An ECRH (electron-cyclotron resonance heating) launching system fortheITERupper ports isbeing designed. Theaimofthesystem istoinject Electron Cyclotron Waves (ECW)intheITERplasma inorder tostabilize neoclassical tearing modes(NTM). Eachofthefour upper-port launchers consists ofsixmm-wavelines capable oftransmitting high powerupto2MW perline at170GHz.Inorder toexploit the capability ofECW forlocalized heating andcurrent drive over arangeofplasma radii inITER,theECH&CDupperport launcher musthaveabeamsteering capability. TheRemote Steering (RS)principle hasgreatadvantages, because it enables toavoid steerable mirrors withflexible cooling lines at theplasma-facing endofthelauncher. Theprinciple consists of a long, corrugated, square waveguide having thesteerable optics placed outside ofthefirst confinement boundary ofthe vacuumvessel. Allvulnerable components arefarawayfrom thehostile plasma environment. Furthermore, theRSlaunching systemenables todomaintenance on thesystemduring shutdown, without affecting thetorus vacuumandtheblanket cooling circuits. 1.System lay-out Starting fromthegyrotrons, themm-wavepowerwillbe transmitted towards thetokamakby circular evacuated waveguides withanaperture of63.5 mm.Steering ofthebeam overarange of+/-120will beachieved byamirror system consisting ofacombination ofcurved androtating mirrors. Via themirror system thebeamwillbedirected into a square corrugated waveguide of44x44mm with alength of4.4m.A single-disk diamond windowandan isolation valvewill provide thetritium boundary between theprimary and secondary vacuum. Attheendofthesquare waveguide, mm- wavebeamswill beguided through penetrations inthefront- shield blanket module byasetof2fixed mirrors towards the ITERplasma. Themirrors will havefocusing properties inboth directions. Thiswill result inaneffective steering range inthe plasma suchthat all theflux surfaces canbereached atamajor radius oftheITERplasma of5650mm athorizontal locations between 1900and3300mm.Thelatest 3-DCATIAmodel (June 2005) incorporates thenewest requirements onsteering rangeandlaunching angles, following fromrecent physics- based performance analysis (1).


Although a woman can achieve the state of awakening known as arahatship, Theravāda Buddhist tradition states that a woman cannot achieve full and complete Buddhahood. More than this, a woman is unable to successfully aspire to Buddhahood, or progress on the path to it—in other words she cannot be a bodhisatta. In this article, Appleton explores the origins of the doctrine that excludes women from the bodhisatta path, as well as its effects on the outlook of women in Buddhist societies. She begins by outlining the bodhisatta path as it is presented in Theravāda texts, and tracing the role of jātaka stories—stories about previous lives of Gotama Buddha—in codifying this path and excluding women from it. She then examines the striking absence of stories about changing sex between births, and the possible influence of this upon the understanding that a bodhisatta is always male. She finishes with an assessment of the relationship between the exclusion of women from the bodhisatta path and other ideas about the social and spiritual incapacities of women.


Abstract Ion exchange on Al2O3 columns has been used to quantitatively measure As, Sb, Mo, Th and W in silicate rocks. This procedure requires hour long thermal neutron irradiations, rapid ion exchange after the rocks are brought into solution by peroxide fusion, and short γ-ray counts on a Ge(Li) detector. Detection limits of 10 ppb have been achieved for As, Sb, Th and W. The best detection limit observed for Mo is 3 ppm.


The Situation The Operator was evaluating inhibitive water base alternatives to oil-base mud. M-I was requested to formulate a drilling fluid with inhibitive characteristics to minimize problems associated with highly reactive clays. Cutting and core samples provided by the Operator from the Panna Field were analyzed for mineralogy and cation exchange capacity (CECSHALE). The shales samples had a highly variable clay content; the dominant clays were smectite and kaolinite.


Objective
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD) for esophageal submucosal tumors (SMTs).

Methods
A meta-analysis was performed on 18 related studies of ESTD on the treatment of esophageal SMTs retrieving from Chinese and English databases. Complete resection rate and en bloc resection rate were extracted for efficacy, and the complication rate, recurrence rate and death were used to evaluate safety.

Results
Complete resection rate was reported in all studies, and the pooled complete resection rate was 97.5% (95%CI: 95.4%-98.6%). There were 9 studies that reported en bloc resection rate, and the pooled en bloc resection rate was 95.9% (95%CI: 90.1%-98.3%). Subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum and perforation were reported in all 18 studies. The pooled prevalence of air leakage symptoms was 11.3% (95%CI: 7.0%-17.6%) for subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum, 3.6% (95%CI: 2.1%-6.2%) for pneumothorax and 3.2% (95%CI: 1.9%-5.4%) for pneumoperitoneum. Additionally, the pooled prevalence of perforation was 4.9% (95%CI: 3.1%-7.8%). Intraoperative bleeding was reported in 2 studies, and the pooled incidence of bleeding was 3.7% (95%CI: 2.1%-6.4%). During the follow-up of the 18 studies, no death was reported, and only 2 cases of recurrence were reported in one study.

Conclusion
ESTD is safe and effective for esophageal SMTs.

Key words:
Safety; Efficiency; Meta-analysis; Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection


The SKIPSM paradigm offers fast execution of a very wide range of binary, grey-scale, 3D, and color image-processing applications. In this paper the finite-state-machine approach is applied to one of the 'classical' problems of binary image processing: connected-component analysis. Execution-time results are presented, and compared for several examples to execution times for the very-efficient conventional method based on analysis of run-length-encoded data.


The title compounds, (C10H11N2)2[SnCl4(CH3)2] and (C10H11N2)2[SnCl4(C6H5)2], have been prepared from the reaction of 8-methylaminoquinoline with diorganotin dichlorides. In the methyl compound, the Sn atom is coordinated to two methyl groups, which are trans with respect to each other [Sn—C 2.102 (5) and 2.103 (4) A], and to four Cl atoms [Sn—Cl 2.442 (1), 2.461 (1), 2.894 (1) and 3.098 (1) A]. The two long Sn—Cl bonds are trans to the short ones and their Cl atoms are hydrogen bonded to the N—H groups of the 8-methylaminoquinolinium cations. The Sn—CH3 bonds are bent away from the short Sn—Cl bonds so that the CH3—Sn—CH3 angle is 155.7 (2)°. A correlation between the C—Sn—C angle and the Sn—Cl bond lengths was observed. The anion of the phenyl compound is close to being octahedral and has exact twofold symmetry; the phenyl groups are trans with respect to each other [Sn—C 2.143 (2) A] and Sn—Cl distances are in the range 2.497 (1)–2.672 (1) A. Two Cl atoms are hydrogen bonded to N—H groups of the cations.


The ever-expanding of aquaculture activities raised concerns about the unknown detrimental effects of high effluent loading on the aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, this study quantified the accumulation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in different forms in the water, sludge and fry in rearing ponds. Four ponds were assigned in a Nile tilapia hatchery of private sector to study the nutrient mass balance and the chemical composition of the sludge, in two fry production cycles, each for 25 days divided into three periods, during April-June 2021. The results showed that, every Kg feed (45% protein) produces 420 g sludge and 355.94 g suspended solids, 50% out of which settled at the bottom. Fry retained 27.6 % and 20.4 % of the applied dietary nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Accumulation of TN and TP in the sludge accounted for 16.6% of the dietary N and 50% of the dietary P. Effluent water contained 29.16 % and 25.8 % of introduced dietary nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, distributed in different forms. The dietary nitrogen recovery in the present study was 73.38%, suggesting considerable role for ammonia volatilization, denitrification and anammox processes in the N-losing and almost no N-fixation occur in these ponds, while the phosphorus recovery reached 96%. The results also showed that the fry rearing ponds threaten Egyptian Journal for Aquaculture P-ISSN: 2090-7877 E-ISSN: 2636-3984 www.eja.journals.ekb.eg/ Moustafa et al., 2021; 11 (1):334 5 DOI: 10.21608/eja.2021.90477.1057 Study of Nitrogen and Phosphorus transformations in cement ponds of Nile tilapia fry 34 the environment, as their effluent and sludge are rich in nutrients. Thus, it is recommended to utilize the fry ponds effluent in microalgae production and recycle the sludge into vermicompost fertilizer.


The amino acid sequence of potato polypeptide trypsin inhibitor c (Tlc) was determined by means of Edman degradation and carboxypeptidase digestion. Sequence analyses were carried out on the reduced and S -c arboxymethylated sample and its tryptic and chymotryptic peptides. The results revealed that Tlc consisted of 51 amino acid residues. The amino-terminal sequence (residues 1 through 18) of Tlc was homologous to that of the potato polypeptide chymotrypsin inhibitor of Hass et a l. Furthermore , the overall sequence of the inhibitor was homologous to that of one of the polypeptide trypsin inhibitors of eggplant exocarp. It was not identical with the sequences of the artificially-prepared active fragments of potato proteinase inhibitors IIa and IIb , though strong homology was partially observed. Any Lys-Ser bond , the reactive site peptide bond of the active fragments , was 110t found in the sequence of this natu-rally-occurring polypeptide trypsin inhibitor. The inhibitor activities of T Ic against trypsin and chymotrypsin were not greatly aHected by the modification of amino groups but considerably decreased by the modification of guanidino groups in the molecule. This fact and the sequence study indicated that the reactive site peptide bond of Tlc was Arg(38)-Asn(39) , which was identical with that of the polypeptide trypsin inhibitor of eggplant exocarp.


