IT might be time to think beyond 'one health' and also think in terms of one welfare, suggested Danny Mills, of the University of Lincoln, during the recent WSAVA/FECAVA/BSAVA congress in Birmingham. Speaking during a stream of lectures on 'wellness', Professor Mills noted that the concepts of 'one health' and 'one medicine' had traditionally been focused on the link between people and livestock. He suggested that it was perhaps time to think beyond this towards 'one welfare', encompassing not just farm animals but also companion animals, and not just physical health but psychological health as well. There was a need to re-examine the concept of 'welfare' – and companion animal welfare might be both a means for, and a measure of, improving the health and welfare of society. There was nothing new in the idea that pets are good for your health, said Professor Mills, who pointed out that classical paintings often featured people with their companion animals. In fact, human beings had had animals with them ever since they had first settled, and 'society' had always been multispecies. Today, he pointed out, pet keeping was a big phenomenon, and not just among the affluent. The contribution of pet keeping to the economy was often overlooked, particularly by politicians. There was a temptation to think of pet care as a luxury that could be cut back on during times of austerity, but surveys had shown that this was not the case and that, in some instances, people would rather go without food themselves in order to provide for their pet. He noted that it had been estimated that the pet care industry in the USA had generated an estimated US $41 billion in 2007 – more than the gross domestic product of all but the top 60 largest producing nations. Spending on pets in the USA exceeded that spent on movies, music and video games combined. In the UK, it was estimated that £2 billion was spent on pet food each year, and £1.4 billion on veterinary services. The health benefits of keeping companion animals ranged from developmental benefits for children in reducing the incidence of asthma and allergies, to the chance conversations and increased frequency of social interactions among dog walkers. The impact of such benefits was harder to quantify, but it had been estimated that pet owners saved the National Health Service some £2.3 billion each year, as a result, for example, of them making fewer visits to their doctor for minor ailments, the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and obesity that had been found among pet owners, or their improved recovery rates after illness. However, Professor Mills pointed out, media attention more often focused on the negative side of pet ownership, such as the cost of dog bites to the NHS, which had been estimated at approximately £9.5 million for 2011. So where did vets come in? Vets had a key role to play in 'one welfare', he said, in helping to maximise the benefits of pet keeping, recognising that the welfare of pets and their owners was inextricably linked. However, it was also important to recognise that the owner-pet relationship was not an equal partnership, with the owner ultimately holding the decisionmaking power over the non-human companion. Vets therefore could act as an advocate for the pet and arbitrate in an animal's interests to help an owner make the right decision. Companion animals were important to the one welfare concept and, while one welfare had costs associated with it, it also brought many benefits, both economically and in other ways. It was important to capitalise on these, Professor Mills concluded. doi: 10.1136/vr.e3116


Men have continually shaped their communal life as exaction. Their social relations exist as a mesh of command and subordination, dominance and obedience, exploitation and submission, power and alienation. Philosophers, of course, maintain that the orders of inequality which originate in this way are natural; but Utopias manifest the mistrust of such a doctrine from the outset. The dream of social justice interferes with the reality of hierarchically structured societies. It makes the lower classes malcontent and the upper classes talkative. Occasionally the former express their annoyance in insurrections and revolts; the latter regularly narrate about the beauty and expediency of difference. In doing so they put up with a limited stock of metaphors. Common motifs delineate society as being a ship or a body. Both should make understandable that social life requires supremacy. A ship without a captain starts pitching. A body without a head loses orientation. 1 The narration about the functionality of the hierarchically structured whole includes ideas concerning the inequality of its parts. The limbs of the body and the members of the crew are not considered as being equivalent. The social legend of the shared identity of unequal individuals is combined with myths about their descent. In Athens all citizens were to be convinced that they were members of the polis and therefore relatives. Nevertheless, they were to be divided into classes because the gods had added gold, silver, or iron to them appropriate to their social function. In Peru it was said that the sun had hatched out human beings from three different eggs: the chiefs from a golden egg, their wives from a silver one, and all the men and women of the labouring classes from a copper one. 2 * All quotations from other than English sources have been translated. Italics or similar emphases in the originals are not included.


The purpose of this research is to test the efficacy of different types of SO2-generating pads on the incidence of gray mold, and on the physicochemical properties of quality of 'BRS Nubia' seeded table grapes grown under protected cultivation. Four types of SO2-generating pads, 5 or 8 g of sodium metabisulfite dual release pads, and 4 or 7 g of sodium metabisulfite slow release pads, were used. Grapes bunches were harvested from a vineyard covered with plastic mash and stored in a cold room at 1 ± 1 °C for 45 days followed by 6 days of shelf life at 22 ± 1 °C at a high relative humidity (>95%). The results showed that SO2-generating pads with a dual release of 5 or 8 g completely inhibited the development of gray mold at all evaluation times. Also, a high reduction of the disease incidence was achieved by using a slow release of 4 g. The study confirmed that SO2-generating pads did not alter the physicochemical properties of 'BRS Nubia' seeded table grapes including mass loss, berry firmness, color index, total anthocyanin concentration, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and the TSS/TA ratio. Slow release pads at 4 and 7 g reduced the percentage of shattered berries by 56 and 48% as compared to control only after 6 days of shelf life. Also, all types of SO2-generating pads reduced the stem browning score at the end of cold storage. The 5 or 8 g dual release pads and 4 g slow release pads can be considered for effective controlling of gray mold for 'BRS Nubia' table grapes grown under protected cultivation while maintaining grape quality.


Details of the drug trial in France in which one man died and others were left with severe health problems have emerged, but there is still no clear evidence of what went wrong.

After Le Figaro published the trial protocol,1 the French national agency for the safety of medicines and health products formally released it. The report revealed the chemical structure of the drug BIA 10-2474, developed by the Portuguese company Bial, and the trial procedure—single administrations of the drug at increasingly higher doses, followed by multiple administrations given on successive days.

Of the six people who …


According to the application demands and characteristics of smart home control system, the home smart system is analyzed and studied. The kind of smart home control system based on Cortex-A8 and ZigBee is designed. The system consists of three parts include user intelligent control terminal, embedded home gateway and home ZigBee wireless network. It can perform functions such as safety and alarm, the indoor environment testing, household electrical appliances control and intelligent lighting and other functions. Users can access Internet web to monitor the home furnishing remotely. The users can also use cell phone with Android smart furnishing control client applications to interact remotely with home furnishing device. The experimental results show that the smart home control system is stable, reliable and practical.


We show that the renormalization group beta functions in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model identically vanish in all order due to the compositeness condition. Accordingly the effective coupling constants are entirely fixed and do not run with the renormalization scale.


An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2F8 specific to a mammalian muscle protein was developed to evaluate the endpoint heating temperature (EPT) in ground pork and beef. The ELISA response of MAb 2F8 with meat extracts increased rapidly as the EPT increased from 60 to 80 °C and leveled off above 80 °C. Results of immunoblot revealed that the 12 kD antigenic thermo-stable muscle protein, which is common in both pork and beef, can be used as an EPT indicator for heat-processed pork and beef based on changes in the ratio of this protein to total soluble proteins in the meat extract which occurs at the EPT. Un dosage ELISA indirect, utilisant un anticorps monoclonal (MAb) 2F8 specifique a des proteines musculaires de mammiferes, est developpe pour evaluer la temperature finale de cuisson de viandes de porc et de boeuf hachees. Les resultats de l'immunoblotting montrent que la proteine musculaire thermostable antigenique 12 kD, qui est commune au porc et au boeuf, peut etre utilisee comme indicateur de temperature finale de chauffage.


After fifteen years of legal and political maneuvering, the landmark litigation in Wyatt v. Stickney1 has ended. In a September 22, 1986 order, a U.S. District Court Judge approved a consent settlement in the case that began the discussion of a constitutional right to treat ment for involuntarily committed mental patients. Wyatt is also remarkable as a model for judicial ac tivism in the 1970s. In 1972, the court established specific standards of care to redefine Alabama's public policy regarding institutionalized mental patients. Federal Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr. articulated a new right to treat ment that later was applied in part to prisoners and juveniles. While the constitutional reasoning in Wyatt was never fully embraced by the higher courts, the right to treatment and the "Wyatt standards" have not been overruled. Ironically, this landmark case has become a study in non-compliance rather than implementation, and the 1986 consent settlement turns on the perception that the court lacked the power to force change. While the par ties acknowledge that compliance has never been achieved, the court ruled that it lacked discretion to re ject the proposed settlement, although active court super vision could be reinstated if the state failed to abide by its terms.


