A 42-year-old female was brought into our hospital by ambulance following a 2-day history of severe, cramping, generalized abdominal pain. This was associated with nausea, vomiting and an absence of passing flatus or stool for 2 days. The patient had a past medical history of migraines and iron deficiency. She had not undergone any previous abdominal surgeries or endoscopic procedures. The patient had visited a neighbouring hospital the day prior to her presentation to our facility. Investigations performed at the original hospital included abdominal computed tomography (CT), which was reported as normal, and an ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis which showed a small extrahepatic portal vein, and suggested a possible congenital partial malrotation and an annular pancreas without acute complication. They were unable to find an acute cause of the patient's pain, and the patient was discharged home with butylscopolamine and simple analgesia after temporary symptomatic improvement. At our hospital, the patient was re-investigated. Abdominal CT demonstrated a high-grade mechanical closed loop small-bowel obstruction secondary to a foramen of Winslow internal hernia. There was associated large volume of free intra-abdominal fluid (Fig. 1). Upon review of the original imaging – this hernia was apparent on the original scan. Further small bowel had herniated through the foramen of Winslow in the subsequent 48 h (Fig. 2). Imaging and surgical intervention were performed on the same day. The patient underwent laparoscopy and was found to have non-ischaemic small bowel herniating through the foramen of Winslow (Fig. 3). Reduction of the internal hernia was performed and the hernial defect was repaired with a biosynthetic mesh. The foramen of Winslow (also known as the epiploic foramen) was named after the French anatomist, Jaques-Benigne Winslow, and describes the anatomical passage between the greater and lesser sacs. The boundaries consist of the portal vein anteriorly, the inferior vena cava posteriorly, the caudate lobe of the liver superiorly and the first part of the duodenum inferiorly. Hernias through the foramen of Winslow are exceedingly rare, accounting for <0.1% of abdominal hernias and 8% of internal hernias. In our patient's presentation and in the majority of case reports (63%), small bowel comprises the herniated contents. Other reports describe caecum and ascending colon (30%), transverse colon (7%) as well as rare occasions of herniation of the gallbladder and a Meckel's diverticulum. The presenting symptoms of a foramen of Winslow hernia are typically related to the associated bowel obstruction. The usual presentation is of acute severe epigastric pain associated with nausea and vomiting. Clinical examination is therefore largely non-specific and laboratory investigations are rarely helpful. Historically, the diagnosis of a foramen of Winslow hernia was associated with a high mortality rate of approximately 50%. This is thought to be Fig. 1. Axial computerized tomography, of the upper abdomen, demonstrating small bowel mesentery (*) herniating through the foramen of Winslow.


We present a scalable, open-source platform that "distills" a potentially large text collection into a knowledge graph. Our platform takes documents stored in Apache Solr and scales out the Stanford CoreNLP toolkit via Apache Spark integration to extract mentions and relations that are then ingested into the Neo4j graph database. The raw knowledge graph is then enriched with facts extracted from an external knowledge graph. The complete product can be manipulated by various applications using Neo4j's native Cypher query language: We present a subgraph-matching approach to align extracted relations with external facts and show that fact verification, locating textual support for asserted facts, detecting inconsistent and missing facts, and extracting distantly-supervised training data can all be performed within the same framework.


Abstract : One historic cultural resource site was located and recorded during field reconnaissance in the study area. This site, 32RY9, is comprised of the remnants of an abandoned railbed, which once was used by the Devils Lake and Chautaugua Railroad to transport patrons of the North Dakota Chautaugua to the Chautauga grounds on Creel Bay. A portion of the railbed is situated in Section 4, and it will be inundated if the proposed south holding pond is constructed. The tracks and ties used to construct the Devils Lake and Chautaugua Railroad were removed in 1917; therefore, the original railroad feature has been altered. Since no structural evidence of the Devils Lake and Chautaugua Railroad exists at the site, it was determined that site no longer retains integrity and it was determined that this site does not retain architectural significance. The site does have historically significant associations, in that it is related to the North Dakota Chautaugua (located on Creel Bay), but these associations are not such that the site would be likely to yield historically important information. It is recommended that no further cultural resource work need be conducted prior to implementation of proposed flood control measures at Devils Lake.


Methods of As 3+ and As 5+ toxic form determination in commerce fish products in Slovakia are described. Conditions of As 3+ and As 5+ extraction from sea fish products were optimized. Recovery of As 3+ and As 5+ extraction method was determined: at As 3+ determination in fish it was 80—102 %, at As 5+ determination in frozen sea fish it was 80—106 %. Portion of As 3+ from total arsenic content estimated in frozen sea fish was from 3.1 to 15.3 %, and in tuna cans from 3t o 5.7 %. Portion of As 5+ from total arsenic content was 0—12 % in frozen sea fish and 3.3— 6.3 % in tuna cans. GF-AAS method was used for total arsenic content and As 3+ and As 5+ species determination. Samples were decomposed in microwave high-pressure system with decomposition mixture 4 cm 3 HNO3 and 0.5 cm 3 H2O2. LOD was determined at the level 0.003 mg kg �1 and LOQ at 0.006 mg kg �1 . Combined uncertainty of measurement was 7.1 %. The trueness of the method was tested by determination of arsenic concentration in Tuna fish IMEP-20 reference material. The analyzed value was 4.56 mg kg �1 , sw =0 .40 mg kg �1 , while certified value was 4.93 mg kg �1 , sw =0 .21 mg kg �1 . Estimated contents of toxic arsenic forms in fish products on Slovak market were relatively low and total sum of them never exceeded 20 % portion of total arsenic content. This is in accordance with published data on content of inorganic arsenic in fish products.


The research for sustainability challenges us to reconsider the way we think about architecture and offers great opportunities to renew its formal language with new technologies, as it did in the beginning of the 1900s with the introduction of reinforced concrete, steel and glass in modern architecture. We need to transform the architectonic envelope in a smart skin, a selective filter with the capacity to control the energy fluxes between indoor and outdoor environments, to change its working according to different weather conditions and to fully exploit renewable resources. This can be done with new technologies that must be integrated in constructive systems in order to combine the enhancement of energetic efficiency with aesthetic requirements, which is even more important in building restoration, whose landmark preservation principles are more restrictive. Planning the integration is the theme of the research, performed on a school building restoration project, built during the 1980s in the periphery of Rome. This building is a representative model in terms of time of construction, typology, constructive technologies, dimensions and energy consumption; therefore, it can roughly describe 60% of Roman schools, whose total estate is of 13.5 million cubic meters in 1,296 buildings.


Quanzhou studies has been existed for eighty years since it began in 1926.the professors of the School of Buddhism Research of Xiamen University established their pioneering position in the research of Quanzhou studies: Mr Wu Kun was one of the major founders,Mr Wu Wenliang and Mr Zhuang Weiji were the most important scholars.During the decades since 1980s Quanzhou studies has grown up and developed,the establishing of the Institute of Quanzhou Studies promotes the research and subject construction.


The formation process of three gyres in Lake Biwa, as observed using an acoustic Doppler current profiler, is simulated using three different SGS models: Smagorinsky Model, Dynamic Mixed Model (DMM) and Mixed Scaling Formulation Model (MSFM) based on very large eddy simulation (VLES). The driving force of gyre formation is assumed to be differential heating due to heat volume differences between the middle lake and shoreline areas. This condition is created in the simulation by setting the initial temperature distribution in the lake based on field observation data. The significant patterns of gyre formation are calculated both by DNM and MSFM. Owing to the huge disproportion of horizontal and vertical grid spacing, the isotropic subgrid scale (SGS) model (such as the Smagorinsky model) does not perform well when using normal grid spacing. According to the comparison between field observation data and numerical simulation, it is concluded that the surface heat transfer process is one of the main driving forces for gyre formation in Lake Biwa. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Most levee underseepage and uplift analyses are based on steady-state seepage and can yield conservative results. Although computations are simpler and steady-state seepage parameters are easier to determine and readily available, transient unsaturated seepage analyses are more representative of levee seepage conditions because boundary conditions acting on the levee or floodwall and saturation change with time, which induce pore-water pressure and seepage changes with time in the embankment and foundation strata. In addition, these boundary conditions, e.g., flood surge or storm event, are rapid such that steady-state conditions may not have time to develop in the embankment and some foundation materials. Transient seepage analyses using a floodwall case study indicate that as soil compressibility of the underseepage layer decreases, rapid landside pore-water pressures increase and can approach steady-state values. The transient results also indicate that uplift factors of safety during the flood event a...


The causes of gastric cancer are multifactorial, and associations with diabetes mellitus and Helicobacter pylori infection have been postulated but not confirmed (J Natl Cancer Inst 1997; 89:1360 and JW Gastroenterol Jun 22 2007). Now, investigators have performed a population-based, prospective cohort study to examine the effects of hyperglycemia and H. pylori infection on the incidence of gastric cancer.