The operation of large open-pit lignite mines represents a significant source of fugitive dust emissions connected to energy production. Emission inventories can be used to provide operational estimates of the total dust burden in the surrounding areas attributable to mining operations. In this work, a methodology based on the inverse dispersion modelling approach, combining two different dispersion models, is used for preparing a dust emissions inventory for several activity types in the lignite mines of Western Macedonia, Greece. A three-year campaign of field measurement experiments provides the necessary meteorological data and upwind-downwind concentration levels in the area of each activity. A comparison of calculated emission rates provided by the two dispersion models indicates a very good agreement, while the normalised downwind concentration timeseries are accurately reproduced. Emission factors are calculated for each experiment and per-activity, leading to the formulation of empirical relations for the total fugitive dust emissions.


Some brick and concrete mixed structure office building was remoulded into archives.The structural member such as plank,beam,pillar,etc.needed to be reinforced.The project of increasing section was adopted on the 2,3,and 4 layers.The shearing resistance was lacking for main wall beam on the first floor,so the project of reinforcing the structure with steel plate was adopted.


Objective To understand the law of heredity and variation of the neuraminidase(NA) of human influenza virus subtype H3N2.Methods Influenza viruses isolated were cultured in MDCK cells.Viral RNAs were extracted and amplified by using RT-PCR.The amplified products were purified and sequenced.Multiple alignment using Clustal was performed on the NA protein sequences together with that of H3N2 vaccine strains recommended by WHO.Genetic distance and phylogenetic tree of these strains were obtained by using MEGA 4.0.Results The consensus phylogenetic tree constructed using Neighbor-Joining method showed that the strains were divided into four clades and most strains were located in Clade Ⅰ and Ⅱ.The result of multiple alignment of NA protein sequences showed that the amino acid deletion and insertion events rarely happened in NA.The NA protein sequences were conserved to some degree,especially the neuraminidase active sites,the disulphide bonds and the glycosylation sites.The distinct mutation frequencies were observed in the different antigenic determinants of NA,and L370S mutation occurred nearly in all H3N2 strains.The mutation K249E resulted in the formation of CladeⅡin the phylogenetic tree Conclusion Our analysis provides some useful information for human influenza prevention and the application of NA inhibitor drugs.


We present a theoretical investigation of the dispersive properties of linearly-chirped fiber Bragg gratings, establishing optimal parameters for the refractive index variation along the fiber length. Employing numerical methods, we show that a 3-cm-long chirped Bragg filter is able to compensate for the dispersion from 100 km of fiber at 1.2 micrometers , recompressing a 20 os Gaussian input pulse from its dispersion-broadened 74.4 ps width back to 20.6 ps. We also prove that a uniform grating profile provides the optimum compression for this input pulse type, confirming recently published claims.


The behaviour of a linearly elastic two-phase system is investigated from the point of view of movement of the different species. In this paper, we treat liquid and solid phases as continua and use the method of volume averaging to develop macroscopic transport equations. The solution of the local scale momentum equation of the two-phase medium allows the description of strain distribution and solid phase velocity field. When the liquid phase is a binary mixture, mass transport can occur by diffusion and convective transport. These mechanisms are described without using phenomenological laws that would introduce non-natural driving forces. Notably, the velocity of the liquid phase is deduced from a volume conservation additivity law combined with the solid mass balance. The comparison between experimental and predicted internal mass fraction fields and strain distribution during dewatering impregnation soaking process validates the model.


The paper argues that reductions in input tariffs will increase value added via product variety and quality. Using Indonesia's firm and product level data from 2000 to 2010, the findings show that a reduction of one percent in input tariffs will increase value added by 0.2 percent, not only via its interaction with importing firms, but also with exporting firms that use imported products as their inputs. A onepercent reduction in input tariffs will increase product variety and quality by 3.5 percent and 1.5 percent, respectively. Exporting firms tend to have a higher value added than the average of all firms, and they also tend to have increased variety and higher quality of products. Foreign firms also tend to have a relatively higher value added than the general average, but they do not necessarily have increased product variety and higher quality.


We study quantum entanglement distribution on networks with full-rank bi-partite mixed states linking qubits on nodes. In particular, we use entanglement swapping and purification to partially entangle widely separated nodes. The simplest method consists of performing entanglement swappings along the shortest chain of links connecting the two nodes. However, we show that this method may be improved upon by choosing a protocol with a specific ordering of swappings and purifications. A priori, the design that produces optimal improvement is not clear. However, we parameterize the choices and find that the optimal values depend strongly on the desired measure of improvement. As an initial application, we apply the new improved protocols to the Erdos-Renyi network and obtain results including low density limits and an exact calculation of the average entanglement gained at the critical point.


Spider is a balloon-borne experiment that will measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background over a large fraction of a sky at ~ 1° resolution. Six monochromatic refracting millimeter-wave telescopes with large arrays of antenna-coupled transition-edge superconducting bolometers will provide system sensitivities of 4.2 and 3.1 μKcmb√s at 100 and 150 GHz, respectively. A rotating half-wave plate will modulate the polarization sensitivity of each telescope, controlling systematics. Bolometer arrays operating at 225 GHz and 275 GHz will allow removal of polarized galactic foregrounds. In a 2-6 day first flight from Alice Springs, Australia in 2010, Spider will map 50% of the sky to a depth necessary to improve our knowledge of the reionization optical depth by a large factor.


Quality" as a factor in equity investing is a collection of metrics designed to capture the indicators of higher-quality financials in companies. Quality metrics are popular in the practitioner investment community, but no standard definition for the quality factor has been agreed on. In contrast, factors such as value and size have clear and accepted definitions. Although an extensive literature is dedicated to a few specific facets of quality, certain facets used in practitioner definitions have been only minimally explored in the academic literature.


Abstract:This article discusses the spatial abstraction that animates Beauford Delaney's painted scenes of Greenwich Village completed between 1936 and 1952, a group of works the artist's biographer David Leeming calls the "Greene Street paintings." In addition to analyzing the various formal mechanisms that Delaney employs to denaturalize space, resulting in compositions that hover between formation and deformation, form and informe, the artist is contextualized within period discourse on Black aesthetics. Revealing an underdiscussed current in the work of Alain Locke and other Harlem Renaissance writers, one that framed urban areas generally and Harlem specifically as the geographic locus of Black advancement, Delaney's Greene Street paintings are characterized in contrasting terms as aestheticization of city life rather than its ideological instrumentalization. Furthermore, in choosing to disavow the social and aesthetic centrality of Harlem for the queer bohemia downtown, Delaney expands the scope of Black diasporic cartographies to account for figures who formulate appositional relationships with Black art's regime of veridiction, what Darby English calls "black representational space." In doing so, the Greene Street paintings point out Delaney's remarkably contemporary approach to categories of identity—one fused with ambivalence, even evasion—that sets the stage for his more totalizing embrace of non-objectivity taken on in Paris. Delaney is framed as a proto-postblack painter that sets the stage for deconstructive approaches to identity that emerge in the twenty-first century.


The present invention provides a database management method and apparatus. The method is applicable to a database which comprises a plurality of internal basic commands for calling corresponding data. The method comprises: analyzing a service demand to determine data and/or processing desired for fulfilling the service demand, and at least one internal basic command relevant to the desired data and/or processing; combining the at least one internal basic command according to a specific rule to generate a new internal command corresponding to the service demand; and storing the generated new internal command in a command configuration file. With the method and apparatus according to the present invention, processing corresponding to a service demand is effectively performed, and corresponding is acquired.