The reduction efficiency of the extracts of Albizia amara and Acacia concinna against most widely used organophosphorus pesticides such as dimethoate, malathion, dichlorvos, and chlorpyrifos on tomato samples was investigated. The pesticide residues were quantified by gas chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC‐MS/MS). The maximum reduction efficiency was achieved from the samples treated with 8% A. concinna extract on dichlorvos (87%) and dimethoate (84%) followed by 6% A. amara on malathion (83%) and chlorpyrifos (64%) and comparatively higher than water wash and it shows the reduction of only 14–38% for 15 min. The sensorial property and lycopene content of tomato samples were assessed and these plant extracts showed no significant effects on color, texture, and lycopene content after washing treatment. These phytochemical rich plant extracts exhibited greater reduction ability against pesticide residues without changing the nutritional and sensorial characteristics of the treated tomato samples. The current study may be a platform for formulating a cost‐effective, safe, and natural cleanser for the effective removal of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Presence of multiple pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is a worldwide problem in food safety. Particularly, tomatoes are most often consumed without cooking, hence it is essential to estimate the pesticide reduction efficiency of the common washing procedure. Washing of tomatoes with chemical solutions to remove pesticide residues leads to additional chemical exposure. Therefore, the reduction efficiency of natural plant extracts such as Albizia amara and Acacia concinna on four pesticides (dimethoate, malathion, dichlorvos, and chlorpyrifos) was studied. The method for the analysis of pesticide using GC‐MS/MS was validated according to SANTE 11813/2017 to detect the pesticide residues in tomatoes after each washing treatment. This study showed that the natural extracts could be a good tool for the removal of multipesticide residues effectively from the tomatoes without compromising its nutritional and sensory properties. The pesticide decontamination with plant extracts was effective, economic and safe for household and commercial applications.


The aim of the present paper is to compare teamwork performance between Non profit and
Public sector organizations. Some of the scales of the Aston Team Performance Inventory (ATPI)
was administered to 400 employees from Non profit and Public sector organizations. The dimensional
structure of the questionnaire was verified against the original version, through a factorial
analysis run via SPSS 16.0. The ANOVA was used to test the relationship between team processes
and satisfaction against the type of organization (Public vs NPO).
The two groups of participants showed differences both in terms of leadership processes and
leadership style regarding teamwork as well as teamwork output. Non profit employees emerged as
the group where the teamwork is more effective.
Practical implications: to understand which dimensions of teamwork are to be improved in each
group and which ones can be considered as an example of excellence, therefore serve as a reference
for good practice. Furthermore, it is often questioned whether instruments and methods used
among Profit and Public organizations should be used also for NPOs, and ATPI emerged as an effective
tool also for those organizations, where team work is quire widespread


The EOSTAR model aims at assessing the performance of electro-optical (EO) sensors deployed in a maritime surface scenario, by providing operational performance measures (such as detection ranges) and synthetic images. The target library of EOSTAR includes larger surface vessels, for which the exhaust plume may constitute a significant signature element in the thermal wavelength bands. The main steps of the methodology to include thermal signatures of exhaust plumes in EOSTAR are discussed, and illustrative examples demonstrate the impact of the ship's superstructure, the plume exit conditions, and the environment on the plume behavior and signature.


In this paper, the proportionate normalized least mean square (PNLMS) and its modifications, such as improved PNLMS (IPNLMS) and μ‐law PNLMS (MPNLMS) algorithms, developed for a sparse system, are analyzed for a compressed input signal. This analysis is based on a comparative study of the steady‐state error and convergence time for the original signal and the compressed signal. Further, in this paper, a filter PNLMS (FPNLMS) algorithm that is a modification of the IPNLMS algorithm is proposed. The FPNLMS algorithm uses a step size varying in time to adapt to the sparse system. Simulations are carried out to compare the proposed FPNLMS algorithm for different signal‐to‐noise ratio for a compressed input signal with existing algorithms, ie, PNLMS, MPNLMS, and IPNLMS algorithms. The FPNLMS algorithm achieves a better steady‐state and convergence time compared with other existing algorithms in both low and high SNRs. The FPNLMS algorithm is further simulated for a real transfer function to show its robustness compared with existing algorithms.


The encounter between Jesus and the woman of Samaria is unique to the fourth gospel. Water symbolism and the true nature of worship constitute two major motifs that are woven into its narration. The meeting at the well touches off a discussion about water, and this discussion leads into one on worship. The connection between the two topics has not received hitherto a satisfactory solution, A. Guilding's work has the merit of recognizing the problem but her structural solution is unsatisfactory because it fails to make any connection in sense between the two.1 A matter that arouses curiosity concerns the subject of water common to the discussion Jesus and the woman have and the preceding section of material about purification and baptism by water as discussed by a Jew,2 the disciples of John the Baptist, and the Baptist himself. The fact that the incidents in question are set down in proximity invites scrutiny. Attention to the above two problems results in an interesting interpretation of the encounter.


This study examined how the triarchic model of grit (i.e., perseverance of effort, consistency of interests, and adaptability to situations) is related to cultivation of genuine happiness, loneliness, and COVID-19 anxiety in American (n = 643) and Filipino (n = 546) undergraduate students. It also explored whether grit had indirect effects on such social and well-being outcomes via relatedness needs satisfaction and meaning in life. Results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that whereas all grit dimensions were linked to increased relatedness needs satisfaction and meaning in life in the United States, only consistency and adaptability were associated with such constructs in the Philippines. Meaning in life was related to increased cultivation of happiness and reduced loneliness in both societies. Relatedness needs satisfaction was associated with higher happiness as well as decreased COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness in the United States and the Philippines. Finally, evidence supported indirect effects of of selected grit's dimensions on mental health outcomes via relatedness needs satisfaction and meaning in life in both settings. This research complements existing literature on the relational and psychological benefits of staying gritty in different societies.


The IEU has written to CCER to make a claim for increased salaries and improved conditions and entitlements for employees working in Catholic independent schools.


Provided is a projection type display device that can suppress the deterioration of image quality even if a light source has a defect. A projection type display device is provided with optical modulation elements (12a, 12b, 12c), light sources (10a, 10b, 10c) that emit light from light emitting units (11a, 11b, 11c), and illumination optical systems including light condensing optical systems (14a, 14b, 14c), and vibrators (16). The optical modulation elements have optical modulation surfaces (13a, 13b, 13c) for modulating incident light in accordance with image information. The light condensing optical systems condense the light from the light sources to form images on the optical modulation surfaces. The vibrators (16) vibrate components composing the illumination optical systems to move areas on the modulation surfaces to which the light is irradiated from the illumination optical systems.


My aim in this paper is to analyse the notion of mathematical disagreements and, particularly, the possibility of there being "faultless disagreements" in mathematics. In order to do so, and after having clarified the basic concepts involved in the debate, I compare disagreements concerning basic axioms in mathematics (i.e. the axiom of choice) with aesthetic disagreements. I conclude that there cannot be faultless disagreements in mathematics, either they are mere misunderstandings or one of the agents involved is mistaken (at fault). In this brief notes, I elaborate on an objection raised against this conclusion involving the use of intuitionist logics


Two fractional factorial designs are isomorphic if one can be obtairled fro111 t,he ot,ller by reordering the treat,rilerit cornbinations, relabeling the factor levels and relabeliq t.lle factors. By defining a word-pat,tern matrix, we are able to c reak a new iso1riorpliis1ll check which is much fast,cr than existing checks for certain ~i tuat~ions. We co r~ ib in~ this with a new, ext,rerrlely fast, sufficient condition for non-isomorpliisnl t,o avoid checking certain cases. We then create a faster search algorithm by combining the Bingliam and Sitter (1999) search algoritlini, the isomorphism check algorit'hni of Clark and De;w (2001) with our proposed isomorpliism check. The algoritliril is used t.o extend tllp known set of exist,ing nori-isomorphic 128-run designs to situat,ions wit,li 12. 13. 14. all(]


This paper describes a computer program (Anatopo) useful for dealing with actual large scale power systems described by graphs, defined by a list of nodes (e.g. substations) and branches (e.g. transmission lines). The program have several independent modules which can be applied to a power system, producing a set of diagnoses and topological operations previously selected by the analyst. It has several practical applications related with studies involving the evaluation of power flows, short-circuits, grid structural properties and many others.


