This article analyzes the terms in the field of tourism and the structure of the lexeme field which have a higher priority than the terms of the mono lexeme, which is a feature of European terminology. The predominance of verbose terms is explained by the relative proximity of lexicalunits of this thematic group in bothUzbek and English languages


In February 2007, a voracious new invasive pest—the light brown apple moth from Australia, dubbed LBAM—was identified in Berkeley, California. The insect9s larvae feed on more than 2000 plant species, from apples, grapes, and berries to cypress trees. The California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) launched a program of aerially spraying a pheromone to disrupt the insect9s mating. But those efforts prompted a red-hot public ruckus, forcing the state to shift to a plan to release zillions of sterile moths to achieve the same ends. James Carey of the University of California, Davis, a prominent opponent of California9s efforts to eradicate Medflies in the early 1990s, has surfaced once again as a relentless voice of dissent. His core argument is essentially the same. Contrary to the agriculture agencies9 view that the moth is a new and vanquishable arrival, he thinks it was established long ago and is too widespread to wipe out. The idea of a long-standing invasion can9t be discounted, yet it is hard to prove or disprove. But it is Carey9s take-no-prisoners style, as much as his bold scientific interpretations, that has riled agriculture officials from Sacramento to Washington, D.C.


The pressures of merit pay and somewhat lead to teachers teaching an "exam-oriented education"model.The combination of students learning but without actual training,lack of co-operative learning,lack of inquiry learning and lack of creative exploration lead to a severe depression in the creative ability of the students and high emotional distress.Now,the importance of college English is increasingly prominent,so college English teaching reformation is imperative.The core of the "Student-centered Teaching"is to make the students developing the maximum in all fields,this means the pursuit of efficient teaching.In the process of college English Teaching,combining with the actual class teaching,integrating the existing teaching resources,carrying out the "Student-centered"can promote the student's development in all aspects furthest to meet the social demand for talents.


Need of introducting test technologies which can't develop apart of other pedagogical technologies is viewed. Author proved that test technologies can increase the quality of teaching, will give to a student an opportunity to control present knowledge from different disciplines. Substantial, technological and technical requirements to tests which are an important condition of modern social and personal oriented education are also viewed.


Over the last twenty years, archaeological and archaeometrical research implemented in France has made it possible to define the various stages of the chaine operatoire in iron and steelmaking as well as the indicators that are linked to them (archaeological structures, wastes). These studies reveal that the chaine operatoire may (or may not) split in space and time, but may also contain varying degrees of intensity (mini-maxi production). This implies that the production sites can be from different natures: they may include partial or complete chaine operatoire, and are part of a social context (e.g., rural, urban, specialized, or domestic craft). The relationships within the chaine operatoire create links between the sites and form a technological, economic, and social network through trade in semi-finished and manufactured products. The evolution of these networks must be studied by taking into account the cultural and political contexts of each period to draw up a coherent understanding of this organization. The determination of site activities (smelting, refining, elaboration, consumption, recycling), as well as intensity, allow a dynamic cartography of these activities, both synchronic and diachronic, to be realized. The physicochemical linkages between the ore, the smelting slag, the post-smelting slag, and the metal produced make possible an eventual understanding of the connection between sites that are part of the same exchange network. This in turn reflects the regional development of metallurgical organization and the trade in iron semi-products and manufactured goods. The typological attribution (morphology, level of impurities, iron/carbon composition, phosphorus contents, etc) of semi-products worked on the forging sites also makes it possible to refine the vision of what circulate and of what the sites acquire. Thus, an archaeological and historical study of these data can structure the relative image we have of these relations in the various periods.


A change in systolic blood-pressure was observed during the first 10 minutes of a series of successive measurements made in the supine posture. On the average this was a fall. The experimental findings are presented as group average plots and as frequency curves. Experiments in which manipulation, nervousness, and rest following activity were controlled suggested that none of these was the cause of this fall.

The fall was produced by the change from the erect to the supine posture.

The probable mechanism of the change and its significance in estimating resting blood-pressure in an individual are discussed.

No comparable change was observed in diastolic blood-pressure.


We have now spent the major part of five summers in this region, articles having been published in the AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL on the itinerary and pteridophytes collected in 1912, 1913, and 1914. See literature cited at the end of this article (6), (7). It has been thought best to assemble the various collections as well as possible this year, as the amount of material secured on these various trips and the number of localities visited will enable us to publish a fairly comprehensive and complete list of the flora of a considerable part of Ontario lying to the north and northwest of Lake Superior. During 1916 we went again to Sioux Lookout, about two hundred miles northwest of Lake Superior, remaining there over a month and working that region over quite thoroughly. In 1917 we spent the first half of the summer along the line of the Canadian Northern Railway, east of Lake Nipigon, stopping first at Longuelac, a station at the north end of Long Lake, and distant about seventy-five miles east of Lake Nipigon and an equal distance north of Lake Superior. This region is one of little relief, there being much spruce muskeg from which rise the low rounded hills and rolling lands of rounded rocks and glacial soils. The second stop of 1917 was at Jellicoe, about half way between Longuelac and Lake Nipigon, approximately on the divide between the Hudson Bay and the Lake Nipigon drainage; the region being one with extensive sand-plains (glacial terraces) from which rise rounded rocky hills of considerable size and into which the Blackwater River has excavated a deep and often lake-like channel. There are also numerous smaller


This article,using multistage BP neural network to carry on the negative pressure wave law,pro-(poses) one kind of the method to monitor and recognize the revelation of the oil transmission,introduces the sorter algorithm of using the multistage BP network to deal with oil revealing transmission and the network structure,and provides the classified result in view of the theory simulated signal and the classified recognition result in view of the actual oil transmission revealing signal.


Song in gold pavilions offers a wide selection of the writings of the composer and pianist Ronald Stevenson. This volume contains writings on his music, British music as well as on the music of the continental traditions.


The optimal extraction conditions and extraction efficiency of red pigment from Liquidambar formosana leaves were determined by L9(34) orthogonal test and Duncan's multiple range tests.The results showed that the highest extraction efficiency of red pigment was 82.3% and obtained when 50%vol C2H5OH solution was used for extraction with solid-liquid ratio of 1∶40(w/v) at 80℃ for 30min.


The occurrence of cumulus gabbro in the Hidaka Metamorphic Belt has been noted in the Western Zone of the Metamorphic belt as cumulus series of dunite-wehrlite-troctolite-olivine gabbro-anorthosite and various amphibolites which were obducted westward (Miyashita and Hashimoto, 1975). Besides the Western Zone gabbro series, many small bodies of cumulus gabbros have been known as fault bounded blocks throughout the whole metamorphic belt in the Axial and Eastern zones (Hashimoto, 1975). The Ameyama gabbro which occurs as an outlier of the metamorphic belt, is described and is compared with the Western Zone gabbros. Diabase which is accompanied by the Ameyama gabbro is also described. The chemical characteristic of the diabase show that it is nearly the same as the Hidaka Western Marginal Zone diabases but a slight difference in the trend of differentiation is revealed.


In a digital simulation researsh of dynamic capability of the waterwheel generator of multi-section circular arc limited martingale,this paper presents a theory and method of a momentary field-vortex.Ic studies the effect of opposite movement between the stator and rotor,nonlinearity of magnetical material,in the vortex of the damed winding etc.It avoids the hard problem,by fixing parameters in the mothod of equivalent circurt,but just according to the geometric size and material characteristic of the generator,has developed a digital simulation software of a dynamic process of a large-scale waterwheel(gaswheel)generators.


The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical engineering materials and relates to a long-acting waterborne nanometer attapulgite clay/epoxy anticorrosive coating material and a preparing method thereof. Organic modified nanometer attapulgite clay particles and waterborne epoxy resin are adopted to obtain waterborne nanometer attapulgite clay/epoxy composite resin in an in situ polymerization method or blending method, then are blended with non-essential waterborne blend resin, non-essential waterborne epoxy hardeners, non-essential water, non-essential pigments and fillers and non-essential coating auxiliaries, then are cured to form a film at temperature of 5-300 DEG C, and accordingly the waterborne nanometer attapulgite clay/epoxy anticorrosive coating material is obtained. The waterborne anticorrosive coating material is good in corrosion resistance, high in mechanical strength, good in transparency and weather resistance and excellent in construction performance. Compared with the waterborne epoxy anticorrosive coating not added with the organic modified nanometer attapulgite clay particles, service life of the long-acting waterborne nanometer attapulgite clay/epoxy anticorrosive coating material is improved by 20-40%, has a long-acting corrosion resistance, and can be used in the fields including metal corrosion resistance and architectural decoration.


Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is a dedicated short range communication (DSRC) technology that enables a physically linked world where every object is identified, catalogued, and tracked through the use of a RFID tag, comprised of an IC (Integrated Circuit) chip and antenna that sends information to the RFID reader in response to a wireless probe. In contrast to barcodes, RFID does not require line of sight or contact between readers (also known as interrogators) and tagged objects. The main advantages of RFID systems are price efficiency and accuracy of stock management. In addition to emerging applications in retail and distribution, RFID has gradually been adopted and deployed in other service industries, including aircraft maintenance; baggage handling; laboratory procedures; security; and healthcare. Although RFID technology has obvious advantages, including increased visibility and fast identification, there are still some problems, including limitation of RFID tag's hardware storage and memory; threat of counterfeiting; and other security and privacy issues (Juels, 2006). This study focuses on the counterfeiting problem of RFID technology in supply chain management (SCM). This problem appears as RFID tag cloning and fraud attacks (Gao et.al, 2004) that lead to financial losses and loss of trust and confidence. The RFID tag cloning and fraud attacks can hinder the adoption and acceptance of RFID technology (Choi et.al, 2008; Lehtonen, 2007). Therefore trust management plays an important role as an instrument of decision making whether a system is worthwhile to be used with a minimal risk (Kutvonen, 2005). The tradeoff of trust is considered against risk handling, security and privacy management. The significance of trust in the new emerging ubiquitous technology in a context of RFID is critical. Supply chain involves open network connectivities, physical products transportation, and transaction management, where trust counts in the selection of partners; the selection of software and hardware infrastructure; as well as the adoption of communication systems (Derakshan et.al, 2007). Public acceptance of RFID implications systems is still an open question due to its current limitations and vulnerabilities, (Lehtonen, 2007). In our previous work (Mahinderjit-Singh & Li, 2009; Mahinderjit-Singh & Li 2010), we proposed a novel seven layers trust framework for RFID-enabled supply chain management (SCM). Our seven-layer trust framework provides an approach to establish trustworthiness of large scale tracking systems and


Article outlines seven-decade career that started under Rabi at Columbia. Article outlines seven-decade career that started under Rabi at Columbia.


This paper presents a method for stochastic prediction of voltage sags caused by faults in a power system. The area of vulnerability must be determined to estimate the expected sag frequency (ESF) at a sensitive load site. However, the area of vulnerability is not easy to identify in a large meshed network. In the paper, the residual phase voltage equations for balanced and unbalanced faults are presented, and an efficient method to determine the area of vulnerability in a large meshed network is described. An ESF estimation method based on information technology industry council (ITIC) curve is also described. The developed method was applied to the IEEE 30-bus test system.


At about eleven times after application of tri-allate, ethoprophos and parathion to a sandy soil, their rates of volatilization were determined by the aerodynamic method (AD), the Bowen-ratio method (BR), the theoretical-profile method (TP) and the Box method. The volatilization was highest for tri-allate and lowest for parathion. On the first day after application, the volatilization rate decreased sharply, but thereafter the decrease was more gradual. The differences in volatilization rate as determined with the AD, BR and TP methods were comparatively small. The rates determined with the Box method were mostly lower than those determined with the other methods.


Hippodamus and the plan - It was with singular anticipation that in his writings on Hippodamus Aristotle placed social and spatial control in relation to each other: in this perspective planning is not only the art of building a city, but it is also a tool of government and the spatial order produced by planning is presented as an instrument of social control. The name Hippodamus is associated with a checkerboard urban layout, known as a 'Hippodamus' grid'. Hippodamus was not the inventor of the grid which had been in use many centuries before him, but he can be considered as the inventor of planning, if it is defined as an instrument of social control through the control of space. The exercise performed on Hippodamus is designed to underline the association between a grid and constitution and to identify the political nature of planning practices in motives that are more radical than those normally recognised for it. It is also an attempt to ask questions about the criteria that govern planning action and to identify the elements that characterise it in order to condense them into a concept of planning, whose independence does not divorce planning actions from political designs. The paper concludes with the basics of a theory of social order planning.


Parameters of gas exchange and pulmonary circulation were measured in five healthy test subjects during 120-day head-down tilt test and early recovery. During the first half of the bed rest study CO2 tension in arterial blood increased significantly. During the second half of the study oxygen and carbon dioxide tension decreased significantly. The mechanisms of these changes are discussed.


Combined with high precision on two body decay pions and the unique features of hypernuclear electro-production mechanism, a new experiment aims to effectively access the hypernuclear continuum which offers insight on a wide range of light hypernuclei with variety of possible (Z, A) combinations via production of hyper-fragments. Precise binding energies of various hypernuclear species allow us to address on most of the leading puzzles and inconsistencies and may lead to new important discoveries and findings.


The aim of this study was to investigate whether FOXO1 and FOXO3 mRNA expression in granulosa cells is the cause of unexplained infertility.


Results: Two hundred thirty seven eyes of 180 patients received IVTA during the study period. The mean age of patients was 50.86 ± 10.62 years with gender distribution of 99 male and 81 female. One hundred seventeen (49.36%) out of 237 eyes showed raised IOP after IVTA. Fifty two (21.94%) eyes showed an IOP between 25-30 mmHg while 65 (27.42%) had IOP of > 30 mm Hg. Successful control of IOP was defined as an IOP of less than 21 mm Hg. Thirty-four (29.05%) eyes were controlled with single beta-blocker therapy (Timolol maleate 0.5%) and 69 (58.97%) eyes were brought into control with combination therapy (Timolol maleate 0.5% + Dorzolamide 2%). Additional 4 (3.41%) eyes required Prostaglandin analogue (Latanoprost 0.005%) along with combination therapy for IOP control. Another 4 (3.41%) eyes were controlled with Argon laser trabeculoplasty and full medical treatment and remaining 6 (5.12%) eyes settled down with trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin-C. Conclusion: Although IVTA is a cost-effective therapeutic agent against various choroidal and retinal disorders, 50% of the patients developed raised IOP > 21 mm Hg. Half of these patients required multiple drugs and almost 5% needed surgical intervention to control IOP under 21 mm Hg.


Organisational learning is assumed to be a part of creating improved work processes in an organisation. This type of learning can be difficult to achieve in operational and reactive work environments. Challenges in observable causality, time constraints and complex external conditions means that the operational control room is one of those reactive work environments. There is a need for a system that can improve organisational learning in the challenging environment of the operational control room. The system must create conditions for feedback and evaluation in the operational control room in order to succeed.

In this study a manual is created and applied to generate a feedback system, which responds to the control room's needs. The manual is designed to address the specific conditions that apply in a generic control room. The study was divided into two parts; the first part consisted of a literature review of organizational learning, evaluation and feedback. This was combined with a field study of various control rooms. Knowledge gained from the literature review and the field study was combined to create the manual. Part two of the study consisted of a evaluation of the developed manual on a case company in the Swedish railway industry. An analysis of the case study led to an improved version of the manual.

This approach generated both tangible and academic results. The tangible result is a feedback system created using the manual on the case company. The academic results are a new combination the research topic organizational learning and the empirical field of operational control rooms. These have provided a greater understanding of the challenges related to learning that is in operational control room. The authors believe that the manual can be used to develop organisational learning in control rooms in the future.


Poster: "ECR 2011 / C-0070 / Introducing Volume Cardiac CT imaging into the management of patients coming through the Rapid Access Chest Pain Clinic - a UK Pilot Study" by: "S. Hussain, M. Djearaman, E. Hoey, L. Morus, G. Murray; Birmingham/UK"


The temporal variations of SPS:Sb transmission are measured within a 10 orders of magnitude time range (from a few nanoseconds to ten seconds) with a red diode laser beam, after illumination of the sample with a nanosecond pulse of green light. The measurements revealed a sequence of darkening and bleaching processes that are sensitive to the intensities of pre-illumination and testing beams, or the sample temperature, or both. This allowed for identifying particular nonlinear processes that manifest themselves in changes of transmission.


Policymakers are considering ways of providing more opportunities for students and their parents to exercise choice in ,public education. This report provides background information on current public school choice programs and proposals, and an analysis of selected issues related to this topic. The first part of the paper presents background information describing selected examples of current public school choice programs, reviewing the calls for greater choice in public schools that have appeared in recent education reform reports and that have been made by ;he Bush Administration, and delineating how current Federal programs support choice. The next part presents an analysis of issues related to providing greater choice opportunities in public schools discussed under the following headings: (1) effects of choice programs; (2) implementation issues; and (3) the context of school choice. The final part offers a brief synthesis of the findings and considers possible alternatives to the choice programs currently under debate. (SI) **************** ***** ****************************** ****** ************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******* ******* *********************************************************


? Objective To learn the occurrent frequency and regularity of diarrhea in Hami district. Methods According to the unified projects of Municipality, the samples were collected and tested with the same methods. Result There were 3 401 patients (940 64/ 100 000) reported in 50 monitored spots on May 1 to Sep 30 in 2002, in which the main kinds of diarrhea included infection diarrhea (35 93%), bacillary dysentery (13 05%) and others (51 02%). The diseases occurred on May and got fastigium during July and October. The age of the patients was mainly concentrated on 0-4 and 30-34 years old. The number of the male patients was higher than female, and most of the patients were children, farmers and workers inhibited dispersedly. Any kinds of positive diarrhea bacterias had not been inspected in the city rivers, drinking water, dejecta in toilet, food and the dejecta of animals in the district. Conclusion There were no any kinds of epidemic diarrhea diseases occurred in Hami District in 2002. The incidence of bacillary dysentery was close to the last year. But we should strengthen the prevention,especially in children, and should choose more sensitive medicine to ensure the curative effect. 〔


Fibers of nylon-11 annealed in contact with formic acid (90%) have the same unit cell as solution grown crystals; the basal planes of the lamellar crystals are parallel to (ool) crystallographic planes. The melting curves and the stress-strain curves of such annealed fibers are presently reported. The temperature corresponding to the maximum of the melting peak increases with the annealing temperature: an increase of 10°C is observed although the long spacings keep the constant value of 12 nm. Lower elastic modulus but higher strains are obtained with increasing annealing temperatures. Such annealed samples can undergo large extension without occurrence of necking and plastic flow.