In the chronology of events that marked the decade of crisis and breakup of Yugoslavia, the "apparition" of the Virgin Mary in Međugorje has remained largely overshadowed by symbolically more recognizable and politically more palpable historical events. My article traces the conflict potential of the events in Međugorje by analyzing their press coverage. At the beginning they were met with outright hostility, which changed in the mideighties when the Marian apparitions were officially transformed into a miracle destined to save Yugoslavia from ravaging economic crisis. However, the fact that the apparitions appeared near the site of a WWII-era massacre soon changed the whole issue into a site of contestation between Yugoslavia's major ethnic groups, illustrating the heavy burden that the unresolved past played in the fate of Yugoslavia. Međugorje is also an example of how the already on-going conflicts in the area were nurtured by belief in supernatural miracles as well as the manipulation of the cult of dead in order to bring redemption. In the dusk of June 24, 1981, the day when the Catholic Church celebrates Saint John the Baptist, a group of four girls and two boys ranging in age from twelve to seventeen years, announced that they had seen and talked with the Virgin Mary on the Crnica Hill near Međugorje in Herzegovina, Yugoslavia. Soon after, Međugorje became one of the world's major sites of Marian pilgrimages, second only to Lourdes and Fatima. In the chronology of events that marked the nineteen eighties as a decade of crisis and breakup for Yugoslavia, the events in Međugorje have remained largely overshadowed by symbolically more recognizable and politically more palpable historical events like Tito's death in 1980 or the mass protests of the Kosovo Albanians earlier in 1981. The "apparition" of Gospa (as the Virgin Mary is locally called) can be and indeed was interpreted to be a largely religious phenomenon that illustrated an internal crisis within the Catholic Church. Yet, as anthropologist E.A. Hammel pleads, there are at least three levels of inquiry to be distinguished in the Međugorje events – one that focuses on the apparition itself, one that looks at people's sighting, and one that explores the differing perceptions of these events (2000: 20). This article hopes to contribute to the study of Međugorje's conflict potential within the context of the Yugoslav crisis in the 1980s by analyzing the various perceptions of the alleged apparitions and their transformation over time, 2 Marian Apparitions and the Yugoslav Crisis without considering the actual veracity of the apparitions or people's sighting. The aim of this analysis is threefold. First, I want to show how the apparitions of Međugorje "reintroduced" religion in a major way into Yugoslav society in the 1980s. For almost four decades, Yugoslavia's authorities judged religious feelings and manifestations as irrational, foreign, and hostile throwbacks historically destined for extinction. At first, the Međugorje Virgin met a similar fate and was treated as the new "enemy," since the ruling Communist regime had no other response to a revival of religion but to repress it. However, because the regime's authority was waning, caused by its inability to solve a host of political and economic problems and its continued insistence on out-dated ideological cliches, it could do little to stem the nascent popular interest in religion. After attempts at repression failed to stop further "apparitions" and deter many thousands of worshippers from visiting Međugorje, the authorities belatedly changed their anti-religious attitude in the 1980s and endorsed a "vision" of their own: the apparition site was promoted as a tourist destination that would miraculously solve the Yugoslav economic crisis. My second aim is to show that events in and around Međugorje served as one of the principal catalysts in the process of nationalist resurgence in Yugoslavia. Ethnic and religious homogenization processes were reinvigorated in the 1980s not only by nationalist myths and propaganda, but also a range of beliefs in supernatural miracles, redemption and redeemers, with Međugorje featuring most prominently among the Catholic Croats. On the other side, the proximity of the apparition site to a mass grave of Serbs massacred by Croatian fascist ustasas during World War Two motivated Serbian historians and the Serbian Orthodox Church to claim that the whole affair was directed against Serbs. Thus, Međugorje also acquired a role in the victimization rhetoric that was a moving force and justification behind the resurgence of Serbian nationalism. My final goal is to contribute to the understanding of factors that caused the dissolution of Yugoslavia and the eruption of violence that ensued. I focus on the controversies over the Međugorje apparitions in order to furnish a case-study of how the numerous factors deemed detrimental to Yugoslavia's stability and existence intersected. At the outset, the failure of the Yugoslav state and its ruling party to respond adequately to the challenge posed by Međugorje exposed their vulnerability. Later, Međugorje offered churches and "independent" intellectuals an issue with which to promote their nationalist agenda and open up historical events to new interpretations that challenged the position of the Yugoslav authorities. I will attempt to illustrate this grossly condensed view of the multitude of implications of Međugorje's apparitions by examining the coverage they received in the press. More than any other medium, the press in Yugoslavia had a lasting influence on public opinion. This was because the government's control over how information was collected and distributed was liberalized in the 1960s and became decentralized to the republic level rather than centrally structured, as in the Soviet Union (Robinson 1977). Nevertheless, the press reflected the basic orientation of the ruling party in each of Yugoslavia's republics and often revealed competing political ideas and trends. In this decentralized country,


(44) Published under the Trial Voluntary Protest 57 ABSTRACT Program on January 28, 1975 as document no. B 346,350. An improved process for laser or UV curing of pig mented-binder systems comprising ethylenically unsat 52 U.S. Cl............ 204/159.23; 96/86 P; 96/115 P; urated polymers containing at least about 0.05 weight 96/115 R; 204/159. 11; 204/159.14; parts of opacifying pigment per weight part of binder 204/159.19; 260/42.17; 260/42.18; wherein the pigmented-binder system includes from 260/42.22, 260/89.5 A about 0.5% up to about 3% of a halogenated deriva (51 int. Cl.'........................ C08F 2/50; C08F 120/12; tive of naphthalene in combination with about 0.1 to G03C 1170; G03C 1/94 2% aromatic amino carbonyl photosensitizers and (58) Field of Search... 96/86 R, 86 P, 115 P, 115 R; from about 0.5% to 2% aromatic ketone or aldehyde 204/159.23, 159.24 photosensitizers. The sensitized binder system is a sub stantially improved system suitable for curing by ultra 56 References Cited violet or laser energy sources. UNITED STATES PATENTS


Analysis of treatment outcomes in 654 patients with colorectal, breast, laryngeal, oral and lung cancer demonstrated that most colorectal, laryngeal and oral neoplasms were diploid while majority of breast and lung tumors were aneuploid. Percentage of aneuploid tumors was increasing with disease progression. Diploid cancers demonstrated a more favorable course with a less frequent and later metastasis, a higher survival and a longer lifetime. Aneuploid tumors had a more aggressive course with a more frequent and earlier progression, and a lower survival. Tetraploid cancers of the larynx, oral mucosa, lung and colorectal cancers demonstrated the poorest course. Differences between individual parameters of clinical course for diploid versus aneuploid tumors were statistically significant which suggested this factor to be of much prognostic value. Tumor cell ploidy correlated with tumor differentiation. This factor may also be used to assess individual tumor sensitivity to chemoand radiotherapy. Tumor cell ploidy can therefore predict with a high degree of statistical significance (p<0.05) clinical course in cancer of the breast, larynx, oral mucosa, lung and colorectal cancer as well as response to preand postoperative chemoand radiotherapy.


There are limited evidence on the association between short-term exposure to 25 ambient particulate matter (PM) and overall hospital outpatient visits for respiratory 26 system disease (RESD) and cardio-cerebrovascular system disease (CCD) in high- 27 polluted countries like China. Though previous epidemiological studies of RESD and 28 CCD generally applied a linear relationship of the acute PM effects, it is unclear 29 whether this linear exposure-response relationship hold in high pollution area. In this 30 study, a time-series study during 2013 through 2016 was conducted to investigate 31 245,442 and 430,486 hospital visits for RESD and CCD respectively from Nanjing city, 32 China. A combination of logistic generalized additive model (GAM) and distributed 33 lag nonlinear models (DLNM) was used to evaluate the exposure-response associations. 34 The results disclosed that a 10 μ g/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentration on the 35 current day of exposure (lag 0) was associated with 0.36% (95% CI: -0.02%-0.73%) 36 and 0.33% (0.07%-0.60%) increase in RESD; and 0.42% (0.00%-0.85%) and 0.37% 37 (0.08%-0.67%) increase in CCD. The exposure-response association was 38 approximately linear within 0-150 μ g/m 3 of PM concentration and non-linear across the 39 full range of exposures. There were no any obvious threshold concentration below 40 which air pollutant had no effect on RESD and CCD. The effects of PM on RESD and 41 CCD were sensitive to additional adjustment for co-pollutants, indicating the health 42 effects of air pollution mixture in Nanjing city. Though not statistically significant, the 43 estimated risks in warm season were higher than those in cold season, suggesting potential synergistic effects of ambient PM pollution and temperature on triggering


The present invention comprises a transparent substrate coated with a stack of thin layers comprising a functional layer of metal and at least two anti-reflection coating made of one or more is, with each anti-reflective coating comprises at least one dielectric layer, each of the functional metal layer the two anti-reflection relates to the glazing is placed between the coating. The stack comprises at least one barrier layer made of titanium oxide having a thickness of preventing one or more reflection comprising a dielectric layer that may cause hole defects coating, and 1 ㎚ excess, and the barrier layer is to generate a hole defect reflects comprising a dielectric layer that may have a functional coating and the metal layer is between a position to directly contact with the functional metal layer made of a manufacture.


From the past to the present, human has mostly accumulated and passed on knowledge through the source of documents such as books. However, to day the "lazy reading" situation is popular among young people, which is one of the causes of passivity in research and learning of students. Teaching children to read Vietnamese since they were still in preschool level to help shape and develop the ability to read children is still a matter of concern. It is being studied and considered to be applied in teaching practice and academic research. With the goal of sharing the benefits of teaching preschool children to read Vietnamese language, the paper presents the research results on children's reading ability, the process of teaching children to read Vietnamese early in each period. The article results can be used as a reference for the study, for parents who want to teach their children Vietnamese literacy.


A defined notion of quality according to selected field of philosophy and management theory has been presented. Some conditions of system operate in the dual system's environment has been presented as well. An education quality in the aspect of market economy reality has been described.


The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of gate-length (Lg) and doping concentration (Nd) of the donor layer and its thickness (da) on the performance of double-gate (DG) InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMT. A comparison of the impact of donor-layer doping concentration, donor-layer thickness and gate-length on the channel current, transconductance, gate-to-source capacitance and cut-off frequency for the DG-HEMT has been studied with that for SG-HEMT. As a result of this comparison the DG-HEMT has been seen to exhibit more sensitivity to these device parameters. This is due to greater sheet-carrier concentration and better gate-control. Thus, the optimization of the donor-layer doping, donor-layer thickness and gate-length in the case of DG-HEMT is crucial.


