple but versatile, and gives very accurate results.


Large‐scale tsunami propagation simulations from the fault region to the coast are conducted using a three‐dimensional (3‐D) parallel unstructured mesh finite element code (Fluidity‐ICOM). Unlike conventional 2‐D approximation models, our tsunami model solves the full 3‐D incompressible Navier‐Stokes (NS) equations. The model is tested against analytical solutions to simple dispersive wave propagation problems. Comparisons of our 3‐D NS model results with those from linear shallow water and linear dispersive wave models demonstrate that the 3‐D NS model simulates the dispersion of very short wavelength components more accurately than the 2‐D models. This improved accuracy is achieved using only a small number (three to five) of vertical layers in the mesh. The numerical error in the wave velocity compared with the linear wave theory is less than 3% up to kH = 40, where k is the wave number and H is the sea depth. The same 2‐D and 3‐D models are also used to simulate two earthquake‐generated tsunamis off the coast of Japan: the 2004 off Kii peninsula and the 2011 off Tohoku tsunamis. The linear dispersive and NS models showed good agreement in the leading waves but differed especially in their near‐source, short wavelength dispersive wave components. This is consistent with the results from earlier tests, suggesting that the 3‐D NS simulations are more accurate. The computational performance on a parallel computer showed good scalability up to 512 cores. By using a combination of unstructured meshes and high‐performance computers, highly accurate 3‐D tsunami simulations can be conducted in a practical timescale.


As an important physical element, city water area possesses many kinds of ecosystem services such as irrigation works, ship, ecology, history and culture etc. But with the rapid development of urbanization, the ecosystem services of city water area are being destroyed, so how to protect ecosystem services of city water is becoming a serious problem. Some countermeasures to protect ecosystem services of city water were put forward in this paper.


The Globalization Phenomenon Global Decision-making Organizational Implications of Globalization Network Research Developing MNC-Network Perspective Management of Coordination and Decision Processes in Global Firms


This study borrowed the conceptual framework and simulation method from Reckase(2006) to explore the influence of three cut score estimation methods(PI,BI and AVERAGE) and two response probability(RP) values(1/2 and 2/3) on individual panelist judgment of first round of Bookmark method.Data showed that AVERAGE method(take the average of the Bookmark Difficulty Location(BDL) values of first item whose correct response probability was lower than RP and last item whose correct response probability was higher than RP as cut score estimate) performed better than PI method(take the BDL value of the first item before Bookmark as cut score estimate) and BI method(take average of BDL values of two items which locate on both sides of Bookmark as cut score estimate) in terms of recovery of intended cut score(ICS).Influence of panelist judgment errors on cut score set by AVERAGE method was the smallest,and different RP values also affected setting of cut score.


This paper seeks to deepen the understanding of management practices adopted by organizations characterized by significant levels of participation and influence from their employees. Based on the assumption that the successful utilization of such practices is circumstantial, a conceptual framework is proposed identifying the essential elements that should be dynamically aligned to allow organizational success in the long term. Different types of work & participation practices - that arise from the adoption of the dimensions locus of knowledge and locus of power - support the reasoning on how to align these elements and, consequently, how to lead the organizational renewal and survival in the long run.


Urban social life increasingly depends on a functioning social and technical infrastructure. Protecting infrastructures from natural disasters and extreme weather events, which are especially a result of climate change, has become an important topic in international research in the last years [Birkmann et al. (2016). Journal of Extreme Events, 03: 1650017]. In order to increase efficiency, the connections and interrelations between infrastructure components have been strengthened more and more, promoting the growth of large-scale interconnected systems. This in turn has resulted in uncontrollable potential risks as the functionality of each component now depends on an ever-increasing number of other infrastructure components. If one infrastructure component fails, this causes extensive cascades carrying the original failure over to successive components. This can, for example, cause large-scale failures in the rail network due to a shortage of fuel supply in large power plants resulting in impaired grid s...


This article explores the relationship between social exclusion, drugs and crime. It begins with a discussion of the social and economic factors which shape the lives of the excluded and the linkages with these and the drugs/crime 'nexus'. The traumatic consequences of these relationships are then explored through discussion of one socially excluded place (a housing estate in the North East of England) where crime and drug abuse thrived, and where the agencies who sought to tackle it felt frustrated and powerless to overcome it.


