Concern and pessimism fester as debate continues over whether quality and excellence is possible for U.S. schools under conventional public education philosophies and practices. Critics argue that goals of providing a nurturing learning environment and preparing young people for life's eventual responsibilities are largely ignored. Further along the age continuum, the median age of our nation's population continues to climb. Today, persons sixty years and older account for 13 percent of the total U.S. population, and that proportion is expected to double by the year 2025. Seniors now remain healthier longer, and productivity and community contributions continue well beyond traditional boundaries. During the 1988-89 school year, while finishing my dissertation at the state university, I came to see the important roles that older adults can play in rejuvenating public education. One of my responsibilities was to visit, observe, and evaluate the performances of student teachers in area schools. I had ample opportunity to listen to teachers and principals discuss feelings for students and the educational system. The problems most often mentioned were as follows:


The results of the calculations of the electronic structure of the F-centre and the impurity centre LiH(Mg) by means of the molecular orbital method in the framework of the so-called cluster model are reported. An attempt is made to estimate the positions of the local defect levels relative to the crystal bands. The results of the calculations are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.

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Abstract In the final stages of automated oligonucleotide synthesis the oligomer has to be cleaved from the solid support. This is usually carried out using ammonolysis since the 3′-end of the oligomer is most commonly attached to the support via a succinate ester linkage. The t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) group is currently the most widely used 2′-hydroxyl in RNA-synthesis and is used together with phosphoroamidites1 as well as with H-phosphonates2. The nucleoside directly attached to the support, often carries the same TBDMS-protection on the secondary hydroxyl next to the succinate linker. The use of more labile acyl groups for N-protection in RNA-synthesis was suggested in reports where partial loss of the TBDMS groups during ammonolysis was detected3,4. This has since been introduced5,6 and is now general practice. However, one can question if all oligomer will be released from the support under the milder ammonolytic conditions used to remove these more labile N-protecting groups.


Chan and Elman (1989) have recently shown that heuristic Fourier analysis can be used to determine approximate convergence rates of iterative methods. Here we present a simple procedure and useful relations that facilitate the practical application of this method. The procedure is based on the fact that the mesh spacing h is typically small, so that attention may be restricted to the asymptotic behaviour of the convergence rate R for small h. We accordingly derive simple expressions for the first few coefficients in a Taylor series expansion of R in powers of h. These coefficients are expressed in terms of derivatives with respect to h of the complex Fourier growth factor ξ rather than its modulus |ξ|. The required derivatives can then be obtained by implicit differentiation without explicitly solving for ξ, which further simplifies the analysis. The overall procedure is illustrated by applying it to the Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and successive overrelaxation methods, for which we obtain results asymptotically equivalent to those of Chan and Elman. We also analyse the effect of second-order Richardson acceleration on the Jacobi method, for which we obtain an asymptotic convergence rate in precise agreement with classical analysis.


This paper considers the compressible flow pressure losses in sharp-cornered wye-junctions with symmetric branches under dividing and combining flow conditions. Determination of the additional total pressure losses occurring in flow through several three-leg junctions, using dry air as the working fluid, has been made experimentally. Results covering a wide speed range up to choking are presented for 30, 60, and 90 deg wye-junctions. Separate flow visualization schlieren tests detected the presence of normal shock waves, located at up to one duct diameter downstream of the junction, and therefore confirmed the choking of the flow at the vena contracta. The highest attainable Mach number (M[sub 3]) of the averaged whole flow was 0.9 for one of the dividing flow geometries and 0.65 for several of the combining flow cases. These values of M[sub 3] were the maximum possible and hence represent a limiting condition dictated by choking. In general, the compressible flow loss coefficients, caused by the presence of the wye-junctions, can be expected to be higher for dividing flows and lower for combining flows than would be the case for incompressible flows because of the influence of Mach number, M[sub 3].


Contact reactions between a Si substrate and thin films of Ta‐V and Ti‐V bilayers and codeposited alloys have been studied. The interdiffusion and silicide formation have been analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction. For both alloys the as‐deposited films are in a single phase structure (solid solution), and metal rich compounds (M5Si3), which are not observed for M/Si, are found at the early stages of reaction prior to the appearance of the expected stable silicides. For the Ta‐V system the uniform in‐depth distribution of the alloy constituents is maintained even after their silicides formation and both compounds TaSi2 and VSi2 are mutually dissolved. The second system Ti‐V, however, reveals nonuniform redistribution following the interaction with Si; enrichment with titanium silicide at the substrate interface is observed. The great affinity of Ti to form a silicide on Si is manifested in the case of the bilayer structure of Ti/V/Si when Ti atoms from the outer region penetrate th...


In this paper, we study the potentialities of SiGe as a photonic crystal via 2D and 3D simulation of photonic band gap (PBG) at the optical communication wavelength (1.55 μm), according to its chemical composition and a variety of structures geometry. Particularly, we are interested in the hexagonal and Yablonovite structures simulations. Results show that for low germanium content in silicon both the existence and the PBG width are strongly related to the geometrical structure parameters in terms of holes radius and their periodicities.


Pancasila is the foundation or guideline for the Indonesian nation as a source of life for Indonesian people, so that in everyday life it is very necessary to apply Pancasila values, Pancasila itself can keep up with the times and can be applied in generations, including Generation Z. live in the era of globalization, which is advanced in technology and information. In this study the aim is to find out the implementation of Pancasila values for generation Z so that they can be applied in everyday life even though information technology is developing rapidly, because in the current era of globalization, generation Z is considered to have forgotten the values pancasila value. The method used is a quantitative method or a descriptive approach to literature study. As students we conducted this research as a form of concern and love for Pancasila as a guideline for Indonesian society.


Effective Strategies for Managing the Outsourcing of Information Technology by Marsha Hopwood MBA, University of Minnesota, 2004 BS, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1995 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration


A new species of the genus Utaxatax (s.s.), U. stolbovi n. sp., is described from theAksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is most similar to the Himalayan U. brahmeri Panesar, 2004. Similarities and morphological differences are discussed.


Nano-SiO2/silicone modified polyacrylate emulsifier-free emulsion was synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization and sol-gel technique.The effect of the content of nano-SiO2 on emulsion stability,solvent resistance and optical properties of film was investigated.The microstructure of the emulsion and film was studied by TEM and SEM.The results indicated that the emulsifier-free emulsion had better polymerization stability,and centrifugal stability of emulsion decreased with the increasing content of nano-SiO2.The water resistance of nano-SiO2/silicone modified polyacrylate hybrid film was better than that of silicone modified polyacrylate film,and increased with increasing content of nano-SiO2.The hybrid film had good light transmittance and ultraviolet light absorption property.In the hybrid film,silica domains smaller than 100nm were dispersed homogeneously in the polyacrylate component.


We report a new type of variations in Doppler velocity of HF ground scatter echoes from the polar cap at f∼10 mHz. Similar fluctuations from lower latitudes are usually associated with large‐scale dayside Pc3‐4 ULF waves. However, the polar cap oscillations exhibit a puzzling anisotropy in spatial coherence along and across the radar's line of sight. Furthermore, in contrast to Pc3‐4 waves, these fluctuations show no ground magnetic signatures and display a pronounced gap in power/occurrence around local noon. We hypothesize that localized, ≤100 km, auroral particle precipitations near the radar site can modulate Doppler shift of the radio waves entering the ionosphere. In the ground scatter returns, due to the geometrical spread of the rays propagating through the ionosphere to the ground, these variations would appear to have a much larger line‐of‐sight scale.


We show direct evidence for importance of the interface resistance to electrically create large spin accumulation in silicon (Si). With increasing the thickness of the tunnel barrier in CoFe/MgO/n+-Si devices, a marked enhancement of spin accumulation signals can be observed in the electrical Hanle-effect measurements. To demonstrate room-temperature detection of the spin signals in three-terminal methods, the influence of the spin absorption from Si into CoFe through a tunnel barrier should be taken into account.


PATIENT CARE / AUGUST 2004 1 The incidence of diabetes has increased to epidemic proportions. Over the next 2 decades the incidence of diabetes will go up by 60% in the United States. One fifth of patients with diabetes will develop foot ulcers at some point in their lifetime. Improper or incomplete care of the feet in people with diabetes can increase the prevalence of nonhealing lower-extremity ulcers that may, in turn, lead to serious sequelae. Diabetic foot ulcers are the most common cause of lowerextremity amputations. The majority of these ulcers are a cumulative result of reduced sensation in the feet from neuropathy, acute or repetitive trauma, and reduced blood flow to the feet from peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (see Figure 1, page 00). An American Diabetes Association consensus group found that among persons with diabetes, the risk of foot ulceration was increased among men, patients who had diabetes for more than 10 years, and those with poor glucose control or with cardiovascular, retinal, or renal complications.1 Because 30% of ulcers recur, patients must be educated regarding foot hygiene and reevaluated at regular intervals.


Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1997, Vol 42(8), 756. Reviews the book, Resolving Social Conflicts: Field Theory in Social Science by Kurt Lewin (1976). This valuable text combines Lewin's 1948 book Resolving Social Conflicts and his 1951 work, Field Theory in S


Purpose: The use of an α emitter for radioimmunotherapy has potential advantages compared with β emitters. When administered systemically optimal targeting of intact antibodies requires >24 h, therefore limiting the use of short-lived α emitters. This study investigated the biodistribution of bismuth-labeled biotin in A431 tumor-bearing mice pretargeted with antibody B3-streptavidin (B3-SA) and examined the therapeutic efficacy of the α emitter, 213Bi-labeled biotin. Experimental Design: Biotinidase-resistant 7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-biotin was radiolabeled with 205,206Bi or 213Bi. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice began by administration of B3-SA (400 μg) to target the tumor sites for 24 h. Then, an agent containing biotin and galactose groups was used to clear the conjugate from the circulation. Four h later, bismuth-radiolabeled DOTA-biotin was given, and biodistribution or therapy was evaluated. Dose escalation treatment from 3.7–74 MBq was performed, and the effects on tumors of different sizes were investigated. Tumor growth, complete blood cell counts, toxicity, and survival were monitored. Results: Radiolabeled biotin cleared rapidly. Rapid tumor uptake resulted in much higher tumor:nontumor targeting ratios than achieved with the directly labeled monoclonal antibody. Dose escalation revealed that 74 MBq caused acute death of mice, whereas 0.37–37 MBq doses inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival significantly. Evidence of mild hematological toxicity was noted. At therapeutically effective doses renal toxicity was observed. Conclusions:213Bi-DOTA-biotin, directed by the Pretarget method to tumor-targeted B3-SA, showed a therapeutic effect, although the therapeutic index was low. The source of the toxicity was most likely related to the renal toxicity.


Understanding rural resident support for various forms of natural resource related economic development has been a common research topic in rural sociology. However, the vast majority of research has only evaluated support for one form of natural resource use at a time. The little research that has explored support for a wide variety of uses has found that residents are likely to support many of the suggested forms of development. We assessed rural resident support for seven forms of natural resource development: commercial logging, natural gas, mining, real estate, wind energy, tourism, and outdoor recreation. Using social exchange theory, this study examines the influence of perceived impacts of development, industry trust, and perceived industry power on general support for the seven forms of natural resource-related economic development using a fixed effects generalized linear model among a sample of residents of rural Pennsylvania communities. Additionally, we use mixed logit discreet choice modeling to evaluate the drivers of relative support, meaning a stated preference for one form of development over other possible options. The drivers of general support and relative support were similar, with trust in industry and impacts to quality of life emerging as the primary drivers of both.


Although comorbid or co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, and oppositional defiant or conduct disorders have been well studied in children or adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), very little research is available on preschool samples. The current study involves 175 preschoolers with ASDs attending a day-treatment preschool for interdisciplinary services in a clinical psychiatric hospital. Two different diagnostic instruments were used not only to determine clinical cutoffs for the previously mentioned disorders but also to confirm ASDs diagnoses. Although most comorbid diagnoses were found at rates comparable to those found in previous studies, depression or dysthymia tended to be prevalent at much higher levels than expected. Practical implications of these findings are discussed.


This project investigated the viability of using the Microsoft Kinect in order to obtain reliable Red-Green-Blue-Depth (RGBD) information. This explored the usability of the Kinect in a variety of environments as well as its ability to detect different classes of materials and objects. This was facilitated through the implementation of Random Sample and Consensus (RANSAC) based algorithms and highly parallelized workflows in order to provide time sensitive results. We found that the Kinect provides detailed and reliable information in a time sensitive manner. Furthermore, the project results recommend usability and operational parameters for the use of the Kinect as a scientific research tool. Determining the Viability of the Kinect as a Research Tool 7


AIM To investigate effects of the bonder on the bond characteristic of porcelain and cast titanium. METHODS Three point bend specimens 28 mm×3 mm× 0.5 mm were cast of pure titanium. The surface of Ti cast specimens was ground off about 100~150 μm. After the surface of specimens was blasted with aluminium oxide power (110 μm) at a pressure of 2 bar, they were veneered with 8 mm×3 mm×1 mm of Vita Titankeramik and Noritake superporcelain Ti 22 with and without bonder. The bond strength of porcelain fused to cast surfaces was calculated from bond failure loads in three point bending test. The interface of titanium and porcelain was investigated by SEM. RESULTS The bonding strength (7.23±2.54) N of Ti/Vita specimens with bonder was higher than that (6.45±1.75) N of Ti/Vita specimens without bonder, but the difference was not significant ( P 0.05). The bonding strength (5.53±1.20) N of Ti/Noritake specimens with bonder was significantly higher than that (4.12±0.97) N of Ti/Noritake specimens without bonder ( P 0.05). CONCLUSION The bonder can enhance the bond character of porcelain and cast titanium.


The article presents an assessment of consumer quality parameters of the products of the current "Delamark" enterprise, in particular, developed by the authors of the original formulations of washing powders. The relevance of the work is due to the modern state of production of detergents controlled by the latest approaches to standardization and certification. This provides an enabling ground for both the improvement of the standards themselves and the development of new environmentally sound detergent formulations. The classification of detergents by composition and environmental characteristics provides for the assessment of their quality according to the corresponding consumer indicators, among which the most relevant ones are chosen. The subject of the study was qualitative indicators of organoleptic (smell, color, appearance), functional (detergency, foaming ability, reduced strength of cotton fabric, ash content of cotton fabric after 25 washing cycles) and environmental (biological folding) indicators. It has been proved that the original formulations developed as part of the experiment for the "Delamark" enterprise, as well as the technologies for their manufacture, fully comply with the requirements of the Standard for the Organization of Ukraine SOU OEM 08.002.12.065: 2016 "Detergents and cleaning products environmental criteria for the life cycle assessment" according to the certification scheme according to ISO 14024, and the functional characteristics of the developed samples.


The occurrence of infectious diseases may change tourists' perceptions of a destination's image and value. This article proposes and empirically tests a choice model to measure the effect of the risk of infectious disease outbreaks caused by climate change on tourists' willingness to pay for holidays to island destinations. With this aim, an online survey was administrated to 2538 European frequent travellers at their country of residence. Tourists were presented with a hypothetical situation whereby they had to choose among eleven well-known European island destinations for their next holiday. The choice cards included the probability of the occurrence of infectious disease events in the context of other potential risks caused by climate change (i.e., forest fires, floods, heat waves, etc.). The results show infectious disease is the risk that more negatively affects tourists' willingness to pay to visit islands, followed by forest fires. The results have implications for tourism policy, highlighting the importance of prevention and response strategies, and the design of climate-oriented services, which may raise opportunities to work towards the enhancement of those health and environmental conditions of tourist destinations that ensure their sustainability in the longer term.


With power efficiency and lifetime awareness becoming critical design concerns in wireless sensor networks (WSN), it has become essential to exploit the physical layer characteristics at the system deployment stage. This paper focuses on how certain physical layer attributes can affect both the lifetime and the end-to-end delay in a hierarchical WSN. We present a heterogeneous modulation scheme and report its impact on the spatial distribution of energy dissipation and the resulting network lifetime. Moreover, we study how this heterogeneous modulation scheme affects the end-to-end delay due to inherent trade-offs in power efficiency and bandwidth efficiency of the different modulation schemes.


Date Presented 04/02/2022
 Children with Down syndrome are at significant risk for obesity. Families with young children with Down syndrome face significant barriers to promoting healthy habits early in life. OTs are uniquely qualified to help families overcome barriers and build healthy routines. The presentation will describe the development of the Facilitators and Barriers to Health for Young Children with Down syndrome (FaB Health Ds) survey and preliminary data describing facilitators and barriers to health for young children with Down syndrome.
 Primary Author and Speaker: Angela Caldwell
 Contributing Authors: Roxanna Bendixen, Aviva Must, Kishore Vellody, Lauren Terhorst


Background—The incidence and predictors of long-term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for radiation-associated coronary artery disease are unknown. Methods and Results—In this observational study of 314 patients (age, 65.2±11.4 years; 233 [74%] women) treated with PCI, 157 patients with previous external beam radiation therapy (XRT) were matched 1:1 with 157 comparison patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease without previous XRT, based on age, sex, lesion artery, and PCI type. The primary end point was all-cause mortality, and the secondary end point was cardiovascular mortality. After follow-up of 6.6±5.5 years, there were 101 deaths; 59 in the XRT group and 42 in the comparison group (P=0.04). On Cox proportional hazards multivariable survival analysis, previous XRT remained an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–2.85; P=0.004) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.06–2.89; P=0.03). Additional independent predictors of increased all-cause mortality included balloon angioplasty or bare-metal stent placement compared with drug-eluting stent placement (HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.61–3.97; P<0.0001), SYNTAX (Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score of ≥11 (the sample median; HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.32–3.04; P<0.001), New York Heart Association functional class ≥3 (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.15–2.91; P=0.012), history of smoking (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.10–3.09; P=0.022), and age ≥65 years (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.07–2.07; P=0.024). Conclusions—Compared with patients with typical atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, patients with radiation-associated coronary artery disease are at higher risk for mortality after PCI. Previous XRT exposure is independently associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients treated with PCI.