Dr Riis provides a cool Nordic analysis of scientific dishonesty and concludes that there is a need for a national independent control body that should take initiatives for strong preventative action.1 I disagree.

There is no real evidence that scientific dishonesty is on the increase. Even if it were, it does not matter. Unsound data are already published for a variety of reasons, the chief of which are unsound methodologies and …


Objectives : This study aimed to understand the influence of acupuncture on the human body by comparing changes within human bodies before and after people in normal health are treated with acupuncture at the acupoints HT7 and PC9, which are related to mental functions. Methods : The study was performed from January 3, 2008 to March 5, 2008 on 60 healthy males and females in their 20s. HRV, EEG, skin conductance response, respiration and peripheral skin temperature were measured for 5 minutes before acupuncture simulation was applied to the acupoints HT7 and PC9. During 20 minutes of acupuncture treatment, the same items were continuously measured to determine whether there had been any changes, and they were then measured for 5 minutes after the removal of the acupuncture needles in order to implement a comparative analysis. Results : 1. The HRV measurement showed that in the course of before, during and after acupuncture stimulation, heart rate, HF and HF norm decreased significantly (P0.05), while heart rate, HF and HF norm decreased significantly (P wave decreased significantly (P wave increased significantly (P


Vacancy-ordered double perovskites are attracting significant attention due to their chemical diversity and interesting optoelectronic properties. With a view to understanding both the optical and magnetic properties of these compounds, two series of Ru halides are presented here; A2RuCl6 and A2RuBr6, where A is K, NH4, Rb or Cs. We show that the optical properties and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) behaviour can be tuned through changing the A cation and the halide. Within a series, the energy of the ligand to metal charge-transfer increases as the unit cell expands with the larger A cation, and the band gaps are higher for the respective chlorides than for the bromides. The magnetic moments of the systems are temperature-dependent due to a non-magnetic ground state with Jeff = 0 caused by SOC. Ru–X covalency and, consequently, the delocalization of metal d-electrons result in systematic trends of the SOC constants due to variations in the A cation and the halide anion. Remarkable developments in perovskite-based photovoltaics over the last decade have driven the discovery of a wide range of new halide perovskites and related solids.[1–4] These include 3D perovskites with different divalent metals (i.e., PbII and SnII),[5,6] 3D double perovskites with a combination of univalent and trivalent metals (i.e., KI/BiIII and AgI/BiIII),[7,8] as well as low dimensional 2D,[9] and 1D perovskites.[10] Progress in this area has also rekindled interest in K2PtCl6-type vacancy-ordered double perovskites, comprising isolated metal halide octahedra interspersed with monovalent cation. For example, the vacancyordered halides of SnIV,[11] SeIV,[12] TeIV,[13,14] and TiIV,[15] have shown to be promising photovoltaic materials. The analogous variants of heavier transition metals such as PtIV,[16,17] and PdIV,[18] have also been reported. Separately, there has been significant interest in the single-ion physics of vacancy-ordered double perovskites and related systems of heavy transition metals. Some progress has been made in this direction on ReIV (5 d3),[19,20] OsIV (5 d4),[21,22] and IrIV (5 d5),[23] halides, with the last two exhibiting strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects. The ability to tune the strength of SOC can give rise to a plethora of ground states of interest to quantum sensing and computing.[24] The physics of ruthenium has especially captured the attention of the quantum computing community. Recently, layered α-RuCl3 has emerged as a potential candidate for the Kitaev quantum spin liquid owing to its spin-orbit entangled Jeff = 1/2 honeycomb lattice.[25–27] While not many oxides of RuIII are known,[28] there exists an extensive literature on RuIV oxides showing unusual properties such as unconventional superconductivity (Sr2RuO4), and itinerant ferromagnetism (SrRuO3 and BaRuO3). A few RuIV halides have also been explored. The temperature-dependent magnetism of (NH4)2RuCl6 was reported,[32] and we have recently demonstrated the singleion behavior of the hybrid (CH3NH3)2RuX6 (X = Cl or Br) compounds.[10] The magnetism of some alkali-metal hexahaloruthenates(IV) was reported,[33] but no dependence on the identity of the alkali-metal or the halide was noted. The crystal structures of the alkali-metal and ammonium hexahaloruthenates(IV) have not been reported, except for those K2RuCl6 and (NH4)2RuCl6. Furthermore, while electronic structure calculations have suggested optical tuning through the A cation and the halide in related vacancy-ordered double perovskites,[15,35] there has been no experimental demonstration of this effect with respect to the A cation. Here we report two series of vacancy-ordered double perovskites of RuIV halides; A2RuCl6 and A2RuBr6, where A is K, NH4, Rb or Cs. The synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, structural evolution with the A cations and halides, and optical and magnetic properties of these compounds are described. Chemical control of optical properties and the strength of SOC is demonstrated. The compounds were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions in excess hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid with RuCl3 as the ruthenium source (see supporting information). The reaction mixtures were heated at 160 oC in 23 mL Teflon-lined stainless-steel Parr autoclaves and cooled slowly to obtain the crystals suitable for the single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) for all compounds except Rb2RuBr6. Figure 1 shows the structures of K2RuCl6 and K2RuBr6 as typical representatives of the A2RuCl6 and A2RuBr6 series (see Figure S1, supporting information for the structures of other


The paper presents some compared aspects of briquettes and pellets used for combustion. Firstly there are specified the general advantages of woody biomass, as renewable source of energy, when the ecological problems at the world level are sharper. It is continued with a presentation of the technical features of briquettes and pellets, some technological items of production and some elements of combustion, with focus on ecological and energetical advantages.


Unrepeatered 80 Gbit/s RZ single channel transmission over 160 km of standard single-mode fiber at 1.55 /spl mu/m is reported using passive compensation of dispersion and dispersion-slope. Error-free transmission (BER=10-9) with a receiver sensitivity of -22 dBm wavelength tolerance of 10 nm was achieved.


Traditional approaches to segmentation have been questioned in terms of their economic efficiency, and found to be ineffective in online environments. The research objective was to identify how market segmentation can be reconceptualized to support decision-making in dynamically changing environments, and where engagement with customers occurs both online and off-line. A value-in-use segmentation methodology was developed through a workshop to address segmentation challenges identified through the case study, and tested against forces anticipated to drive future environments. Its feasibility for implementation was interrogated against records of off-line engagement and data streaming into the case organization's warehouse as customers engaged online.


IT has fallen to my lot this morning, to lay before this conference a viewpoint which is perhaps not sufficiently realized by the profession at large and which makes the work of this committee particularly difficult. The Committee on Industrial Medicine deals with two problems arising from the relationship between emiployee, employer, and attendant physician. The first problem is that of the prevention of disease in industry. This will be particularly dealt with by some of the other papers. The second problem is that of the recognition and treatment, and where possible, prevention of industrial toxications. This problem is a particularly new one, and has not as yet been adequately recognized in this country, but nevertheless we can safely say that we are not lagging greatly behind the rest of the world in this respect. In only one country is the problem clearly realized and this is in Great Britain where owing to a long experience of industrial conditions great progress in its solution has been attained. In Germany too, many steps have been taken and much information accunmulated which is of great value. Let me present one aspect of the matter with two illustrations. In a small town in Ontario there is a confectionery and biscuit manufactory. Some years ago, when my interest in this matter was just being aroused, I was visiting one of the physicians in this town who had


Discrete event simulation has been widely used in construction operation modeling and analysis to measure and improve productivity of construction methods. However, the method has not been applied to Curtain-wall operation which cover 10~15 percent of entire project cost in tall building construction. It is crucial for a project manager to predict the productivity of curtain-wall operation alternatives. To secure the competitive standing in international tall building construction market, it is important to find the best construction operation alternative obtainable from optimum resource combination. Curtain-wall operation model using simulation is proposed to maximize the productivity of curtain-wall operation incorporating with the sensitivity analysis. A case study is presented to demonstrate the validity of the model. using Micro-Cyclone, the optimum resource combinations was found in two different perspectives, that is the cost and duration using sensitivity analysis. This study contributes to improve the productivity of curtain-wall operation by finding suitable resource combination at job-site.


It is known that dogs of small breeds, such as Yorkshire terrier, tend to the pathological delivery, which are often the reason for the reduction or even loss of viability of the puppy. Dogs of this breed in the neonatal age suffer from disorders of the respiratory system, so hypoxia is in 60% of cases. For assessment of the state of neonatal animals, APGAR scale (0–10 points) is used. This scale is adapted for use in veterinary medicine. Monitoring of the state of breed Yorkshire terrier puppies 0–14 days born through cesarean section. It was assessed state of newborn puppies in control and two experimental groups (5 animals in each) by the adapted APGAR scale for 2 weeks: on the birthday, on the 7-th and 14-th day of life.There were recorded hypoxia in varying degrees at puppies of two research groups. It has been found that the development of hypoxia of newborn animals causes a decrease of viability of animals or neonatal mortality. Puppies with diagnosed disorders were subjected to Resuscitation measures.