Using historical water level data to establish a model to estimate the future water level is a common means of water level prediction. In this type of method, the accuracy of water level prediction is closely related to the quality of historical water level data. However, due to measurement accuracy and system deviations, water level data collected by real-time water level observatories often have abnormal or erroneous data. Aiming at this situation, this paper studies the water level data preprocessing method based on Savitzky-Golay filter. This method removed the noise of historical water level data and smoothed the data, which could better establish the water level prediction model. This paper used the water level prediction model established by LSTM to verify the water level data preprocessing method. The results showed that this method can improve the accuracy of the prediction model. Introduction Water level is the key factor affecting the scale of inland waterway, the bearing capacity of waterway and the safety of ship navigation. Water level prediction, especially short time prediction, has become the focus of attention of many scholars. Because of the influence of many factors, such as topography, weather, confluence and shunt, the characteristics of seasonal and periodic variation of inland waterway are large, so the prediction of inland water level is always a problem, so it is difficult to establish a mathematical model with good applicability. Using historical water level data to establish a model to calculate the water level in the future has become a common means of water level prediction at present. Especially with the large-scale promotion of real-time water level observatories, people have mastered a large number of fine-grained historical water level data. Historical water level data is essentially time series data. Time series usually refers to a sequence formed by arranging the values of certain statistical indicators in chronological order. The time series data itself contains enough information, from which it can find its timing and regularity, obtain the development process, direction and trend reflected by it, and further use such push or extension to predict the statistical indicators for a period of time. The level that can be reached. This time series analysis method can achieve better results in the prediction of inland water levels [1]. However, due to measurement accuracy, system deviations, processing deviations, and sudden phenomena, these historical water level data often have abnormalities or even deviations. When analyzing the time series, the quality of the data has a great influence on the analysis results. A low-quality time series data is difficult to achieve the desired analysis effect no matter how clever the time series model is. Therefore, these data anomalies will seriously affect the accuracy of subsequent water level prediction. How to scientifically and effectively preprocess these historical water level data, so that the water level prediction based on them can be more accurate is an important problem that needs to be solved. Many scholars have come up with corresponding approaches. In 2009, Xue-yu Li proposed the calculation method of the average value of the water level weighting coefficient. The water level correction can be carried out point by point using the plane position of the water level station and the measuring point, which can effectively improve the overall accuracy of the water depth measurement [2]. In 2017, Hou-yong Li et al. used a time-weighted recursive method, a fitting curve method and an artificial line to calculate the processing system, which can eliminate the instantaneous water level collected before the automatic reporting [3]. In 2018, Liu Ju et al. proposed a method for pretreating International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Big Data Analysis (MSBDA 2019) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Computer Science Research, volume 91


Incubator for premature babies, which incorporates a system that allows the sound reproduction inside the incubator and a system of light insulation, controlled electronically via a module (1) control and data processing, comprising a DVD sound system , USB communication ports for data transfer, a touch screen LCD, a receiver sound level meter and a control system light insulation.


Over a period of ten months, a 15 m-long, 50 mm-aperture superconducting SSC Collider dipole was taken through a series of thermal and power cycles to check for changes in performance. One quench below operating current was experienced during this period. Small changes in the coil preload and certain harmonics were observed. >


An analytical method for determining informative sets of features (INP) is developed, taking into account the resource for criteria based on the use of a measure of dispersion of classified objects. The areas of existence of the solution are defined. The statements and properties for the Fischer-type information criterion are proved, using which the proposed analytical method for determining the INP guarantees optimal results in the sense of maximizing the selected functional. The appropriateness of choosing this type of informative criterion is justified. A method for transforming attributes is proposed. The universality of the method in relation to the type of features is shown. An algorithm for implementing this method is given. In addition, the paper discusses the dynamics of the growth of information volume in the world, problems related to big data, as well as problems and tasks of pre-processing data. The relevance of reducing the dimension of the feature space for performing data processing and visualization without unnecessary difficulties is proved. The disadvantages of existing methods and algorithms for selecting an informative set of features are shown.


Phytoene and astaxanthin are 2 important carotenoids in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Under environmental stress, the synthesis of phytoene in H. pluvialis increases significantly, and phytoene is converted to astaxanthin through enzymatic catalysis. This paper analyzes the relationship between astaxanthin and phytoene accumulation in carotenoid synthesis pathways under different concentrations of sodium acetate (NaAc) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The highest concentrations of phytoene and astaxanthin were observed at the NaAc concentration of 6 g l−1 on the 12th day of induction. The highest astaxanthin concentration achieved was 2.26 ± 0.28%. Therefore, we concluded that 6 g l−1 NaAc and induction for 12 d provided the optimal inducing conditions for astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis. psy, pds, lcyB, β-carotene ketolase crtw, and crtz, which are genes related to phytoene and astaxanthin synthesis, were cloned and studied at the transcriptional level. crtw and crtz were continuously up-regulated since the first day of induction, while psy, pds, and lcyB were continuously up-regulated starting on the 3rd day of induction. These findings are important for enhancing our understanding of the mechanism of accumulation of phytoene and astaxanthin in H. pluvialis and provide a foundation for identifying the induction conditions necessary for optimizing astaxanthin production and increasing astaxanthin yields.


In rat duodenum, bradykinin induces a relaxation followed by a contraction. Different types of ion channels and receptors as well as non‐muscle cells have been suggested to be involved in this response. As it is unclear whether these changes are observed also in rat large intestine and the mechanisms which might underlie this response, the effect of bradykinin on rat colonic motility was tested.


Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the maximum bilateral molar bite force and the Root Mean Square (RMS) Electromyography (EMG) index of the masticatory muscles in the maximum bilateral molar bite (MMBMax) of women with myogenic Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) and asymptomatic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, composed of 86 women allocated to the TMD Group (n=43) and Control Group (n=43) diagnosis through the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The maximum bilateral molar bite force was evaluated using a bite dynamometer and the RMS EMG index of the masticatory muscles (anterior temporalis, masseter) during 5 seconds of the MMBMax task. Student t-test was used for data comparison between accuracy of the bite force and RMS EMG of masticatory muscles during the MMBMax. Results: The maximum bilateral molar bite force showed high accuracy (AUC=0.99) for the diagnosis of women with myogenic TMD and asymptomatic women, and the RMS EMG index evaluated during the MMBMax showed a moderate level of accuracy for all masticatory muscles (AUC=0.70 to 0.75). Conclusion: The bilateral bite dynamometer with a surface EMG during bilateral bite can be used to diagnose TMD in young women.


The novel 'Mary Barton' depicts a 'depressed' working class opium addict and the desperate social environment that fostered his condition. This social analysis contrasts with the current mantra that psychological suffering is a brain disease, characterised by a chemical imbalance, which can be rectified with drugs. The profit-driven proliferation of disorder concepts is described.


To improve the light transmission from the surface, we report a facile and cost-effective approach for the formation of wavelength-scale conical pillar arrays on a large surface area of epoxy resin. The highly ordered epoxy conical pillar arrays with a pitch of about 460 nm and height of about 800 nm have been successfully fabricated by the technique of shape-controlled anodization of Al foil followed by hot embossing. By replicating the tapered pore arrays onto a transparent semi-cylindrical epoxy structure, the incident angular resolved light transmission of the epoxy conical pillar arrays has been obtained. The integrated transmission of conical pillar arrays as high as 62.2% has been achieved which is confirmed to be 223% and 11.3% higher than that of planar epoxy and the cylindrical pillar arrays, respectively. It is reasonable to consider the wavelength-scale conical pillar array as a particular multilayer consisting of a series of two-dimensional photonic crystals with gradually increasing filling factor towards the surface. It can therefore be treated as a multilayer with continuously reducing refractive index towards the air. The conical and cylindrical pillar arrays of epoxy have been directly employed as the encapsulant of a GaN based flip-chip LED. Compared to the LED encapsulated by planar epoxy, the enhancement of light extraction from the LED covered with conical and cylindrical pillar arrays have been demonstrated to be 46.8% and 34.9%, respectively.


REMARKABLE series of mutations has been found (DUNN and GLUA ECKSOHN-SCHOENHEIMER 1950) which, while acting as genetical alleles in showing no recombination in compounds, nevertheless show both cumulative interactions in some of their effects and complementary interaction in others. The locus involved has been called T and assigned to the ninth linkage group. Breeding experiments have shown the following relations at this locus between genotype and phenotype : ++ normal tail. T/+ short tail (Brachyury) T / T lethal. tailless, forming balanced lethal lines ; to/to and T/t l t l / t l being embryo lethals. P/tl normal tail ; females fertile and showing no recombination ; males sterile. 1-


Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory illness in young children. Two cytokines key to RSV pathogenesis are tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and type-I interferon (IFN-I). Using a dual receptor antibody blockade of IFNAR1 with either TNFR1 or TNFR2, we previously reported that IFN-I and TNF-a synergistically contribute to clinical disease while also controlling peak lung viral replication in RSV-infected Balb/c mice. The objective of the current study was to investigate the possible effect of TNF-a/IFN-I on prolonged viral shedding and to dissect canonical signaling pathways that would likely mediate the above-described activity. We found that viral titer in the lung of all treatment groups was comparable to the RSV control mice at days six and seven post-infection, indicating that lack of these cytokine receptor signaling was not involved in prolonged viral shedding. We then determined expression levels of total lung STAT1, STAT2, STAT3 and their phosphorylated forms as well as IRF1, pIRF3, IRF7, and IRF9 by western blot. Though RSV/IFNAR1, RSV/TNFR1, and RSV/TNFR2 demonstrated variations in protein expression for several of these signaling molecules, none of these proteins were uniquely modulated by the dual receptor blockade. These findings collectively demonstrate that while TNF-a/IFN-I receptor signaling controls peak viral replication in the lung, they have no effect on extended viral shedding and that STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3 signaling appears to be dispensable for the enhanced viral replication observed in the dual receptor blockade treated mice.
 Supported by grants from AI062885, AI25434, Clinical and Translational Science Award [(NRSA (TL1) Training Core TL1TR001440)],Supported by UTMB McLaughlin Fellowship


L-band signals transmitted from GNSS satellites are widely used for the study of ionospheric total electron content (TEC). For this purpose, differential propagation delay between two frequencies in the dispersive medium is measured. However, there is a basic problem of signal delays in the electronics of satellites and receiver, being different between two different frequencies, which is often referred to as instrumental biases. Thus it is necessary to estimate the instrumental biases for calculating the ionospheric propagation delay and thus slant TEC.