Heat-activated persulfate preoxidation was recently proposed as a potential approach to mitigate membrane fouling in membrane distillation (MD) for treating actual water. However, the possible mitigation mechanism involved has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we explored the relationship between membrane fouling and the pretreatment of natural organic matter (NOM) solutions with peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Individual humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (SA) contaminants were chosen as model NOM samples. The degradation efficiency of heat-activated PMS preoxidation was investigated. The removal rates of organic contaminants improved as the PMS dose and activation temperature of the feed increased. Specific flux (J/J0) measurements coupled with multiple characterizations were performed to assess the fouling behavior. The fouling data showed that when pretreatment was conducted without PMS, pure HA caused the most severe fouling, followed by pure BSA, whereas pure SA caused almost no membrane fouling. After PMS preoxidation, the oxidation products of the NOM unexpectedly caused more fouling, despite the reduction in the amount of the NOM. Further work is needed to evaluate fouling mitigation when working with complex streams.


The Transient Reactor Analysis Code (TRAC) is being developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory to provide advanced best-estimate predictions of postulated accidents in light-water reactors. TRAC-PD2, the latest publicly released version of the code, is currently being tested against small-break and other transients in experimental facilities; it is also being used to analyze postulated accidents in commercial power reactors. Calculated results for LOFT small-break experiments are compared to data, and the results from two small-break calculations for two different reactor systems are presented. It is concluded that TRAC-PD2 is useful for the analysis of cold-leg small-break accidents.


Present study was carried out to examine the status and growth of Farmer Producer Organizations across the states in India based on the secondary data collected for the periods 2015–16 to 2020–21. It was found that SFAC and NABARD promoted 3044 FPOs registered in the country. NABARD supported 2168 FPOs (71.22%) and remaining 876 FPOs (28.78%) have been supported by SFAC. Madhya Pradesh has the largest number/share of FPOs accounting to 10.15% of the total FPOs registered throughout the country. The FPOs promoted by SFAC increased at the compound growth rate of 15.22% and those promoted by NABARD increased at the rate of 1.34% per annum. At the country level, the average number of farmers per FPO are found to be 582. In addition, about 50% of the total farmers who are members of FPOs belong to five states, namely Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The region-wise study revealed that central region has the highest average number of FPOs (194.67) promoted by SFAC and the average number of FPOs promoted by NABARD were found highest in southern region (634.5). The variability and CAGR was highest in north-eastern region (39.77% and 26.43%) and eastern region (9.58% and 6.17%) promoted by SFAC and NABARD, respectively. In line with the policy framework of the Govt. of India, the State Governments may introduce appropriate flexible policy to scale up FPO promotion so as to become a self-sustaining commercially viable business enterprise of the farmers' particularly of small producers.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides transfection of angiopioetin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) on the proliferation and invasion capacities of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro.

METHODOLOGY
ANGPTL3 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides was transfected into SMMC-7721 cells with Lipofectamine 2000. We used MTT assay to evaluate cell growth. ANGPTL3, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA expression levels were evaluated by RT-PCR. The invasive potency of SMMC-7721 cells was measured by the transwell cell invasion assay.

RESULTS
ANGPTL3 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were successfully transfected into SMMC-7721 cells, resulting in the significant inhibition of ANGPTL3, p38MAPK and MMP-9 mRNA expression. Downregulation of ANGPTL3 inhibited cell proliferation and decreased invasion of SMMC-7721 cells.

CONCLUSIONS
ANGPTL3 may be functionally involved in hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion and is a potential target for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.


Previous alignment optimization models have not adequately considered intersections and other structures such as bridges, tunnels, grade separations and interchanges which can very strongly affect alignment decisions. This paper develops comprehensive cost functions for intersections and other structures and incorporates them in recently developed highway alignment optimization models connected with genetic algorithms and geographical information systems. The result is a fast and computerized process for extracting, analyzing spatial data, evaluating candidate alignments and optimizing them. A method for locally optimizing intersections is also developed. It improves search flexibility by saving good alignments whose unacceptable crossing angles with existing roads can be fixed. Through case studies, the developed model is found to produce feasible and efficient solutions.


Many prominent open source software (OSS) development projects produce systems without overt requirements artifacts or processes, contrary to expectations resulting from classical software development experience and research, and a growing number of critical software systems are evolved and sustained in this way yet provide quality and rich functional capabilities to users and integrators that accept them without question. We examine data from several OSS projects to investigate this conundrum, and discuss the results of research into OSS outcomes that sheds light on the consequences of this approach to software requirements in terms of risk of development failure and quality of the resulting system.


Objective To explore the relationship among the local pressing time,the incidence and the size of subcutaneous hemorrhage,and find an optimum pressing time in order to reduce the incidence and the size of subcutaneous hemorrhage after the subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparin(LMWH).MethodsThe 38 patients who were assigned to receive LMWH were divided into five groups(1,2,3,4 or 5 minutes) by random,the incidence and the size of subcutaneous hemorrhage were measured.ResultsThe incidence of subcutaneous hemorrhage and the occurrence of large size were significantly different among the 1-minute group,2-minute group and 3-minute group(P0.05),while there were no difference among the 3-minute group,4-minute group and 5-minute group.Conclusion Pressing for five minutes can effectively reduce the incidence and the size of subcutaneous hemorrhage resulted from subcutaneous injection of LMWH.


Gesture is rudimentary movements of a human body part, which depicting the important movement of an individual. It is high significance for designing efficient human-computer interface. An proposed method for Recognition of character(English alphabets) from gesture i.e gesture is performed by the utilization of a pointer having color tip (is red, green, or blue). The color tip is segment from back ground by converting RGB to HSI color model. Motion of color tip is identified by optical flow method. During formation of multiple gesture the unwanted lines are removed by optical flow method. The movement of tip is recoded by Motion History Image(MHI) method. After getting the complete gesture, then each character is extracted from hand written image by using the connected component and the features are extracted of the correspond character. The recognition is performed by minimum distance classifier method (Modified Hausdorf Distance). An audio format of each character is store in data-set so that during the classification, the corresponding audio of character will play.


In recent years, the construction industry has experienced the introduction of emerging technologies developed to improve project outcomes and labor productivity, including BIM. Construction companies feel the pressure to adopt these technologies and the importance that all project stakeholders have an understanding of the technologies and their impact on industry change. In many ways, BIM is the connection between these technologies and provides a single source of information for sharing within the project team and across the facility life cycle. As the digital transformation proliferates all aspects of the BE, higher education is challenged to prepare design, engineering, and construction students who are ready to enter the workforce. The challenge is complex as educators strive to meet the criteria set forth by their institution, policy decisions/regulation, accreditation standards, and industry expectations. While workforce requirements typically respond to the national economy, digital transformation in the construction industry is global.


FSO is a symbolic regression method that allows for automatic estimation of the structure and parameterization of transfer functions from catchment data. The FSO method transforms the search for an...


The self-assembly of diblock copolymer mixtures (A-b-B/A-b-C or A-b-B/B-b-C mixtures) subjected to cylindrical confinement (two-dimensional confinement) was investigated using a Monte Carlo method. In this study, the boundary surfaces were configured to attract blocks A but repel blocks B and C. Relative to the structures of the individual components, the self-assembled structures of mixtures of the diblock copolymers were more complex and interesting. Under cylindrical confinement, with varying cylinder diameters and interaction energies between the boundary surfaces and the blocks, we observed a variety of interesting morphologies. Upon decreasing the cylinder's diameter, the self-assembled structures of the A(15)B(15)/A(15)C(15) mixtures changed from double-helix/cylinder structures (blocks B and C formed double helices, whereas blocks A formed the outer barrel and inner core) to stacked disk/cylinder structures (blocks B and C formed the stacked disk core, blocks A formed the outer cylindrical barrel), whereas the self-assembled structures of the A(15)B(7)/B7C15 mixtures changed from concentric cylindrical barrel structures to screw/cylinder structures (blocks C formed an inside core winding with helical stripes, whereas blocks A and B formed the outer cylindrical barrels) and then finally to the stacked disk/cylinder structures.


Challenged with market competition, firms can effectively connect innovative research and development, marketing activities, and design resources by using a value co-creation method. After a pilot case study was completed and preliminary models were established, this study proceeded with 2 questionnaire surveys. The first questionnaire survey investigated the co-creation strategies of firms in marketing, innovation, and design. A total of 278 valid questionnaires were recovered. A second survey was conducted 1.5 years after new product launch to identify the NPD performance of the 278 sample firms. Eventu-ally, a total of 242 valid questionnaires were recovered. The main findings in this study are presented as follows: a) A value co-creation strategy (VCS) conceptual model was proposed in response to innovation, marketing, and design co-creation strategies and NPD performance. b) A partial least squares method was used to examine the VCS model. The results show favorable fitness between the VCS model and questionnaire survey observation data, indicating that the VCS model has application value. c) The innovation, marketing, and design co-creation strategies of an enterprise affected NPD performance. In addition, through comprehensive co-creation strategies, these strategies and approaches affected NPD performance. The co-creation strategies in the VCS model were independent variables and mediating variables to NPD performance. Firms can reference the approaches proposed in this study to efficiently develop products and services on the basis of their organizational resources and market advantages and continually win market shares.


In recent years, many natural disasters have occurred because of abnormal climate. In a time like this, use of satellite data is advantageous to observation of the disaster region for a wide area. However, in order that photo sensor data may tend to be subject to the influence of atmospheric, synthetic opening data attracts attention. And, this research examined coherence data among the information generated from the Synthetic Aperture Radar data. The results of the research are as follows: 1)The coherence value of a vegetation region is low. This result is expressing that the growth environment of vegetation differs for every year. 2)The coherence value of a city area is high.