The present disclosure relates to high molecular weight, monoesterified polyimide polymer. Such high molecular weight, monoesterified polyimide polymers are useful in forming the crosslinked polymeric membranes for separation of a fluid mixture. According to its broadest aspect, a method of making a crosslinked membrane, the following steps: From the reaction solution containing (a) monomer and at least one solvent, phase and preparing a polyimide polymer comprising a carboxylic acid functional group; to form a (b) monoesterified polyimide polymer, the presence of a dehydrating condition, phase and to process the polyimide polymer with a diol at esterification conditions; to form a (c) crosslinked fiber membrane, and a step of subjecting the monoesterified fiber transesterification conditions, dehydrating conditions, the step of (b) at least partially removing the water formed during. Crosslinked film can be used to separate at least one component from a feed stream comprising a plurality of components.


Maglev train is a new vehicle without support wheel and its movement speed is gained through a special measure equipment. The paper proposes a neural network arithmetic for the maglev train speed estimator which combines characteristics of its traction linear induction motor. The result of a dynamic simulation experiment shows that real speed measure is near to theory calculation. This proves that the method is feasible. This method will economize expensive cost for speed measurement of maglev train and reduce system equipment complexity, and also advance work reliability of entire train system.


I believe it necessary to declare right at the beginning, I love slipper lobsters; but then, does not everyone? There is something endearing about these chubby crustaceans with their broad shovel-like antennae, their beady little eyes, and their shy cryptic habits. Maybe it is their common name; who does not treasure their own slippers – sources of comfort since childhood? Yet, for all their attractive qualities, the slipper lobsters, or Scyllaridae, are one of the more poorly understood groups of decapod crustaceans, as the editors of this book, Lavalli and Spanier, tell us in their Introduction chapter. Certainly our knowledge about them pales in comparison to the much more voluminous data on their cousins, the spiny lobsters. Lavalli and Spanier attempt to illustrate much of this variation in their chapter, but one immediately regrets that the photographs here are not large enough or of suffi cient resolution, let alone in color, to be able to truly appreciate their biodiversity. This rest of the volume is divided into two parts: the fi rst dealing with basic biology, the second with matters related to scyllarid fi sheries. This fi rst section is full of all sorts of interesting information. What surprised me at fi rst is how many species are in this group, some 85 living species in 20 genera. By comparison, the much better know spiny lobsters constitute only 47 species in 8 genera. If taxon diversity is a mark of success, then slipper lobsters would appear to have it over the their spiny cousins. A chapter by Webber and Booth provides an effective tabular key down to the level of genera that conveniently fi ts on a single page. A series of nice, albeit little, maps provides summary oversights into distributions, and in the discussion these authors summarize various aspects of scyllarid evolution. However, application of more detailed comparative studies along side molecular systematics will someday provide testable hypotheses about relationships. Our understanding of the taxonomy and evolution of scyllarid lobsters is only in its infancy. There follow short chapters on genetics, early life history, and factors important to larval biology, but the size of these is an indication of the limited state of our knowledge on these subjects. However, the chapter on feeding and the digestive system by Johnston illustrates again a problem with the volume. The text is quite informative and includes observations relevant to both larval and adult forms. However, the photo illustrations, including both SEMs and TEMs, have a certain fuzziness to them. This is not the fault of the author or the editors, but these fi gure do not compare well to similar illustrations to be found in earlier volumes of the Crustacean Issues series. The chapter on behavior by Lavalli, Spanier, and Grasso is amongst the longest in the book and contains a great deal of information. Fortunately, much of this information is summarized in two large tables: one matching life history stages to various aspects of environment and habitat, and the other outlining the functions attributed to the various appendages along with specifi c citations for each proposition. Two smaller chapters dealing with exoskeleton mechanics and growth studies in the genus Scyllarides follow this compendium. Spanier and Lavalli close off this section of the book with an overview of the state of knowledge of these animals. What I like here is that they suggest specifi c research areas that need attention, and they also indicate what techniques should be employed in these investigations. For example, there are astounding gaps in our knowledge of the life cycle of slipper lobsters, and the reproductive biology is still little understood. If the research programs outlined in this chapter are followed, the next volume on slipper lobster biology should be considerably thicker.


Four complementary foods were prepared from local foodstuffs which are maize (Zea mays), soyabean (Glycine max) and banana (Musa acuminate colla). Four complementary samples were produced from the proportion of maize/soyabean/banana composite flours as 60%: 30%: 10% (B), 60%: 25%: 15% (C), 60%: 20%: 20% (D), 50%: 30%: 20% (E) and Nestle Cerelac was the control sample (A). The formulated diets were subjected to nutritional analysis-along with a commonly used proprietary infant cereal (Nestle Cerelac) as control. Standard chemical methods were used to determine the proximate nutrient composition, some micronutrients and anti-nutritional factors. The samples produced have increased nutrients of fibre that enhances digestibility (2.07%-3.11%), protein and ash contents. The supplementation of up to 20% soybean flour and banana flour recorded the best results in terms of proximate and mineral compositions and compared favourably with the control sample, in terms of sensory evaluation using hedonic method, sample A was most accepted but did not differ significantly from sample D. Therefore, nutritious and acceptable complementary food can be produced from fermented maize, soybean and banana flours. Results of molar ratios of some minerals and anti-nutritional factors in the compounded diets suggest that the anti-nutrients will not pose any serious problem in the usage of the complementary diets. The cost of producing the formulated diets is about N50-N100 (50 cents) per gram cheaper than cerelac. The study has therefore, revealed that with proper selection of local foodstuff, it is possible to prepare nutritious complementary diets that would be acceptable, readily available, affordable and nutritionally adequate.


Web page recommendation model traces userspsila Web-surfing trails, extracts the useful information including keywords, Web page URLs and userspsila evaluations on Web pages, and automatically generates FCA (formal concept analysis) knowledge base and enterprise ontology knowledge base with WordNet. While users are surfing, the system reasons based on the above two knowledge bases, recommends those relative Web pages to users and enables enterprise knowledge sharing with social navigation and semantic expansion.


Powerful economic forces operating today are causing an unprecedented decline in U.S. crude supply. This disturbing fact remains inescapable, even though prices have recovered some from the low point they reached during the summer of 1986. The low prices that caused domestic oil production to plunge more than 800,000 b/d between February and December last year are also stimulating an increase in consumption, and causing a rapid growth of oil imports, mainly from OPEC sources. If current price levels persist, continued growth in demand for OPEC oil by the U.S. and other industrial nations can be expected until the current OPEC surplus capacity is largely worked off. This may occur within three to five years. At that point, consuming countries could again be faced with rapidly increasing world oil prices, caused by supply interruptions or other problems reminiscent of the tight markets of the 1970s. A healthy level of domestic petroleum production is one major hedge against the hazards of overdependence on insecure and increasingly costly foreign oil. But current government policies are doing little to prevent the further deterioration of the already weakened U.S. petroleum industry.


Some groups are starting to connect doctors online with payers, hospitals, and other data sources. There are practical benefits, but the obstacles remain formidable.


Continuous technology scaling makes NAND flash cells much denser. As a result, NAND flash is becoming more prone to various interference errors. Due to the hardware circuit design mechanisms of NAND flash, retention errors have been recognized as the most dominant errors, which affect the data reliability and flash lifetime. Furthermore, after experiencing a large number of programm/erase (P/E) cycles, flash memory would suffer a much higher error rate, rendering traditional ECC codes (typically BCH codes) insufficient to ensure data reliability. Therefore, low density parity check (LDPC) codes with stronger error correction capability are used in NAND flash-based storage devices. However, directly using LDPC codes with belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm introduces non-trivial overhead of decoding latency and hence significantly degrades the read performance of NAND flash. It has been observed that flash retention errors show the so-called numerical-correlation characteristic (i.e., the 0–1 bits stored in the flash cell affect each other with the leakage of the charge) in each flash cell. In this paper, motivated by the observed characteristic, we propose REAL: a retention error aware LDPC decoding scheme to improve NAND flash read performance. The developed REAL scheme incorporates the numerical-correlation characteristic of retention errors into the process of LDPC decoding, and leverages the characteristic as additional bits decision information to improve its error correction capabilities and decrease the decoding latency. Our simulation results show that the proposed REAL scheme can reduce the LDPC decoding latency by 26.44% and 33.05%, compared with the Logarithm Domain Min-Sum (LD-MS) and Probability Domain BP (PD-BP) schemes, respectively.


An elaborate literature review was conducted in the area of technology acceptance identifying seminal authors and their views. Several models were examined and three out of theses were chosen based on the popularity in the health care industry. The findings will be presented in this paper, organized in two sections. The first part starts with brief definitions of basic terminology, descriptions and categorization of technology acceptance models. The three most popular contemporary technology acceptance models- (a) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), (b) Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI), and (c) the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) are introduced here to lay the groundwork before they are compared and contrasted, which in turn forms the foundation for the second section. The second part delves into the evaluation of these three contemporary technology acceptance models. Literature in the area of technology acceptance in health care was examined to find the model that best fits in the health care industry.


Improving the state of living is one of the prerequisites of teacher′s development.At present,the village teachers′ living situation in the north of Jiangsu province makes people worried.Based on the results of questionnaire,the paper exposes the living state,both outside and inside,and tries to look for the reasons for it.From the four expects of government,society,school and individual,the writer suggests that great efforts should be made to improve the present village-teachers′ state of living in the north of Jiangsu province.


