In this work, we perform a numerical study on the flow induced by the motion of a rigid cantilever beam undergoing finite amplitude oscillations, in a viscous fluid, under a free surface. To this aim, we use a lattice Boltzmann volume of fluid (LB-VOF) integrated method, which includes the tracking of the fluid surface. The adopted approach couples the simplicity of the LB method with the possibility to track the free surface by means of a VOF strategy. Through a parametric analysis, we study the effects related to the depth of submergence, for several values of the oscillation frequency and amplitude. Results are provided in terms of a complex hydrodynamic function, whose real and imaginary parts are the added mass and the viscous damping, respectively, acting on the lamina. Validation of the results is carried out by comparing the solution, for the limit case of lamina submerged in an infinite fluid, with those from available literature studies. We find that the presence of the free surface strongly influences the flow physics around the lamina, especially at low values of the depth of submergence. In facts, when the lamina approaches to the free surface, the fluid waves, generated by the motion of the lamina, interact with the oscillating body itself, giving rise to additional effects, which we quantify in terms of added mass and viscous damping.


A field experiment was conducted to evaluate yield and some qualitative characteristics of four cultivars of sweet basil treated with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The experiments were located on the Agricultural Research Station of Khorramabad, Iran, during the 2016-2017 growing season. Treatments were arranged in factorial split-plot-in time in randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments were four cultivars of sweet basil ( Ocimum basilicum 'Italian Large Leaf', O. basilicum 'Mobarakeh', O. basilicum 'Cinnamon' and O. basilicum 'Thai'), three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 100 and 200 kg ha -1 urea) and three harvests. The highest total dry mass (3482.4 kg ha -1 ) was related to 'Italian Large Leaf' with the application of 200 kg ha -1 urea at the second harvest. The maximum (26.79 kg ha -1 ) essential oil yield belonged to 100 kg ha -1 urea. The highest concentrations of main constituents of essential oil, except methyl chavicol, 1,8-cineole and methyl cinnamate were obtained by control (without nitrogen fertilizer). Italian Large Leaf cultivar and application of 100 kg ha -1 urea are recommended to access an acceptable agricultural yield and essential oil yield in sweet basil under the environmental condition similar to Khorramabad


1. Total AsA levels in blood were determined in 111 female subjects using dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNP) method. The values were 0.2-1.4mg/100ml, averaging 0.76mg/100ml.2. Urinary excretions of AsA of these subjects had a definite correlation with the blood levels. The urinary excretions, however, sometimes abnormally increased when the blood levels exceeded 1mg/100ml.3. Blood AsA levels showed maximum values (1.16-1.36mg/100ml) following successive oral administration of 300mg of ascorbic acid for 3-5 days. These values showed individual differences.4. The rise of blood levels after administration of the vitamin was rapid in the case of a subcutaneous injection, but slow in the case of oral administration. The urinary excretions showed the maximum values after 1, 1-2, and 4 hours respectively following intravenous, subcutaneous and oral administrations and the excretion ratios after arriving the saturation state were about 70, 50-90, and 45 per cent, respectively.5. The ratios of urinary excretion after loading with the vitamin were directly proportional to the blood levels of the vitamin. The AsA values obtained by DNP method are therefore considered to be suitable for expressing the nutritional state of vitamin C.


Both the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA or the Box–Jenkins technique) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are viable alternatives to the traditional reliability analysis methods (e.g., Weibull analysis, Poisson processes, non‐homogeneous Poisson processes, and Markov methods). Time series analysis of the times between failures (TBFs) via ARIMA or ANNs does not have the limitations of the traditional methods such as requirements/assumptions of a priori postulation and/or statistically independent and identically distributed observations for TBFs. The reliability of an LHD unit was investigated by analysis of TBFs. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) was employed for both modeling and forecasting the failures. The results were compared with a genetic algorithm‐based (ANNs) model. An optimal ARIMA model, after a Box–Cox transformation of the cumulative TBFs, outperformed ANNs in forecasting the LHD's TBFs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background With aging, the cognitive function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) declined, postural control weakened, and fall risk increased. As a mind–body exercise, regular Tai Chi practice could improve postural control and effectively prevent falls; however, underlying brain mechanisms remained unclear, which were shed light on by analyzing the effect of Tai Chi on the PFC in older adults by means of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods 36 healthy older adults without Tai Chi experience were divided randomly into Tai Chi group and Control group. The experiment was conducted four times per week for 16 weeks; 27 participants remained and completed the experiment. Negotiating obstacle task (NOT) and negotiating obstacle with cognitive task (NOCT) were performed pre- and post-intervention, and Brodmann area 10 (BA10) was detected using fNIRS for hemodynamic response. A three-dimensional motion capture system measured walking speed. Results After intervention in the Tai Chi group under NOCT, the HbO2 concentration change value (ΔHbO2) in BA10 was significantly greater (right BA10: p = 0.002, left BA10: p = 0.001), walking speed was significantly faster (p = 0.040), and dual-task cost was significantly lower than pre-intervention (p = 0.047). ΔHbO2 in BA10 under NOCT was negatively correlated with dual-task cost (right BA10: r = −0.443, p = 0.021, left BA10: r = −0.448, p = 0.019). There were strong negative correlations between ΔHbO2 and ΔHbR under NOCT either pre-intervention (left PFC r = −0.841, p < 0.001; right PFC r = −0.795, p < 0.001) or post-intervention (left PFC r = −0.842, p < 0.001; right PFC r = −0.744, p < 0.001). Conclusion Tai Chi practice might increase the cognitive resources in older adults through the PFC bilateral activation to prioritize gait performance during negotiating obstacles under a dual-task condition.


It is often pointed out in the literature of democratisation and the breakdown of democracy that old democracies have been able to stand against the threat of totalitarian and extremist political doctrines better than young ones. This observation has usually been based on the existence of solid political institutions, certain class structures, and the legitimacy of a political system. The focus of this article is on the rhetorical role that the division between 'old' and 'young' or 'new' democracies played during the interwar crisis of democracy. By focusing on the cases of Finland and Sweden, which have been described as a young democracy and an old democracy respectively in the literature on democratisation, the study directs attention to the ways in which the age of democracy has been produced in order to defend democratic institutions against totalitarian doctrines and practices. The article thus contributes to the conceptual history of democracy and helps explaining why Finland managed to maintain its democratic political institutions as one of the few new independent states that were born during and just after the First World War.


This research is a quantitative study that aims to determine the impact of the Quantum Teaching learning model on student learning outcomes conducted at SD Negeri 09 Bandar Buat 2022/2023. The method used is descriptive method. The population of this study were all fourth grade students of SD Negeri 09 Bandar Buat consisting of one class with 30 students. The results showed that the Quantum Teaching model was in the good category with an average of 80.7, the correlation coefficient of 0.705 means (0.705) rhitung ≥ rtabel (0.361) then ha is accepted. Hypothesis testing shows thitung > ttabel namely 6.363 ≥ 1.697, thus stating that ha is accepted.


The relation between quantitative ultrastructural changes of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium and contractile function was studied in patients with chronic aortic stenosis (AS). The volume fractions of myofibrils, sarcoplasm and mitochondria in myocardial cells were determined by electron microscopic morphometry in small LV tissue samples of 19 patients with AS. Interstitial fibrosis was measured by light microscopic morphometry. Transmural biopsies of the LV free wall perfused by the anterior descending branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) were obtained during aortic valve replacement. LV function was analyzed from preoperative right- and left-heart catheterization and angiography. Group 1 consisted of seven patients with ejection fractions (EFs) greater than 55% and mean left atrial pressure (LAP) less than 15 mm Hg. Group 2 consisted of 12 patients with EFs less than 55% and mean LAP greater than 15 mm Hg. Patients in group 1 had lower LV end-diastolic volume (91.9 vs 145.3 ml/m2, p < 0.05) and lower LV muscle mass (148.3 vs 199.8 g/m2, p < 0.05) than patients in group 2. The volume fraction of myofibrils was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (48.4 vs 42.1%, p < 0.05), while volume fractions of sarcoplasm (31.7 vs 36.0%) and mitochondria (20.9 vs 22.0%) were comparable (p > 0.05). Interstitial myocardial fibrosis did not differ between groups (16.3 vs 14.7%, p > 0.05). Biopsies from the area perfused by the LAD in 10 additional surgical patients who had coronary artery disease with moderate LAD stenosis and normal wall motion in the area of LV free wall perfused by the LAD were taken as controls for morphometric data. No significant difference of ultrastructural data was found between group 1 and controls. The volume fraction of myofibrils was lower in group 2 than in controls (42.1 vs 52.9%, p < 0.001), and the volume fraction of sarcoplasm was higher (36.0 vs 21.1%, p < 0.001). Mitochondria and interstitial fibrosis did not differ in group 2 and controls (p > 0.05).Thus, intracellular reduction in the volume fraction of myofibrils was the major morphologic finding in LV biopsy samples of patients with decompensated pressure overload.


There is a solid theoretical basis for non-state owned enterprises to develop the project of massive economic technological innovation. The characteristics of industrial relations in non-state owned enterprises determine the necessity of the project. Besides, the new development in the theory of labor value provides the value basis for it. Meanwhile, this project also well meets the need of reform in distribution system in China.


