The Art of Teaching and Learning: Best Practices from a Master Educator. By Patrick Allitt. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company, 2010. 12 hours of DVD material plus paperback course guidebook.

This is not a traditional "book" review, but a consideration of a series of 24 half-hour lectures designed to consider a significant range of teaching issues, primarily in higher education. Its publisher, The Teaching Company offers nearly 400 high-quality non-credit courses in a variety of media on everything from music appreciation to particle physics. History Professor Patrick Allitt, who directed Emory's Center for Teaching and Curriculum, is the primary lecturer. Allitt draws additional material from interviews with six colleagues at very different institutions. Among them are faculty in dedicated business programs, medical schools, and specialists in offering various introductory courses to large lecture halls full of students. Also included are clips of classroom activities and student interviews.

Allitt is a somewhat gawky Brit with a tendency toward monotonic presentation, not some siren-voiced svengali capable of teaching managerial ethics, forensic entomology, or quantum computing to heads of cabbage by dint of pure charisma. If he can teach teachers about teaching, it will be the result of skill and insight, and not intangibles or non-transferables. This set of lectures has real value, though some areas are covered more effectively than others, and some suggestions should generate real controversy.

The course promises something for everyone in the realm of education. Allitt tries, albeit mostly unsuccessfully, to make connections between instruction in higher education and teaching challenges in other venues, like job-related training. The value of these lectures is not their reach across educational contexts, but in the breadth …


In this paper we discuss parametrized partial differential equations (P2DEs) for parameters that describe the geometry of the underlying problem. One can think of applications in control theory and optimization which depend on time-consuming parameter-studies of such problems. Therefore, we want to reduce the order of complexity of the numerical simulations for such P2DEs. Reduced Basis (RB) methods are a means to achieve this goal. These methods have gained popularity over the last few years for model reduction of finite element approximations of elliptic and instationary parabolic equations. We present a RB method for parabolic problems with general geometry parameterization and finite volume (FV) approximations. After a mapping on a reference domain, the parabolic equation leads to a convection-diffusion-reaction equation with anisotropic diffusion tensor. Suitable FV schemes with gradient reconstruction allow to discretize such problems. A model reduction of the resulting numerical scheme can be obtained by an RB technique. We present experimental results, that demonstrate the applicability of the RB method, in particular the computational acceleration.


In heavy haul applications, certain types of freight cars that are normally equipped with conventional draft gears to protect car structure from coupling impact and in-train forces will experience lower coupler forces and acceler ations by using elastomeric draft gears. One of these systems, the Twin-Pack®, is an elastomeric design that has greater capacity to absorb coupling and in-train shocks. This device has a stiffer spring rate, less slack, and an optimized stroke j all of which contribute to lower coupling forces, which is important for longer equipment life in heavy haul service.


In this paper we derive an algorithm for solving the Stokes{equations for the example of the Driven{Cavity{Problem. We treat the Stokes{equations in the divergence{free weak formulation and show the construction of divergence{free reenable functions, which will be used as trial functions in the Galerkin{method. The system will be solved by means of the preconditioned cg{method. We make use of multilevel preconditioning strategies to obtain uniformly bounded condition numbers. Acknowledgement: The author feels very grateful for Wolfgang Dahmen for many discussions , helpful comments and for bringing the attention of the author to this subject. He also thanks Henning Esser for some helpful remarks concerning the preconditioner and Frank Knoben for helping him a lot during the implementation of the algorithm.


In the current study we investigated the explicit representation of constraints or "rules" in a team-based planning task using shared representations. We manipulated the variable of text, which has had limited attention in human factors literature. In addition, we used the subject variable of gender, also unique in human factors research. We also demonstrated successful use of a game-based experimental platform to investigate these variables using multiple process and performance measures. Findings highlight the need to develop principles concerning text for health information that do not currently exist. All findings involve considerations applicable to the design of health information, rich in content that has to be located, comprehended, and applied in a potentially time sensitive manner for individuals with differing backgrounds and levels of expertise.


Colombia has an energy matrix that is mostly hydroelectric and includes renewable energies such as wind power, which represents a minor contribution. The only operational wind farm is in the northern part of the country, where more projects will be implemented in the future in search of increasing the installed capacity and electricity generation. However, the wind potential and behavior of other areas of the national territory have been little reviewed. The most recommended method to characterize the potential in different areas of Colombia is to use real data, generating vertical extrapolations and respecting the good practices of the wind industry. The foregoing not only allows the generation of statistical and descriptive characterizations but also, together with the climatological, geographical, and technological variables (turbines), an estimate of the generable energy that can be obtained. In the described study, we applied specialized software to generate a rating matrix, from which it was possible to issue an opinion on five possible locations obtained from the theoretical development of micrositing, where 14 factors were reviewed. There is no published research of this nature for the country, so it is relevant in terms of novelty. Finally, it can be concluded that in Colombia, the wind potential should not be associated with a specific region, since there are data throughout the territory where this type of research can be replicated.


Crystallization in Pnma, with a=6.819, b=4.350, c=7.801A, Z=4; R=0.025. It crystallizes in the TiNiSi structure type. Pd- and Al-atoms form a framework of tetrahedra. The ytterbium atoms occupy voids of this Pd/Al framework. Interatomic distances are: d(Yb-Yb) = 3.563-3.586, d(Yb-Pd) = 2.864-3.881, d(Yb-Al) = 3.065-3.250, d(Pd-Al) = 2.559-2.864, d(Al-Al) = 3.043A


A signal analysis method is used for analyzing correctness of image signals output by an image signal generator. The image signal generator is capable of translating a source image into a first image signal to be output and also capable of receiving a source image signal and translating the signal into a second image signal to be output. The signal analysis method includes: firstly, selecting a decoding method corresponding to communication protocol of the image signal generator, capturing an image signal output by the image signal generator, decoding the captured image signal by the selected decoding method, and forming an image on a display unit; and secondly, comparing to obtain difference between the displayed image and the source image or the image formed by the source image signal, and judging the correctness of the image signal output by the image signal generator.


Production of aluminum is a very energy intensive process which is increasingly more important in the USA. This project concentrated on the materials issues associated with recovery of energy from the flue gas stream in the secondary industry where scrap and recycled metal are melted in large furnaces using gas fired burners. Recuperators are one method used to transfer heat from the flue gas to the air intended for use in the gas burners. By preheating this combustion air, less fuel has to be used to raise the gas temperature to the desired level. Recuperators have been successfully used to preheat the air, however, in many cases the metallic recuperator tubes have a relatively limited lifetime – 6 to 9 months. The intent of this project was to determine the cause of the rapid tube degradation and then to recommend alternative materials or operating conditions to prolong life of the recuperator tubes. The first step to understanding degradation of the tubes was to examine exposed tubes to identify the corrosion products. Analyses of the surface scales showed primarily iron oxides rather than chromium oxide suggesting the tubes were probably cycled to relatively high temperatures to the extent that cycling andmore » subsequent oxide spalling reduced the surface concentration of chromium below a critical level. To characterize the temperatures reached by the tubes, thermocouples were mounted on selected tubes and the temperatures measured. During the several hour furnace cycle, tube temperatures well above 1000°C were regularly recorded and, on some occasions, temperatures of more than 1100°C were measured. Further temperature characterization was done with an infrared camera, and this camera clearly showed the variations in temperature across the first row of tubes in the four recuperator modules. Computational fluid dynamics was used to model the flow of combustion air in the tubes and the flue gas around the outside of the tubes. This modeling showed the distribution of air in the tubes was not at all uniform, and it was strongly affected by velocity and the turbulence created by items in the lower plenum such as the fork lift slots, structural members, and broken spiral fins originally intended to promote non-linear flow in the tubes. Finite element modeling of the stresses developed between tubes in the first and second rows showed how stresses could become large enough to account for the bending and bowing of tubes in the first row. To prevent rapid degradation and subsequently short lifetimes of recuperator tubes two approaches were offered. Alloys that form an aluminum oxide surface layer would be more likely to survive the excursions to very high temperatures. However, availability of these alloys in the tube sizes required might be an issue as might the ability of welding these alloys to the other recuperator components. The other approach would entail improving the design of the recuperator module and to change operating procedures to avoid conditions where very hot flue gases are flowing across the recuperator tubes at times when reduced combustion air is flowing through the recuperator tubes.« less


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction System Description and Problem Formulation Sequential Monte Carlo Methods Joint Single-Target Tracking and Classification Multiple-Target Tracking and Classification Sensor Selection Simulation Results Conclusion Appendix: Derivations of (14.38) and (14.40) References


This work addresses the topic of external gear pumps for automotive applications, which operate at high speed and low pressure. In previous works of the authors, a hybrid lumped-parameter/finite-element model has been developed, in order to foresee the pump dynamic behaviour in terms of gear and casing acceleration. The model includes the main important phenomena involved in the pump operation and it has been validated on the basis of experimental data. In this research, an original optimization process has been applied to such a hybrid model in order to reduce the pump vibration level, i.e. the acceleration of the external casing. The set up of the optimization process comprises a single objective (case accelerations) and some operational and geometrical input variables (oil viscosity, oil Bulk modulus, relief groove dimension and radial clearance in the journal bearings). This paper compares three optimization methodologies for the optimization of the pump vibration level. In particular common optimization processes based on simulations are compared with a combined analysis based, firstly, on Design Of Experiments (DOE) and Response Surface Modelling (RSM) and, secondly, on the application of evolutionary algorithms to reach the optimal variable combination. The different methodologies are compared in terms of time efficiency and accuracy in the solution. Finally, a robust design process has been carried out in order to consider the manufacturing tolerances of the real pump and assess their effect on the performance of the component. The results offer important information and design insights that would be very difficult to obtain without such procedures.© 2010 ASME