The study involved 2603 Japanese people …


Combined with practical engineering,we discuss the effect of the protective coverings depth of reinforcements in concrete structures on the performance of reinforced concrete beams.Then we put up proper suggestions about the protective covering in the design and construction work,so as to ensure concrete protecting layer thickness'suiting the designing needs,and ensure the safety of concrete structure.


hexenone has been explored by several research groups.1 Interest in this particular photochemical reaction is based partially on the similarity between the cyclohexenone cycloaddition and the photodimerization of thymidine groups. The thymidine photodimer has been implicated in skin cancer2 and DNA photodimerization is a significant event in biological systems. Positive identification of the cyclohexenone dimers with their spectroscopic data has not been published, however; so comparison with the photoproducts of thymidine or related structures has not been possible. Recently, we have been able to separate and analyze the four detectable photodimers of cyclohexenone.3 Although two of the photodimers have been assigned structures in the literature1a, no positive identifying features (i.e. spectral data) of the assignment have been published. Our results provide conclusive data for identification of one of the major dimers. This paper describes our approach for identifying cis,trans-3,12-dioxotricyclo[6.4.0.02,7]dodecane. We have used several analytical tools to determine the structure of this isomer, including X-ray crystallography and NMR techniques. Most importantly, this work includes the necessary spectral data for future comparisons of 2+2 photodimers. Lanthanide shift reagents (LSRs) were introduced by Hinckley in 1969.4 These reagents are effective in differentiating between NMR signals of similar chemical shift and have become a dependable tool in identifying the structure of a variety of molecules.5 The paramagnetic effects of the shift reagent result in significant increases in chemical shifts based on the distance between the nuclei being observed and the lanthanide. Since this tool requires a Lewis acid-base interaction, we reasoned that the cyclohexenone dimer with a headto-head orientation would be a good bidentate agent. This tight binding was expected to provide a reliable data set which would allow differentiation between the several possible 2+2 head-to-head isomers (see Fig.1). Results and Discussion


Abstract. This study aims to determine the comparison of learning outcomes between students who are taught by applying the Question Student Have (QSH) learning method with the Learning Start With A Question (LSQ) learning method on the movement system material for class XI SMA Negeri 3 Bone. The subjects of this study were students of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 3 Bone in the 2020/2021 academic year, which consisted of seven study groups (rombel). The sample of this study was class XI MIPA 1 and XI MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 3 Bone which were selected according to the purpose of this study (purposive sampling). The design of this study was a pretest-posttest comparison group design. Measuring learning outcomes by providing learning outcomes tests. The average learning outcome of students taught by the QSH method is 23.11, while the average learning outcome of students taught by the LSQ method is 31.89. The results of statistical tests using the Mann Whitney Test analysis method were obtained by Asymp.sig. (2-tailed) = 0.04 < 0.05, so it is said that there are differences in biology learning outcomes between students using the Problem Learning method and the Learning Beginning with Problem method on the motion system material, where LSQ is better applied than QSH.Keywords: student have question, learning starts with a question, learning outcome


Widden Brook in the Hunter Valley, NSW, is an unregulated active sand-bed stream characterized by high flood variability. The dominant riparian tree on Widden Brook is Casuarina cunninghamiana (River Oak). Successful establishment of River Oaks require bankfull flows that gradually build bars into benches, reducing the frequency of flood scour, and sub-bankfull flows that deposit fine sediment on the benches, enhancing Oak survival and growth. Although River Oaks do not require floods to germinate, seedlings are highly susceptible to water-stress and need a subsequent moist period to establish. The rate at which the water-table falls also influences River Oak survival. Overbank flows are important for the replenishment of soil water and the alluvial aquifer. Many riparian trees use groundwater opportunistically and access during extended dry periods may be critical to their survival. River Oaks on the floodplain and the benches were most likely able to access the water-table during 2006-2008.


Digital image correlation has been used to observe the growth of atmospheric-induced chloride stress corrosion cracking in type 304L stainless steel under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity and chloride-deposition density in a nondestructive manner. The technique is capable of detecting changes in crack dimensions that are difficult to discern via conventional optical microscopy, i.e. crack growth beneath salt layers and adherent corrosion product deposits, and measurement of crack opening displacements. Our results also demonstrate that suitable specimen design, combined with digital image correlation, will provide the means of comparing the growth behaviour of short atmospheric-induced chloride stress corrosion cracks with data obtained from conventional pre-cracked compact tension specimens as a function of mechanical "driving force".


We report the measurements of the n = 3 → n = 2 L-shell X-ray transitions of neon-like Eu53+. These include all seven allowed electric dipole (E1) transitions, five electric quadrupole (E2) transit...


For more than two decades, the Invitational Seminar on Research Development in Environmental (and Health) Education series has provided a unique opportunity for participants from around the planet to discuss critical problems, trends and issues in environmental education research (EER) and environmental education (EE). Using a critical realist/materialist history of the present method, this brief commentary outlines some of the key principles and purposes of the Seminar series that helped shape the framing, conceptualization, and contextualization of the 13 Invitational Seminar held in Bertioga, Brazil in 2015. The main theme of the 13 Seminar, posed as a researchable question, was: What is 'critical' about critical environmental education research (EER)? There are persistent concerns that the early promise and potential of EE in the 1970s is being diminished as the field develops, diversifies and is absorbed into certain dominant logics and/or prevailing practices. The Seminar series is an attractive alternative for researchers historically committed to a critical praxis of EER that promotes environmental ethics and socio-ecological justices. For the first time in the series, environmental education researchers from Brazil (as an indicator of Latin/South America) were invited to give voice to their research efforts. In Brazil, there is an emergent body of knowledge that serves environmentally as a location of knowledge. Possibly, this literature base represents a distinctive geo-epistemological understanding of the local, translocal, national, regional, and transnational achievements and aspirations of the Brazilianess of EER. As an evolving history of the present (and future), this commentary concludes with some basic recommendations for the future local and translocal development of post-critical framings of inquiry that highlight the importance of sustaining locations of knowledge production in and for critical perspectives of environmental education research.


We have performed a merged beam experiment on mutual neutralization of Li+ and D−, at center of mass energies close to 0 eV using the DESIREE storage rings. The final state channels Li(3s) and Li(3p+3d) are resolved and the branching ratio is found to be more equal than predicted from theoretical models.


The primary objective of this program was to implement a digital computer subtraction techique and evaluate the method using eddy current data derived from models of observed in-service defects. The Zetec ML-2 signal analyzer was also briefly examined. A secondary objective was to investigate the multifrequency aspects of eddy current inspection with regards to the detection and characterization of signal types. Digital subtraction techniques, in which a reference support plate signal is subtracted from a distorted support plate signal with the defect signal remaining as the resultant, have been examined by implementing computer programs on a PDP 11/40 and also using a commercially available signal analyzer. Multifrequency eddy currents, in which a coil is excited at more than one frequency, offers advantages in characterizing certain primary or secondary side tube conditions. The use of more than one inspection frequency can provide additional information in the characterization of laminated support plates, tube dings and magnetic tube deposits.


In 1998 a lawsuit was filed at the Umea District Court, Sweden, by 120 landowners in Nordmaling against the three Saami villages of Ran, Vapsten and Umbyn. The complaint concerned the entitlements to lands in the territory of Nordmaling, owned by the plaintiffs but habitually accessed by the Saami as winter pasture for their reindeer. The question was whether the Saami villages fulfilled the legal requirements of use over rime and had the right to herd according to customary right. In 2006 the landowners lost their claims in the District Court, which ruled in favour of the Saami, establishing the Saami villages' customary fight in the disputed territories. The landowners appealed to the Court of Appeals in Ovre Norrland, but lost again in 2007. The case was then appealed to the third and highest legal instance, the Swedish Supreme Court, which reached its verdict on 27 April 2011, ending the 14-year-long legal process. The Supreme Court upheld the previous verdicts, ruling that the Saami reindeer herders are entitled to graze their animals in the territory of Nordmaling according to the principle of customary rights. This is the first major legal victory for the Saami after decades of defending their right to herd reindeer on privately owned lands. Had the three Saami villages lost access to these winter pastures, the herders would have had to choose either to stop their herding practices overall, or to reduce significantly the number of animals, putting at risk the survival of their livelihood and culture as pastoralists over the long term. Besides granting herding rights in Nordmaling to the herders of Ran, Vapsten and Umbyn, this final ruling provides important guidelines about Saami land rights more broadly. The court confirmed that customary fights form the strongest legal principle for herding rights on winter pastures, and defined herding rights as collective rights that apply to the whole Saami reindeer herding population, and cannot expire. These new legal guidelines represent a call for a redefinition of state responsibilities in these matters, as well as stronger political measures to understand and solve the periodical local conflicts between Saami herders and landowners. Legal Precedents to the Nordmaling Case The Saami victory in the Nordmaling case needs to be understood against the long list of similar cases that preceded it. The first major legal process where Saami villages claimed stronger rights to land and water was the Altevatn case, tried in the Norwegian Supreme Court and closed in 1968. In that instance, Swedish Saami herders obtained confirmation of their 'immemorial' land rights (sw. Urminnes havd) to summer grazing in parts of Norway. The Altevatn victory sparked a similar legal contest for land rights in Sweden, known as the Taxed Mountain case (sw. Skattefjallsmalet) which closed in 1981. The Saami asked for confirmation of their user rights and possibly even ownership rights Coased on 'immemorial right'), over specific contested northern territories that are used year-round for herding purposes. The Supreme Court ruled against the Saami claims, but confirmed that a nomadic population could acquire ownership rights to land and water through 'immemorial use', defined as occupation and use gained so far back in time that no one knows or can remember when their ancestors first came to be there. The ruling for the Taxed Mountain case also established that the burden of proof for immemorial right rests with the Saami and must be secured in court for each contested land area. The Saami have since been fighting for their rights to use lands for grazing through drawn-out and costly legal processes, which they have most often lost. In the 1990s a number of forest companies joined seven hundred landowners in a lawsuit against Saami herders in what came to be known as the Harjedalen case. The land owners claimed that the Saami lacked customary rights to herd their reindeer 'below' the border of the defined year-round grazing areas2 in the territory of Harjedalen, and accused the reindeer herds of damaging newly planted tree saplings. …


Linear and nonlinear properties of silver-nanoparticle-doped photonic crystal fibers (SNPCFs) are explored to obtain exciting nonlinear pulse dynamics. SNPCF offers additional control over the Kerr nonlinearity of the core glass. Unlike traditional PCFs, these composite fibers offer a significantly large negative nonlinearity at lower wavelengths. The interplay between large negative nonlinearity and dispersion leads to interesting dynamics of ultrashort pulse evolution where blueshifted Raman solitons are generated along with phase-matched radiations. Further, it is observed that the numeric sign of self-steepening coefficient provides an additional tool in harnessing the dispersive wave generation.


