EQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum IAQ Performance EQ Prerequisite 1, which is intended to establish minimum indoor air quality performance for the building, requires compliance with ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. Version 2.1 referenced the 2001 version of Standard 62. The 2004 version includes signifi cant revisions, including adoption of Addendum 62n that completely revised the Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP). As with prior versions of LEED-NC, this prerequisite requires that outdoor air LEED and Standard 62.1 ®


Abstract In this article we analysed the influence of plant-based organic admixtures on the germination process of seeds and the early development of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings. The intensity of dumpin-off diseases within the culture was recorded after applying each of the admixtures. Organic material of nettle Urtica dioica L., softwood litter, hardwood litter and peat were applied to the nursery substrate in two ways, either as an admixture in crushed form or in granulated form. None of the introduced admixtures influenced the germination of seeds or the survival rate of pine seedlings positively. The best results were obtained with a substrate without admixtures used as a control, which is the most common nursery substrate. The worst seed germination rate was observed on the substrate enriched with the organic material from nettles. In pots with granulated organic material from hardwood litter, significantly more seedlings showed signs of post-emergence dermatitis. In all other cases, there was no clear difference between the crushed or granulated admixture in either germination or survival of seedlings. We furthermore demonstrated that the process of granulating plant material leads to an approximately 10-fold increase in the bulk density of the granulated substance, which translates directly into volume reduction.


New type thermal container for infant, belongs to medical instruments technical field.The technical solution of the utility model is: new type thermal container for infant, comprise couveuse and manual operation platform, it is characterized in that being provided with infanette on couveuse, on infanette, be provided with insulated electro hot plate, on couveuse, be provided with calorstat, on calorstat, be provided with blue light fluorescent tube, on calorstat, be provided with mini light night, on calorstat, be provided with temperature sense meter, on calorstat, be provided with humidity inductive meter.This utility model is simple in structure, easy to use, effectively solved medical worker and can not nurse timely or because forgeing the problem that produces potential safety hazard baby when ewborn infant is nursed, operate easy, time saving and energy saving, greatly alleviated medical worker's work difficulty.


The Commonwealth government's 2002-03 Intergenerational Report is one in a series of reports required by the Charter of Budget Honesty Act. While there are differing opinions as to the accuracy of the fiscal projections made in the report and the appropriateness of the policy responses it favours, there is also more fundamental point of contention in the arguments of the report: the question of what is wrong or problematic about future generations facing a greater tax burden or a greater level of public debt, than we do (in the circumstances projected in the report). These are philosophical questions that engage ethical concerns about distributive fairness and justice, and the nature of our moral obligations to future generations.


A panel discussion between representatives of four major government funding agencies (Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, and Office of Naval Research) and the magnetism research community was held concerning the role of government research funding in the field of magnetism. The program consisted of presentations by each of the four agency representatives and a response by a representative of the university research community. The floor was then opened for comments and questions by the audience. This article summarizes both the prepared presentations and the response of the audience.


The kinetics of the reactions of 5'-AMP and 5'-GMP with excess cis-[Pt(NH,),CI,] in the presence of KCI at pH* 6.5 have been investigated by 'H NMR and analyzed by nonlinear numerical integration and optimization techniques. The species formed have been further characterized by 195Pt NMR. The reaction with 5'-AMP involves a branching pathway: 5'-AMP reacts with ~ i s [ P t ( N H ~ ) ~ c l , ] to form either species IA or IIA; species IA and IIA then react with cis-[Pt(NH3),CI,] to form species IIIA, the final product of the reaction. Species IA, IIA, and IIIA arise from Pt binding in a monodentate mode to N7, N1, and both N1 and N7 of the adenine ring, respectively. The reaction with 5'-GMP proceeds as follows: 5'-GMP reacts with ~ i s [ P t ( N H ~ ) ~ c l ~ ] to form species IG and IIG either simultaneously or in sequence (the latter being unlikely on structural grounds); species IG and IIG are in equilibrium which is rapid in terms of the overall reaction, such that the ratio of the concentrations of species IG to that of species IIG is constant throughout the entire course of the reaction, but slow on the 'H NMR scale as two distinct signals are seen in the 'H NMR spectrum, separated by only 10 Hz at the spectrometer frequency of 270 MHz. The final step of the reaction involves the conversion of species IG and IIG into species IIIG. From the kinetic data, one cannot discern whether species IIIG is formed directly from species IG and indirectly from species IIG via species IG. or vice versa. We propose that species IG and IIG are rotamers with Pt binding in a monodentate mode at N7 of the guanine ring, rotation occurring about the Pt-N7 bond, and that species IIIG is a chelate in which the Pt atom forms a bridge between N7 and the 6-keto group.


Abstract : The target acquisition fire support model (TAFSM) is a large scale, automated, artillery combat simulation model. This model has been developed over a period of years to include increasingly large and realistic battlefield situations and still retain its efficiency. To process more complicated battlefield scenarios within time constraints, units on the battlefield must be grouped into clusters, which will then be treated as a single entity in further processing. These clusters fall into three categories: circular clusters, linear clusters, and on-line clusters. To perform clustering within the time constraints, two classic clustering algorithms were modified to meet the stringent efficiency constraints. To detect circular clusters, a template-matching technique was designed. Linear and on-line clusters were found using an algorithm that has roots in the single-link clustering method. These algorithms were implemented and tested on 59 data sets from the TAFSM simulation. The new algorithms ran within a few seconds and created reasonable clusterings. (AN)


Writing is an activity to express idea, thoughts or even experiences of the form of paragraph. Writing as one of four basic language skills is considered as the most difficult to study. In writing, the students have to know the component of language especially in vocabulary and grammar. Without knowing both vocabulary and grammar, the students cannot create good writing. The fact shows that the students find difficulties in writing. They cannot make good sentence because the vocabulary is still low. Teaching media has been used in this research to improve writing ability of the students. Super Learning is one kind of technique to improve their writing ability.
 The objectives of the research are to find out a) Super Learning can improve writing descriptive text of the tenth grade students of SMA NU AL MA'RUF KUDUS b) to find out the students response on Super Learning technique in writing descriptive text of the tenth grade students of SMA NU AL MA'RUF KUDUS.
This research is a Collaborative Classroom Action Research. In one cycle of Classroom Action Research consists of 4 steps: planning, action, observing and reflecting. The subject of this research is the students of tenth grade of SMA NU AL MA'RUF KUDUS in academic year 2013/2014 that consists of 31 student. To collect data the writer uses 2 kinds of instruments; observation sheet, achievement test.
After doing 2 cycles, the writer found improvement of students' writing descriptive text and students' response from each cycle. In the cycle 1, the students' average score of was 67.41. In the cycle II, the students' average score was 80.80. In the cycle I,the students' achievement in writing descriptive still low. In the cycle II, the students' achievement in writing descriptive text was good. Furthermore, from the observation sheet there was improvement the students' response in each cycle. In the cycle 1, the students' response was low, some of them were still confused with the teacher explanation. In cycle II, the students' response was better than cycle 1, the looked enthusiastic in teaching and learning process.
So, from this research, the writer can conclude that Super Learning technique can improve the writing descriptive text of the tenth grade students of SMA NU AL MA'RUF KUDUS in academic year 2013/2014.


At present, business education has gradually shifted from training specialized talents oriented by a certain vocational ability to training interdisciplinary and compound business talents based on industry orientation. So, vocational ability needs to be endowed with new connotation. At the macro level, the new business department provides students with interdisciplinary education with new ideas, new models, new methods and new platforms. At the micro level, the key to the success of the new business reform is to reconstruct the education and teaching system guided by the new vocational ability. This paper combs and dissolves the historical evolution of vocational ability training of business, and precisely locates the distribution point of vocational ability of new business. On this basis, the paper proposes a new construction of the vocational ability cultivation system of structured new business.


This paper aims to demonstrate, theoretically and conceptually, that communication in organizations, from the study of chaos theory, is a sort of dissipative structure that influences and determines organizational behavior. The possibility of structuring a new paradigm in which the second principle of thermodynamics, known as entropy and the concept of dissipative structures, are interrelated and allow us to understand the role of communication in organizations as a regulator of chaos and order. This work leads us to the study of predictability without resorting to complex mathematical equations. The formulation of a combination of variables in which cause-effect relationships are exposed. In this way, it is tried to demonstrate that from the dynamic systems, a same communicative phenomenon with two enormously close or near conditions; Sooner or later, it will follow completely different, independent and divergent trajectories, beyond its temporal horizon of predictability.


This paper proposes an automatic method for Brain tumor stage classification using Probabilistic neural network and Graphical user interface (GUI). The neural network will be used to classify the stage of Brain Tumor that is benign, malignant or normal. And also very small tumors from MRI images can also be identified very faster by this proposed algorithm. The detection of the Brain Tumor is a challenging problem in medical applications, due to the structure of the Tumor cells. This project presents a segmentation method, KMeans clustering algorithm, for segmenting Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) to detect the Brain Tumor in its early stages. The segmentation results will be used as a base for a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for early detection of Brain Tumor which will improve the chances of survival of the patient. Detection and extraction of tumour from MRI scan images of the brain is done by using software, developed in MATLAB.