Objective: To review the surgical technique for orthotopic small bowel transplantation in rats.Methods: The male F344 and Lewis rats were donors and recipients,respectively.The entire small bowel,portol vein and superior mesenteric artery were removed in the donors.Small bowel transplantations were performed by microvacular end-to-side anastomosis of the donor superior mesenteric artery,and the recipient infrarenal aorta by continuous lock suture technique and by formation of a 'cuff' anastomosis between the donor portal vein and the recipient left renal vein.The small bowel of the recipient was removed and replaced by the graft.Both the donor and the recipient received intravenous administration of 4~6 ml of lactated Ringer's solution during the operation.Results: 152 transplantations were performed,among which 120 transplantations were involved in the experiment group.The operation time for the donor and recipient was(60±10) min and(100±15) min,respectively.The warm ischemia time was(30±5)min.78.3% of the recipients survived over 2 weeks after the operation,and their grafts were harvested for pathological examination.The pathological changes of the grafts were consistent with the features of allograft rejection.Conclusion: Graft harvest,vascular anastomosis,prevention of hypovolemic shock and warm preservation during the operation are the key surgical techniques.


Substantially of a rigid substrate having a major surface and comprising the steps of: providing a composite strip that the substantially rigid substrate includes an overlying polymer; And while so as to form a substantially forming a process composite parts has a shape defined by the shape of the mandrel includes the step of a forming process of the composite strip with the mandrel, the method comprising the forming step, the major surface of the composite strip the method of producing substantially the molding process the composite is held as a plane is provided. The composite forming process, a composite washer, the bearing mandrel, the composite strip


Therecordofglobalprecipitation mappingusingSpecialSensorMicrowaveImager(SSM/I)measurements now extends over two decades. Similar measurements, albeit with different retrieval algorithms, are to be used in the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission as part of a constellation to map global precipitation with a more frequent data refresh rate. Remotely sensed precipitation retrievals are prone to both magnitude (precipitation intensity) and phase (position) errors. In this study, the ground-based radar precipitation product from the Next Generation Weather Radar stage-IV (NEXRAD-IV) product is used to evaluate a new metric of error in the long-term SSM/I-based precipitation records. The new metric quantifies the proximity of two multidimensional datasets. Evaluation of the metric across the years shows marked seasonality and precipitation intensity dependence. Drifts and changes in the instrument suite are also evident. Additionally, the precipitation retrieval errors conditional on an estimate of background surface soil moisture are estimated. The dynamic soil moisture can produce temporal variability in surface emissivity, which is a source of error in retrievals. Proper filtering has been applied in the analysis to differentiate between the detection error and the retrieval error. The identification of the different types of errors and their dependence on season, intensity, instrument, and surface conditions provide guidance to the development of improved retrieval algorithms for use in GPM constellation-based precipitation data products.


Preoperative correction of periodontal vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension (HD) can improve the efficiency of dental interventions and reduce the incidence of complications during the implantation process. The periodontal status and functional state of the vascular endothelium were examined in 60 patients with essential hypertension, aged 35 to 45, before and after implantation. The first, main group included 40 people with hypertension, who, in preparation for implantation, along with traditional dental treatment, were prescribed an antioxidant drug Mexidol. Patients of the main group were divided into two subgroups: in subgroup A, a solution of Mexidol was used in the form of applications on the mucous membrane of the gums; in subgroup B, the drug was administered both locally and per os. In the second group, in 20 patients with hypertension, surgical intervention was performed after the traditional complex of therapy. The control group consisted of 10 apparently healthy patients of the same age, with normal blood pressure. Endothelial dysfunction was diagnosed by the level of stable end metabolites of nitric oxide. During the initial examination of patients with hypertension, a significant decrease in the content of nitric oxide metabolites in the blood serum was revealed in comparison with the indicators of patients in the control group. After the course of the therapy, the indicators of nitric oxide in the serum of patients with hypertension increased, more significantly in those who received Mexidol, both locally and orally, which was accompanied by a clear improvement in periodontal status and the absence of complications in the postoperative period.


This edition of Mandel'shtam's Kamen' (a composite of the four lifetime Kamni published between 1913 and 1928), presents most of his early poetry for the first time in its entirety with parallel English renditions. Mandel'shtam treated cycles and books as highly meaningful entities, and in this respect Robert Tracy's translation gains much in authenticity over the otherwise more successful English versions by Clarence Brown, W. S. Merwin, David McDuff, and Bernard Mears, who have limited themselves to selections. Now it is possible to read the whole of Stone, in good English, in one sitting and thereby gain an insight into Mandel'shtam's remarkable world on the basis of a "thick description" (annotations and all), a luxury that hitherto only a Russian speaker could afford and a unique sign of international recognition to which all Russian poets must aspire. The body of the book is preceded by a critical biographical essay. The last forty pages of the edition consist of detailed annotations to virtually every poem. This is a laborious and thankless task — for who has ever been satisfied with someone else's annotations? — but a necessary one, especially in the case of Mandel'shtam, and truly deserving of the reader's gratitude. Unfortunately, the feeling of gratitude that the appearance of the book naturally prompts leaves room for the disappointment that follows a more careful reading.


Sutureless Intrascleral Intraocular Lens Fixation Using a Microtube-Assisted Technique Anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL), iris-fixed IOL, and transscleral posterior chamber IOL suture fixation have been used to treat eyes without sufficient capsular support. Recently, intrascleral IOL fixation, in which IOL haptics are pulled out transsclerally and fixed to the sclera, has been widely performed due to good visual outcomes or as a convenient means of sutureless haptics fixation. Several techniques have been reported to externalize IOL haptics.1,2 Of these, forceps or needles are commonly used for externalization of the IOL haptic because of the straightforward nature of the procedure.3–5 However, both techniques have several limitations. Extracting the IOL haptics with forceps is relatively easy but has the potential to damage the IOL haptics or ciliary body. The needle-guided technique may reduce the risk of the ciliary damage but requires sufficient skill to guide the IOL haptics into the needle in the anterior chamber. Especially in insufficient mydriasis cases, guiding the IOL haptics into the needle is difficult, even for experienced surgeons. Furthermore, both techniques require an intraocular procedure, with the possibility of corneal endothelial cell loss. Here, we report a novel technique for externalizing IOL haptics with a microtube. This technique eliminates the need for an intraocular procedure and, therefore, may minimize perioperative complications. Methods


In this paper we derive strong linear inequalities for sets of the form f (x;q) 2 R d R : q Q(x); x2 R d int(P )g; where Q(x) : R d ! R is a quadratic function, P R d and \int" denotes interior. Of particular but not exclusive interest is the case where P denotes a closed convex set. In this paper, we present several cases where it is possible to characterize the convex hull by eciently separable linear inequalities.


A field experiment was carried out to study genetic variability and correlation between percent defoliation, Cercospora severity, yield and yield components in groundnut, in North Cameroon. Genotypic coefficient of variability, broad sense heritability, genetic gain and correlation coefficients between all the characters studied were estimated by the variance components procedure. Results show that Cercospora severity and fodder yield at harvest had high and significant genotypic correlation coefficients of +0.74** and - 0.61*, respectively with percent defoliation. This indicates that these characters are governed by the same genes (pleiotropism). Thus, selection could be carried out on disease severity and fodder yield at harvest to improve resistance to Cercospora leaf spots in groundnut.


Introduction: South Asians are at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dietary patterns are associated with risk factors for T2D. MicroRNAs (miR), small, noncoding RNAs that bind to mRNA transcripts to regulate gene expression, are associated with glycemic progression in South Asians. We determined whether dietary pattern was associated with circulating miR expression in South Asians. Methods: Asian Indians (n=150), aged 45-84 years, without known CVD, from the San Francisco Bay area between August 2006 and October 2007 were enrolled in the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) pilot study. A food frequency questionnaire validated in South Asians was obtained from participants at baseline. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at baseline and after 2.5 years of follow-up. Circulating microRNAs were measured in plasma samples collected at baseline and stored at -80°C, using a customized Firefly Circulating MicroRNA assay. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was used to determine dietary patterns. Individual miRs were scaled by quartile and ordinal logistic regression models assessed associations with dietary pattern. Results: Two distinct dietary patterns were identified: "Western" (n=59) and Indian "Vegetarian" (n=91). Compared with the Western pattern, the Vegetarian pattern was associated with increased miR-197-3p expression (OR=2.0 [95% CI 1.1, 3.6]), previously linked with decreased odds for glycemic progression after 2.5 years in this cohort. The Vegetarian dietary pattern was associated with decreased miR-138-5p expression (OR 0.5 [95% CI 0.3-0.9]), previously associated with higher odds for glycemic progression. (Table) Conclusions: Dietary patterns are associated with expression of two circulating miRs that also predict glycemic progression in Asian Indians. Further studies are needed to determine if circulating microRNAs associated with dietary pattern may be biomarkers for incident T2D in the high risk South Asian population.