The paper is devoted to the urgent issue of processing the dust waste of metallurgical-grade silicon production, i.e. wet cleaning sludge, which contains a significant amount of valuable silica. The paper analyzes the formation of finely dispersed techno-genic materials that are generated in significant quantities (up to 120 t/d) at the Kremniy JSC. The composition and properties of the silicon production wet cleaning product have been studied. In analytical studies of the wet cleaning sludge samples, the modern certified analysis techniques have been used: laser diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence. According to the analysis, the L:S ratio of liquid sludge is 2.1:1; after dehydration, the sludge cake has a grain size of 150 μm, with the prevailing (90 %) grain size of 59.65 μm in the test sample. The chemical composition of the sludge is 95.86 % SiO2; therefore, the wet cleaning sludge is a valuable raw material to produce metallurgical-grade silicon. Based on the analysis of the composition and properties of the silicon production wet cleaning sludge sample, we have developed a program for its processing. Sustainable sludge processing techniques are aimed at obtaining a briquetted charge, which can be used as an additive to the main raw material.


The invention relates to a functional water preparation device by undivided micro-current electroanalysis and a method using the device to prepare functional water. The device comprises a pair of inert electrodes, an electrolytic cell and a controllable electroanalysis DC power supply, wherein, the inert electrodes are arranged in the electrolytic cell and the controllable electroanalysis DC power supply is used to supply power for the electrolytic cell to electrolyze water. The method using the device to prepare functional water includes that water is guided to flow into the electrolytic cell; the inert electrodes are electrified for 10 minutes to 3 hours. The invention realizes excellent sterilizing effect while preparing the functional water.


Economic constraints are driving the need for Queensland Rail (QR) to obtain more cost effective maintenance methods such as better planning of proactive ballast-cleaning cycles. One means to achieve this would be implementing testing methods that quantify the measurement of ballast fouling. Existing tests do not realistically represent the extent of contamination. A contributing factor is that they are based on a sieve analysis test that measures the mass of particles passing different sieve sizes. The Percentage Void Contamination (PVC) is a volume based test, which measures the extent of void fouling for the depth of the ballast profile, and takes into account the different densities of the contaminants. This paper validates the PVC test by evaluating test results and comparing to existing test methods. The PVC is a percentage value calculated by measuring the volume of contaminants (fouling material passing 9.5mm sieve) and dividing by the volume of voids within the existing ballast (retained on 9.5mm sieve). Within QR's coal systems, it has been noted that most of the ballast fouling is due to coal infiltration and ballast breakdown. The volume ratio range of contamination is in the order of 70% - 95% coal and 5% - 30% ballast. Ballast cleaning is an efficient recycling maintenance activity used by QR to maximise ballast life and decrease overall maintenance costs. However, as the extent of fouling is predominantly based on visual inspections by track staff, ballast cleaning is not programmed as effectively as might be possible if it was measured more quantitatively. The volume of voids within new/clean ballast constitutes approximately 45% of the total volume of ballast within track. As ballast becomes fouled its functions are minimised until the level of contamination reaches the bottom side of the sleeper. At this stage ballast loses its resilience, void storage and drainage capabilities and the total substructure then starts to fail. For minimal adverse effects on the superstructure, a minimum live ballast depth of 100mm is required and the maximum limit of contamination should reflect this. When the extent of fouling has reached this limit, the ballast cleaning process needs to be initiated to maximise the cost effectiveness of track maintenance. Therefore the Percentage Void Contamination test needs to be implemented in existing ballast cleaning procedures as a quantitative measure of ballast fouling.


Music therapy is a process with specific objectives that seek to improve certain skills through the use of music and therapeutic assistance according to the needs of each patient. The main objective of this research is to study the effects of Music Therapy at a cognitive level in children with Down syndrome. The methodology will be of a correlational type, with a quantitative approach and an explanatory type. Based on the above, the instrument for data collection will use the Intelligence Scale of L.M. Terman and M.A. Merrill with the application of a pretest and later a post-test. The realization of this study will allow the application of music therapy as a tool that allows the development of cognitive skills that allow inclusion for people with Down syndrome.


