The nine phenylgermanium derivatives of furfuryl carboxylic acid were synthesized by reaction of triphenylgermanium chloride and diphenylgermanium dichloride with sodium furfuryl carboxylate. Their structure were characterized by elemental analysis, IR,1H NMR and MS. The crystal structure of triphenylgermanium 2 furoate was determined by X ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to monoclinic with space group P21/c,a=1.1945(4)nm,b=0.9934(3)nm,c=1.6284(5)nm,β=91.59(5)°,V=1.9317(11)nm3,Dcal=1.427Mg·m-3,F(000)=848,Z=4. The germanium atom in this structure is in a distorted tetrahedron.


When one publishes a document on the Internet, e.g. using the PDF specification, it is often desirable for this file to be publicly searchable. That is, search engines should be able to parse your document content, whatever its language. They actually do pretty much the same job as what your PDF viewer does when you use the 'search' option, for e.g. some word. It is known that for your document to be correctly interpretable by a PDF viewer, or, more generally, by a search engine, it needs to be correctly decoded. For languages without accents or special characters (which is a vague expression), you might thus refer to my fonts' encodings discussion in my preceding article: [2].


The evolution of social structures has influenced the way in which individuals relate to the core or the periphery of given social networks. The present theoretical outline discusses differences in the use of various evolutionary strategies from the perspective of different positions within the social structures of humans. Two groups of strategies were discussed, the strategies of balancing between inclusiveness and distinctiveness and dispositional strategies for stress management. Chronic stress levels in group members seems to be one of natural consequences of the cooperative, gregarious living of a social species. The use of strategies is discussed from the perspective of individuals in peripheral and prototypical positions. Prototypical group members are suggested to use strategies that utilise the main social network. Dispositional coping activity of prototypical group members can be characterised by the direction "towards", i.e., towards social structure, towards family, towards peers. In contrast, peripheral group members are more prone to use strategies based on creative cognitive processes and their self-oriented coping can be characterised by the direction "inwards", or even by the direction "against", because of their thing-oriented individualistic behaviour motivated by self-willed attitudes. The direction of stress management activities represents a new, interesting variable for future discussions about the evolution of social structure and the evolutionary differentiation of individuals' positions within a social structure.


This paper considers the 3-unicast problem of directed acyclic network,the internal network topology structure not being known,and the number of internal nodes immeasurable. When different data streams m,n,p are sent by each user,these precoding matrixes are studied by using the asymptotic interference alignment technique,further,the set of feasibility conditions for precoding-based network alignment( PBNA) can be reduced to 2 by using two shortest path genetic algorithm and graph-related properties. Significantly reduced computational complexities are obtained and achieved 1 /2 degrees of freedom( DOF) of the individual source-destination.


Background: In early breast cancer, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the gold standard of axillary evaluation. Although it has less morbidity than axillary lymph node dissection, it may still cause sequelae. Currently, patients selection for SNB has been through physical examination, but presents low sensitivity and high false negative rate. Thus, ultrasonography with biopsy of suspected lymph nodes increases the accuracy. In an attempt to further reduce the morbidity of axillary surgery, it was hypothesized that it would be possible to avoid SLNB in women with early breast cancer. The aim of this study is to compare the SLNB with no axillary surgery as an approach to the axilla in early breast cancer and negative axilla clinical and ultrasonographical. Our trial includes some subsets excluded in others similar ongoing trials: patients that will undergo mastectomy and will receive primary systemic therapy. Trial design: A multicenter, phase III, prospective, open-label, non-inferiority randomized clinical trial, including 10 study sites in Brazil that will randomize 800 early breast cancer patients.Eligibility criteria: Inclusion: woman, age ≥ 18 years, histologic diagnostic of breast carcinoma, tumor ≤ 5 cm (T1 and T2) in all exams, clinically node-negative, ultrasound node-negative or negative core biopsy/fine needle aspiration if suspect lymph node (in this situation is mandatory lymph node tissue in pathologic exam). Exclusion: metastatic disease in biopsy or image before treatment, pregnancy, breastfeed, previous diagnostic of invasive neoplasia (excluding skin cancer no melanoma). It will be allowed mastectomy and neoadjuvant treatment if patient has negative axilla and T1-2 pre-systemic therapy.Intervention and stratification: Participants in experimental group will not be undergo axillary surgery and in control group will be submitted at SLNB. The randomization will be 1:1 ratio and stratified by: tumor size (T1 and T2) and age (≥50 and < 50 years)Specific aims: the primary objective is to access whether omission of axillar surgery is not inferior than SLNB in term of disease-free survival (DFS) at 5 years (primary endpoint). Secondary endpoints are overall survival, locoregional free survival, axillary recurrence rate, to describe surgical early and later complications and to evaluate costs of procedure SLNB or no. Statistical methods: with type I error 5%, power 80% and risk ratio 0.8, considering DFS at 5 years 90% in control group non-inferior DFS at 5 years 85% in experimental group, it was calculated sample size of 400 patients randomized and with follow up in each group (lost estimated 10%). Chi-squares and Fisher's tests will be used for the univariate analyzes, and logistic regression models for adjusted analyzes. Disease-free survival analysis, disease-free survival at a distance, and overall survival will be performed, which will be compared between groups using Kaplan-Meyer curves, log-rank tests and Cox Proportional Hazards-adjusted analyzes. The analyzes will be made intention-to-treat and per protocol.Present and target accrual: the trial was activated at November 2019 and 92 patients were accrued on July 7th 2021. The estimative of finish recruitment is in 2025 and the first data analyses will be made in 2029. The trial is registered in ReBEC (Brazilian register): RBR-8g6jbf. Contact information: Prof. Dr. Giuliano Duarte, - Univertidade Estadual de Campinas - CAISM - UNICAMP, email@example.com
 Citation Format: Giuliano Mendes Duarte, Danielle Cristina Myiamoto Araújo, Rodrigo Menezes Jales, Júlia Yoriko Shinzato, Cassio Cardoso Filho, Renato Zocchio Torresan, Fabrício Palermo Brenelli, Maria Beatriz de PaulaLeite Kraft, Sergio Carlos Barros Esteves, Luis Otávio Zanatta Sarian, Rosemar MecedoSousa Rahal, Ruffo de Freitas, Jr, Eduardo Carvalho Pessoa, Clecio Ênio Murta Lucena, Andrea PiresSouto Damin, Jorge Villanova Biazus, Vinicius Milani Budel, Idan de Oliveira, Jr, Rene Aloisio da Costa Vieira, Júlio César Narciso Gomes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus no axillary surgery in early breast cancer clinically and ultrasonographically node negative: A multicentre prospective randomized controlled trial (VENUS trial) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-04-03.


With the rapid development of large interlinked power systems, the forecasting and control of transient stability become more and more important. The grouping theory is presented. A method is introduced to judge the transient stability of power system based on the comparison of the grouping results of a large power system with simulation results and the power angle measurement by GPS is proposed.Its rapidity can help to research real time control measures.


objective to study to establish a standardized system of quality management of hospital pharmacy. Methods based on national drug laws, analysis of quality management of hospital pharmacy link requirements, standardization of hospital pharmacy quality management system corresponding measures proposed. Results established pharmacy quality management standard system, are important to ensure quality use of medicines in hospitals. Conclusion merited in-depth study of hospital pharmacy management.