Immunological methods have been developed for quantitation of a protein, provisionally called L1, which constitutes about 5% of the total protein in granulocytes. The protein has a mol wt of about 51000 daltons and an isoelectric point of about 6.3–6.5. It is readily released from leucocytes during storage and following immunological injury to the cell membrane. The concentration of L1 in normal plasma is about 300 ng/ml, but levels above the normal mean + 5 SD were found in 23 out of 30 patients with various malignant diseases and in 4 patients with septicaemia. It is suggested that plasma levels of L1 may reflect the rate of leucocyte turnover in vivo and that the L1 release phenomenon may be used for studies on leucocyte reactions in vitro.


The study included 63 patients with lesions of periarticular tissues of the shoulder joint: 30 patients (the first group) diagnosed subacromial impingement syndrome, 33 patients (the second group) adhesive capsulitis. The control group consisted of 15 healthy individuals. In all patients during the treatment a comprehensive electrophysiological study of neuromuscular and vascular structures in the shoulder girdle and upper limb segments has carried out. The obtained results allowed to quantify the dysfunctional disorders on the affected side of the joint and showed bilateral radicular failure at the level of the cervical segments, the incidence of which is much wider than the local lesion of the shoulder joint.


Abstract : Incorporating the Navy s Advanced Propagation Model (APM) into JSAF would greatly improve the EM range prediction accuracy, particularly for situations with strong refractive effects such as commonly occur in the Mideast and other locations. Many, but not all of the various physical effects on EM transmissions are already included in the APM model and therefore would not require development by NWDC. Because APM is the official OAML EM propagation model for the Navy, there will be continuous improvements and it will not stagnate. Incorporating these improvements into JSAF should be relatively straightforward because most of them will be internal to the program and not require any extra changes to the JSAF sockets that allow input and output of data between APM and the rest of JSAF. Including some of the physical effects, besides refraction, would require significant costs to NWDC in terms of programming effort. They would also contribute more complexity to the user interface. A later report will analyze the associated costs and benefits to various modeling improvements and compare these with the cost/benefits of enhancing the environmental inputs. This analysis will serve as an aid to decision makers who will determine which features should be the focus of JSAF developments now and in the future.


Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia, microbial agents are the potential risk factors.Chronic viral and bacterial infections are associated with pathogenesis and prognosis of IPF.Viral infection increases production of profibrotic factors, and bacterial communities may be acting as persistent stimuli for repetitive alveolar injury.Infection is also a cause of acute exacerbation of IPF.Antimicrobial therapy has some effects on IPF, but it needs further studies.

Key words:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; Viruses; Bacteria; Therapy


Although the leather industry utilizes animal hide, a byproduct of the meat packing industry, as raw material, the industry is challenged with environmental issues related to the waste generated in the tanning process as liquid effluents and solid waste [1]. The implementation of cleaner technologies in leather processing greatly reduces the pollution generated in tanneries; however, these technologies are more focused on the effluents generated and solid waste is typically disposed of in landfills [2]. The main solid wastes from tanneries are sawdust, wet-blue shavings (from chrome tanned leather), finished and semi-finished leather cuts, as well as sludge. Wet-blue leather shavings are generated in the adjustment of leather thickness and consist mainly of protein organic matter. Even though the shavings were treated with chrome tanning salts, they are typically capable of being biodegraded [3].


The reactive power in non-sinusoidal circuits is determined here from an energy analysis instead of using the non-sinusoidal apparent power S. In the first of the two energy analyses, circuits previously examined by the currents' physical components power theory are re-examined using the principle of conservation of energy, the balance principle of the reactive power and the concept of reactive power compensation. This energy analysis yields a reactive power value substantiated by the aforementioned principles and power theory but it also suggests a value of S that differs from its traditional definition. The energy analysis performed with the circuit analysis technique based on geometric algebra, its GN domain power theory and M , a conservative power quantity based on the flow of energy, confirms the reactive power value attained in the former analysis. More importantly, M clarifies three intriguing issues about S: its value, its physical significance and whether this quantity can lead to erroneous conclusions. These, and previous results, demonstrate that the reactive power should be assessed on the energy flow but a multidimensional mathematical framework is needed to better understand energy flow in non-sinusoidal circuits.


Joint source-channel coding enables efficient transmission of embedded bitstreams over unreliable channels. We address channels with fixed packetisation and decoding without or with minimal delays. The computation of an optimal protection scheme for such bitstreams is generally an exponential complexity problem and hence not applicable in a straightforward implementation. Using the rate-distortion characteristics of the source bitstream and the dynamic programming approach we construct an efficient unequal error protection scheme for the predefined channels. Our algorithm is of linear complexity and thus applicable in real time scenarios.


Graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) with different sizes were compounded with polyetherimide (PEId) by meltblending and precoating in order to investigate their effect on the electrical and thermal conductivity of the composites. Precoating compounding successfully created a percolated GNP network with an electrical percolation threshold at 1 wt%, while melt-blended samples required concentrations over 5 wt% to achieve percolation. The precoated samples also show higher thermal conductivity than the melt-blended ones. Smaller GNP particle size results in lower thermal conductivity. An improvement of 1,600% in thermal conductivity was recorded for precoated 10 wt% GNP-15/PEId composite as compared to the neat polymer and a polynomial dependence on GNP concentration was found to predict thermal conductivity. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:2148–2153, 2013. V C 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers


This paper aims to study the latest developments in the Spanish legal controversy on the compatibility with the constitutional principle of non-discrimination based on sex of the financing agreements between Administration and schools providing single-sex education. To this end, it analyses first the legal characterization of educational financing agreements. Then it makes a succinct reference to the controversy over single-sex education, focusing on its legal aspects. Finally, the paper studies the financing agreements between Administration and schools providing single-sex education and their legal situation today, in the light of the provisions of Article 84.3 of the Spanish Basic Education Act and the case law interpreting it.


The process of electrochemical synthesis of nanosized neodymium (praseodymium) hexaboride and three-component Pr (Nd) x –Fe (Ni, Co) y –B z com- pound powders from chloride-fluoride melts has been developed. The composition of produced powders is examined by X -ray phase analysis, and particle sizes are measured by laser diffraction analysis. The dependence of powder phase composition on temperature, component relation, current density, and electrolysis potential is established. The optimum conditions of the process of producing nanosized neodymium and praseodymium bo- rides and ternary Nd 1,1 Fe 4 B 4 compound powders are found.


Abstract. An experimental study of the vector and scalar properties was carried out when changing the direction of deformation on samples made of 9X2 steel. It is shown that after the exhaustion of a certain interval of the trajectory lengths, scalar and vector properties seem to forget the change in the direction of deformation and correspond to the trajectories without changing the direction.


The two-dimensional (2-D) harmonic retrieval method in multiplicative and additive noise based on 2-D chirp z-transform (CZT) is discussed in this paper. Unlike 2-D FFT, the 2-D CZT can improve the spectral resolution without increasing the size of the observation data and fine the spectra of 2-D harmonics in multiplicative and additive noise. Hence, the resolution and accuracy of the 2-D harmonic retrieval method based on 2-D CZT are higher than that of based on 2-D FFT. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method


Solid state photon counters (SSPC), because of their small active area and high quantum efficiency, can offer a high quality, cost effective choice for scanned image acquisition. The speed and dynamic range of SSPCs show both thermal and electronic limitations. We present a series of experiments which separately examine the thermal and electronic saturation effects. We discuss several approaches to the thermal loading problem, demonstrate count rates of over 107 counts/sec, and describe design considerations necessary for attaining rates of 108 counts/sec.


Modified cassava flour (mocaf) is an alternative food ingredient used in preparation of biscuits as a binder and a carrier of folic acid fortificant. This work aimed to evaluate the mocaf addition with natural folic acid fortificants in two infant biscuit formulations. Mocaf was added at concentration of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4% (w/w, control formula of infant biscuit) with folic acid fortificant A (mixture of nixtamalized corn, soy tempeh and fermented broccoli) and B (mixture of nixtamalized corn, mung beans tempeh and fermented broccoli). The optimum condition was achieved at mocaf concentration of 0.3% and resulted in infant biscuits A and B with folic acid content of 212.23 µg/mL and 438.74 µg/mL, dissolved protein 27.41 mg/mL and 28.88 mg/mL, total sugars of 358.20 mg/mL and 322.72 mg/mL, reducing sugars of 35.10 mg/mL and 39.78 mg/mL, total solids of 94.82% and 92.43%, respectively. The formulations of biscuits A and B increased folic acid content by 80.05% and 199.55% compared to the counterpart without mocaf addition. The predominant folic acid monomers had molecular weight of 442 m/z. Volatile compounds were identified as acetic acid, furan, and fatty acids. Biscuits A and B displayed average particle size of 69.07 μm and 69.78 μm with hardness of 8.44 N and 16.94 N, and lightness of 35.68 and 36.86, respectively.


ed from: Mathews JD, Forsythe AV, Brady Z, et al. Cancer risk in 680000 people exposed to computed tomography scans in childhood or adolescence: data linkage study of 11 million Australians. BMJ 2013;346:f2360. CT scans are invaluable medical tools aiding diagnosis and supporting patient management. However, a single CT scan can deliver a radiation dose equivalent to 1000 X-ray films. Indeed, a neonate can receive an effective dose of 20 mSv from a single abdominal scan—the equivalent of the 1-year radiation advisory limit for radiation workers. Radiation exposure is hazardous to health: at high doses it causes cancer and other diseases. However, the effect of lower doses has been difficult to assess, especially as long the latency between exposure and disease makes follow-up difficult. However, it is now possible to link electronic records on large patient populations over many years, and using this approach Mathews' group in Australia was able to follow CT scan and cancer history in 11 000 000 people over 10 years. The study found a 24% increase in cancer in the CT scan-exposed group, consistent with a similar, although smaller, study of cancer risk in over 120 000 young people who received CT scans in the UK. The conclusion is inescapable: radiation causes cancer and CT scans expose patients to radiation and cause cancer in patients. The younger the child, the more numerous the scans, the greater the risk. Radiological organisations have embraced the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) approach for both occupational and medical exposures. Paediatricians should also embrace the ALARA concept: fewer children having fewer CT scans. For the paediatrician, this means considering the necessity of each radiological image ordered. Will the results of the scan make a direct difference to the management of this patient? Are CT images essential? Would a plain X-ray or ultrasound or MRI be possible alternatives? Like many medical tools, CT scans are not risk free. It is the physician's responsibility to ensure that the benefit of the information provided by a CT scan outweighs the risk of the procedure, every time.