21 clinical healthy Holstein dairy cows(CMT-negative),19 dairy cows infected with recessive mastitis(CMT-positive)and 33 dairy cows infected with clinical mastitis were randomly selected,and blood samples were taken from the jugular vein for measuring serum biochemical indexes of total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),globulin(GLOB),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG)and immunoglobulin IgA,IgM and IgG.The results showed that the serum ALP and NAG activities of the dairy cows infected with clinical mastitis were significantly higher than those of healthy dairy cows and the dairy cows infected with recessive mastitis(P0.01 or P0.05),the serum immunoglobulin IgA,IgM and IgG contents of the clinical dairy cows were significantly higher than those of the healthy dairy cows(P0.01 or P0.05).The serum ALP and NAG activities and immunoglobulin IgA,IgM,IgG contents of the dairy cows infected with recessive mastitis were higher than those of the healthy dairy cows,but there had no significant difference(P0.05).The serum TP,ALB and GLOB contents among 3 groups of dairy cows were not significant difference(P0.05).


A novel dual‐band bandpass filter using stepped impedance resonator is proposed in this letter. New coupling structures are illustrated to replace the normal counterparts, the circuit size is reduced about 40% compared with the conventional BPF with the same specifications, while the new structure can generate two transmission zeros in the insertion loss response, to validate the design and analysis, two dual‐band bandpass filters centered at 2.4 GHz/5.2 GHz and 2.4 GHz/5.7 GHz for WLAN application were fabricated and measured, it is shown that the measured and simulated performance are in good agreement. The bandpass filters achieved insertion loss of less than 2 dB and return loss of greater than 16 dB in each band. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1466–1468, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23394


Summary: Anxiety over time during the COVID-19 pandemic was impacted individual treatment factors more than pandemic related factors (facility closure, telehealth availability) showing the importance of continued therapeutic services.


INTRODUCTION: Missile injuries of the spine has been reported literatures, The neurosurgical concern in such injuries is the degree of damage sustained during the bullet traversing the bony and neural tissue and their effect on long term follow up.PRESENTATIION: This report describes an interesting case of gunshot traversing the cervical vertebral body, the spinal cord and the posterior element without appearance of any bony destruction or neurological deficit.DISCUSSION: The patient was managed conservatively with long term follow up clinically and radiological with excellent recovery.CONCLUSION: Surgery should be served for specific cases according to the severity of the trauma and its effect.


Presented in this paper is a comparison of the neural network approach and the traditional factor approach for estimating annual average daily traffic (AADT) from 48-h sample traffic counts. Minnesota's automatic traffic recorder (ATR) sites are investigated. The traditional AADT estimation approach involves application of volume adjustment factors to sample counts. The neural network model used in this study is based on a multilayered, feed-forward, and back-propagation design for supervised learning. The results of AADT estimation from a single shortperiod traffic count indicate that as compared with the neural network approach, the estimation errors for the factor approach can be lower under a scenario in which ATR sites are grouped appropriately and the sample sites are correctly assigned to various ATR groups. Unfortunately, the current recommended practice offers little guidance on how to achieve the assignment accuracy that may be necessary for obtaining reliable AADT estimates from sample counts. The advantage of the neural network approach is that classification of ATR sites and sample site assignments are not required. The neural network approach can be particularly suitable for estimating AADT from two or more shortperiod traffic counts taken at different times during the counting season.


Two main factors hinder the effective incorporation of ecological information from computer models into resource management at large spatial scales: (1) some models are not based on ecologically sound principles; (2) most models based on sound principles are too sophisticated or detailed. This paper presents a generic model based on well established ecological principles with an appropriate level of detail to better server sustainable resource management decision making. The model was developed to simulate seasonal and annual growth, foliage projective cover (FPC), and evaporative coefficient in the Ordos plateau, where serious desertification happened recently. The value of k is based on the relations between precipitation, evapotranspiration, drainage and soil moisture and derived by iterative method when plant community, soil moisture and precipitation reached the equilibrium point. Other parameters of plant community were calculated by well validated empirical equations. Observed NPP data in the study area were used to validate the model, and the model results were in high agreement with observed data. The model was used to simulate evaporative coefficient, FPC, and annual production in the study area. The simulation results indicate that the k parameter is lower than 0.35×10~(-2) and implies a typical dry climate in study area. Estimated foliage projective cover of plant community is lower than 50%, and the annual production is very low——less than 1 t/(hm~2\5a) in most of sites. About 90% of annual NPP was produced during May to August (four months). Based on the results by this model, the coverage of restored vegetation should be less than 50% when vegetation rehabilitation engineering was conducted, and livestock density should be lie between 0.8~2.0 sheep unit/hm~2 in the Ordos plateau.


during the follow-up. There was a slight fall in the levels of diastolic blood pressure, at the limit of significance. Significant deviations from baseline regarding fasting glucose were not noted, but the mean hemoglobin concentration tended to increase. Weight gain (mean 3.9 kg at 12 months) and menstrual irregularity (occurred in more than 70% of all visits) were the main reasons for discontinuation of the method. Twenty-seven patients were accompanied during 12 months and the continuity rate at that time was 81.5%. Conclusion: depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is a satisfactory contraceptive method for adolescents.


Multi-stage horizontal well fracturing with several perforating clusters in each stage is an important completion technique in tight gas and shale gas reservoirs. Due to the stress field interference, different perforation parameters and unevenly distributed cluster distance lead to individual fracture pressure, which determines whether the clusters can all be initiated during the fracturing process. The ABAQUS software can be used to create the 3D finite element model of horizontal multi-stage fracturing with several clusters and to analyze the fracture pressure influenced by different parameter set of helix perforation, such as phase angle, tunnel diameter, tunnel depth and perforating density. Based on the results of perforation parameter analysis, the simulation method can be validated with actual treatment data from Jilin oil field.


Dispersion in fiber optic is wavelength dependent and it degrades the quality of service (QoS) in an optical network. To overcome this problem, proposed an efficient QoS oriented path length based wavelength assignment strategy which assign the wavelength according to the path length. In this approach, the connection requests with shorter lightpath are assigned the wavelengths having higher dispersion and the wavelengths having lesser dispersion are assigned to the lightpaths with larger distance. This strategy is the optimum choice for large size networks where the number of requests are high.


The Cornell 10-GeV Electron Synchrotron, built in 1968 for fixed-target physics, has served since 1979 as injector to the storage ring CESR. In this mode, which calls for a sparse fill pattern (45 bunches at most), the original beam position monitors are ineffective. An improved system, now under construction, is described.


This study aims to analyze the social integration based on cultural traditional competence amongst communities of Hindu Balinese ethnic and Islam Sasak ethnic in the District Bayan, North Lombok Regency, Indonesia. Based on the results of the research found that differences ethnic and religious can be built a mutual communication which the accumulations can form a social consciousness, which is incorporated in the form of associational ties of culture art group. The symptoms can not be separated from the growth of multiculturalism attitudes since historical times. Amongst community of Hindu Balinese ethnic encounter with the community of Islam Sasak ethnic since the historical have a cultural identity which has been endowed by their ancestor. Cultural identity in each ethnic community has potentially forming acculturation. Traditional cultural competency displayed through cultural arts festival amongst the two ethnic communities as the medium to juxtapose each emotion so the opportunity to melt the barriers differences that exist between the two ethnic groups. That phenomenon has awakened mutualistic communication which was able to construct social solidarity. Art Cultural festival that encapsulates the two ethnic communities was used in social activities carried out by each ethnic communities. The case implies that the social bond amongst people who have different ethnic groups living in the region over the bridge cultural competence.