Diffuse polarized neutron scattering studies have been carried out on single crystals of pyrochlore spin ice Ho2 xYxTi2O7 (x1⁄40, 0.3, and 1) to investigate the effects of doping and anisotropy on spin correlations in the system. The crystals were aligned with the (1 1 0) orientation coincident with the direction of neutron polarization. For all the samples studied the spin flip (SF) diffuse scattering (i.e. the in-plane component) reveals that the spin correlations can be described using a nearest-neighbour spin ice model (NNSM) at higher temperatures (T1⁄43.6 K) and a dipolar spin ice model (DSM) as the temperature is reduced (T1⁄430 mK). In the non-spin flip (NSF) channel (i.e. the out-of-plane component), the signature of strong antiferromagnetic correlations is observed for all the samples at the same temperature as the dipolar spin ice behaviour appears in the SF channel. Our studies show that the non-magnetic dopant Y does not significantly alter SF or NSF scattering for the spin ice state, even when Y doping is as high as 50%. In this paper, we focus on the experimental results of the highly doped spin ice HoYTi2O7 and compare our results with pure spin ice Ho2Ti2O7. The crossover from a dipolar to a nearest-neighbour spin ice behaviour and the doping insensitivity in spin ices are briefly discussed. & 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Spin ice compounds such as Ho2Ti2O7, Ho2Sn2O7, Dy2Ti2O7 and the most recently discovered Dy2Sn2O7 exhibit an Ising-like anisotropy with an effective ferromagnetic interaction between the magnetic moments [1–6]. These compounds, with the chemical formula A2B2O7, where A is a rare-earth ion and B is a transition-metal ion, all have a pyrochlore structure and possess a face-centred-cubic structure with a space group Fd3m with 8 formula units in a unit cell. In spin ice Ho2Ti2O7, the Ho 3+ ions occupy the 16d site with a local trigonal symmetry 3m and are the only magnetic ions in the specimen [7]. The organizing principles of the magnetic ground state or the ''ice rules'' in spin ice compounds require that two spins should point in, and two out of each elementary tetrahedron in the pyrochlore lattice. The ''two in, two out'' ice rule was generally believed to be the result of a delicate balance between the interaction of the large spin moments and the special geometry of the pyrochlore lattice. Heat capacity measurements and diffuse neutron scattering are two ll rights reserved. e Directorate, Japan Atomic . Tel.: +81 29 282 6886; ng). methods to characterize a spin ice compound experimentally. As in the case of water ice, spin ice has a degeneracy of energetically preferred states, which generates a residual finite entropy of S01⁄41/2ln 3/2 as the temperature approaches absolute zero [8]. Bramwell et al. [9] suggested that Ho2Ti2O7 can be described using a dipolar spin ice model (DSM). However, owing to the self-screening of the dipolar interactions [10], a nearest-neighbour spin ice model (NNSM) gives a reasonable description of the magnetic correlations in spin ice and explains the residual finite entropy of the system. This feature known as ''projective equivalence'' between the DSM and NNSM was proposed by Isakov et al. [11]. The dipolar spin ice ground state manifold is quasi-degenerate, and the residual energy scale is expected to lead to an ordering instability at low temperatures away from q1⁄40 [10,12]. However, this long-range ordered state has not yet been observed experimentally, although scattering intensities on the zone boundary have been observed for spin ice Dy2Ti2O7 [13] in diffuse neutron scattering studies. A cluster-like correlation model was used to understand the scattering intensities on the zone boundary in spin ice as well as in spinel ZnCr2O4 [14]. On the other hand, Yavors'kii et al. [15] found that an equally satisfactory description of the spin ice data could be obtained by including the second and Fig. 2. Cuts across the [0 0 '] NSF channels for Ho2 xYxTi2O7 (x1⁄40, 0.3, and 1) at 30 mK (for x1⁄40 and 1) and 400 mK (for x1⁄40.3). The intensities are normalized to the maximum intensity in each set of data around (0 0 3), and the lines are Gaussians fits to the data. L.J. Chang et al. / Physica B 406 (2011) 2393–2396 2394 third nearest-neighbour exchange couplings in the Hamiltonian of their Monte Carlo simulations. It has recently been proposed that excitations above the ground state manifold in the spin ice can be viewed as magnetic monopoles of opposite ''charge'' connected by Dirac strings [16], and these have been observed in several experiments [17–21]. Fennell et al. [17] studied magnetic correlations in Ho2Ti2O7 in the spin flip (SF) and non-spin flip (NSF) channels via polarized neutron scattering. While a nearest-neighbour spin ice correlation pattern was clearly observed in the SF channel at 1.7 K, a faint indication of the presence of possible antiferromagnetic correlations was found in the NSF channel. It is reasonable to expect that impurity doping would relax the local constraints imposed by the ice rules, and that significant changes would be observed experimentally in doped spin ice materials. However, relaxation measurements by neutron spinecho and ac-susceptibility showed that the relaxation mechanism in spin ice compounds is less sensitive than expected to the concentration of dopants [22,23]. Studies on doped spin ice replacing Ho or Dy with Y, as well as stuffed spin ice materials, reveal that the spin ice state is still present even when the amount of doping is as high as 40% [8]. Here we focus on the investigation of the effects of Y doping on spin ice Ho2Ti2O7, especially for the highly doped case of HoYTi2O7. Ho1 xYxTi2O7 (x1⁄40, 0.3, and 1) single crystals were grown in an infrared double mirror image furnace [24]. Each crystal was 0.6 cm in diameter, 2 cm in length, and amber-red in colour. The crystals were cut and characterized by X-ray Laue diffraction. Diffuse neutron scattering incorporated with polarization analysis is a powerful technique by which one can probe short-range spin correlations as well as spatial anisotropy in highly frustrated magnets. The experiments were performed using the high-flux polarized diffuse neutron scattering spectrometer DNS, FRM-II (Garching, Germany). A He/He dilution refrigerator insert with an Oxford Instruments cryostat was used for temperatures below 2 K, and a closed cycle cryostat was used for temperatures above 2 K. A neutron wavelength of 4.74 Å was chosen for all the experiments. Fig. 1. Neutron polarization analysis contour plots for HoYTi2O7 for (a) SF scattering at at 30 mK. The [1 –1 0] direction of each of the crystals was aligned perpendicular to the horizontal scattering plane so that the (h h ') reciprocal plane can be mapped out by rotating the samples. The neutron polarization at the sample position was aligned along the [1 –1 0] direction of the sample, i.e. z-direction of the chosen experimental coordinate system. Within this setup, the SF and NSF scattering cross sections can be derived as follows [25]:


"Tustice, Justice, you shall pursue". Reflected also in other legal I cultures, this injunction in the Book of Deuteronomy (Book 16 v. I 20) reminds us—even exhorts us—that the pursuit of justice is not confined to compliance with the 'law' but striving towards what is truly just. The Best Bakery case tests this challenge. Following the Godhra train massacre in February 2002, communal riots spread in various places in Gujarat. Murder, mayhem, arson, looting and killing continued unabated for some time. There is more than one indictment


The second of two articles which reveal the theoretical and practical significance of the researches awarded 2022 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences. The author shows the theoretical and practical influence of B. Bernanke's research on the non-monetary effects of the banking crisis on the course of the Great Depression, which marked the beginning of recognition and measurement of the macroeconomic effects of financial intermediaries as institutions performing important functions under information asymmetry. The peculiarities of the global financial crisis and the latest crisis processes in the banking sector, which are taking place in the conditions of a change in the global monetary environment, are considered in light of the laureates' works. This change – a rapid tightening of monetary policy in developed economies was a reaction not only to global price shocks associated with the full-scale Russia's invasion of Ukraine, but also to the previous delay in anti-inflationary efforts in the conditions of a combination of supply shocks with monetary demand stimulation and monetary authorities' faith in well-anchored inflationary expectations. The article considers the extent to which the crisis processes at Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, First Republic Bank and Credit Suisse are described by the models developed by the 2022 Nobel laureates. Based on that analysis, the author adjusts the answer to the question about the role of banking panics in the market economy. Probable directions for reforming banking regulation in the USA are characterized. It is substantiated that the government faces a complex set of tasks: to minimize social losses from banking panics; to prevent large business losses that would have broad macroeconomic consequences; and to prevent irrational contagion with panic moods and panic as a self-fulfilling prophecy, without eliminating the very possibility of depositors fleeing from a bank with poor management. It is shown that increasing and complicating the public presence in the financial sector has an extremely powerful and difficult to assess influence on the incentives of financial intermediaries, which embody the latter's nature as special economic entities.


Allowing non-matching interfaces in a computational solver offers significant flexibility, and the potential to simplify the mesh generation process and reduce the number of required cells. A universal meshless interpolation method, suitable for data interpolation across non-matching interfaces, is presented here. The method is based on radial basis function volume interpolation and is applicable to data transfer in any computational mechanics solver, in any number of dimensions. Previous work has considered analytical test cases and scalar wave propagation problems, transferring data across non-matching mesh boundaries, and the cost and achievable spatial order of convergence considered. The method is here implemented into a structured multiblock finite-volume flow solver, and implementation issues discussed. Internal and external two-dimensional test cases are considered with discontinuous mesh spacing across block boundaries. A spatial order of convergence study is presented for an aerofoil case, and it is shown that including a discontinuous interface does not affect the solution accuracy or the order of convergence.


Due to the huge amount of data in experiment of measuring ethanol viscosity,VB and Access database are used to develop a data processing program for data processing.The program with friendly interface is convenient and practical.


A 43‐year‐old female patient with Basedow‐Graves' disease developed agranulocytosis in the eighth month of propylthiouracil therapy. After discontinuing the drug, a broad spectrum antibiotic regimen plus recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), a human haematopoietic growth factor, were started. Her granulocyte count returned to normal with the second dose of G‐CSF, and ulcerating pharyngitis improved rapidly. We think that in patients with propylthiouracil‐induced agranulocytosis, G‐CSF will reduce the risk and severity of infection, and should be accepted as a part of the standard therapy.


Machine Learning(ML) is conducted in various fields such as pc point of view, speech verification, natural language processing, internet hunt, biotech, risk control, cyber safety and security as well as security, and also a bunch of others. It is the clinical analysis of obtaining computers to respond without being programmed, nonetheless somewhat is actually "set up through example."


The construction and application of weather modification operational system in Sichuan province have been introduced in this paper.The system is highly integrated and automated,it is very efficient and convenient for use.Multiple dimensions and different kinds of information can be collected and transferred immediately,and also can be visual displayed.It has multiple of functions,such as doing operational management,releasing early warning information before take artificial precipitation stimulation,making operational decision,calculate effect assessment.As a result of this system,operational management has been strengthened,and the efficiency of weather modification has been improved.


Negative correlation learning is to let a set of individual learners communicatively learn the same data set without data sampling although data sampling techniques could be used in negative correlation learning. In this paper, weak learning signals were introduced by defining the new target values in negative correlation learning besides the original strong learning signals. The purposes of using weak learning signals are to create more different learning models for a committee machine, and speed up learning on the hard data. However, neither strong learning signals nor weak learning signals would perform well alone in ensemble learning. Negative correlation learning with mixed strong and weak learning signals was therefore implemented and tested in this paper. The results suggest that the modified negative correlation learning could well control the complexity of a committee machine in order to solve the learning tasks with robust performance.


Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device. You can download and read online My Cave Life In Vicksburg [Illustrated]: A Firsthand Account From the Confederate Side of the Civil War Siege of Vicksburg file PDF Book only if you are registered here. And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with My Cave Life In Vicksburg [Illustrated]: A Firsthand Account From the Confederate Side of the Civil War Siege of Vicksburg book. Happy reading My Cave Life In Vicksburg [Illustrated]: A Firsthand Account From the Confederate Side of the Civil War Siege of Vicksburg Bookeveryone. Download file Free Book PDF My Cave Life In Vicksburg [Illustrated]: A Firsthand Account From the Confederate Side of the Civil War Siege of Vicksburg at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats. Here is The Complete PDF Book Library. It's free to register here to get Book file PDF My Cave Life In Vicksburg [Illustrated]: A Firsthand Account From the Confederate Side of the Civil War Siege of Vicksburg.


ABSTRACT The National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan, collects a vast amount of materials and information related to peoples' life and culture, and makes them available to society through exhibitions and other activities. The number of collected items is increasing every year: 343581 objects have been collected from Japan and abroad as of March 2017. The continuous efforts have been necessary to improve storage conditions and to save space for both general and special storerooms. The former, which account for 90% of the storage capacity of the museum, are air-conditioned during working hours, with temperature and relative humidity (RH) settings varying with the seasons. The latter, which house objects for which strict conservation conditions are required, are air-conditioned for 24 hours with fixed settings of temperature/RH throughout the year determined by the nature of the materials from which the objects have been made or formed. Storage re-organization began with special storerooms, for which the number of objects and the storage area are far more limited in comparison with the general storerooms. The storage shelves for fur/skin/feather (almost 1000 objects) and for carpets (almost 550 objects) were all renewed in FY2007/2008. Then two large-scale innovation projects for general storerooms were conducted: construction of storage areas for ships equipped with a CO2-based and anoxic pest treatment facility (FY2015), and a complete refurbishing of the general storeroom for large objects (FY2016). Windows were set in the corner of this storeroom to provide visitors an opportunity to view and learn about the museum activities. In parallel to the above projects, daily storage improvement efforts have been undertaken. Storeroom No. 3, chosen as an example for general storerooms for small and medium-sized objects, was used to investigate the range of issues related to the shelving arrangement and storage conditions. Guidelines for storage re-organization were formulated according to the results of the investigation and according to the experiences gained through the renewal of special storerooms. Storage re-organization undertaken in storeroom No. 3 was conducted for 6 years at the rate of around 2000–4000 objects per year with a low budget and with reuse of existing shelves. In FY2016, all objects in storeroom No. 3 were properly redistributed. About 40% of the storage space was saved. Over these 10 years of storage re-organization, preventive measures have been taken for sustainable collection management. As early as FY1992, pest trap investigations have been carried out seasonally. Since FY2004, the results of investigations have been analyzed using a customized computer program. Subsequently, appropriate integrated pest management measures have been taken. In addition, since FY2014, energy-efficient air-condition control has been adopted for general storerooms. It consists of switching off air-conditioning in spring and autumn, and of starting it only when the temperature or RH values become too high in summer or too low in winter. Because the turning-off of air-conditioning causes comparable or even less climatic fluctuation, it was considered acceptable both economically and from a conservation perspective. It is estimated that turning the air-conditioning off during transitional seasons brings cost savings of about 3000000–4000000 JPY (about 26800–35700 USD as of 23 September 2017) per annum, which accounts for almost 30% of the electricity expenditures for all general storerooms.


VinCentiments is the Facebook page behind the viral short films, such as Kung Pwede Lang (KPL), a 4-minute video that features a student who is complaining to her teacher. This video reached more than 16 million views. VinCentiments usually tackles social issues in a comical and parody way. Using Rhoderick Nuncio's concept of Pantawang Pananaw (2002), this paper explored the criticisms that transcends in their short films. The analysis was limited in the chosen short films that are included in the KPL series which were posted from June to December 2018: (a) KPL; (b) Resbak Kakak ni Mam; (c) BOSSABOS; (d) The OFW Rant.


This invented liquid or gas sealing material is prepared up from base material (teflon), reinforcing material (carbon fibre) and modifier including bronze powder, glass fibre, and powders of graphite, MoS2 and talcum through such technological steps s breaking, mixing, moulding, sinter, and trimming. Its advantages include special compressive and tensile strength and better flexibility, elasticity, low-and high-temp resistance, chemical and thermal stability, low abrasion and self lubrication.


Energy industry sanctions, which form the core of economic sanctions against Russia, began in earnest after Russia annexed Crimea in 2014. Following the outbreak of war in Ukraine in February 2022, the US and EU significantly strengthened sanctions on the energy industry, which is the backbone of Russia's economy and accounts for more than 50% of its exports. Russia is not only Europe's No. 1 supplier of energy resources, but also occupies a very important position in world energy trade, accounting for 20% of total global trades of energy commodities. Political conflicts between major exporters and importers such as Russia, the US and Europe have greatly increased uncertainties in the energy market. This is having a huge impact on the world economy. As a result of the sanctions, the Russian energy industry has been forced to change its structure. If the previous goal was to develop the energy industry and further strengthen its position as the largest exporter of natural resources, the current goal has to be revised to minimize losses caused by sanctions. In the future, Russia is expected to increase exports to the Asian market, focusing on cooperation with China and India. It is expected that costs will increase because productivity and efficiency decrease as access to foreign technology and equipment becomes difficult. The policy to localize Western equipment and technology subject to sanctions will be pushed more strongly, but this will inevitably cost considerable money and time. At present, Russia's exports of energy regenerate maintain a high export value due to high prices, although the export volume has decreased. It is difficult for Europe to fully replace Russian energy resources in the short term. For the time being, due to increased exports to Asia and relatively high energy commodity prices, Russia's energy resource exports are expected to remain high for a considerable period of time. The Russian energy industry will play an important role in the Russian economy and international energy market for some time, but its current share will decline more rapidly than previously anticipated. In an unprecedented and unpredictable situation, the Russian energy industry is facing a previously unimaginable challenge to maintain the status quo or to minimize the decline in production and exports.


In this contribution the coincidence is indicated of mathematical notions and structures used to define both data organization models and various quantum harmonic oscillator-like models. At least one, if not both, of these families of models might then admit combinatorial interpretation, also via finite operator calculus of Rote in some cases.


Through representational and symbolic objects, events that have forged the sociocultural substratum of a given culture can be subjected to modifications in connection with paradigmatic changes. It is the case of sacredness. In this paper, various hagionyms will be presented and analysed, the metonymic rewriting of which incorporates semantic fields other than that of hagionymy. This is the case with hagionyms used to designate places or those referring to food (e.g. Saint Émilion wine), occurring in popular expressions (renvoyer à la Saint-Glinglin 'to return to Saint Glinglin') or, in the province of Quebec (Canada), in insults regarding religion: tabernak ('tabernacle'), crisse ('Christ').


High dependence on rain-fed agriculture impose smallholder farmers to a plethora of climate risks which are detrimental to agroecosystems and socio-economic status. Assessment of the impact of climate variability and change at farm level is key to developing suitable agro-advisories toward mitigating climate risks. Smallholder farmers in the semi-arid areas of South Africa are most vulnerable to heightened sensitivity to extreme weather events and inadequate exposure to adaptive capacity. The increasing pressures brought in by weather events, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, increasing population is threatening food security and sustainable livelihoods.  The study conducted a reconnaissance review with smallholder farmers from selected local municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal and Free State provinces. The purpose for this analysis was to determine local climate related challenges, gaps, shocks and barriers.  The survey further, identified agricultural practices, climate risks, access to climate related advisories, access to other scientific knowledge and factors hindering sustainability, stability, and profitability. We further discussed the importance of drought in situ monitoring since drought was identified as the measure limiting factor to agricultural productivity. The existing challenge on the dissemination of scientific knowledge and the accessibility of agrometeorological application knowledge to smallholder farmers. Thus overcoming the constraints limiting the adoption of climate smart agriculture, weather and climate use, and minimise climatic risks and improve smallholder agricultural production.


This paper describes three language-motivated techniques for question answering from multiple resources. The techniques are situated within a QA architecture that combines language processing, reasoning, and information access.


This is a response to my blog about media and protests by my colleague Dr Bart Cammaerts, who specialises in research around alternative media, political communications and protest.


Proteasomes are nonlysosomal proteolytic structures that have been implicated in cell growth and differentiation. Abnormal expression levels of proteasomes have been described in tumor cells, and proteasomes can be detected and measured in plasma. The objective of this study was to characterize differences in proteasome levels between normal, healthy donors and patients with neoplastic disease and to correlate the findings with clinical status and other biologic markers of disease spread.


Glioblastoma (GBM) displays both spatial and temporal heterogeneity, whereupon mesenchymal tumors fare more poorly than the proneural molecular subtype. STAT3 was selected because its activation preceeds the proneural-mesenchymal transition. We first defined a STAT3 gene signature that stratified GBM patients into STAT3-high and -low cohorts. STAT3 inhibitor treatment selectively mitigated STAT3-high cell viability and tumorigenicity in orthotopic mouse xenograft models. In addition, we elucidated the mechanism underlying resistance in STAT3-low cells by combining STAT3 signature analysis with kinome screen data on STAT3 inhibitor-treated cells, allowing us to draw connections between kinases affected by STAT3 inhibitors, their associated transcription factors and target genes. As such, we show that dual inhibition of IGF-1R and STAT3 sensitized STAT3-low cells and improved survival in mice. Our study emphasizes the clinical implications of molecular subtype switching and demonstrates the importance of serially profiling GBM tumors upon recurrence so as to facilitate effective therapy.