EDITOR,—Anita Rampling's editorial will have struck a chill in the hearts of many food lovers.1 Her suggestion that, with pasteurisation as the first stage of production of all milk products, "all cheeses could be relied upon as delicious …foods" does not stand up to scrutiny. If acted on it would deprive us of much …


Synthesis and analysis of flufenamic acid were introduced,and three primary synthetic methods were compared.Specrtophotometry was the primary analytic method for flufenamic acid,but reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography would be much more applied in practice.


A sealing band having a plurality of stages used in the turbine, each stage comprising a rotary disk and the rotary disk blade carried. At least one pair of adjacent rotatable discs defining an annular gap therebetween, said annular gap and having a positive relative sealing band corresponding receiving groove pair. Sealing tape comprising a plurality of sealing strips adjacent to each other are sequentially disposed adjacent to each other and adjacent to the sealing strip comprises opposite end surfaces facing relationship. In the bottom overlap portion adjacent to at least one end of the sealing strip is attached to at least one embodiment the end portion of the sealing strip and the sealing strip along the radially adjacent strip towards the seal extending beyond the side adjacent to the said end surface.


At present the use of the internet has become one of the basic needs for most people. With the Internet, we can find something related to our hobby. For that I am trying to make SMEs Football University Website Using PHP and MySQL Gunadarma. In this website will discuss the activities that will Gunadarma University Football is expected to provide information that is useful and beneficial to visitors of this site. In making this web-based applications will use the web programming language PHP and uses MySQL database applications.


The paper presents a model of hopping recharging between amphoteric defects (impurities) of a basic charge state that is neutral. It has been -proved that an increase of defect concentration brings about a decrease of the life period, which consequently leads to a transition from the band conductivity to the hopping conductivity. The transition criterion is when the life period and relaxation time values approach each other. Стаття поступила до редакції


This article examines the effects of men's and women's participation in micro credit programs on various indicators of women's empowerment using data from a special survey carried out in rural Bangladesh. These credit programs are well suited to studying how gender‐specific resources alter intrahousehold allocations because they induce differential participation by gender through the requirement that only one adult member per household can participate in any micro credit program. Empowerment is formalized as an unobserved latent variable reflecting common components of qualitative responses to a large set of questions pertaining to women's autonomy and decision‐making power. The empirical methods are attentive to various sources of endogeneity, and the results are consistent with the view that women's participation in micro credit programs helps to increase women's empowerment. The effects of male credit on women's empowerment were generally negative.


It is shown that there are three kinds of vortices in a superconductor; a vortex with the fluxoid quantum 1 (VF), a new vortex with 0 (VZF), and a vortex with -1 (VAF), respectively. The Hall field via three vortices is studied and found to change its sign, depending of the relative strength of contributions via VF and VAF, similar to that of a system with two kinds of carriers. VZF is suggested to act as a domain wall between VF and VAF regions, accounting for the flux and antiflux regions observed in Nb films.


The compilation of Chinese literary history found its achievements as well as losses during the period of the Republic of China.Its main achievements involve the gradual improvement of the compilation conception,maturity and variety of compilation methods,objectivity in compilation,and emphasis on the choice of relevant materials.Its main losses include the irregularity of compiling styles,too much subjectivity,and bias in the compiling conceptions.As the pioneer of the compilation of Chinese literary history,its achievements and losses can be taken as both reference and lesson.And it also laid a foundation for the better development of such compilation.


Whether cultured human trabecular meshwork cells express transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein was investigated. Total RNA of 106 cultured human trabecular meshwork cells was extracted with TRIZOL reagent, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used for detection of TGF-β2 messenger RNA, and the PCRproduct was verified by sequencing. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect TGF-β2 protein. The results showed that a single RT-PCR amplified product was obtained, and the sequence was homologous to the known sequence. TGF-β2 immunostaining was positive. It was concluded that trabecular meshwork cells could produce TGF-β2 and contribute to the presence of TGF-β2 in trabecular meshwork microenvironment as well as aqueous humor. Trabecular meshwork cells were affected by TGF-β2 not only through paracrine, but also autocrine action. Whether abnormal changes in TGF-β2 production contribute to the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma is worth further in vestigation.


The article deals with the problem of studying students' views of the instrumental competence of journalists (ICJ) as a predictor of their professional development. The urgency of the issues under consideration is justified by the need to use the Educational Data Mining (EDM) system in higher education institutions, which is caused by the contradictions between the contemporary demands of the journalism labour market and the professional training of graduates. In this regard, the proposed study is aimed at finding possible causes for existing contradictions. Based on the results of the study of educational documents and the review of the scientific literature, authors identified the 23 information computer technologies skills that are required for journalists to perform professional tasks. The students of the first year of study (N=207) of three universities were asked to evaluate the importance/necessity of these ICT skills. The used in the survey questionnaire, that consist of demographic and Likert-type questions, provided an opportunity to rank the importance of assessed skills and to identify through factor analysis four significant groups of ICJcomponents. They are web publishing skills, cybersecurity skills, multimedia content preparation skills, and media promotion tools. Authors compared the results of the first-year students' survey with the results of the analysis of educational programs in the speciality 061 "Journalism" (of Ukrainian universities) and identified the directions of possible improvement of the organizational component of journalistic education. The conclusions justify the using of illuminated research methodology to develop a system of analysis of educational perception data and propose prospective directions for further


Perceiving users' engagement accurately is important for technologies that need to respond to learners in a natural and intelligent way. In this paper, we address the problem of automated estimation of engagement from videos of child-robot interactions recorded in unconstrained environments (kindergartens). This is challenging due to diverse and person-specific styles of engagement expressions through facial and body gestures, as well as because of illumination changes, partial occlusion, and a changing background in the classroom as each child is active. To tackle these difficult challenges, we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning architecture for active learning and estimation of engagement from video data. The key to our approach is the learning of a personalized policy that enables the model to decide whether to estimate the child's engagement level (low, medium, high) or, when uncertain, to query a human for a video label. Queried videos are labeled by a human expert in an offline manner, and used to personalize the policy and engagement classifier to a target child over time. We show on a database of 43 children involved in robot-assisted learning activities (8 sessions over 3 months), that this combined human-AI approach can easily adapt its interpretations of engagement to the target child using only a handful of labeled videos, while being robust to the many complex influences on the data. The results show large improvements over a non-personalized approach and over traditional active learning methods.


Although a Doppler radar detects the respiratory motion in the non-contact way, there is a problem of the performance decrement in proportion to the distance between a radar and a human body due to the reduction of the reflected rate. A model-based method is proposed to evaluate the respiratory presence in such cases. This model expresses the chest-wall displacement. The expression is composed of the periodic function which has five parameters. This model has a new property that the inspiration and the expiration are given by each of the two independent parameters. Therefore the problem is solved by tracking the radar outputs using the particle filter framework. The experiment was carried out to the six subjects at the distance 3.25m. The result showed that there was the statistically significant difference between the evaluation value of the unattended state and that of the attended one. In addition, the estimated model was favorably compared with the reference data which was measured by the high-precision displacement sensor. Consequently, the efficacy of the proposed method for the long distance (>3.00m) and that of the proposed respiratory model are established.


We present a propagational formulation of resonant Raman scattering in terms of a master equation. An equivalent Fokker-Planck type equation for a classical quasi-probability distribution function is derived through the use of the positive P representation. Under the diffusion approximations in terms of a system size expansion over a coarse grained volume element, a set of Ito classical stochastic differential equations are obtained in a doubled space, which can be numerically integrated. Dynamic transition behavior for the Stokes field from spontaneous emission to stimulated emission through propagation can be studied when the intermediate states are not adiabatically eliminated.


The Chinese practice of productive labor and thought reform in correctional institutions is rooted in Chinese history and culture. It bears influence and reinforcement from the Western prison model of reform and rehabilitation introduced to China at the turn of the 20th century. However, it was not until the communist era that productive labor and thought reform were systematically instituted with a unified ideology and a military-style organization. This article examines productive labor and thought reform in terms of its history, rationale, process, and consequence. From a historical and comparative perspective, it shows what reference they may offer to Western corrections and how they may evolve with the open-up and reform policy in China.