This paper presents an overview of a situational analysis of inclusive schooling in Spain from the perspective of students with special educational needs. The purpose of this work was to learn how young people collectively considered their experiences of school inclusion. The participants—aged 12–19 years who attended six different settings—highlighted the school community, resources, teacher pedagogy, support and social cohesion as germane aspects of their inclusion. Through a presentation of these characteristics, this analysis demonstrates how schools can effectively fulfil the core requirement of teaching and supporting diversity and, in so doing, how they can incite included subjectivities of differently abled students. This analysis is positioned within the climate of economic instability in Spain, which threatens to derail the headway made towards inclusive schooling via the introduction of severe austerity measures.


Anthocyanin pigment from fresh roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) was extracted with
hot water (80 oC) at a ratio of 1:1 (by weight) for 5 minutes. Roselle pigment extract
was passed through an hydraulic press, filter press and evaporated with a rotary
evaporator until total soluble solid was 20 oBrix. Roselle pigment extract was used as
a colorant in pectin jelly at concentrations of 0.30, 0.40, 0.50 and 0.60 percent (by total
weight) compared with synthetic red colorants at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.03
percent (by total weight). The results showed that the color characteristics of jelly with
0.60 percent of roselle pigment or 0.03 percent of the synthetic colorants had no
significant difference (p>0.05). During storing at 4 oC for 4 weeks, the jelly with roselle
pigment showed more color retention and gel strength than jelly using the synthetic
colorants. The acceptable sensory scores were also significantly higher for roselle than
for those using the synthetic colorants.


PISA research on Space and Shape content in the test consists of problems of space and shape, changes in relationships, numbers and probabilities. This study aims to identify the mathematical literacy skills of grade IX junior high school students in solving PISA questions with the content of  Space and Shape. The subjects in this study were students of class IX A SMP Negeri 5 Kepanjen with an average age of 15 years. This type of research in this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection conducted in this study is a test method and interview method. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion, it was found that only 2 students or 8.3% of students who had mathematical literacy skills were able to reach level 5.


Abstract Email is one of the most common and useful online communication tools. However, older adults tend to have difficulties fully taking advantage of email. Organizing the information in the email software environment and sending a message to selected recipients are examples of common email-related problem-solving. To date, little data are available to understand the email-related problem-solving behaviors of older adults. Nationally representative survey data and log-file data of the U.S. adults (n = 1,341) are derived from the 2012 Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), which provides computer-based assessment data on problem-solving skills. The PIAAC respondents used the computer device and solved the problems in the simulated email environment. Descriptive summary showed that those 55 years and older took longer (169 seconds), referred to the help menu (15%) and used the cancel button (26%) more often than younger age groups (e.g., age 25-34; 103 seconds, 3% and 17%, respectively) in one of the tasks. Additionally, binary logistic regression showed that taking longer time (odds-ratio = 0.99, p < 0.05) and using the help menu (odds-ratio = 0.85, p < 0.05) were associated with the incorrect answer to the email problem-solving, although the findings varied across different types of problems. These unique findings from the combination of survey and log-file data analyses suggested that some older adults may benefit from the training for common email-related problems rather than teaching themselves. Detailed descriptions of computer-based assessment log file data and other results are also evaluated in this study.


The main purpose of this paper is the assessment of emotions using Electroencephalogram (EEG) and peripheral physiological signals and improve recognition accuracy of emotional states using combination mechanism. At the first step, according to the type of signals, effective features were extracted in the time and frequency domains; then, by using the Fisher's Linear Discriminant (FLD) method, the most effective features were selected. Based on these features, six classifiers were used: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Nearest Mean (NM), K-Nearest Neighborhood (K-NN), 1-Nearest Neighborhood (1-NN), FLD and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). They classified emotions in two classes (low and high) through arousal, valence and liking dimensions. The leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method has been implemented to evaluate the performance of classifiers. To enhance the accuracy of classification, combination at feature and classifier levels were performed. Via the concatenation method, combination at feature level was done. Then, by Majority voting, Fixed and Stacking algorithms, combination at classifier level were implemented. Results showed that these classifiers were selected properly and comparing with previous works, good improvements were achieved by them. Finally, by using combination methods, obtained recognition accuracy was much more reliable and combination at classifier level resulted in significant improvement


This study's aim was evaluate the growth of silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen ) fingerlings on five dissolved oxygen concentrations: 1,3 (T1), 2,4 (T2), 3,7 (T3), 5,4 (T4) and 7,5 mg O 2 /L (T5). A completely random design experiment with three repetitions was used and the experiment was carried out during 25 days. Fingerlings were distributed in circular, 150-L fiberglass tanks kept in darkness, endowed with mechanic and biological filters and water renewal, at a stocking density of 34 individuals/tank. Survival was lower at the extreme tested levels (T1 and T5). Better growth in weight, length and food conversion were found at increasing oxygen concentrations. Even at the lowest oxygen concentration (T1) fingerlings showed growth increase. The best effects on silver catfish fingerlings development was observed at T4


The stereoiogic ultrastructure of benign and malignant hydatidiform mole was studied by using scanning electron microscope. Scarcely and unevenly distributed microviili were revealed over the trophoblastic surface of benign moles. Between the microviili there fine threads intermingled with each other and appeared as networks. On the contrary, the trophoblastic dicrovilli of malignant moles were abundant and covered densely the whole surface of cells. The malignant microviili were club-shaped with blunt tip. In malignant mole, we didn't find any fine thread seen in benign mole. It was concluded that scanning electron microscope may be helpful for differ ential diagnosis of benign and malignant hydatidiform mole.


As photosynthesis is the basic process during which light energy is absorbed
 and converted into organic matter, the importance of the plant pigment
 chlorophyll (a and b forms) as an intermediary in transformation of the
 absorbed solar energy and its activity in the process of photosynthesis and
 synthesis of organic substances in plants are crucial. Therefore, this paper
 provides an overview of methods for monitoring the optical activity of
 chlorophyll molecules and methods (non-destructive and destructive) for
 quantification of chlorophyll in plants. These methods are used to estimate
 the effects of different stress factors (abiotic, biotic and xenobiotic) on
 the efficiency of photosynthesis and bioproductivity, aiming to assess the
 impact that these limiting factors have on the yield of various cultivars.
 Also, those methods for analysis of chlorophyll optical activity and/or
 content are appropriate for assessing the reaction of weed species to
 different agricultural practices (mineral nutrition, treatment by herbicides,
 etc.) and studies of different aspects of weed ecophysiology and their
 influence on crop harvest. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br.
 TR 31018 and br. TR 31037]


Classroom communication,as the central feature in teaching and learning in foreign language classrooms, greatly influences the ultimate instructional goal and language learning and acquisition. This paper first probes from six aspects the nature and features of communication in foreign language classrooms. The six aspects being discussed are as follows:1)the communication context;2)the communication situations;3)the communicative tasks; 4)the structure of communication;5)the patterns of communication;6) the participants of communication. Then it discusses their implications for FLT, especially for classroom-based language teaching and learning.


We have reported that sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) plays an important role in the positive regulation of the renal dopamine receptor subtype 1 (D1R); siRNA-gene silencing of renal SNX5 increased the bloo...


Human capital is an important factor in the economic growth. Sichuan Province is crucial to western economic development. Through reckoning the material capital storage as well as the primary,intermediate and highlevel human capital storage in Sichuan during 1996-2007,the contributions of different educational level human capital to economic growth were analyzed based on Lucas Extended Model. The results indicate that the labor force input is the key to the Sichuan economic growth. While human capital has a smaller contribution to the growth,the middle education human capital has a relatively strong explanation. Analysis on the status quo of primary,intermediate and highlevel human capital storage shows that all levels of human capital storage fluctuate hugely,and human capital factor does not play its role fully in Sichuan economic growth.