Methods of palaeoclimate reconstruction from pollen are built upon the assumption that plant–climate interactions remain the same through time or that these interactions are independent of changes in atmospheric CO2. The latter may be problematic because air trapped in polar ice caps indicates that atmospheric CO2 has fluctuated significantly over at least the past 400,000 yr, and likely the last 1.6 million yr. Three other points indicate potential biases for vegetation-based climate proxies. First, C3-plant physiological research shows that the processes that determine growth optima in plants (photosynthesis, mitochondrial respiration, photorespiration) are all highly CO2-dependent, and thus were likely affected by the lower CO2 levels of the last glacial maximum. Second, the ratio of carbon assimilation per unit transpiration (called water-use efficiency) is sensitive to changes in atmospheric CO2 through effects on stomatal conductance and may have altered C3-plant responses to drought. Third, leaf gas-exchange experiments indicate that the response of plants to carbon-depleting environmental stresses are strengthened under low CO2 relative to today. This paper reviews the scope of research addressing the consequences of low atmospheric CO2 for plant and ecosystem processes and highlights why consideration of the physiological effects of low atmospheric CO2 on plant function is recommended for any future refinements to pollen-based palaeoclimatic reconstructions.


Cyclic heptapeptide microcystins are a family of hepatotoxins primarily synthesised by bloom forming cyanobacteria , including Microcystis. Nine cyanobacterial strains were isolated from natural samples collected from eutrophic waterbodies in Japan and identified Microcystis spp. based on microscopical observation of their cell distribution in colonies , colony morphology , and cell sizes. Microscopical observation revealed that isolates possessed cell diameters ranging from 3.3 to 5.8μm , and that , in seven isolates , cells in three-dimensional cluster were aggregated densely in colonies. In contrast , cells were assembled sparsely in mucilaginous sheath in two isolates. Microcystins extracted from these Mic 仰の 'stis cells with 70% (v/v) aqueous methanol 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were analised on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with photodiode-array detection. Microcystin variants were assessed by the results obtained with extracts from Microcystis PCC7813 , 7820 and NIES102 cells in which eight microcystin variants had been previously shown to exist , indicating that eight Microcysf お isolatesproduced not less than seven microcystin variants , microcystin-RR , - YR ,一 LR ,- L Y , - LM , - L W and -LF. It is concluded that nine isolates are divided into four groups , i. e. microcystin-RR producer , microcystin-RR and-LR producer , microcystin-LW and-LF producer , and a unique nontoxic strain.


The described information about the dependence of reproductive ability of meat of cows from their calving time in terms of breeding plants "Ukraine" and "Oasis" Shostka region, Sumy district.


Nutritionist and other health professionals have long recognized the importance of establishing healthful nutrition practices during childhood and early adolescence. Diet and exercise pattern adopted during these development years set the stage for lifelong habit that can mean the difference between vitality and infirmity in later years. This purpose of the study was to assess the consumption of fruits among children in the Tarkwa-Nsuaem municipality of Ghana. The study adopted a descripto-explanatory study design covering a stratified sample of 85 drawn from 165 parents/wards of children under five (5) years in the Takwa-Nsuaem Municipality, Ghana. A self–administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. The study achieved a response rate of 83.75%. From the findings, most of the respondents had knowledge on the health benefits of fruits and more than half of the respondents served fruits to their children in the form of cut, whole, juice and blended or mashed.


Introduction: The Galileo mission revealed that Europa is a differentiated body with surface features including domes, faults and chaotic terrains suggesting the presence of an ocean in between the icy surface and the silicate core. The presence of domes suggests some forms of upwelling (thermal or/and chemical) linked to heat transfer by subsolidus convection in Europa's icy crust. This situation makes Europa a very appealing place for exobiology because life may develop at the interface between the deep water and the silicate core. For the last 5 years, we have developed models of Europa's internal structure and have obtained the following results : tidal forces produce very small amount of heat in the silicate layer and very large amount of heat in an ice shell close to its melting temperature [1]. tidal heating varies in time, latitude and longitude resulting in strongly time dependent convection [2]. tidal heating in the ice layer is large enough to prevent a complete freezing of the ocean without invoking the presence of ammonia [2]. although tidal heating is an internal heating source, hot icy plumes can form at the interface with the ocean due to the strong temperature dependence of ice viscosity [3]. For viscosities in agreement with those measured on terrestrial glaciers, tidal heating may heat up hot plumes leading to partial melting, which may explain the formation of chaotic terrains [4]. Doppler shift measurements on a Europa orbiter should allow us to determine the presence of an ocean and to constrain the thickness of the ice crust [5]


With the tremendous growth in the use of biomedical literature, practitioners have to analyze day to day generated 3D medical images of sonography, MRI scan, CT scan. The idea behind this survey is to study different 3D image concepts and processing methods which will help to create model of 3D image analysis, retrieval in the field of medical domain. A new technique like Hadoop'sMapReduce is used to achieve parallelism in Image processing methods


Much statistical analysis seeks to identify associations between exposures and outcomes. The population attributable fraction (PAF) is an epidemiologic measure widely used to assess the public health impact of exposures in populations. PAF is defined as the fraction of all cases of a particular disease or other adverse condition in a population that is attributable to a specific exposure; PAF equals (O − E)/O, where O and E refer to the observed number of cases and the expected number of cases under no exposure, respectively. The term "attributable" has a causal interpretation: PAF is the estimated fraction of all cases that would not have occurred if there had been no exposure.1 As an example, in early 1950,2 Doll derived O = 11189 and E = 1875 using the Doll and Hill case-control study of smoking and lung cancer deaths throughout England and Wales,3 so the smoking PAF for lung cancer deaths was (11189 − 1875)/11189 = 83%.

Using a cohort study, following Miettinen, we can estimate the PAF from …


We consider the resolution problem of a periodic Riccati equation from the point of view of a generalized boundary problem that lets us reduce the differential problem to an algebraic equation of Riccati type. Sufficient conditions for the existence and calculus of special types of solutions are given.


HIGH PRIORITY ELECTRIFICATION: THE FOUNDATION OF SLOVENIAN ENERGY STRATEGY DURING THE RESTORATION AND CENTRALLY PLANNED SYSTEM (1945-1950) Apart from the politicians it was especially newspapers which strengthened the conviction of inexhaustible energy resources among the population. »The treasures of Prekmurje lie deep underground. What is a ton of wheat, which also grows elsewhere, in comparison with a single oil well? Nothing. That is why fields and meadows give way to oil. (...) Oil is the lifeblood of technology. And we have oil,« wrote the author of an article in the Slovenski porocevalec newspaper. On the basis of available materials the following contribution first looks at the war damages and the resumed production of energy capabilities in the Slovenian space in 1945 and 1946. Then the author analyses the efforts of the planners between 1947 and 1950 to establish a greater co-dependence of energy resources in order to ensure a more extensive and stable energy supply. In his well-argued narration the author also looks at the influence of foreign examples on the shaping of the new organisational model and on the creation of the business models of energy economy. He also examines the connections with the neighbouring electricity industry systems.


Contamination of recirculated subirrigation water with growth retardants poses a potential problem for growers. Eight concentrations of ancymidol or paclobutrazol ranging from 0 to 100 μg.L -1 (0 to 1000 μg.L -1 for petunia) were supplied constantly in subirrigation water to potted plants to identify critical levels at which plant growth is affected. Concentrations of ancymidol resulting in 20% reduction in plant size relative to untreated controls were 3, 10,98,80, and 58 μg.L -1 for Begonia ×semperflorens-cultorum Hort. Gin', chrysanthemum (Dendranthema ×grandiflora Kitam.) 'Nob Hill', Impatiens walleriana Hook f. 'Super Elfin Coral', Petunia ×hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr. 'Madness Pink', and Salvia splendens Sell ex Roem. & Schult. 'Red Hot Sally', respectively. Respective values for paclobutrazol were 5, 24, 17, 390, and >100 μg.L -1 . The results provide useful information for managing potential growth retardant contamination problems or for applying growth retardants in subirrigation water. Chemical names used: α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); (±)-(R * ,R * )-β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).


At this meeting of the RSM's Section of Pathology, the regulation of haemopoietic stem cells and growth factors regulating various cell lines were described, and the role of oncogenes, platelet-derived growth factor and nerve growth factor in growth regulation was discussed.


This report consists of four principal sections for the fabrication of FBGs under prestretched conditions to produce continuous linear and nonlinear chirped (apodized) structures and optimization methods for the reconstruction of the modulation index profile of the gratings, and an optimum search algorithm for grating syntheses with targeted group delay properties. First, we present the design, fabrication and testing of the piece-wise stepped-chirp fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with arbitrary group delay responses using a uniform phase mask under pre-stretched condition. The method involves writing a series of sub-gratings on a pre-stretched fiber whose length is varied during the UV exposure process. Two motorized stages are employed to control the length of the prestretched fiber in order to adjust the grating pitch at each writing step to achieve piece-wise stepped chirping of the FBG. Because the fiber is moved relatively to the phase mask, an apodized index modulation profile of the FBG can be obtained by fiber dithering. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method to produce FBGs with arbitrary group delay responses, a linear-chirp non-apodized FBG and a quadraticchirp apodized FBG were fabricated, and their experimental results agree well with the analytical predictions. Secondly, a novel fabrication method to generate continuous nonlinear chirp fiber Bragg gratings using a uniform phase mask is described when the fiber is under pre-stretched condition. A motorized stage controls the stretched length while scanning of the UV beam. Nonlinear group delay has been observed and a good agreement with the analytical results is obtained. This indicates that the FBG can be used as an effective tuneable dispersion compensator. Thirdly, a new and simple method is report for reconstructing the refractiveindex modulation of a symmetric FBG from its reflectance spectrum that is the


The western Atlantic mud-shrimp Axianassa australis Rodrigues and Shimizu, 1992 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Gebiidea: Axianassidae), known from Florida, Gulf of Mexico and Brazil, is firstly recorded from the state of the Sergipe, NE Brazil, filling a gap in the species distribution along Brazilian coast.