One of the greatest criticisms of scientists is that many do a poor job conveying the importance of their work to the public. My graduate professor used to say that one should be able to take their research project and ''tell a story that even your Grandmother could understand.'' This statement was certainly not meant as a derogatory comment toward all of the grandmothers in the world. This was his ''not-so politically correct'' way of saying that we all need to think about a concise story, devoid of scientific jargon, to describe our research to the public. We have all had projects where the layperson's description was difficult to develop because of the complexity or proprietary nature of the work. However, the development of biomarkers of toxicity is one of the areas where the complexity of the science can be readily distilled to a concise story highlighting that one of the many areas of toxicological research has a big impact on the public. A biomarker is defined as a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention (Biomarkers Definitions Working Group, 2001). Removing the scientific jargon and applying this definition specifically to toxicology, the concept of a biomarker of toxicity is easy to describe to the public. We are looking for ''something'' that can be objectively measured that will provide a reliable signal indicating the compound being tested is about to have an adverse effect on a system. Ideally, the biomarker should appear early enough for administration of the compound to be stopped before any adverse effects manifest. In this issue of Toxicological Sciences, Nicolas Dagues, Valerie Pawlowski, Cecile Sobry, Gilles Hanton, Franc xoise Borde, Sylvain Soler, Jean-Louis Freslon, and Stephan Chevalier report on their work to discover a potential biomarker for vascular injury seen with phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors (Dagues et al., 2007). The mechanism of vascular-induced injury caused by PDE4 inhibitors is most likely very complex, and a complete understanding of the mechanism(s) of injury has not been elucidated. In the absence of the exact mechanism, Dagues et al. were able to ask some simple, yet elegant, questions of an acute model of vascular toxicity of PDE4 inhibitors in the rat that they developed to propose a potential biomarker that complements the current understanding of the mechanism of vascular injury caused by PDE4 inhibitors. To put this work into context, a summary of the potential of PDE4 as a drug target and the pitfalls encountered during the preclinical studies and clinical trials of PDE4 inhibitors is provided. PDE4 inhibitors have been long touted as having great promise for treating a wide variety of inflammatory diseases, improving memory in diseases of cognitive impairment, treating depression, and preventing restenosis of coronary vessels after bypass surgery (Zhang et al., 2005). While there continues to be great hope for oral PDE4 inhibitors, the development of these compounds has been complicated by dose-limiting gastrointestinal (GI) side effects and the development of vascular injury in the mesentery of rodents during preclinical studies. Many oral PDE4 inhibitors described to date have narrow to nonexistent margins of safety for both of these side effects when comparing preclinical exposures to expected efficacious doses. Emesis and diarrhea have been seen in preclinical and clinical studies, and these GI effects along with the associated nausea are by far the largest reasons for patients dropping out of these trials (Giembycz, 2006). The GI effects are thought to be mediated centrally and are not a direct effect of the inhibitor in the GI tract. There are many hypotheses proposing the mechanism of the GI effects, but the bottom line is that selectivity of the inhibitor, either within the PDE4 isoforms, among different conformational states, or against other proteins, may hold the key to improving the safety margin with respect to these untoward effect, (Dastidar et al., 2007). In any event, emesis and nausea in the clinical trial participants, albeit unpleasant, are nature's biomarkers of the potential for an untoward effect of a compound and are dose limiting for current PDE4 inhibitors. The vascular toxicity seen in preclinical studies has provided a further challenge for risk assessment by toxicologists and is the subject of tremendous scrutiny. Predominantly, vascular toxicity 1 For correspondence via. Fax: þ203 798 5797. e-mail: rstachle@rdg. boehringer-ingelheim.com.


In this study, we examine the effects of two decision styles – one based on knowledge and one based on emotions/affect– on public climate change policy preferences. We argue that the framework itself affects one's policy preferences, even when controlling for risk. We examine this relationship using data from a National Public Climate Change Survey. From this survey of U.S. adults, we determined individuals' levels of perceived knowledge, dread of climate change events, and climate change policy preferences. We find that those scoring high on our assessed knowledge scale are less supportive of mitigation policies, while those scoring high on the perceived knowledge scale prefer mitigation policies. Those scoring high on the emotion/affect-based scale, measured as one's dread of climate change events, are more supportive of mitigation policies. We conclude that including decision-making frameworks in models of climate change policy preferences may help us better predict and understand citizens' preferences.


Urban and industrialised societies usually involve little connection between consumers and the resource base upon which the production of goods depends. Changing this situation could potentially enhance social and ecological sustainability. This study explored ecological aspects of the educational role of local food supply, with the aim of identifying signs of enhanced consumer understanding or awareness of the ecology of food production resulting from producer–consumer interaction. A series of qualitative interviews were carried out with customers at a farmers' market in Stockholm. The results showed that the interviewees were mainly concerned with quality, price and taste, and not production conditions. In addition, a number of interviewees experienced a sense of trust when shopping at the market. We found few examples of contributions to ecological knowledge among customers at the market, but there were some examples of learning opportunities. The local food supplied by the market reminded customers of the seasonality of production. Stallholders also provided information on how to store, prepare and cook vegetables, which may encourage a change in diet that is preferable from an environmental standpoint.


ERP is an core information system,which reallocates enterprise internal resources and increases the efficiency of enterprise work. It can effectively reduce production cost,shorten the stock and production cycle,improve product quality and customers satisfaction and realize the fast reaction to the market. For the never-ending changes and improvement of information technology,it is particularly important to research and develop the ERP system for s the Mid-and Small-scale Enterprise. This paper expounds the idea and methods to develop the ERP system Facing the Mid-and Small-scale Enterprise,which is under Windows environment,based on the.net platform,using C# and SQL Server 2005,using 3-Tier Data Architecture,combined with the merit of C/S and B/S.


Analysis of the evolution of forms of communication in today's world, to describe what chance have librarians to support users of the "connected generation" in their processes to influence and cooperate.


Numerous thematic digital universities have been developed these last years. Their goal is to promote the use of information and communication technology in teaching practices. Thus, seven French digital universities, among which UVED (Universite Virtuelle Environnement et Developpement Durable), propose innovative pedagogic resources for students but also for teachers that may use part(s) of these resources for their own lectures. In 2014, we have developed an UVED digital resource entitled "Securisation phytosanitaire des echanges de materiel vegetal" (Phytosanitary risk and Regulation in the International Trade of plants). The proposed resource has been built to describe how the current high international trade flows of plants and plant products has significantly increased the risk of biological invasions and disease emergences (including the ones caused by plant viruses which account for 47% of emergent plant diseases (Anderson et al., 2004). This resource is organized in four independent pedagogic units. In the first unit, the goal is to make the users aware of the clearly documented risk associated with the transport and trade flows of plants worldwide and of their potentially devastating consequences. The second unit focuses on the national, regional and international organizations and plant protection legislations aiming at preventing and reducing the phytosanitary risks through regulatory procedures and phytosanitary norms. In the third unit, users go deeper in the scientific concepts, data and tools that are necessary to carry out pest risk analysis and to take actions in the surveillance and control of plants for planting at borders and in the agro-ecological landscapes. Concrete examples are developed for stone fruit plants. Finally, the fourth unit is entirely dedicated to grapevine. Regulations associated with quarantine pests and viruses (e.g. GFLV, ArMV, GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3) are presented. French certification scheme, as a main axis in preventive control, is presented and illustrated step by step. Detailed examples, animated figures, videos and interviews of the main actors of the French plant protection organizations (e.g. ANSES, SRAL, IFV...) enrich the pedagogic contents. Exercises, case studies involving informatics tools dedicated to pest risk analysis and plant protection (e.g. PQR and CAPRA software products developed by the EPPO organization) and role-playing games are included in the resource. (Resume d'auteur)


At the Waste Management Centre of CURRENTA GmbH & Co. OHG in LeverkusenBuerrig, operational test runs on mercury chlorination and mercury bromination by cocombustion of highly halogenated wastes were performed at two adjacent hazardous waste incineration plants (total capacity 80,000 tpy). The "in-plant research" was aiming at complete mercury oxidation, achieved within the flue gas during its waste heat boiler passage to enable complete wet mercury capture in a multistage wet flue gas cleaning system downstream, mainly in its strong acid quencher stage. Since 2001, it has been demonstrated that complete mercury oxidation and thus almost complete mercury capture can be achieved indeed by co-combustion of sufficient amounts of halogenated wastes – or, if necessary, by temporary addition of certain halogenated compounds. Even under very high mercury loads (> 10,000 mg/dscm), excellent mercury removal rates (e.g., 99.99 % at the studied plant) were achieved [1], [2], [3], [4]. During the operational tests, some – unknown and at that time still unexpected – side effects were observed: These were the apparent adsorption of elemental ("metallic") mercury in/at the catalyst bed of a Selective Catalytic NOx-Reduction (SCR) unit and the extended elution of oxidized mercury out of the catalyst bed in form of ionic mercury. These side effects shall be reported here in some detail. In June 2000, four mobile mercury-CEMs (continuous emission monitoring systems) were installed around and within the tail-end-SCR to understand and evaluate the behaviors of metallic and ionic mercury. By accumulation of the growing mercury input and output as well, the actual mercury load of the 20 t catalyst (difference between accumulated inand output) could be evaluated, establishing a dynamic mercury desorption isotherm of the catalyst at its working temperature 305 °C and demonstrating that huge amounts of mercury can be retained in tail-end SCR catalyst beds. Main reaction pathways governing mercury oxidation in/at the catalyst beds and the retarded mercury elution out of it, were identified, applying an advanced experimental method ("oscillating SO2-freight").


Wind power farms are mainly situated in area, where there are very good wind conditions. Investors of wind power farms are on the horns of a dilemma how to find the best place for connection of their wind power farms to electric power system. On the other hand there are operators of transmission and distribution systems. The interests of both sides are very often divergent, because the best place of connection in point of view of investors need not be the best place in point of view of system operators. The main aim of paper is presentation of the problems related to the choice of the best place for connection of wind power farms to electric power system.