The aim of this work is the study of the dynamic el ectrophoretic mobility of a spherical particle in a realistic concentrated aqueous salt-f ree suspension. A pure salt-free suspension is composed by the char ged particles in solution and the added counterions released from the surfaces of the parti cles as they get charged. A realistic aqueous salt-free suspension includes other ionic species a ssociated with water dissociation and those stemming from the CO 2 contamination if the suspension is open to the atm osphere. Very recently, a renewed interest in the study of s alt-free suspensions is being dedicated [1]. Our AC electrokinetic model is based on a new doubl e layer model for spherical particles in realistic salt-free suspensions recently developed by the authors [2], which predicts a huge magnitude of the realistic corrections for many con ditions typically found with salt-free suspensions. We use a cell model [3] to account for particle-particle interactions, which has been successfully applied to many different phenome na in concentrated suspensions [4,5]. We have addressed very recently the dynamic electro phoresis in realistic salt-free suspensions under equilibrium approximations to account for the chemical reactions taking place in the suspension [6]. We have found a quite large influen ce of water dissociation and/or CO 2 contamination on the mobility at low particle volum e fractions as the role of the added counterions is screened by the other ionic species. Also, we showed the appearance of a second Maxwell-Wagner process at the high frequency side of the mobility spectrum when the particle surface charge is sufficiently high, w hich was associated with the presence of a counterion condensation region close to the surface of the particle. In the present work we use a more rigorous procedur e to account for non-equilibrium association-dissociation chemical reactions: they a re described by non-equilibrium kinetic equations, sketched in a seminal paper by Baygents a d Saville [7] concerning weak electrolytes. The results confirm the large effects of water dissociation and CO 2 contamination along the frequency mobility spectrum , and also the presence of a lowfrequency relaxation process of an alpha-type relat ed to the relaxation of the concentration gradient of neutral species. We conclude that the neglecting of the non-equilibr ium dissociation-association processes could lead to serious errors when comparing standar d theory and experiments.


Objective: To investigate the effect of intraarticular blocking,lavage and injection of hyaluronic acid(3 injection therapy) in combination with passive mouth-opening exercise post-injection on the treatment of chronic anterior disc displacement without reduction(ADDwor) of temporomandibular joint.Methods: 252 patients of chronic ADDwor were divided into experimental group and control group at random.Each of them received 3 injection therapy.In addition,150 cases in the experimental group undertook passive mouth-opening exercise,but 102 cases in the control group didn't.Results: The effective rate of experimental group and control group was 81.3%,and 42.2% respectively.By statistical analyses,there had significant difference between two groups(P≤0.05).Conclusion: Three injection therapy combining passive mouth-opening post-injection has significant effectiveness on the treatment of ADDwor.


QUESTIONS outnumbered answers and anecdotal accounts nearly eclipsed study conclusions at the sessions on women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease at the Eighth International Conference on AIDS, held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. But the fact that 25 sessions were devoted to the subject at this year's conference, rather than three as in 1991, is encouraging to sufferers and scientists alike. Worldwide, the number of women who become infected with HIV—and progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—will soon surpass the number of men with the disease. In 1990, the proportion of HIV-positive adults who were women was 25%. Today, it is at least 40% and continuing to rise, according to AIDS in the World 1992 ( JAMA . 1992;268:445-446). Why devote special conference sessions to one sex when talking about something that so obviously involves both? For one thing, following directly from the number of women infected is the number of children born


Work has empirical character and locus of control and sense of coherence concerns with preferred strategies relationships advice me with women's stress with crayfish of breast. It advices to measurement of practical strategies me with stress were used was The Ways of Copying Questionnaire (WCQ) S. Folkman and R. Lazarus. Do it examining locus of control was used I-E Scale R.B. Rottera and the sense of coherence to measurement were used SOC - 29 A. Antonovsky. 64 women in investigation the relating modificatory part locus of control in report the control to strategy advice me with stress took the part, in age 34-73 years with different level of education and the recognition of tumour of chest gland as well as the healthy womens supervisory group. 50 sick's women in investigation the relating modificatory part of sense of coherence in report to strategy advice me with stress took part on tumour of breast in age 20-60 years from average even 43,68 years with different level education as well as group supervisory healthy women. It was affirmed that the locus of control and sense of coherence have with strategies relationship advice me with stress. The ill women on crayfish of breast more often, than the healthy women, the strategies of advice apply me to be well - versed in emotionally and avoidance.


Introduction: Ligamentous injuries of the ankle are very commonly encountered in orthopaedic practice and 40% of these injuries constitute the Anterior Talo-Fibuar ligament (ATFL) injuries. It is the weakest of the lateral ligaments. Unless there is significant joint instability, surgery is rarely indicated in the treatment of isolated ATFL injuries. Our study focused on the assessment of the long term outcome of isolated ATFL injuries treated by conservatively. Material and Methods: We included 20 patients who presented to us with isolated ATFL injury from January 2015 to march 2015 for this prospective study. The diagnosis was confirmed with an MRI. 12(60%) patients were grade II and 8 (40%) patients were grade III. All the patients were conservatively treated with the POLICE protocol and weight-bearing was advised as tolerated but strictly with a proper ankle support. Patients were followed up at the end of 1 week, 2 week, 1 month,3 month and at 6 months. Patients were evaluated with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Foot and Ankle Outcome score (FAOS). Results: There was statistically significant improvement in the VAS and FAOS scores. From the pre-treatment scores of 9.1 and 53, they improved to 1.4 and 91 respectively at the final follow-up. Conclusion: From our prospective study, we conclude that conservative management of isolated ATFL injuries is a safe and effective method of treatment.


The Taiwan Chelungpu‐fault Drilling Project (TCDP) drilled a 2‐km‐deep research borehole to investigate the structure and mechanics of the Chelungpu Fault that ruptured in the 1999 Mw 7.6 Chi‐Chi earthquake. Geophysical logs of the TCDP were carried out over depths of 500–1900 m, including Dipole Sonic Imager (DSI) logs and Formation Micro Imager (FMI) logs in order to identify bedding planes, fractures and shear zones. From the continuous core obtained from the borehole, a shear zone at a depth of 1110 meters is interpreted to be the Chelungpu fault, located within the Chinshui Shale, which extends from 1013 to 1300 meters depth. Stress‐induced borehole breakouts were observed over nearly the entire length of the wellbore. These data show an overall stress direction (∼N115°E) that is essentially parallel to the regional stress field and parallel to the convergence direction of the Philippine Sea plate with respect to the Eurasian plate. Variability in the average stress direction is seen at various depths. In particular there is a major stress orientation anomaly in the vicinity of the Chelungpu fault. Abrupt stress rotations at depths of 1000 m and 1310 m are close to the Chinshui Shale's upper and lower boundaries, suggesting the possibility that bedding plane slip occurred during the Chi‐Chi earthquake.


Abstract Spectral analysis of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) time series over equatorial Africa reveals large oscillations of the convection with periods of between 3 and 6 days. In March and April, when the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) migrates northward and crosses equatorial Africa, this periodic behavior is most pronounced with a marked peak at 5–6 days. Robust horizontal and vertical patterns, consistent with a convectively coupled Kelvin wave, can be extracted by a simple composite technique based only on the phase of the convective oscillations over equatorial Africa. The composite reveals differences between continental and adjacent oceanic regions. Over the continent, the stronger oscillation of the convection is associated with larger temperature and moisture anomalies near the surface, suggesting an influence of diabatic processes on the amplitude of the perturbations. Some convective events over equatorial Africa are triggered by waves propagating eastward over the equatorial A...