With the rapid development of commercial space in recent years, the need for low-power and low-cost propulsion systems is becoming more and more urgent. Compared with conventional chemical propulsion, electric propulsion has a higher specific impulse. Compared with the conventional xenon propellant, iodine propellant does not require high pressure storage, is cheap and close to the relative atomic mass and ionization energy of xenon. Electron cyclotron resonance source has the advantages of no internal electrode, low pressure ionization, high plasma density and compact structure, which is suitable for low power electric propulsion. Therefore, the study of low power iodine propellant electron cyclotron resonance plasma source is of great significance. In this paper, a set of corrosion-resistant feed system with balanced and stable output of iodine vapor is designed. Then the design of iodine-corrosionresistant electron cyclotron resonance thruster is completed. A corrosion-resistant coaxial cavity structure is used to feed the microwave to the thruster, and the channel magnetic field is changed into a cusped field to generate more ECR layers. Finally, the combined ignition experiment was successful, and it became the first plasma source using electron cyclotron resonance to ionize iodine propellant that can be used for electric propulsion in the world. Analysis experiments and static magnetic field, microwave electric field distribution found that the unstable plasma plume scintillation at low power and low flow is caused by the conversion between ordinary wave electron plasmon resonance heating and extraordinary wave electron cyclotron resonance heating modes. The decrease of ionization rate at high flow rate is caused by electron loss, wall loss and electronegativity of iodine propellant. Based on this principle, an improvement scheme is proposed. The plasma source has no obvious damage after discharge, which indicates that it has the potential of long life. This work preliminarily proves that the low power electron cyclotron resonance electric propulsion scheme of low power iodine propellant is feasible.


The procedure and results of the performance evaluation of the EVA Metro Sedan (car No. 1) variable speed dc chopper motor drive and its three speed automatic transmission are presented. The propulsion system for a battery powered vehicle manufactured by Electric Vehicle Associates, Valley View, Ohio, was removed from the vehicle, mounted on the programmable electric dynamometer test facility and evaluated with the aid of a hp 3052A Data Acquisition System. Performance data for the automatic transmission, the solid state dc motor speed controller, and the dc motor in the continuous and pulsating dc power mode, as derived on the dynamometer test facility, as well as the entire propulsion system are given. This concept and the system's components were evaluated in terms of commercial applicability, maintainability, and energy utility to establish a design base for the further development of this system or similar propulsion drives. The propulsion system of the EVA Metro Sedan is powered by sixteen 6-volt traction batteries, Type EV 106 (Exide Battery Mfg. Co.). A thyristor controlled cable form Pulsomatic Mark 10 controller, actuated by a foot throttle, controls the voltage applied to a dc series field motor, rated at 10 hp at 3800 rpm (Baldor Electricmore » Co.). Gear speed reduction to the wheel is accomplished by the original equipment three speed automatic transmission with torque converter (Renault 12 Sedan). The brake consists of a power-assisted, hydraulic braking system with front wheel disk and rear drum. An ability to recuperate electric energy with subsequent storage in the battery power supply is not provided.« less


The information that is being released now regarding interrogations of suspected terrorists conducted by the US during the last several years makes it clear, for those who did not yet understand, that America does not torture, except of course when it does. The treatment of prisoners during the Bush years is a stain on the moral standing of the US which the rest of the world will not easily forget. These policies have undermined our credibility and ethical position while doing little to ensure our safety.


Population fluctuations of yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulus (Walker) and leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) were assessed in basmati rice during Kharif 2014 at Crop Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut. The first infestation of yellow stem borer was recorded on first week of August and reached its peak during middle of October when average temperature, relative humidity and rainfall ranged from 27.10 to 30.51 C, 69.60 to 84.04 % and 0.30 to 7.56 mm, respectively. The population of leaf folder was first recorded in last week of July and reached at maximum level during end of September to start of October when mean temperature, relative humidity were 28.89 C and 76.95 %, respectively. The population of yellow stem borer and leaf folder showed negative correlation with maximum and minimum temperatures, evening relative humidity and rainfall while morning relative humidity showed the positive correlation.


In the Ikojts community of San Dionisio del Mar, Oaxaca, religious subjectivities live in the midst of apparently divergent traditions and reconfigure themselves around (dis)continuities. Both Catholics and Protestants use the topoi of modernity and tradition depending on contingent circumstances that demand confrontation or negotiation. In this article I explore the multiple ways in which the Ikojts craft their religious identities through an ongoing play of meaningful inconsistencies. I show that the analysis of religious conversions
should not polarize around break or continuity but include the possibility of (dis)continuity.