In order to increase the efficiency and reliability of modelling and simulation for the linear systems with the coupling of multi-energy domains,a method based on bond graph is introduced.In consideration of the coupling of energy variables and coenergy variables in independent energy storage field and dependent energy storage field,The unified formulae of system state space equations which are easily generated on a computer is derived.As a result,the automatic modeling and simulation on a computer are realized Based on MATLAB.By the dynamic analysis for diaphragm wall grab y axis direction control system,the validity of the procedure is illustrated.


HISTORICALLY, the educator, psychologist, physician, and others have been concerned with the challenge of educating exceptional children, such as the mentally retarded, the deaf, the blind, the culturally disadvantaged, and more recently, the learning disabled. The philosophies, rationales, methods, and techniques employed have been numerous and have been used with differing degrees of success. A basic problem has been the absence of a clearly articulated philosophy of special education — a philosophy that could serve to unite the assorted groups of professionals and nonprofessionals who have traditionally served the exceptional child. A philosophy with teeth has been needed — one capable of generating dynamic and systematic approaches to diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this paper is to discuss two basic approaches to remedial education: the global approach and the learning-disabilities approach.


Ge is one of the most promising candidate for p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (p-MOSFETs) because its highest hole mobility than Si and III-V materials. Since the carrier mobility depends on both the substrate orientation and channel direction. The calculation shows that (110) Ge p-MOSFET has the highest unstrained hole mobility with the <;110> channel direction. To further improve the performance, the compressive stress is applied mechanically to enhance the hole mobility. The source/drain (S/D) resistance is also reduced using the NiGe contact electrodes.


How women are marginalized during the partition and after the partition is the major theoretical concern of this research. The present research reveals how Sidhwa and Shahraz address the gender oppression in Ice Candy Man and The Holy Woman respectively. Different researchers also argues that both writers describe the subjection of women to rape, conversion, forced marriages and various sexual abuses during partition and in the days of peace. The social structure of our society regards women as the honor of family. In case of marginalization she suffers the sexual violence; she gets profaned, resulting in the honor killing of the family. Sidhwa and Shahraz represent this oppression, marginalization, and violence as the shameful event. Shahraz and Sidhwa's writings shows how the gender oppression work through their bodies. The selected novels of both writers show how the women are oppressed, marginalized, controlled, and exploited by the men under the shade of cultural, social, and religious traditions. This research will expose both the violent and subtle ways in which patriarchy repress the female to control in Pakistani society. The main focus of this research is to show how the works of these two female writers are critically examined to understand their role in exploring the issues of women that they face in this patriarchal society through the literary medium. Keywords: women, oppression, marginalization, patriarchy, religious, social, traditions


The report summarizes the research activities related to insulation systems of HVDC apparatuses. The obtained experimental data on electric resistivities and permittivities of materials constituting the insulation system are analyzed. The measurements of surface potential distributions on HVDC insulator mock-up and the results of its impulse testing are discussed. The developed methodology for combined LI & dc tests and the obtained results are introduced. An analysis of static and transient (including impulse conditions and polarity reversal) electric fields in the device is presented.


Various verticals in 5G and beyond (B5G) networks require very stringent latency guarantees, while at the same time envisioning massive connectivity. As a result, choosing the optimal multiple access (MA) technique to achieve low latency is a key enabler of B5G. In particular, this issue is more acute in uplink transmissions due to the potentially high number of collisions. On this premise, in the present contribution we discuss the issue of delay-sensitive uplink connectivity using optimized MA techniques; to this end, we perform a comparative analysis of various MA approaches with respect to the achievable effective capacity (EC). As opposed to standard rate (PHY) or throughput (MAC) analyses, we propose the concept of the effective capacity as a suitable metric for characterizing jointly PHY-MAC layer delays. The palette of investigated MA approaches includes standard orthogonal MA (OMA) and power domain non orthogonal MA (NOMA) in uplink scenarios, both considering random pairing and optimized pairing alternatives. It further extends to encompass a recently proposed third alternative, referred to as NOMA-Relevant (NOMA-R), which extends OMA and NOMA approaches by flexibly selecting the MA technique. We show that optimizing both user pairing and MA selection increases the network EC, especially when stringent delay constraints are in place; thus a flexible MA is a potentially preferable strategy for future low latency applications


The present investigation is concerned with the effect of Hall currents on boundary layer flow, and heat and mass transfer of an electrically conducting fluid over an unsteady stretching sheet in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The electron-atom collision frequency is assumed to be relatively high, so that the Hall effect is assumed to exist, while the induced magnetic field is neglected. The governing time-dependent boundary layer equations for momentum, thermal energy, and concentration are reduced using a similarity transformation to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. The similarity ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically by the successive linearization method together with the Chebyshev pseudo-spectral collocation method. Effects of the Prandtl number, Pr, Schmidt number, Sc, magnetic field, M, Hall parameter, m, and the unsteadiness parameter, A, on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles as well as the local skin friction coefficient and the heat and mass transfer rates are depicted graphically and/or in tabular form. Favorable comparisons with previously published work on various special cases of the problem are also obtained.


and not the anaesthetist, who is confronted with these occasional complications, not only because such complications are almost invariably the concern of his department, but because the cases most likely to be affected are those in which nasal and pharyngeal operations, and tonsillectomy in particular, have been performed. It is clearly unwise to pass a tube through a nasal passage the interior of which is a closed book to the introducer; it is not enough to ask a patient if he can breathe through the chosen airway, as that will disclose neither a sharp spur nor an infected nose. More useful help can be gained by an examination with a headlight after shrinking with cocaine; this may reveal a passage in which trauma is unavoidable, and which not even the most gentle persuasion could negotiate with safety: trauma is the prerequisite of all intubation troubles. Complications Haernorrhage.-This may be caused by undue force being applied in a narrow nose or by coming up against an impassable obstruction: the highly vascular mucous membrane is abraded, and the seeds of possible infection are sown. In a few cases haemorrhage has been very considerable, and in one tonsillectomy case the surgeon was blamed because the patient lost as much as two pints of blood. Infection.-This is secondary to abrasion of the mucosa, although it may be caused primarily by faulty aseptic technique. Though more likely to occur in an already infected nose-in which case an aggravation of symptoms will result-it may also be found in a hitherto perfectly healthy one. In tonsillectomy or septic pharyngeal cases infection is particularly likely to occur if trauma has taken place; buit the causation in these cases is different, and it is, I believe, the withdrawal of the tube from an infected field over the abraded area in the nose which is responsible. It was the occasional virulent sinus infection after tonsillectomy in a war hospital that first attracted my attention, and I noticed that this sequence had occurred: haemorrhage from the intubated side of the nose, followed by an infection of the antrum on the same side, in cases in which radiographs and transillumination had shown the antrum to be healthy before operation. By withdrawal of the tube, on which have accumulated organisms and septic blood-clot resulting from the operation, and depositing these on the abraded mucosa or sinus ostia, infection is readily initiated. Such sinus or nasal infections greatly increase the patient's discomfort and prolong convalescence; they rarely clear up without intranasal drainage, and may necessitate a stay in hospital, in Service cases, of 4 to 6 weeks instead of the usual 7 to 10 days. Such nasal infections may encourage secondary haemorrhage from the tonsillar bed or nasal passage or lead to acute otitis media. It is indeed difficult to explain to the tonsil patient why the antrum should require puncture, the ear an incision, or the nose packing. A dhesionis between the two surfaces of the nasal passage, septal and turbinal, may follow if both of these have been traumatized in opposed areas.


On the basis of laws of mechanics of continuous reacting media and experimental data the mathematical model of forest fires initiation is developed. The new technique of the numerical decision of spatial (three-dimensional) problems of the theory of forest fires is used. Distributions of velocities, temperatures, concentration a component gas (the oxygen, flying products of pyrolysis and burning) and condensed phases in space in a vicinity of the center of occurrence and distribution of forest fire are received.