Compositional convolutional networks are generative models of neural network features, that achieve state of the art results when classifying partially occluded objects, even when they have not been exposed to occluded objects during training. While previous results showed the potential of CompositionalNets at localizing occluders, this remains to be confirmed quantitatively. In this work, we study the performance of CompositionalNets at localizing occluders in an image. We propose to extend the original model with a mixture of von-Mises-Fisher distributions. We show that this extension increases the model's ability to localize occluders in an image while retaining an exceptional performance at classifying partially occluded objects.


THE present paper does not attempt to deal with the whole housing problem. It is simply a small contribution to a certain phase of that problem -the question of the erection and management of " model " tenement houses by private corporations -based largely on practical observation. In order to accomplish the best results the writer thought it expedient to limit his studies in this case to a certain section of New York city where both bad tenements and good tenements existed side by side, and then to compare the leading features of both and show the influence which the latter were having upon the former. Accordingly he sought an interview with the president of the company which recently erected the new buildings on the borders of the " Battle Row " district, Dr. E. R. L. Gould, who was kind enough to place at his disposal much of his own vast store of knowledge on tenement-house reform, and especially his experience as the head of the City and Suburban Homes Company. Besides this valuable interview with Dr. Gould, I made a personal inspection of the model tenements on E. Sixty-fourth street, gathered much valuable information from their matron, Miss Geary, and then endeavored to get some idea of the character of the old-style tenements and the population of the neighboring district. Whatever value, therefore, this paper may have will be due largely to personal observation of things as they actually exist in a certain corner of the largest city in the United States, rather than to any general knowledge of the subject. And I trust enough actual facts have been revealed to show that the tenement-house-reform problem is full of hope, and that it has already been, and therefore can be in the future, at least partially solved on the principles and methods of Dr. Gould's semiphilanthropic company.


In this paper we consider a Cauchy problem in which is present an evolution inclusion driven by the Frchet subdifferential O-f of a function f:R t2 { /c} (f is an open subset of a real separable Hilbert space) having a p-monotone.subdifferential of order two and a perturbation F" I x -.P/c(H) with nonempty, closed and convex values. First we show that the Cauchy problem has a nonempty solution set which is an R6-set in C(I,H), in particular, compact and acyclic. Moreover, we obtain a Kneser-type theorem. In addition, we establish a continuity result about the solution-multifunction x--S(x). We also produce a continuous selector for the multifunction x--S(x). As an application of this result, we obtain the existence of solutions for a periodic problem.


Online reviews are widely adopted in many websites such as Amazon, Yelp, and TripAdvisor. Positive reviews can bring significant financial gains, while negative ones often cause sales loss. This fact, unfortunately, results in strong incentives for opinion spam to mislead readers. Instead of hiring humans to write deceptive reviews, in this work, we bring into attention an automated, low-cost process for generating fake reviews, variations of which could be easily employed by evil attackers in reality. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to expose the potential risk of machine-generated deceptive reviews. Our simple review synthesis model uses one truthful review as a template, and replaces its sentences with those from other reviews in a repository. The fake reviews generated by this mechanism are extremely hard to detect: Both the state-of-the-art machine detectors and human readers have an error rate of 35%-48%. A novel defense method that leverages the difference of semantic flows between fake and truthful reviews is developed, reducing the detection error rate to approximately 22%. Nevertheless, it is still a challenging research task to further decrease the error rate.


This work analyses the effect of the potent prolactin secretion inhibitor 2 Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154) on both the acceptance and the growth of the mouse transplantable MXT ovarian-dependent mammary tumor. CB 154 was injected at doses of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg subcutaneously for 10 weeks. This treatment did not decrease the tumor acceptance but delayed the appearance of palpable tumor nodules. Furthermore estimation of the change in tumor surface area (TS) expressed in sq mm revealed that the drug reduced tumor growth. This effect became significant after 8 weeks. Tumor death was also significantly delayed (7 surviving mice in controls versus 13 in the 25 mg/kg group, and 12 in the 50 mg/kg group). The present data suggest that the MXT mouse mammary tumor is sensitive to prolactin. This property associated with the known ovarian hormone sensitivity makes this tumor a valuable experimental model for assessing hormone dependence of mammary carcinomas.


We conduct a series of Cournot duopoly market experiments with a high number of repetitions and fixed matching. Our treatments include markets with (a) complete cost symmetry and complete information, (b) slight cost asymmetry and complete information, and (c) varying cost asymmetries and incomplete information. For the case of complete cost symmetry and complete information, our data confirm the well-known result that duopoly players achieve, on average, partial collusion. However, as soon as any level of cost asymmetry or incomplete information is introduced, observed average individual quantities are remarkably close to the static Bayes-Nash equilibrium predictions.


As the chief concept of Olympic Beijing, 2008, Humanism Olympics is constituted mainly to exhibit the style and features of Beijing as an ancient city with historic culture. With a history as a capital of more than 3,000 years, Beijing owns a culture which enriched the Olympic Spirits, that is why the Action Plan for the Olympics made new requirements for city programming. It aims at showing the world ancient East culture with history and tourism sights as well. And this paper is an interpretation of the sights in city design according to the Action Plan of the Olympics.


As a result of rapid technological advances, widespread regulatory change and continuing globalization of the world economy over the last twenty years, we have witnessed a resumption in the growth in living standards in most countries from their stalled levels in the 1970s. Unfortunately, these changes have also spawned a new growth industry, increased financial crime that has been referred to as "the dark side of capital mobility". This paper begins with an overview of financial crime - conventionally defined as money laundering, tax evasion, and a relatively new component, financing terrorism. The paper presents some very rough estimates of the magnitude of financial crime, as well as its relative position with respect to GDP, investment and aid flows. After describing some of the principal actors in this new "field", the paper provides a short review of the major national and international initiatives in place and those planned to arrest the growth of financial crime in the next decade. This paper was presented at the 12th international conference in Bangkok, Thailand, May 2002.


Introduction: Vital signs (VS) data collected in prehospital care and recorded in trauma registries are often missing or unreliable as it is difficult to record dynamic changes while performing resuscitation and stabilization. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that analysis of continuous vital signs improves data quality, and predicts life-saving interventions (LSI) better than use of retrospectively compiled Trauma Registry (TR) data. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, six emergency medical services helicopters were equipped with a Vital Signs Data Recorder (VSDR) to capture continuous VS from the patient onto a handheld personal digital assistant (PDA). Prehospital LSIs (fluid bolus, cardiopul-monary resuscitation, drugs, intubation, etc.) and those performed within two hours after arrival in the trauma resuscitation unit were considered outcome variables. The VSDR and TR data were compared using Bland-Altman method. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine which VS variable best predicted LSIs using the values in the TR and the VSDR. Results: Prehospital VSDR data were collected from 177 patients. There was a significant difference between the highest and lowest heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and oxygen saturation between the VSDR and the TR data (p <0.001).The VSDR highest heart rate and lowest oxygen saturation recorded predicted LSIs while none of the TR vital signs did so in a multivariate model. The SBP was not an independent predictor of LSI. Conclusions: The VSDR data increased the odds of predicting LSIs compared to the TR data. Using continuous vital signs in prehospital care may lead to the development of better trauma prognostic models.


Hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) is a kind of multiple-functional hepatin-binding protein. It is produced mainly by villi core mesenchymal cells in placenta, and acts in a paracrine manner on trophoblasts that express the HGF receptor c-met. During hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy(HDCP) , HGF mRNA and protein significantly decrease. Thus HGF intimately relates to HDCP with regulation of invasion of trophoblast, anti-apoptosis and regulation of placentation.


Objective To investigate the relation between myoca rdium hypertrophy and the expression of α 1G subunit of T-type calcium cha nnels in left ventricular myocytes of 5/6 SNx rats, and the effect of calcitriol on the expression of α 1G subunit of T-type calcium channels. Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-dawley rats were randomly divid ed into three groups(n=8): A. CRF; B.CRF administrated 50ng/d of calcitriol; C: sham-operated control. Sprague-dawley rats in group A and B underwent two-step 5 /6 subtotal nephrectomy(SNx);control rats underwent bilateral renal decapsulati on. After 12 weeks,all rats were sacrificed, and the ratio of heart weigh t and body weight, blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),intact parath yroid hormone(iPTH) and creatinine clearance(CCr) were detected. Moreover, the e xpression of α 1G subunits mRNA of T-type calcium channels were detected b y RT-PCR. Results Compared to group C, the ratio of heart weight and body weight, BUN, SCr, iPTH in group A were obviously elevated (P0.01) and CCr were signif icantly decreased (P0.01); α 1G subunits mRNA of T-type c alcium channels were expressed again in the left ventricular myocytes of 5/6 SNx rats( P≤0.001). In group B, compared to group A, in addition to iPTH witch was predominantly decreased, the ratio of heart weight and body weight, Bu n, SCr, CCr and the expression of α 1G subunits mRNA were not obviously ch anged (P0.05). Conclusion There are increase of heart weight and expression of T-type calcium channels in left ventricular myocytes of 5/6 SNx rats. It implie s that T-type calcium channel may play an important role in myocardium hypertrop hy of 5/6 SNx rats. In 12 weeks after 5/6 SNx, there were no obvious change of α 1G subunits mRNA. It indicates the research on finding new-type specifi cic blocker of T-type calcium channel is very necessary.