The initial releases of data from the 2000 U.S. Census allow exploration of the extent of change, if any, in residential segregation in four major cities, where substantial population growth has continued to generate increased ethnic diversity. Using a recently established method of classifying residential areas according to their ethnic composition which facilitates comparative study over time and space, this paper examines segregation trends in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Miami over the period 1980-2000 in the context of recent discussions of the nature of residential patterns there. It finds that though there has been some reduction in the extent of extreme segregation areas that are predominantly either White or African American with consequent greater ethnic mixing at the census tract level, nevertheless cores of extreme segregation remain, and these are being extended with greater segregation of the Hispanic population. Ethnic residential segregation in United States' metropolitan areas attracted much research throughout the 20th century, with each census providing new impetus for mapping and analysis. The 2000 census will be no exception, providing data with which the extent of change can be assessed after a further decade in which discrimination on the grounds of race and color was illegal. This paper provides an initial exploration for four metropolitan areas that have experienced substantial recent multi-ethnic in-migration. Using a method for classifying residential areas designed to facilitate comparative studies over space and time, it explores the extent of desegregation during the previous 20 years for each of the four main census ethnic groups.


The Miocene Baripada Beds of Orissa are well known for their rich assemblages of sharks and batoids. The Batoid assemblages of Baripada Beds are represented by nine genera comprising of Myliobatis, Aetobatus, Rhinoptera, Dasyatis, Raja, Rhinobatus, Rhyncobatus, Pristis and Gymnura. Our record of Rhyncobatus sp. is significant as it is the first such report from Indian subcontinent. Presence of Gymnura sp. is also being described for the first time from the eastern coast of India. We also describe additional specimens and skeletal remains that were not discovered earlier. Our findings, combined with earlier finds of crocodilian coprolite, fish fauna, gastropods, bivalves, pelecypods, and foraminifers, suggests that the Baripada Beds were deposited in a shore environment, probably in the shallower part of the inner neretic, tropical to subtropical environment, well connected to the open seas.


The effects of ammonium, phosphate, and salinity on growth, gas exchange characteristics, and ionic content of seedlings of mangrove Kandelia candel (L.) Druce were investigated in solution culture experiments over seven months. High salinity at 20 ppt NaC1 greatly reduced dry matter accumulation in shoots and roots and leaf CO2 assimilation rate. Addition of ammonium-nitrogen (2mM) significantly increased the growth of shoots and roots, leaf CO2 assimilation rate, and respiration rate at low salinity treatments. Phosphate amendment alone did not affect the growth of plants. However, when ammonium-nitrogen was also added, phosphate improved the growth of plants, leaf CO2 assimilation rate, and respiration rate in low salinity treatments. Kandelia candel tended to maintain a constant cation concentration in tissues of leaves and roots at low salinity conditions. Potassium was the major cation in the tissues at the low salinity; however, it was replaced by sodium as the salinity of the culture solution was increased. Kandelia candel absorbed ammonium-nitrogen luxuriously at all salinity treatments and some of the ammonium accumulated in the tissues could be part of cations as the osmotic inorganic solute. Reasons for the difference in optimal growth salinity for K. candel between porewater in the field and the culture solution in the greenhouse are discussed.


Charging of insulators can result in a strong negative charging for high electron energies, resulting in charging artifacts. One of the advantages of LVSEM is weak positive charging for electron energies below a critical energy E2. The inelastic scattering processes result in heat generation and ionization processes that cause specimen damage, contamination, and exposure of resists in electronbeam lithography.


ERPisa new MIS embodying advanced management thought andmethod, which needs to havecorresponding implementation condition. In this paper, the main risks of ERP which may face in Chinese enterprise on current sense are discussed,from the present situation analysis of ERP application, and the corresponding countermeasures and the im- plementation strategies are presented.


Objective:Discussing the different disinfection effect between the traditional and improved methods of hands washing. Methonds:From January to June,2009,taking 200 person-times medical staffs who participate in gynaecological operations as samples,100 person-times as experimental group,the other 100 person-time as contrast group. Each group includes 50 doctors and 50 nurses. The experimental group uses the traditional method to wash their hands and the contrast group uses improved method to wash their hands. Both groups take samples for bacteria culture after disinfecting their hands. And taking 1060 patients at the same term who have gynaecological operations as samples to analyze the rate of surgical incision infections and badness wound healings,500 patients of them as experimental group and other 560 patients as contrast group.Results:The bacteria culture from the medical staffs hands in both experimental group and contrast group are axenic growth. There are 23 infected cases in contrast group,with the rate 4.6%,while there are 26 infected cases in experimental group,with the rate 4.64%. There are no obvious differences between two groups for the rate of surgical incision infections,and the rate is lower than the level required by domestic and international hospital.Conclusion:Both the traditional and improved methods of hands washing can meet the requirement of sterilization,and can save the time of hand washing. It has much more advantages for emergency operations.