Sometimes, new popular concerns drive academic questions; other times, pioneering new work in the academy does so. The Occupy Movement, originating with the Occupy Wall Street demonstrations beginning in September 2011, focused national attention on the widening gap between the "1 percent" and the "99 percent." Two years later, French economist Thomas Piketty published the academic blockbuster Capital in the Twenty-first Century (2013). At first blush, those events in tandem could be assumed to have inspired the books under consideration here. That said, actually reading them reveals a more complicated story: the beginnings of work on at least two of these three books predated those events. What happened subsequently, then, is that the authors have placed their books in the context of current popular and intellectual ferment concerning economic inequality, providing the basis for a dialogue useful for the consideration of the past and the present. However, just as the appearance of these three fine books not long after public and academic concern with economic inequality does not tell the whole story, after reading them I would argue that perhaps the central driving factor of economic inequality remains hiding in plain sight. When two past presidents of the Economic History Association combine to write a book building upon decades of methodological trailblazing, and


Tin selenide (SnSe) thin films were deposited onto indium doped tin oxide coated (ITO) glass substrates by electro deposition technique. The deposition bath contains a solution mixture consisting SnCl2 and Na2SeO3. X-ray diffraction studies revealed orthorhombic structure of SnSe films and various micro structural parameters such as crystallite size, dislocation density and strain were calculated. Optical properties were determined by UV-vis-NIR double beam spectrophotometer and direct transition energy band gap was estimated as 1.1 eV. Morphological studies reveal nano rod shaped grains covering the surface of the film and the results are discussed.


The mathematical model of physical problems interprets physical phenomena closely. This research work is focused on numerical solution of a nonlinear mathematical model of fractional Maxwell nanofluid with the finite difference element method. Addition of nanoparticles in base fluids such as water, sodium alginate, kerosene oil, and engine oil is observed, and velocity profile and heat transfer energy profile of solutions are investigated. The finite difference method involving the discretization of time and distance parameters is applied for numerical results by using the Caputo time fractional operator. These results are plotted against different physical parameters under the effects of magnetic field. These results depicts that a slight decrease occurs for velocity for a high value of Reynolds number, while a small value of

 Re

 provides more dominant effects on velocity and temperature profile. It is observed that fractional parameters

 α
  and
 β

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 An increase in volumetric fraction of nanoparticles in base fluids decreases the temperature profile of fractional Maxwell nanofluids. Using mathematical software of MAPLE, codes are developed and executed to obtain these results.


Pempek Bu Husna Palembang produces pempek kecil and pempek telur besar.
Author analyze how to determine the combination of production for both pempek
with aim to maximize profits in Pempek Bu Husna Palembang. The research
method used is interviews. The data was analyzed by using qualitative method
and quantitative method. Quantitative method using linear programming of the
simplex method and author added assumed ceteris paribus, it's mean that other
things have not changed. Based on the analysis of data obtained using the
simpleks method to achieve the maximum profit in the amount of
Rp 183.813.406,53, Pempek Bu Husna Palembang should produces 143.980,20
pempek kecil and 17.225,16 pempek telur besar, and the conclusions is Pempek
Bu Husna Palembang need to produce pempek telur besar more because of the
produce of pempek kecil is higher than pempek telur besar.
Keyword: combination of production, linear programming, maximum profits,


Thermal oxidation (TO) of shipbuilding details and products is one of the well-known methods of formation of protective coatings on the surface of metals and alloys. Nevertheless, thermal oxidation has several major drawbacks: high energy consumption, labor-intensity and the duration of the process, as well as lack of restoration of the coatings on the details, which already were in operation. One of the most effective alternative methods of application of protective coatings on the surface of the ship fittings and tools made of titanium, magnesium, aluminium and low-carbon steel is plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The scientific field and practical applications areas for this study – are corrosion and wear protection, formation and repair of protective coatings on constructional and functional materials. The main goal of this research was to improve and restore the protective properties of the damaged coatings using PEO. Quality of protective properties of surface layers was evaluated by electrochemical and tribological modern methods.


Blue-emitting () : and 10/() : phosphor particles for application of long-wavelength UV LED were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The luminescence characteristics under long- wave-length ultraviolet of the () : and (Sr,Mg) () : phosphor particles prepared by the spray pyrolysis were compared with that of the commercial product. The PL intensity of the () : particles prepared by the spray pyrolysis was lower than that of the commercial () : particles because prepared () : phosphor particles had porous structure and hollow morphology. However, the PL intensity of the (Sr,Mg)() : phosphor particles prepared by the spray pyrolysis was 8% higher than that of the commercial one. The high brightness of () :Eu phosphor particles prepared by spray pyrolysis is due to the dense structure and high crystallinity of particles. The TEX>$(Sr,Mg)) /: phosphor particles had main emission peak t 448 nm under long- wavelength ultraviolet.


Classification is one of the fundamental tasks in data mining and has also been studied extensively in statistics, machine learning, neural networks and expert systems over decades. Naive Bayes, k-nearest, and decision tree are the most commonly known classification algorithms ever used in different researches. In this study, the performance evaluation of eager (naive Bayes, ADTree) and lazy (IBk, KStar) classification algorithms are experimented. Our findings show that based on the evaluation metrics precision, recall, F-measure and accuracy, eager learners are slow in training but faster at classi- fication than lazy classification algorithms because they constructs a generalization model before receiving any new tuples to classify. Moreover, based on our investigation eager learners outperform the lazy learners in their accuracy.


We have seen successes of Japanese horses running in overseas races. Behind their�success, there were some factors to support the industry, such as Japanese economic scale, technological development, cultural mix.�I will�examine whether it can remain competitive in the future. Internationalization would be the key factor.


The system of equations for turbulent barotropic flows is composed of the mass conservation law, the equation of average momentum and the equation for the Reynolds stress tensor evolution. The momentum evolution equation consists of a non-dissipative part and source terms. In the limit of conservative motions, we neglect the source terms. This non-dissipative model of turbulence admits a variational formulation where the Reynolds stress tensor evolution is considered as a non-holonomic constraint.


This text gives an A to Z coverage of all AutoCAD LT for Windows commands and features up to and past Release 2.0, including undocumented commands. Keyboard shortcuts are included inside each cover for quick reference. Over 300 tips, tricks, and notes, plus many "Quick Start" tutorials are provided. Complete coverage of toolbar programming, menu programming, diesel programming, system variables, aliases and icons, and commands from AutoCAD that are not found in AutoCAD LT. A topical index for easy access to the right commands is also featured.


(57) Abstract: Image Capture panel includes a substrate on which a plurality of radiation detectors (10) is provided (12), and a plurality of conductors respectively connected to the radiation detectors (53), all the substrate including the multiple connected amplifiers to the detector (52), the field electrode having the placed peripheral edge on the radiation detector and the conductor (38). Shield electrodes (56) may be surrounding the field electrode peripheral edge, or the field electrode may be completely covered with a dielectric layer between. The shielding electrode, instead of surrounding each amplifier may be completely covered. The shield electrode, the resistance (64) may be biased to the ground (62) via a may be configured further conductive coating, for example silver paint.


With the increasing penetration of wind power, the capability of the power system to maintain frequency stability decreases. Therefore, frequency support for grid from wind turbine generators (WTGs) are required. WTGs usually operate without reserve power and can only provide short-term frequency support by utilizing the rotational kinetic energy. While, the deloaded WTG has a certain power reserve, which can be utilized during frequency control. This paper presents a fast frequency control strategy for the deloaded WTG, which not only imitates the primary frequency regulation characteristic of synchronous generators, but also utilizes the fast power adjustment capability of WTGs to increase the output power a lot at the early stage to reduce the rate of change of frequency. The frequency controller parameters and deload level of WTG are also carefully designed. The simulation results demonstrate that the control method can significantly enhance the system frequency control effect.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of high-involvement human resource management (HRM) practices on innovation capabilities via the mediating role of knowledge sharing (KS) behaviors. This paper also investigates the potential moderating role of market turbulence in fostering the influence of KS behaviors on two forms of innovation capability, namely exploitative and exploratory innovation.Design/methodology/approachAnalysis of moment structures and structural equation modeling are applied to examine the correlation among the latent constructs based on the survey data collected from 125 manufacturing and service firms.FindingsThe findings of this study support the mediating role of KS behaviors in the relationship between high-involvement HRM practices and aspects of innovation capability. It highlights the important role of market turbulence in strengthening the influence of KS on exploitative and exploratory innovation.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should investigate the impact of high-involvement HRM practices on innovation capability under the moderating effects of organizational variables, such as perceived organizational support, to bring better understanding on a new mechanism to pursuit innovation.Originality/valueThe paper significantly contributes to increasing knowledge and insights into the correlation between high-involvement HRM practices and specific forms of innovation. The understanding on the mediating role of KS behaviors and the moderating role of market turbulence contribute to advancing the body of knowledge of HRM and innovation theory.