Social trust relationship prediction targets using attributes to quantify the interrelationships in trust between users. Most of the existing algorithms do not consider the heterogeneity and semantics of information included in online social networks, leading to low adaptability in capturing user preferences. What's more, they only focus on directly connected nodes, and treat all the information propagation paths equally, leading to the lack of structure context information. Given the incomplete graph structure on online social networks constructed by existing algorithms, they can hardly have good performance in the trust prediction. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, we propose a novel Attention-aware Multi-hop Trust Inference (AMTI) model which could capture different features on both nodes and paths adaptively based on the complex contexts and take multi-hop neighbors into account. Specifically, in our model, we construct a heterogeneous graph of three types of nodes: User, Interest, and Relationship as well as two different meta-paths: User-Interest-User, and User-Relative-User. Then, we adopt a two-level attention mechanism to obtain the attention value on both the node level and path level. To incorporate the multi-hop neighbors' information, we develop a 2-hop attention diffusion to aggregate the information from the indirectly connected nodes. The experimental results on real-world datasets have demonstrated that AMTI outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of the accuracy of social trust prediction.


PURPOSE: A groove storing system is provided to perform optimum control about an SSD(Semiconductor Storage Device) memory unit and an HDD(Hard Disk Drive) memory unit. CONSTITUTION: A main controller(300) is combined with a display controller(500), an external memory controller(400), an external Interface(200), and a hybrid RAID(Redundant Array of Independent Disk) controller(800). An SSD memory unit set is combined with the hybrid RAID controller. The HDD memory unit set is combined with the hybrid RAID controller. The hybrid RAID controller includes a first disk mount, a first disk monitoring unit, a disk plug&play controller, a high speed interface, a second disk mount, and a second monitoring unit. The second monitoring unit monitors the HDD memory unit set.


National Scientific Center "Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology"Akademicheskaya str., 1, 61108, Kharkov, UkraineE-mail: email@example.com escape in 2D Hamiltonian systems with the mixed state has been studied numerically andanalytically. The wide class of potentials with the mixed state is presented by polinomial potentials.In potentials, where the mixed state could be realized, i.e. the phase space contains regions of bothregular and chaotic motion, escape problem has a number of new features. In particular, some localminima become a trap with number of particles depending on energy and other values that characterizethe ensemble of particles. Choosing the form of initial ensemble one chooses the set of parameters thatdetermine the number of trapped particles.


The flammability of fresh leaves of 10 woody species in central Yunnan Province was evaluated by means of comparing the difference between the heat released from the burning of fresh leaf extracts and the heat consumed by water evaporation from the same extract of fresh leaves.The result showeds that the order of flammability of the fresh leaves of these 10 species from high to low was: Eucalyptus globules,Cupressus duclouxiana,Pinus armandii,Pinus yunnanensis,Camellia sinensis,Acacia mearnsiie,Alnus nepalensis,Quercus variabilis,Albizia kalkora,Pyrus pashia.The similar study was done to compare the flammability of living branches of the same 10 woody species,it was showed that the flammability order of living branches of the 10 tree species in central Yunnan Province from high to low was:Cupressus duclouxiana,Quercus variabilis,Eucalyptus globules,Camellia sinensis,Pinus armandii,Pinus yunnanensis,Albizia kalkora,Acacia mearnsiie,Pyrus pashia,Alnus nepalensis.


This paper discusses the enhancement on noise suppression of split power planes over an ultra wide band from DC to several GHz by using electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures. Also proposed are a modified design formula and a new spiral EBG structure for size reduction.


3549 Background: The Ras and Raf kinases are sequential signaling proteins in the MAPK pathway and inhibition of both targets may confer synergistic effects, particularly in tumors with activation of either kinase through mutation or other mechanisms. Therefore, we sought to combine sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor (Raf, VEGFR, PDGFR) and tipifarnib an inhibitor of farnesyltransferase that is critical for Ras activity in a phase I study to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and tumor response. Methods: The trial was a phase I trial of advanced cancer patients(pts) with a conventional dose escalation design. Each cycle consisted of 28 days of sorafenib and 21 days of tipifarnib. Dose levels are listed in the table. Results: To date, a total of 27 pts have been enrolled (median age 54.5 yrs, M:F 1:1. 3 RCC, 3 breast, 4 sarcoma, 4 melanoma, 3 CRC, 4 thyroid, 2 H&N, one thymic, one adrenal cortical, one SCC of the lung, and one unknown primary SCC). Two pts developed grade 3 DLT-skin rash on the f...


Secure multi-party computation (MPC) is a cryptographic tool that enables a set of parties to compute a function jointly while keeping each input secret. Since MPC based on secret sharing (SS) achieves high throughput and works fast, many applications have been developed. However, SS-based MPC requires many communication rounds in general, and this becomes a performance bottleneck in real-world applications under high-latency networks. In this paper, we propose SS-based secure three-party computation with almost no preprocessing based on our new (small-)constant-round fundamental gates, by revisiting a framework in a few previous works where a number of parties are assisted by another party who may partially learn secret information. Instead of ordinary logical gates, our fundamental gate is an efficient Equality, for which the result leaks to the third party, and we develop novel two-round constructions of secure building-block protocols (LessThan Comparison, RightShift, Table LookUp, etc.) from the insecure Equality. To show the practicality of our protocols, we implement a secure exact edit distance protocol for two genome strings. Our experiments show that in some network setting our protocol is about 2 times faster (14 times faster taking preprocessing into consideration) than the state-of-the-art SS-based protocol (Ohata and Nuida, FC 2020).


Abstract : The report describes the resources and data structures of SL230 (Software Laboratory 230) and the designing of SL230 modules and systems. SL230 is a simple, multiprocess, operating system used to create an environment suitable for the construction of experimental programming systems for educational and research uses. (Author)


This study aims to examine the readiness of pre-service teachers for teaching in terms of different dimensions. Among the mixed research designs, combined design in which the priority order of qualitative and quantitative methods is equal was preferred for the study. The participants were 127 pre-service teachers in the Faculty of Education. The research data set was obtained from the Preparedness to Teach Scale. In order to determine to what extent pre-service teachers, feel ready for teaching, two focus group sessions and the pre-service teachers were observed. In the study, it was determined that the pre-service teachers' level of readiness for teaching is at a medium level and the pre-service teachers used technology to attract attention and increase participation. It was observed that the pre-service teachers had problems in choosing appropriate teaching strategies, noticing special learning needs or difficulties, and classroom management.


Community health education and health promotion could play a part in raising the self-care awareness of community residents and improving healthy lifestyle,but there still exist some problems in fault management,lack of investments,undesirable supporting environment,unsound health education network,weaker human resources,and lack pertinence in health education.Through summing up the work experience,and analyzing and solving the existent problems of community health education and health promotion in Nanjing,we propose solutions pointedly to push the development of community health education and health promotion.


Dlabal L., Polak M. (2015): Characteristics of bladeless turbine . Res. Agr. Eng., 61: 87–91. The project objective was to perform laboratory tests of the SETUR DVE 120 bladeless turbine and to analyse its meas ured parameters. Operating characteristics were then determined based on the measured values. The measurement was performed in a closed hydraulic testing circuit in a laboratory of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. The first part of the article describes the workplace and the method of measurement of the main and the auxiliary parameters. The second part deals with the turbine characteristics. The characteristics describe the relationship between the water flow rate and the usable water gradient and between the water flow rate and the electrical power output of DVE 120, which is important from the user's point of view. The conclusion features a comparison of the bladeless turbine operating characteristics (dependency of the overall efficiency on the waterpower) and the characteristics of the Francis turbine.


Currently the importance and the validity of Intellectual Capital (IC) for creating and maintaining sustaining competitive advantage for organizations has been well recognised. Swiss think-tank (Gottlieb Duttweiler Foundation) research revealed that only 20 percent of knowledge available to an organization is actually used. Therefore, IC management and measuring appeals much attention from academics and practitioners. It is revealed that existing measures of human and IC are inadequate and are not developed in par with strategy processes. This desk study aims at identifying constructs and dimensions to measure IC of an organization. A systematic literature survey was conducted to identify constructs of IC. Literature was searched in Google Scholar. Articles were searched using the string "Measuring Intellectual Capital". Time was set as "Any Time". There were 256 articles shown. Suitable and allowable articles were referred in this study. Additionally, articles referred by the authors of above articles were also taken into consideration As accepted by many authors who interested in this subject are, the IC consist of Human Capital (HC), Structural Capital (SC) and Relational Capital (RC). As per the literature review, to measure Human Capital Employee absenteeism, Employee attitude, Capabilities, Commitment, Competencies, Creativity, Efficiency, Employee Pay, Turnover, Experience, Expertism, Intelligence, Knowledge related indices, Disputes, Leadership qualities, Learning Training and education indices, Motivation, Performance, Satisfaction, Skills Abilities and Talents and measurements of Team work can be used. In order to measure Structural Capital Working atmosphere, Controlling systems, Corporate practices and procedures, Databases, Efficiency and Effectiveness of practices, ICT usage, Information availability, Innovation rate, Intellectual Property and trade secrets, interdisciplinary projects, Internal relationships, knowledge sharing, Management philosophy, Mutual Support, Organizational Knowledge, Processes and Systems, R&D practices, Renewal and Development, Roles responsibilities and routines, Structure and Technology can be used. And to measure Relational Ccapital, indicators related to Building customer relationships, identify customer needs, Market share, Market Potential, Brand image and trademarks, Value of Supplier, Sales and Distribution channels, Stakeholder relationships, Marketing indicators, Value of Joint ventures and SCR activities has been used.