The chemical quality of suspended sediment in surface water runoff, which is changed as a result of surface coal mining activities, may influence water quality and have effects where the sediment is deposited downstream from the mine site. Suspended sediment samples were collected from three small watersheds in east-central Ohio prior to, during, and after surface mining and reclamation. The chemical quality of the suspended sediment was determined by measuring Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Sr, P (following pretreatment of the sample with 30% H₂O₂ and extraction with 0.3 MHCl), acetate-soluble SO²⁻₄, pH, organic C, and Hg. Differences in concentrations of parameters were observed among the three watersheds and were related to the composition of the overburden material. At Watersheds C06 and M09, the concentrations of the chemical parameters in suspended sediment samples, collected after reclamation had been completed, were not significantly (P = 0.05) different than concentrations measured prior to surface mining. An exception was the concentration of organic C, which was lower during the postreclamation period. The concentrations of Mg, Fe, and Al were significantly greater at Watershed J11 during the postreclamation period compared to the premine period while P, organic C, Mn, and Pb concentrations were significantly lower. Concentrations of parameters in suspended sediment samples collected concurrently at the inlet and outlet of the sediment ponds at Watersheds C06 and M09 were not significantly (P = 0.05) different. However, due to settling of the larger and heavier sediment particles, a trend toward increased concentration of parameters in sediment samples collected at the pond outlet compared to the pond inlet occurred at both Watersheds C06 and M09.


We evaluated tobacco use, physical activity, dietary intake and cardiovascular risk indicators (s‐lipids, s‐insulin, s‐ferritin, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, physical fitness) in healthy 14‐ and 17‐year‐old Swedish adolescents in relation to socio‐economic status (SES) of their parents. Girls reported more smoking than boys (14‐year‐olds 10 and 3%, 17‐year‐olds 27 and 18%, girls and boys, respectively). Daily smoking was associated to low SES of the family, but was most strongly associated to smoking in peers (OR = 58.7). Tobacco use was considerably higher among adolescents attending vocational programs at secondary high school as compared with theoretical programs. Daily smokers had a more unfavourable serum lipid profile compared with non‐smokers. Adolescents from families with a low educational level of the mother had a higher relative dietary fat intake. Boys and girls from families of low SES had higher body mass index (BMI), and girls, but not boys, also had lower physical fitness. Clustering of high BMI, low physical fitness and daily smoking was more pronounced in girls from families of low SES. In conclusion, our study shows that in both boys and girls low SES and educational level of the parents are related to an unfavourable cardiovascular risk profile in Swedish adolescents. Furthermore, smoking in adolescents is more related to smoking in peers than to smoking in parents, implying that preventive efforts should focus on peer groups.


Acoustic heterostructures operating at GHz-THz range [1] involving shorter wavelengths (~10 nm) and longer mean free paths constitute a suitable platform to study localization phenomena in quasiperiodic structures. The localized acoustic phonons and its dynamical interactions can be experimentally accessed in ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy and inelastic Brillouin scattering measurements. The one-dimensional (1D) quasiperiodic structures based on the Aubry-André (AA) model and the Fibonacci sequence have been studied in multiple physical platforms to address many-body localization. Despite the differences between the two models [2,3], a smooth localization/delocalization transition was recently demonstrated in quasiperiodic structures ruled by the interpolating Aubry-André-Fibonacci (IAAF) model [4]. We theoretically address the 1D tightbinding IAAF model to study this localization transition for phonons in the 20-200 GHz frequency range in 1D AlGaAs/GaAs superlattices.


We study the nonautonomous prey-predator system with HollingⅢfunctional response and prey refuge.Lyapunov method is used to study the persistence of the system and global asymptotic stability of the positive periodic solutions and positive almost periodic solutions.The existence and uniqueness of the positive periodic solutions and positive almost periodic solutions corresponding to their own system are also discussed.