AbstractThis paper attempts to analyse the conditions at present considered necessary for the correct determination of exposure for monochrome and reversal colour film, as made by exposure meters and the exposure control devices of automatic cameras. It takes into consideration the factors on which calibration of films, exposure meters and automatic cameras is based, and gives the presently accepted values for various photographic constants, for both the arithmetic and logarithmic methods of specification of film speed.


Hypothesis / aims of study Micturition is primarily functions of the autonomic nervous system mediated by the spinobulbospinal reflex pathway passing through a coordination center located in the rostral brainstem, and this reflex pathway is modulated by the upper center in the cerebral cortex (cerebral micturition center). It has been reported that medial frontal robe (MFL) neurons excited by glutamate inhibited the micturition reflex via activation of the rostral pontine reticular formation (RPRF) which promotes the inhibitory glycine neurons in the spinal cord (1). On the other hand, injection of noradrenalin into the MFL shortened the interval between bladder contractions in rats, and we thought that this model may be used as a nervous urinary frequency. In this study, therefore, we investigated the mechanism of urinary frequency caused by noradrenalin injection into the MFL in rats.


The utility model discloses a baffled heat exchanger, which comprises a shell and a heat exchange tube, wherein tube pass fluid flows in the heat exchange tube, the shell is provided with a tube pass inlet and a tube pass outlet which are communicated with the heat exchange tube, and the tube pass inlet and the tube pass outlet are arranged at the same end of the shell. When the cooling and crystallization reactions are carried out by the baffled heat exchanger, the tube pass fluid is coolant. Because the flowing distance of the tube pass fluid in the heat exchanger is increased, the one-time period of the tube pass fluid flowing into the heat exchange tube and flowing out of the heat exchange tube is long, the temperature difference of the inside and the outside of the tube pass is small, and the problem of discard of the heat exchange tube caused by blockage because of the crystallization and precipitation of the tube pass fluid in the flowing pass is avoided.


Objective To prepare compound amoxicillin capsules and investigate the method of quality control.Methods Wet granulation was used to prepare the compound amoxicillin capsules and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to determine the content and dissolution.Results The calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 80-320 μg·mL-1 for amoxicillin and 4.8-19.2 μg·mL-1 for ambroxol.Their average recovery rates were 96.72% and 104.17%;RSDs were 1.84% and 0.57%,respectively.The content and dissolution of samples of three batches were all above 90% and 80%.Conclusion The content and dissolution of the compound amoxicillin capsules are both consistent with the Standard of Pharmacopoeia of China.This HPLC method is accurate,simple and effective for separation,and can be used for quality control of the compound capsules.


Seventy years ago, a revolutionary idea to change the landscape of a fragile multilateral scene was introduced. Establishing the United Nations was the necessary response for a world recovering from the devastation of two world wars. The idea was simple, yet very bold; a global body to promote the principles of "faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person… and to promote social progress and better standards of life". Looking at the world today, we see that the United Nations has done justice to most of its responsibilities in upholding these principles. However, much work remains, particularly in regard to the inclusion of the world's youth in development and decision-making processes.


Model problems with simplified geometry and kinematics has a great value for developing theories of mechanical behavior of materials. Analytical solutions of such problems allow one to perform qualitative analysis of investigated process and to verify numerical solutions. Anti-plane deformation problem is one of the simplest model problems. This problem was solved for linear elastic medium, nonlinear elastic medium and elastoplastic medium. One should mention the set of papers [1–5] published by V.D.Bondar in which anti-plane deformation problem is solved in the frameworks of finite strain elasticity and elastoplasticity. In this paper anti-plane deformation problem is solved in the context of theory of large elastoplastic deformations. This theory is based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics formalism. It assumes that irreversible and reversible deformations are defined by differential transport equations. We consider flow of incompressible medium within cylindrical tube due to pressure gradient. No-slip boundary condition is set on the walls of the tube. The points of the medium are restricted to move only along lines parallel to the element of the cylinder. We suppose that medium deforms both reversibly and irreversibly. In addition, irreversible deformation accumulation is due to creeping of medium. Present work is the continuation of the research [6, 7] in which similar problem statement was used. The main distinction of works [6,7] is that irreversible deformation of medium is due to plastic flow.


Curriculum changes are common in educational institutions, including in polytechnics. This change in curriculum certainly has an impact on changes in the order of courses, syllabus preparation, learning models, and others. One of the affected subjects is the practicum refinement process. This study to see design experiment on dual system class and regular class specially to See the understanding of the concept of practicum of refinement processes. The subjects study were 36 students (18 regular class students and 18 dual system class students) textile program of chemistry major in one of the polytechnics in Bandung. Instruments used in the form of observation, questionnaires, interviews, and test. From the statistical calculations it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the experimental activities and students' understanding of concepts and there are significant differences in understanding of concepts between the regular class and the dual system class after the application of the experimental design is carried out.


A concise pathway to synthesize a novel class of nine different pyrido(2,3- d )pyrimidine- C - b - D -glycosides is reported. Formation of Michael adduct as an intermediate followed by heterocyclization are the key steps and the products were characterized by different spectral studies. b -Anomeric forms of C-glycosides were assigned from 1 H NMR spectroscopy. -glucopyranosyl)propan-2-one (1 g) with m ) in the presence of organo-catalyst such as pyr-rolidine DCM a solvent afforded the compound,


Tuberculosis is endemic in our part of the world and may have uncommon presentations like pancreatic involvement. A young male presented to the OPD with recent history of pain in epigastric region and was subsequently diagnosed with a multi-loculated cystic neoplasm in pancreatic head region on ultrasonography and CT scan. The pancreatic origin was confirmed on surgery while the histopathological study revealed tuberculous nature. This case report highlights the importance of considering tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis in pancreatic masses, especially, with atypical appearances, in young patients or with background predisposing to TB and the need for histological diagnosis.


Herein, we describe the effect of organic solvents on ozone solubility and the rate of ozonolysis reactions using rapid injection NMR spectroscopy. The tabulated solubility and kinetic data allowed for the design of a homogeneous ozonolysis flow reactor capable of delivering precise quantities of dissolved ozone to various olefin substrates.


10504Background: Female survivors of childhood cancers are at increased risk for NSPM, cessation of menses prior to age 40 not secondary to resection of reproductive organs. Our aims were to assess prevalence of and risk factors for NSPM and to examine the implications of NSPM on reproductive outcomes. Methods: Participants included 2930 female survivors diagnosed between 1970 and 1986 and enrolled in the original CCSS cohort (median age at diagnosis 6 years, range 0-20; median age at follow-up 34 years; range 18-59) who were older than age 18 at last follow-up without prior acute ovarian failure. They were compared to 1399 siblings (median age 38 years, range 19-63). Among survivors, multivariable logistic regression identified risk factors for NSPM. Pregnancy and live birth rates were compared between survivors with and without NSPM. Results: 110 survivors developed NSPM [median age 32, range 16-40, prevalence of 9.1 % at age 40 (95% CI 4.9-17.2), relative risk 10.5 (95% CI 4.2-26.3) compared to sibling...


Product market advertising, by acting as a costly signal of quality, is thought to increase the demand for a company's stock as well as its products. I construct a dataset of publicly traded sports sponsors in the US and develop an instrument for investor exposure to advertising via these sponsorships. I show that investors living in a city where major professional sports teams are sponsored by a given company, local or non-local, are more likely to purchase stocks in that company. The portfolio effects from sports sponsorships are large and suggest that advertising is even more important than local bias.


Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms have been extensively used in the reconstruction of the human evolutionary history owing to its maternal inheritance, lack of recombination, and high mutation rate relative to nuclear DNA. In the Americas, the primary goals of the mitochondrial DNA analysis have been to determine the origins, relationships and migrational patterns of New World populations. In this respect, the study of the frequency distribution of the four founding Amerindian haplogroups defined by Torroni et al. (1992), has proven useful. Each haplogroups can be characterized by a specific mtDNA marker: an Hae III restriction site gain at np. 663 for haplogroup A, the 9 bp. deletion in the COII/tRNAlys region for haplogroup B, a Hinc II restriction site loss at np. 13259 for haplogroup C and an Alu I restriction site loss at np. 5176 for haplogroup D. In order to expand the genetic data related to the peopling of South America, we studied mtDNA polymorphisms in five skeletal remains from the Azapa valley (AZ-71 site) dated 3000 to 2000 years BP, and compared them with the extant population of San Pedro de Atacama in northern Chile. The mtDNA of contemporary individuals was extracted by standard procedures (Lahiri DK et al. 1988). Ancient mtDNA was extracted from bone remains following an adapted protocol from Hoss & Paabo (1993). First, to destroy possible contaminant DNA on the surface of remain, bone fragments were exposed to UV irradiation. The samples were crushed and then powdered in a refrigerated mill. The powdered samples were incubated in 8 ml of 0.5 M EDTA solution for decalcification for 24 hours, and collected by centrifugation. The precipitate was suspended in 5 ml of lysis buffer (5.5 M guanidinium thiocyanate, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH: 6.4, 20 mM EDTA and 1.3 % Triton X100) and incubated at 60oC for several hours, with sporadic shaker. After centrifugation, the supernatant was removed to another tube and mixed with equal volume of lysis buffer. A 40 ml aliquot of silica suspension was added, and the mixture was incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature. After centrifugation the silica pellet was washed successively with washing buffer, 70% ethanol and acetone. Finally the pellet was dried, and the ancient DNA was eluted at 56oC in 100 ml TE buffer. The extant population of San Pedro de Atacama shows the four Amerindian haplotypes, analyzed by Amp-RFLP, with the following distribution: haplogroup A, 8.3%; haplogroup B, 62.5%; haplogroup C, 25% and haplogroup D, 4.2%. This distribution is very similar to the one described previously for Aymara populations from the North of Chile, and is in consistent with findings in other Andean high altitude populations. We identified, furthermore the sequence of the mtDNA hypervariable region I (position 16081 to 16409) for 23 individuals. Results revealed consistent changes described for these haplogroups.