For 13 years, Queen Victoria wrote letters to Abdul Karim almost daily, sometimes several a day, in some fondly calling him "Dearest Munshi" and "your closest friend". Shrabani Basu told BBC that on some occasions Queen Victoria even signed off her letters to Abdul Karim with a flurry of kisses.Abdul Karim, a 24-year-old, tall and handsome Muslim from Agra worked as a clerk at Central Jail. He was sent to England during the Golden Jubilee celebrations to 'wait tables'. Basu told the BBC that the young Muslim was contemplating leaving his job soon after his employment began because it was "too menial" but the Queen successfully persuaded him not to.The Queen gained a fondness for all things Abdul Karim; he once cooked curry for the Queen and she loved it so much that it remained on the royal menu for 13 years. She also asked Abdul Karim to become her Urdu teacher, taking daily lessons. She was then able to read and write Urdu. Now Abdul Karim became her 'Munshi' (teacher).The Queen looked after Abdul Karim when he had a boil on his neck. Her personal physician Dr Reid was called to attend to him. Dr Reid wrote "Queen was visiting Abdul Karim twice daily in his room taking Hindustani lessons, signing her boxes, examining his neck, smoothing his pillows, etc". He thought it was 'Munshimania'.The Queen expressed her admiration for the Munshi by giving him cottages, expensive gifts, honours, his own horse-drawn carriage and driver, etc. In one of Queen's letters to Abdul Karim she writes "The long letter I enclose (separately) which was written nearly a month ago is entirely and solely my own idea not a human being will ever know of it or what you answer me.If you can't read (referring to her hand-writing) I will help you and then burn it at once".I have always wondered what she must have written to him that she wanted to be burnt after reading. She had also written to the Duchess of Connaught "I am so very fond of him, he is so good and gentle and understanding".Munshi was then promoted to become Indian Secretary to the Queen. The Queen took him on her visits and vacations in Europe; this proximity along with her trust for him caused great friction and jealousy. Ponsonby, Col Bigge, Dr Reid and others tried turning the Queen against Munshi with insinuating comments about his social status in India, finances and even his health but the Queen considered it to be racial prejudice and called it "shameful". According to the BBC once someone had tried to say ill about Abdul Karim and the Queen angrily responded "this is typical of you British". …


There are many models in phyllotaxis concerned with optimality principles which are apparently equivalent. The important problem of showing the equivalence of the models has been underlined but not addressed yet. This paper addresses the general problem of determining up to which point we have equivalence. The viewpoint adopted is the one of the outcomes of the models, of what they generate, and of what they don't, at least in their actual states. It will be emphasized too that models in phyllotaxis can be compared at many different levels, and that their biological supports can spring from many of these levels.


Circadian rhythms, generated by cell autonomous biological clocks internally, is one ofthe focuses in life science in recent years. Some clock-related genes in several model organisms,such as cyanobacteria, Neurospora, Am4idopsis, Drosophila and mousem, are cloned and identifiedin succession. This is the basis of understanding the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Thegeneral meChanism in different organisms is probably that oscillator proteins use distinct modesof regulation in different cell types to achieve the negative feedback on their gene transcription.Cryptochrome may be the clock photoreceptor shared by plants and animals.


Juveniles of four acanthocephalan species were revealed in cysts found in abdominal cavities of 62 examined fish individuals representing 13 species. Corynosoma hamanii (Linstow, 1892) were found to be very common off South Shetlands as opposed to the waters near South Georgia where they occurred in lo'w numbers. Descriptions of C.hama1111i, Cbullosum (Linstow, 1892), and Csingularis Skryabin et Nikol'sky, 1971 are given. Cshackletoni Zdzitowiecki, 1978 were found in a fish, one adult individual being found in the intestine of a gull, Larus dominicanus.


The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among female ballet dancers is much lower than among female soccer players, there is currently little research examining the landing error scoring system (LESS) of female ballet dancers and female soccer players. The purpose of this study was to investigate the LESS during drop vertical jump on ACL injury risk factors in female ballet dancers and female soccer players. Thirteen professional female ballet dancers and elite female soccer players participated in the study. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the LESS score between the groups with Bonferroni collection. The elite female soccer player group showed significantly higher stance width.wide, foot position.toe out, symmetric initial foot contact, overall impression and total LESS score than those of the professional ballet dancers.


Surface acoustic wave(SAW) propagation properties including propagation phase velocity, power flow angle(PFA), anisotropic factor, electromechanical coupling factor(k2) and temperature coefficient of frequency(TCF) are calculated in an optimal region defined by Euler angle (90o,0o~20o,0o~180o) for LGS crystal. It is concluded that the Euler angle (90o, 20o, 122.23o) and (90o, 17.5o, 121.9o) possess superior SAW performance, which have zero PFA, low TCF and moderate k2 simultaneously. We can give priority to these cut-types in the SAW applications at high temperature.


PurposeFair grading produces learning ability levels that are understandable and acceptable to both learners and instructors. Norm-referenced grading can be achieved by several means such as z score, K-means and a heuristic. However, these methods typically deliver the varied degrees of grading fairness depending on input score data.Design/methodology/approachTo attain the fairest grading, this paper proposes a hybrid algorithm that integrates z score, K-means and heuristic methods with a novel fairness objective function as a decision function.FindingsDepending on an experimented data set, each of the algorithm's constituent methods could deliver the fairest grading results with fairness degrees ranging from 0.110 to 0.646. We also pointed out key factors in the fairness improvement of norm-referenced achievement grading.Originality/valueThe main contributions of this paper are four folds: the definition of fair norm-referenced grading requirements, a hybrid algorithm for fair norm-referenced grading, a fairness metric for norm-referenced grading and the fairness performance results of the statistical, heuristic and machine learning methods.


Nuclear effects in the small x region of hadron-nucleus Drell-Yan processes at 800 GeV are analyzed. We employ the parton recombination model to describe the suppression in the R f&"(x2} ratio and we compare it with Rz«(x), in the same kinematical region. Our results show that shadowing effects in Drell-Yan and deep inelastic scattering processes admit a description based on this model in both cases but with different characteristic parameters. Good agreement with experimental results is obtained. PACS number(s}: 25.40.Ve, 13.85.Qk, 24.85.+p, 25.30. — c


Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) appear to be at increased risk of psychosocial problems, but there are few large‐scale studies related to mental health in paediatric IBD. We aimed to assess the use of antidepressants among adolescents with recent‐onset IBD.


This study investigated the beliefs and teaching practices of a kindergarten teacher who participated in the Louisiana Systemic Initiative Program (LaSIP). It focused on the teacher's beliefs and classroom practices both prior to and after the LaSIP summer mathematics in-service activities. Ethnographic and life history methods were employed. The teacher's self-reports were the primary data source used to determine her beliefs and practices prior to the inservice, with triangulation provided through an interview with her principal and analysis of artifacts. She was observed during the academic year following the in-service activities. Data collection included field notes, audiotapes, photographs, diaries, and artifacts. Quantitative data from a guestionnaire and two other classroom observational instruments were also analyzed to determine her beliefs and practices after the in-service activities. Analyses of the life history data revealed that a variety of academic and personal experiences impacted the beliefs and practices that the teacher brought to the LaSIP in-service. She attended a number of in-service activities before participating in the LaSIP activities. The analyses


Northwestern University with DOE support created a Facility for Clean Catalytic Process Research. This facility is designed to further strengthen our already strong catalysis research capabilities and thus to address these National challenges. Thus, state-of-the art instrumentation and experimentation facility was commissioned to add far greater breadth, depth, and throughput to our ability to invent, test, and understand catalysts and catalytic processes, hence to improve them via knowledge-based design and evaluation approaches.


The invention relates to the technical field of air purifier adjusting control, in particular to an air purifier adjusting control method, device and system and an air purifier. The air purifier adjusting control method includes the steps of collecting air purifying information which includes filtering screen air pass total amount, filtering screen work duration and air quality information, and carrying out adjusting control on the air purifier according to the air purifying information, wherein adjusting control includes filtering screen replacement prompt sending and adjustment of the rotation speed of the air purifier. By means of the air purifier adjusting control method, device and system and the air purifier, according to the filtering screen air passing total amount and the filtering work duration, filtering screen replacement prompts are sent, the rotation speed of the air purifier is automatically adjusted according to the air quality information, and the requirement for actual adjustment control of the air purifier can be met.


Water use by cannabis cultivators represents an emerging threat to surface flows in Northern California's sensitive watersheds. To date, however, no data has been available to formally assess where cannabis sites source their water. This study analyzed data from annual reports, covering the year 2017, submitted by 901 cannabis cultivators enrolled in the Cannabis Waste Discharge Regulatory Program administered by the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. The analysis identified cannabis cultivators' most common sources for water extraction, monthly patterns for each water source and differences between sites compliant and not compliant with the cannabis program. The most commonly reported source of water was wells (58% of sites), with most extraction from wells occurring during the growing season (April through October). Surface water diversions (22% of sites) and spring diversions (16% of sites) were the most common sources after wells, with extractions from these sources distributed much more evenly across the year. Although nearly one-third of noncompliant sites (33%) used wells, this source was more than twice as frequently reported among compliant sites (68%), indicating that wells may become increasingly common as more sites become part of the regulated cannabis industry.


The U.S. and the EU have somewhat similar antitrust policies, and both have been globally influential. This article, however, argues that the differences between the two systems of antitrust are deep and fundamental and that convergence is therefore sharply constrained. We explore those contentions by examining differing goals, differing procedures, and differing policies.


This paper makes calculation of the investment,annual operating cost and yielded benefit of the water-saving project of Xinrong District of Datong City,and makes national economic evaluation,financial evaluation and sensitivity analysis for this project,and holds that the implementation of this project will set an example for the development of the water saving project of Datong City and even the whole country,and also can provide great vitality for the economic take-off of this district.


Based on the functions and characters of the 3-D Laser Color Scanner(3DLCS),the bullet 3-D marks informa-tion are picked up.Using the algorithm of minimum absolute difference(MAD),computer automatic bullet marks mea-suring can be done.Comparing traditional methods,algorithm of MAD can reduce the quantity of data and the difficulty of measuring,and the workload of human is considerably alleviated while the results are much more precise.