BACKGROUND:  Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are gradually replacing human polyclonal sera as typing reagents. Many blood group specificities, however, are not amenable to classic hybridoma technology. The phage display technology, aimed at isolating peptides or antibody fragments, offers an alternative strategy. Recombinant antibodies derived from this technology would greatly facilitate phenotyping and decrease analysis cost.


Summary We have recently demonstrated that some patients with atypical bipolar affective disorders, characterized by psychotic manias and depressions, have fluctuating and episodic high urinary phenylethlamine (PEA) excretion. We treated a 30 year old woman, who has this disorder, with 200 mg/24 hours of carbidopa. Her psychosis was ameliorated and the urinary PEA output stabilized to a low normal level. Upon withdrawal of carbidopa her psychosis worsened and improved again when carbidopa treatment was reinstated. Carbidopa did not affect the duration or severity of the patient's mood cycles.


This study reveals the significance of social networking sites (SNS) that created vast opportunities for cultural awareness and consumption among youth SNS users in Malaysia. Simplicity and user-friendly features on Instagram had heightened interest and growth of its users where the ability to "hashtag" on Instagram identifies current trends based on user-generated images and videos that enable users to generate search results instantaneously. Researchers have argued that SNS users at present trust peer recommendations more than search engines and this phenomenon is evident from their resonance with "social media influencers" (SMIs) who are capable of influencing massive followers through reviews of products, services and social trends on their social media accounts; particularly on dining out and "cafehopping" as a social experience. This study examined the curation of Instagram posts by SMIs and found that their visibility of content created shared voices and reinforced cultural identities among their followers. The content analysis deployed in this study also investigated feedback on the selected SMI's curation of posts and established that peer engagement is a tangible socialization process that would contribute to the youths' future use of Instagram as a social, cultural and educational tool.


Scholars argue that school suspension causes students to drop out of school, but few have provided evidence of such relationship. Using data from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09), this study estimates the effect of being suspended during or prior to ninth grade on earning a high school diploma. Results suggest that being suspended during or prior to ninth grade lowers one's likelihood of graduating from high school, anywhere from 1.1 to 2.4 percent. Interactions between student race and suspension suggest that the impact of discipline does not differ by race.


The authors consider the problem of model-free control via a reinforcement learning method that uses, as additional learning information, the distance between sampled and represented states, embedded in actions that are the result of a distancewise local interpolation scheme over states. Fast learning and a reduced number of trials resulted, as demonstrated in the real-time control of a magnetic levitation system.


The effects of a controller on the residual wavefront variance in an adaptive optics system can be represented by a discrete-time system. Consequently, the controller design is optimized by the solution of a discrete-time Linear- Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) problem. This paper analyzes the structure of the LQG controller and the effects of varying loop delay and actuator lag on the controller. The loop delay is represented as a delay of actuator commands to emphasize the structure.


We are going to discuss some important classes of nonlinear integral equations such as integral equations of Volterra-Chandrasekhar type, quadratic integral equations of fractional orders, nonlinear integral equations of Volterra-Wiener-Hopf type, and nonlinear integral equations of Erdelyi-Kober type. Those integral equations play very significant role in applications to the description of numerous real world events. Our aim is to show that the mentioned integral equations can be treated from the view point of nonlinear Volterra-Stieltjes integral equations. The Riemann-Stieltjes integral appearing in those integral equations is generated by a function of two variables. The choice of a suitable generating function enables us to obtain various kinds of integral equations. Some results concerning nonlinear Volterra-Stieltjes integral equations in several variables will be also discussed.


This study investigated the contributions of visual orthographic (analogy) and phonological processes in mediating nonword reading in children with dyslexia. Three groups of primary school age children (n=15 in each group) were recruited. The first group were children with dyslexia (mean age 11 years 3 months, mean reading age 8 years 3 months), the second group were chronological age controls (mean age 11 years 3 months, mean reading age 11 years 8 months) and the third group were reading age matched controls (mean age 7 years 11 months, mean reading age 8 years 3 months). All participants were required to read aloud a list of nonwords. Nonwords in the list were derived from paired regular and irregular keywords in which onsets were manipulated to be either phonologically or visually similar to keyword onsets. ANOVAs revealed firstly that children with dyslexia were the least likely to regularise nonword pronunciation and secondly, that all groups displayed an overall preference for words that were phonologically manipulated. These findings have been interpreted within the context of dual-route theory.


After presenting a historical perspective of engineering, the author moves to what engineers do today, to the thinking retained in engineers' management from the past, and finally to what needs to be done to introduce students to the realities of management. It is believed that the management problems engineers will meet in the future will be similar in nature to those encountered in the past, in their lack of a simple, precise answer. Hence, it is believed that the solution of those problems will be found in the application of very old management methods. By exposing the next generation of engineering managers to some basic, broad aspects of management, by stating old problems in a possible-future setting, and by forcing them to make management decisions by using management judgment, they are better prepared for situations they may meet in the future.<<ETX>>


This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station observation Version 2 (CHIRPS v2.0), the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Network‐Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR) and the Climate Research Unit Time Series Version 4 (CRU) products to identify which product delivers reliable rainfall caption over Burundi. The station data with long‐term records have been used as a reference to evaluate the performance of the three products for 34 years ranging from 1983 to 2016. Statistical metrics and precipitation detection capability have been used to measure the accuracy of each product over spatial and time scales. The result analysis carried out that the CHIRPS product has good performance compared to CRU and PERSIANN‐CDR products. It performs well over annual, monthly, and seasonal scales, and it strongly agrees with ground observation over the study domain with the lowest correlation coefficient (CC) = 0.78. The PERSIANN‐CDR product performs poorly over the study domain, though it seems to correlate with in situ rain gauge data in some regions where the CC > 0.7. It highly underestimates the rainfall amount for both short rains and long rains. The CRU shows a good performance in most of the regions with CC ≥ 0.74; however, it slightly overestimates rainfall amount over the less wet area including the north and the east regions and highly underestimates the heavy rain over mountainous region. The evaluation at daily scale shows that both CHIRPS and PERSIANN‐CDR moderately perform in most of the regions except the southern and western parts where CC < 0.3. The two products exhibit a good detection ability of light rainfall (<1 mm/day) but poorly detect heavy rainfall (>20 mm/day). The CHIRPS product can deliver reliable and useful information for monitoring meteorological hazards over Burundi.


A stochastic stabilization problem for a class of discrete-time switched linear s ingular system is considered in this paper. By using the Bernoulli variable, a kind of stochastic controller is developed, w hich ensures the discrete-time switched linear singular system stochastically stable. Based on a linear matrix inequality technology, a suffic ient existence condition for such new controller is proposed, which bridges the gain-scheduled and gain-common controller design methods. Finally, an example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Johne's disease in ruminants is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis . Diagnosis of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection is difficult, especially in the early stages. To date, ideal antigen candidates are not available for efficient im-munization or immunodiagnosis. This study reports the in silico selection and subsequent analysis of epitopes of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins that were found to be upregulated under stress conditions as a means to identify immunogenic candidate proteins. Previous studies have reported differential regulation of proteins when M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is exposed to stressors which induce a response similar to dormancy. Dormancy may be involved in evading host defense mechanisms, and the host may also mount an immune response against these proteins. Twenty-five M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins that were previously identified as being upregulated under in vitro stress conditions were analyzed for B and T cell epitopes by use of the prediction tools at the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource. Major histocompatibility complex class I T cell epitopes were predicted using an artificial neural network method, and class II T cell epitopes were predicted using the consensus method. Conformational B cell epitopes were predicted from the relevant three-dimensional structure template for each protein. Based on the greatest number of predicted epitopes, eight proteins (MAP2698c [encoded by desA2 ], MAP2312c [encoded by fadE19 ], MAP3651c [encoded by fadE3_2 ],


Based on the ideas of career design put forward by suppr,Holland and Swain,the work of career counseling in Hongkong universities has formed its own characteristics. It has made reference on inner region universities' career counseling, such as making professional guidance be scientific,using psychological achievements into professional guidance and shouldering the task of professional guidance by school and community in common.


Abstract:  Vibration‐based damage identification (VBDI) techniques rely on the fact that damage in a structure reduces its stiffness and alters its global vibration characteristics. Measurement of changes in the vibration characteristics can therefore be used to determine the damage in the structure. Although VBDI offers several advantages, most of the available damage identification algorithms fail when applied to practical structures due to the effect of measurement errors, need to use incomplete mode shapes, mode truncation, and the nonunique nature of the solutions. This article presents a new robust two‐step algorithm that uses the modal energy‐based damage index to locate the damage and an artificial neural network technique to determine the magnitude of damage. The proposed algorithm is applied to detect simulated damage in a finite element model of a girder and a similar model of a real bridge named Crowchild Bridge located in Alberta, Canada. The results show that the proposed algorithm is quite effective in identifying the location and magnitude of damage, even in the presence of measurement errors in the input data.