The security of Trusted Network Connection was infroduced into Web applications with concern,at the security of Web applications and the limitations of Trusted Network Connection,which is relativety widely used only in LAN and VPN.A new method for Web application security was presented based on the thought of Trusted Network Connection,therefore to increase the security of Web applications and overcome the limitations of TNC.Through the model design and the system realization,it was proved that the thought of Trusted Network Connection can be applied to Web applications and improve the security of Web applications.At the mean time,improved Web application can reduce the attack of viruses and trojans and broaden the fields of Trusted Network Connection application.


It is essential to determine facilitative skills and develop a template that will be required by a Technical Teacher for facilitative learning in order to implement problem-based learning classrooms. The study adopted the instrumentation design. The population for the study is 97, comprising of all Technical Teachers in Public Technical Colleges in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling techniques was used to select 56 technical teachers to form the sample. The instruments for the study were tagged "Assessment of Facilitative Learning Skills Need of Technical Teachers Questionnaire" (AFLSNOTTQ) and "Template for Facilitating Learning Checklist"(TFLSC). Two tier method of validation was done. The first involved the face validation of the AFLSNOTTQ and the second was the content validation of the TFLSC by experts from the Department of Vocational Education, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach alpha after it was administered on 30 teachers who were not part of the sample. This gave coefficients of 0.82 and 0.79 each for AFLSNOTTQ and TFLSC respectively. The Mean and standard deviation was used to answer research question one. On a four point rating scale, the weighted Mean is 2.50, hence, items with Mean responses below 2.50 indicate a skills Need while items on 2.50 and above indicate possessed skills by Technical Teachers. On ascertaining the skills gap, a template was developed and validated for technical teachers on how to facilitate learning in PBL classrooms. It was recommended among others that three options are now proposed for facilitator development, namely self, peer and group reflection.


Although acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is the most widely used drug in Kawasaki disease because of its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effect, a previous study failed to show efficacy of ASA 30 mg/kg/day in reducing coronary involvement in this disease. We have recently documented erratic and often reduced absorption of ASA in Kawasaki disease such that 30 mg/kg/day could not be assumed to yield therapeutic concentrations. In the present study the efficacy of high dose salicylates in reducing the coronary features of Kawasaki disease was assessed in 36 children who received ASA 80-180 mg/kg/day, and 18 who did not receive high dose salicylates during the febrile phase of the disease and whose fever was controlled mainly with acetaminophen. The two groups were comparable with respect to age and body weight. In the ASA-treated group the dose was adjusted to achieve a concentration ≥ 20 mg/dl. There were significantly more cases of coronary disease in the non-treated group (50%) than in the salicylate-treated group (16.6%) (P=0.014). Due to impaired absorption of ASA during the febrile phase of the disease salicylate serum concentrations achieved per given dose were on average 50% those observed during the non-febrile phase. Despite the difficulty in achieving therapeutic concentrations of salicylate during the febrile phase of Kawasaki disease even with doses as high as 100 mg/kg/day, this dose appears to reduce coronary artery involvement.


Degree of esterification,loss on drying,ash,galacturonic acid,pH and heavy metal content were determined by QB and GB standard.The solubility,color and chromatic aberration analysis,viscosity hot-stability and acid-stability properties of were compared seed melon pectin with standardized pectin.The results show that the total ash is 4.8%,loss on dring was 6.06%,pH was 2.86,esterification degree 35,galacturonic acid content was 75.2%.As content 0.019 mg/kg Pb content 0.38 mg/kg,meeting the requirements of QB and GB.The average viscosity molecular mass of melon pectin is about 90 thousand,and the acidity affects little on solubility.Seed melon pectin has good chroma,hot-stability and acid-stability properties.The viscosity decreases with the increase of temperature,CaCl2,NaCl and citric acid concentration,and increases along with the increase of the concentiation of pectin and sucrose.


The η6-1,3,5-triphosphabenzene transition metal complexes 12a,b, 14, and 16 have been synthesized for the first time by the displacement of η6-arene ligands (toluene, benzene and naphthalene) with 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-1,3,5-triphosphabenzene (9). The new complexes have been fully characterized by a combination of elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and 1H-, 13C- and 31 P-NMR spectroscopy.


The study show that the substance composition take its source at LiBa Gold deposit, the thermalfluid take its source at atmosphere metorol of deep circulate. It is belong to thermalfluid deposit of midle or low temperatuve.


In this paper the combination of diffractive optics elements with a coherent pumping source makes it possible to control the pump light intensity distribution and achieve various inversion profiles inside a laser material. The perspective of the amplification of LG/sub 0m/ modes and the concept of a high-power short pulse laser operating with "hollow" beams is discussed.


Femtosecond laser microfabrication is a new processing method combining such technologies as ultra-fast laser, CAD/CAM and photochemical material etc, for fabricating micro devices by means of layer-by-layer writing. In making a good micro device, the overlapping degree is a key parameter aside from the resolution. Thus the effect of different overlapping degrees on the quality of surfaces was studied. Theoretical emulation was also performed based on the free-radical theory and the equivalent exposition principle. In the experiments, an 80 fs pulsewidth and 800 nm wavelength femtosecond laser, mode locked at 80 MHz repetition rate, was used as the two-photon irradiation source. The laser beam was focused by a high numerical aperture (NA=1.25) oil immersion objective lens. Sample scanning was realized by a piezostage. The photopolymer material consisted of radical initiators, urethane acrylate monomer and oligomers. Different overlapping degrees with the paces of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 μm were used to get different surfaces. After measuring and analyzing the surface roughness, the most suitable overlapping degree was found for a high-quality micro device fabrication.


Current glasshouse horticulture in the Netherlands is based on high inputs of energy, fertiliz ers and pesticides, with serious environmental effects. Consequently, it has to face a re strictive governmental policy and changing consumer attitudes towards the quality of products in relation to the production process. Integrated production systems with minimum inputs are described, e.g. efficient use of energy, nutrient and pesticides, with as a consequence, mini mum emissions. These systems will be introduced after tests with prototype systems for pilot crops of major crop groups.


The utility model relates to a portable detection device for a frequency hopping performance index of a vehicle station. The detection device comprises a radio frequency coupler module, a radio frequency processor module, a data collector and FPGA (field programmable gate array) module, an ARM embedded microprocessor module, a liquid crystal display, a touch screen, a housing, a panel and a battery, wherein the battery, the radio frequency coupler module, the radio frequency processor module, the data collector and FPGA module, the ARM embedded microprocessor module and the liquid crystal display are mounted inside the housing from back to front in sequence, so as to form a whole in combination with the touch screen, a control key, a radio frequency interface, a voltage indicator, a power interface and a power switch which are arranged on the panel together. Due to the application of an embedded microprocessor system and a large-scale integrated digital circuit chip, the design for the module-type structure is created, the technical indexes of the modules are reasonably allocated, and the interface standard is cleared. In addition, the utility model has the characteristics of simple structure, reasonable circuit, high accuracy, low power consumption, light weight, small volume and the like.


1 Planetary and Global Health Program, St. Luke's Medical Center College of Medicine-William H. Quasha Memorial, Quezon City, Philippines, 2 Sunway Centre for Planetary Health, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia, 3 Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 4 Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom, 5 Faculty of Human, Social and Political Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 6 Department of Sociology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America, 7 Interdisciplinary Training, Education and Research in Food-Energy-Water Systems, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America, 8 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, California, United States of America, 9 German Alliance on Climate Change and Health, Germany, 10 Leipzig University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Leipzig, Germany, 11 Fridays for Future MAPA, 12 School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 13 The People's Health Movement, Global and United Kingdom, 14 Planetary Health Eastern Africa Hub, Eldoret, Kenya, 15 Department of Environmental Biology and Health, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya, 16 Polluters Out and Fossil Free University, 17 Centre for Human Rights and Global Justice, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America, 18 Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom, 19 Health for a Green New Deal, London, United Kingdom, 20 Saving Tuvalu, Funafuti, Tuvalu


This paper scrutinizes the key discourses present in the policy texts about women subject to violence in Morocco in order to examine the macrostructures that constitute the backbone of these documents. The overall objective is to see whether the discourse prevalent in the policy environment and articulated in a specific document named "Tamkine" opposes or agrees with the human rights discourse. It will be shown that the official government and the human rights one constitute two different poles in their approach to gender violence in Morocco.


Objective: The aim of this paper is to report the occurrence of obsessional symptoms with risperidone treatment in a patient with no past history of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Clinical picture: A 26–year-old, single, Chinese lady with a chronic untreated schizophrenic illness was prescribed risperidone after she experienced side effects with other antipsychotic medication. After the second week on risperidone, she developed obsessional symptoms. Treatment and Outcome: The obsessional symptoms responded to treatment with low dose clomipramine. Conclusion: The potential for the newer antipsychotic medication to precipitate or exacerbate obsessive-compulsive symptoms during treatment for schizophrenia must be borne in mind.


A method and apparatus is provided for generating or providing any of various types of modifications purposely made to generally known signals, waveforms, conditions, functions, etc. The modifications are sensed, read, detected or interpreted to provide a content control command indicative of the difference between the original signal, waveform, condition, functions, etc., and the modified signal, waveform, condition, function, etc. The content control command may be used to provide content control for a content control system, which in turn may provide control of a selected compliant device.


Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis has only recently been described as a cause of paraneoplastic and autoimmune encephalitis (Dalmau et al. 2008). Herein we present a 13-year-old girl with NMDAR encephalitis characterized by acute mania at onset, which was initially misdiagnosed as a primary psychiatric disorder. No evidence of a tumor was found. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was administrated (table) and full recovery occurred 19 months after onset.