This paper attempts to investigate the impact of the development of banks and stock markets on economic growth in a sample of 80 developing countries spanning from the period of 1973 to 2002. Using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) - dynamic panel analysis the empirical results demonstrate that banks and stock markets have separate as well as aggregate positive and significant impacts on economic growth and thus both of them are important to accelerate long-run growth in developing countries. Also, it is found that the relationship between finance and growth is non-linear. This implies that financial development becomes more beneficial for countries that develop from a very poor state; however the marginal benefit to developed economies is less than for poor countries due to diminishing marginal returns. The results are robust while using alternative measures for banks and stock markets. Therefore, developing countries should undertake proper policy measures to develop both banking and stock markets in order to achieve higher long run economic growth through better financial arrangement.


Analysis of the progeny of wild mice heterozygous for the Rb(4.12) shows that fertility and segregation are normal. This study, and others with similar results, suggests that our view of the chromosomal evolution of the house mouse should be revised.


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A modification is proposed for the formula known from the literature that characterizes the boundary of the capacity region of Gaussian multiaccess fading channels. The modified version takes into account potentially negative arguments of the cumulative distribution function that would affect the accuracy of the numerical capacity results.


Cracking gas from 500kt/a catalytic pyrolysis plant(CPP) for production of ethylene contained high level of oxygen, which can form oxygen free radicals to result in polymerization of heavy alkadiene to thus block the equipments. Meanwhile cracking gas containing high levels of oxygen can affect product quality of ethylene and propylene at polymer level. In addition, oxygen and hydrogen can generate water that has large impact on subsequent cryogenic process. Original deoxidation and denitrification catalyst had severe coking in actual operation, so that it need be regenerated frequently, and finally it was abandoned. Later modification of cracking gas impurity removal process was carried out, and our company cooperated with Dalian Kaiteli Catalyst Engineering Technology Co. Ltd. to develop new deoxidation catalyst. After using the deoxidation catalyst, oxygen content reduced to less than 1×10-6 from 5×10-6, which reached industrial application conditions.


Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor that arises from peripheral nervous system. The clinical presentation of NB is highly heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic tumor masses requiring little, if any, treatment to metastatic disease requiring intensive multimodal therapies (see [1] for review). Also the outcome of NB patients is highly variable. The 5-years overall survival ranges from 98-100% for stage 1 infants without MYCN amplification to less than 20% for children with stage 4 MYCN amplified tumors [2]. The main prognostic factors are indeed stage, age at diagnosis and MYCN oncogene status [3].


In this paper, we aim to prove certain common fixed point theorems for a pair of weakly compatible mappings satisfying (CLRg) (or (E.A)) property in the bicomplex valued metric spaces. We also provide some examples which support the main results here.


: Cooperative interactions are responsible for the useful properties of spin crossover (SCO) materials  large hysteresis windows, critical temperatures near room temperature, and abrupt transitions  with hybrid framework materials exhibiting the greatest cooperativity and hysteresis of all SCO systems. However, little is known about the chemical origin of cooperativity in frameworks. Here, we present a combined experimental − computational approach for identifying the origin of cooperativity in the metal − organic framework (MOF) Fe(1,2,3-triazolate) 2 (Fe(TA) 2 ), which exhibits the largest known hysteresis window of all SCO materials and unusually high transition temperatures, as a roadmap for understanding the manipulation of SCO behavior in general. Variable-temperature vibrational spectroscopy provides evidence that " soft modes " associated with dynamic metal − linker bonding trigger the cooperative SCO transition. Thermodynamic analysis also con fi rms a cooperativity magnitude much larger than those of other SCO systems, while electron density calculations of Fe(TA) 2 support previous theoretical predictions that large cooperativity arises in materials where SCO produces considerable di ff erences in metal − ligand bond polarities between di ff erent spin states. Taken together, this combined experimental − computational study provides a microscopic basis for understanding cooperative magnetism and highlights the important role of dynamic bonding in the functional behavior of


Sgr A* is the variable electromagnetic source associated with accretion onto the Galactic center supermassive black hole. While the near-infrared (NIR) variability of Sgr A* was shown to be consistent over two decades, unprecedented activity in 2019 challenges existing statistical models. We investigate the origin of this activity by recalibrating and reanalyzing all of our Keck Observatory Sgr A* imaging observations from 2005–2022. We present light curves from 69 observation epochs using the NIRC2 imager at 2.12 μm with laser-guide star adaptive optics. These observations reveal that the mean luminosity of Sgr A* increased by a factor of ∼3 in 2019, and the 2019 light curves had higher variance than in all time periods we examined. We find that the 2020–2022 flux distribution is statistically consistent with the historical sample and model predictions, but with fewer bright measurements above 0.6 mJy at the ∼2σ level. Since 2019, we have observed a maximum K s (2.2 μm) flux of 0.9 mJy, compared to the highest pre-2019 flux of 2.0 mJy and highest 2019 flux of 5.6 mJy. Our results suggest that the 2019 activity was caused by a temporary accretion increase onto Sgr A*, possibly due to delayed accretion of tidally stripped gas from the gaseous object G2 in 2014. We also examine faint Sgr A* fluxes over a long time baseline to search for a quasi-steady quiescent state. We find that Sgr A* displays flux variations over a factor of ∼500, with no evidence for a quiescent state in the NIR.


The aim of each book is "to develop a major topic of the single-subject syllabuses giving essential book work and worked examples arising from the authors' vast experience of examining at this level and including past GCE questions also". These four are the start of a series. When complete, the whole set is intended to give comprehensive syllabus coverage of single-subject A-level Mathematics. In general the content of each book is predictable: little pretension is made to novelty of treatment or presentation. The usefulness of the series is presumably the convenient packaging of the syllabus into single topic booklets. The authors suggest that institutions or students could buy them to cover topics not included in books already owned, or as a course of supplementary examples and exercises. The primary emphasis is on technique. The books are intended for consumers of mathematics, not specialist mathematicians. Supplying justifications, still less proofs, is not seen as important. The accent is on stating the significant results. Nevertheless, these often receive quite careful treatment. 1 found the following in Section 3.8 of the booklet on differentiation:


Speech recognition system has the ability to recognize and interpret lexis in a spoken language and transcript the same. With all the available uses of such system, in this paper, light is shed on another use in automating the applications that manage documents and presentations and a solution is proposed for implementing the same, developed in python programming language that can benefit the regular users as well as the elderly and visually-impaired.


ab initio calculation was made of the bound energy levels of the Cl( 2 P)-HCl van der Waals complex for total angular momentum J ) 1 /2, 3 /2, 5 /2, and 7 /2. The dissociation energy D0 of the complex was found to be 337.8 cm -1 for J ) 1 /2 and j?j ) 1 /2, where ? is the projection of J on the Cl-HCl bond axis. The complex is T-shaped in the ground state and in a series of stretch and bending excited states, with a van der Waals bond length R of 3.2 A. A series of states with linear geometry were also found, however, withj?j ) 3 /2 and R 3.9 A, the lowest of which has a binding energy of 276.1 cm -1 . The rovibronic levels were analyzed with the help of one-dimensional calculations with R fixed at values ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 A and the use of diabatic and adiabatic potential energy surfaces that both include the important spin -orbit coupling. The states of linear geometry are in qualitative agreement with previous work based on more approximate potential energy surfaces; the T-shaped states of considerably lower energy were not predicted earlier. Analysis of the rotational structure and parity splitting of the rovibronic levels leads to the remarkable observation that this T-shaped complex shows several features typical of a linear open-shell molecule.


Last October I participated in a conference on research assessment in Capri, Italy. The various discussions and presentations at this meeting reminded me that there are still widespread Misunderstandings -indeed, myths about citation analysis, especially with respect to journal impact. For those readers who are not aficionados of citation analysis, journal impact factors as used in the Institute for Scientific Information's (ISI's) Journal Citation Reports are a simple ratio of citations and papers. They are calculated by dividing the number of current-year citations (for example, 1997) to a journal's papers published in the previous two years (that is, 1996 and 1995) by the combined total of these papers.


Many youth who are incarcerated within juvenile correctional facilities experience mental health disorders, histories of victimization and suicide ideation. Strengths-based intervention programmes are intended to enhance participants' resilience against such challenges. However, little is known about how the composition of intervention groups contributes to programmes' efficacy. This study addresses the impact of within-group similarity on the success of a strengths-based intervention for incarcerated young men (n = 141). Similarity was assessed in terms of self-reported demographics and behaviours and belief systems. Youths' masculine ideology, caring and cooperative behaviours, ethnic pride and respect for differences, self-efficacy regarding education and non-violence, and attitudes about criminal behaviour were measured before and after intervention. Results indicate that participants' caring and cooperative behaviour increased during the intervention. However, their education-related self-efficacy was reduced, and the perceived benefits of criminal activity increased. These changes were moderated by group composition: less similarity between participants and their group members was associated with less negative change. In the context of juvenile corrections facilities, where staying the same may be a relatively positive outcome, perhaps the more relevant question is not which processes and characteristics of others better enable youth to change but which experiences help them retain positive aspects of themselves. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As Autonomous Vehicle (AV) development has progressed, concerns regarding the safety of passengers and agents in their environment have risen. Each real world traffic collision involving autonomously controlled vehicles has compounded this concern. Open source autonomous driving implementations show a software architecture with complex interdependent tasks, heavily reliant on machine learning and Deep Neural Networks (DNN), which are vulnerable to non deterministic faults and corner cases. These complex subsystems work together to fulfill the mission of the AV while also maintaining safety. Although significant improvements are being made towards increasing the empirical reliability and confidence in these systems, the inherent limitations of DNN verification create an, as yet, insurmountable challenge in providing deterministic safety guarantees in AV. We propose Synergistic Redundancy (SR), a safety architecture for complex cyber physical systems, like AV. SR provides verifiable safety guarantees against specific faults by decoupling the mission and safety tasks of the system. Simultaneous to independently fulfilling their primary roles, the partially functionally redundant mission and safety tasks are able to aid each other, synergistically improving the combined system. The synergistic safety layer uses only verifiable and logically analyzable software to fulfill its tasks. Close coordination with the mission layer allows easier and early detection of safety critical faults in the system. SR simplifies the mission layer's optimization goals and improves its design. SR provides safe deployment of high performance, although inherently unverifiable, machine learning software. In this work, we first present the design and features of the SR architecture and then evaluate the efficacy of the solution, focusing on the crucial problem of obstacle existence detection faults in AV.