Cancer is not just a disease that affect the human bodies, but it affects the psychological state of the patient first and that is more painful than the physical affect itself. Therefore, this is necessary to create a place for children cancer patients that combined the rehabilitation, educational facilities and psychological care in addition to the medication treatment. The purpose of this study is to gather healthcare information, provide case studies and identify the global and local standards that will clarify the needs and requirements for the development of Kid's Cancer Hospital. Three unique and luxurious hospitals from UAE, North Zealand and USA were considered for case study. This study covered the planning assumption and site selection as well as evaluation for the development of Kid's Cancer Hospital. The site evaluation result suggested that the north side of Jeddah, Obhur Al Janubia District, Saudi Arabia are suitable location to develop the Kid's Cancer Hospital due to several privilege advantages such as beautiful scenery, high level of security and privacy, fresh air, good landscape for various activities.


The release of biologically active substances from isolated lungs by 5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptamine VALERIE A. ALABASTER and Y. S. BAKHLE, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons of England, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London W.C.2 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is removed from the circulation by the lung both in vivo and in vitro (Gaddum, Hebb, Silver & Swan, 1953; Thomas & Vane, 1967). Isolated lungs of the rat and guinea-pig perfused with Krebs solution remove more than 90% of 5-HT in low concentrations (5-50 ng/ml) from the pulmonary circulation, without causing a significant increase in pulmonary perfusion pressure or releasing other substances from the lung (Alabaster & Bakhle, 1970). The 5-HT removed by the lung was rapidly metabolized by a monoamine oxidase. Experiments have now been carried out with higher concentrations of 5-HT. The lungs from guinea-pigs and rats were dissected free, inflated and perfused via the pulmonary artery with Krebs bicarbonate solution, maintained at 370 C and gassed with 50% CO2 in oxygen. The rate of perfusion was kept constant at 8-10 ml/min. Isolated lobes of dog lung were perfused via a branch of the pulmonary artery in the same way. The effluent from the pulmonary circulation was used to superfuse up to six isolated assay organs. 5-HT was infused for 3-5 min into the pulmonary arterial cannula, and active substances in the lung perfusate were detected by a continuous bioassay technique (Vane, 1969). The tissues were chosen to detect the presence of 5-HT, histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, " slow reacting substance " (SRS: Brocklehurst, 1962), and " rabbit aorta contracting substance " (RCS; Piper & Vane, 1969). Combinations of antagonists were infused over the assay tissues to confirm biological activity and increase the specificity of the assay. Thus prostaglandins were detected in the presence of 5-HT by contractions of a rat stomach strip, rat colon and chick rectum in the presence of methysergide bimaleate (2 x 10-7 g/ml). Infusions of 5-HT (0 05-1 ,tg/ml) into the pulmonary artery of rat isolated lungs produced a large rise in perfusion pressure associated with a release of substances from the lung. Substances detected in the lung perfusate included 5-HT (proportion not metabolized by the lung), prostaglandins, an SRS and other active substances. Similar results were also obtained with tryptamine (0 5-2 ,tg/ml) infused into the pulmonary artery. Results obtained from isolated lungs of rat, guinea-pig and dog have been compared. These results may have clinical significance since venous plasma concentration of free 5-HT has been reported to be in the range of 0-1-2 ,ug/ml in acute conditions of carcinoid syndrome (Stacey, 1966; Peart & Robertson, 1961).


Summary Platelet factor 4 (PF4) and beta thromboglobulin (βTG) are platelet-specific proteins which are released upon platelet aggregation and which can be accurately measured by radioimmunoassay. We devised a catheter-infusion system that enables serial determinations of these proteins. In 20 subjects (10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with stable coronary artery disease), we compared samples collected by individual venipunctures with those simultaneously obtained by means of a simple catheter-infusion system. At least 5 samples were obtained over a period of time which was as long as 60 min, and at least 30 min. Subjects with stable coronary artery disease were selected so that they would be expected to have stable and normal PF4 and βTG levels. Thus, elevations of either PF4 or βTG would represent artifacts secondary to sampling technique. Analysis of the results demonstrated that the catheter-infusion system was equivalent to individual venipunctures for determination of PF4 and βTG . 16.8% of samples obtained via the catheter and 17.2% of those obtained by individual venipunctures were spuriously elevated. A second series of studies were performed to refine the technique further by examining the impact of infusion rate and the addition of citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD) to the infusate. Ten additional subjects had catheter systems utilized in both arms simultaneously. The addition of CPD resulted in significantly less abnormal values at slower infusion rates (1 and 2.5 cc/min). At 5 cc/min D5/w or saline alone are suitable. These investigations confirm that this simple catheter system is equivalent to individual venipunctures for determination of PF4 and βTG while avoiding patient discomfort. Also noted was the fact that a high percentage of determinations could be spuriously elevated by either technique under clinical demands. Thus, multiple determinations from the same subject are necessary to assure reproducibility.


We introduce families of weighted grand Lebesgue spaces which generalize weighted grand Lebesgue spaces (known also as Iwaniec–Sbordone spaces). The generalization admits a possibility of expanding usual (weighted) Lebesgue spaces to grand spaces by various ways by means of additional functional parameter. For such generalized grand spaces we prove a theorem on the boundedness of linear operators under the information of their boundedness in the usual weighted Lebesgue spaces. By means of this theorem we prove the boundedness of the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator and Calderon–Zygmund singular operators win the weighted grand spaces under consideration.


OBJECTIVES:The efficacy of combination therapy with pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) α plus ribavirin (RBV) in the retreatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in patients who previously failed combination standard IFN plus RBV or IFN monotherapy has not been well established.METHODS:Three hundred and twenty-one CHC patients including virologic nonresponders to combination IFN plus RBV (n = 219) or IFN monotherapy (n = 47), and relapsers to combination therapy (n = 55) were randomized to receive PEG IFN α-2b 1.5 μg/kg per wk plus RBV 800 mg per day (Regimen A, n = 160) or PEG IFN α-2b 1.0 μg/kg per wk plus RBV 1,000–1,200 mg per day (Regimen B, n = 161) for 48 wks.RESULTS:Sustained virologic response (SVR) occurred in 16% of the overall study population (Regimen A vs B, 18% vs 13%, p = 0.21), in 8% of the combination therapy nonresponders (10% vs 6%, p = 0.35), in 21% of the IFN monotherapy nonresponders (16% vs 27%, p = 0.35), and in 42% of the combination therapy relapsers (50% vs 32%, p = 0.18). In nonresponders to prior combination therapy, HCV ribonucleic acid levels <100,000 copies/mL at the end of the prior treatment course were associated with an increased SVR compared with levels ≥100,000 copies/mL (21% vs 5%, p = 0.002). In the overall study population, genotype 1 patients had lower SVR rates than others (14% vs 33%, p = 0.01), and African Americans had lower SVR than Caucasians (4% vs 18%, p = 0.01).CONCLUSION:Combination therapy with PEG IFN α-2b plus RBV is more effective in patients who relapsed after combination standard IFN plus RBV than in nonresponders to either combination therapy or IFN monotherapy. There was no significant effect of dosing regimen.


In rodent models, caloric restriction (CR) with maintenance of adequate micronutrient supply has been reported to increase lifespan and to reduce age‐induced muscle loss (sarcopenia) during ageing. In the present study, we further investigated effects of CR on the onset and severity of sarcopenia in ageing male C57BL/6 J mice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CR induces changes in behaviour of the animals that could contribute to the pronounced health‐promoting effects of CR in rodents. In addition, we aimed to investigate in more detail the effects of CR on the onset and severity of sarcopenia.


Purpose – Trust is an ability that characterises human beings as social creatures. It is becoming a key variable in a society strongly influenced by online communication, and in the important field of PR as well. The present study aims to investigate the possibilities of creating trust in online communication when face‐to‐face interaction, which is usually considered to be a crucial element of communication, is missing. This is an empirical study of the factors that promote or hinder the expectation of trust and the willingness to trust.Design/methodology/approach – The research question is derived from attribution theory and postulates that the assigning of an interlocutor's similarity to or dissimilarity oneself influences the development of trust. Since online communication is a purely verbal exchange, various language styles were experimentally tested to determine whether they would create in the receiver a perception of similarity to or dissimilarity from the sender of the message, so that the receiv...


OBJECTIVE
Taste dysfunction is one of the most common complications following radiotherapy, which leads to decreased appetite and life quality of patients suffering from head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) deficiency in irradiation-induced taste dysfunction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Alterations in oxidative stress, DNA damage, and potential signaling pathway were compared between Chk2-deficient (Chk2-/- ) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates pre-irradiation and 7 and 30 days postirradiation by biochemistry and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS
Chk2-/- mice showed less loss of type II and type III taste cells, lower expression of p53, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3, and lower apoptosis levels. However, no significant differences in H2 O2 and MDA concentrations, T-SOD and GSH-Px activities, and expression of SOD1, SOD2, and 8-OHdG were detected in the taste buds of Chk2-/- mice as compared to those of WT mice.

CONCLUSION
Chk2 deficiency downregulated the expression of p53 and inhibited cellular apoptosis, partly contributing to the radioprotective effect on taste cells, but did not alter oxidative stress levels, antioxidant ability, and oxidative DNA damage in taste buds.


Abstract The convergence analysis with rates for adaptive least-squares finite element methods (ALSFEMs) combines arguments from the a posteriori analysis of conforming and mixed finite element schemes. This paper provides an overview of the key arguments for the verification of the axioms of adaptivity for an ALSFEM for the solution of a linear model problem. The formulation at hand allows for the simultaneous analysis of first-order systems of the Poisson model problem, the Stokes equations, and the linear elasticity equations. Following [Carstensen and Park, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 53(1), 2015], the adaptive algorithm is driven by an alternative residual-based error estimator with exact solve and includes a separate marking strategy for quasi-optimal data resolution of the right-hand side. This presentation covers conforming discretisations for an arbitrary polynomial degree and mixed homogeneous boundary conditions.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the dietary intake of vitamins and minerals in elderly Portuguese aged 81-86 years.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional study in elderly born 1913-1918, who are participants of the SENECA study.