Abstract Exposure to light combined with fluctuations in relative humidity causes the formation of microcracks in the surface of Asian lacquer, which is associated with loss of gloss. Increasing severity of microcracks results in incremental loss of surface and decoration. This paper presents four case studies of the conservation of photodegraded Asian lacquer surfaces that required balancing ethical considerations, current knowledge of the objects, their condition, intended use, and long-term preservation. These treatments encompassed the use of Paraloid B72 and the lacquer-based treatments urushi-gatame and suri urushi. In each case a unique set of challenges was resolved using a treatment plan customized for each object.


In recent years, data-driven methods have shown great potential for the practical application of short-term voltage stability (STVS) assessment. However, most existing research works overlook the problem of sample imbalance and overlap in STVS assessment. To tackle this issue, a novel self-adaptive data-driven method for real-time STVS is proposed in this study. First, min-redundancy and max-relevance (mRMR) is employed for feature selection to reduce the computational burden. Taking the key features as inputs, a cascaded LightGBM (CasLightGBM) model is constructed to mine STVS informatization. Based on the LightGBM and cascaded structure, CasLightGBM can enhance the assessment accuracy without sacrificing the assessment earliness. Then, focal loss (FL) is embedded into both offline and online phases of the CasLightGBM to mitigate the loss of accuracy caused by sample imbalance and overlapping, thus deriving a highly comprehensive and reliable classification model for real-time STVS assessment. Extensive numerical tests are conducted on the IEEE 118-bus system, and the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional algorithms and exhibits favorable robustness to measurement noise.


Our research addresses one of the most conspicuous and enduring issues facing IT practitioners: how to align a firm's IT resources with its business needs. Past work in this area has been largely atheoretical and sometimes inconsistent. We seek to provide an internally consistent explanation of how organizations achieve alignment and thereby improve business performance. Our work differs from past work in that we view IT alignment as a dynamic process, drawing on the lenses of three well-supported, overarching theories that have dominated organizational-level research over the past decade: institutional theory, punctuated equilibrium theory, and complexity theory. Our study seeks to contribute by conducting the first multi-theoretic study of how IT alignment evolves, providing the first comparison of institutional theory, punctuated equilibrium theory, and complexity theory, and using a novel methodology that combines dual-case methods with simulations.


Links to books that are available at the Columbia State Community College Libraries, as well as additional public and academic libraries from the surrounding area.


Objective This study is to investigate whether there is the implicit well- being effect of women left in rural areas.Methods Randomly selected 37 women left in rural areas living in Rongjiang County Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous city Guizhou province,and Implicit Association Test were used to examine the implicit well- being. Results ①The reaction in incompatible task was significantly higher than the reaction in compatible task(t = 5. 448,P 0. 001). ②The reaction in incompatible task and the reaction in compatible task were not significant differences on age and whether having divorced or not( t = 1. 025,P 0. 05;t =0. 984,P 0. 05). Conclusion ①The women left in rural areas exist the implicit well- being effect. ②The implicit well- being effect of women in rural areas was not significant differences on ages and whether having divorced or not.


Abstract Purpose: Recently, the Connective Tissue Oncology Society published consensus guidelines for recognizing ultrarare sarcomas (URS), defined as sarcomas with an incidence ≤1 per 1,000,000. We assessed the outcomes of 56 patients with soft tissue, and 21 with bone sarcomas, enrolled in Phase 1 trials. Experimental Design: In this Sarcoma-Matched Biomarker Analysis (SAMBA-102 study), we reviewed records from patients on Phase 1 trials at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 2013 and June 2021. Results: Among 587 sarcomas, 106 (18.1%) were classified as URS. Fifty (47%) were male, and the median age was 44.3 years (range, 19–82). The most common subtypes were alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), chordoma, dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, and sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. Compared with common sarcomas, median OS was similar 16.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 13.6–17.5] versus 16.1 (95% CI, 8.2–24.0) in URS (P = 0.359). Objective response to treatment was higher in URS 13.2% (n = 14/106) compared with common sarcomas 6.9% (n = 33/481; P = 0.029). Median OS for those treated on matched trials was 27.3 months (95% CI, 1.9–52.7) compared with 13.4 months (95% CI, 6.3–20.6) for those not treated on matched trials (P = 0.291). Eight of 33 (24%) molecularly matched treatments resulted in an objective response, whereas 6 of 73 unmatched treatments (8.2%) resulted in an objective response (P = 0.024). Clinical benefit rate was 36.4% (12/33) in matched trials versus 26.0% (19/73) in unmatched trials (P = 0.279). Conclusions: The results demonstrate the benefit of genomic selection in Phase 1 trials to help identify molecular subsets likely to benefit from targeted therapy.


Introduction: Melanocytoma is a rare benign stationary tumor that usually appears as a pigmented lesion on the optic disk. Optic Disc Melanocytoma (ODM) can compress the optic nerve or undergo necrosis, leading to ischemic axonal loss and visual field defect, similar to those caused by glaucoma. Also, ODM often displays a clinical diagnostic dilemma due to its similarities with melanoma. Some patients have undergone enucleation because of uncertainty between both pathologies. Progressive growth and malignant transformation can be documented by close monitoring of the patient's eyes. Fundus examination and ancillary imaging procedures such as fundus photo, autofluorescence, B-scan ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography, and spectral-domain optic coherence tomography are powerful tools for ODM diagnosis and management. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old female presented with a decrease in vision in the left eye for about 3 months. Her visual acuity was 20/20 and 20/80 in her right and left eyes, respectively. Funduscopic examination of the left eye showed a well-defined deeply pigmented brownish-black, dome-shaped nodular mass covered the entire optic disc with the normal-appearing overlying vitreous, macula, and surrounding retina. Short-wave autofluorescence revealed hypo-autofluorescence on the pigmented mass lesion. The patient's condition did not change significantly over 2 years of follow-up. The diagnosis was made as ODM. Conclusions: Melanocytomas grow very slowly over several years or remains stable, in contrast to malignant melanoma. Although ODM tends to have benign behavior, it may adversely affect visual function. Yearly fundus examination is necessary for monitoring growth and detecting malignant transformation. Visual loss can result from optic neuropathy or retinal vascular obstruction. In suspicious cases, close follow-up with serial fundus photographs is essential, even though the malignant transformation is exceptional.


This article's main objective is to show that the cinematographic is an aesthetic phenomenon of contemporaneity that configures itself in the reception act as an effect of cultural mediation of such a media. It indicates the aesthetic classical model change, anchored on production, to a new model of the social imaginary that highlights the receptive effects on the spectator, rebuilt in an identification process until he gets to the productive and language systems from which the cinema takes advantage in order to reach this target. It is anchored on the reception theories, understood as aesthetic experience categories on its relational feature: subject-object, in the diegetic speech expressed through the narrative action, in the aesthesis – the spectator's perceptive attitude – and through catharsis – reception communicative dimension.


Introduction History is a topic many school-children find repugnant. From stories of lands and times far away, to far removed people (mostly white, mostly men), history is something that kids have a difficult time attaching to their daily lives. In fact, many histories presented in textbooks are removed from any kind of realistic context. It is difficult for anyone, much less children, to relate to "history" presented in this manner [9]. This is especially problematic for groups that are historically underrepresented. Their heritage is clearly just as rich as those of majority groups, but their stories are seldom told, many times even within the group. For instance, a local Atlanta Public School, the Walden school, is 99% African-American and the school is walking distance from the Sweet Auburn historical preservation district. Before last year, however, none of the kids had been to the site or even knew of its existence. Oral history provides one way to capture these stories and help kids understand their importance. This paper discusses a system, American Timewarp (AT), designed to leverage the historical knowledge contained in local and distant communities and create a distributed community of learners. Helping kids appreciate and enjoy history is essential as, in the words of George Santayana, "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." Children with no 2 knowledge of the past will have a more difficult time dealing with today's world, let alone the future. What is American Timewarp? Based on many of the same principles as MOOSE Crossing [2], American Timewarp (AT) is a constructionist [11] virtual community. However, where MOOSE Crossing is a text-only environment where kids learn to program by constructing a virtual world, AT allows kids to learn about history in more graphical surroundings. AT invites kids to "build history" by piecing together oral histories they collect, supplemented by other sources. The histories will be completely built by kids, with senior citizens, historians, and other volunteers aiding them. Teachers will play an editorial role. The intention is to build an environment within which many different points of view on history can be exchanged and discussed. A place where people in different parts of the country can come together and contribute to the history collection process. A place where history comes alive. Audience American Timewarp is designed to with children and seniors at its core. Children bring a fearlessness of computing technology …


persons to be benefited. He will hold it for the person named by the testator, and not merely for the residuary legatee or devisee. But if the will expressly states that the donee is to hold the property on trust it might be thought that there would be no room for fraud, no danger of the donee claiming.the property for himself, and that being so, that there was no reason for the admission of parol evidence at all. The danger which gave rise to its admission in the first class of cases cannot exist. But in a line of decisions beginning with Be Flectwood, the Courts have held that even when property is expressly given by a will to be held on a trust not disclosed by the will the donee must hold it on the particular trust disclosed by the testator and accepted by him, and parol evidence of that trust will be admitted. Of course, if he never accepted the trust, he will hold for the residuary legatee or devisee, or if there is no residuary gift, for the persons entitled on intestacy.