The International Maritime Organization (IMO) NOx Tier III standards are applied to all ships constructed after 1 January 2016 having marine diesel engine with an output power of 130 kW or more. These new standards require the emission of NOx from ships to be reduced by 80% compared to restriction from Tier I (2000). The need for systems able to reduce NOx emissions is therefore recently increasing.


This report is about waste management system through underground pipelines. basically, we are dealing with the very big issue called disposal of waste. Our surrounding environment is polluted in a such way that we can't even breath and it also destroying quality life.so this report gives a brief knowledge on how to manage a different waste in spite of messing it up leads to pollution. By using simple sensors and with the help of pneumatics. It is an intelligent device equipped with RFID, LCD, IR sensor, servo motor and microcontroller.


Mothers are most vulnerable to mental illness during the perinatal period. The aim of this metasynthesis was to understand mothers' experiences of recovery from postnatal mental illness. Four databases were systematically searched using key words and index terms to identify the qualitative literature exploring mothers' experiences of recovery from postnatal mental illness. Fourteenstudies met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised in accordance with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Criteria and guidelines developed by Walsh and Downe.The review used the metasynthesis approach informed by Noblit and Hare. Five core themes emerged from the synthesis to describe a four stage model of recovery: stage 1: recognising the problem involves crisis and relational distress; stage 2: seeking help consists of subthemes of accepting help and help to access help. Stage 3: achieving recovery includes subthemes of sharing with others like me, coping strategies and noticing recovery. Finally, Stage 4: Maintaining recovery includes; incorporating coping strategies into daily life; acquiring a different model of motherhood and processing the experience. The role of the family was interwoven through each stage of recovery. Mothers valued support from their family throughout recovery. Future research synthesising the support needs of families would inform systemic interventions to facilitate recovery. These findings have implications for services and professionals who are often the first point of contact with this group of mothers and their families. The findings and limitations are discussed in detail with reference to implications for research and professionals.


Under the law on higher education which has been in effect for some years, and still is at the date of this writing (November 1969) the participation of students in the administration of universities has been restricted to the membership of a limited number of students in governing bodies of these institutions, with no right to vote. Student representatives have been able to express their opinions on questions in which they are interested, and have taken part in discussions on these questions in the college assembly, the college council, and the university council. They have also participated in some of the committees of these councils and in the so-called "council for the year"-an assembly of teachers and student representatives for a certain academic year. However, decisions of these councils were made exclusively by votes of teachers and other staff members. The student riots in June 1968 at Belgrade University showed that the advisory character of the participation of students in the administration of universities is out of date, and that it satisfies neither the desires of students nor the requirements of the school. The question of the reform of the university, which had been raised previously by agencies of both school and state, obtained a fresh impulse and became urgent. It became apparent all of a sudden that everybody, teachers and students alike, are discontent with the situation at the university in relation to certain vital questions of which we shall mention only the most important ones: the methods of instruction, the state of science at the university, the methods by which society finances the university and, in general, the attitude of society towards the university, and the position of students in the educational process. The settlement of all these questions is an intricate process which, no matter how urgently demanded, will take some time. Numerous conditions, ranging from material questions up to the creation of an adequate atmosphere, must be fulfilled in advance. However, some of these questions have attracted such intense and widespread attention that people are insisting on their immediate solution. Time will tell to what degree it is possible to settle some of these problems without settling the entire set. The questions upon the solution of which people are most insistent involv-e the participation of students in the ad'ministration of universities. I will try to show in what direction


Determining the physiological mechanisms regulating fetal growth is critical for a better understanding of normal fetal development and the pathophysiology of abnormal fetal growth. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs when the fetus fails to reach its genetically determined growth potential. IUGR babies have a markedly increased perinatal morbidity, higher incidence of neuro-developmental impairment and increased risk of adult disease such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Hales et al. 1991; Barker et al. 1993). The primary determinant of fetal growth is the availability of nutrients, which is directly dependent on the transport functions of the placenta. The aetiology of human IUGR is complex, but a common theme in many cases of IUGR is an impaired placental nutrient transport. In a recent issue of The Journal of Physiology, Tsitsiou et al. (2009) reported experimental evidence for a novel mechanism by which placental amino acid transport may be reduced by elevated maternal homocysteine levels leading to IUGR.


As novel environmentally friendly solvents and catalysts,ionic liquids have been received increasing recognition and acceptance.They exhibited great potential advantages in the development of novel catalytic technologies of organic synthesis with better yield and selectivity.The applications of ionic liquids in the hydroformylation of higher olefins were summarized,which included ionic liquid-organic biphasic system,supported ionic liquid-phase catalytic system,ionic liquid-scCO2 biphasic system.In the hydroformylation of higher olefins,ionic liquid can not only exert the effects as the traditional reaction medium,but also can achieve the functions such as enhance reaction activity and selectivity,simplify separation of catalyst from product,support and activate catalyst.


The Granite Mountain project was initiated in 2013 to clarify the contact relationships, structural history, and terrane affi nity of the Granite Mountain batholith (Late Triassic), host to the Gibraltar porphyry Cu-Mo deposit. Rocks mapped along the northeast margin of the batholith include a succession of predominantly volcanogenic sandstone (locally gritty to pebbly), intercalated with conglomerate, mafi c and felsic volcanic breccia, siltstone, limestone, and basalt. This succession has yielded Middle or Late Triassic conodonts from one locality. On the basis of its strong lithologic similarity, this succession is likely part the Nicola Group of Quesnel terrane. Felsic volcanic breccias, which have no counterpart in nearby Nicola exposures, suggest possible affi nities with the western Nicola belt of the Merritt-Ashcroft area. In contrast to historical interpretations, the Granite Mountain batholith is inferred to be part of Quesnel terrane, on the basis of its spatial association with the Nicola Group, and a link provided by a common overlap assemblage, the Dragon Mountain succession, which is part of a Lower to Middle Jurassic intra-Quesnel clastic basin. The Granite Mountain batholith, together with adjacent Nicola Group and Dragon Mountain succession, form a panel of Quesnel rocks that is bounded to the east, south, and west by rocks of Cache Creek terrane. The eastern boundary is inferred to be a signifi cant north-northwest striking fault, previously unrecognized, that may record more than 20 km of sinistral strike slip.


Interference alignment (IA) is a linear precoding strategy that can achieve optimal capacity scaling at high SNR in interference networks. However, most existing IA designs require full channel state information (CSI) at the transmitters, which could lead to significant CSI signaling overhead. There are two techniques, namely CSI quantization and CSI feedback filtering, that reduce CSI feedback overhead. In this paper, we consider IA processing with CSI feedback filtering in MIMO cellular networks. We introduce a novel metric, namely the feedback dimension, to quantify the first order CSI feedback cost associated with the CSI feedback filtering. The CSI feedback filtering poses several important challenges in IA processing. First, there is a hidden partial CSI knowledge constraint in IA precoder design, which cannot be handled using conventional IA design methodology. Furthermore, existing results on the feasibility conditions of IA cannot be applied due to the partial CSI knowledge. Finally, it is very challenging to find out how much CSI feedback is actually needed to support IA processing. We shall address the above challenges and propose a new IA feasibility condition under partial CSIT knowledge in MIMO cellular networks. Based on this, we consider the CSI feedback dimension minimization subject to the degrees of freedom requirements, and further propose an asymptotically optimal solution and derive closed-form trade-off results between the CSI feedback cost and IA performance in MIMO cellular networks.


The aim in this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the influence of glass fiber posts of different lengths on the fracture resistance of roots submitted to different weakening protocols. Ninety bovine roots, of same dimensions, were endodontically treated and randomly distributed in 9 groups (n =10), according the weakening protocol (NW – non-weakened; MW mediumweakened; HW – hard-weakened) and the post length (7 mm; 9 mm e 12 mm). The canals were prepared for the posts and, on the weakened roots, they were individualized with composite resin A chemically activated resin cement was used in all posts. After luting, coronary reconstruction was conducted with composite resin, based on standardized silicon matrix. To reproduce physiological mobility, root portion was covered by polyether and embedded in polyurethane. The thermomechanical cycling was realized under a load of 88 N at 1.200.000 cycles, with a frequency of 3.8 Hz. For the resistance of fracture analysis, the specimens were placed at 45 ° in a universal testing machine, with a load-cell of 100 Kgf, with speed of 1mm/min. After mechanical essay, the specimens were analyzed by stereomicroscope to classify the failure mode (reparable/irreparable). Numerical values (n = 10) obtained for specimens' fracture were subjected to statistical analysis ANOVA two-way and Tukey test (5% of significance). The frequencies of failure mode were compared by chi-square test. ANOVA showed that the association between length and weakening was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The post-hoc Tukey's test revealed that this difference was between NW and HW roots for posts of 12-mm in length. Chi-square test indicated association between failure mode and the length and weakening factors. It was concluded that highly-weakened roots with longer posts had lower fracture resistance values, as catastrophic mode was more predominant.