The historical certainty,mission and the important function of the libraries of colleges and universities are expressed in the paper for the economic service.It has been raised that the most important task of the libraries is to change ideas,strengthen the administrative system and the service system and do well to serve the readers.The libraries should seek for their development and perfection while providing service actively for social economy.


Based on the background of the marine environment,the formulas are derived for evaluating the intial corrosion time of steel bars under coastal chloride ion environments acoording to deterioration mechanism of steel bars and concrete and Fick′s diffusion theorem.Considering the pitting corrosion characteristic of the steel bar,appropriate steel bar deterioration models and concrete deterioration models are selected,and the resistance deterioration model of eccentrically compressed structure calculated on bearing capacity limited state is established.Finally,durability assessment of the piers of an in-service cross-sea bridge is made by means of reliability analysis.


Background Stage II colorectal cancer(CRC) patients after surgery alone have a five-year survival rate of ~60-80%; the incremental benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy is <5%. Predicting risk of recurrence and selecting effective personalized adjuvant drugs for stage II CRC using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded(FFPE) samples is a major challenge. Methods 1319 stage II CRC patients who enrolled in 2011-2019 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were screened. RNAseq data of FFPE tumor samples of 222 stage II microsatellite stable(MSS) CRC patients(recurrence (n=47), norecurrence (n=175), median follow-up=41 months) were used to develop a method TFunctionalProg for dissecting heterogeneous subgroups of recurrence and predicting risk of recurrence. Results TFunctionalProg showed significant predictive values in 222 stage II MSS CRCs. The TFunctionalProg low-risk group had significantly better recurrence free survival (validation set: HR=4.78, p-value=1e-4, low-risk group three-year recurrence free survival=92.6%, high-risk group three-year recurrence free survival=59.7%). TFunctionalProg dissected two subgroups of transition states of stage II MSS CRCs at a high risk of recurrence; each state displays distinct levels of hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal traits, CD8+ T cell suppression mechanisms and FOLFOX resistance. Based on mechanisms in two subgroups, TFunctionalProg proposed personalized rational adjuvant drug combinations of immunotherapy, chemotherapy and repurposed CNS drugs. TFunctionalProg provides different utilities from ctDNA-based prognostic biomarkers. Conclusion TFunctionalProg was validated using FFPE samples to predict the risk of recurrence and propose rational adjuvant drug combinations for stage II CRC.


Wherein commonly known as Ato wheels on-lung carinii Compound novel crystal forms and methods for the preparation of (2- [4- (4-chlorophenyl) cyclohexyl] -3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) It is disclosed in the present specification. The present invention also provides a method of treating lung carinii pneumonia, comprising: administering a preparation effective amount of a defined composition comprising a polymorphic body of the pharmaceutical composition, and ATO wheel on including the shape is the of ATO wheel on a warm-blooded animal to provide.


The main objective of the study was to examine the moral decadence as a potential predictor of students' academic performance in some selected senior high schools in the Kumasi Metropolis. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. A multistage sampling procedures namely purposive sampling, proportional sampling and simple random sampling procedures were used in the selection of the sample. A total of 338 respondents were drawn from three senior high schools in the Kumasi Metropolis. Exploratory factor analysis was done to validate the instrument as well as simple linear regression was used to test the hypothesis. Through principal component analysis (PCA), the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin yielded a value of .636, exceeding the recommended value of .6 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity reached statistical significance χ2(78) =360.171, p = .000), supporting the factorability of the correlation matrix. The pattern structure and the commonalities results were both inspected. Items that had loadings below 0.30 on the pattern matrix as well as the unrotated loadings of the items were deleted. The outcome of the analysis showed that two items had factor loadings below 0.30. Therefore, those items were discarded. The remaining eleven items were retained because they were all above 0.30. The results again, revealed that moral decadence was not a potential predictor of student academic performance in the Kumasi Metropolis, B = -.395, SE = .299, t = -1.322, BootCI (-.984, .193) (see Table 5). This outcome suggests that students who do not exhibit moral decadence in their schools would have higher chances of experiencing higher academic performance. The study recommends that educational directorates and head teachers need to strengthen counseling services for students in senior high schools. This may go a long way to prevent a situation whereby the country could lose most of its manpower in the near future, as moral decadence could compel some of the students to become dropouts and drug addicts.


In an effort to improve, by means of an active early diagnosis, the rather dismal results of surgical treatment for bronchial carcinoma, a five-year prospective and epidemiological study was performed (1 through 6). The present article deals with the economic costs of early diagnosis, investigation, and operation in this area.


Antioxidative and skin protective activities of three extracts, water, methanol, and hexane from the fruit hull of mangosteen and their phenolic constituents such as mangostin, epicatechin, and tannin, were evaluated. The amounts of mangostin, total flavonoid, and total tannin were different among the three extracts, except those of total tannin in methanol and hexane extracts. For the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free‐radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical‐scavenging, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation experiment, the GM water extract showed higher activity than the GM methanol extract and GM hexane extract. Mangostin, epicatechin, and tannin also revealed these antioxidant and free radical‐scavenging activities. When added simultaneously with H2O2 (200 micromolar) to keratinocyte cells, the GM water extract (50 mcg/ml), epicatechin (200 micromolar), and tannin (200 micromolar) effectively protected cells from oxidative damage, but the GM methanol extract, GM hexane extract, and mangostin did not. The present study provides the evidence that GM extracts, especially the GM water extract, act as antioxidants and cytoprotective agents against oxidative damage, which is at least partly due to its phenolic compounds in mangosteen.


Profiles of the millisecond pulsar PSR 1937+21 have been obtained with 6-micron resolution using a real-time hardware dispersion removal device. This dedisperser has a potential resolution of better than 0.5 microsec and is immune to time-of-arrival jitter caused by scintillation-induced spectral gradients across the receiver passband. It significantly reduces the time-of-arrival residuals when compared with the timing technique currently in use. This increased timing accuracy, when utilized in a long-term timing program of millisec pulsars, will improve the solar system ephemeris and will substantially improve the detection limit of a gravitational wave background. 27 references.


Decision rules are the most prominent subtype of subgroup patterns (C5.3). They are expressed as if-then rules with preconditional left hand side subgroups and conclusive right hand side target groups. The subgroups and target groups are constructed as conjunctions of propositional selectors. More expressive rules based on first order Horn clauses are treated in C5.2.5. In this section, we discuss algorithms that derive rule sets which are going to be used for classification purposes. Specifically, we focus on description languages to construct left hand side preconditional subgroups, evaluation functions measuring the quality of rules, and search strategies deriving rule sets.


Based on the classical plate and shell theory and assumed natural strain(ANS) method, this paper has studied a novel macro triangular partition shell element. With the introduction of a virtual node inside a normal three - node triangular mesh, a macro triangular partition shell element is formed with three individual ANS sub - triangular elements. The stiffness matrix of each individual part as well as its corresponding stress - strain relationship is calculated from the combination of coordinates at special sampling locations. After condensing out the virtual node, the ultimate stiffness matrix of a macro triangular partition shell element is formed. On one hand, with the idea of dividing first and assembling last, the final stiffness formulation of macro triangular partition shell element is only related to a few sampling locations and therefore has reduced numerous calculations in structural analysis; on the other hand, due to the inclusion of traverse shear effect, the current macro triangular partition shell element possesses strong adaptability to shell thickness variation, and therefore has remarkably overcomed the inaccuracy resulting from former 2 - D analysis of plate and shell structures. According to the present results, integrated with user definined element provided by the finite element software ABAQUS, the current macro triangular partition shell element studied in this paper has made more accurate structural analysis of plates and shells possible.


Supplementary data tml http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/suppl/2014/01/27/rspb.2013.2567.DC1.h "Data Supplement" References http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/281/1779/20132567.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 57 articles, 9 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (229 articles) health and disease and epidemiology  • (101 articles) genetics  • (1665 articles) evolution  • Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections


ABSTRACT A growing body of evidence demonstrates that attitudes toward nonhuman animals correlate with attitudes toward disadvantaged human groups. It has been suggested that the connection rests in the ideology of social dominance. Endorsement of social hierarchy and intergroup domination is thought to extend to both human intergroup and human– animal contexts. The present research tested this reasoning by examining the scope and basis of the relation between speciesism and human inter-group attitudes. It was hypothesized that speciesism would predict less positive attitudes toward low-status groups (e.g., disadvantaged ethnic minorities) and those who support social change (e.g., feminists) but that it would be uncorrelated with attitudes toward stigmatized groups that are unmarked by social status (e.g., atheists). Two studies (Study 1, n = 98; Study 2, n = 82) tested this prediction using survey measures of speciesism, social dominance orientation, and attitudes toward 31 human groups including those noted above. Participants were first- and second-year university students in a mid-sized university in Ontario, Canada. As hypothesized, in both studies speciesism predicted less positive attitudes primarily toward low-status groups and groups that support social change. Further, relations between speciesism and intergroup attitudes were explained by their shared connection with social dominance orientation. These data contribute to the growing body of evidence showing links between speciesism and prejudice by illustrating that their shared emphasis on support for social hierarchy gives rise to a specific pattern of intergroup attitudes—one that supports inequality.


How many times have you heard young children say, 'I can't do that' or have seen children stand at the edges when it comes to competitive physical games? Have you ever wondered why?