Polluted urban air contains a wide variety of reactive gases and particulate substances. The major sources of these gaseous pollutants are motor vehicle exhaust emissions, electricity power generating stations, factories and agriculture. There are many photochemical interactions between the atmospheric cycles of ozone, nitrogen and sulphur containing species, so that these cannot be studied independently of each other. The climate has a dramatic effect upon levels of pollutants in smog. During episodes of smog, especially when stagnant weather conditions exist, such as caused by the influence of inversion layers, the oxidant compounds which predominate in photochemical smog are ozone, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacetyl nitrate. The most damaging secondary pollutant is ozone. This pollutant is reviewed, along with nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide. The heavy metals, lead and cadmium, are also reviewed, with discussion on health effects and interactions with other pollutants. (non-author abstract)


Recently, we are honored to invite Prof. Jheon for an in-depth interviews, sharing with our readers his insightful views and precious experience as an outstanding administrators of SNUBH.


We present results from a calculation of the electronic structure of the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7. In the calculations fully self-consistent standard LMTO method was used in the atomic sphere approximation in connection with the density functional theory. We give a detailed description of the electronic structure of the compound in terms of energy bands, state densities, charge densities and potential parameters. We also give parameters for a simple tight-binding type model based on our first principles band structure.


We use the theory of oriented matroids to show that any linear embedding of $K_9$, the complete graph on nine vertices, contains a non-split link with three components.


In this paper,a GSM network coverage optimization system is developed in visual C++ development environment,which is based on the COST-231 and hata models,and fits for various kinds of communication environment. The paper outlines the design of system and the implementation of algorithm,detailedly discusses the programming implementation process of downward inclination and pitching angle that was seldom discussed about,implements the automation of coverage regions optimization detecting,emulating,analyzing and optimizing,solves the coverage problem of precise evaluating in GSM network environment,and achieve the goal to optimize the GMS network.


Soybean production was going to decrease year by year. This was caused by the decreasing of field and seed stock. One effort to increase soybean production was through maximizing the seed yield each hectare. This research aimed to know the effect of Rhizobium inoculation dosage and some SP-36 fertilizer dosages on the production and seed quality of Dering variety soybean. This research was held at Wirowongso Village, Ajung District, Jember and Seed Technology Laboratory of State Polytechnic of Jember. This research used randomized block design that was consisted of two factors and 12 treatment combinations. Rhizobium inoculation dosage (R) as first factor was consisted of 0g/1kg seed, 5g/1kg seed, 7g/1kg seed and 9 g/1kg seed. The SP-36 fertilizer dosage (P) as second factor was consisted by 69.5 kg/ha, 138 kg/ha, and 207.5 kg/ha. The result of this research showed that Rhizobium inoculation (R) had a significant effect of the number of root nodule. R1 treatment (5g/1kg seed) gave the highest result on the number of root nodule. SP-36 fertilizer dosage application (P) showed the very significant effect of flowering age, the number of pod-filled, the yield each plant, production each hectare and the weight of 100 seeds. P3 treatment (SP-36 fertilizer dosage 207.5kg/ha) gave the highest result on flowering age. P2 treatment (SP-36 fertilizer dosage 138kg/ha) gave the highest result on the number of pod-filled, the result each plant and production each hectare. P1 treatment (SP-36 fertilizer dosage 69.5kg/ha) gave the highest result on the weight of 100 seeds.


magnetic-luminescent for biomedical applications particles. The present invention relates to a system of particles magnetic luminescent less than 3 microns, in particular exceeding 500 nm, comprising a matrix of porous silicon nanostructure, wherein said matrix comprises pores nanoparticles of magnetic material and silicon nanocrystals and a process for their preparation. Such particles may be functionalized with molecules or groups that allow attachment of biomolecules on its surface, which makes them especially useful in biomedical applications.


An overview of recent research describing adolescent sexual development is presented, including research examining puberty, sexual attitudes and behaviours, and LGBTQ youth and stigma. This overview is placed within the context of the healthy sexual development framework and the four domains of development (physical, social, cognitive, and emotional) incorporated in the Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services' youth policy framework. Finally, recommendations are made for future community mental health research and policy.


A rare complication of rheumatoid arthritis is presented. A patient developed simultaneous extensor paralysis of all 5 digits of one hand due to compression of the posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve by rheumatoid synovium of the elbow joint. By the technics of dye-contrast tendon radiography and electromyography, the extensor paralysis of tendinous origin could be separated from that of a neural defect. Operative decompression was necessary to restore extension. It should be emphasized that in addition to the more common median and ulnar neuropathies of rheumatoid arthritis, rare radial neuropathies should not be overlooked.


Objective: : The objective of the study was to evaluate the immune response to measles vaccine of HIVinfected adults in comparison to HIV non-infected adults. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify adults lacking measles antibodies. 26 HIVinfected patients and 22 controls found to be measles seronegative in the cross-sectional study, received the MMR vaccine. We prospectively followed patients and measured measles antibodies, and cellular proliferative responses against measles antigens. We registered all adverse events at baseline, 3 and 12 months after vaccination. Methods: We determined measles antibodies by ELISA and cellular proliferative response in PBMC's at baseline, and repeated measurements at 3 and 12 months after vaccination. Results: The humoral immune response to the vaccine between HIV-infected adults and the HIVuninfected group was not statistically different at 3 months (81% vs. 86% respectively). One year after vaccination, a higher proportion of HIV-infected adults had lost measles antibodies in contrast to controls. The cellular response was not statistically different between the groups at baseline, 3 and 12 months after immunization despite the waning of antibodies at 12 months. No severe adverse events were observed. Most patients were receiving HAART and had a mean CD4+ cell count of 496 cells/mL. Conclusions: The initial humoral immune response to measles vaccine was not different between HIVinfected adults and HIV-uninfected adults. However, HIV-infected adults have a rapid decline of measles igh C antibodies despite their h


Coccolithophores play an important dual role in ocean biogeochemistry: they use dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the surface for both photosynthesis and coccolith calcification. Stable isotopes in coccoliths are the result of various effects, including different vital effects, allowing hypotheses about the varying active carbon acquisition strategies in response to changing environmental conditions. Understanding the physiological mechanisms that cause these changes remains challenging.

The MIS 12 to MIS 9 interval is a crucial climatic period encompassing changing glacial-interglacial cyclicity and pronounced variations in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Different paleorecords indicate that coccoliths were an important component of the carbonate fraction during this interval, with the outstanding worldwide dominance of the highly calcified coccolithophore species Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica.

The carbon isotopic fractionation during photosynthesis (εp) in alkenones, biomarkers produced by coccolithophores, is a proxy to reconstruct past aqueous CO2 concentration. Here we present a new εp reconstruction spanning this glacial/interglacial interval (460 to 330 kyr) at ODP Site 925 in the western tropical Atlantic. We aim to evaluate the interplay of CO2 and productivity effects on coccolith calcification and stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C) in coccolith calcite integrating these data with the size and thickness of coccolith platelets and the geochemical Sr/Ca record.

The comparison of mean coccolith size with coeval samples from the deeper ODP Site 929 allows the evaluation of the degree of nannofossil dissolution across the interval.


We thank reviewer two for his detailed and constructive comments on our manuscript. We agree with the reviewer that there are many inherent limitations in this type of modelling, and have reworded our results to reflect this, mainly in the discussions and conclusions sections. We have also reworded our title, taking into account the these considerations as well as the on-line comment left by Dr. Gattuso: "Potential future fisheries yields in shelf waters: a model study of the effects of climate change and ocean acidification". A detailed response to specific comments is given below:


Abstract This article presents a new frequency band notch ultra-wideband antenna with compact dimensions. It is shown that with a modified ground plane, antenna dimensions can be reduced without affecting the antenna bandwidth. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 13 mm × 22 mm. Experimental and simulated results of the fabricated antenna are presented. The antenna impedance bandwidth covers the entire ultra-wideband bandwidth from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz except the wireless local area network band. The proposed antenna has an omni-directional radiation pattern over the desired bandwidth. Also, the antenna has a good performance in time domain.


This study focused on changes in nitrite and diethylnitrosamine(NDEA) in dry-cured at different stages of the production process and the effect of initial nitrite content and drying time on residual nitrite level and the formation of diethylnitrosamine.Diethylnitrosamine was undetectable or at a minute level in raw meat and formed and accumulated primarily at the curing stage.The contents of both nitrite and diethylnitrosamine showed a downtrend at the air-drying stage.Furthermore,adding more nitrite to duck meat led to a notable increase in its residual level and diethylnitrosamine formation.


CuGa/In and Cu/Ga/In metal precursor films were deposited by co-evaporation and selenized in situ. Differences were studied by XRF, GIXRD, SEM, EPMA, and SIMS for precursors, partially selenized, and completely selenized films. Solar cells were fabricated from completely selenized absorber films, and were characterized by JV and QE measurements. More intermixing of Cu and Ga was exhibited by CuGa/In, relative to Cu/Ga/In precursors. This caused a lower Ga/(Ga+In) composition near the surface, which led to higher current, lower voltage, and worse photovoltaic performance for CuGa/In. The difference in relative selenization kinetics of Ga and In were not responsible for the evolution of the contrasting Ga/(Ga+In) profiles.


