Phenotypic traits that vary geographically within species are commonly assumed to represent local adaptations to different environments. In order for local adaptation to evolve by natural selection, three conditions must be met: (1) traits must vary geographically, (2) local variants of traits must provide a fitness advantage (increased survival or reproductive success) within the local environment, and (3) local variants of traits must be heritable. In chapter two, we review evidence for local adaptation in birds. Geographic variation among populations is nearly ubiquitous, yet experimental tests of the fitness advantages of local trait variants are rare among populations of birds, presumably because of the difficulties in transporting individuals between populations. Thirty-seven studies have tested the heritability of among population variation in traits. Thirty-three of the 37 studies found some degree of heritability of variation among populations, consistent with traits diverging in response to natural selection. In chapter three, we experimentally test the fitness consequences of divergent nest morphologies of Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) using reciprocal nest transplant experiments between a temperate and subarctic site in Canada. Yellow Warblers breeding at our subarctic site build larger nests constructed with more insulative materials than Yellow Warblers breeding at our temperate site, and these differences are the result of different nest building behaviours. Temperate nests transplanted to subarctic sites experienced significantly colder temperatures, and tended to suffer higher egg and nestling mortality due to climatic conditions (cold temperatures), than locally transplanted subarctic nests. Adult females breeding in subarctic sites that


An analytical solution is developed for isotropic functionally graded tubes that are subjected to steady thermomechanical loads. The heat conduction and thermoelasticity equations are solved analytically using the power series method to obtain the temperature, displacements and thermal stresses. In addition to the thermal and mechanical boundary conditions at the inner and outer surfaces of the tube, the net axial force acting on the tube is set equal to zero. The solution technique is applicable to functionally graded tubes with arbitrary variation of material properties in the radial direction. Results are presented for a two‐constituent isotropic metal/ceramic functionally graded tube that is subjected to a very high temperature on its inner surface.


Recently, Tabor College learned that its captive prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridus viridus) has probably established the species' record for longevity in captivity (J. Collins, pers. comm.). At 27 years and 9 months (as of May 1988) "in residence" in the Tabor Biology department, the known age substantially exceeds that reported for any other captive prairie rattlesnake. The previous longevity record for C. viridus, published by Bowler in 1977, was given as 19 years, 3 months, and 10 days. In the same paper, Bowler also reported a record of 13 years, 4 months for C. horridus. Shaw (1962, 1969) described a C. atrox specimen that attained the age of 24 years, 4 months. The Tabor C. viridus is a new longevity in captivity record for all reported specimens in the genus Crotalus. The Tabor specimen was captured in July 1960 by Monroe Bartel (presently employed at Moorehead State University, Minnesota) near Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas. Age at capture was estimated at ca. 2 years, according to S. L. Loewen, who headed the Biology department at that time. At capture, the snake measured 60 cm in length. Average length for an adult prairie rattlesnake is 91 cm (Boles, 1971), while maximum length may range from 145 cm (Collins, 1982) to 152 cm (Boles, 1971). Present statistics of the Tabor snake are length, 102.9 cm, and weight, 1.11 kg. No record of capture weight could be found. From the outset the Tabor rattler has been housed in glass-fronted wooden cages approximately 60 cm square. The snake cages are near laboratories and classrooms and are viewed by the public. Temperature has always been fairly constant (21-27?C) and lighting averages 10-20 foot candles, with a 14/10 photoperiod. Food consists mainly of live rodents and birds with ad libitum water. Feeding is stopped about 1 November and resumed toward the end of March, a regimen approximating the natural activity cycle of the species (see Collins, 1982). Stress is the chief obstacle which a reptile must overcome if it is to adapt successfully to confinement. Lhatka (1980) noted that C. atrox may literally


The invention provides a printed item contact member (54) comprising base material (50); fixation layer (52) having roughly truly spherical particles (51) fixed therein, superimposed on a surface of the base material (50); and extremely thin low-surface-tension coating layer (53) covering the surface of the fixation layer (52) having roughly truly spherical particles (51) fixed therein and exhibiting a release activity to a printed item. This member, retaining a minute rugged structure, exhibits high ink repellency and can be free from attachment of yarn waste or dust at the time of washing, so that it is suitable for use as, for example, a member brought into contact with a printed paper surface from printing machine, or the like.