To my knowledge no thesis about the history of contemporany occitan linguistics has been written before. That is why I have concentrated on the subject and tried to define its most salient feature, namely its long fostered and close relationship with the revival movement. My work particulary aims at giving a historiographical review of former works carried out on such fields which are also the favourite spheres of activity of the revival movement — prescriptive approach, codification, lexicography. Partly based on the exploitation of oral records, my research attempts on the one hand to identify and ighlight the various participants. On the other hand, it focuses on the social dimension of the history of Occitan linguistics and raises questions at strake, not only within the academic sphere but also within the militating one.


Depletion of Natural Gas and increasing price of LPG, burning wood, coal etc, are now the main menaces for cooking purposes in Bangladesh. On the other hand, inefficient burning of wood, charcoal, agricultural wastes and animal dung etc, generate smoke and emits ozone gases. This results in global warming and health issues due to inhalation of the smoke. Because of a good solar irradiation pattern, a solar powered conduction cooker can minimize this burden from the nation. The purpose of this paper is to design, analyse the prospect and performance of solar powered conduction cooking system by using Thin Film photovoltaic modules with a novel synchronous Buck Converter Controller topology. Physical demonstration was made by installing 1 kW Thin Film PV modules on the rooftop of the university building with setting up the conduction cooker and other measuring equipment. 10 panels of 95 Watt are mounted on the rooftop of the university building. Based on solar irradiation data round the year, projected output is analysed by using PSIM simulation and the prospect of solar powered conduction cooker in Bangladesh is shown with economic feasibility. The system was designed and analysed in PROTEUS software and the hardware was fabricated and implemented. Based on the experimental data, the performance of the system is also analysed and presented in this paper.


Fast-steering mirrors, called FSMs, for short, and sometimes referred to as fine-steering or tip-tilt mirrors, are primarily two-axis devices originally developed for a variety of demanding air and space applications for line-of- sight pointing and beam stabilization. Ball Aerospace has been engaged in the design and development of fast-steering mirrors since 1983. In 1994, Ball began employing lessons learned from these one-of-a-kind custom units to develop a commercial line of low cost (< $DLR50 K), high- performance mirrors to serve the general optics community. This paper first provides a brief overview of our overall FSM development history and some successful applications. Next, our commercial FSMs are described along with performance specifications and test results. Parameters of interest discussed include bandwidth, acceleration, accuracy, reliability, and types of mirror substrates. Test results on two models of commercial 3-in mirrors demonstrating accuracies of < 1 (mu) rad, life and reliability > 108 cycles, and the ability to endure high-level random vibration are presented.


① Based on technologies of binary tree,bit commitment and zero knowledge proof,a fair and unlinkable divisible electronic cash scheme is which do not need the trusted third party was proposed.The complexity both of open account and withdraw protocol is O(N+K).The complexity of spending any node is proportional to poly(K) polylog(N).And the complexity of deposit protocol is the same with the payment protocol.The security of the scheme is based on the assumptions of strong RSA problems,the hardness of calculating discrete logarithm and the existence of the one-way hash function.


We construct and study the cross-sectional properties of survey-based bond risk premia and compare them to traditional statistical counterparts. We document large heterogeneity in skill, identify top forecasters, and learn about the importance of subjective risk premia in long-term bonds dynamics. Next, we propose a new real-time aggregate measure of bond risk premia consistent with Friedman's market selection hypothesis. Finally, we use this measure to evaluate behavioural versus rational explanations of subjective risk premia and find support for models that include both sentiment and time-varying quantity of risk channels.


This paper explores how offensive language is socially constructed in ways that serve to criminalize the street activities of young indigenous people in Australia. The first part of the paper describes the general relationship between young indigenous people and the Australian criminal justice system. This is followed by a discussion of how indigenous young people are policed in public spaces. The paper then provides an extended exploration of the nature and dynamics of swearing, and how offensive language offences are drawn on by police in their interventions in the lives of indigenous young people.


The formation of the B ring of the ABC ring system of paclitaxel was accomplished by intramolecular alkylation of the protected cyanohydrin ether in the presence of the 7-alkoxy group on the C ring. A significant effect of the protective groups at the 1,2-positions was observed in this alkylation. Acyclic protection provided the desired compound 3c and 3d in moderate yields, whereas cyclic protection led to 3a in low yield.


Abstract—To design a highly aerobatic fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle and analyze the performance of it. As the unmanned aerial vehicles serving the combat application must have desired feature of highly aerobatic in order to complete its particular mission during warfare. So, designing such highly maneuverable UAVs would meet the requirements of combat missions during warfare. In this paper, the design and analysis of unmanned aerial vehicle with stepped airfoil to meet the requirement of combat mission.


We have determined the proper motion of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) relative to a background quasistellar object, using observations carried out in seve...


Background: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is able to assess LV volumes as well as LV filling pressure (from the ratio of mitral E velocity/mitral annular tissue velocity [E/e']). E/e' predicts outcome after infarction but its prognostic value in critical illness is undefined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of echocardiographic LV volumes and filling pressure in the critically ill. Methods: A consecutive group of 94 patients (66M, 28F, 61±15 years) who had standard TTE supplemented by measurement of E/e' in a combined medical and surgical tertiary referral ICU were enrolled. TTE was performed 5±6 days after ICU admission. Severity of critical illness was assessed using APACHE III. Survival analysis was based on 28-day survival from date of echo with patients discharged alive censored at the time of leaving hospital. Results are presented as mean±SD. Results: Mean APACHE III score was 72±25, and length of stay in ICU was 11±11 days and in hospital 32±48 days. Hospital mortality was 33% (n=31); correlates of hospital mortality are summarized in Table 1. Univariate analysis of survival obtained similar results. The independent predictors of survival were APACHE III risk of hospital death (HR 1.3 (95%CI 1.1–1.5), p=0.003), and increased LVESV (HR 2.1 (95%CI 1.2–3.7), p=0.007). Peak E velocity and E/e' were not predictors of survival. Table 1. Univariate analysis of hospital mortality Conclusion: In this cohort of critically ill patients, LVESV but not E/e' is a highly significant predictor of survival that adds incremental value to APACHE III derived prediction.


California educational governance structure can be described from such dimensions as "main body","function" and "operating mechanism".The main body includes organizations or people that fulfill the functions of educational governance system,the set of functions contain "structure and organization","finance and business services","personnel" and "educational programs",and the operating mechanism includes laws,regulations,negotiation and other governance patterns.On the aspect of the distribution of educational power,California State shows a trend that state government and federal government have more power.Though California educational governance structure has lots of problems such as lacking of stability,ambiguous accountability,lacking of innovation,flexibility and responsiveness,being short of openness and transparency,being complex and inefficient,it can provide some important reference for China's education governance transformation.


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of institutional investors' ownership and type on information asymmetry and stock market liquidity in France. Design/methodology/approach - – The sample includes 162 French-listed firms from 2007 to 2009. The methodology relies on linear regressions using the method of ordinary least square. Before examining the interaction between liquidity and institutional investors, the authors check for the existence of the endogeneity problem by applying the Durbin-Wu-Hausman test of Davidson and MacKinnon (1993). The results of the endogeneity test show that institutional investors' ownership and stock liquidity are endogenous. A simultaneous equation model using the double least square method is then tested to address this problem. Findings - – The findings show that the proportion of institutional investors has a positive and significant effect on stock-market liquidity, which confirms the signal theory and trading hypothesis. These investors perform high trading activity which favorably affects market liquidity. The results also show that pension funds improve stock liquidity. This result suggests that pension funds manage huge assets decreasing transaction costs and improving liquidity. They display a positive signal to the market about more transparency and a low level of informational asymmetry. Practical implications - – These results highlight the institutional investors' role in defining the level of liquidity on the French market. The findings also stress the relevance of developing institutional investors' demand for the Paris market in order to better assess firm value, protect minority ownership and improve market liquidity. Originality/value - – In the French institutional setting, institutional investors act as a control device since minority shareholder interests are less protected than in Anglo-American counterparts. This result highlights the significant role of institutional investors in corporate governance structures and on financial markets. Their presence is a guarantee for minority interest protection and for more liquid stocks.


Within the framework of the industrial evolution the digital revolution implicates on the one side that the usage of complex devices for data processing (ICT), data analysis and data collecting increases (smart devices) and consequentially on the other side the energy demand especially in concentrated cities (smart cities) increases too. In combination with new, mostly asymmetric architectural shapes a rise of undesired electromagnetic interferences in the complete smart system or in single smart buildings is the consequence. This contribution deals with measures to reduce low frequency electromagnetic fields (f <; 1MHz) in asymmetric building structures and so improve the building's electromagnetic compatibility characteristics.


The FT245BM chip of USB protocol and its application in the control system of digital potentiometers are introduced.In the system,the Altera's FPGA works as the control core and is described by the VHDL language from top to bottom to realize hardware functions.A USB is utilized as the interface to realize the high speed data transmission between the FPGA and the PC,the control of the digital potentiometer by PC is realized.Every module in the system is analyzed and the software design of PC and FPGA is presented in detail,including the hardware structure of each module as well as some problems that should be concerned.