A novel anodic fluoridization process for forming native fluoride films on Hg1−xCdxTe is described. As in the case of the anodic oxide, the anodic fluoride grows in two steps: a dissolution–precipitation step is followed by a bulk growth. Anodic fluorides free of oxygen are grown from nonaqueous solutions. The presence of water causes the growth of films containing both fluorine and oxygen, whereas a low hydroxyl ion concentration causes the growth of anodic oxide alone. However, its electrical behavior is different from that of anodic oxide grown from fluoride‐free baths. The results of Auger electron spectroscopy analysis indicate that the anodic fluoride is composed of cadmium fluoride in a matrix of tellurium, cadmium, and mercury. The fluoride is homogeneous and has a relatively abrupt dielectric–semiconductor interfacial transition, free of contaminants. Metal–insulator–semiconductor devices containing a fluoride film and evaporated ZnS have been fabricated and characterized. By choosing an appropri...


This study was intended to asses some of the factors that contribute to the adoption of agency banking in Kenya. Three independent variables were assessed namely Customer Service. Convenience and quality of agents. The dependent variable was the total commissions earned by agents from time to time at intervals of six months .The results indicate that System availability contributes to service reliability. High reliability increases the adoption of agency banking. Complaints resolution time does not affect the adoption of agency banking. Agency banking is delivering convenience in form of extended hours of banking and by bringing the banking service closer to the customers leading to increased adoption of agency banking. High quality of agents increases the adoption of agency banking while poor quality agents inhibit the adoption of agency banking. Commissions earned by agents grew from one period to the other signifying adoption and growth of agency banking.


*email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. Based on the analysis of influence factors of distribution of benefits in the collaborative innovation of enterprises, colleges and institutes, improved Shapley value is proposed based on the revised intervals, the research collaborative innovation research interests allocation problem ,and the distribution of benefits were studied by using Shapley value model. Firstly, Shapley value model was described and analyzed in this paper. Then according to the characteristics of collaborative innovation of enterprises, colleges and institutes, and union bargaining power,project risk factors, project completion, etc. were evaluated by introducing intervals, and penalty function and excitation function were established to correct the Shapley value model .Ultimately through a case study, it can confirm that the Shapley value model based on the revised intervals established in this paper is effective and fair.


Electronic business networks are formed by business application services provided by autonomous enterprises. For controlling the business network behaviour and partnerships, electronics contracts are commonly used. This paper focuses on dynamic virtual organizations where participants can join and leave, or be removed, for various reasons, and the organization structure can change for various reasons. A prototype B2B middleware solution is introduced for managing virtual organization contracts that govern aspects ranging from business aspects to technology issues; local middleware services at the enterprise ICT systems are expected to reflect between the contract and the actual runtime system. The contract carries information about the expected participant roles, services, and properties, as well as the expected collaborative business process between participants for monitoring the conformant behaviour at each phase. In addition, the contract covers commitments for recovery from unacceptable situations and access to methods for introducing changes to the organization structure.


This study has focused on determining the factors that affect individual customers' loan decisions at SCB BinhThanh Branch. Research data is collected from a survey of 285 individual customers who have borrowed money at SCB BinhThanh Branch. Through Cronbach Alpha testing methods, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), multivariate linear regression analysis, hypothesis and research model testing. The research results have shown that there are 06 important factors that positively affect the loan decision of individual customers at SCB BinhThanh branch arranged in descending order, including: (1) Interest rate, feesof loans(β = 0.573); Bank brand (β = 0.332); Loan procedure (β = 0.264); Service quality (β = 0.257); 5) The form of promotion (β = 0.252); The influence of relatives (β = 0.161). On the basis of the research results achieved, a number of suitable managerial implications for the characteristics of SCB BinhThanh branch have been proposed to contribute to continuously improving service quality to maintain existing customers and to earn revenue, attract new individual customers to loan at SCB BinhThanh branch in the next time. Keyword: SCB BinhThanh, loan service, factor analysis.


BACKGROUND:Patients requiring an ileostomy following colorectal surgery are at risk for increased health-care utilization after discharge. Prior studies evaluating postoperative ileostomy care may underestimate health-care utilization by reporting only "same-institution" readmission rates. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to determine the rates of health-care utilization of new ostomates within 30 days of discharge in a multicenter environment. DESIGN:This is a retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS:This study was conducted at acute-care, community hospitals in California, Florida, Nebraska, and New York. PATIENTS:Adult patients who underwent colorectal surgery with primary anastomosis, colostomy, or ileostomy between July 2009 and September 2010 were identified. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The primary outcome measured was hospital-based acute care, defined as hospital readmission or emergency department visit, at any hospital within 30 days of surgery. Multivariate regression models were used to compare the outcomes across groups. RESULTS:Overall, 75,136 patients underwent colectomy with most receiving a primary anastomosis (79.3%), whereas colostomies were created in 12.8% and ileostomies were created in 8.0%. Diagnoses of colorectal cancer (36.1%) or diverticular disease (22.0%) were most common. Patients with a colostomy (18.8%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.23 [95% CI, 1.17–1.30]) or ileostomy (36.1%; AOR, 2.28 [95% CI 2.15–2.42]) were significantly more likely than patients with a primary anastomosis (16.2%) to have a hospital-based acute-care encounter within 30 days of discharge. Among patients undergoing ileostomy, postoperative infection, renal failure, and dehydration were the most common diagnoses for hospital-based acute-care events. Overall, 20% of these encounters occurred at hospitals other than where the index surgery occurred. LIMITATIONS:Coding accuracy, the inability to capture events occurring in physician offices, and the retrospective study design were limitations of the study. CONCLUSIONS:Patients undergoing colorectal surgery with an ileostomy return to the hospital after discharge twice as frequently as those with a primary anastomosis or colostomy, often to hospitals other than the primary institution. As postdischarge health-care utilization becomes a measured quality metric, it is increasingly important to help these patients to safely transition to home.


Introduced the development of expert system and its application in the process of distillation.Summarized the energy-saving distillation.The energy-saving distillation expert system was founded by applying the artificial intelligence theory to the energy-saving distillation.Prospected the potential application of the energy-saving distillation expert system.


The approval of the newest botulinum toxin product available in the United States underscores the value of the Food and Drug Administration drug approval process and the importance of using branded products, says Mich?l H. Gold, M.D.


After the end of the First World War, in the years 1919-20, the victorious Allied Powers instituted a total of thirteen plebiscites in order for the local inhabitants to clarify the allegiance of areas between states. Special notice should be taken of the external bor-ders of the new Poland. After the Allies (already at the end of 1919) had renounced the plebiscite in East Galicia on the basis of the impending victory of the Red Army in the Russian Civil War, and had awarded East Galicia without the referendum to Poland, Polish foreign policy from the end of April 1920 aimed at the prevention of referendums in favor of negotiated settlements. The basis for this was the rather poor prospects for Poland to de-cide the matter in its favor through referendums, prospects which were further diminished through the Polish Soviet War that had begun at 25 April 1920. The policy of sabotage achieved partial successes: four of seven planned referendums were cancelled by the Allies, including when successive Polish diplomatic maneuvers against Czechoslovakia did not manage to secure better results through negotiations. Only with respect to the voting area of Vilna could a complete incorporation in 1922-23 be enforced. The three refer-endums on the German-Polish border which took place in 1920-21 were the only authentic ones, and ended as expected without a single victory for Poland. In Upper Silesia, the League of Nations decided after all it was for the good of Poland to divide the territory. That the National Democrat dominated Polish National Committee under the leadership of Roman Dmowski, which represented in Paris the Polish interests against those of the Allies, opposed the Plebiscite in a closed minded fashion, is already well researched. In contrast the attempts of the Polish side to bar the use of the Plebiscite already in 1920 has found scarcely any attention, and it once more shows the rejection of this political process. In these acts of rejection and sabotage, it was in no way merely about the basic question of the value of elections by referendum, but also about the enforcement of Polish claims that often did not coincide with the majority opinion of the affected population. That full hearings for the affected parties where they actually took place, turned out negative for Poland, can produce only little surprise. Because the National Democrats and Conservatives were in the majority in the Constitutional Sejm in Warsaw, the 1921 March Constitution of Poland did not contain any elements of direct democracy.


For studying the nutriment circular regulation of agro-ecosystem,investigation was made on the changes of soil nutrient and crop yield in oasis farmland under different fertilization treatments by the long-term experiment.The results showed that the contents of soil nutrient were affected significantly by different fertilization treatments.The content of soil nutrient in treatment of inorganic-organic compound was higher than that of other treatments,especially the average of soil total organic matter,total nitrogen and available nitrogen,are 1.5 g/kg,0.19 g/kg and 10.5 mg/kg higher than that of CK treatment.The results also showed that the crop yields were related with the contents of soil nutrient,especially the soil total organic matter,total nitrogen and available nitrogen.N is the most important nutrient factor to restrict crop yield and the second is P.The change of soil nutrient and crop yields showed that the inorganic-organic compound fertilizer has the hightest yield,and it is 4010.8 kg/hm2.The inorganic-organic compound fertilizer may be the best fertilization way to improve the soil productivity and crop yield.


This paper focused on the coaxial error measurement,presented a measurement method based on image processing.Gray-scale image of the workpiece through the equalization processing,binarization,sobel edge detection operator to obtain images of the contour points of the pixel value,obtained by linear fitting of the axis of the workpiece image contour equation,with the benchmark comparison of linear equations obtained workpiece concentricity error.Experiment through the use of standard parts was to verify the accuracy of detection,confirming its feasibility.