India has seen successful promotion of solar cookers to some extent in eighties and nineties. Those were primarily solar box cookers also termed as ovens.In recent years there are many varieties of solar cookers available in the market; from cheapest cardboard panel cookers to expensive concentrating cookers designs. Concentrating solar cookers are gaining popularity as they can reach higher temperatures, cook faster and have added cooking capabilities like frying and roasting apart from boiling. Apart from domestic cooking, small community cooking has a huge market. Most promising application for small scale community cooking in India is Mid-Day-Meals in rural schools. Firewood and LPG is the main fuel for Mid-Day-Meals for schools and solar concentrating cookers have shown lot of promise. Most part of India is blessed with good Sun for more than 250 days a year. Switching over to 'Solar Cooking', makes sense. In recent years development of community dish cookers like SK-23 and PRINCE-40 have shown great potential in energy saving and mass deployment of technology. A projetct of 360 nos. of SK-23 solar community dish cookers for residential tribal schools by tribal ministry in Maharashtra has shown the possibility of adoption on large scale if government policies are favorable. With evolution of PRINCE-40 solar cookers design of SK-23 was phased out as new design outperformed SK-23 in almost all departmentss. Two projects, 42 PRINCE-40 solar concentrating cookers by MPSSS in Madhyapradesh and 23 cookers by WOTR (Watershed Organisation TRust) in Maharashtra, established acceptance by rural and tribal communities for the technology. PRINCE-40 concentrator was manufactured in fabricated version, which required some skill to assemble. Manufacturing also demands highly skilled staff and speed of production is limited. In 2011, manufacturing of PRINCE-15 solar concentrating cooker was switched over to panelled sheet metal dish, which is very accurate and sturdy. Authors have tied up with "Electromag Group of Industries, Mumbai" and developed new version of PRINCE paneled concentrating cooker of 4 sqm. This new version is a truly DIY kit. New PRINCE40 solar paneled concentrator is developed in eight panel design. This evolution has opened doors for mass adoption of technology. With Ministry of HRD in India budgeting USD 500 millions for half million rural schools, such evolution can play a vital role for technology validation and adoption. First batch of trial lot is produced in June 2014 and is undergoing performance trials. Initial results are very encourating. These new PRINCE panelled solar concentrating cookers have capability to change the solar cooking scenario, in domestic as well as in small community cooking segment.


This paper is a report on some early findings of a long-term study which has the ambitious objective of suggesting better alternative solutions to the general problem of controlling a collection of aircraft. The study aims to answer questions about the optimum division of responsibility between the aircrew and ground A.T.C., about the way in which the A.T.C. tasks are shared between a number of controllers and A.T.C. computers, and about the fundamental principles on which traffic flow is organized.


The existing track-based methodology for shape measurement is a combination of binocular vision system and optical scanner. We study a dedicated and effective track-based measurement system with a laser scanner, which has characteristics of non-contact, high-precision, and convenience. Although, several related approaches have been proposed, dedicated locating and tracking processing algorithm still has some improvements. This paper focuses on locating and tracking of laser scanner in overall scanning process. In this work, we propose a simple but useful five-marker target which is attached on a laser scanner, as well as the target detection and local coordinate system establishment method. We also provide details of global calibration method and scanner pose calculation method. The effectiveness of our methodology and measurement system in this paper are validated by experimental tests. We perform scanning tests on complex shape and work piece, separately, and the results show good performance in our special combined shape measurement.


The ideological and political education of university student is a heavy responsibility, We must pay attention to it. Understanding their idealogical feature is a foundation. Education of ideal and faith is a core. We must let them take part in the social practice and strengthen the education of law and morals,and improve the composition of science and technology in the ideological and political education.


We investigate multichromophoric energy transfer allowing for bath-induced fluctuations at different sites to be correlated. As a prototype system, we consider a light-harvesting antenna surrounding a reaction center. We show that the interplay between quantum coherence and correlated fluctuations can generate a room-temperature transfer process featuring a marked dependence on the degree of symmetry and delocalization of the initial exciton state. Our work illustrates how these quantum features could support fine-tuning of energy transfer efficiencies in closely packed natural and artificial light-harvesting complexes.


How does a law school cope with the ever pressing need to globalize? Even in traditionally domestic fields such as family law, the probability that law graduates will handle a case with transnational implications continues to rise, making knowledge of the laws of foreign countries and the rules that govern transnational legal interaction an undeniable facet of practice.' The question then arises as to how law schools should equip their graduates with the skills necessary to meet thechallenges of global practice. For a law school, these questions can mean an evaluation of its curriculum, the needs of its students, and its strategies employed to accomplish globalization while still maintaining a local identity. The purpose of this Article is to chart the journey of a Swiss law school as it seeks to extend its reach beyond the territorial and intellectual boundaries of a traditional legal education that had been predominantly inward-looking, and to explore the possibilities of opening itself and its students to the opportunities, challenges, and demands of a global legal education.


If Fourier series are used as the basis for inference in deconvolution problems, the effects of the errors factorise out in a way that is easily exploited empirically. This property is the consequence of elementary addition formulae for sine and cosine functions, and is not readily available when one is using methods based on other orthogonal series or on continuous Fourier transforms. It allows relatively simple estimators to be constructed, founded on the addition of finite series rather than on integration. The performance of these methods can be particularly effective when edge effects are involved, since cosine series estimators are quite resistant to boundary problems. In this context we point to the advantages of trigonometric-series methods for density deconvolution; they have better mean squared error performance when edge effects are involved, they are particularly easy to code, and they admit a simple approach to empirical choice of smoothing parameter, in which a version of thresholding, familiar in wavelet-based inference, is used in place of conventional smoothing. Applications to other deconvolution problems are briefly discussed. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.


The direction of exchange rate effecting on economic growth is controversial.However,Trade balance has significant impact on the growth effects of exchange rate.This paper first analyses the direction of exchange rate effecting on economic growth,then estimates the model using panel data of 187 countries from 1970 to 2000.The results of this paper make clear that,no matter middle-high income countries and low-middle income countries,the more the proportion of trade balance,the greater the devaluation of the growth effects.The effects of trade balance in low-middle income countries are high relatively.For China,policy-makers should consider seriously the impacts of trade balance on growth effects of the exchange rate,and be more prudent when they consider changes in exchange rate.


: This project manages the garbage collection done by Municipal Corporation with the help of an IOT based embedded device attached to dustbin of each area, this device continuously update the status of dustbins in each area to the website designed for this management. This device continuously detect the level of dustbin using ultrasonic sensor and as the dustbin gets full it will update its status of getting full on the website designed for garbage management along with date and time and will go to waiting state and remain in this state till dustbin gets empty. A timer is also set simultaneously in this state for a fixed duration within which dustbin must be cleaned by the Municipal Corporation. If this timer gets expired and dustbin is not cleaned by their employees on given time then device will sent a message to the higher authority that dustbin not cleaned on time and again set the timer for the same duration and remain in waiting state. Once the dustbin is cleaned by the employees the device will comes out of waiting state and will update its status of getting cleaned on the website along with date and time. Thus a record is maintained regarding dustbin status for each area in the website in tabular form using IOT technology along with embedded system which will efficiently manage the garbage collection by the Municipal Corporation and will resolve the major environmental issue of inefficient garbage collection leads to a clean and healthy environment.


We swear by 'science', though the very word begs for a precise definition. Allopathy (read 'modern medicine') dominates the therapeutic scene because of its ostensible scientific approach. Its hegemony may be gleaned from the fact that the leading text Clinical Pharmacology( 1) asserts non-allopathic systems do not merit to be even called 'alternative': "The term complementary seems to make a less ambitious claim than alternative medicine, and is preferred." Having declared that it is "for all concerned with evidence-based therapy," the book states: "Features common to complementary medicine cults are absence of scientific thinking, naive acceptance of hypotheses, uncritical acceptance of causation, e.g. reliance on anecdote, and assumption that if recovery follows treatment it is due to the treatment, and close attention to the patient's personal sfeelings." This article will show that allopathy commits the same conceptual crimes.


Three-dimensional shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction region induced by a blunt protuberance is experimentally investigated. Experiments are performed under the testing condition of freestream Mach number of 2, 3 and 4 with almost adiabatic wall condition. The primary separation lines locate almost same position irrespective of freestream Mach number, and freestream Mach number independence on the primary separation region is revealed. However, detailed flow structures for each Mach number are different. Pressure begins to rise at slightly ahead of the primary separation line where stream lines begin to deflect outward. As freestream Mach number is increased, the maximum pressure becomes higher but locations, where the pressure begins to rise and reaches to its maximum level, exist at almost same locations respectively regardless of freestream Mach numbers. The oscillating separated shock waves are observed in the interaction region by instantaneous shadow graph technique and significant unsteady flow structure is captured.


Newly adopted federal privacy regulations set a high standard for control of medical information that all medical offices and clinics must meet. Yet, the federal government can't even secure its own database of medical information. We have less than two years to come into full compliance with regulations that may well change over the coming months, making compliance a moving target. Learn the history of our privacy rights and regulations. And preview the privacy debates and dilemmas that await our digital society.


REE concentrations of twenty-five mineralized skarn samples have been analyzed using ICP-MS. Homogenization temperatures of melt inclusions in garnet, secondly in pyroxene and calcite from eight samples were determined. Melt inclusions in garnet from some skarn samples have been analyzed by electron probe. They all contain melt inclusions in garnet, pyroxene or calcite. Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns of mineralized skarn samples have two outstanding characteristics. One is characterized by right-inclined curves of enriched LREE; the other is by positive Eu anomalies for majority of skarns. Three types of chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns are present. Type 1 shows straight-lines with not too large slope. Type 2 is broken line with a peak at Ce, namely convex up in the light REE (LREE) with a maximum at Ce (a few samples have not peaks, and curves in the LREE display domed shape). Type 3 is transition REE distribution patterns. It is difficult to distinguish genesis of skarns using geochemical characteristics of their rare earth elements under these circumstances of limited REE data at present.