The present paper studied the influence of nanosilica dispersed on superplasticizer, and its combined effect with silica fume, on different concrete properties. Compressive strength, tensile strength by diametrical compression and water absorption by capillarity tests, as well as accelerated durability tests against chloride ions were carried out. The results indicated that the isolated nanosilica addition (0.1 to 0.5%) did not improve the concretes in any of the tests performed. However, for the contents of 0.5 and 0.7% of nanosilica combined with 10% of silica fume, there was an increase in compressive strength, reduction of capillary absorption and reduction of the chlorides penetration.


The article presents a proposal to modify the FMEA method, taking into account the importance of the cost of repair. The method has been applied to an approximate assessment of the reliability of the device. The presented case concerns reliability analysis in conditions where full service data is not known. The purpose of the work is to determine the weakest element in the design of the tool, taking into account the costs of replacement of damaged elements. The analysis can be used for optimal planning of service parts inventory or planning maintenance service. INTRODUCTION In operational practice, after a certain time of operation, there is a significant decrease in the assumed efficiency of the device, often abruptly, it becomes ineffective. Very often the device becomes completely useless. It is serviced and sometimes repaired. Improvement may consist in performing a set range of maintenance activities assigned to a particular service, e.g. after a specific period of use. The repair, on the other hand, consists in replacing selected elements of the device with new ones without any defects. Depending on the complexity of the device, some methods of conduct are used, the common goal of which is to achieve the desired state of the device (fitness status and full functionality). A very important problem from the point of view of the service is to decide what parts in what quantity should be purchased and kept in stock so that the repair takes place quickly enough, which for obvious reasons, depends on the user to a large extend. From the point of view of the user, the cost-effectiveness of repairs is also very important. [1] The scientific objective of the article is to modify the generally known method of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) so that it takes into account the cost factor associated with the repair. The practical objective of the article is to develop a simple method, taking into account service costs in carrying out future repairs. The developed method can be used to optimally plan purchases of spare service parts. It can be used to assess the cost-effectiveness of the repair and to optimize the cost of repairs.


By November 2004, Seoul's Ch'onggyech'on reclamation project had advanced into its final stage of construction and landscaping. A remarkable feat of advanced urbanization in which the natural environment and commercialism coexist, the project offers a felicitous, symbolic conclusion to the tumultuous, often dehumanizing paths of the nation's modernization that left behind trails of devastation and misery. This curative view of the project is informed by a sustained effort of nationalist historiography to promote a potential for cultural creativity and social progress in the formation of modern Korea's selfidentity. This essay argues, however, that such an approach fails to take into account a sense of ambivalence lodged in the restoration project, which reflects the contentious site of the everyday in which Ch'onggyechon's drastic change is translated into job loss, business relocation, and changing opportunities. This article draws attention to varying images of rubbish or rubbish salvaging that are often inextricably linked to different phases of the area's modernization. These images bear out the material or practical realities of modernization devoid of a tendency of nationalist historiography for "selfinflated" story-telling. Such an unassuming observation of the region's changing façade brings to light the challenging aspect of the everyday in coping with adverse circumstances of modernization. Attention is given to different types of "rubbish discourse" set in Ch'onggyech'on and its immediate localities. Using these discursive types as loops of meaning to interweave, the article offers an interdisciplinary insight into the tension between modernization and everyday life.


A large drift in the rotation rate of Titan observed by Cassini provided the first evidence of a subsurface ocean isolating the massive core from the icy crust. Seasonal exchange of angular momentum between the surface and atmosphere accounts for the magnitude of the effect, but observations lag the expected signal by a few years. We argue that this time lag is due to the presence of an active methane weather cycle in the atmosphere. An analytic model of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric angular momentum is developed and compared with time-dependent simulations of Titan's atmosphere with and without methane thermodynamics. The disappearance of clouds at the summer pole suggests the drift rate has already switched direction, signaling the change in season from solstice to equinox.


Reports on the power and microwave noise performance of AlGaN/GaN high electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) at frequencies f>18 GHz (K- and Ka-bands). At 20 GHz, a record continuous-wave output power of 1.6 W has been achieved on an eight-finger 500-/spl mu/m total gate-periphery device. At 29 GHz, a 120-/spl mu/m gate-periphery device showed a pulsed output density of 1.6 W/mm with an associated gain of 6.7 dB and power-added efficiency of 26%. Minimum noise figure of 1.5 dB has been achieved on a 0.2 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 200 /spl mu/m device at 26 GHz. The data demonstrate the viability of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for high-frequency power and low-noise amplifier applications.


This thesis is made of three chapters which contribute to the international accounting literature.
The first chapter investigates the effect of the legal enforcement on the use of income increasing earnings management (EAR) and downward expectation management (EXP) to meet or beat analyst earnings forecasts. Using a sample of 4,934 firms from fourteen European countries, we document that the strength of the legal enforcement is negatively associated with EAR and positively associated with EXP. We provide evidence of a substitution effect between EAR and EXP only in the presence of strong legal enforcement, while they are complements when the legal enforcement is weak. We show that the capital market rewards meeting/beating firms, but it penalizes the concurrent use of EAR and EXP and this penalty is positively associated with the strength of the legal enforcement only for EAR. Our results show that legal enforcement has a significant role in the choice between EAR and EXP and that a change in the strength of legal enforcement drives how firms operate to meet or beat analyst forecasts. The contribution of this chapter is two-fold. This is the first study that examines how cross-country variation in the level of enforcement affects the interaction between EAR and EXP to meet/beat analyst forecasts. Second, this chapter is the first study that explores whether the capital market's reaction to an earnings surprise is related to the strength of the legal enforcement.
The second chapter examines how firm-level governance and country-level enforcement interplay in affecting IFRS mandatory adoption consequences on financial reporting quality. We operationalize financial reporting quality using earnings informativeness, accruals management, and real earnings management. We use a treatment sample of 3,476 firm-year observations from 14 European countries that mandatorily adopt IFRS in 2005 and 29,596 firm-year observations from 11 non-IFRS adoption countries. To account for the confounding effects of general trends in financial reporting quality or concurrent events unrelated to IFRS adoption, we estimate annual panel regressions for IFRS adopter firms and non-IFRS adopter firms using industry-country and separate year fixed effects for the treatment and control sample. Three key findings emerge from our analyses. First, IFRS adoption is, on average, associated with an increase in financial reporting quality. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in financial reporting quality changes, suggesting that IFRS mandatory adoption is not sufficient, per se, to change firms' reporting practices. Second, in countries characterized by weak enforcement, strong board-level monitoring appears to enhance financial reporting quality, thus suggesting a substitutive effect between firm- and country-level governance. Third, in countries characterized by strong enforcement, firms with strong board-level monitoring exhibit a higher level of financial reporting quality than firms with weak board-level monitoring, thus suggesting that country- and firm-level governance are complementary. The chapter contributes to the literature in two ways. First, this is the first study that examines whether board-based monitoring mechanisms shape IFRS mandatory adoption consequences on financial reporting quality. Second, the chapter contributes to the growing literature on the interplay between firm-level governance and country institutional characteristics. The findings point toward a substitution effects between firm-level monitoring mechanisms and country-level enforcement mechanisms when the legal system is lax, while board monitoring and legal enforcement complement each other when the legal system gets stricter.
The third chapter examines whether informational environment benefits following cross-listing in the U.S. vanish when the financial reporting process suffers by internal control deficiencies according to the Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX, hereafter). Previous literature documents an increase in the quality of the firm information environment following cross-listing in the U.S. and motivates this result with the bonding effect. This study disputes the idea that the cross-listing per se enhances the quality of firms' information environment. We challenge this idea considering whether the quality of the information environment for cross-listed firms depends on an effective commitment to achieve higher levels of corporate transparency. As research setting, we use Section 302 of the SOX that requires to disclose any discovered internal control deficiency on internal controls over financial reporting. To account for the impact of general trends or concurrent events unrelated to SOX302 disclosures on information environment of cross-listed firms, we employ as benchmark group all firms listed in their home market but not in the U.S. In addition, we employ propensity-score matching models to take into account differences in firm-characteristics between cross-listed and non-cross-listed firms while estimating SOX302 disclosure treatment effect. Our analyses encompasses both changes and cross-sectional association tests. We show that cross-listed firms disclosing internal control deficiencies do not have a better information environment than their home-country peers, but only after the first disclosure on internal control deficiencies according to SOX302. Second, we show that cross-listed firms experience an improvement in the information environment if they remediate to previously disclosed internal control deficiencies. Finally, we show that these results hold only for firms domiciled in countries with weak legal institutions, while cross-listed firms from countries with strong legal institutions do not experience a significant change in the quality of the information environment once they became cross-listed, irrespective from the disclosure of an internal control deficiency. The study contributes to the literature on cross-listing in two ways. First, we show the existence of substantial heterogeneity in cross-listing effects on firm information environment, driven by the adoption of adequate internal controls over financial reporting. Second, we add to the literature on the effects of the SOX. Literature shows that cross-listed firms experience a decrease in the level of opaqueness after the adoption of the SOX. We add to this literature the evidence that the decline in the level of opaqueness depends on cross-sectional differences in corporate transparency and hence it is not homogenous across all firms.