There are so many problems in the present system of medical accident judgement of China, such as the problem of the organization and producing procedure of the committee of the judgement, the issue of the content of the judgement, the contradiction of the supervision and the restriction of the judgement, etc. In this essay, authors argue that many issues will be solved smoothly if we can make a further reform of the subject and the content of the judgement.


The AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a very wide range of wavelengths from u.v., ~380nm, to the visible ~530nm, by tuning the indium content of the laser GaInN quantum well, giving rise to new and novel applications for medical, industrial, display and scientific purposes. Ridge waveguide laser diode structures are fabricated to achieve single mode operation with high optical powers of >100mW with high reliability. Low defectivity and highly uniform GaN substrates allow arrays and bars of nitride lasers to be fabricated. We demonstrate the operation of monolithic AlGaInN laser bars with up to 20 emitters giving optical powers up to 4W cw at ~395nm with a common contact configuration. These bars are suitable for optical pumps and novel extended cavity systems. An alternative package configuration for AlGaInN laser arrays allows for each individual laser to be individually addressable allowing complex free-space and/or fibre optic system integration within a very small form-factor.


Along with developing touring parties,competition in touring market become increasingly keener.It is the Central point of actual competition and essential importandce to subsistence and development for touring parties to provide careful service and to satiafy travelers'requirement of material,physiology and psychology.


Inthis work, wepropose anewtechnique tomodelthefixed codebook inlow-rate code-excited linear prediction coders. Themulti-track codebook presented inthis paper reduces the coder bit-rate while maintaining ahighspeech quality. Unlike thealgebraic codebook that isadopted inthe8kb/sG.729 standard, themulti-track representation usesapulse density offive pulses per10msspeech frame, andpermits various pulse magnitudes. Fourtracks ofdisjoint pulse positions sets areconstructed andevaluated foreachanalysis frame. However, onlythepulses oftheoptimal track arequantized and transmitted tothereceiver. Whilethesearch ofthebest individual pulse positions islimited toonesegment interval of2 ms,thepulse magnitudes areoptimized forthewholeanalysisframe. Theexcitation signal inthemulti-track codebook isencoded with2.2kb/s. Informal test listening andobjective test measures haverevealed that atthesamebitallocation, the multi-track codebook results insignificantly higher objective andsubjective codedspeech quality thanthealgebraic codebook.


Abstract
 Purpose:
 To investigate the prognostic value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) to predict oncological outcome and intravesical recurrence (IVR) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).
 Method:
 This study involved the clinical data of 255 patients with UTUC who had undergone RNU from 2004 to 2019 at our institution. Patients were grouped according to an optimal value of preoperative PNI. Kaplan–Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the associations of preoperative PNI with progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and IVR.
 Result:
 Patients with low PNI were more likely to be older, have higher tumor stage, higher eGFR, and multifocal lesions. No significant association was found between PNI and CSS, IVR. In subgroup analysis according to the risk stratification, low PNI was associated with worse PFS, CSS, and OS for patients with higher risk. Multivariate analyses showed that elevated PNI was an independent prognostic indicator for PFS (P = 0.014) and OS (P = 0.048).
 Conclusion:
 A low PNI is an independent predictor of PFS and OS in patients with UTUC after RNU. By subgroup analysis, the prognostic value of PNI was limited to patients with higher risk. PNI may become a useful biomarker to predict oncological outcomes in patients with UTUC after RNU.


A method for estimating absorbed dose per unit exposure for selected organs resulting from diagnostic fluoroscopy used with artificial pneumothorax is presented and evaluated by comparison with appropriate published data. Generally good agreement is seen with these comparison data, especially with a Monte Carlo radiation transport technique when soft tissue sites are encompassed by the primary beam. Consequently, it is felt that these empirical data, augmented with Monte Carlo calculations. form an acceptable dosimetric basis for an ongoing epidemiologic study of carcinogenic risk associated with low doses of ionizing radiation.


Just as the patient's history is important to understanding his or her current situation, an understanding of the social, economic, and political forces that have shaped public psychiatry can offer insight into the public psychiatrist's contemporary role in the United States. This chapter reviews the many historical factors that shaped the field's development and that continue to motivate system transformation within public psychiatry today. It explores psychiatry's shifting understanding of mental illness and treatment, alongside the rise and fall of the asylum movement and the evolution of outpatient psychiatry in the early 20th century and beyond. Then, it describes national legislation that led to the deinstitutionalization movement, the fragmentation of social services in the 1980s and 1990s, and the efforts of patient advocates that resulted in public psychiatry's adoption of recovery-oriented services under the George W. Bush administration. Last, this chapter provides context to mental health parity laws under the Affordable Care Act.