Multi-parametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an indispensable tool in the clinic. Automatic volume-of-interest segmentation based on multi-parametric MR imaging is crucial for computer-aided disease diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis monitoring. Despite the extensive studies conducted in deep learning-based medical image analysis, further investigations are still required to effectively exploit the information provided by different imaging parameters. How to fuse the information is a key question in this field. Here, we propose an uncertainty-aware multi-parametric MR image feature fusion method to fully exploit the information for enhanced 3D image segmentation. Uncertainties in the independent predictions of individual modalities are utilized to guide the fusion of multi-modal image features. Extensive experiments on two datasets, one for brain tissue segmentation and the other for abdominal multi-organ segmentation, have been conducted, and our proposed method achieves better segmentation performance when compared to existing models.


We study the ensemble X-ray variability properties of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) over a large range of timescales (20 ks $\leq T\leq$ 14 yrs), redshift ($0\leq z \lesssim 3$), luminosities ($10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}\leq L_X\leq 10^{46}$ erg s$^{-1}$) and black hole (BH) masses ($10^6 \leq $M$_\odot \leq 10^9$). We propose the use of the variance-frequency diagram, as a viable alternative to the study of the power spectral density (PSD), which is not yet accessible for distant, faint and/or sparsely sampled AGN. We show that the data collected from archival observations and previous literature studies are fully consistent with a universal PSD form which does not show any evidence for systematic evolution of shape or amplitude with redshift or luminosity, even if there may be differences between individual AGN at a given redshift or luminosity. We find new evidence that the PSD bend frequency depends on BH mass and, possibly, on accretion rate. We finally discuss the implications for current and future AGN population and cosmological studies.


Heat driven cooling technologies like vapour absorption and adsorption systems are environmentally friendly. Use of thermal compression in these systems saves precious and fast-depleting fossil fuel resources. Solar energy and low-grade waste heat can be effectively used in running these cooling systems. The present work focuses on the development of a solar-powered vapour adsorption based cooling system, which have the potential to be a carbon-free alternative to vapour compression cooling cycles, especially for meeting domestic and office space requirements. Poor heat and mass transfer properties of the adsorbents lead to bigger sizes and more cost. Use of thin beds along with integrally finned tubes has been adopted in this work to augment the heat transfer through the bed. A temperature distribution profile of the silica gel bed has been developed through finite difference method, to have an in-depth study of the heat transfer process during desorption. A test unit of adsorption chiller has been developed for round the year parametric study with a heat pipe based evacuated tube solar water heater installed on the roof.


(SWH) are becoming increasingly attractive in sustainable development. Hence the Efforts continuously made here is to reduce their costs to make them more affordable. Solar energy has experienced a remarkable development in recent years because of cost reduction due to technological development as well as renewable energy scheme supported by the government. The process of using sun's energy to heat water is not a new technology. (SWH) technology has improved a lot during the past century. The primary method of energy transport in solar energy from sun is electromagnetic radiation .This type of radiation coming from the Sun also depends on temperature. The Sun generates electromagnetic radiation in extensive span of wavelengths. However, most of the radiation is being sent out in the observable range due to its surface temperature. The amount of solar energy received in a particular region depends on the time of the day, the season of the year, the sky's cloudiness, and how closeness of Earth's equator. For modeling we utilized Genetic algorithm and for prediction we employed hybrid ABC and PSO techniques. Genetic algorithm is utilized in order to optimize the modeling technique by using the dataset collected. Kay words: (SWH) Solar Water Heating. I. INTRODUCTIN The fact is that the Sun is the source of life and energy to all living creatures on the earth for millions of years. Energy is a vital need in all aspects and due to the increasing demand for energy coupled with its inefficient consumption, the environment has been polluted either directly or indirectly. To prevent this from becoming a global disaster, it is inevitable to strengthen efforts of energy generation and utilization using sustainable means and progressively substituting the fossil fuels for renewable sources of energy. Conventional fossil fuel reserve may last for few more centuries. The power generation technology based on fossil fuel, has serious implication on global warming. Currently the soaring price of fossil fuel does allow to countries to invest in non-polluting and inexhaustible solar technology. Moreover, the solar energy is also driving force behind other renewable such as biomass, wind, and hydropower. Solar energy has experienced a remarkable development in recent years because of cost reduction due to technological development as well as renewable energy scheme supported by the government. The primary method of energy transport in solar energy from sun is electromagnetic radiation .This type of radiation coming from the Sun also depends on temperature. Renewable energy technologies, such as wind and solar power, are being widely studied by researchers today as many countries are trying to reduce their dependence on nonrenewable energy sources (i.e. fossil fuels). Massive use of conventional, non-renewable resources produces greenhouse gases which contribute significantly to climate change. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, on the other hand, do not produce greenhouse gases. They are sustainable and free of cost. The Sun generates electromagnetic radiation in extensive span of wavelengths. However, most of the radiation is being sent out in the observable range due to its surface temperature. The amount of solar energy received in a particular region depends on the time of the day, the season of the year, the sky's cloudiness, and how closeness of Earth's equator. Reducing costs and increasing reliability of solar water heaters (SWH) includes the pumps, controller, sensors, and electrical power needed for active systems, and, having insulated storage, perform better than integral-collector-storage during winter in cold climates. . II. LITERATURE REVIEW: RESEARCH ON FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR In the solar-energy industry great emphasis has been placed on the development of "passive" solar energy systems, which involve the integration of several subsystems: Flat Plate collectors, heat-storage containers, fluid transport and distribution systems, and control systems. The major component unique to passive systems is the Flat plate collector. This device absorbs the incoming solar radiation, converting it into heat at the absorbing surface, and transfers this heat to a fluid (water) flowing through the Flat plate collector. The warmed fluid carries the heat either directly to the hot water or to a storage subsystem from which can be drawn for use at night and on cloudy days. The results show that the system could reach satisfactory levels of efficiency. Furthermore it proved to be inexpensive and easier to manufacture which makes it a potential technological solution to the domestic water heating problems in rural India. Modeling Of Flat Plate Collector By Using Hybrid Technique www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page Fawaz S. Abdullah et al. have developed to determine the performance of the solar collectors to develop thermal energy conversion system. This research was to develop a tool for predicting the performance of a flat-plate solar collector from knowledge the absorbed solar radiation quantity. Also, the factors that effects on absorbed solar radiation value have been considered. These factors represented with collector tilt angle, the season changes that represented with month of year that the global solar radiation on horizontal surface has been measured, the location from the world represented with the latitude, time interval represented with hours of daylight from sunrise to sunset. Another optical factors effect on intensity of absorbed solar radiation had been considered. These factors correlated with absorptivity and transmissivity of the transparent glass cover which represented. The result of each factor was analyzed for different collector tilt angle, latitude of place, and solar hour angle. Amir Hematian et al. have proposed a flat plate solar air collector. The absorber of solar collector made by steel plate with an area of 2×1m2 and thickness of 0.5mm in the form of window shade has been developed for increasing the air contact area. The surface of absorbent plate was covered by black paint. To insulate the collector, the glass wool with the thickness of 5cm was used. The experiments on the efficiency were conducted for a week during which the atmospheric conditions were almost uniform and data was collected from the collector. The results of the collector efficiency in the natural and forced convection were evaluated and their graphs were plotted. The results showed that the collector efficiency in forced convection was lower, but the low temperature difference between inlet and outlet of the collector decreased its heat loss. In addition, the average air speed in forced convection was about 21% higher than the natural convection. Akachukwu Ben Eke et al. have presented a flat plate surface solar collector of dimension 0.5 m2, hinged on a horizontal support for quick adjustment of inclination from 0 to 90 Measurement of the solar radiation, varying degrees of inclination were taken between 12:00 noon and 2:30 pm for 4 days at clear sky hours, within the week of n th day of the year. The measurements were made for each month of the year in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. At each degree of inclination, the solar radiation intensity was replicated three times and the average value was taken. The flat plate was set truly facing south with an engineering prismatic compass. The result showed that the optimum angle of inclination of a flat plate for maximum collection of solar radiation intensities are 26.5, 24.5, 10.0, 19.5, 26.0, 30.0, 24.0, 21.0, 11.5, 19.5, 27.0 and 30.0 o, in the months of January to December, respectively. This proposed work revealed that the average angle of inclination at which a flat surface solar collector mounted at fixed position in Zaria is 22.5. The analysis indicated that when a flat surface was located at the predicted optimum angle of inclination for each month of the year, an average annual increment of 4.23 % solar radiation intensity was achieved, when compared with the yearly average solar radiation intensity harnessed by the same flat plate collector on horizontal position, and under the same condition. This percentage increase amounted to annual average solar energy gain of 370,670 MJ/m2, at no extra-cost, other than positioning the solar collector at the identified optimum angle of inclination. Comparison of the measured and calculated optimum values of angle of inclination of a flat plate surface for trapping maximum solar radiation intensity for each month of the year indicated a high correlation with R2 of 0.97. Adnan Ibrahim et al. have proposed Flat plate photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar collector produces both thermal energy and electricity simultaneously. This proposed method, the state-of-the-art on flat plate PV/T collector classification, design and performance evaluation of water, air and combination of water and/or air based. This review also covers the future development of flat plate PV/T solar collector on building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) and building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) applications. Different designs feature and performance of flat plate PV/T solar collectors have been compared and discussed. Future research and development (R&D) works have been elaborated. The tube and sheet design is the simplest and easiest to be manufactured, even though, the efficiency was 2% lower compared to other types of collectors such as, channel, free flow and two-absorber. It is clear from the review that for both air and water based PV/T solar collectors, the important key factors that influenced the efficiency of the system were the area where the collector covered, the number of passes and the gap between the absorber collector and solar cells. From the literature review, it was obvious that the flat plate PV/T solar collector was an alternative promising system for low-energy applications in residential, industrial and commercial buildings.