Kathleen Dean Moore begins with a review of the history of thought and practice on the subject of legal pardons, illustrated with a rich and fascinating variety of historical cases. She then addresses many crucial issues surrounding acts of clemency, including what justifies pardoning power, who should be pardoned, and the definition of an unforgivable crime. She carefully analyses the moral justification of pardons, discussing how to distinguish between justifiable, even morally obligatory, cases and unjustifiable abuses of clemency power.


This report is an exploratory study of how Chinese college students use social media in their everyday practices, highlighting similarities and differences to American college students.


In this paper, in order to analyze the effect of harmonics on synchronous generator with rectifying and AC load, the simulation and test have been done. In different proportion between the rectifying and AC load, the waveforms of synchronous generator' s stator current and voltage are compared. The calculation of harmonic loss has been described in this paper. Because of the high harmonic content when the proportion of rectifying load is large, the performance of generator will be affected by harmonic armature reaction, and the harmonic loss should be considered independently during the loss calculation of generator. The classic analytical method to regard harmonic magnetic field as stray field and only considering fundamental wave is not appropriate ever.


In the wake of the 1973 cease-fire accord, France has attempted to chart a new course for its relations with its former colonial subjects in Vietnam. The parameters of French policy in Southeast Asia in the decade ahead have been fixed by recent events, in particular by French policy during the four-year negotiations held in Paris to end American participation in the Vietnam conflict. As these talks lingered on, the French maintained a public posture of impartiality befitting their role as hosts. A changing scenario in Vietnam complicated French attempts to placate all the parties to the talks so as to permit the possibility of French participation in the negotiating process and in the future of Vietnam. It was only after the settlement was concluded (with only minor French participation) that the French, liberated from the confines of their role as hosts, indicated the new thrust of their policy in Vietnam. France's choices for the future can only be understood in light of the evolution of its policy which took place between 1968 and 1973.


The use and visualisation of structures in science (sets of related publications, authors, words) is investigated in a number of applications. We hold that the common ground of a field can explain the use and applicability of these structures.


In this paper, we introduce intra-daily implied volatility (IDIV) model based on volatility is implied from options price at intra-daily level. We investigate whether the IDIV forecasts currency options price more accurately than standard estimates of volatility. The implied volatility (IV) and realized volatility (RV) are widely accepted as good estimates of daily and intra-daily price volatility, respectively. Therefore, using the options pricing framework, we assess the capability of IDIV against IV and RV in forecasting currency options price. The comparison of out-of-sample forecasts under both the F-test and Diebold-Mariano test reveals that the IDIV outperforms both the IV and the RV to forecast one-day-ahead options price.


Abstract Elk Cervus elaphus are rare in Southwestern desert grassland and desert-scrub habitats, and these habitats are anecdotally considered unsuitable for elk. We studied a colonizing herd in a Southwestern desert grassland–scrubland in northwestern New Mexico to determine the condition and population dynamics of elk in this habitat type. We radiotracked ≤ 24 adult (1.5 y and older) cows and ≤ 8 calves annually, 2003–2006; the sample of radiocollared cows in this study was very close to a census of the entire population for 2004–2006 based on repeated surveys and monitoring. Mean body fat of lactating cows in autumn was 10.6–13.2% in 2003–2004, indicating that lactating elk were acquiring high moderate–low good nutrition, but dropped to 5.6% in 2005 and 6.8% in 2006, indicating poor nutrition for these years of low precipitation. We found adult female survival of 0.94–1.00 and calf survival of 0.38–1.00. Calf survival was related to maternal size, maternal condition, and cumulative annual precipitation...


Abstract : The objective of the study was to develop criteria for use in the design of aircraft gas turbine combustion chambers to minimize nitrogen oxide emissions. The approach adopted involved the development of a mathematical model of NOx emission from aircraft engine combustors; a parametric analysis, using the model, to determine the sensitivity of NOx emissions to variations of model parameters and engine design variables; evaluation of critical model parameters by means of experimental measurements; and the incorporation of the model into combustor design methods to provide guidelines for minimizing NOx emission while maintaining other performance and emission characteristics. The results of the study and the NOx emission control criteria are described.


PURPOSE: To obtain an environment cleaning material with which cleaning of water and improvement of environment for quality of water can be performed for a long period by a solid material having alkali releasability and a charcoal being filled under a mixed, a layer-like or another arranged condition in a water permeably container. CONSTITUTION: The environment cleaning material A is constituted by filling a solid material 3 having alkali releasability and a charcoal 2 under a mixed, a layer-like or other arranged condition in a water permeable frame 4, bag or container. When the cleaning material is positioned at a water quality environment of such as a sea, a port, a bay or a river, or a water discharging part such as a waste water treating facility, a cleaning tank, a precipitation device for a sludge, etc., especially a deep part of a port, a surrounding of an artificial island, shores of a lake and a pond, a seashore, a dam, etc., where water easily tends to stand and contamination easily tends to be generated, the stained water is brought into contact with the solid material 3 and the charcoal 2 and is purified and furthermore, cleaning is promoted by useful microorganisms and small animals which live and proliferate on the surface of the solid material 3 and the charcoal 2. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


A convenient sonochemical process for the preparation of silver selenide (Ag
 2
Se) nanoparticles by using different complexing agents [NH
 3
, citric acid, potassium thiocyanate (KSCN)] and hydrazine as reductant agent is developed. It was found that pure Ag
 2
Se nanoparticles were prepared in the presence of KSCN after 90 minutes of sonication. The products were characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Photoluminescence was used to study the optical properties of Ag
 2
Se samples.


Industrial robots play an important role in manufacturing process. Since robots are usually set up in parallel-serial settings, breakdown of a single robot has a negative effect on the entire manufacturing process in that it slows down the process. Therefore, fault diagnostic systems based on the internal signals of robots have gained a lot of attention as essential components of the services provided for industrial robots. The current work in fault diagnostic algorithms extract features from the internal signals of the robot while the robot is healthy in order to build a model representing the normal robot behavior. During the test, the extracted features are compared to the normal behavior for detecting any deviation. The main challenge with the existing fault diagnostic algorithms is that when the task of the robot changes, the extracted features differ from those of the normal behavior. As a result, the algorithm raises false alarm. To eliminate the false alarm, fault diagnostic algorithms require the model to be retrained with normal data of the new task. In this paper, domain adaptation, {\it a.k.a} transfer learning, is used to transfer the knowledge of the trained model from one task to another in order to prevent the need for retraining and to eliminate the false alarm. The results of the proposed algorithm on real dataset show the ability of the domain adaptation in distinguishing the operation change from the mechanical condition change.


This paper describes the application of the computer-aided design/computer-aided testing (CAD/CAT) system VENUS 1 at Siemens for testing CMOS gate arrays [1]. The requirements for and the industrial aspects of CMOS gate array testing will be discussed.


With the aid of a wave-tide gauge,current meter and turbidity meter,the in-situ values of wave height,tidal height,current velocity and turbidity value were recorded,and compared with the values of turbidity and contents of suspended particles measured in the lab coratory,so that the correlations were obtained between turbidity and such in-situ hydrodynamic parameters as wave height,tidal height and current velocity,and the hydrodynamic factors determining sediment incipient motion velocity before breakwater are found to be different from those in the sediment incipient motion theory: when suspended loads prevail,wave height are the determinant factor,suspending soil particles is caused by the swirl and turbulence generated by wave breaking;and the incipient motion quantity of sediments is positively correlated with wave height;in the complicated conditions before breakwater,the correlation between the current velocity before wave breakin and the incipient motion guantity ty is relatively small,implying that the incipient velocity is mainly caused by the velocities of swicls and turbulence generated by wave breaking.


Affirmative action policies have come increasingly under attack in recent years. Both in the courts and in public discourse questions have been raised about the legitimacy of government efforts on behalf of blacks and other racial minorities.' The criticism seems to have two central themes. First, it is argued that those policies which have been tried have not had a noticeable effect on the economic standing of minority group members. (See James Smith and Finis Welch.) They thus constitute yet another example of costly but ineffective government regulation, according to this view. The second theme strikes more deeply at the foundation of these policies. Its adherents argue that even if effective programs could be designed, they ought not be implemented. There have been philosophical and empirical arguments advanced to support this conclusion. Essentially, the philosophical argument states that it is wrong for government to intervene on behalf of certain groups (and thus, necessarily, at the expense of others); this amounts to reverse discrimination-a visiting of the fathers' sins upon the sons.2 The empirical argument concludes that, moral issues aside, such intervention is unwarranted because the consequences of historical discrimination have been (or will soon be) largely eliminated. (See B. Wattenberg and W. Wilson.) In this essay I would like to offer a defense of affirmative action policies against the second of these thematic criticisms. That is, I shall hold in abeyance questions concerning the efficacy of particular programmatic efforts, and concentrate instead on whether government should in principle be taking actions to facilitate economic progress for minority group members. This would seem to be the logical first step in constructing an intellectual basis for affirmative action policies. Of course, philosophers and legal scholars interested in theories of distributive justice have devoted considerable attention to this question in the past ten years. (See R. Dworkin and T. Nagel.) The approach adopted here differs from these earlier efforts in two ways. First, I shall endeavor to meet the empirical argument directly, by pointing to evidence which suggests that significant racial economic disparity persists. Secondly, I will treat the philosophical argument in a manner in keeping with the economist's traditional approach to the question of the desirability of laissez-faire. This approach is based upon the concept of market failure. Intervention is favored over laissez-faire when, because of some externality, the market outcome is inefficient. Below I argue that an analogous "market failure" contributes to the maintenance of economic inequality between racial groups in our society. As such, intervention which redresses this inequality is warranted.