Prior researches have examined the impact of social media in various settings, there has been yet any research that investigates the effect of social media on small startup companies' success in various stages. Drawing on the signaling and information asymmetry theory, this research-in-progress proposes to study the effect of social media on small IT start-ups' success in VC fundraising and exits. We argue that IT startups' social media activities provide signals to potential investors to reduce their uncertainty on product quality, which could have the positive impact on small IT start-ups' success. We obtain our data on startups from a proprietary database called National Establishment Time-Series (NETS), which covers about 75% of the U.S. economy, public and private, at the establishment level. It provides an annual record that includes establishment job creation and destruction, sales growth performance, etc. We merge them with startups' social media data (if available) collected from the most well-known and used platform – Facebook, where not only individuals, but also businesses create profiles or public pages to advertise their company info and engage their customers and investors. We use Facebook API to collect detailed information on all activities at startups' Facebook pages such as post id, post time, post type, Firm Generated Content (FGC), User Generated Content (UGC) post content, post link, and engagement data (e.g., "Like", "Comment", and "Share") related to each individual post. Going forward, we will apply topic modeling for each post to extract the hidden topics embedded on those posts. Topic modeling is a machine learning technique to discover abstract topics from a collection of documents. We could discover hidden topics embedded on FGC and UGC. Based on the output of topic modeling, we could test the relationship between mentioning certain topic in social media and its likelihood of getting VC funding and/or other performance measure. Our preliminary topic modeling analysis shows heterogenous patterns of the firms' post on Facebook and we will use this as additional independent variables. Our main dependent variable of interest is VC success. To measure that, we collect the data on VC rounds and amount received by each startup firm from the VentureXpert database by Thomson source for comprehensive information covering venture, buyouts, funds, private equity, firms, executives, portfolio companies and limited partners. Data on ventures' exits such as IPOs and merger and acquisitions are obtained from Thomson One database (previously referred as SDC Platinum U.S. M&A Database). We employ an econometric identification strategy called Difference-in-Differences (DiD) to build the causal relationship between Facebook appearance and activity, and the outcome of VC fundraising and ultimately, startups' successful exits. We use propensity score matching technique to construct a "control" group (without Facebook appearance) that are comparable to the treatment group (with Facebook appearance and activity) in terms of year, industry and some firm characteristics. Then, DiD compares the dependent variable not only across the treatment/control group, but also over time (before and after). We will also use machine learning technique such as topic modeling to disaggregate the user and firm generated contents on social media and test their differential effects on outcomes.


Principal component analysis (PCA) and principal coordinate analyses (PCoA) suggests that Vachellia collinsii and V. pennatula occasionally hybridize. This putative hybrid shows a relationship to V. collinsii with some enlarged stipular spines that are rarely inhabited by ants, some leaflets with Beltian bodies, and usually 2 to 4 enlarged and cup-shaped petiolar glands. In contrast, the putative hybrid shows a relationship to V. pennatula with many pinna-pairs/leaf, numerous leaflets/pinna, small leaflets, and puberulent leaves. The hybrid between V. collinsii and V. pennatula (Vachellia  ziggyi) is described. Published on-line www.phytologia.org Phytologia 95(4): 296-301 (Nov. 1, 2013). ISSN 030319430


We report structural, electrical, and optical data for GaN samples grown on both 6H‐SiC and sapphire substrates. A two‐stage substrate preparation procedure was employed for removing oxygen from 6H‐SiC and c‐plane sapphire substrates without the need for elaborate high‐temperature thermal degassing. Both sapphire and SiC substrates were treated with hydrogen plasma to reduce the surface contamination as evidenced by the observation of sharp (1×1) reconstruction RHEED (reflected high‐energy electrons diffraction) patterns. Thin AlN buffer layers were employed and the crystalline quality of GaN films was studied by temperature‐dependent Hall measurements, photoluminescence, and x‐ray diffraction. Layers with room‐temperature mobilities as high as 580 cm2/V s on SiC substrates were obtained.


Exotic nuclei and superheavy element research is in a transition phase from experiments at the existing facilities of GSI towards the construction and exploitation of new instruments at the international facility FAIR. Prospective physics opportunities are outlined and illustrated by highlight results from the ongoing research programme together with novel instrumental developments and strategies.


Shortly after we had demonstrated in this laboratory (1) that nutritional anemia could be induced in rabbits by a diet of cow's whole milk, and that this anemia could not be corrected by inorganic iron unless it was supplemented with a natural food material, or a preparation from this material, we attempted to use chicks as experimental animals for anemia studies. A survey of the literature at that time indicated that chickens had been used rarely for studies of this nature. The only work found was that of Coppela, as he is quoted by Stockman (2), who was able to reduce the hemoglobin in cocks to 33 per cent by feeding a diet containing no iron and to increase it, in 5 days, to 65 per cent by the addition of ferric lactate. We were interested in using chicks because they are readily available laboratory animals and because we wished to obtain results with animals other than rabbits. Since that time rats have also been used in this laboratory (3) and it was the work with this animal which demonstrated the importance of copper as a supplement to iron for hemoglobin building (4). In this paper we wish to present some of the fundamental facts observed during the work with the chicks, and to give the results which demonstrated that copper has the same favorable effect upon the hemoglobin synthesis in the chick as it has in the rat.


The odor active compounds in subcutaneous fat of Jinhua ham fermented for 18 months were extracted by solvent-assisted flavorevaporation( SAFE) and simultaneous distillation extraction( SDE) methods and analyzed by gas chromatography-Olfactrometry-mass spectrometry( GC-O-MS). Totally 40 odorants were detected by SAFE while 22 odorants were detected by SDE. About 10 odorants were identified as key odor active compounds,which were hexanal,heptanal,isopropyl disulfide,octanal,( E)-2-octenal,3-methylbutanoic acid,( E,E)-2,4-decadienal,γ-decalactone,andγ-undecalactone.


ABSTRACT We outline a subclass of linear-rational term structure models, based on CEV dynamics. A tractable and arbitrage-free term structure results from the linear-rational aspect of the model, independently of the term-structure volatility dynamics that follow from the CEV specification. This specification is devised to capture a flexible degree of volatility-level dependence, i.e., the degree to which yield-curve volatility depends on yield levels. We estimate the model based on a panel of South African swap rates, and extract the degree of volatility-level dependence inherent in the time series of rates, without interference from the shape of the swap curve. The CEV exponent parameters are found to be essential for matching the low degree of volatility-level dependence that tends to be observed in the high interest-rate environments of emerging markets.


This paper describes the use of viewing time (VT), how long a subject looks at a probable sexual stimulus, as an alternative to penile plethysmography (PPG). We then trace the history of VT to assess sexual interest from 1942 to the present. The first computer-generated stimulus set for PPG was developed by Canadian researchers. This set was tested using VT by the second author and found valid. The unavailability of the set for further use resulted in the authors developing a new, computermodified set with an alternate form version. This required the modification and compositing of images of real people. The proposed research using this set is described. To avoid using real photographic imagery in the future we propose use of specialized computer software that permits development of images from scratch. VT is a limited technology and we close with descriptions of new ways to assess sexual interest and behaviour using virtual reality and virtual environments.


The author has previously examined the effects of the new glycosides rhodexin A and B found in the leaves and the rhizome of Omoto or Rhodea japonica on isolated hearts of frogs and found that both show cardiac effect, which is similar to that of digitoxin. Then, I tried to follow up their effect on the mammalian hearts and using isolated hearts of guinea-pigs and rabbits as material, have studied the effects of rhodexin on them and the influence of CaCl2 and KCl on its effect on the heart, as reported in the following.


In this paper, a method to evaluate path-oriented queries in document databases is proposed. The main idea of this method is to handle the evaluation of a path-oriented query as a tree inclusion problem. A new algorithm for tree-inclusion is discussed, which integrates a top-down process into a bottom-up searching strategy. On the one hand, the algorithm can be arranged to access the data on disk page-wise and fits therefore within a database environment. On the other hand, the algorithm can be combined with the signature indexing technique to cut off useless subtree inclusion checking as early as possible. Experiments have been conducted to compare this method with some existing approaches, which shows that the integration of the signatures into the top-down tree inclusion is highly promising.


Abstract The paper identifies a new rule in the tax discourse – the versatility rule. Calabresi and Melamed's landmark article contributed to the legal discussion despite paying relatively little attention to taxation. This paper analyzes income tax, Calabresi and Melamed's rules and Rawls' theory, and examines whether Calabresi and Melamed's pioneering work on liability, property and inalienability rules can be integrated into income tax discourse (and other legitimate property expropriations); and claims that these rules assist in understanding the essence of taxation. The question is analyzed from the Rawlsian perspective since his concern with the "least advantaged" and inequality in society poses a serious global challenge. The paper offers a unique analysis by showing that in the tax field all rules protect the same entitlement at the same time against the same entity – the government. This concurrent implementation of Calabresi and Melamed's rules in taxation can only take place when taxation is understood as both "giving" and "taking". Although the paper aims at increasing distributive goals, it appears that efficient outcome is its byproduct. Integrating Calabresi and Melamed's rules into the tax discourse via Rawls' theory not only elucidates the versatility rule but also blurs the distinction between the protection and transfer rules, and highlights the reciprocity of the duty and right to pay taxes. Since Calabresi and Melamed's classical work, many scholars have significantly modified the existing rules and developed new ones, such as the Solomonic entitlement and the pliability rule, though no one has thus far proposed a scenario in which all remedies simultaneously apply against the same entity.


We extend Reider's freeness criterion to normal surfaces of characteristic 0.
Let Y be a normal surface.
Let D be a nef divisor on Y such that K_Y+D is a Cartier divisor.
Let x be a point on Y.
If x is a base point of |K_Y+D| and D^2>\delta_x (\delta_x is determined by x, \delta_x <= 4) then there exists a non zero effective divisor E on Y passing through x such that
0 <= DE <= \delta_x /2,
DE - \delta_x /4 <= E^2 <= (DE)^2 / D^2,
E^2 < 0 if DE=0.