SETTING
Vila Franca de Xira, small town located near Lisbon.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Using standardized methodology data have been collected from 81 elderly subjects, 41 men and 40 women,who are the survivors of the participants in the SENECA baseline study performed in 1988/89. Dietary intake data were collected using a 24-hour dietary recall interview.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The nutrient densities were higher than the values observed in the follow up study in 1993, except for vitamin A in both sexes and iron in women, and they were lower than "Nordisk Recommended Daily Nutrient Densities" only for vitamin A and calcium in both sexes and iron in women. The percentage of elderly below the Lowest European Recommended Dietary Intake (LRDI) increased, in relation to the 1993 follow up of SENECA study, for the micronutrients in men and in women, except for vitamins B1 and B6 in women. The highest percentage of subjects with micronutrient intakes below LRDI was detected for vitamin A, 78% in men and 73% in women. Regarding calcium the percentage of subjects below LRDI was 39% in men, and 45% in women, and for iron was 49% in men and 73% in women.

CONCLUSION
An increased risk of micronutrient deficiencies was detected.


A theoretical model of the existence of ion acoustic double layers in a plasma with electron drift velocity less than the electron thermal speed which has already been observed experimentally and in numerical simulation, has been presented in this paper. The velocity and thickness of these double layers have been calculated.


We investigate the external validity of corruption experiments by conducting the same experiment in three different environments: a laboratory in a developed country, a laboratory in a developing country and the field in a developing country. In the experiment, a candidate proposes a bribe to a grader to obtain a better grade. We find the direction and magnitude of several treatment effects to be statistically indistinguishable across the three environments. In particular, increasing the graders' wage reduces the probability of accepting the bribe but promotes reciprocation. Our results therefore provide evidence that laboratory experiments on corruption can have empirical relevance.


This article aims to define Subject and subjectivity, according to Freud and Lacan theories, and to discuss some particularities present in modes of subjectification and their effects on human existence, illness and social relationships in contemporaneity. In sum, for psychoanalysis, the subjective is defined by a division of two orders of function, related to the Conscious and to the Unconscious. The Subject of the psychoanalysis is the Subject of desire, delineated by Freud through the notion of Unconscious, marked and moved by the fault, different of the biological being and of the Subject of philosophy conscious. This Subject is constituted by his insertion in a symbolic order that comes before him, crossed by the language, tacked by the Other's desire


The modern novel undertook the historical responsibility to mount mainstream literary arena,self-criticizing to the traditional and absorbing from foreign land,formed the time special character which Chinese novel concept inherited and rebelled against the old thing in the transition process.Displaying the enormous power of choice of cultural and times,Chinese literature and spirit became a noble literature in the process of continuity and fracture, in the journey of rehabilitation,which changed some ideas on the realization of text position and aesthetic orientation.


This paper presents the effects of parameters variation over the speed response of vector controlled induction motor drives for high performance applications. The design and simulation of fuzzy logic controller are considered based on design case constant parameter fuzzy logic (DCCPFL) controller. The scaling factors for DCCPFL controller are calculated based on identified motor parameter. The performance of the DCCPFL is compared with conventional PI controller. Three different parameters is tested under no-load and loaded conditions namely rotor resistance, inertia and self-inductance. From the simulation results, it is proved that the DCCPFL have better performance in term of different parameter variations and also load disturbances. Thus the DCCPFL is appropriate to replace the conventional PI for high performance of induction motor drives system.


A chance‐constrained model is proposed for the problem of finding the economically optimal treatment efficiency at each of several waste dischargers along a river basin while maintaining risks of stream quality violation in the different reaches below prescribed bounds. Streamflow is recognized as a random variable with a known probability distribution. This model overcomes a major drawback in a previous model, namely the requirement of a priori knowledge of the initial DO deficit at the top of every reach. The model is applied to the Hsintien River, Taiwan.


Two studies examined the hypothesis that the evaluation of developmental stability changes across adulthood. Results of Study 1 (N = 119) supported the expectation that older adults (M age = 65.29 years)—compared to younger (M age = 23.38 years) and middle-aged adults (M age = 38.68 years)— evaluate developmental stability more positively and losses less negatively across all life domains included in this study (subjective well-being, social relationships, cognition, physical functioning). Replicating and extending these findings, Study 2 (N = 182, age-range: 18–86 years) demonstrated that these age-related differences exist only for stability on an explicit and implicit level of evaluation. Moreover, Study 2 shows that the positive evaluation of stability increases after resource investments into maintaining stability were made salient. We discuss the results in relation to motivational orientation and psychological adjustment to developmental change. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025413490866 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-79370 Originally published at: Mustafić, Maida; Freund, Alexandra M (2013). Age-related differences in evaluating developmental stability. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 37(4):376-386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025413490866 Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch


We report here a patient with extremely indolent mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who had progressed and required immunochemotherapy 20 years after diagnostic splenectomy. Non‐nodal, indolent MCL patients may progress after such an extraordinary long indolent phase, and we recommend lifelong follow up for such cases.


Alles Europa news reports that Samsung probably showed a frameless 8K TV on renders. The frameless 8K-TV will be another demonstration of the ...


Epistle finds this witness in Jesus Christ. In him the TEAOS not only has been defined but also empirically demonstrated for the faithful in terms both of present potentiality and ultimate realization. But these terms (and epithets) are meaningful not primarily as theological abstractions, but as derivatives from a mutual relationship between him and his 'brethren' in the 'days of his flesh'. He is thus the apxnyos and TeAetanris of faith. ALLEN WIKGREN


This study explores customer service quality, satisfaction, and trust judgments within the context of service recovery and relationship marketing practices in an insurance setting. Service recovery most generally deals with complaint management. The study offers three contributions to the body of knowledge specific to the insurance industry. First, the results identify potential interactive and curvilinear influences that possess the ability to bias traditional regression results. Second, the results suggest that models of customer behaviors may vary across target markets and/or respondent pools, and even across organizations and their own agents. Finally, a research framework is presented and discussed that will assist insurance marketers in helping to overcome potential bias in regression coefficients used in competitive insurance settings. The research and managerial implications of the reported study are also presented and discussed.


The adaptive driving beam headlamp system is helpful to solve the traffic safety problems caused by the abuse of high beams at night. The fundamental problem for the adaptive driving beam system is to detect and track the vehicles at specific night environment for light shape control. This paper proposes a new and efficient algorithm for detecting and tracking based on video collected by a low-cost camera. The related automobile regulations are analyzed for classifying the application scenarios of the adaptive driving beam system and summarizing the performance requirements of the algorithm. A standard CMOS camera mounted behind windshield captures the test video from different scenarios. Some preprocessing approaches are designed to optimize the captured video so that the algorithm can work independently on specific camera. The color and morphological characteristics of the rear lights are utilized to extract the rear lamps of the vehicle. The symmetry of rear lights is checked by a correlation coefficient method to pair the rear lamps and determine the vehicle ahead preliminary. Then, the Hungarian algorithm and Kalman filter are performed to track the multiple occurrences in two consecutive frames and correct the detection results. Finally, an estimation method is given for calculating the vehicle position in real world. The experiments are designed according to referred regulations and the test video is obtained from a low-cost camera mounted on test vehicles driving in specific scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm can get high detection rates and adaptability to the working condition of adaptive driving beam system. Moreover, the proposed algorithm has low time cost and can be applied in embedded devices of the vehicle.


The purpose of administrative law in constructing a harmonious socialist society is to realize a rule-by-administrative-law society.The basic content of the representation of rule-by-administrative-law society,namely order of administrative law,is the balance between public and private interest;the legal and substantial content is the balance between administrative power and the right of the citizens;the legal value content refers to the balance between justice and efficiency.The realization of the rule-by-administrative society is a dynamic process,which is a combination of "balance" and "power-controlling",embodied in the operation of administrative law.


According to the data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), traffic accidents are the leading cause of death for children ages 1 to 13 years, more than 225,000 children are injured in traffic accidents each year, of which 25,500 are severely injured, and the head is the most vulnerable part [1]. In 2015, children under the age of 13 who died in car accidents accounted for 35% of all deaths, and most of them did not properly use child seats, boosters or seat belts, and 248 children less than 5 years old were rescued by using car safety seats. Since the 1950s and 1960s, developed countries such as Europe and the United States have begun to study the safety of children riding, and have established and implemented a complete legal system of child restraint system, such as ECE R44, CMVSS 208 and FMVSS 213. Compared with developed countries, the related laws and regulations for the protection of children occupants in China started relatively late. The first compulsory national standard on children's safety riding The Restraint System for Motor Vehicle Children's Occupants was established in 2003 and formally issued on July 1, 2012.


Three plasma burst events were observed with the Low Energy Particle (LEP) instrument onboard GEOTAIL at XGSM=−42 RE. Two of these events were detected when the spacecraft was in the plasma sheet. In these events, the first signature of the burst was the tailward flow of the accelerated electrons with energies of about 5 keV. This was followed by the appearance of the tailward streaming ions with energies > 20 keV. Importantly, these tailward streaming ions were observed together with the non-streaming ions of the plasma sheet which had not experienced acceleration or heating. Then the electron distribution function started to develop an elongated core component at 1keV. These two events lasted for about two minutes. The spacecraft was in the tail lobe before the third event took place. In this event the first signature was the bistreaming electrons with peak energy at 2 keV. After a short interval of the flux decrease, hot electrons with energy ∼3 keV appeared. The velocity distribution function of the ions had an incomplete shell structure with an average tailward velocity of ∼900 km/sec. The non-streaming component was absent in this case. It is suggested that in the first two events the spacecraft was in the plasma jet emanating from the near Earth neutral line, while it traversed the edge of the plasmoid in the third event. The associated substorm onset can be identified for the first event after which the disturbance continued.