Drawing on a 28-item survey, this article reports the editorial experiences of 173 lead authors of articles published in theAcademy of Management Journal andAcademy of Management Review, over the period 1999 to 2001, to explore some relatively new dynamics that have changed the character of the manuscript review process and given rise to a mounting debate over the proper roles of authors, referees, and editors. Among the survey's more disturbing findings, more than one third of the responding authors reported that recommended revisions in their manuscripts were based on an editor's or referee's personal preferences, and almost 25% indicated that in revising their manuscripts they had actually made changes they felt were incorrect.


The human body is a vital source of data such as images and signals. The signals are collected from different human organs and utilized in diagnosing different diseases. The designing and implementation of intelligent computer programs that try to emulate human intelligence are a sign of the integration of various sciences and areas of knowledge. The development of technologies associated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques that are applied to medicine, represents a novel perspective, which can reduce costs, time, and medical errors. Coronary artery disease (CAD) killed many people in the world, it is considered the most common type of heart disease. This paper uses different evolutionary algorithms to optimize the neural network parameters to enhance the classification process of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). A hybrid system that combines a Genetic Algorithm (GAs), Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) with neural networks (NNs) [GAsBBO-MLPNNs] is proposed to enhance the accuracy of CAD. This paper concentrates on the medical classification system for heart disease on CAD using the Z-Alizadeh Sani dataset as a benchmark. The proposed GAsBBO-MLPNNs outperformed other hybrid models such as; Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods combined with NNs, and previous works, where the method performance parameters result represented as 94.5%, 96.4%, and 94.8% accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity respectively


The ultraviolet pulse detection technology has superiorities in response speed and antijamming capability, so it is extensively applied to insulation detection for electrical equipment. The existing detection and analysis methods have defects, such as failure of precise modeling caused by incomplete analysis of influence factor, poor model adaptability, and complex operation. In allusion to the problems, the ultraviolet pulse detection circuit was optimized and its sensitivity was analyzed through tests. Then, a partial discharge intensity evaluation method for electrical equipment based on the improved adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (improved ANFIS) was proposed combined with the detected pulse count (P), temperature (T) and humidity (H). The initial fuzzy inference system structure was established with the subtractive clustering method (SCM) and fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm, and the traditional ANFIS learning algorithm was improved via Fletcher-Reeves conjugate gradient method. In this way, the model parameters were optimized continuously, and the system ability of ignoring small changes in the network was improved. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the method were verified through field test. The experimental results demonstrated that the improved ANFIS reduced the model error by 2% when compared with traditional ANFIS, and the model accuracy is improved. Besides, the quantitative precision of the discharge intensity is higher than that of the traditional ANFIS by the contrastive analysis of field test data, indicating that the improved ANFIS evaluate the partial discharge intensity of electrical equipment more accurately. Thus, a decision basis can be provided for the equipment protection and charged maintenance of the electric system.


Cadmium-rich CdS nanotubes were directly obtained at the air–water interface by a new photochemical route. Under ultraviolet light irradiation, branch-like lamellas were first formed on the surface of the precursor solution, and then they bent into nanotubes because of the composition difference between the two sides of lamellas during photochemical reactions and sulfur–air reactions. A typical nanotube has one spherical seal and one open end. Most of the cadmium was contained in the tubes and a little was doped in the tube-walls during their formation. Such nanotubes showed higher photocatalytic activity than the corresponding pure CdS nanotubes in the photodegradation of methylene blue because of the existence metal cadmium. This route is green, template/surfactant-free, reproducible and can be extended to prepare other binary compound semiconductor nanostructures containing elements that can react either with air or another gas.


Impedance modeling for low voltage distribution network has important applications in power line communication and smart home constructions. Attribute to the topologies and loads connection, impedances of low voltage power line and loads are various and complicate. To obtain impedance characteristics of resident community distribution network, impedances characteristics with time and frequency are worth to be mastered. This paper presents measurements and analysis of the impedance of several electric loads and communication nodes on low voltage residential distribution network at frequencies from 100kHz to 500kHz. Benefited from these impedances measurement results, a signal attenuation model, which is related with impedance variation, is deduced. The simulation had verified that this model can approximate the real measurement result satisfactorily.


In order to make full use of residue from traditional Chinese medicine,the different kinds of residues of traditional Chinese Medicine for laccase production by Coriolus hirsutus were investigated.It is capable of producing laccase with the three kinds of residues of traditional Chinese Medicine.The result showed that the optimal medium composition was as follows: wheat bran 3%,peptone0.2%,residues of Chinese rhubarb 12%,MgSO43g/L,KH2PO43g/L,pH value 5.0.Enzyme activity under the optimal culture conditions was 4 828.2U/mL,which was 1.4fold of that of the original medium.


Tzeng and Lee investigated the effect of multifaceted changes on subsequent mortality in older people over a period of 4 years. Hazard ratios of keeping good selfrated health, activities of daily living, life satisfaction and religious activity for mortality were all significantly decreased. I have some concerns about their study. First, Chen et al. investigated the associated factors of self-rated health in older people living alone. Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that chronic disease, acute disease, functional ability, satisfaction with health services, depression and age were significant predictors of self-rated health. This means that selfrated health is closely associated with activities of daily living and life satisfaction. As poor physical and mental health affect self-rated health, activities of daily living, and life satisfaction, a bi-directional association between these factors and mortality or morbidity would exist. Second, the authors used "positive change," which was defined as stable or improving indicator scores, as an independent variable for mortality. Diehr et al. compared the decline in 13 measures of physical, mental and functional health in older adults with a 5-year interval. They recognized that mental health, cognition, quality of life and hospital utilization did not decline as fast as gait speed, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. I believe that the "positive change" of each independent variable would vary in the speed of change, and time-dependent Cox regression analysis should also be considered for the analysis. Third, the authors handled self-rated health as one of the independent variables for mortality. This is an integrated indicator of subjectively evaluated health, and it is decided by comparing the present health status with the target level, which is set by each individual. Self-rated health is a good predictor not only for allcause mortality, but also for the specific cause of death, and I recommend the authors carry out sensitivity analysis by selecting specific mortalities. Finally, there are reviews of the effect of lifestyle intervention on subsequent improvement of mortality, and lifestyle factors, such as exercise, adequate drinking and no smoking, can be simultaneously included for the analysis. At the same time, the effect of ethnic difference on the association should also be considered. Disclosure statement


The paper expounds the economic cost and value of historic building, and discusses how to enhance the benefit from the conservation of historic buildings, and how to keep the balance of the market and the conservation of historic buliding, by means of value innovation, industrial cooperation, government intervention, property management and system innovation.


Liquid−liquid equilibrium data for the ternary system 1-pentanol + 1-propanol + water have been determined experimentally at (25, 50, 85, and 95) °C. The results have been correlated simultaneously by the UNIQUAC method, obtaining a set of interaction parameters valid over the temperature range of the experimental results.


This article aims to analyze the impact of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) twoand three in Latin America. Firstly, it will explore the relations between the MDGs two (achieveuniversal primary education) and three (promote gender equality and empower women).Secondly, it will present the particularities of contemporary Latin America in what relates togender equality in education. Finally, it will analyze a very common policy in the region, whichhas been considerably impacting Latin America with regards to access to primary educationand gender equity: the Conditional Cash Transfer Programs. This research paper's goal is tocontribute to the achievement of the MDGs two and three in Latin America by encouragingactions from governments, civil society and the private sector.


This snapshot gives a glimpse of tropical algebra and geometry. To start with, let us take a look at one of the simplest objects from any geometry: a line. A tropical line in the plane consists of three usual half lines in the directions (−1,0), (0,−1) and (1,1) emanating from some point in the plane (see Figure 1a). Why call this strange object a line, in the tropical sense or any other? If we look more attentively, we find that tropical lines have certain familiar geometric properties of "usual" or "classical" lines in the plane. For instance, most pairs of tropical lines intersect in a single point (see Figure 1b). Also for most choices of pairs of points in the plane there is a unique tropical line passing through the two points (see Figure 1c). What is even more important, although not at all visible from the picture, is that classical and tropical lines are both given by an equation of the form ax + by + c = 0. In fact, one could say that classical and tropical geometries are developed following the same principles but from two different methods of calculation. They are simply the geometric faces of two different algebras.


AbstrcatThe length of testing speech is one of the key factors of affecting the speaker recognition. This paper focuses on the relationship between the length of testing speech and text independent speaker recognition accuracy of the system for DSR. The first experiment, which is done with clean and noisy speeches, shows that the longer the testing time of input speech signal, the higher the average recognition accuracy we get, and that we can obtain the optimal testing length for noisy speeches . In the second experiment, we first of all classify speakers into two groups by speakers' gender, and then we recognize their identities in some groups,which reduce the optimal testing length for noisy speech and enhance the robust of system . Finally, the experiment results are discussed.