503 ing remarks on those important minor cultural facts such as greetings and etiquette, and, last but not least, several most interesting reproductions of native drawings as well as a collection of about 1,000 phrases and words of the different Jukun dialects, we have roughly enumerated the main important subjects dealt with in this valuable contribution to the ethnography of West Africa. S. F. NADEL.


Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women in Sweden. Mastectomy is a common treatment for breast cancer. It is a surgical procedure where the whole breast is removed. Losing a breast can affect a woman's body image and identity. The aim of this literature-based study was to describe how women treated with mastectomy experience themselves after the surgery, regarding body image and identity. The method used is a qualitative literature-based study based on eleven articles with qualitative approach. The results show that women undergoing mastectomy feel a loss of more than a physical body part. The women misses a significant marker for femininity and experienced that their altered bodies becomes deformed. Their body becomes estranged and their sexuality will be affected, the women may also experience a social deviation due to their changing body. The study shows that when the woman's identity and body image is affected, she experiences severe suffering. It is important that the nurse has knowledge of the experiences that can occur after a mastectomy. The nurse has a key responsibility when meeting women, to guide her through the treatment process so that the woman can find an understanding and acceptance about the changing body.


Obtaining the core technologies and culturing the core competitiveness by speeding up the construction of the patent system and patent capacity-building in our country has become an important strategic initiatives during China's new industrialization. Now the patent application's analysis has become more and more important in domestic enterprise, and a lot of research literatures about that have been proposed. Most of the literatures remain in the study of the patents status quo, such as qualitative analysis, lacking of quantitative analysis and comparison, lacking of convincing arguments. In this paper, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis methods combined with the actual cases were adopted to explain the current status of the new energy auto industry and to analysis on Chinese new energy auto enterprise development strategies compared with foreign countries.


1. Introduction and Overview 2. The Washington Consensus Meets the Political Economy of Conflict Chapter 3. State-Making the Dayton Way 4. Resistance and Entrenchment - Ethnic Division, Domestic Power Structures, and Economic Reform 5. Business as Usual - International Prescriptions for Bosnia's Economic Transition 6. The Politics of Privatization 7. The Political Economy of Return 8. The Social Dimensions of Peacebuilding and Transition 9. Conclusion


With the increasing of wind power installed capacity,peak load regulation and transmission capacity have become main restrictions for accommodation of wind power.In order to provide an intuitive demonstration on the accommodation of wind power and guidance for the planning and dispatching of wind power,this paper presents a method for predicting the accommodation of wind energy considering peak load and transmission regulation.Based on the present condition of the gird,construction of power source and the actual operational data of the northern provinces of China with rich wind power resource,this paper analyzes and predicts two provinces' available capability of wind energy in the target year under different scenarios.At last,this paper gives advices to improve the capability to connect wind power.


We all are creatures of habit. This means that we have ways of going about our lives that are so simple and familiar that we do them automatically, that is, without thinking about them. Exercising habits comes as a second nature to us. They are involved in just about every human activity. Our daily routine of getting up in the morning, our walk to the workplace, our social interactions, our use of language, and even our patterns of thought and perception, all depend upon habits.


We present high spatial and frequency resolution images of the SiO masers in Stokes I, Q, U, and V around the asymptotic giant branch star IK Tau and describe and exploit a new technique for making accurate calibration of Stokes V. This technique also resulted in improved images of Stokes I. An evaluation of the results suggests that the circular polarization is neither the result of Zeeman splitting nor an alternate propagation effect. The pattern of circular and linear polarization across the maser lines shows no tendency toward that expected for simple Zeeman splitting. The fractional circular polarization greatly exceeds that expected from the alternate mechanism. The overall shape of the masing ring has changed from the elliptical form repeatedly observed over the last decade and a half.


Abstract S-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfothioate, a new imidazoline-containing Bunte salt 4 was prepared by reacting 2-chloromethylimidazoline 3 with sodium thiosulfate in aqueous solution at room temperature. The mechanism of the concerted SN2 reaction pathway was studied by means of quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory. The molecular structure of compound 4 incorporating a formal amidine moiety was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, while its electronic structure was studied using quantum chemical calculations at the MP2/6-311++G** level of theory.


One of the aims of Indonesian education is to develop the potential of learners to become creative human beings. It takes a creative teacher to meet this need. Not just teaching, but teachers who are able to teach with innovative models, strategies and methods provide an opportunity for students to be skilled from creative products including in the field of mathematics in elementary school (SD). The aim of this research is to develop model to grow pre-service primary teacher students' creativity in designing the lesson plan. The method used in this research was R&D with ASSURE development model. Product validation was done through an expert's assessment by using the expert's validation sheet. Product effectiveness was seen by implementing limited development testing to a particular class with a one group pretest-posttest design and the result was analyzed by using a Paired-Samples T-Test. The result of this research was a project-based e learning model to increase the creativity of pre-service primary teacher college students in designing a lesson plan. The validity of the learning model was proven by the result of the expert assessment in learning (face-to-face and online), material and instructional media. This model is also effectively usable in instructions to produce creative lesson plans for teaching Elementar School Mathematics as it is shown by the difference in the average pretest and posttest scores with sig. (2-tailed) 0,000.


Developments in sample preparation for capillary GC analysis Sample injection systems Advances in column technology Detectors for quantitative gas chromatography Detectors for compound identification Method validation in gas chromatography Faster gas chromatography Multidimensional and comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography On-line and at-line gas chromatography References Index.


The instantaneous normal mode (INM) method is implemented in the context of mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and applied to the analysis of the short-time solvation dynamics of the hydrated electron. Numerically suitable equations for computing the solvent dynamical matrix (Hessian) for both ground and excited adiabatic electronic states are derived using analytical derivative methods of quantum chemistry. Standard diagonalization of the Hessian leads to the sets of eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors that underlie the INM theory. Comparison of the hydrated electron and pure water INM spectra and the corresponding mode participation ratios shows that the quantum solute enhances the participation of collective low-frequency unstable modes (imaginary frequencies) at the expenses of stable ones. Distinct differential INM spectra, involving distinct solvent configurational averages, are introduced to describe the changes experienced by the solvent INMs upon the vertical excitation of ...


In our continuing search for bioactive molecules, we collected a Streptomyces fradiae strain cultured from a prickly pen shell sample obtained at Van Phong, Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam. The ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces fradiae G650 exhibited the strong inhibition against a panel of gram-positive bacteria including Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aurerus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, and the yeast Candida albicans with the MIC values of 8, 32, 32, 8 µg/mL, respectively. As a result, from the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces fradiae G650, six compounds were isolated, including15α-hydroxyneoline (1), cyclo-(Leu-Tyr) (2), cyclo-(Pro-Gly) (3), 2'-deoxyuridine (4), uridine (5), and adenine (6). These compounds were structurally characterized via 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric analyses and by comparison of the spectral data with those of previously reported data. To the best of our knowledge, 15α-hydroxyneoline (1) was reported to be isolated from microorganism for the first time.


Social housing in England is at a critical juncture. The Grenfell Tower tragedy exposed some real problems and led many commentators to conclude that the sector as a whole is incompetently managed. Councils and housing associations had already been grappling with austerity and welfare cutbacks, with economic uncertainty (notably but not exclusively around Brexit) and with the possibility of recession and rising costs. They must now think ahead about how best to position their businesses to deal with the changing nature of affordable housing and demographic change, and what kind of risk management and governance can best ensure resilience. With this report we hope to contribute to these debates. Our purpose is to explore the likely future trends in the operation, structure and customer demographic of a social housing provider in England. The goal is twofold: first, to stimulate discussion and thought within the sector about how housing associations might best move forward in this extremely challenging environment and second, to bring out the implications for Flagship Group (who funded the research) and its management plan.


The biphasic waveform has greater defibrillation efficacy than the monophasic waveform. Yet, the optimal type of biphasic defibrillation waveform is still unknown. Our objective was to compare the defibrillation efficacy of three morphologically different biphasic waveforms (named as truncated exponential waveform, modified Zoll waveform, and Gurvich waveform) in an isolated Langendorff perfused rabbit heart. Optical potential mapping techniques were used. The result showed that the Gurvich waveform has the lowest defibrillation threshold (DFT). A multiple comparison test showed that there is a significant difference of DFTs between the modified Zoll waveform and Gurvich waveform (mean/spl plusmn/SE: 0.31/spl plusmn/0.03 J and 0.25/spl plusmn/0.02 J, p<0.02). We also examined the change of membrane potential caused by shocks. The result showed an homogeneous response for different waveforms.


supporting workplace learning for high performance working is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the supporting workplace learning for high performance working is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The disturbances on the solar surface lead to the enhanced injec- tion of energetic charged particles into the inner magnetosphere, which modifles the electrodynamic features of ionosphere and magnetosphere. The electrody- namic properties control the generation and propagation characteristics of VLF waves. At Varanasi station, which is one of the low latitude stations in India, we have recorded VLF waves from 1990 onwards. The source of VLF wave is natural lightning discharges. Whistler activity varies with latitude having maximum around 50 - geomagnetic latitude. The occurrence rate is low at low latitudes and also depends on the solar and geomagnetic conditions. In this pa- per, we report the results derived from the statistical analysis of whistler waves recorded at Varanasi during the period January 1990 { December 1999. The monthly occurrence rate shows maximum during January to March. Seasonal variations of the occurrence rate are also studied. In order to study the role of geomagnetic disturbances on the occurrence rate, we have used Kp index and its variation. It is observed that the occurrence probability monotonically in- creases with §Kp values. Detailed result of occurrence of whistler waves during the main phase and recovery phase of geomagnetic storms is also presented.