Retinal images are careful, non-invasive, as well as non-radioactive imaging tool in the development of medical imaging. Yet, the large volume of image datasets and lengthy times of implementation of retinal images reconstruction reduce its effectiveness. In order to create a good recreated image, we thus developed a Sparse Aware Noise Removal Method (SANR CNN) which employs convolution neural network to remove noise and improves the standard of Retinal image restoration. The rapid CNN architecture utilized in the proposed de - noising method makes it easier to train huge amounts of data with better quality, and the SARN algorithm is being used to create a dictionary learning method for noise removal of huge image datasets. The borders and details of the image are likewise preserved during reconstruction using the suggested SANR CNN model. A test was run to assess the effectiveness of SANR CNN in relation to peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), as well as mean squared error within a few existing models (MSE). In comparison to existing noise reduction strategies, the suggested SANR CNN model outperformed them in terms of SSIM, MSE and PSNR performance. Additionally, the suggested architecture offers secure IoT infrastructure for the transfer of these denoised medical images.


The purpose of my study was to investigate teachers' experiences of how children is processing their experiences through their play. I am also investigating how teachers can se differences in child ...


As a complex of regional sports industry and brand marketing,sports industrial clusters brand is an important way to enhance market competitive power. But unfortunately,cluster brand possess the attribution of public goods,whicn may bring interests to the enterprises in clusters and may bring damage as well. In this paper,based on game theory and economic analysis,it analyzed the generation mechanism of sports industrial cluster brand risk,and proposed relevant overcoming guidelines through encouragement,support,security and supervision,in order to promote development of the sports industrial clusters.


The year 2012 will witness the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of founding the Polish Statistical Society – the first association of statisticians in Poland. The present conference offers an excellent opportunity to present the contribution made by Polish statisticians towards an overall development of statistics as a discipline of science and didactics. The conference will also commemorate the jubilee of the Chair of Statistics which was established 60 years ago, first as a part of the Higher School of Economics, then the Academy of Economics and presently the Economic University in Katowice. It is worth presenting here three most valuable achievements of Polish statisticians and their influence on the development of international statistics, long before the Polish Statistical Society came into existence. 1. Conducting in 1789 the first-ever national census, which was devised and executed by a member of Parliament Fryderyk Jozef earl Moszynski (17371817). 2. Establishing in 1811 the Chair of Statistics in the Warsaw School of Law and Administration, which was headed by Wawrzyniec Surowiecki (1769-1827) – professor of statistics and economics. 3. Co-founding the International Statistical Institute by professor of statistics and administration at the Lvov University – Tadeusz Pilat (1844-1923). 4. Statistical congresses.


The good quality of the parametric ship hull form model from Computer Aided Design (CAD) is indeed relevant to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The CAD must interact well with CFD to avoid too much error and problem on CFD analysis. To make a precise and an accurate geometric design of ship hull form CFD is essential because it relates to the prediction of hull performance in the CFD analysis. Thus, this research is to re-model the geometric of passenger ship hull form model (MTC 092) which was developed by Marine Technology Centre (MTC) by using CAD of open source software called FreeShip Plus. Initially, the geometric of passenger ship hull model was presented in the form of 2D lines plan drawing using AutoCAD software. Then, the lines plan drawing was imported into FreeCAD in 'iges' file format to undergo a digitized process by following the table of offset format. The ship hull form coordinates were next extracted into a Python script in an XYZ table which starts with '0' and ends with 'eof'. This is followedby generating the model in FreeShip Plus after importing the Python script into FreeShip Plus asa text fileusing the chine import tool in FreeShip Plus. Subsequently, FreeShip Plus generated half of the ship hull form and then exported it into Blender as an 'obj' file. In Blender software, the ship design process proceeded with a mirrored function then and clipped the half ship hull form into full ship hull form, after which the passenger ship hull model was saved in 'stl' file format. Lastly, the hydrostatic data results of the passenger ship hull model involving a set of geometric parameters in FreeShip Plus show a maximum error of 2.77% compared to the MTC 092 model in a towing tank test, thereby implying the validity and accuracy of the analysis. The significance of this study is expected to help proliferate the acceptance on the use of open source CAD Software in professional working environment.