6 A numerical modeling study has been conducted to explore the ability of the WRF-based 7 Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) with 100 m grid spacing to reproduce AgI particle dispersion 8 by comparing the model results with measurements made on Feb. 16, 2011 over the Medicine 9 Bow Mountains in Wyoming. The recently developed AgI cloud seeding parameterization 10 (Xue et al. 2013b,a) was applied in this study to simulate AgI release from ground-based 11 generators. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons between the LES results, observed 12 soundings, and airborne/ground-based observed AgI concentrations were conducted. Anal13 yses of TKE features within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and comparisons between 14 the 100 m LES simulation and simulations with 500 m grid spacing were performed as well. 15 The results showed that: 1) Despite the moist bias close to the ground and above 4 km AGL, 16 the LES simulation with 100 m grid spacing captured the essential environmental conditions 17 except for a slightly more stable simulated PBL compared to the observed soundings. 2) 18 Wind shear is the dominant TKE production mechanism in wintertime PBL over complex 19 terrain and generates a PBL with about 1000 m depth. The terrain-induced turbulent eddies 20 are primarily responsible for the vertical dispersion of AgI particles. 3) The LES-simulated 21 AgI plumes were shallow and narrow, in agreement with observations. The LES simulation 22 overestimated AgI concentrations close to the ground, which is consistent with the higher 23 static stability in the model than observed. 4) Non-LES simulations using PBL schemes had 24 difficulty capturing the shear-dominant turbulent PBL structure over complex terrain in 25 wintertime. Therefore, LES simulations of wintertime orographic clouds with a grid spacing 26 close to 500 m or finer are recommended. 27


lthough life expectancy is increasing worldwide, living longer is not always synonymous with a greater number of healthy years, as increasing age and risk for developing a chronic, life-limiting condition are related. Approximately 20 million older individuals in the United States have at least two or more chronic, life-limiting health conditions; the most common are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high cholesterol, and heart disease. These conditions last more than 1 year, require ongoing medical care, and affect independence and activities of daily living. Increased ED and offi ce visits, hospitalizations, and home healthcare services are associated with increasing age and multiple chronic conditions. In 2010, more than half of Medicare expenditure went to hospitalizations for 15% of the Medicare population, a disproportionate amount. In essence, this population is likely to experience increasing symptoms and a decrease in quality of life for several years prior to death. The majority of older adults in the United States have health insurance under Medicare, which includes a hospice benefi t for the last 6 months of life. However, patients could live months to years with increasing symptoms and worsening quality of life prior to hospice eligibility. During this time, care goals should focus on symptom management, psychosocial support, and advance care planning. A Abstract: As longevity increases, individuals with chronic, life-limiting conditions will live longer with disease burden and functional decline. Nurse practitioners can integrate symptom management, early decision-making, and supportive care into the primary care setting to improve quality of life and decrease economic and emotional impact at the end of life.


The potato dry rot is one of the main diseases of potato storage period,which becomes a major factor limiting potato industry development.To determine the infection pathogen characteristics is of great significance for the early prediction and prevention of dry rot.In this experiment,physiological and biochemical characteristics in tuber were determined in potato and F.trichothecioides interaction process. The results showed that MDA content showed downward trend in potato tuber after F.trichothecioides infecting two varieties of potatoes.The contents of soluble protein and POD activity were closely related to disease resistance.


Lighting medical tube set that provides a visual display of the features associated with the type and operating state of the tube is provided. Lighting tube set system includes an optical element, the fluid conduit, the power. Medical tubing detection and management system includes an injection manifold housing at least one fluid channel passes. At least one can be provided with fluid input port to the injection manifold housing, at least one fluid input port, (the I) illuminated medical tube in fluid connection, (II) injection manifold at least one fluid channel through de housing in fluid It may be configured to communicate. Can be provided with a fluid output port on the injection manifold housing, the fluid output port may be configured to at least fluid communication with one fluid channel through the injection manifold housing. At least one can be provided to the light sensor infusion manifold housing, at least one optical sensor may be configured to receive light from the illumination medical tubing to be connected to at least one fluid input port. Fluid output ports can be configured to connect fluid output tubing and the fluid.


Basis of a robust safety strategy for an automated driving function based on neural networks is a detailed description of its input domain, i.e. a description of the environment, in which the function is used. This is required to describe its functional system boundaries and to perform a comprehensive safety analysis. Moreover, it allows to tailor datasets specifically designed for safety related validation tests. Ontologies fulfill the task to gather expert knowledge and model information to enable computer aided processing, while using a notion understandable for humans. In this contribution, we propose a methodology for domain analysis to build up an ontology for perception of autonomous vehicles including characteristic features that become important when dealing with neural networks. Additionally, the method is demonstrated by the creation of a synthetic test dataset for an Euro NCAP-like use case.


Spectra of L x rays emitted from Ho targets bombarded by 6 MeV/amu C, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe ions were measured in high resolution using a curved crystal spectrometer, employing second-order diffraction from a LiF crystal. The spectra were analyzed in order to examine the systematic evolution of the L x-ray satellite structure as a function of projectile atomic number. A relatively simple interpretation of the structure in the measured spectra, based on the Independent Electron Approximation and DiracFock calculations, was used to develop an analysis procedure that reproduced the shape of the spectra with reasonably good accuracy. It was found that transitions from atoms with single Land multiple M + outer-shell vacancies in the initial state dominate the spectra. In addition, contributions from L x rays emitted by atoms with two or three L vacancies in the initial state were clearly identified [1]. These contributions were found to account for up to 21% of the total L x-ray intensity. In this reporting period, the results obtained in the analysis of the spectra were used to establish scaling rules for the apparent average double to single L-vacancy population ratio at the time of L x-ray emission. The results were then compared with those obtained for K-vacancy populations at the time of K x-ray emission for Co, Ni, and Cu atoms, since their K binding energies are comparable to Ho L binding energies. In the Independent Electron Approximation [2], the cross section (σm ) for the removal of exactly m electrons from a shell containing N electrons (m ≤ N) is expressed in terms of the single-electron ionization probability p(b) as


Article Type Original Research Authors Torabi M.1 MSc, Moharamzadeh S.* MSc, Ebrahim Kh.2 PhD How to cite this article Torabi M, Moharamzadeh S, Ebrahim Kh. Effect of Aromatic Essential Oil of Lavender on the Electrical Activity of Healthy Girls' Heart during Exercise. Horizon of Medical Sciences. 2017;23(2) :99-104. Copyright© 2017 ASP Ins. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms. ١٠٠ م ی مث بارت ی ناراکمه و ــــــ ــ ـــــــــــــــ ــــــ ــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــ ــ ـــــ ـــــ ـ ــ ــ ـــــــــــ ــــ ــ ـــــــــــ ــ ــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ لصف همان یملع یشهوژپ شناد قفا هرود ٢٣ هرامش ، ٢ ، راهب ١٣٩٦ ت ا نغور ریث کیتامورآ رب سودوخوطسا یسناسا رد یشزرو تیلاعف نیح بلق یکیرتکلا تیلاعف ملاس نارتخد


coronary disease, or triple-vessel disease with left ventricular dysfunction, bypass surgery has been shown to improve outcome. The clinical trial evidence for improved outcome from bypass surgery or angioplasty in lesser degrees of coronary artery disease is less convincing. When the late Dr Andreas Gruentzig introduced coronary angioplasty to clinical practice in the late 1970s, he recognized that randomized clinical trials were "clearly needed if we are to evaluate the efficacy of this new technique as compared with current medical and surgical treatment".' A decade later this clear need has not yet been filled. The subgroup of patients with unstable angina would be an ideally suitable population for a multicentre study in Australia to assess the efficacy of angioplasty against bypass surgery and medical therapy. Australian cardiology units have shown themselves adept at conducting multicentre studies on coronary disease, particularly on thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction, contributing large numbers of patients to the international collaborative studies on mortality reduction" and conducting more detailed studies involving cardiac catheterization.t" This series of investigations has shown that the clinical trial evaluation of new procedures need not impede the introduction of a new technique or compromise patient care. Indeed the recent clinical trials conducted in Australia on thrombolytic therapy have been paralleled by significant increases in the use of thrombolytic agents. Wilkes et al. have shown that the use of angioplasty in a low-risk group of patients with unstable angina is feasible and can result in freedom from symptoms in 850/0 at one year. They have not demonstrated whether angioplasty is more cost effective than medical therapy or coronary artery bypass surgery in preventing symptom recurrence or subsequent myocardial infarction. It is now established that coronary angioplasty is technically feasible, but the answer to the major question, "does it make a real difference?", must await the outcome of controlled clinical trials. PETER L. THOMPSON Cardiologist, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth Chairman, Clinical Trials Working Group Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand


The mouth portion 1a of the bottle-shaped container 1, a liquid container pump unit 2 is detachably mounted capable discharging a fixed amount of liquid filled in the container 1, the mouth portion 1a of the bottle-shaped container 1 There has been molded into a wide-mouth. Then, through the joint cap 3 having a small diameter threaded portion 3b is screwed to the pump means 2 includes a threaded portion 3 of the large-diameter screwed into the wide mouth of the mouth portion 1a to bottom to top, the pump means 2 is attached to the mouth portion 1a of the bottle-like container 1. The liquid container can be poured reliably in a state of stable liquid for refill, usability is good, and those having a desired strength wall thickness uniform.