We present a general subtraction scheme for NNLO calculations in massless QCD: the \textit{colourful antenna subtraction method}. It is a reformulation of the antenna subtraction approach designed to address some of the limitations of the traditional framework, especially aiming at high-multiplicity processes. In the context of the new formalism, structures needed to locally subtract the infrared-divergent behaviour of real emission corrections are systematically inferred from virtual subtraction terms, relying on the cancellation of infrared singularities and on the correspondence between integrated and unintegrated antenna functions. We illustrate in detail how the colourful antenna subtraction method works up to NNLO. The algorithm is particularly suited to be fully automated for the generation of NNLO subtraction terms for generic processes. We employ the new formalism to assemble the subtraction terms required for the calculation of the NNLO correction to hadronic three-jet production and describe their validation procedure.


The invention discloses a powdery black food. The powdery black food is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of black rice, 20-30 parts of rye, 15-20 parts of black soybeans, 10-15 parts of black corns, 5-10 parts of black sesames, 5-8 parts of dried black fungi, 4-6 parts of kelps, 3-5 parts of black dates and 2-4 parts of figs. The powdery black food is prepared by the following preparation steps: (1) metering and weighing according to ratios; (2) finely grinding the metered and weighed raw materials and sieving; and (3) after finely grinding and sieving, and carrying out superfine crushing on the raw materials, wherein in superfine grinding, a supercritical impinging stream crushing technology is adopted, carbon dioxide is used as main fluid, the pressure is 15-20MPa, and the grain diameter of the crushed powdery black food is 15-20 microns. For the powdery black food, the raw materials of the black food are combined with the supercritical impinging stream crushing technology to create a new food preparation technology and the produced food has high nutritive value.


Although the esophagus is a common site of opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, little is known about the impact of HIV as well as opportunistic infection in the esophageal mucosa. Our aim is to analyze the esophageal immune profile in HIV+ patients with different immunological status with and without the opportunistic Candida infection.


The problem of probabilistic analysis of a complex dynamic system, which in the process of functioning passes from one state to another at random times, is considered. The methodology for calculating the conditional probabilities of the system getting into a given state at a given time t, provided that at the initial time the system was in any of the possible states is proposed. The initial data for analysis are a set of experimentally obtained values of the duration of the system stay in each of the states before transition to another state. Approximation of the resulting histograms using the Erlang distribution gives a set of distribution densities of the duration of the system stay in possible states before transition to other states. At the same time, the choice of the proper Erlang distribution order provides an adequate description of the semi-Markov processes occurring in the system. The mathematical model that relates the obtained distribution densities to the functions determining the probabilistic dynamics of the system is proposed. The model describes a random process of system transitions from any possible initial state to any other state during a given time interval. Using the model, a system of integral equations for the desired functions describing the probabilistic transition process is obtained. To solve these equations, the Laplace transform is used. As a result of solving the system of integral equations, functions are obtained that specify the probability distribution of the system states at any time t. The same functions also describe the asymptotic probability distribution of states. An illustrative example of solving the problem for the case when the distribution densities of the lengths of the system stay in possible states are described by the second-order Erlang distributions is given. The solution procedure is described in detail for the most natural special case, when the initial state is H 0


The programming technology about Embedded SQL discuss the form of Embedded SQL base on C/C++ language and ORACLE9i DBMS in this paper. We have also discussed the communications between the sentence of Embedded SQL and C/C++ language and have provided the code.


Short-circuit evaluation denotes the semantics of propositional connectives in which the second argument is evaluated only if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression. Free short-circuit logic is the equational logic in which compound statements are evaluated from left to right, while atomic evaluations are not memorised throughout the evaluation, i.e. evaluations of distinct occurrences of an atom in a compound statement may yield different truth values. We provide a simple semantics for free short-circuit logic (SCL) and an independent axiomatisation. Finally, we discuss evaluation strategies, some other SCLs, and side effects.


Introduction: Sudden cardiac arrest is a life-threatening emergency and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in Saudi Arabia. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness toward basic life support (BLS) among nonhealth-care professionals in Riyadh. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive survey was done using random sampling during the time period of June 2020. Data were collected using self-administered online questionnaire which was adapted from a validated questionnaire that was used previously in a similar study. The questionnaire contained three parts: (i) demographic data, (ii) questions on awareness related to BLS, and (iii) questions on the level of BLS knowledge. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 25, and Chi-square test was used to find association between the level of knowledge and demographic factors. Results and Discussion: A total of 429 respondents completed the questionnaire: 80% were females and majority were 21–30 years old (39.4%). Our results demonstrated that only 22% had previous BLS training of which 43% had good knowledge and 56% had poor knowledge about BLS. There was a significant association between the level of BLS knowledge with gender (P = 0.007), education (P = 0.006), and occupation (P = 0.049). Nearly 84.4% of the respondents were aware that their knowledge in BLS was insufficient. Conclusions: Overall, the level of knowledge and awareness among nonhealth-care professionals in Riyadh are poor. Introduction of BLS courses in the education curriculum is highly recommended.


This study evaluated the bond properties of polypropylene (PP) fiber in plain cementitious composites (PCCs) and styrene butadiene latex polymer cementitious composites (LCCs) at different nanosilica contents. The bond tests were evaluated according to JCI SF-8, in which the contents of nanosilica in the cement were 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt%, based on cement weight. The addition of nanosilica significantly affected the bond properties between macro PP fiber and cementitious composites. For PCCs, the addition of 0–2 wt% nanosilica enhanced bond strength and interface toughness, whereas the addition of 4 wt% or more reduced bond strength and interface toughness. The bond strength and interfacial toughness of LCCs also increased with the addition of up to 6% nanosilica. The analysis of the relative bond strength showed that the addition of nanosilica affects the bond properties of both PCC and LCC. This result was confirmed via microstructural analysis of the macro PP fiber surface after the bond tests, which revealed an increase in scratches due to frictional forces and fiber tearing.


To the Editor:— The communication by Dr. Katsilambros ( JAMA 178 :513 [Nov. 4] 1961) on "Asymptomatic Enlargement of the Parotid Glands" failed to include in its references the most extensive and intensive study of starvation in the human ever made. I refer to the research done in the Warsaw Ghetto in 1942. In Athens the caloric intake was 1,000 to 1,500 calories daily, but in Warsaw the patients studied never had a caloric intake of more than 800 calories daily. Inevitably, mass starvation resulted, completely unrelieved until the final extermination of the inhabitants of the Ghetto in 1943. The research, published in Warsaw in 1946, under the title, Maladie de Famine, gives a wealth of information on the various phases of starvation. Concerning the parotid glands, Doctors Braude-Heller, Rotbalsam, and Elbinger state, on page 178 of the Maladie de Famine: "The increase in size of the parotid glands and the


: UTEC-UNED-TECSUP University Consortium have participated in the eighth call for proposals of the Program to Support the Design and Implementation of Strategies for the Continuity of Higher Education Services in Public Universities of the Ministry of Education of Peru (PMESUT), whose objective was to promote the continuity of non-classroom educational services in public universities. This article presents the assessment carried out in four universities, with the aim of ensuring the digitization of teaching after the onset of the pandemic. After the diagnosis and their corresponding training process, the techno-pedagogical virtualization of 138 model courses was carried out, consisting of three phases: planning, curricular design and teaching support and implementation of the courses in the virtual classroom. The limitations were related to the existing digital gaps: shortage of time, personal self-regulation, and scarce training in pedagogical and digital competencies of teachers. Individualized support and tutoring measures were sought, increasing the number of synchronous sessions to facilitate evaluation. Feedback sought information, interaction, and responsibility for what was done and the improvement of the didactic act in virtual mode. In conclusion, the complexity of the process and the high level of demand for obtaining results that, although positive, went through several obstacles coming from the different agents and elements involved.


The thermal degradation of porous polymethacrylates filled with silver nanoparticles and the morphology of their degradation products were investigated by thermoanalysis and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the photoreduction of silver nanoparticles in situ results in a decrease in the thermal stability of nanocomposites. The size of silver aggregates resulting from the degradation process was found to be dependent on the parameters of the porous structure of the material used. A mechanism describing the formation of silver mesostructures upon degradation of the porous nanocomposites was proposed.