Many Internet streaming applications, such as distributed surveillance, multimedia webcasting and video thumbnails for Internet TV channel browsing, require video mixers where streams are aggregated as a single stream before presenting to users. We consider in this paper a multi-source streaming network with distributed mixers, where streams originated from multiple sources are mixed before presented to distributed users. We are interested in minimizing the worst-case delay from the source to users via the mixers. We propose an adaptive and distributed protocol called MixNStream, which continuously reduces the network diameter in the presence of churns. Through simulations on Internet-like topologies, we show that MixNStream achieves substantially better performance as compared with the state-of-the-art in terms of network delay and network stress.


ABSTRACT Second language teaching approaches that were originally proposed for classroom context are used for blended learning context as well as distance learning contexts regardless of their fundamental differences in terms of applicability, accessibility, objectives, designs and theoretical bases. Such theoretical and practical incompatibilities served as the rationale to bridge the gap of a basically devised second language (L2) teaching approach for blended and distance learning contexts. The proposed computer-assisted nonlinear dynamic approach (CANDA) enables L2 learners and teachers to improve psychological factors and communicative skills by suggesting the use of a variety of technology-based apps for a multitude of learning styles. The CANDA, as an L2 teaching approach has significant theoretical and pedagogical implications for educational app designers, computer-assisted teaching programmers, blended and distance learning researchers and officials.


(1973). Aerothermochemistry of the terrestrial atmosphere. C R C Critical Reviews in Environmental Control: Vol. 3, No. 1-4, pp. 129-152.


The article highlights the question concerning the training process of the 100 m distance runners, the importance of the bioenergetics systems, which give the opportunity for planning of the training load effectively and for selecting of the special exercises.


line 17-20: Sesquiterpenes have been studied for a long time too, since 1990s. I would not characterize the field as focused on isoprene and monoterpenes only. The text was modified to: P1 L16. Atmospheric SOA particulate mass yields and chemical composition result from a complex mixture of oxidation products originating from a diversity of BVOCs. Many laboratory and field experiments have studied SOA particle formation and growth in the recent years. However, a large


In recent years, considerable worldwide development in organic agriculture has attracted widespread attention from scholars both within and outside China, driven by its effects on environmental protection, food safety and health, international green barriers, At present, most of the existing research focuses on the production technology, development mode and benefit evaluation of organic agriculture, with relatively less concern about the activities of organic agricultural enterprises. Based on the indicators of number of enterprises, number of certificates, and certificate types, this paper analyzes the features characterizing the spatial distribution of organic agricultural enterprises in China. The results show that there are significant spatial variations in degree of diversity, degree of concentration, and evolving trajectories. It suggests that provinces and autonomous regions should give full play to the regional comparative advantages in order to facilitate the development of different types of organic agriculture.


The review scrutinizes John Monfries's biography of the Javanese prince and politician Hamengku Buwono IX, who was a hero of the Indonesian Revolution and later served as vice president of Indonesi ...


Debates about the teaching of religion date back to the formation of the modern education system, when religion was first compartmentalized as a distinct subject within a broader curriculum. In many places, they continue to rage today. In Turkey, they are inextricably tied to the creation of the country's system of secular public instruction in the 1920s and the transition to multi-party government in the 1940s. On 30 March 2012, Turkey passed a new law that revamped the country's public educational system, mandating twelve years of instruction divided into three four-year periods (roughly corresponding to elementary, middle, and high school). This law led to the opening of many new religious schools—known as Imam-Hatip schools (i.e., schools for the training of imams and hatips, or preachers)—across the country, especially at the middle-school level. The number of students studying in these schools rose from 70,000 in 2002 to 1,300,000 after the new law. New elective courses on religion were also added to the curriculum, and curricular and extra-curricular religious-education activities offered by government-sponsored Islamic civil society organizations became more prevalent. All of this has reignited old debates about religious instruction in the country. This article begins with an overview of the history of secularism in Turkey. It then focuses on the history of religious education and the model of religious education in Turkey. It concludes with a discussion of how religious education centering on values education operates within the secular framework of public education in confessional and non-confessional formats.


This study aims to analyze the influence of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on the financial performance of selected automobile firms in India. The research objectives are to examine the financial performance of four selected automobile companies in India and to analyze the impact of GST on their financial performance. The selected companies are Eicher Motors Ltd, Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd, Maruti Suzuki India Ltd, and Tata Motors Ltd. The study uses financial statements from 2013-14 to 2016-17 for Pre-GST data and financial statements from 2017-18 to 2020-21 for Post-GST data. Ratio analysis and t-test techniques are used to analyze the financial performance of the selected companies. The study concludes that there is no significant difference in Return On Capital Employed, Net Profit Margin, and Asset Turnover Ratio during Pre and Post-GST periods for the selected automobile companies. This study provides important insights into the impact of GST on the financial performance of selected automobile firms in India and can help policymakers and industry experts in understanding the implications of GST on the automobile industry.


Can we talk of the relationships between men and women as gifts? Certainly not. Christine Delphy answers Sylvie Duverger, since women and men are the equivalent of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. Accordingly, patriarchy is an economic system of exploitation as is capitalism. Contrary to capitalism, patriarchy does not squeeze out "over-work" but simply work: the domestic production model is the economic basis of patriarchy. As capitalism creates classes, patriarchy divides between "men" and "women." In the name of natural differences, it explains, or worse still justifies their historical condition of inferiority on the basis of women's rapport to maternity. Yet, this article argues, biology has nothing to do with these segmentations while violent domination and the inferior classes' dispossession of the means of production of their own existence, on the contrary, do certainly have.


We present the effective range expansions for the 1S0 and 3S1 scattering phase shifts, and the relativistic deuteron wave functions that accompany our recent high precision fits (with \chi^2/N{data} \simeq 1) to the 2007 world np data below 350 MeV. The wave functions are expanded in a series of analytical functions (with the correct asymptotic behavior at both large and small arguments) that can be Fourier-transformed from momentum to coordinate space and are convenient to use in any application. A fortran subroutine to compute these wave functions can be obtained from the authors.


A viscous damping device positioned between a gimbal shaft and a bearing sleeve supporting the gimbal shaft is provided for damping a gyro apparatus in a rotational direction. The viscous damping device comprises first and second rings fixed to an outer periphery of the gimbal shaft. A circular groove provided in the first ring is complementary with a circular protrusion of the second ring, so that damping liquid initially poured into the circular groove is made to fill an air gap between the outer peripheries of the rings and an inner wall of the bearing sleeve by inserting the circular protrusion into the circular groove.


ABSTRACT We propose an adaptive distributed algorithm for distributed observers of linear time-invariant descriptor systems. In the proposed algorithm, the interconnection gains of the resulting distributed unknown input observers are adjusted adaptively and the adaptation law is obtained by a Lyapunov-redesign approach. The scheme uses adaptive gains for each pairwise difference in the coupling term, which are adjusted in proportion to the pairwise differences of the state estimates. A special case where a single adaptive gain is used in each node to uniformly penalise all pairwise differences of the state estimates in the coupling term is also presented. Stability of the proposed schemes is proved and it is shown to be independent of the graph topology of the network. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed adaptive distributed unknown input observers algorithm and to compare it with the non-interacting (local) unknown input observers.


The invention discloses a structure and method of a water stopping support of an underground space. An upper water stopping support body of the structure of the water stopping support of the underground space is an underground diaphragm wall structure, and the lower portion of the structure of the water stopping support of the underground space is a frost wall structure.


Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Minimal change disease (MCD) are two disease entities presented mainly by nephrotic syndrome. While 95% of MCD cases showed complete remission on steroid therapy, 50% of FSGS cases progress to end stage renal disease. Early sclerotic lesions in FSGS can be missed in routine H&E examination. Objective: To differentiate early FSGS from MCD by detection of activated parietal epithelial cells (PECs) in early glomerular sclerotic lesions using Claudin-1 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and by examining podocyte ultrastructural changes. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 28 cases diagnosed as MCD and 20 cases diagnosed as early FSGS. Clinicopathologic data collection, claudin-1 IHC staining and reviewing ultrastructural changes were performed and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: A statistically significant correlation was detected between claudin-1 expression and the initial diagnosis of the studied groups (P=0.005). Claudin-1 was expressed in a visceral location in (39.28%) of the biopsies initially diagnosed as MCD thus were reevaluated as early FSGS lesions. 63.64% of these positive cases were presented by steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome and 63.6% of which showed some ultrastructural changes of FSGS in podocytes including abnormalities in mitochondrial shapes, endoplasmic reticulum changes and a decreased number of autophagic vacuoles. Conclusion: Claudin-1 is a novel diagnostic marker that can differentiate between confusing cases of early FSGS versus MCD. Defective autophagy plays a role in the pathogenesis of FSGS.