Komedya, or moro-moro, is a genre of the Philippine national theater that was flourishing from the second half of the 17th century until the second half of the 19th century. The genre formation was a part of catholic missioners propaganda activities. In time, komedya became the most popular dramatic genre in colonial Philippines. The common features of komedya are: 1) the central theme of komedya is fight between Christians and Muslims, where Christians always win; 2) actions described in komedya never take place in the Philippines, but in an exotic country, for instance in Turkey or in Armenia; 3) Spanish missioners played an important role in the formation of the genre; 4) komedya is the national theater; 5) komedya is a secular genre as adventures dominate over the religious motives. In the middle of the 19th century komedya was criticized by the most progressive Filipinos for being extravagant, lacking logic and not touching upon current Philippine problems. By the beginning of the 20th century komedya was not staged anymore almost everywhere in the Philippines. Its place was taken by the other genres. A number of actions to bring komedya back to its former popularity have been undertaken from the 1970s with the great support of the cultural center of the Philippines and University of the Philippines. It is important to mention that the genre is being changed in order to correspond the needs of the modern Philippine society. For example, the Muslim conflict is not the main topic of the modern Philippine national play as it contradicts the national policy of the Philippines.


Transglutaminase (TGase) was separated from the culture broth of an isolated strain of Streptoverticillium mobaraense. The crude enzyme was prepared by centrifugation, ultrafiltration, precipitation by alcohol, centrifugation and freeze-drying. The yield after these processes was 65-70%. Then the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by chromatography on CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-75 on which the yields were about 70% and 80%, respectively; the purified folds reached 2. 5-4. 7 and 1.08-2.06, respectively. The molecular weight of this TGase was 39,500-40,100 Da by gel filtration chromatography. Optimum enzyme activity was observed in the pH range of 5. 0- 7. 0, and it was maintained stable at 20-40C. The optimal temperature and pH was 52°C and 6.0, respectively. At 1 mM and 5 mM metal ion or inhibitors concentration, TGase activity was strongly inhibited by Zn 2+ and NEM, and not affected obviously by Ba 2+ , Ca 2+ , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Na + as well as PMSF and EDTA. The effects of these additions on this TGase were compared with those of other microbial TGases.


[1]Carter, D., Ouellet, Y. and Pay, P., 1981. Fracture of a solid ice cover by wind-induced or ship-generated waves, Proceedings of 6th Int. Conf. on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, Quebec, Canada, 843~856. [2]Fox, C. and Squire, V. A., 1994. On the oblique reflection and transmission of ocean wave from shore fast sea ice,Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 347, 185~218. [3]Goda, Y. and Susuki, Y., 1976. Estimation of incident and reflected waves in random wave experiments, Proc.15th ICCE, Honolulu, Hawaii, 828. [4]Kanada, S., Ueda, T., Izumiyama, K., Sasamoto, et al., 1994. Experimental study on interactions between water waves and ice sheet, IAHR Ice Symposium, Trondheim, Norway, 239. [5]Mei, C. C. and Black, J. L., 1969. Scattering of surface waves by rectangular obstacles in waters of finite depth, J. Fluid Mech, 38 (3): 499~511.


The effects of straw incorporation on CH4 emissions from rice fields decrease over time, due to increased CH4 consumption in soil. Straw incorporation is a common long-term practice to improve soil fertility in croplands worldwide. However, straw amendments often increase methane (CH4) emissions from rice paddies, one of the main sources of anthropogenic CH4. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodologies to estimate CH4 emissions from rice agriculture assume that the effect of straw addition remains constant over time. Here, we show through a series of experiments and meta-analysis that these CH4 emissions acclimate. Effects of long-term (>5 years) straw application on CH4 emissions were, on average, 48% lower than IPCC estimates. Long-term straw incorporation increased soil methanotrophic abundance and rice root size, suggesting an increase in CH4 oxidation rates through improved O2 transport into the rhizosphere. Our results suggest that recent model projections may have overestimated CH4 emissions from rice agriculture and that CH4 emission estimates can be improved by considering the duration of straw incorporation and other management practices.