Nowadays, there is a growing need for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for both military and civilian applications accompanied by a broader concept of smart or intelligent ships. In the past decade, various sizes and types of USVs have been developed to satisfy different marine purposes. However, most of the existing USVs are still in small sizes. In the future, large-scale unmanned ships for maritime transportation will be the final state of USVs. This paper focuses on the development phases, design components, and technology challenges of unmanned ships. After reviewing the state-of-the-art literature of research on USVs, the early stages of unmanned ships are categorized as conventional ships, enhanced ships, smart ships, remote-controlled ships, and autonomous ships. The design of unmanned ships is separated into ten components, which are the ground station, the ship station, the guidance, navigation, and control system, the communication system, the data collection system, the hull form, the maneuvering system, the propulsion system, the energy source, and test and measurements. Accordingly, the existing methods and challenges of the developments on unmanned ships are discussed.


We study the role of the linear polarization angle of radiation on the magnetoresistance oscillations in irradiated two-dimensional electron systems. We consider different regimes, from the radiation electric field parallel to the current to perpendicular to it. We obtain, in agreement with the experimental results, that magnetoresistance is sensitive to the orientation of the radiation electric field and that magnetoresistance oscillations (peaks and valleys) decrease from the parallel scenario to the perpendicular one. This is in clear contradiction with previous experimental and theoretical evidences. Here, we present a novel theoretical approach trying to reconcile both scenarios.


The South African War (1899-1902) was the largest war involving Canadian soldiers between Confederation and the First World War. It ignited controversies in Canada that echoed throughout the twentieth century. The war is integral to Sara Jeannette Duncan's The Imperialist (1904) and Cousin Cinderella (1908), two of only a few Canadian novels to depict the war's political and cultural impact on Canada. Although Duncan's novels are typically read as works of late-Victorian social realism, this essay argues that the novels, published in the wake of the South African War, are also quintessential postwar novels concerning ideology and conflict in the nascent twentieth century.


32W CW extended C band SSPA has been developed and qualified for communication payloads in geostationary satellites. The package is made structurally rigid and thermally stable to meet the qualification environment and temperature from −15°C to +65°C. The amplifier utilizes internally matched devices as output power amplifier stages in balanced configuration approach to allow good performance. The design is three tier configuration comprising of Driver amplifier package, High power amplifier package and EPC. Driver amplifier package design is based on low noise, high gain, wide band MMICs followed by medium power amplifier stages. High power amplifier package is realized with balanced configuration approach based on 90° hybrid coupler. 120W Electronic Power Conditioner (EPC) has also been developed and qualified for the SSPA.


Mirror-polished InP(100) samples, n-doped with S atoms to 4 x 10 18 cm -3 , were bombarded with neon, argon and krypton ions. The energy of the ions was varied from 0.5-5 keV at a constant angle of incidence at 41° with respect to the sample normal. The ion dose density for Ne + was 1.8 x 10 16 ions cm -2 and for Ar + and Kr + was 5 x 10 18 ions cm -2 . A low ion current density of 5 x 10 13 ions cm -2 s -1 was used to minimize sample heating. The resulting topography development was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The topography development was quantified in terms of RMS (root-mean-square) roughness using the software of the AFM and analysed as a function of the energy of the bombarded ions. Atomic force micrographs showing various types of topography for some specific ion energies are presented. For each ion species there is a critical energy for which the surface roughness attains a maximum value.


Image mining deals with the extraction of implicit knowledge, image data relationship, or other patterns not explicitly stored in the images. It is an extension of data mining to image domain. The main objective of this paper is to apply image mining in the domain of medical image processing using classification rule generated by metaheuristic algorithms. The parameters used in the metaheuristic algorithms are optimized using genetic algorithm with the aim of improving the accuracy by generating minimum number of rules in order to cover more patterns. Index Terms— Genetic Algorithm, Ant-Miner, Mammogram


During the development of smart weapon's seeker/sensors, it is imperative to collect high quality signatures of the targets the system is intended to engage. These signatures are used to support algorithm development so the system can find and engage the targets of interest in the specific kill area on the target. Englin AFB FL is the AF development center for munitions; and in support of the development effort, the 46th Test Wing (46 TW) has initiated significant improvements in collection capabilities for signatures in the MMW, Infrared and Seismic, Acoustic and Magnetic (SAM) spectrum. Additionally, the Joint Munitions Test and Evaluation program office maintains a fleet of foreign ground vehicle targets used for such signature collection including items such as tanks, SCUD missile launchers, air defense units such as SA-06, SA-8, SA-13, and associated ground support trucks and general purpose vehicles. The major test facility includes a 300 ft tower used for mounting the instrumentation suite that currently includes, 10, 35 and 94 GHz MMW and 2-5(mu) and 8-12(mu) IR instrumentation systems. This facility has undergone major improvements in terms of background signature reduction, construction of a high bay building to house the turntable on which the targets are mounted, and an additional in- ground stationary turntable primarily for IR signature collection. Our experience using this facility to collect signatures for the smart weapons development community has confirmed a significant improvement in quality and efficiency. The need for the stationary turntable signature collection capability was driven by the requirements of the IR community who are interested in collecting signatures in clutter. This tends to be contrary to the MMW community that desires minimum background clutter. The resulting location, adjacent to the MMW tower, allows variations in the type and amount of clutter background that could be incorporated and also provides maximum utilization of the existing tower to mount the instrumentation suite or seeker and the in-place electronic support facilities. Additionally, major equipment improvements in SAM instrumentation and a SAM van have been acquired to provide a mobile SAM signature collection capability.


As examples of the physical investigations which may be made with a swimming pool reactor, studies of the fundamental properties of neutrons, measurements of neutron cross sections, and investigations of the reaction of a neutron with a crystal lattice are discussed. (J.S.R.)


............................................................................................................ III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... IX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................. X GLOSARY .............................................................................................................. XII TABLE OF CASES .............................................................................................. XVI LEGISLATION .................................................................................................... XIX LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. XXI LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................. XXI CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW OF MARKET MANIPULATION IN SAUDI ARABIA: A CASE FOR REFORM ..................... 1 1.


In this paper we quantitatively investigate the implications of a model of consumption risk sharing where infinitely-lived households are subject to exogenous idiosyncratic shocks to their earnings, and where the realization of these shocks are private information. Our theoretical contribution relative to the existing literature is to allow for persistence in earnings. This creates some formidable obstacles to recursive computation of the optimal contract. If the earnings process follows a Markov chain whose state space has N elements, the state space for the optimal dynamic contracting problem has N continuous dimensions and is a nontrivial subset W ⊂ R . Such a problem is prohibitively complex, first because of the dimension of the dimensionality of the state space and, second, because it is difficult to solve for W itself. Our approach is to develop a discrete shock analogue to a first-order approach, interpreting a "local" deviation in the discrete context as a one-step deviation. This approach is based on the conjecture that if one-step deviations from truth-telling are not optimal then no deviations are optimal and truth-telling is optimal. That conjecture can be verified numerically ex post. As it turns out, our approach is able to resolve both of the obstacles in the recursive formulation. First, the state space now has only two continuous dimensions. Second, we show that if the period utility is bounded above and the Markov chain exhibits the monotone likelihood ratio property, then the state space is a convex cone in R, and we provide a complete characterization of the state space. These findings enable us to solve numerically for the optimal contract, and allow us to confront the implications of the model with micro data. For the empirical part of the paper, we plan to use panel data on consumption and income. The requisite data was not available for the United States until fairly recently. However, thanks to the work of Blundell, Pistaferri and Preston, there now exists a data set with both income and consumption; this is made possible by imputing consumption into the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) using empirical relationships estimated on data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey


The third generation mobile network aims at providing present and future Internet services everywhere and at anytime using cellular technologies. This is based on its all-IP core network known as the IP multimedia subsystem which provides end-users with better QoS, charging and integration of different services. However, certain interoperability and interconnectivity limitations still exist, indicating that the convergence of the Internet and 3G networks is still not complete. We provide a prototype-based evaluation on the signalling interworking of end-to-end services across the networks. Our results show crucial performance shortcomings of the standardised approach which requires immediate attention


The invention discloses a truffle wine producing process which comprises the following steps: A: preparing truffle mother liquor, namely immersing truffle with water after crushing the truffle, and obtaining the truffle mother liquor after extraction; extracting for 12-16 hours at temperature of 45-55 DEG C according to a material-liquid ratio (mass ratio between the truffle and the water) of 1:4-1:6, filtering and concentrating the extracting solution till the ratio between truffle mass and truffle mother liquor volume is 1:1; and B: blending the truffle wine, namely mixing the truffle mother liquor, tartary buckwheat wine (alcohol content of 60%vol) and water according to a ratio of 10-20%:63-87%:3-7% (volume ratio), and then carrying out filtration. The truffle wine produced by the process is clear and transparent, does not have suspended substances, overflows fungus fragrance and has the special fragrance of the truffle wine; from the nutrient angle, the truffle wine is rich in total amino acid and polysaccharide, contains special effective components of the truffle and has an appropriate nutrient ratio; in addition, the truffle wine organically combines the effective components of the truffle with common wines, and has special nutrients and particular flavor.


Inasmuch as heroin is metabolized and excreted as morphine, 8 chemical procedures for the detection of users of morphine or heroin are generally based on the demonstration of morphine in the urine. In our opinion, previously-reported, thinlayer chromatographic methods for the detection of morphine in urine *• 7 fail to resolve morphine sufficiently from other narcotics or from metabolites of phenothiazine drugs unless they resort to more than 1 developing system. The procedure described in this paper uses a single developing system, accompanied by a series of chromogenic spray reagents, making possible a rapid and relatively specific identification of morphine extracted from urine.