An 85 ‒ year ‒ old woman was admitted to our hospital for back pain and severe bilateral anterior thigh pain. She was radiographically diagnosed with an L2 osteoporotic vertebral compressed fracture accompanied by an intervertebral cleft with consequent bilateral L2 / 3 foraminal stenosis. We first performed a bilateral L2 root block since she had severe congestive heart failure. Her anterior thigh pain subsided thereafter, but she complained of left leg dominant paraparesis 8 weeks later. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) revealed a large cystic mass posterolaterally in the spinal canal, compressing the cauda equina at the T11 ‒ L1 level, with an intensity identical to that of fluid in the L2 vertebral cleft and cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) . The wall of the cyst was enhanced by gadolinium ‒ diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ( GD ‒ DTPA ) . Because of her severe paresis, the patient under-went T11 ‒ L1 left ‒ side hemilaminectomy and removal of the cyst wall. The cyst wall was very thin and could not be dissected from the dura ; therefore, only the outer wall of the cyst was removed. The fluid in the cyst was serous and slightly yellowish. The resected cyst wall and fluid were culture ‒ negative. Microscopic inspection showed granulation tissue mainly consisting of collagen fibers with bone and cartilage fragments. Although the patient showed marked recovery from paraparesis after the operation, the paraparesis deteriorated after extradural drain removal. MRI showed a recurrent large cystic mass and subcutaneous fluid collection. A computed tomography myelogram performed 6 hours after contrast medium ( CM ) injection showed relatively dense CM in the vicinity of the right L2 root and L2 vertebral cleft. However, CM in the cyst and subcutaneous space was thin-ner than that in the cleft. We speculated that the pseudoarthrosis of the L2 cleft drew CSF from the hole in the L2 root made by the root block into the L2 cleft with lumbar extension and excreted the pooled CSF into the extradural space with lumbar flexion. Histological findings suggested that the excreted CSF in the extradural space was converted to granulation tissue. Thereafter, the patient was treated successfully with spinal drainage and subsequent spinal column reconstruction surgery. Intraspinal cystic masses causing neurological deficits, which are considered to be derived from fluid in the intervertebral cleft, are extremely rare. To our knowledge, only three cases have been reported. We present a case with paraparesis caused by an intraspinal cystic mass derived from the intervertebral cleft in conjunction with an L2 root block.


Metformin is one of the most widely used anti-diabetic medication. Lactic acidosis although very rare is a serious complication of metformin use. It can be life-threatening with mortality as high as 50% if not recognized and treated early. We report a rare case of fatal metformin poisoning due to severe lactic acidosis following a 40 yr old divorcee with primary infertility secondary to polycystic ovarian syndrome. Treatment of metformin induced lactic acidosis involves the use of renal replacement therapy, sodium bicarbonate infusion and general measures. This case was reported in order to alert physicians on the existence of this rare but life-threatening endocrine emergency. Late presentation was a major limiting factor in the management of this patient.


Stomatopod adult and larval retinas develop within the same eyestalk before the final metamorphosis, the post-larval molt, into stomatopodid. This post-larval molt leads to an astounding ocular adjustment with the larval retina reducing in size and the adult retina growing. The two organisms studied here are Pullosquilla litoralis and Pullosquilla thomassini, two sympatric species within the same genus. Thirty-nine individuals were captured in their terminal larval stage and photographed for a period of four days, during which they went through their post-larval molt. Both species had similar rates of eye reduction and growth, as a result of their similar sizes and bathometric overlap. However, there was one difference with regards to eye development. Pullosquilla litoralis began adult eye growth after the post-larval molt while Pullosquilla thomassini began adult eye growth before the post-larval molt.


Mechanical properties of cast irons strongly depend on the graphite morphology and the matrix structure, thus both of them should be evaluated for their characterization. The former can be evaluated by ultrasonic testing (UT), and the latter can be evaluated by eddy current testing (ECT). Considering the background above, this study proposes a novel method for the material characterization of cast irons with an EMAT/EC dual probe. For this purpose, we conducted UT and ECT for cast irons with different graphite morphology and matrix structures with the present probe. As a result, correlations betwe en the nodularity of graphite and ultrasonic velocity, and between one the pearlite ratio and EC signals were obtained. These results imply that the EMAT/EC dual probe is effective for the material characterization of cast irons. Cast iron is an Fe-C base alloy that contains iron as the princ ipal ingredient and carbon more than 2%. It is useful engineering material due to its excellent mecha nical properties, such as strength, ductility, free cutting, and productivity. Accordingly, it is widely used f or the parts of automobiles, industrial machinery and so forth. However, the manufacturing process of casting is complex, and the microstructure control is difficult. Therefore, nondestructive characterization of mechanical properties of cast irons is necessary and one of key issues in the foundry industry. The structure of cast irons consists of graphite and a steel matrix. Mechanical properties of cast irons depend on the graphite morphology and the matrix structure, thus both of them should be evaluated for their characterization. The nodularity of cast irons is estimated by measuring the ultrasonic velocity, and the method is established (1). The matrix structure and hardness of cast iron are estimated by measuring the EC signals of ductile cast irons (2). Therefore, the graphite morphology and matrix structure can be evaluated by ultrasonic testing (UT) and eddy current testing (ECT), respectively. We have proposed an EMAT/EC dual probe (3) that can obtain ultrasonic and EC signals with a single probe structure. This probe was applied to the evaluation of wall thinning of pipes, and the feasibility of the nondestructive evaluation based on the complementarity between ECT and UT was verified. This paper proposes a new method for the material characterization of cast irons with an EMAT/EC dual probe. The material properties of cast irons are not uniform and should be characterized with respect to each point. The dual probe with a single and compact structure can acquire UT and EC signals


Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning to predict cognitive tasks from electroencephalography (EEG) signals has been a fast-developing area in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection and analysis could be more challenging than before. This paper explored machine learning algorithms that can run efficiently on personal computers for BCI classification tasks. Also, we investigated a way to conduct such BCI experiments remotely via Zoom. The results showed that Random Forest and RBF SVM performed well for EEG classification tasks. The remote experiment during the pandemic yielded several challenges, and we discussed the possible solutions;nevertheless, we developed a protocol that grants non-experts who are interested a guideline for such data collection. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spatial ability task to the spatial ability performance and EEG activity. Seven obese patients were participated in this study. The instructions were introduced to all participants to practice the spatial ability task. While performing the spatial ability task, EEG activities were recorded by using the lightweight EEG device, Mindwave Mobile, NeuroSky, Inc. The results revealed that some EEG activities including delta wave, theta wave, and alpha waves, respectively, were increased with statistically significant at the 0.05 level compared to the baseline while performing the spatial ability task.


The weld movement and springback and its correlation of U-shaped part with longitudinal weld were studied in different ratio of blank and strength,different binder force and different drawbead restraining force by FEM simulations and orthogonal experiments.The results show that the different ratio of blank and strength have a marked effect on the weld movement and springback.In order to ensure the formability of TWB part,the ratio of the thin blank and the thick one should not be less than 0.5 and the ratio of strength should be within the range from 0.8 to 1.3.On this basis,the displacement of weld can be reduced by the reasonable binder force and drawbead restraining force.Thereby,springback can be controlled effectively.The rules are applied and validated in the production of B pillar inner panel.


Internet traffic has been exponentially growing with the increasing demand of content dissemination. This explosive growth in traffic poses a significant challenge to the networks, especially backbones. To address the challenge, the emerging content-oriented Named Data Networking (NDN) has been proposed due to its attractive advantages, such as network load reduction, low dissemination latency and energy efficiency. To achieve these benefits from NDN paradigm, the content caching strategy plays the most important role. In this paper, we present a popularity-based coordinated caching scheme with the objective of eliminating both the inter-domain and intra-domain redundant traffic of a backbone network. In this design, the global content popularity is obtained by the weighted aggregation of local content popularity at the routers, then the cache placement can be calculated based on the access cost guided by the global content popularity. We test our caching scheme on the publicly available backbone networks: Abilene and GEANT. Simulation results show that the proposed caching scheme achieves around 30% higher cache hit rate and 20% more traffic reduction, compared with the widely used Leaving Copies Everywhere (LCE) and Random Cache (RanCache) scheme.


Aluminum honeycomb is widely used in energy absorption field for its special structure and excellent performance. The three-dimensional finite element models of aluminum honeycombs are developed in order to explore the mechanical behaviors under out-of-plane and in-plane compression. The simulation method is validated based on the experimental results of hexagonal honeycombs. Based on the simplified super folding element theory, we study the platform stress of square honeycomb under out-of-plane and in-plane compression. The theoretical formulas of platform stress under two conditions are provided in this study. Finally, compared with the simulation results of square honeycomb compression, the maximum error between the simulation and the theory for the platform stress under out-of-plane and in-lane compressions is less than 10%, and 15%, respectively. Both the results predicted by the theoretical formulas show high precision.