Deformation modulus of rock mass is one of most important parameters applied in rock engineering design,it can be obtained from various in-situ tests that is time-consuming,arduous and expensive.For this case,many researchers have developed a lot of dependency relations between deformation modulus of rock mass and its physical mechanical parameters,in order to estimate the deformation modulus of rock mass through these relations.The deformation modulus of rock mass and variable modulus test point wave velocity test data of the Sanhekou dam foundation are analyzed to obtain that the linear and exponential relationships exist between the deformation modulus of rock mass and acoustic compressional wave velocity.Through the inversion,it is believed that exponential relationship is more suitable for engineering practice,which can be used as a reference for the furtherr dam foundation excavation and similar projects.


Heterostructure lasers have been made by growing an epitaxial p+layer of GaAlAs onto an n+-GaAs substrate. The p-GaAs active region, formed by diffusion of zinc into the substrate during the growth process, is about 1.6 μ thick. Threshold current densities of these lasers lie between 8000 and 12 000 A.cm-2at 300°K, depending on the cavity length. External incremental quantum efficiencies are about 40 percent and change very little with cavity length. It is found that the gain coefficient is a superlinear function of current and the loss coefficient appears to vary with cavity length as a result of the variation in photon energy, which occurs with different threshold currents. The threshold currents of the heterostructure lasers are a factor of 4 lower than previous homojunction lasers. The conclusion is drawn that the improvement is largely a result of the carrier confinement that occurs at the heterojunction. Some improvement can be related to a reduction of optical losses but it is a consequence of the superlinear gain-current relationship that even a loss coefficient of zero would be insufficient to explain the low-threshold currents.


This study sought to assess the effects of TS-E on students' learning, and the results indicated that the technique yielded positive outcomes and that it had proven its efficiency in increasing students' test scores and understanding of course material.
Students in the experimental group showed improved test performance in the posttest in comparison to the students in the control group. The score gap between the two groups did not appear to be solely due to preexisting differences in aptitude and content knowledge because there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups prior to the application of the TS-E.
The collaborative stage of the exam granted the students the opportunity to deepen their understanding of course content and familiarize themselves with concepts covered in the exam, which provided them with constructive feedback that turned a traditional exam into a learning tool. Furthermore, the study suggests that students are able to retain more knowledge through activities that require processing, analyzing, and thinking critically within collaborative teamwork. The finding also shows that collaboration in the second stage reduces students' chances of repeating previous mistakes and clears knowledge misconceptions, which is vital for long-term learning. This implies that two-stage exams slow the process of forgetting and enhances retrieval of information at a later date, although in the current study, the time was only two weeks, which provides an opportunity for further research.
The researcher believes that two-stage exams achieve several goals that align with Kuwait University vision and what educators intend to implement in their students. These goals include training students to collaborate with others to reach common goals, thinking logically and critically about concepts and becoming lifelong learners.


Aims. Estimating molecular abundances ratios from directly measuring the emission of the molecules toward a variety of interstellar environments is indeed very useful to advance our understanding of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy, and hence of the physical processes related to the chemistry. It is necessary to increase the sample of molecular clouds, located at different distances, in which the behavior of molecular abundance ratios, such as the 13CO/C18O ratio, is studied in detail.
Methods. We selected the well-studied high-mass star-forming region G29.96−0.02, located at a distance of about 6.2 kpc, which is an ideal laboratory to perform this type of study. To study the 13CO/C18O abundance ratio (X13∕18) toward this region, we used 12CO J = 3–2 data obtained from the CO High-Resolution Survey, 13CO and C18O J = 3–2 data from the 13CO/C18O (J = 3–2) Heterodyne Inner Milky Way Plane Survey, and 13CO and C18O J = 2–1 data retrieved from the CDS database that were observed with the IRAM 30 m telescope. The distribution of column densities and X13∕18 throughout the extension of the analyzed molecular cloud was studied based on local thermal equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE methods.
Results. Values of X13∕18 between 1.5 and 10.5, with an average of about 5, were found throughout the studied region, showing that in addition to the dependency of X13∕18 and the galactocentric distance, the local physical conditions may strongly affect this abundance ratio. We found that correlating the X13∕18 map with the location of the ionized gas and dark clouds allows us to suggest in which regions the far-UV radiation stalls in dense gaseous components, and in which regions it escapes and selectively photodissociates the C18O isotope. The non-LTE analysis shows that the molecular gas has very different physical conditions, not only spatially throughout the cloud, but also along the line of sight. This type of study may represent a tool for indirectly estimating (from molecular line observations) the degree of photodissociation in molecular clouds, which is indeed useful to study the chemistry in the interstellar medium.


The Rhizobium sp. When isolated form the root nodules of a leguminous climbing shrub Derris scandens produced a high amount of indole acetic acid (IAA) (135.2 μg/ml) from the tryptophan-supple-mented basal medium. Growth and IAA production started simultaneously, and the maximum amount of IAA was produced as a secondary metabolite in the stationary phase of growth. The IAA production by the Rhizobium sp. was increased by 503% when the medium was supplemented with mannitol (2%), KNO3 (0.2%), nicotinic acid (0.1 μg/ml) and MnSO4 (1 μg/ml) in addition to tryptophan (4 mg/ml)/

The possible role of the rhizobial production of IAA on the rhizobia-legume symbiosis is also discussed.


In Ricos y Pobres ( Rich and Poor) Julio Carabana intends to unravel, by means of a study of income distribution, the false belief about the rise –or rather the elevated magnitude- of economic inequality in Spain. Thus, the objective of this text is to elucidate whether the achievement of the objective is effective and, in this regard, the focus is on the interpretations and the data presented by the author, although it is on the origin of the latter as well. Ultimately, we conclude that inequality has risen during the last "great recession", that lowest incomes diminish while higher ones increase –or maintain- their weight in the cycle balance distribution, as well as the fact that the book does not consider every possible alternative regarding the solution of the problem, thus questioning some of the author's observations.


This paper presents an optimal brake force distribution strategy of a high- speed train. The brake system of a high-speed train has to provide not only high reliability and safety but also brake performance such as reducing friction area of the disc pad, minimizing temperature increase of rail, and maximizing brake efficiency. In response to such requirements, generally, combinations of three different types of the brake system, which are the regenerative brake, the contact brake such as the pneumatic brake, and the non-contact brake such as eddy-current brake, are installed into the high-speed train. In this paper, we use a model of the brake dynamics of the high-speed train which includes the dynamics of the electric regenerative brake, the pneumatic brake, the eddy-current brake, and the train body. In case of the conventional brake force distribution strategy, the regenerative brake and the eddy-current brake take the primarily responsibility of generating brake force; and the pneumatic brake provides only the assisting brake force. However, in case when the eddy- current brake is used excessively, temperature increase of the rail may result in bending the rail and turning over the train. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an optimal distribution strategy of brake force. This cost function for the optimization consists of abrasion rate of a disc pad, and temperature growth of the rail. These terms are significantly associated with the brake performance and reliability. The brake dynamics and the proposed control strategy are programmed and simulated by Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results illustrate the validity and reliability of the proposed control strategy.


Abstract It has been known for some time that graminaceous species do not respond to Fe stress in the same way as dicots. Until the recent discovery of phytosiderophores in grass species, it has not been possible to characterize known differences in the ability of various cultivars of grasses to obtain Fe. The object of this study was to determine if differences in Fe‐inefficient TAM 0–312 and Fe‐efficient Coker 227 oats are due to their abilities to release a phytosiderophore when under Fe‐deficiency stress. The two cultivars were grown in modified Hoagland solution at several levels of Fe and the release of Fe3+ solubilizing compounds (phytosiderophore), chlorosis development, and the concentration of Fe were routinely assessed as indicators of Fe stress. There was a marked difference between TAM 0–312 and Coker 227 oats in the release of phytosiderophore from their roots. The amount of phytosiderophore released from Coker 227 roots increased as the nutrient Fe concentration increased from 0 to 1.2 mg/L...


A facile and effective synthesis of N-alkyl-N′-arylguanidines was accomplished by the reaction of N-arylcyanamides with various primary and secondary alkylamines, under the catalysis of copper(i) iodide and Xantphos in DMF. This methodology provides a direct access to versatile N,N′-disubstituted guanidine derivatives from N-arylcyanamides that can be readily prepared from the corresponding nitriles via Tiemann rearrangement.


Vesicles, which are droplets of a fluid encapsulated in a membrane, represent the basic structure of almost all life forms. The amphiphilic membrane that separates different domains acts as a tunable filter, selectively allowing the passage of chemical substances. The formation of these aggregates is subject of increasing interest, both experimental and theoretically, due to the fact that they can be used as drug carrier or even as artificial cells. In this paper, we report the first successful computer simulation of vesicle spontaneous formation obtained by performing extensive Monte Carlo calculations in a microscopic lattice model based on two-tailed amphiphilic chains surrounded by solvent molecules. The dynamical process of aggregation is also shown and some features of this process are discussed.


Recent research has shown a positive correlation between exports and R&D, however very little is known about their adoption sequence. The aim of this paper is to gain further insight into the causa...