Activated carbon has a wide variety of applications in the chemical process industries (CPI), one of which is water and wastewater treatment. Activated carbon is especially effective at removing soluble organic compounds (SOCs) from both surface and groundwater sources. This article focuses on the use of granular activated carbon to remove specific compounds from water sources. It provides a methodology to evaluate adsorption, establish a process design, develop a system design, and estimate preliminary capital and operating costs.


The target compound was synthesized. The crystal structure of C23 H15 F6N3O4, Mr =511. 38, was determined by X-ray diffraction method. The crystal belongs to monoclinic systemwith space group P21/c, a=6. 732(2), b= 15. 751 (4), c= 20. 420(8) A, β= 96. 54(3)°, V=2151. 6 A3, Z = 4, Dc = 1. 579g/cm3, μ (MoKa) = 1. 360cm-1, F (000) = 1040. The molecule contains A、B、C、D four rings. The D、C benzene ring connect symmetrically two trifluoromethyl group, Central A ring is an aza, oxa pentadeca heterocyclic crown. The whole molecule is approximatly in a plane.


CRITICS HAVE OFTEN SUGGESTED that Hobbes is a paradigm case of a philosopher whose own style of writing violates the norms he sets down for rational discourse. Philosophy, he says, "professedly rejects not only the paint and false colors of language, but even the very ornaments and graces of the same." More specifically he says that metaphors must be "utterly excluded" from "the rigorous search of t r u t h . . , seeing they openly professe deceit, to admit them into counsel, or reasoning, were manifested folly. '" Nevertheless, attention focuses on his flair for the dramatic or metaphorical, as in the great raise en scene that is the state of nature or in the overriding metaphor in which the state is regarded as an artificial man. Now while I agree that Hobbes is a crucial case in determining the interplay of philosophical themes and literary modes (and I approach this distinction with some caution), I want to attend to some rather different aspects of his philosophical writing. In doing so, I will limit myself to his acknowledged masterpiece, the Leviathan, which is the mature fruit not only of his thought on ethics and politics but also of his reflections on the problematics of philosophical communication. Hobbes concludes the Leviathan by arguing that common opinion is superficial in its assumptions that neither reason and eloquence nor courage and timorousness can exist in the same man. This choice of apparent opposites is significant and extends beyond Hobbes's reference to Sidney Godolphin, who remarkably combined these and other qualities. That Hobbes does make this reference to an individual reveals his interest in the application of his theories; but the most important case of the combination of courage and fear is in the idea of the state projected in his book, and the best example of the combination of reason and eloquence is in that book itself. Courage has a place in warfare between states or in the defense of the commonwealth against rebels; fear of the laws will be the proper attitude of the citizen in the normal condition of the commonwealth. Leo Strauss has pointed out Hobbes's decisive turn away from the Greeks in basing morality upon the fear of death. What I am interested in, however, is the conjunction of reason and eloquence, which is no less decisive for Hobbes's own philoso-


This paper introduces a new e-learning system that works with a Brain-Computer Interface to customize the educational experience, according to user's reactions and preferences.


The corrosion behavior of Cu-10Ni alloy exposed to 3 wt% NaCl solution was studied via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise measurement techniques. It was revealed that the charge transfer step, as well as the diffusion through the surface oxide, controls the corrosion. The DC drift (trend) of the electrochemical noise data was removed using discrete wavelet transform. The results obtained through frequency-domain analysis of the data were in good agreement with the EIS results. Graphical abstract


Steel frame structures have been widely used in multi-storey and high-rise buildings and the connections in these structures are critical. In the Northridge and Kobe Earthquake, beam-column connections suffered damage due to brittle fracture. According to seismic design codes, ductility of the beam to column connection is also necessary. A study on the behavior of a beam to column connection with the aim of improving ductility as well as preventing brittle failure was carried out. In order to control the position of a plastic hinge on the beam, a connection with a hole in the beam web was developed. Five specimens with different parameters under cyclic load were assessed. The results are presented in terms of the stress distribution of the beam, hysteretic behavior, and ultimate capacity. Furthermore, the finite element method was also used to analyze the model, and the results were compared with those obtained from the experiment. It is shown from the analysis and experimental results that this type of connection is effective in terms of improving ductility for a beam to column connection in low-rise buildings.


Father Rardon has gathered useful documents, creeds, confessions of faith, declarations, platforms of the churches of Reformation origin and of the churches of American origin. The anthology, of course, is not complete and is not meant to be. But it gives good and representative samples of doctrines held by many diverse Protestant churches based or born in the U. S. A. The choice is very ecumenical. It goes from classical texts, like the Augsburg Confession and the Thirty-Nine Articles, to Adventism, Ethical Culture, and New Thought, recording in passing a quaint letter of Thomas Jefferson against the Calvinist "deliria of crazy imagination," defending Unitarian Principles and sound moral principles which are rather puritanical. He writes to Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse: "I have received and read with thankfulness and pleasure your denunciation of the abuses of tobacco and wine. Yet, however sound in its principles, I expect it will be but a sermon to the wind." Perceptive politician! According to one's taste, one will prefer more classical texts or, on the contrary, some coverage of the non-established underground churches. Though the sampling is really quite wide, it is a useful book of reference with two indexes confessional and analytic. It is also exclusively a book of reference. The historical introductions to confessions or documents are very short indeed and I would have liked them a little more substantial.


In this issue of Practical Neurology , Cameron et al , review in detail the confirmation of brainstem death process in the UK. The diagnosis of non-cardiorespiratory death is defined as irreversible cessation of all brainstem function, and, with certain caveats as described in the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges1; this is considered to be death. The assessment is based on: (1) the identification of a cause for irreversible brainstem function loss, (2) exclusion of potential confounders, (3) testing of brainstem reflexes as a proxy for residual brainstem function and (4) completion of the apnoea test. In cases where there is any doubt about the diagnosis or parts of the evaluation cannot be completed, ancillary tests are also performed.

In the USA, the definition is that the entire brain function should have irreversibly ceased rather than just that of the brainstem. In most states, brain death is determined according to 'accepted medical standards', which …


PurposeThis paper aims at studying the level of implementation of ISO 9001 in Jordanian consulting engineering firms and to what extent does the implementation effectiveness affect the success of the construction projects. Moreover, the paper seeks to identify the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) that directly influence the ISO 9001 effectiveness in Jordanian consulting engineering firms.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was constructed and distributed to a sample of 125 employees from six ISO 9001-consulting firms. After collecting the data, exploratory factor analysis was utilized to validate the latent constructs (CSFs, ISO 9001 Effectiveness, and Firm Performance).FindingsThe findings suggest that firms experience a high level of ISO 9001 effectiveness. Moreover, among the five identified CSFs; employee attributes, external environmental pressure and quality system attribute had a significant impact on the ISO 9001 effectiveness, while internal motivation and firm attributes were insignificant.Originality/valueThe significance of this study lies in exploring such topic in the developing countries, since most of current studies were focused on developed contexts such as the USA and UK. Therefore, this research acts as a response to calls in the current literature regarding considering different industries and contexts.


The outbreak of a disease can lead to behavioral changes in the healthy to avert infection. We first establish a nonlinear SEIR epidemic model that incorporates the impact of individuals' behavioral response owe to information of the disease prevalence. Both the existence of equilibria and sharp sufficient conditions on stable equilibria are verified. Whereafter, the local and global sensitivity analyses are carried out to assess the relative effects of parameters on the basic reproduction number. Therewith the optimal control problem is considered to provide a theoretical basis for disease prevention and control, and the existence and uniqueness consequences for optimal control paths are demonstrated. Some numerical examples and discussions are given to support and visualize our analytical results, which can be derived that the combined use of three control measures is more effective than any single adopted control strategy to curb the spread of diseases. We also find that the information plays a crucial role in controlling infection.


Layer ballistic protection (1) containing at least one ceramic material, characterized in that the side - facing the trigger source - layer ballistic protection (1) containing at least one ceramic material having a closed surface (2) and the side - remote from the trigger source - layer ballistic protection (1) containing a ceramic material has a segmented surface (3) which is composed of individual segments (5) bounded by slits (4, 4 '') , the depth (T) of the slits (4, 4 ') between the segments (5) at least 0, 15 mm smaller than the thickness (D) of the layer (1).