In this submission is presented Kosovo Pension Fund starting from froming the Fund, model, system of work, managment, forms of investments, successes and the benefits from this Fund.Data and information used for this paper are based on reports of Trust management, financial reports, publications, foreign literature and experiences. Data are checked and researched for their validation and update. In this survey conclusion is likely to be made that Kosovo Pension Fund from its forming till current days, has operated and functioned in proper and safe way during fluctuating periods of times. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n10p676


Retention of patients in methadone treatment was studied in a cohort of 238 heroin addicts who entered maintenance programmes between February 1986 and August 1987. All subjects had been assessed at a centralised unit and referred to one of two other units for maintenance. Of the ten client characteristics that we analysed, three ‐ a history of imprisonment, a history of dependence on barbiturates or benzodiazepines and employment status at entry ‐ were included with "clinic" and maximum dose of methadone in the Cox regression models. Allowing for the other four variables, the maximum daily dose of methadone dispensed during the study period was a highly significant predictor of retention (P < 0.00001). With maximum dose stratified into three levels < 60 mg, 60‐79 mg, 80 + mg ‐ and with the lowest stratum used as the baseline, the relative risk (RR)of leaving treatment was halved (RR 0.47, 95% confidence interval [C1] 0.33‐0.67) for subjects receiving 60‐79 mg, and halved again (RR0.21,95% Cl 0.12‐0.38) for those who received 80 + mg. Clinic dosage policies contribute significantly to retention in methadone maintenance treatment. Clinics need to develop dosage policies in negotiation with individual patients.


Iodination of angiotensin I1 Sm-Recent reports concerning radioimmuneassay methods for the measurement of angiotensin 11, using angiotensin iodinated with radioactive iodine, have shown that both synthetic angiotensin 11, and the naturally occurring hormone may be estimated at very low concentrations (Catt & Coghlan, 1967; Boyd, Landon & Peart, 1967; Catt, Cain & Coghlan, 1967). It has also been suggested that immunologically active but biologically inactive fragments of angiotensin I1 in the circulation may interfere with the estimation since the antigenic portion of the molecule is close to the C-terminal end and this could result in differing values for angiotensin I1 obtained by bioassay and radioimmuneassay (Catt & Coghlan, 1967). A further possible source of error arises from the iodination procedure used, as a result of which there is contamination of the iodinated angiotensin with either unchanged angiotensin or with angiotensin which has been modified in ways other than the introduction of iodine atoms. Of the contaminating reactions the most likely is oxidation, since a potent oxidizing agent is used in all published methods of iodination. I have investigated the efficiency of the iodination method of Hunter & Greenwood (1962) and found that using 5 p g of angiotensin I1 and 1 mc of Na1311 in the reaction mixture, only about 1% of the angiotensin molecules were iodinated. Neither paper nor column chromatography using several systems proved particularly effective in separating the iodinated hormone from unchanged angiotensin and from other products of the reaction. However, after a prior precipitation of most of the inorganic salts present with methanol, paper electrophoresis using acetic acid : sodium acetate buffer, pH 3.2 and an applied voltage of 7 Vlcm resulted in clear separation of iodinated angiotensin from angiotensin and the other products of the reaction. The iodinated angiotensin migrated much more slowly towards the cathode (0.2 crn/hr compared with 1.5 cm/hr) than angiotensin. The iodinated angiotensin could be readily eluted from the paper with methanol. The use of iodinated angiotensin prepared in this way should improve both the specificity and sensitivity of radioimmuneassay procedures using this substance. Because of previous reports concerning the loss of the biological activity of iodinated angiotensin I1 (Cruz-Coke, 1946 ; Wolf, Mendlowitz & others, 1961, 1962a, b, c ; Barbour & Bartter, 1963) the effect of modifying the method of Hunter & Greenwood for iodinating synthetic angiotensin I1 has also been investigated. Excess iodine has been used in place of excess chloramine T, sufficient iodine being liberated from the NaI to ensure complete iodination. The iodinated derivative was eluted after electrophoresis. Amino-acid analysis by Dr. T. Bellair of the Russell Grimwade School of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, according to Spackman, Stein & Moore (1958) showed that the iodinated material obtained contained the amino-acids present in angiotensin I1 in approximately the expected proportions but it had no biological activity when tested by two methods (Regoli & Vane, 1964; Osborn, Louis & Doyle, 1966). Subsequent experiments also showed that it differed from angiotensin I1 in the ability of chymotrypsin to destroy it, as judged by a comparison of the rate of formation of iodo-asparaginyl-arginyl-valyltyrosine and the loss of biological activity of angiotensin I1 under comparable conditions. The present results and of those of Catt & Coghlan (1967) suggest that structural modifications of angiotensin involving loss of biological activity do not necessarily affect radioimmuneassay procedures. Acknowledgments. This work was supported by a grant (G-64) from the National Heart Foundation of Australia. I am indebted to Dr. R. Melick for advice and criticism.