Abstract The effects of acute and chronic starvation on insulin binding to isolated human adipocytes from obese subjects was studied. Three days of fasting led to a 38% increase in the ability of adipocytes to bind a tracer concentration of [125I]- insulin; this was due to enhanced receptor affinity with no change in receptor number. Fourteen days of fasting led to a greater increase (150%) in insulin binding due to a further rise in receptor affinity as well as an increase in receptor number to near normal levels. An increase in receptor affinity can be due to an increase in ka or a decrease in kd. In both acute and chronic starvation, the rates at which insulin dissociates from its receptors decreased (t½ = 32 ± 4, 46 ± 6, and 62 ± 5 min for the baseline period, 3-day fast, and 14-day fast, respectively), and the magnitude of these changes correlated quite well with the magnitude of the increase in receptor affinity. The dissociation of [125I]insulin was accelerated in the presence of a high concentrati...


This paper argues that research into new forms of governance in the context of the European Union has been more successful in finding new vocabularies to replace the "order" role of the state than the "justice" role. In relation to the latter, this kind of research still remains within the traps of the modern territorial state. It is argued that a reconceptualization of European governance using some central tenets of modern systems theory can show some openings as to the possibility of addressing the problem of democratic legitimacy in elusive processes of governance.


The distribution of temperature of flip chipped device with peripheral solder bump array was measured with variables, such as the locations and geometries of heater, the size of device, the size of passivation opening. The highest temperature was measured with the larger device, , which has the smallest heater at the center of device and the circular passivation opening. For 2 (watts) power input, the device shows the highest temperature of about . In contrast, the smaller device, , shows that of . In addition to the size effect, the increase of passivation opening size decreased the maximum temperature by about . From the measurement, the temperature of device could be controlled with the size and geometry of heater, the size of device and the size and geometry of passivation opening.


This study is for design of the detention system distributed in a watershed by the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms(MOGAs). A new model is developed to determine optimal size and location of detention. The developed model has two primary interfaced components such as a rainfall runoff model to simulate water surface elevation(or flowrate) and MOGAs to get the optimal solution. The objective functions used in this model depend on the peak flow and storage of detention. With various constraints such as structural limitations, capacities of storage and operational targets. The developed model is applied at Gwanyang basin within Anyang watershed. The simulation results show the maximum outlet reduction is occurred at detention facilities located in upper reach of watershed in the peak discharge rates. It is also reviewed the simultaneous construction of an off-line detention and an on-line detention. The methodologies obtained from this study will be used to control the flood discharges and to reduce flood damage in urbanized watershed. keywords : Detention, Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms(MOGAs), Pareto optimal solution ..............................................................................................................................................................................................


A simple and efficient three-component reaction is reported between 2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxythiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one, dimedone and aromatic aldehydes for synthesis of biologically important novel heterocycles containing thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine and chromene as biologically active moieties. The SO3H-functionalised halogen-free ionic liquid [MIM(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4-] is found to be an environmentally benign catalyst for this reaction without using any solvent. This SO3H-functionalised ionic liquid could be recovered and used at least four times without considerable reduction in activity. Good functional group tolerance, broad scope of usable substrates and good to excellent yields of products are the other prominent features of the present synthetic protocol.


Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent mental disorder among adolescents, often causing significant impairments in social and academic functioning with a broad pattern of fear and avoidance. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for SAD with more than 20 randomized controlled trials. Specifically, the present case study utilized the C.A.T. Project (adolescent version of Coping Cat), which is a widely studied and commonly used treatment for youth anxiety disorders. Treatment consisted of 22 sessions over 11 months with a 14-year-old Caucasian female with outcome data demonstrating some significant reductions in anxiety. However, the client terminated prior to finishing the C.A.T. Project manual. As such, this case study emphasizes complicating factors, potential benefits and drawbacks of manual modifications, and resulting treatment implications for clinician consideration.


The triaxial apparatus includes three portions: host; hydraulic power source connected to servo valve for loading electrohydraulic in three directions in host through pipe; automatic control system connected to the input signal measured by sensor as well as connected to electrical signal output from servo valve. The host includes pressure chamber, axle load mechanism, twist mechanism connected to the axle load mechanism in coaxial coupling, pressing-twisting mechanism between the pressure chamber and twist mechanism, balance-cylinder and side pressure mechanism. The balance-cylinder, side pressure mechanism and pressure chamber are connected through pipe so as to constitute self-balanced mechanism of hydraulic pressure. The invention overcomes interactional movement between axle load mechanism and twist mechanism of current triaxial apparatus of vibration and torison shear as well as overcomes disadvantages of side pressure mechanism. Features are: smooth waveform of load, and low cost.


This paper presents the positions of different currents of thought regarding taxation. Initiating the confrontation between the currents throughout history, by presenting the current of Catholic theology; followed by how natural law answers the question of tax morality, as well as the scholastic view on the problem, the thinking of the classical liberals and the Austrian school, and finally, in order to put the question in contemporary, seeking to answer whether Tax collection is just or not.


The action of a Backlund-Darboux transformation on a spectral problem associated with a known integrable system can define a new discrete spectral problem. In this paper, we interpret a slightly gener- alized version of the binary Backlund-Darboux (or Zakharov-Shabat dressing) transformation for the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) hier- archy as a discrete spectral problem, wherein the two intermediate potentials appearing in the Darboux matrix are considered as a pair of new dependent variables. Then, we associate the discrete spectral problem with a suitable isospectral time-evolution equation, which forms the Lax-pair representation for a space-discrete NLS system. This formulation is valid for the most general case where the two de- pendent variables take values in (rectangular) matrices. In contrast to the matrix generalization of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice, our discretiza- tion has a rational nonlinearity and admits a Hermitian conjugation reduction between the two dependent variables. Thus, a new proper space-discretization of the vector/matrix NLS equation is obtained; by changing the time part of the Lax pair, we also obtain an integrable space-discretization of the vector/matrix modified KdV (mKdV) equa- tion. Because Backlund-Darboux transformations are permutable, we can increase the number of discrete independent variables in a multi- dimensionally consistent way. By solving the consistency condition on the two-dimensional lattice, we obtain a new Yang-Baxter map of the NLS type, which can be considered as a fully discrete analog of the principal chiral model for projection matrices.


There is still lack of clarity regarding the effectiveness of various control measures in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. The experiences from different countries or contexts are diverse. For instance in Kerala state of India, the dispersed settlement patterns could have played an important role as against the nucleated, semi-compact or compact patterns elsewhere in the country including the West. The importance of surveillance, good quality quarantine, testing strategies, uninterrupted treatment services, community participation, proactive care of elderly and people with comorbidity and educational and social mobilisation of behavioural change etc. have also been pointed out as factors which contributed to effective management and control of COVID-19 in Kerala. But such optimism did not last long and the virus had an upper hand despite all these claims. After the one single case on 30 January, it soon hit the peak with super spread and community spread reported in some areas. Turkey is one of the few countries in the world which effectively handled the COVID-19 virus largely due to a scientific approach with rigorous testing. What is observed regarding the number of active cases in Turkey is a peak sometime around the middle of April and then a gradual flattening. The success in Turkey could also be attributed to strict enforcement of Standard protocols. Like many other countries, strict quarantine was also enforced. Turks coming from abroad were quarantined at guest houses for 14 days (for those with no clinical signs), and at designated hospitals in each province (for those with clinical symptoms) till June. Standard protocols such as restrictions on meetings, gatherings and travel were followed. The Country also adopted a fast track mechanism to procure medical supplies, test kits, PPEs, thermal scanners, and other needed diagnostic and curative commodities and distribute it to all possible sites. There is no doubt that the pandemic has already led to devastating social, economic and political effects that will leave deep and longstanding scars. In the longer term, we should look at ways to better prevent and manage such crises and ensure that the world makes full use of what we will learn from this one. This is the reason why there is a need to examine country case studies to understand patterns especially similarities and differences. But an on-going epidemiological assessment based on data is extremely important to strengthen the fight against the pandemic. This is extremely useful for developing an integrated global response as an investment for our future


Intermedia agenda setting predicts a high degree of convergence between news media agendas. However, the rise of social media forces a re-examination of this expectation. Using the 8.8-earthquake of February 27, 2010 in Chile as a case study, this article compares which topics were covered by professional journalists on broadcast news and Twitter, analyzing both cross-sectional and longitudinal trends. A positive, reinforcing influence was found among the journalistic agendas of TV and Twitter. However, counter to the idea that social media are echo chambers of traditional media, it was found that Twitter influences TV news more so than the other way around. Thus, the study provides an early lens into the agenda setting function of social media among television news professionals, and its findings are consistent with Twitter succeeding among journalists due to its provision of valuable information.


The present study is an attempt to provide an insight into the stability, in terms of interaction energy and thermodynamic parameter, and reactivity, quantified by reactivity descriptors, of the chitosan-MX and its analogous (EMX and ZMX) system. In this system a component is, MX (3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone) a mutagenic halogenated disinfection by products which present in drinking water. And, chitosan is an eco-friendly nano-adsorbent to remove oils, grease, heavy metals and the fine particulate matter from water solution. Electronic and structural properties of chitosan during functionalization by metal were studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Isolated and functionalized chitosan were optimized and their properties were evaluated. The results indicated that the properties of linking sites detect the most significant effects of functionalization process. Degradation efficiency of MX and its analogous in water solvent and also the possibility of absorption of MX by chitosan nanoparticles in aqueous solution were studied via different level of theory.