ABSTRACT This article seeks to present an original and distinct contribution to the literature on internationalisation of Higher Education, by focusing on the very mundane processes through which agreement is reached on the nuts and bolts of the enactment of 'internationalisation', and the nature of 'internationalisation' as an experience, not just for students, about whom there is quite an extensive literature, but for the academics and administrators responsible for bringing it into being. It thus aims to provide an alternative understanding of internationalisation of Higher Education from that most commonly found in macro-level studies, through a focus on how internationalisation is creating a new set of cross-national shared institutional practices.


Considers a cellular system architecture based on Multi-Receiver Multiple Access (MRMA). The upper and lower bounds on the spectrum efficiency of this architecture are calculated and compared with the efficiency of existing cellular systems. In some cases, a MRMA-based system is shown to have a higher potential capacity, nearly double that of existing systems, but at the cost of higher complexity. Previous work has shown these systems to be well suited for data traffic and work is underway to determine the suitability of such systems for voice and integrated voice/data traffic.<<ETX>>


The beguine movement is a most remarkable phenomenon in the history of the Low Countries, but it still remains to be explained. The skewed sex ratio, diminished access to convents, and religious revival of the late Middle Ages seem insufficient to explain the movement in the long run. This chapter argues that the specific attitude toward women in the Low Countries that originated with the emergence of the European Marriage Pattern created a fertile and unique basis for the beguinages to develop: the beguinages may have offered women in the Low Countries safety and security if they chose to remain single.


A new method of diagnosing failure within large series connected battery packs is presented taking the Toyota Prius as a specific case study. The new method involves plotting battery minimum and maximum block number against battery current in a histogram type plot. Failures such as corroded sensing wires, "bathtub" type capacity fading throughout the battery pack and individual module of block failures can be easily identified using this method. A relationship between Cbulk of the two capacitor model and the capacity of the battery module is also briefly presented and confirmed using a measurement of the slope of the discharge curves. The two capacitor model is then built to confirm the new method with good results.


Antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medications continue to be a critical component in the treatment of schizophrenia. Despite numerous advances in brain imaging, genetics, and neurochemistry, the pharmacologic agents routinely used to treat schizophrenia have not changed markedly over the last 30 years. The introduction of clozapine, however, represents an important step in drug development and has stimulated renewed activity in this area. In addition, its novel effects have had a heuristic value in efforts to better understand neuropharmacologic mechanisms.


Under random boundary disturbances 2D generalized Burgers' equation exhibits the important phenomenon of stochastic supersensitivity like that under deterministic boundary disturbances.Generalized polynomial chaos expansion is used to represent the random processes to transform the equation into a set of equations containing no random variables that can be solved by Chebyshev spectral collocation methods.As no analytical results are available,traditional Monte Carlo simulations are adopted to validate the solutions obtained from generalized polynomial chaos methods.


Statistical characterization of the MUSIC sample null spectrum is presented for an arbitrary number of (possibly) correlated emitters observed by a general array. A remarkably simple expression is developed for the spectral covariance matrix in the vicinity of the emitters. The covariance result together with prior mean spectral results support a Gaussian characterization in the neighborhood of the emitters for many scenarios. It is shown that the sample spectrum is exactly Wishart distributed in the emitter directions. The results can be utilized to quantify a variety of performance metrics. As an illustration, models based on physical parameters are constructed for the curve of probability of resolution versus signal-to-noise ratio. The models predict the curve with a high degree of accuracy for example scenarios. >


Physicist Alan Sokal achieved a moment of fame by announcing that he had succeeded in publishing an article in the cultural studies journal Social Text, which was 'sprinkled with nonsense' about developments in quantum gravity physics that supposedly converge with post- modernist themes. Sokal announced his hoax in an article in the liter ary magazine Lingua Franca. This touched off an intense flurry of commentary. Many commentators praised Sokal for exposing shoddy editorial standards in the cultural studies field, while others denounced him for committing scientific fraud. With few exceptions, both Sokal's celebrants and detractors accepted his claim that he did not believe what he said in the Social Text article. Under the circumstances, it is puzzling that they took seriously what he said in Lingua Franca, and did not con sider that he was once again 'successfully pretending to be himself'. In this paper, I suggest that the Lingua Franca article also achieved a parody, and that those who took Sokal seriously were once again taken in by the voice of scientific authority.


This paper deals with the problem of observer design for networked visual servo control systems with time varying delayed and sampled output. The proposed observer called new continuous state observer is motivated by the communication disturbance observer which is proposed to solve the time delay problem. Different from the current work, this paper aimed at improving the communication disturbance observer and making it suitable for the case of delayed and sampled output. The proposed continuous state observer has a very simple structure and can be easily implemented. The stability of this observer is also analyzed and demonstrated. Finally, some simulation results are sketched to demonstrate significant performance improvement of the proposed observer.


The utility model provides a noctilucent USB data line which facilitates charging and data connecting use at night. The noctilucent USB data line is designed by making use of the characteristics of an LED lamp which has low energy consumption, high brightness, a long service lifetime, etc. An LED luminescent circuit is arranged inside a joint. The outer side of the joint is wrapped by an LED lamp strip layer. The joint sequentially connects a USB interface and a data line. A touch switch is arranged on the front surface of the LED lamp strip in an embedding way. The noctilucent USB data line achieves the using aims of cost effectiveness, convenience and high efficiency.


In the article the content of operational experiment and provocation of bribe is revealed by the authors, is conducted the relationship of the concepts indicated, and the conditions of the lawfulness of operational experiment also are called. They are proposed by the authors to the method of solution of the problems, connected with conducting of operational experiment


The Big Data is the most popular concept in the field of science and technology after cloud computing. The whole world has entered the era of Big Data, as well as the military field. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of equipment support dada and the requirements of equipment support capacity building under the background of Big Data, this paper proposes the ways of equipment support capacity building, providing references for the construction of our army's equipment support capacity in the new era.


According to performance characteristics and functional requirements of EGR system, a set of EGR system was designed for supercharged diesel engine on light duty. This system employed continuous current dynamo EGR valve, and hardware circuit of control unit was designed and control software was authored implementing on Freescale MC9S12XS128. The universal characteristics of EGR ratio was tested after this system calibration and matching. Compared to traditional system, new EGR system has better actual control accuracy, improves the motorcycle economical efficiency under common duty and decreases NOx emission simultaneously.


In recent times, Nigeria had made series of attempt to know the population dynamics of her people but the results have always been associated with incompleteness and inaccuracy. This study presents the modeling and simulation of the decision support system for population census in Nigeria. A structural framework to implement an accurate and complete population census is presented with analytical models for the classification and tabulation of population parameters such as relation to head of household, sex, age, disability, home local government area, home place, address, literacy, educational qualification, work status, type of employment, sector of employment, marital status, statistics of marriage were formulated. The analytical model was prototyped using the decision support systems approach. The Microsoft visual basic programming language and embedding Microsoft excel where used. A case study of Ilutitun community was carried out to demonstrate the practical implementation of the designed DSS and the result suggested the population structures of the community.


Post-closure maintenance activities for various inactive copper tailings impoundments owned by BHP in Arizona (USA) require frequent erosion-related inspections and repairs. BHP assessed these recurring costs and post-closure hazards and commissioned a study of alternative methods to design a more robust, erosion-resistant solution. The study combined field erosion testing, 2D and 3D erosion models, and landform design tools in an innovative way that allowed BHP to make an informed decision regarding improvements to the erosional stability of the tailings impoundments.
The design team developed 3D surfaces of the linear and curvilinear slope profiles developed from WEPP modelling, and more complex 3D surfaces developed from the GeoFluvTM software. These surfaces were subjected to 3D landform evolution modelling using SIBERIA. Inputs to the SIBERIA model and GeoFluvTM software were informed using data collected during the field studies. Each SIBERIA model iteration provided insight regarding short-term and long-term erosion performance for each 3D surface and cover system. The design team produced initial and sustaining capital cost estimates for the final engineering designs based on this output.
This paper details the innovative approach taken to integrate field measures of erodibility, 2D and 3D models, and civil 3D design software to produce defensible long-term closure designs that are material and site specific, and cost-effective.


The Indian Constitution, the wealth of knowledge from our civilizational history, and the current socio-cultural-economic contexts must form the basis upon which the institutions of governance and policy must adapt to new challenges if they are to reflect the spirit and altered dynamics of the new India. To achieve India's and its people's aspirations, institutional reforms in governance and dynamic policy modifications that may seed and foster remarkable transformation are required. The government of India has formed NITI Aayog (National Institute for Transforming India) in place of the Planning Commission in order to adapt to current times and suit the needs and aspirations of the Indian people. This article examines the contributions of the National Planning Commission and the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog to the development of the Indian economy.


The present study aimed at investigating whether a nonlinear and scaling approach is suitable for statistically characterizing the spatial variability of soil geochemical element contents at field conditions. Spatial distributions of 20 soil geochemical elements' contents in an agricultural field soil were investigated. Two indicators of nonlinear scaling were employed, empirical probability distribution functions (pdfs) and structure functions. For the pdfs, a trend was discovered with major elements naturally occurring in the soil being hyperbolic and minor trace elements being close to Gaussian. Further, fertilizer management was found to modify the behavior of related elements. The structure functions were generally nonscaling for major elements and scaling for minor elements, however, without any noticeable effect of fertilizer application. The scaling was of both monoaffine and multiaffine type. This suggests that the random cascade models recently used within geophysics may be useful also for geochemical element variability in soil.