Background

Postintensive care syndrome (PICS) is defined as a new or worsening impairment in cognition, mental health, and physical function after critical illness, which is associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality. We recently have developed a clinically relevant animal model of PICS, which can mimic most features of human PICS. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence has suggested that hippocampal GABAergic interneuron dysfunction is implicated in various mood disorders induced by stress.
Methods

We explored the role of hippocampal GABAergic interneurons and relevant neural activities in an animal model of PICS based on two-hit hypothesis. In addition, we tested whether fluoxetine treatment early following combined stress can prevent subsequent anatomical and behavioral pathologies.
Results

Here our study further supported our previous findings that this PICS model displayed reproducible anxiety- and depression like behavior and cognitive impairments, which resembles clinical features of human PICS. This behavioral state is accompanied by hippocampal neuroinflammation, reduced parvalbumin (PV) expression, and decreased theta and gamma power. Importantly, chronic fluoxetine treatment reversed most of these abnormities.
Conclusions

Our study provides additional evidence that PV interneuron-mediated hippocampal network activity disruption might play a key role in the pathological of PICS, while fluoxetine offers protection via modulation of the hippocampal PV interneuron and relevant network activities.


Recognition can be performed either by experiencing a feeling of familiarity for a stimulus or by recalling contextual detail of a prior episode. These bases of recognition occur under different conditions, are influenced by different factors, and cause different subjective reactions. The former often appears to be caused by an automatic process (spontaneous and consuming no conscious resources), the latter by a controlled process. In contrast to this dual-process view, we report a series of experiments demonstrating that both familiarity and recall result from a heuristic evaluation and attribution process. We suggest that qualitative differences observed between the two states do not derive from a fundamental dichotomy of process. Instead, we argue that differences between familiarity and recall result from differences in the types of information on which they are based. We suggest that these states result from essentially the same processes, both involving the production of some mental event, followed by an evaluation of that experience and an attribution to a source in the past.


Walter Blair, this book claims, was the literary scholar who, almost single-handedly, gave the study of American humour significance in the academic world. By categorising the writings of American literary humourists into such diverse styles as the Old Southwest, Local Colour and Literary Comedian humour - each having serious social import - Blair abolished the notion that they were all practicing the same kind of intellectual irreverence. Moving through more than six decades of Walter Blair's work, this book aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to the discipline he developed. The editor has selected and ordered this collection to show the scope of Blair's expertise, which encompassed the careers of characters lke Baron Munchausen as well as the achievements of such real-life humourists as E. B. White. An entire section is devoted to discourses on Mark Twain, Blair's major subject.


Spatio‐temporal variations and links between irrigation and the agricultural sector were delineated in the districts of an eastern Indian state, West Bengal, during 2001–2002 to 2011–2012. Cumulative annual exponential growth rate (CAEGR) was calculated for each of the parameters considered under agriculture and irrigation. The irrigation and agricultural scenario at district level were assessed through different indexes. The growth rate of most of the districts showed a declining trend in 5 out of 11 selected parameters, viz. share of cultivable land to total land, share of net sown area to cultivable land, food grain production, paddy production and cropping intensity. Overall, growth rates were found for the canal‐ and groundwater‐irrigated areas, respectively, with an increase of net irrigated area (CAEGR 0.17). Both the agricultural development index (ADI) and the irrigation coverage index (ICI) were found to be high to very high (≥60) in four districts, while two districts had very low to low ADI and ICI values (≤40) in all the years. The source‐wise irrigation utilization indices altogether explained 91% variation in ADI that was predominantly by canal and groundwater irrigation. Some missing links were also observed in some districts where the level of agricultural development did not match the irrigation scenario. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming widely used for supporting multiple heterogeneous missions, requiring continuous evolution and adaptation of the implemented services. This scenario calls for the definition of architectural abstractions that support the integration of service-variants, in particular the notion of SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) for services composition, to fulfill application-specified performance and dependability requirements. In this paper, we discuss the problems of using SOA (a non-deterministic approach) in UAVs (a real-time based embedded system) and the safety issues that such environment may raise. We then put forward a framework to tackle the identified challenges and propose potential solutions considering the opportunities and threats of using SOA in UAVs.


Calculations are presented which follow the time evolution of the energy distribution function of electrons interacting with an extensively preionized He gas and a CO2 laser photon field. Explicit account is taken of electron‐electron collisions, inelastic and superelastic collisions between electrons and excited species, and inverse bremsstrahlung in the field of ions and neutrals. Computed breakdown thresholds are in agreement with recent data of Brown and Smith.


A congruence ρ on a semigroup is said to be idempotent-separating if each ρ-class contains at most one idempotent. For any idempotent e of a semigroup S the set eSe is a subsemigroup of S with identity e and group of units He, the maximal subgroup of S containing e. The purpose of the present note is to show that if S is a regular O-bisimple semigroup and e is a non-zero idempotent of 5 then there is a one-to-one correspondence between the idempotentseparating congruences on 5 and the subgroups N of He with the property that aN ⊆ Na for all right units a of eSe and Nb ⊆ bN for all left units b of eSe. Some special cases of this result are discussed and, in the final section, an application is made to the principal factors of the full transformation semigroup on a set X.


Active distribution networks must operate properly for different scenarios of load levels and distributed generation. An important operational requirement is to maintain the voltage profile within standard operating limits. To do this, this paper proposed a Multi-Scenario Three-Phase Optimal Power Flow (MTOPF) that plans the voltage regulation of unbalance and active distribution networks considering typical scenarios of operation. This MTOPF finds viable operation points by the optimal adjustments of voltage regulator taps and distribution transformer taps. The differentiating characteristic of this formulation is that in addition to the traditional tuning of voltage regulator taps of an active network applied for just one scenario of load and generation, it also performs the optimal adjustment of distribution transformer taps, which, once fixed, is able to meet the voltage limits of diverse operating situations. The optimization problem was solved by the primal-dual interior-point method and the formulation was tested using the IEEE 123-bus system.


Soil erosion modulates the atmospheric CO2 level by affecting the redistribution of young biospheric organic carbon (OCbio) and ancient petrogenic organic carbon (OCpetro) in different order streams. However, the fate of soil organic carbon (SOC) in low‐order stream systems is still uncertain due to the complex influences of terrain, land uses, and anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we used the geochemical properties fingerprinting method and a radiocarbon‐based two‐member mixing model to clarify the source, budgets, and composition of SOC in a low‐order stream catchment in the Yellow River basin. The results showed that the primary source of SOC in the catchment was agricultural activity area, which accounted for 68.5%. After vegetation restoration, the SOC delivery rate and loss rate decreased from 0.38 ± 0.06 to 0.26 ± 0.04 and 0.19 ± 0.06 to 0.14 ± 0.04 t·ha−1·yr−1, respectively. The SOC mobilized by soil erosion in the source area was 1,085.8 ± 170.5 t from 1969 to 2015, and the SOC lost during the transport process was 552.9 ± 170.1 t. The lost carbon was dominated by OCbio, whereas the loss of OCpetro was minimal. Soil erosion can mobilize the OCpetro sequestered in terrestrial ecosystems and deliver it to a river system if it is not intercepted. The oxidation of OCpetro during long‐distance fluvial transport may represent a significant carbon source for atmospheric CO2 on a geological timescale. This study contributes to our understanding of the carbon sink/source issue and quantifies the SOC budgets in stream systems.


Chemotaxis, i.e. the ability to detect and respond to gradients in a heterogeneous environment, is a powerful fitness advantage for microbes. Although this process has been extensively studied in model bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and pathogenic amoeba such as Entamoeba histolytica, it has only been assessed to a much lesser extent in a handful of environmental amoeba, including Dictyostelium discoideum and Acanthamoeba. In fact, little is known about this process in environmental eukaryotes. Recent studies have alluded to the capabilities of amoeba tracking their microbial prey, however the precise mechanisms governing this process remain unknown. This study attempts to evaluate chemotaxis capabilities in several marine and freshwater free-living amoebas.


Objective: To analyze the distribution of pathogens and their drug resistance of children with acute lower respiratory infection. Method: As a research object,568 children with acute lower respiratory infection who treated from August 2011 to December 2012 in Dongfeng hospital of Zhongshan. The specimens in deep phlegm with children were collected by painless sputum suction method. And sent to laboratory for bacterial culture,strain identification and drug sensitive test immediately. Result: A total of 162 pathogens were detected,with a total positive rate of 28.5%. There was 63 gram-positive,accounting for 38.89%; gram-negative bacteria bacteria 96,accounting for 59.26%,fungi strains accounting for 1.85%. Distribution of pathogenic bacteria different in each age group children with acute lower respiratory tract infections,gram-positive bacterium more in 0-4 years old children,gram-negative bacteria distributed in each age group. Gram-negative bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The drug resistance rate of Erythromycin,Penicillin,Clindamycin and Benzene azole sodium were 22.5%-87.50%,and was more sensitive to antibiotics such as Vancomycin and Clindamycin. Gram-negative bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Sewer enterobacter and Haemophilus influenzae based, and sensitive to Amikacin,Ciprofloxacin,Bake south imine. The high resistance of antibiotics were Cefazolin,Cefuroxime,Piperacillin sodium and Ampicillin. Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria is the main pathogenic bacteria in children with acute lower respiratory infections,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are based. The trend of antibiotic resistance is ncreased. We must to specification using strengthen the monitoring,as far as possible to rational using the antimicrobial agents base for the results of drug susceptibility.