I was the photographer/journalist on an international medical education team, sponsored by The Center for Asian and International Bioethics of Ben Gurion University of the Negev that went to Kadalur, in Tamil Nadu, India to teach rural Untouchable women basic mother and child health care. Two violations of human rights which came to my attention, one an Untouchable child's, and one an Untouchable widow's are the focus of this documented photographic essay which explores the historical, social and religious roots of the repression of the Untouchables of India today. Though male Untouchables are certainly victims of this oppression, female Untouchables are victimized even more. For this reason, having a girl-child in the Untouchable population is considered a calamity. Untouchable mothers and fathers deal with this in extraordinary ways. One way inspired the title of this essay, "To Marry a Dog." Although to an outsider the patriarchal Untouchable society may seem to have made desperate adaptations to its structural, historical, and religious confines, Untouchable women have played a role in shaping these adaptations. Nonetheless, there is much about Untouchable women to be admired. It is truly the women who hold Untouchable families together. They are bright-eyed, strong and optimistic. Strangely enough they love life, and taught me, a spoiled westerner, how to find happiness in little things. This essay is a tribute to them. (2) Keywords: human rights violations, Untouchables, Women A Young Untouchable Woman Shantha married at sixteen years old. It was an arranged marriage, of course, as most marriages are. She became pregnant fairly soon after the wedding, yet continued to serve her husband and his mother, as women rightfully must. Her husband never beat her, but was kind with a good heart which men in these parts don't usually have, not because they weren't born with one, but because their lives crush it out of them. For him, happily she walked the two miles to the only public well they were allowed to draw from and actually, was bringing the water back, when her own water broke. Setting the metal jug down, she ran barefoot and got the birth attendant, and together they went into her tiny mud hut. It was a very painful labor--Shantha was so young and her hips and womb so tiny. But when the baby's head was finally out, and the rest of its puny body just slipped after it, there was this joy she had never felt before. The attendant yanked at the placenta, then cut the cord with the coconut knife as all midwives do. Shantha's husband was at the birth, looking down on her and at their son. She promised herself and him she would have more children. It was all so perfect, Shantha told me. On the verandah of one of the buildings of the Delta Center, a center built and administered by Henry Thiageraj and his Dalit Liberation Education Trust to train Untouchable women in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, Shantha began to tell me something about her life. My job was to interview the rural women who had come to the Delta Center for our medical team's mini-course. The other people on our team, a bio-ethicist, two physicians, a nurse, a nurse--lawyer, and an environmental educator would teach the women basic mother and child health care. Thirty women who had attended the course last year and had received certificates for being 'Health Ambassadors,' would return for a refresher course and more advanced studies, while thirty new women would just begin the course. Shantha was one of those who had returned, and not long after we had greeted each other, we were sitting on a porch overlooking the Buckingham Canal eating rice and dahl with our fingers. She told me me, through an interpreter, that the promise she made to her husband of having more children will never come true. Her first born son is now her last-born child. It is a fact of life. Shantha was widowed at eighteen years old and widows cannot remarry. …


This paper presents an overview of key developments affecting the maritime industry over the last few decades, supplemented by more recent statistical updates and an analysis that is structured around the three cornerstones of the maritime economics discipline: demand, supply and markets. Information from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)'s Trade Logistics Branch is used to identify and focus on major long-term developments.


A case study on Daqing Oilfield is performed to analyse PS-converted wave seismic data in the presence of azimuth anisotropy. PS-converted wave splitting analysis is applied first to obtain the fast P-SV1 and slow P-SV2 components. Then individual azimuth velocity analysis is performed to obtain azimuthal velocity models, which can be used to estimate fracture properties and improve imaging. In fracture characterization of the whole survey area, the result estimated from the splitting analysis proves to be a more robust representation of fracture properties. However, the azimuthal analysis provides another way to investigate fractures, which is useful in making calibrated studies with other methods.


Few studies consider obesity inequalities as a distributional property. This study uses relative distribution methods to explore inequalities in body mass index (BMI; kg/m2). Data from 1999–2006 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to compare BMI distributions by gender, Black/White race, and education subgroups in the United States. For men, comparisons between Whites and Blacks show a polarized relative distribution, with more Black men at increased risk of over or underweight. Comparisons by education (overall and within race/ethnic groups) effects also show a polarized relative distribution, with more cases of the least educated men at the upper and lower tails of the BMI distribution. For women, Blacks have a greater probability of high BMI values largely due to a right-shifted BMI distribution relative to White women. Women with less education also have a BMI distribution shifted to the right compared to the most educated women.


Characteristics of remanent magnetization of an igneous rock under a uniaxial compression are divided into those of the soft component and those of the hard component. The soft component of remanent magnetization irreversibly decreases with an increase of compression (~r) regardless whether the axis of ~r is parallel or perpendicular to the direction of magnetization. The hard component changes reversibly with ~r: the magnetic intensity of hard component increases with when the axis of ~r is perpendicular to the magnetization, whereas it decreases with ~ when the axis of ~ is parallel to the magnetization. Theoretically, the irreversible change of the soft component is attributable to the irreversible movement of 90 ~ domain walls which results in the pressure demagnetization effect, while the reversible change of the hard component is due to the reversible rotation of spontaneous magnetization within those domains which are so tightly fixed by large effective anisotropy energy that the induced magnetoelastic energy cannot drive their 90 ~ walls. In natural remanent magnetization of igneous rocks, the soft component corresponds to either one or all of isothermal remanent magnetization, viscous remanent magnetization and piezo-remanent magnetization, whereas the hard component is mostly due to thermo-remanent magnetization.


There are a number of interrelated environmental factors to be considered when dealing with a freeway system. Planning, design and construction of a freeway must take into account noise, air, water quality, resource conservation, ecological factors, transportation design, economics, social factors, and legal and political considerations. A means of measuring the impact of these various environmental elements must be developed along with determining the effect the freeway system has on them. In essence all future ground transportation will consist of a linear pathway traversing the countryside, the same as a freeway which reserves the transportation corridor for whatever the future has in store.


Community participation in Covid-19 prevention and transmission is very important, because the community is not only the object but also the subject in handling Covid-19. Community participation can provide benefits in preventing and handling Covid-19; it will reduce morbidity and mortality in the area. The purpose of this literature review is to know the role of the community in Covid-19 prevention and transmission. The method used is literature review. Community participation in Covid-19 prevention and transmission is not only the responsibility of each individual or health worker but it is the responsibility of the entire community. Community participation that is carried out actively and participatively will make of the success of the programs that are being carried out become higher and maximally. The community is not only an object but also a subject in every program or activity that is being carried out. Efforts are being made to increase community participation, namely through socialization, counseling or health education and discussions. These activities will provide knowledge and insight for the community, and the main point is that it will raise public awareness to be actively involved and take part in the success of activities that are being carried out for the common interest, creating a healthy community, avoiding the spread and transmission of Covid-19.


The G protein-coupled receptor was deorphanized with cloning of the APJ-endogenous ligand apelin, which is an important active peptides.Apelin/APJ system is widely distributed in central nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system and endocrine system.Therefore, apelin plays important physiological and pathological roles in blood pressure regulation, fluid homeostasis, potent inotropic, insulin sensitivity regulation, pituitary hormone release, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry inhibition, etc.Recently, the studies found apelin/APJ system also regulates the vasculogenesis and angiogenesis of retina through inducing cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in endothelium.The experiments in vivo also demonstrate apelin/APJ system plays a role in physiological and pathological retinal vascular formation.This review summarizes the evidence of apelin in physiological retinal vascular diseases and diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and choroidal neovascular ization.

Key words:
Apelin; APJ; Retina; Angiogenesis


Verifying limits on the stockpiles of nuclear weapons may require the ability for international in-spectors to account for individual warheads, even when non-deployed, and to confirm the authenticity of nuclear warheads prior to dismantlement. These are fundamentally new challenges for nuclear verification, and they have been known for some time; unfortunately, due to a lack of sense of urgency, research in this area has not made substantial progress over the past 20 years. This chapter explores the central outstanding issues and offers a number of possible paths forward. In the case of confirming numerical limits, these in-clude innovative tagging techniques and approaches solely based on declarations using modern crypto-graphic escrow schemes; with regard to warhead confirmation, there has recently been increasing interest in developing fundamentally new measurement approaches where, in one form or another, sensitive infor-mation is not acquired in the first place. Overall, new international R&D efforts...