The topography of present day Africa is influenced by two different wavelengths of dynamic support. The South African Superplume sits beneath Sub-equatorial Africa and is thought to be supported by a lower mantle thermo-chemical anomaly. On a smaller scale a series of domal swells, 1000km in diameter, occur across the continent. They are characterised by elevated dynamic topography, a positive long-wavelength gravity anomaly and a negative velocity perturbation in a higher mode surface wave tomography model. In addition, where the lithosphere is thinner than 100km, the swells are capped with volcanic products, erupted periodically since ~30 Ma. These include the Cameroon Volcanic line, Hoggar, Tibesti, Darfur, the Ethiopian Plateau and the Kenyan dome. The given relationships suggest the domal swells result from and are supported by upper mantle convection. The extent of the velocity perturbation is variable. The greatest velocity perturbation being associated with Afar/Ethiopia and smallest perturbations found at the North African swells of Hoggar, Tibesti and Darfur. A database of geochemical data has been assembled for Cenozoic African volcanism of over 3000 samples both by literature search and by new analyses of samples from UK collections. Incompatible trace element ratios from primitive basalts (>7wt% MgO) are used to compare mantle velocity structures with the geochemistry of the products of mantle melting beneath the domal swells. Preliminary work has found the low seismic velocity Afar/Ethiopia region to have shallow melting at high melt fractions (La/Yb ~9) whereas North African swells with higher seismic velocities at 100 km depth, show deeper melting with smaller melt fractions (La/Yb ~30). With further modelling of major, trace and REE data we hope to provide insights into the variation in mantle potential temperature causing the differences in velocity structure and melting processes beneath the topographic swells across the African continent. Chemistry and mineralogy of aeolian and fluvial supply in shallow-water sediments off Senegal (NW Africa)


Phytoplankton are an important primary producer, which populate all of the oceans on Earth. One of the key environmental variables that control population growth of phytoplankton is nutrient availability. With rising levels of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere and increasing density stratification due to warming oceans, the nutrients available to phytoplankton in the euphotic zone will change. To further understand the nutrient limitation of phytoplankton, I investigated how the growth rate and elemental quotas of the pico-phytoplankton Ostreococcus respond to the depletion of nitrogen and phosphorus. I addressed this question by monitoring the growth of Ostreococcus cultures in multiple nutrient conditions (nutrient replete and deplete) using flow cytometry. In addition to calculating growth rates, I collected samples for cellular elemental quotas from the different treatments and across different phases of growth. These results will provide insight into the physiological plasticity of phytoplankton, which is a poorly characterized parameter in current biogeochemical models. Ultimately, the results of this study will give us a deeper understanding of the role of phytoplankton in marine biogeochemical cycles and how their populations may be affected in the future.


This paper provides a view on Natural Sciences and Life Sciences teachers' affective development during and after an indigenous knowledge professional development intervention at the North-West University. Using Krathwohl's taxonomy for the affective domain, this paper sheds light on teachers' attitudes, values and beliefs on indigenous knowledge, and the role of the intervention in providing teachers with a more nuanced view of the nature and affordances of indigenous knowledge. Data was collected using the Views of the Nature of Indigenous Knowledge Questionnaire (VNOIK), one-on-one teacher interviews and observations during the intervention. This qualitative study used Engeström's third-generation cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) as a research lens, in order to identify factors that promote or inhibit affective development in the teaching of indigenous knowledge. The data collected showed an increased positive attitude on indigenous knowledge after the intervention. The results indicate primarily that teachers are more motivated and interested in teaching indigenous knowledge in the classroom after the intervention. However, data also indicate that continuous professional development (within communities of practice) is needed, for the continued scaffolding of teachers' PCK.


Objective: To investigate the changes of inositol triphosphate receptors in the inner nuclear membrane of rat liver during sepsis. Methods: Septic rat model was prepared by cecal ligation and puncture (LCP). The binding site density (B max ) and affinity (K d) of IP 3 to the inner nuclear membrane were measured by IP 3 binding assay. The function of IP 3 receptors to release Ca 2+ was assessed by 45 Ca 2+ movement to the inner nuclear membrane vesicle upon the action of IP 3. Results: B max was increased by 14% ( P 0.05) during early sepsis and by 91% ( P 0.01) during late sepsis while no alterations of the affinity of IP 3R to its ligand was shown during sepsis. 45 Ca 2+ movement to the inner nuclear membrane vesicle was also increased accordingly during sepsis. Conclusion: Binding site density and the function of IP 3R in the inner nuclear membrane were progressively increased during sepsis, while there might be no change in the structure.


see how Imani in Vignette 4, who has already halfway self-administered, has any other option but to beg for her mother to physically intervene. For the plaintiffs in Shavelson v. Bonta, however, this is less clear. They could receive a technological "reasonable accommodation" instead. All of this leads us to wonder whether Shavelson et al. are trying to subtly expand who is eligible for AID, as well as usher in a significant shift in what AID is, from self-administration to euthanasia. It may turn out that changing AID laws in this way is the best solution to the important problem of disability-based exclusion, and we strongly support Shavelson et al.'s stated aim of improving access for these patients. But if this does turn out to be the best solution, we should not legislate based on fringe, fictional cases like their Imani example.


This paper aims to explore how affect can be registered to the interests of sociological research. It investigates how affect can be operationalised in empirical studies through a review of existing sociological literature, and illustrates the arguments made with ongoing research on zhongxing (neutral sex and/ or gender) sensibility in urban China. I illustrate how social sciences literature attempts to operationalise affect and how sociological literature in the sociology of emotion and the sociology of the body has addressed the corporeal and the emerging. This paper concludes that affect may provide an additional lens to sociological research, but, when appreciating the insights of affect, we should not abandon the established concepts and paradigms of sociology as a discipline.


In this paper, a Trujillo algorithm method for the exact solution of nonlinear explicit dynamic problems is developed. This method associates numerical techniques and it is applied to determine the natural frequencies of structures. The numerical predictions of the natural frequency are compared to analytical and experimental results. There was no direct method available for solving such a problem efficiently in the case of explicit dynamic analysis. The Trujillo algorithm is an indirect method and the approach is based upon the principle of conservation of energy. It is believed that the proposed method provides a powerful engineering tool in the analyzing of structures.


In the new century, many tour guides of high quality are needed in our country's tourism devel-opment. But nowadays, there still exist some problems and shortcomings in the tourism higher education,es-pecially in the cultivating the excellent tour guides. In this article,the authors put forward some personal sug-gestions.


This paper describes the high-level design of an electric powertrain system for a Formula SAE electric race car. The objective of the project was to lay a basis which future teams can extend to complete the transition from internal combustion (IC) to electric propulsion. The authors employed lap time simulation and design theory concepts to compare and evaluate parts to be purchased, and completed detailed design of the cooling system and accumulator housing. The performance of the electric powertrain concept was evaluated against the 2019 IC vehicle, and exceeded the 145.5sec lap time target required for a top-5 competition finish. The objective of the project was met, with only the detailed electric circuit design remaining to complete the transition.


Nonlinear second order difference equations with deviating
argument is investigated. Necessary and sufficient conditions
for the existence of positive solutions approaching zero are
given. The role of the nonlinearity and the effect of the
deviating argument are illustrated by several examples.


In a recent work, Huang and Tikhomirov considered the shotgun assembly for Erd\H os-R\'enyi graphs $\mathcal G(n,p_n)$ with $p_n=n^{-\alpha}$, and showed that the graph is reconstructable if $0<\alpha<\frac{1}{2}$ and not reconstructable if $\frac{1}{2}<\alpha<1$ from its $1$-neighbourhoods. In this article, we consider random geometric graphs $G(n,r)$, where $r^2=n^{-\alpha}$ and $ 0<\alpha<1$, on flat torus. Interestingly, unlike the results for the Erd\H os-R\'enyi random graphs, we show that the random geometric graph is always reconstructable from its 1-neighbourhoods.


A SYMBIOTIC SYSTEM OF A LARGE FAST BREEDER REACTOR AND SMALL-SIZED, LONG LIFE, THORIUM SATELLITE REACTORS – PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION. Two types of small-sized, long life, thorium-fueled thermal reactors, i.e. high temperature gas cooled thorium reactors (HTGRs, 30 MWth) and water cooled thorium reactors (WTRs, 30 ~ 300 MWth), have been designed to be candidates for supplying small scales of the worldwide energy demand. To realize those small thorium reactors which are enriched by 233 U, sodium-cooled metallic-fueled large fast breeder reactors (FBRs, 3000 MWth) for producing 233 U fissile material has also been designed using natural uranium- and thorium-fuel with distinct fuel pin types. We proposed a symbiotic system consists of the large FBRs and the two types of small thorium satellite-reactors. There are different main targets of the study regarding to small satellite-reactors and large FBR. In the small satellite reactors side, we maximize discharge fuel burnup and core life time of the reactors; and in the FBR side, we maximize 233 U discharge rate to achieve the highest fissile support capability of the FBR to the small satellite reactors. Our study showed that a symbiotic system consists of a 3000 MWth FBR with discharge fuel burnup of 100 GWd/t can support 14 of 30 MWth HTGR and 16 of 30 MWth WTRs with power production ratio of HTGR to FBR and WTRs to FBR are 0.14 and 0.16, respectively.


This paper investigates the fundamental behavior of long water waves propagating through branching channels of uniform depth and width. Numerical simulations based on the Boussinesq long wave model were carried out to investigate the effects of channel width b , effective wavelength λe , wave amplitude α , and angle θ between channel branches on wave transmission and reflection. Our results showed that the transmission and reflection of long waves through branching channels are dominantly governed by a single dimensionless parameter b∕ λe , whereas other parameters such as the angle between channel branches are less important. Detailed quantitative results for predicting long wave transmission and reflection in different branching channels based on the similarity parameter b∕ λe were determined. From these results, we have discovered some very interesting and distinct long wave behaviors in narrow and wide branching channels. To verify the numerical results, experiments were conducted in a right-angled br...