Although the incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is high, mortality is quite low. In low and intermediate risk DTCs, reoperations due to inadequate treatment can increase morbidity, mortality, and costs in patients. In our study, current articles published on this subject were reviewed and evaluated. According to our results, morbidity, mortality and costs increase due to inadequate treatment in DTCs. Therefore, even in low and intermediate risk DTC cases, adequate surgeries such as total or near total thyroidectomy should be performed by high volume endocrine surgeons and moderate TSH suppression should be applied in all cases.


This research paper is analyzing the impact of implementing Just-In-Time (JIT) strategy on the manufacturing performance and production of any organization. Especially when the JIT is not applied alone, but with the interference of Lean production perspective. Hence a big competitive adv antage is created to insure better flexibility, delivery, quality and cost in the long run production .


This study aims to: 1) find out and analyze the effect of professionalism and work discipline on organizational commitment, 2) find out and analyze the effect of professionalism and work discipline on personnel performance, 3) find out and analyze the effect of organizational commitment on personnel performance, 4) find out and analyze the effect of professionalism and work discipline on personnel performance through organizational commitment. The research was conducted on the TNI Headquarters Personnel Staff, with a research sample of 57 respondents. The sampling technique used is a simple random sampling technique. The data analysis method used descriptive analysis and path analysis.
The results showed that: 1) there was an influence of professionalism and work discipline on organizational commitment, 2) there was an influence of professionalism and work discipline on personnel performance, 3) there was an influence of organizational commitment on personnel performance, 4) there was an influence of professionalism and work discipline on performance. personnel through organizational commitment. The organizational commitment variable can provide an increase in professionalism and work discipline to increase personnel performance


An efficient route to 1-formyl-1,2-dihydroquinolines 6 is described based on the BF3-catalyzed cyclization of o-(1-hydroxy-2-alkenyl)phenyl isocyanides 4, which can be prepared feasibly by the reaction of N-(o-acylphenyl)formamides 1 with alkenylmagnesium bromides 2 followed by treatment of the resulting hydroxy formamides 3 with phosphorous oxychloride.


Abstract
The purpose of writing the results of this study is to describe the results of yoga training activities in pasraman sisya and practising skills to strengthen the understanding of the essence of Hindu educational values. This research is qualitative with a case study approach to community service activities. The data collection techniques use participants' observation models, interviews and documentation studies, which are analyzed using data triangulate techniques. Based on the results of the data analysis, it was found that sisya was very enthusiastic about studying yoga movements given by the trainers. Besides that, in the process and concept, yoga teachings contain character values.  One of them is the religious character and discipline reflected in the moral teachings of the rich tri parisudha, the concept of parhyangan, the teachings of panca Yama brata and panca nyama brata. Community service activities with yoga training and writing the results of this research are expected to provide benefits in the form of resource development of Hindus who have character and can be a reference library for relevant activities in the future.
Keywords: Hinduism, Character, Pasraman, Yoga


Fragile X Syndrome is an X-linked recessive mutation in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene that results in CGG trinucleotide repeats in the 5' untranslated arm of the FMR1 gene resulting in methylation that silences and/or reduces gene expression. The condition that manifests along a spectrum of symptoms depending on the number of repeats, where a premutation (defined as 55 to 200 CGG repeats) presents with less severe symptoms compared to a full mutation (>200 repeats). The full mutation tends to be more male predominant (85%), while the premutation tends to affect females more who are carrier of this condition [1]. The premutation condition is divided into two subtypesFragile X-associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI) and Fragile X-associated Tremor/ Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) [2]. Although both conditions manifest with psychiatric conditions, they possess unique features on presentation where FXPOI occurs in 20% of female carriers and presents with menopause before the age of 40, while FXTAS occurs in 16% of females and presents with neurological symptoms, including intention tremors, ataxic gait, autonomic dysfunction, neuropathy, and Parkinsonism [3]. Although the psychiatric disorders common to both conditions tend to be depression and/or anxiety, they can also include psychosis and memory and executive function deficits in more advanced cases [4]. Studies have shown that in FXTAS the psychiatric symptoms manifest before the neurological conditions [5]. Studies have also noted an association between the cognitive decline in carriers of this mutation and increased substance abuse that patients fail to acknowledge as abnormal [6,7]. Due to the dearth of Fragile X carrier cases in the literature, there are few observed cases that can document the extent of this condition. Herein, we present a case of female adult carrier who has uniquely displayed the spectrum of systemic manifestations since menarche.


Im (ω ) Disp. Equation Quasi. Approx. j = 0.0 The investigation of ionization instabilities in weakly ionized dusty plasmas using multifluid formulations is a subject current interest [1, 2, 4]. Small carbon particles in fusion devices have been also detected at the edge of tokamaks by Thomson scattering where additionally high energy electrons are present [3]. In dust free plasmas the injection of a suprathermal electron current density Jeb = −eΓeb(Eb) with energy over the ionization threshold EI < Eb of the neutral gas may unstabilize the equilibrium state. The charge production by thermal νIneo electron population and by energized electrons Go = νIneo+naσebΓeb is balanced by loss rate Ro = νLnio [5].


origin of an institution" (282). Thus, the Petrine ministry would be ex institutione divina, but its historical realization in papal primacy becomes ordinatione divina. Such terminology allows the new ecumenical convergence to be seen more clearly and leaves behind terminology heavily ladened with polemical overtones. Fourth, and finally, the exposition, though dealing with highly technical theological matters, is admirably clear throughout. It would be worthwhile for the author to attempt a shorter and more popular version precisely to close the gap that exists between the work of ecumenical theologians and the understanding of many pastors and laity.


The Same Day Emergency Care Older Person's Unit (SDEC OPU) provides urgent holistic care, complementing acute and community services to deliver comprehensive geriatric assessment. In October 2022, we introduced a new clinical coordinator role with the aim of improving patient flow. Prior to this role existing, one clinician per day was assigned to take referrals alongside reviewing their own patients, without having an overview of the processes and outcomes of the day. The new clinical coordinator role included taking referrals, vetting patients in A&E, assigning tasks to clinicians, leading regular 'huddles,' reviewing results, preparing notes and discharge letters, and requesting specialty referrals. The role was introduced to reduce the waiting time of patients within the unit and to reduce waste through the Leeds Improvement Method.

 Data was analysed from a 13-week period both before and after the role was implemented, with the main focus being patient length of stay. 454 patients from before the clinical coordinator role was introduced, and 360 patients following its introduction were included.

 Mean length of stay was calculated at 5hr 11minutes before the role introduction and 4hr 45minutes afterwards. This reduction in length of stay (LOS) was statistically significant (p=0.015), with a 95% confidence interval where LOS was reduced between 8 and 43 minutes (p=0.0029). The percentage of patients discharged within 4 hours of arrival was 30.4% before the implementation and 36.7% after it. This was not statistically significant (p=0.0593). The percentage of patients discharged over 7 hours after arrival was 19.8% before the implementation and 13.3% after it. This was statistically significant (p=0.0143).

 The introduction of a bespoke clinical coordinator role within SDEC OPU significantly reduced patients' LOS; it has also provided leadership to the team, improved efficiency, and patient experience through the unit.


textabstractExplores whether eclectic theory leads to better predictions about internal control systems in corporations than does principal-agency theory. Ability of eclectic theory to explain various puzzles for principal-agent theory; Test of hypotheses on the use and effects of monitoring in hierarchies; Study of whether top managers work harder when they are monitored.


This paper looks at changes in income, earnings and mortgage debt across Canada between 1976-2010. It looks at how changes in income, wealth and mortgage debt have affected groups of 'younger Canadians' and compares that group to 'older Canadians'. Further looking at housing inequality during the period, it uses 238,608 observations across two Canadian national household surveys to provide an estimate for a derived Gini measure of 'housing affordability'. Using this measure it finds rising inequality in both net income and 'housing affordability'.


The neutron field of various irradiation positions of the TRIGA Mark II reactor of the Jožef Stefan Institute (JSI) has been thoroughly characterized by neutron activation dosimetry and miniature fission chambers techniques. In order to have a fully validated calculation scheme to analyze and plan experiments, the gamma field also has to be experimentally validated. The 10-year long collaboration between CEA and JSI is a perfect framework to carry out such a study, and measurements of the gamma field started in late 2016. Several measurement techniques were investigated in in-core and ex-core positions. Online measurements were carried out using miniature ionization chambers (ICs) manufactured by the CEA and PTW Farmer. Positional dependence was studied, showing a decrease in the delayed gamma contribution to the total gamma flux with increasing distance from the reactor core center. To characterize the gamma dose in the core, as well as in the periphery, thermoluminescent and optically stimulated luminescent detectors (TLDs and OSLDs, respectively) were tested. These detectors are commonly used at CEA to measure the gamma dose in a given material, in order to study the nuclear heating in various core elements (control rod, baffle, structural material). Different filters were used in order to assess an integrated dose ranging from a few Gy up to several kGy. The comparisons of experimental results against calculations performed with the JSIR2S code package show a very good agreement. The feasibility of such measurements demonstrates the complementarity between measurements with dosimetry and ICs from low to very high gamma-dose environment, such as in material testing reactors.


Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used widely as a selective electron collector owing to its superior characteristics of high electron mobility and low temperature processability, especially in a perovskite solar cell (PSC). However, the obtainment of a large photocurrent density within ZnO based PSC is still a great task due to its high electron–hole recombination. Herein, we demonstrated an enhancement in the efficiency of PSC using high quality gold (Au) decorated ZnO nanorods in the absence of hole transporting material (HTM). The integration of Au nanoparticles into the photoanode increased the efficiency of light harvesting as well as electron–hole separation, reduced the electron–hole recombination rate significantly, and accelerated the carrier charge transfer. This study yields a promising outlook for high photocurrent density generation by the sole virtue of plasmonic integration into fabricated photoanode to significantly improve the conversion efficiency of PSC.