In June 2001, China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan established the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). While the immediate focus of the organization was to combat the so-called 'three evils'—ethnic separatism, religious extremism, and international terrorism—the SCO's long-term viability and effectiveness in promoting regional stability and economic development depend on how member states build up common identity and cooperate on issues of mutual concern. This article looks at China's role in initiating the Shanghai-5/SCO structure within the broader framework of Beijing's foreign and security policy interests and priorities in Central Asia and seeks to examine both the prospects for and the potential obstacles to its efforts in achieving key objectives for this new regional organization: management of ethnic and religious unrest, including the fight against terrorism and separatism; maintenance of stable borders; development of energy resources; and promotion of economic prosperity. In addition, the article will also examine the extent to which Beijing has used the opportunity to exercise leadership and whether or not China can extend its influence to Central Asia using the SCO as a vehicle.


Transmission of hepatitis B virus from hospital staff to patients has been described as rare in Britain,' although a more recent review found an average of one outbreak a year between 1975 and 1990.2 Subclinical infections and the prolonged incubation period of hepatitis B virus may make it difficult to detect an outbreak and surveys that rely on only clinical cases underestimate the risks of transmission, the impact of continuing morbidity, and the likelihood of secondary spread of infection.' Chronic carriage with possible liver disease is more common after subclinical infection' and may increase the chance of further spread of infection to sexual partners. In addition, a low overall risk of infection at surgery may obscure higher risks of infection with particular procedures. In Trent region two cases of acute hepatitis B presented in neighbouring health districts four weeks apart. Both were in patients who had undergone cardiothoracic surgery in the same unit during the preceding six months. Neither patient had risk factors for hepatitis B infection. This case cluster instigated an investigation into the source of the outbreak.


The purpose of this study to determine the factors - factors that cause inequality in the district Wajo South Sulawesi province, which so far has always been a measure of success of economic development measured by the rate of economic growth of a region. Methods using survey method with a sample size of 300 people by the criteria of the lowlands, coastal sea. Coastal lakes and urban areas. The analytical method used is the Gini index ratio with the standard of the World bank by category according to criteria Gini ratio imbalance. Data collection method used is survey conducted on four groups of regions (City, Plains / Peranian, Coastal and Coastal lake) by using the technique of cluster sampling and then split three income brackets (Poor, Medium, Dan Rich), with the technique proportionate stratified random sampling. Results research the Gini index calculation sub-districts in urban areas Tempe shows inequality value of 0.67, or it can be said that there is high inequality (G1> 0.5) The calculations show that the sub-district agricultural area Maniangpajo, with income from rice farming to the level high inequality but still below inequality in urban areas, it is visible from a Gini index of 0,61.Indeks gini coastal area lakes Tanasitolo subdistrict of 0.67 indicates that this wiliyah have a society with high income inequality, while coastal areas are represented by the District have the ball gini index of 0.61 which indicates that this wlayah have income groups with high inequality.


The invention relates to a method for producing a skin material laminated foamed thermoplastic resin molded article and foamed thermoplastic resin molded articles, the method comprising a skin material and a laminated with the skin material in a piece of thermoplastic resin foam, which method uses a mold having a male and a female mold which are slidable to each other and the cavity clearance (t) is adjustable, said method comprising the following steps (1) to (5): (1) a skin material supply step, (2) a resin injection step, (3) a pressing step, ( 4) a foaming step, and (5) a cooling and demolding step, and wherein the molded article is a molded as cladding, foamed thermoplastic resin molded article having a substrate and a property on the substrate protrusion, wherein the protrusion has an average expansion ratio of at most 1.1 times and d has as substrate has an average expansion ratio of at least 1.3 times the.


noma (HNSCC) and suppress immune responses. Pure populations of nTreg are necessary to define their phenotypic and functional profile in patients with cancer. Methods: CD4 CD25 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 12 patients with HNSCC were separated from CD4 CD25 cells using fluorescenceactivated cell sorting. Flow cytometry was used to determine phenotypes. Responder CD4 CD25 cells stimulated with OKT3 were coincubated with autologous Treg in CFSE-based assays. CD4 CD25 and CD4 CD25 T-cell subsets were expanded with or without rapamycin (1nM) with CD3/CD28-coated beads and IL-2. Annexin V binding was used to measure apoptosis of T cells. Results: Compared with 12 normal donors (NDs), increased percentages of CD4 CD25 high T cells (1%-2% vs 6%-10%) and decreased percentages of CD8 CD25 T cells (0.6%-2% vs 0.1%-0.3%) were found in patients with HNSCC. Phenotypic profiles of Treg in patients were distinct from those defined for ND. The nTreg expressed surface Fas and FasL but were resistant to apoptosis. Rapamycin-expanded CD4 CD25 T cells were phenotypically and functionally similar to fresh nTreg. These Treg suppressed proliferation (85%-95%) of autologous sorted CD4 CD25 T cells at the 1:1 ratio. Comparable Treg fractions sorted from PBMC of NDs mediated lower suppression (0%-35%; P .05) in CFSE assays. Conclusions: The nTreg are significantly increased in the blood of patients and more immunosuppressive and phenotypically and functionally heterogenous compared with CD4 CD25 cells in NDs. Rapamycin expands pure populations of nTreg that are functionally comparable to fresh nTreg and are resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis.


With the prevalence of information in the digital age, it is more important to assist teachers to manage their own practical knowledge. According to this perspective, this study first illustrates the relationship between the instructional plan and teachers' practical knowledge. Then, this paper introduces the design rationale and functions of a teachers' knowledge management platform - Instructional Planning Assistant System (IPAS), that can help teachers through the process of designing, reflecting, modifying, and sharing instructional plans to manage their instructional practical knowledge. Furthermore, this paper interprets the results of evaluation of the system's function. Finally, the paper discusses the study results and further research directions.


Multiphase TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steels are known to combine higher strength with higher ductility.In this paper,the corrosion resistance of this steel has been has been investigated by accelerated corrosion tests,such as wet/dry cyclic corrosion and the weight loss in laboratory.The morphologies of their rust layers were observed by using scanning electron microscopy,and the corrosion performance of these steels was discussed by analyzing the protective mechanism.The results show that the corrosion rate of steel A is significantly greater than that of steels B and C in wet/dry cyclic corrosion and weight loss tests.The corrosion performance of conventional C-Mn-Si TRIP steel is deteriorated in both NaHSO 3 and 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solutions.And superior corrosion performance is exhibited for TRIP steel with low alloying contents due to its high thermodynamic stability.The enhancement of corrosion performance of TRIP steel is attributed to the additions of alloying elements,such as Al,Cu,Cr,Mo,Ni,etc.The alloying elements increase the compactness of rust layers,so electrochemical characteristic of TRIP steel is improved.


Research is to build a more reusable,extensible and flexible submarine warfare simulation system.Firstly,on the basis of system requirement,a framework of the submarine warfare simulation system based on EJB and HLA is proposed,and a submarine warfare simulation model family which involved base models,equipment models and military entity models is established.Secondly,the design and implementation of simulation models based on EJB,simulation database access,federation object models based on HLA and simulation federates are discussed in detail.At the end,the deployment of the system and an operational process of a simulation instance are given.The feasibility of system design is verified by the stable and reliable working of the system and the reuse of some models.


Large-eddy simulation (LES) is used to study the evolution of the tip vortex generated by a three-dimensional elliptical hydrofoil at 12 degrees angle of attack and a Reynolds number of 9 × 10 based on root chord length and freestream velocity. The simulations are based on the experiments of Boulon et al. (1999), who studied the effect of confinement on tip vortex cavitation by varying the perpendicular distance between the tip and the bottom wall. The present simulations correspond to their case where the confinement due to the bottom wall is negligible. Results are compared to the available experimental data showing reasonable agreement. The tip vortex undergoes spiral roll-up whereas the trailing edge wake shows progressive bending moving downstream, due to the confinement effect of the side walls. The spiral length scale varies linearly with the downstream distance up to the length of the simulated domain. Future work will focus on comparing the present results to a highly confined case of Boulon et al. (1999).


Lunar exploration requires scientific and engineering studies using standardized testing procedures that ultimately support flight certification of technologies and hardware. This motivates the development of traceable, standardized lunar regolith simulant (SLRS) materials. For details, refer to the 2005 Workshop on Lunar Regolith Simulant Materials.