Flow computations are performed on three-dimensional high-lift configurations on multiblock structured and unstructured meshes with two turbulence models, Spalart-Allmaras model and Menter's shear stress transport model. Two kinds of three-element trapezoidal wings with full-span flap or part-span flap are computed. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the mesh dependency and the effect of turbulence models and improve the reliability in simulating the flow around high-lift devices


Based on schema theory,this paper analyzes how to apply schema theory into teachingof hotel English from the following points: language schema;content schema and form schema.This paper will help students continually renew their cognitive structure in teaching of hotel English.Therefore,they can communicate with teachers and students in a more effective way.


Abstract. In contrast to the traditional view of professionalism as aposition of significant status and autonomy, hard-earned and jealouslyguarded by occupational groups, critical perspectives have emphasizedhow professions act as 'the institutionalised form of the control ofoccupations' (Johnson, 1972: 38), enacting the 'responsibilization' (Grey,1997) of expert labour. In this paper, I examine the complexity ofemployee responses to professionalization initiatives in light of work thatdevelops a broader understanding of non-conformity in the face ofsimilar disciplinary practices in the contemporary workplace (Kondo,1990; Kunda, 1992; Fleming and Sewell, 2002; Collinson, 2003). I do soby relating Judith Butler's concept of 'performativity' to an analysis of theprofessionalization of a particular sub-discipline of management: projectmanagement. I argue that performativity provides insight into the simul-taneous attraction, insecurity and antipathy that professionalizationarouses in employees, and offers a persuasive account of the potential ofparody to subvert professionalization initiatives.


Reading is one of the important skills in English needed by the second language learner. The purpose of this study is to find out is there a significant difference on students' reading comprehension through Read, Cover, Remember and Retell (RCRR) strategy. The population were VII grade students of SMPN 10 Cimahi. They were divided into two groups, the experimental and conventional group. The experimental group was taught using RCRR strategy while the conventional group was taught using conventional method. This study used quantitative research method and experimental design by using pre-test and post-test. The study was designed to find out the answer of the following questions: Are the students have same level of ability before the treatment? Is there a significant difference on students' achievement in reading comprehension between the experimental and conventional group? What is the students' response toward Read, Cover, Remember and Retell (RCRR) strategy?. The instrument used for this study is reading comprehension test and a questionnaire. The result of this study showed that there was a significant difference on students' achievement in reading comprehension with mean score of pre-test was 40.27 and mean score of post-test was 73.47. The result of the questionnaire toward the students' responses was 68% positive. It indicated that students had a positive response toward the RCRR strategy. Furthermore, the suggestion for the English teachers, it is recommended to use RCRR strategy to teach reading comprehension in their classes because it can improve the students' reading comprehension ability.


Abstract The present article is concerned with solving Bernoulli's exterior free boundary problem in the case of an interior boundary that is random. We provide a new regularity result on the map that sends a parametrization of the inner boundary to a parametrization of the outer boundary. Moreover, assuming that the interior boundary is convex, also the exterior boundary is convex, which enables to identify the boundaries with support functions and to determine their expectations. We in particular construct a confidence region for the outer boundary based on Aumann's expectation and provide a numerical method to compute it.


Stevenson wrote of authorship as a social act between writers, publishers, and readers, and he felt particularly indebted to Osbourne, his stepson. This article explores Stevenson and Osbourne as collaborators, examining first their partnership over toy press printing. While toy presses were designed to encourage traditional adult-child relationships, Stevenson and Osbourne constructed a nuanced negotiation between adult and child as author and publisher. This collaboration shaped Stevenson's Treasure Island, a novel imagined in cooperation with Osbourne that articulates the possibilities and pitfalls of intergenerational partnerships. Stevenson and Osbourne's collaborations reveal how nineteenth-century ideas about the child's imagination transformed adultchild dynamics.


A salt tolerant ecotype of Scenedesmus armatus from the Baltic Sea is reported. Salinity treatments also reveal variable plasticity of several morphological features of this alga The problem of drawing a sharp distinction between stable and plastic attributes is discussed and it is concluded that the terms ecotype and ecophene, as originally defined, are no longer applicable to algae. A redefinition of the ecotype is proposed.


The alterations in the central nervous system of people with Down syndrome have been pointed at as the cause of the intellectual delay observed in this syndrome. Nevertheless, the logic that underlies the studies trying to establish this relation presents at least three weak aspects: 1) the use of IQ as a measurement of intellectual capacity; 2) the interpretation of correlation as causal relations, and 3) the reification of the notion of cognitive functioning. Because of this, we suggested the necessity of redirecting research toward the analysis of the configuration of social environments of developmentally delayed people. Taking Vygotsky's socio-historical theory as a foundation we tried to formulate some hypotheses on the configuration of these environments and their relation with the development of the higher psychological functions. © Ciencias & Cognicao 2007; Vol. 10: 156-163.


This paper proposes a robust adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) scheme for a class of time‐varying delay systems with backlash‐like hysteresis input. The main features of the proposed DSC method are that 1) by using a transformation function, the prescribed transient performance of the tracking error can be guaranteed; 2) by estimating the norm of the unknown weighted vector of the neural network, the computational burden can be greatly reduced; 3) by using the DSC method, the explosion of complexity problem is eliminated. It is proved that the proposed scheme guarantees all the closed‐loop signals being uniformly ultimately bounded. The simulation results show the validity of the proposed control scheme.


This study is started from the lack of mathematical problem solving ability of junior high
school students. It can be seen from the test results obtained from Students' problem
solving ability, interviews and observations by math teacher. Through the observation was
also found that the lack of students' independence in learning. Problem Based Instruction
(PBI) is a learning model that uses the issue as a starting point for acquiring new
knowledge. Self-regulation is the ability of self-regulation in learning constructively and
actively with the students self-learning strategies design, to enable the aspects of meta
cognition, motivation and can make students able to solve the problems of mathematics.
The purpose of this study is to assess and analyze (1) the students' ability in mathematical
problem solving with the PBI model, (2) Students self-regulation with PBI model. The
sample was the eight- grade students of four classes of SMPN 20 Pekanbaru as
experimental sample class and five classes of the same grade and school as control
classes, with 42 students each classes. This research is a Quasi Experiment in Randomized
Control Group design. The data was collected using observation, questionnaire, and
mathematical problem solving ability test. The data analyzed technique used in this study
is namely the t-test. The results showed that (1) the students' ability of mathematical
problem solving taught using models PBI were higher than the students ability of
mathematical problem solving who were taught using conventional learning (2) Self
regulation or students' independent learning who were taught using models PBI higher
than students' self- regulation who were taught using conventional learning.
Keywords: regulation, self-regulation, mathematical problem solving ability


The southeast Queensland (SEQ) region of Australia is recognised for frequent thunderstorms documented through numerous studies including high‐impact severe thunderstorm cases which have caused insured losses exceeding $1 billion AUD. Despite a modest body of scientific literature, basic questions regarding the role of climate, synoptic and local‐scale (<10 km) processes affecting the variability of thunderstorms still remain. In an effort to advance these questions as part of the Coastal Convective Interactions Experiment (CCIE), this study integrates multiple datasets across an 18‐year period (July 1997–June 2015) to provide a mesoscale climatological analysis of the SEQ hailstorms and associated environmental conditions. On a multi‐year time‐scale, the relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation and hailstorm frequency is consistent with previous studies. On synoptic scales, a southeasterly change situation coupled with a sea breeze was found to provide the most favourable environment for hailstorms, particularly for southwest SEQ. On the local scale, hail development within convective cells was found to be most frequent within the inland limb of the maritime air mass on sea‐breeze days. This observation suggests the sea‐breeze air masses may become favourable for convection after sufficient modification during inland propagation.


PURPOSE: A retaining wall for earth work is provided to effectively and deeply excavating the ground by resisting earth pressure. CONSTITUTION: A retaining wall for earth work comprises a first-row earth retaining wall(100), a second-row earth retaining wall(200), a connection stiffener(301), and a retaining structure. The first-row earth retaining wall comprises raking piles(101) and soil retaining plates(102). The raking piles are installed in the ground at constant intervals. The soil retaining plates are installed in between the racking piles. The second-row earth retaining wall comprises a sheet pile(201). The sheet pile is installed side by side with the first-row earth retaining wall. The connection stiffener is installed to support the first and second-row earth retaining walls. The ground between the first and second-row earth retaining walls is excavated at a predetermined depth, and backfilled.


[1] The objective of this investigation is to examine the characteristics of the low-level tropospheric temperature inversions to a height of 4 km above a suburban site in Oman by using 10-year records of daily upper-air meteorological data. The temperature profile data included in this study were derived from the radiosonde data collected by the Meteorology Department at Seeb International Airport station. The study addresses the statistical analysis of inversion parameters and investigates whether changes in these parameters (i.e., depth and strength) have occurred during the last decade. Both surface-based and elevated inversions are investigated. The study indicated a monthly change in inversion frequency, depth, and strength. Overall, most of the inversions tended to be surface based. The surface-based inversion was more common in winter compared with summer. An opposite trend in elevated inversion was seen where a maximum in their frequencies was found in summer. The elevated inversions were generally shallower and weaker than the surface-based inversions. The data for the past 10 years also indicated a reduction in surface-based inversion depths, accompanied by a rise in both the strength of the surface-based inversions and surface temperatures. It was found that the surface temperature increased by about 0.33°C per year, and the inversion depths declined by about 16.3 m yr−1.