Development of information society is not the direct aim of the INPIRE, but creation of spatial information infrastructure is an important condition for such a society to function. The information society must have general access of the spatial information created by public administration. In the paper, an analysis of Polish public registers, in particular those containing reference spatial data, is presented from the point of view of the expectations and needs of the information society. Relatively weak social reception of the Public Information Bulletin (BIP) is indicated. The practice shows that the Internet community, which is the nucleus of the information society, requires dynamic and expressive information provided in a language understandable for an average citizen. It is necessary to improve comprehensibility of public registers and spatial information should be helpful to achieve it. A positive example is the Polish spatial services website – Geoportal.gov.pl, enjoying growing interest of Internet users. In comparison to commercial websites, it is distinguished by a wide scope of information, including e.g. geometric data of registered plots. Further on, attention is drawn to the need of promotional actions of the INSPIRE idea, particularly among young people, including the fundamental role of metadata in spatial information infrastructure. Without metadata integration of data originating from different sources is not possible. Another element necessary for positive impact of INSPIRE on the development of information society is general broadband access to Internet. Summing up, the authors expressed their hope that public access to reliable spatial information will facilitate holding public discussions in search of optimal solutions in the area of spatial planning. This would be the INSPIRE contribution to the development of civic information society. dr in¿. Kazimierz Bujakowski email@example.com dr hab. Krystian Pyka, prof. AGH


For many years cancer disease has been a major problem for medical science. Recently many researchers have been focused on discovery of new materials that can control and stop the evolution of cancer diseases. Thus for improving drug delivery and decreasing drug's side effects, drug-loaded vehicle were developed to overcome the difficulties [13]. Graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have attracted much interest in recent years because of their important properties like electronic, mechanical, thermal, optoelectronic, magnetic and biological [4-10]. The applications of graphene for biosensors [11], nanocomposites [12], electronics [13], have been extensively studied. Also its potential for biomedical applications like drug loading and release has also been studied and reported by many researchers [14-15]. Cisplatin or cis-diammineplatinum(II) dichloride (CDDP) is an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used in the treatment of many cancers [16-17]. However, to minimize the side effects of cisplatin a targeted drug delivery system or drug controlled release system is considered as one of the most effective approaches. Y. Ni et al. [18] reported an investigation of interaction between GO and a medicinal drug (10-hydroxy camptothecin (HCPT)). They demonstrated that HCPT was easily loaded on GO via the π – π stacking interaction, and the delivery of HCPT was improved in the presence of GO. D. Depan et al. [19] described a method of non-covalent type of functionalization by attaching doxorubicin (an antitumor medicinal drug (DOX)) to graphene oxide via π – π stacking interaction, followed by encapsulation of graphene oxide with folic acid conjugated chitosan. The aim of our study was to obtain GO from graphite via chemical oxidation and to covalently functionalize the obtained GO with CDDP, using an activating system based on 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS).


The fracture process of a prismatic notched beam subjected to a dynamic loading was investigated numerically. Two different approaches for post-treating the finite element analysis performed at the structural scale were tested. First results of the predictions of crack location and opening for the two approaches at different loading steps are presented and compared to the experimental data.


This study investigated the effect of inclusion and mastery teaching styles on learning long jump activity for the physical education students. Forty physical education students, from University of Babylon in the Iraq were divided in 2 groups (control and experiment) each group involved 20 students were participated in the study, control group used an approach which included mastery style and experiment group used an approach which included inclusion style. Experimental research design was used to conduct present study. Two different teaching styles were included in current study such as inclusion and mastery teaching styles. Researchers filmed long jump performance activity and was evaluated by 3 experts. Results exposed that both groups were developed on level of students in long jump activity. In addition, significant differences were revealed on effect of inclusion and mastery teaching styles on developing level of performance of long jump activity but in favor of inclusion style.


Visualizing individual data, empirical distributions, and summary statistics for small to moderate sized samples (≤ 500) is critical in early phases of drug research. We developed a customized SAS® macro, %HangingDotPlot, which displays dot plots with parametric or distribution‐free descriptive statistics and confidence intervals simultaneously on the same page for multiple groups of data. Potential statistical outliers are identified with a fence rule adapted from an adjusted box plot for skewed distributions, which incorporates the medcouple, a robust measure of skewness. WIREs Comput Stat 2013, 5:62–67. doi: 10.1002/wics.1241


Navpreet Singh M. tech Scholar, CSE & IT Deptt., BBSB Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India (IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar) email@example.com Dr. Kanwalvir Singh Dhindsa Professor, CSE & IT Deptt., BBSB Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India (IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar) firstname.lastname@example.com ----------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------In cloud computing environment, various users send requests for the transmission of data for different demands. The access to different number of users increase load on the cloud servers. Due to this, the cloud server does not provide best efficiency. To provide best efficiency, load has to be balanced. The highlight of this work is the division of different jobs into tasks. The job dependency checking is done on the basis of directed acyclic graph. The dependency checking the make span has to be created on the basis of first come first serve and priority based scheduling algorithms. In this paper, each scheduling algorithm has been implemented sequentially and the hybrid algorithm (round robin and priority based) has also been compared with other scheduling algorithms.


Based on GC-MS analysis methods and refueling simulating experiment,the backgroud oil fingerprint Diagnostic ratio changes and refueling effect of the seawater in Shilaoren Beach in Qingdao were studied.Meanwhile,the application and reasonable choice of Diagnostic ratios were analyzed.The results showed that in the seawater of Shilaoren,the concentration of n-Alkanes ranged from 1.08 to 2.21 μg/L,16 PAHs varied from 184.48 to 328.59 ng/L,the relative content of alkyl PAHs C1-N,C2-N,C3-N,C1-P were 52%,27%,15% and 6%.The nature of Diagnostic ratios,the Diagnostic ratios gap between background and oil,and the capacity of oil dissolved in seawater,reduced the accuracy and precision of the Diagnostic ratios,and even produced error,resulting in miscarriage of justice.To improve the accuracy in the process of oil spill identification,it worked better choosing diagnostic ratios which did not exist in the background,or did not exist in the oil source to narrow the scope of the oil source.


The establishment of a phylogenetic tree is a prerequisite for studying the evolution of virulence. The current nomenclature of the genus Salmonella is based on this phylogenetic tree and distinguishes only two species: Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. If acquisition of SPI-1 introduced a virulence factor required for the pathogenesis of diarrheal disease, then mutational inactivation of this determinant should attenuate Salmonella serotypes in animal models of gastroenteritis. The contribution of the invasion-associated type III secretion system to serotype Typhimurium pathogenesis in this animal model has recently been investigated using strains carrying mutations in hilA and prgH. The majority of antibodies elicited by immunization with heat-killed serotype Typhimurium or with a live-attenuated serotype Typhimurium aroA vaccine is directed against the immunodominant O-antigen. Mathematical models predict that in this between-serotype competition, the serotype with higher transmissibility will dominate and eventually eliminate its competitor. The generation of O-antigen polymorphism through horizontal gene transfer was therefore a likely mechanism that allowed Salmonella serotypes to adapt to the enhanced immune memory encountered in warm-blooded hosts. The fljB gene is present in biphasic S. enterica subspecies but absent from monophasic S. enterica subspecies and Escherichia coli, suggesting its acquisition by horizontal gene transfer. A primary pathogen can be defined as an organism capable of entering a host and finding a unique niche to multiply and avoid or subvert the host defenses, the outcome of which may be clinical disease manifestations.


Securities and Exchange Organization of Iran, has required companies to provide forecasts of future earnings, the forecast earnings per share at the end of each quarter. One of the methods expected profits are profit forecasts by managers. Given that the responsibility for the preparation and presentation of financial statements are the responsibility of business unit managers, and information provided in the context of the financial statements and explanatory notes attached, widely, are based on forecasts and estimates managers, so amount of knowledge and skills managers are an important role in providing financial information. The present research is to study the Investigating between Managerial Ability and Management Earnings Forecasts Error. Population are listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2004 to 2010 to test the hypothesis, we used multiple linear regression model, Baik et al (2011). The results show that there is a significant negative correlation between the ability of managers and the error rate of profit forecasts by managers and to enhance the ability of managers to increase efficiency and reduce errors profit forecasts by managers.


The molecular weight of the malate-lactate transhydrogenase as determined by sedimentation-diffusion and high-speed-equilibrium methods is approximately 70000. Dissociation of the protein with guanidine-HCl, sodium dodecylsulfate or citraconic acid anhydride yields a homogeneous preparation for which molecular weight values ranging from 30000 to 43000 have been found. The transhydrogenase thus appears to be a dimer, composed of two subunits and an NAD+/NADH equivalent binding weight of 35000.

Addition of a 33-fold excess of citraconic acid anhydride based on the lysine content of the transhydrogenase was necessary for complete dissociation. This was accompanied by a complete loss of enzymatic activity and release of the bound NAD+/NADH, which, in the native enzyme, is very tightly bound. Attempts to restore enzymatic activity as well as to reform the dimer structure after removal of the citraconyl groups, even in the presence of NAD+ were unsuccessful. Partial citraconylation while destroying most of the enzymatic activity did not cause release of the NAD+/NADH prosthetic groups. The enzymatic activity of these preparations can be partially restored upon removal of the citraconyl groups. Apparently, removal of the prosthetic groups is associated with irreversible denaturation and the transhydrogenase represents a case where native configuration is extremely dependent on the binding of the prosthetic group.


Critical limb ischemia (CLI), which is at the end of the peripheral artery disease (PAD) spectrum, is associated with excessively high risk for cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, and death.[1][1], [2][2], [3][3] Mortality rates as high as 20% within 6 months from diagnosis and