OBJECTIVE: Tooth wear is a term defined as the loss of dental hard tissue in a damaged tooth if there is no existing dental caries or trauma. Tooth wear rarely exists alone and is observed clinically and experimentally in combination. Excessive tooth wear leads to hypersensitivity and exposed dentin. Tooth wear can be classified as attrition, erosion, abrasion. The frequency of normal tooth preservation is greater than ever, thus a better prevalence of tooth wear is experiential in the population. Therefore, the objective of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate tooth wear and its causative risk factors amongst patients attending the Dental Hospital of Karachi. METHODOLOGY: The current study was a cross-sectional study conducted on adult patients recruited from the Out-Patient Department of Oral Diagnosis from May 2018 - December 2018. A consecutive sampling method was used and 250 adult patients aged 18-45 years were included. Tooth wear was assessed by using Smith and Knight Tooth Wear Index (TWI index).Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS, frequency, percentages were calculated, and a chi-square test was performed to find the association between gender and risk factors. RESULTS: The subject populations of 250 were assessed. Out of which 178 were male (71.2%) and 72 (28.8%) were female with age ranging between 18 to 48 years old. In this study, 92.4% of them were suffering from tooth wear and only 31.2% have extended to the severe stage of the tooth surface loss. CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that there is an association between tooth wear and its risk factors. KEYWORDS: Tooth Wear; Dental Wear; Tooth Wear Indices; Sensitivity and Specificity; Risk Factors.


Appendix 4.1 Result of the non-linear regression analysis of fitting the exponential decay model (Eq. 4.6) to the six firmness data sets of 'Cripps Pink' apples stored at six temperatures from 0C to 30C in single stage of NA storage, using the LeastSquares method with the iterative procedure of the software package GraphPad Prism 4.03, 2005. Storage time (t) in Day was an independent variable of the firmness function F(t).


The design parameters influencing stress transformations in unbonded prestressed steel in various structural forms were analyzed using the nonlinear finite element method to determine a formula for the ultimate stress of unbonded prestressed bars. The analysis also considered influences of design parameters the unbonded prestressed concrete such as the synthesis reinforcement force ratio, prestressing degree, hoop reinforcement ratio, span-depth ratio, load form, and structure form on the ultimate stress of unbonded prestressed steel bars in frame structures. The results show that the factors that significantly affect the ultimate stress of unbonded prestressed steel bars in frame structures are the synthesis reinforcement ratio, hoop reinforcement ratio, span-depth ratio, and horizontal load effect ratio. A formula is given relating the four parameters to the ultimate stress of the unbonded prestressed bars. This article also identifies possible unsafe cases when unbonded prestressed concrete frames have large horizontal loadings and the limitations of the current codes ACI318-89, BS8110 and JGJ/T92-93. The accuracy of the corrected formula has been verified by comparison with experimental results.


We are interested in maximizing the throughput of a closed loop flexible assembly system by distributing the total cycle time across workstations in an optimal way. The algorithm we present optimizes the system in a single simulation run and is a multi-dimensional extension of the single run optimization algorithm proposed recently. A complete implementation, of both the assembly system simulation and the algorithm, is given in the SIMAN language. Numerical examples show that the algorithm converges very quickly.


Objectives Existing pediatric literature describing repeat visits to the emergency department (ED) for the same medical complaint has yet to report on patient flow patterns from general EDs (GEDs) to a pediatric ED (PED). We sought to characterize the population of patients who are treated in a GED and subsequently present to a PED for further care. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study reviewing all pediatric visits (age < 17 y) at 5 GEDs in Vancouver. Our primary outcome measure was the proportion of visits with a subsequent visit to a PED (<7 days) during the 2012 to 2013 fiscal year. Secondary outcomes included reasons for PED consultation, the clinical services accessed, and disposition at the PED. Results During the study period, 581 (3.3%) of the 17,824 children seen at GEDs subsequently presented to the PED within 7 days. The top 3 diagnoses among these were fracture, viral infection, and musculoskeletal complaints. Of the 581 children with a visit to the PED, 180 (31.0%) were referred to the PED for a consultation, whereas the rest were family initiated. Referred visits were more frequently associated with pediatric subspecialist consultation than family-initiated visits (45.0% vs 19.5%, P < 0.01). The referred group more frequently resulted in a surgical procedure (13.9% vs 2.5%, P < 0.01) or hospital admission (51.7% vs 8.7%, P < 0.01). Conclusions Knowing the proportion, management, and outcomes of children who are treated in a GED and subsequently at a PED may provide an important quality measure and opportunities to improve the management of common pediatric emergencies in the community.


The losing rate of our enterprises'employee is becoming higher and higher.It's closely bound up individual chance of further development and stude,salary and bonus,the feeling of accomplishment and human relations.Abnormal rapid flowing of HR can cause the increase of enterprise's cost and the reduction of achievement and benefit,the quality of the employe and the dismember of technology and market.So the enterprises should build up a management concept that the HR is essential,and give a raise to the employee's salary and bonus,help to plan and empolder the employee's proressional career and creat and excellent enterprise's culture to win the loyalty of his employee.


This paper sought to identify the difficulties encountered by students in translating worded problems into mathematical equations in a private sectarian school in Manila. The study examined the students' difficulties and level of performance in translating worded problems into mathematical symbols. A 20-item problem solving test involving the four fundamental operations was given during the third quarter of the school year 2012-2013 to 204 Grade 5 students. Scores in this test measured their performance level in translating worded problems while interpretation of their mistakes identified their difficulties in translating worded problems. Results indicate that 40% of the respondents are below the satisfactory level in translating worded problems. Carelessness, lack of comprehension, interchanging values, and unfamiliar words are some of the common difficulties encountered by the respondents in translating worded problems.


The interactions between colloidal particles in the binary systems or mixture colloids containing clay minerals and bacteria have important influences on formations and stabilities of soil aggregates, transportations of soil water, as well as biological activities of microorganisms. How the interfacial reaction of metal ions affects their interaction therefore becomes an important scientific issue.

 Dynamic light scattering studies on the aggregation kinetics of mixture colloids containing kaolinite and Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) were conducted in this study.

 Aggregation could be observed between kaolinite and kaolinite, between kaolinite and P. putida when P. putida content was less than 33.3%. Additionally, aggregation rates decreased with increasing P. putida content. The critical coagulation concentrations and activation energies indicated that there were strong specific ion effects on the aggregation of mixture colloids. Most importantly, the activation energy increased sharply with increasing P. putida content, which might result from the lower Hamaker constant of P. putida compared with that of kaolinite.

 (1) Strong specific ion effects on mixture colloids aggregation of kaolinite-P. putida were observed; (2) the aggregation behavior of mixture colloids was determined by the average effects of mixture colloids, rather than the specific component. This finding provides an important methodological guide for further studies on the colloidal aggregation behavior of mixture systems with organic and inorganic materials.


To clarify the effect of the heat wave that accompanies the passage of a fire on some physicochemical parameters related to soil erodibility, we subjected two soils, classified as a sandy loam and a silty clay, to an artificial heating in controlled conditions. The heating program was arranged according to the true thermal reactions occurring in the soils previously detected by differential thermal analysis. Heating up to 220°C had only little effect on organic matter content, particle-size distribution, and plastic and liquid limits. Beyond this value the organic matter was burned up, the soils lost their plasticity, and the textural sand fraction increased. The aggregate stability of both soils increased continuously also when the generally acknowledged cementing agents, such as the gel forms, the organic matter, and the organometallic cements, were destroyed. This means that heating promotes new forms of cementation in which iron and aluminum are involved in a process very similar to soil laterization. The porosity of the sandy loam soil decreased continuously, as the heating increased, the clearest evidence of this being in correspondence of the dehydration of the gel forms; on the contrary, the porosity of the silty clay soil increased up to 460°C. At this temperature the porosity sharply decreased, because the heating produced the loss of the OH groups from the clay materials and the internal structure of the clays collapsed.


Objective: To investigate the effect of a medical food on cognitive function in people with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: A total of 225 drug-naive AD patientsparticipated in this randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Patients were randomized to active product, Souvenaid, or a control drink, taken once-daily for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measures were the delayed verbal recall task of the Wechsler Memory Scale-re- vised, and the 13-item modified Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale at week 12. Results: At12weeks,significantimprovementinthedelayedverbalrecalltaskwasnotedintheactive group compared with control (P 5 .021). Modified Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscaleandotheroutcomescores(e.g.,ClinicianInterviewBasedImpressionofChangeplusCaregiver Input, 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Alzheimer's disease Co-operative Study-Activities of Daily Living, Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease) were unchanged. The control group neither deteriorated nor improved. Compliance was excellent (95%) and the product was well tolerated. Conclusions: Supplementation with a medical food including phosphatide precursors and cofactors for 12 weeks improved memory (delayed verbal recall) in mild AD patients. This proof-of-concept study justifies further clinical trials. 2010 The Alzheimer's Association. All rights reserved.