Based on the questionnaire data of migrant workers in Haixi Economic Area,descriptive and statistical analyses are conducted as to the factors that affects the income of migrant workers.Findings show that the financial crisis in 2009 did not reduce the working time,but increased the working time of migrant workers.Then positive analysis on the basis of the hourly earnings of migrant workers in Haixi Economic Area is made with OLS regression,the results show that the hourly earnings of migrant workers are positive correlation with sex,age,education level,work experience and the band of professional qualifications,On the other hand,it negatively correlats with the age squared and residence.The quantile regression analysis shows that the result is basically the same with the OLS regression,but there is difference between the high quantile and the low quantile.


Four types of coated films (DFT: 300um), that is pure zinc, pure aluminum, and two Al-Zn alloy (Al:Zn=85:15 and Al:Zn=95:5), were coated onto carbon steel (SS401) with arc spraying, and the corrosion behavior of their samples were evaluated by the electrochemical method in this study. The pure aluminum sample had the high corrosion resistance when exposed to seawater solution and pure zinc and alloy (Al:Zn=95:5) samples followed the pure aluminum sample. The other alloy (Al:Zn=85:15), the so-called galvalume that was coated onto the carbon steel, ranked 4th in corrosion resistance in this study. The results of the porosity ratio of those samples are well matched with the electrochemical data


The main focus of this paper is to present an effective numerical method for solving two-dimensional Fredholm integral equations, which appear in many phenomena in physics and engineering. For this purpose, a new set of two-dimensional wavelets is constructed by Legendre polynomials. The properties of the novelty wavelets are studied. The suggested method reduces a two-dimensional Fredholm integral equation to an algebraic equations system. Furthermore, to illustrate uniform convergence and accuracy of these wavelets, some theorems are proved. The method is applied on some examples to confirm its accuracy and computational efficiency.


INFO ARTIKEL ABSTRACT Diterima 5 April 2021 Direvisi 10 April 2021 Disetujui 15 April 2021 Islam has a very good civilization in terms of economy and ownership and knowledge and do not forget power and so on. This does not rule out the possibility that Islam was once very fast and globalized. But in the last few years or decades Islam has become the biggest religion and audience. Because many future generations of Islam are neglected by the comfort of comfort. Therefore, the understanding of discipline is wanted to change the set of Muslims that in the past our ancestors were strong and tough people who controlled almost the entire earth. There is no kingdom or religion whatsoever like this. The implementation of Islamic religious education subjects as the basis for creating student discipline at SMA Al-Furqon Driyorejo Gresik is a very important foundation in the development of santri civilization.The method in this research is qualitative method. The purpose of the implementation of Islamic religious education on the basis of the dream of students at Al-Furqon High School can be in a favorite college with a scholarship with religious insight.


A natural laboratory like no other, the small country is renowned for its Earth science and agricultural research. It has a multi-cultural environment and is proud of its collaborativeness.


The rheology of the cationic guar (CG) solution was measured and the effects of potassium oleate (KOA) upon the rheological properties of CG solution were studied. The steady shear viscosity measurement has shown that the viscosity of CG solution increased dramatically in the presence of KOA. The viscosity enhancement of KOA upon CG solution can be approximate three orders in magnitude. The gel-like formation of CG solution is observed at the high concentration of KOA. The excess addition of KOA results in the phase separation of CG solution. The oscillatory rheological measurement has shown that the crossover modulus Gc (corresponding to either storage modulus G′ or loss modulus G″ at the frequency ωc where G′ equals G″) for CG solution, decreases with the increasing the concentration of KOA in solution. On the other hand, the apparent relaxation time τapp (=1/ωc) increases with increasing the concentration of KOA in solution. Our experimental results suggest that for surfactant such as KOA which has a s...


Consequences of a generalization of the theory of superconductivity that yields a finite Knight shift are presented. In this theory, by introducing an electron-electron interaction that is not spatially invariant, the pairing of electrons with varying total momentum is made possible. An expression for Xs (the spin susceptibility in the superconducting state) is derived. In general Xs is smaller than Xn, but is not necessarily zero. The precise magnitude of Xs will vary from sample to sample and will depend on the nonuniformity of the samples. There should be no marked size dependence and no marked dependence on the strength of the magnetic field; this is in accord with observation. The basic superconducting properties are retained, but there are modifications in the various electromagnetic and thermal properties since the electrons paired are not time sequences of this generalized theory on flux quantization arguments are presented. (auth)


T he concept of retinal vital staining is not new. There has however been renewed interest in the subject since indocyanine green (ICG) was introduced as a vital stain to highlight the internal limiting membrane (ILM) during macular surgery. ICG's well known role in cardiac and choroidal angiography exploits its properties as a fluorophore, but its role as a macular vital stain relies on its properties as a chromophore or biological stain. Biological stains such as ICG have specific atomic groupings that impart colour (C=S, C=N, N=N, N=O, and NO2). ICG is therefore able to stain the thin, optically clear ILM, assisting maculorhexis in much the same way that trypan blue assists capsulorhexis. ICG has more recently been used to help remove epiretinal membranes. Initial reports were favourable. Subsequently, some of the most prominent exponents of ICG reported possible toxicity, and enthusiasm waned. More recently there have again been papers showing a favourable outcome, 10 and the debate continues. The article by Hillenkamp et al in this issue of the BJO (p 437) supports the continued use of ICG, but it should not be read in isolation. This editorial presents the case for and against ICG macular vital staining, considering the clinical and experimental evidence in turn. Hillenkamp's study suggests that ICG vital staining is both safe and effective. It reports a retrospective analysis of two consecutive series of patients undergoing removal of epiretinal membranes, with and without the aid of ICG. The strength of this study lies in its detailed analysis of visual function. Outcome measures included subjective improvement, Amsler grid, corrected visual acuity (VA), slit lamp biomicroscopy, 10 and 30 degree automated perimetry, Goldmann kinetic perimetry, and optical coherence tomography. The results of surgery with and without ICG were broadly similar, except that the ICG group had significantly fewer residual or recurrent epiretinal membranes. As noted by the authors, this may be because of longer follow up in the ''no ICG'' group, but it is distinctly possible that ICG enhanced membrane removal. Importantly, this study suggests that visual outcome was not compromised by ICG. This finding agrees with several reports showing good outcome following macular hole surgery with ICG assisted ILM removal. The clinical argument in support of ICG rests not only on reports of good outcome, but also on the deficiencies of the patient studies showing toxicity. Many employed staining routines that are not now thought to be ideal. Some used contact times of several minutes, and solutions of up to 5 mg/ml (0.5%), yet approximately 1 mg/ml produces adequate staining, and many surgeons now use exposure times of 30 seconds or less. In addition, many investigators dissolved ICG in 0.5 ml of distilled water, before mixing with 4.5 ml of a balanced saline solution (BSS). This produces a 275 mOsm solution that is hypo-osmotic relative to agents such as BSS (302 mOsm). It has been suggested that ICG toxicity is caused, or at least aggravated, by low osmolarity. The experimental reports of ICG toxicity are also imperfect. One of the most influential studies exposed human cadaveric eyes to ICG and illumination with a surgical endolight. The selected histological images were dramatic, with profound disruption of cellular architecture. This is not consistent with clinical observations, as reports of ICG toxicity generally show only mild to moderate deficits. Other authors were not able to repeat these observations in freshly enucleated pig eyes. Further, the validity of using enucleated eyes to model vascularised, viable retina is uncertain.


With the increasing demand for unlicensed spectrum, several regulators have been opening up the 6‐GHz band for unlicensed use while ensuring compliance with the technical requirement to avoid harmful interference in the existing primary services (PSs). In this paper, we present two methodologies, a channel‐based method and a frequency‐based method, which are applicable to a frequency coordination system that calculates the permissible transmit power in the channels or frequencies available to a secondary service (SS). In addition, we have demonstrated that the available transmit power of an SS can be maximized by adjusting the power allocation of the assigned resource units under the condition that the channel of the SS is partially overlapped with that of the PS. Based on the analysis results, it is suggested that it would be better to utilize the two methods selectively according to the operating channel conditions of the PS and the SS.


The objective of this paper is to analyze the conditions for the emergence of collaboration between firms grouped in a creative cluster. According to the school of proximity, the dynamics of a cluster are characterized by the gathering of two forms of proximity: spatial proximity and organized proximity. A quantitative study, a network analysis and a qualitative study were conducted to analyze the contribution of different forms of proximity (social, cognitive, organizational, institutional) to the emergence of collaborations between businesses. We highlight three main results : Collaborations between creative firms need gatekeepers ; They also need specific plans among them the way the place is structured plays a high role ; proximity of values appears as a strong condition of collaborations.


Especially in the framework of Quantum Gravity, it is theoretically possible that photons of different energy propagate at different velocity. Gamma‐ray Bursts (GRBs), due to their large distances and rapid variability in a broad energy band, are perhaps the best astronomical sources in which to measure any such dispersion over cosmological distances. GLAST will detect several GRBs per year at GeV energies, where the effect may be detectable. We address problems of optimal sensitivity and discrimination against energy‐dependent effects intrinsic to GRB emission, using simulated data and new unbinned lag‐detection algorithms.