Aims: To determine whether brachial blood pressure (BP)-independent relations between aortic pressure and cardiovascular damage are better explained by reflected (backward) (Pb) or forward (Pf) wave pressure effects. Methods: In 1174 participants from a community of African ancestry, we assessed central aortic pulse pressure (PPc), Pb, and Pf (radial applanation tonometry, SphygmoCor) as well as left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (n = 786), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) (n = 1019), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (n = 578), transmitral early-to-late left ventricular diastolic velocity (E/A) (n = 779) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (n = 1174). Results: Independent of mean arterial pressure and confounders, PPc, and both Pb and Pf were associated with end-organ measures or damage (P < 0.05 to P < 0.0001). With adjustments for brachial PP and confounders, Pb remained directly associated with LVMI (partial r = 0.09, P < 0.01), PWV (partial r = 0.28, P < 0.0001), and IMT (partial r = 0.28, P < 0.0001), and inversely associated with E/A (partial r = −0.31, P < 0.0001) and eGFR (partial r = −0.14, P < 0.0001). Similar relations were noted with the presence of end-organ damage (P < 0.05 to P < 0.0001). In contrast, with adjustments for brachial PP and confounders, Pf no longer retained direct relations with LVMI, PWV, and IMT or inverse relations with E/A and eGFR. Adjustments for Pb, but not Pf, diminished brachial PP-independent relationships between PPc and end-organ measures. Independent relations between Pb, but not Pf and end-organ measures, were largely attributed to Pb accounting for most of the variation in brachial-to-aortic PP amplification. Conclusions: In communities of African ancestry, brachial BP-independent relations between aortic pressure and end-organ changes are largely attributed to an impact of reflected rather than forward wave pressures.


The work is focused on the preparation and characterisation of rare-earth containing stearic acid Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. Stearic acid monolayer behavior on the rare-earth containing aqueous subphase have been analyzed by thermodynamic measurements. The compression isotherm shape changed substantially under varying the anion type at the constant rare-earth cation content in aqueous subphase. The structure of formed multilayer rare-earth containing LB films was studied using small angle X-rays diffraction. The considerable structural defects in multilayer films were found when rare-earth chloride solution was exploited as aqueous subphase, caused presumably by electrostatic interactions at the monolayer surface under high binding of rare-earth cations. The use of monodentate complexones like acetic acid was proposed to form bulk phase quasi-neutral rare-earth complexes. The electroneutral ligand exchange reactions of such complexes with stearic acid monolayer allowed to neutralise monolayer surface under rare-earth cations binding and to form condenced monolayer below the triple-point temperature. The compression of such monolayer to the state of minimal compressibility and subsequent monolayer deposition resulted in the formation of high ordered LB films with high content of adsorbed multivalent rare-earth cations arranged in two-dimensional monoatomic arrays.


The unsteady 3-D flow fields in a transonic compressor at design point were simulated numerically to study the effect of the bowed and swept rotors on rotor wake fluctuation intensity and transportation progress.The results show that,as compared to the baseline,all three types of bowed or swept rotors weaken the fluctuation intensity of tip leakage vortex and the top fluctuation core of wake at rotor outlet,thus quickening the dissipation during downstream transportation and helping to reduce the unsteady disturbance on the top of stator.The fluctuation intensity of the middle part of swept or bowed rotor wake increases to some extent,and the middle-part low energy fluid of rotor wake intends to move downwards during transportation,so the stator is disturbed stronger at mid-span and near hub.


A Project Report Submitted to the Chandaria School of Business in Partial fulfillment of the Master of Business Administration (MBA)


We introduce a novel dual-delay two-photon interferometer that allows spanning the two-dimensional spectrum of two-photon states by 'unlocking' the fixed phase relationship between the interfering probability amplitudes in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer.


In this talk we present the first calculation of next-to-leading-order QCD corrections for the production of $W^+W^-$ pairs in association with three jets at the LHC. We show the observed improvement in the dependence of total and differential cross sections on the unphysical renormalization and factorization scales. We study the radiation pattern for configurations associated to vector-boson fusion and the impact that the QCD corrections have on them.


Treatment of Escherichia coli cells with polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) makes them susceptible to valinomycin and A23187 action. The sensitivity of the cells towards these ionophores is enhanced at least 50- or 100-fold, respectively. PMBN/ionophore treatment should make it possible to influence intracellular potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of E. coli in vivo.


In this paper, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point in a dislocated quasi-metric space. Several fixed point theorems for distinct type of contractive conditions are presented that generalize, extend, and unify a number of related results reported in the literature. Illustrative examples are provided. c ©2017 All rights reserved.


In the paper ""Magnetically Driven Jets from Accretion Disks. III. 2.5-dimensional Nonsteady Simulations for Thick Disk Case ÏÏ by Takahiro Kudoh, Ryoji Matsumoto, and Kazunari Shibata (ApJ, 508, 186 [1998]), Figure 2 was printed in black-and-white instead of color as the result of an error in the printing process. The original color version of Figure 2 appears below. The Press sincerely apologizes for this error.


The method of moments is mostly used in electromagnetism to solve linear operator equations. In this paper, we present three different, alternative applications of this numerical technique: resolution of the integral equation of convolution i.e., deconvolution, synthesis of electromagnetic radiators optimized to yield a given time-domain or frequency-domain response, and processing of data provided by an inertial navigation system, with the aim to decompose a complex displacement into elementary movements.


The mixed RE complexes of Eu3+-Ho3+-phenanthroline-benzoic acid were synthesized in anhydrous ethanol.The composition of the RE complex was determined to be RE(BA)3 Phen(RE=Eu3+/Ho3+)by elemental analysis,IR and molar conductivity.The fluorescence characteristics of mixed complexes were investigated under 310 nm UV-light.The results showed that there was intensive interaction between europium ion and holmium ion,and the fluorescence emission intensity of europium ion was greatly sensitized by holmium ion.The red fluorescence of europium ion was emitted intensively in the mixed complexes.The fluorescence intensity of the complex in which n(Eu3+)∶n(Ho3+)=1∶1 was 2.2 times of the complex without Ho3+


In this paper we perform stability analysis for exponential solutions in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet and cubic Lovelock gravity. We report our findings, provide areas on parameters space and discuss familiarities and differences between cases. Analysis suggests that only several cases out of numerous found solutions could be called stable. In particular, cases with three-dimensional isotropic subspace which could give rise to successful compactification are diminished to one general case and one additional partial solution in the cubic Lovelock case.


This study investigates the deregulation of the Nigerian Telecommunication Sector within the precinct of Imperialism and development. This is premised on the fact that Nigeria's Telecommunication sector has not only been moribund over the years but has more importantly been dominated by foreign and local bourgeoisies after its deregulation in 1999. In view of this, the study borrows from Structural Imperialism which argues that the elites in the Centre and Periphery states connive, indeed conspire to undermine development in the latter. It relies heavily on the use of secondary data, by virtue of the nature of the work, thus probing the dynamics of these Centre/Periphery trajectories. Findings reveal that certain levels of development have been recorded in the Telecommunication sector particularly in terms of contribution to the Nigerian economy through the ubiquitous provision of telecommunication lines, especially the mobile phones. Similarly, jobs have been created within this sector in terms of its contribution to Nigeria's GDP profile. However, beneath these efforts, the predatory and materialistic character of the foreign and local bourgeoisie, a permanent feature of the post-colonial Nigerian state remains the greatest bane of the growth of this sector. The study concludes that until this "unholy alliance" between the foreign and local bourgeoisies is demolished, the deregulation effort of the federal government will remain a mirage. To this end, it recommends an immediate measure to increase the legislative oversight of the regulatory body, Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC) over the activities of the foreign mobile operators in Nigeria, while not neglecting, indeed promoting the indigenous operators of the telecommunication services in the country. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v4n1p173


In this paper, bipolar valued vague subring of a ring is introduced and some properties are discussed. Bipolar valued vague subring of a ring is a generalized form of vague subring of the ring, vague subring of the ring is a generalized form of fuzzy subring of the ring and fuzzy subring of the ring is a generalized form of ring.


In the course of founding modern corporate institution, China introduced "the theory of corporate governance" via which regulates the rights and duties of the owners, monitor and supervisor of the corporate, aiming at a desirable balance on interests and risks, incentives and regulations among the different subjects. The decisive power belongs to shareholder assembly, respectively the executive right to board and the supersion right to supervision board. Recently, there are more and more issues of corporate governance in state-owned companies. Therefore, enforcing the regulating of the companies and reducing the agent cost have been the major part of corporate governance in them. The author uses the comparative analysis and historic research approach to find the institutional basis and possible solutions through the international comparison of agent institution, realizing the better corporate governance and the development of corporate governance theory. Keywords—State-owned company, principal-agent, corporate governance


Bus load forecasting is the foundation to make power grid to be secure, economic and efficient, and also is the concrete measure and effective way to promote national energy saving and emissions reduction. Based on daily load curve of typical areas, and by means of subtractive clustering, the regional bus load was classified and bus load matching model was constructed. Furthermore, bus load forecasting model with the least squares support vector machine model (LSSVM) was put forward. Finally, the validity of load matching and forecasting model was verified by numerical examples.


Along with China's entering industrialized society,oil has become an important resource of China's economic development,but domestic oil production is insufficient,so import quantum of international oil is increasing.Consequently,the international oil price has a big influence on China's economy.Focusing on the effect of international crude oil price on China's CPI,this paper studies the effect of international crude oil price on the CPI by the correlation test,the Johansen cointegration test,and the Granger causality test,and then established a mathematic model of long and short vector error correction model between them.The results showed that the international crude oil price has a significant impact on China's CPI both in the long term and in the short term just in one direction and that the influence coefficients are positive.