Five short webinars that focus on several aspects of rock physics are now available on-demand at https://www.pgs.com/techbyte. These address fundamental challenges related to the use of rock physics: How can we build robust saturated rock physics models of a heterogeneous earth? How can machine learning and geologically-consistent rock physics modeling workflows reduce exploration uncertainty? How can FWI models augmented by rock-physics transformations overcome missing low frequencies? What low-frequency amplitude and phase issues in broadband seismic data are critical to rock physics estimation workflows? How can rock physics estimation workflows validate new seismic technology platforms in frontier areas with minimal-to-no well control? Throughout the five-part mini-series, emphasis is given to rock physics being the bridge that connects geophysics and geology, and that guides QI efforts. Geologically-consistent rock models can be built that are augmented by FWI models, and FWI models can be reliably transformed into robust elastic low frequency models. With these platforms, various global case studies illustrate how carefully processed multisensor broadband seismic data can therefore be used to predict accurate lithology and fluid properties—even when well control is poor.


Selenium (Se) deficiency occurs commonly in California grazing cattle and has been associated with reduced immune function and, in some studies, reduced weight gain. Multiple methods of supplementing Se are available, but little research has compared the effects of these methods on whole blood Se levels and weight gain. In two trials, we evaluated four methods of Se supplementation — an intrarumenal bolus, two injectable preparations and a loose salt containing 120 ppm Se — over an 85- to 90-day period in Se-deficient yearling cattle in Tehama County. The bolus treatment raised whole blood Se levels to an adequate level (0.08 ppm) for the entire study period. Whole blood Se concentrations in injected cattle initially reached adequate levels but then declined to deficient levels. The loose salt treatment acted slowly, with average whole blood Se concentration reaching adequate levels at the end of the study period. None of the treatments significantly affected weight gain and Se blood concentration was not correlated with weight gain. In growing cattle, it appears that Se supplementation may be viewed not as a direct driver of weight gain, but rather as similar to vaccination, in that it can prevent health problems that might otherwise lead to reduced weight gain.


A study was conducted in order to examine the emotional effects of content and hue interacting in the same image. To achieve this goal, self-reported (based on Self-Assessment Manikin [SAM] scale), physiological (pupil diameter and skin conductance response), and behavioral (eye movement) measures were used in response to a set of photographs selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Each of them was a combination of 1 type of content (natural or urban) and 1 type of image version (original, grayscale, green, or red). The results revealed that participants' emotions were dependent on specific contents, hues, and content hue interactions. The natural content elicited more positive and less arousing emotions compared to the urban one. Green images were less arousing compared to red ones, and original images elicited the most pleasant emotions. Moreover, green was the only hue for which valence effects of content were observed—the natural content–green color combination elicited more positive emotions compared to the urban content–green color combination. Results emerging from the different measures are connected to each other and interpreted in the framework of cognitive fluency. Pupil dilation on the one hand, and eye movements and fixations on the other hand, which respectively provided data on vegetative responses and visual search strategies, were often found to embody the emerging emotional experience.


This abstract presents some research work on the central nervous system which are being carried out in our laboratory. 1. CNS stimulant: Securinine is an alkaloid isolated from Securinega suffruticosa Rehd. It was shown to stimulate the CNS, mainly by acting on the spinal cord. This action was similar to that of strychnine in nature. However, radioligand binding assay revealed that, like bicuculline, securinine is a GABA receptor antagonist. It is interesting that there are L- and D-securinine, a pair of optical isomers, in the plant. In the perfused spinal cord preparation of rat. D-securinine produced a pronounced and long-acting increment of polysynaptic re리ex, while L-securinine induced short increment of polysynaptic reflex. This result could be explained by metabolic study that the spinal cord levels of D-securinine were much higher than those of L-securinine. 2. Antiepileptic agent: The juice squeezed from celery has long been used for the treatment of epilepsy in China. The active principle, 3-n-butylphthalide, China. The active principle, 3-n-butylphthalide, was first isolated in 1979, then a series of derivatives were synthesized by our chemists. Of these compounds, ABP was shown to be several times more potent than the parent compound in blocking MES in mice. On the basis of these work, further studies were carried out for its characterization and its antiepileptic mechanism. Results indicated that when a single or multiple antiepileptic dose were given to mice and rats, ABP showed no sedative and amnestic effects. ABP could inhibit ^(45)CaCl₂ uptake in brain synaptosomes and inhibit high K^+, AVP and Bay K8644 induced tail artery contraction of rats and mice, showing that it is a calcium antagonist. ABP induced no change of the central NE level, but increased significantly the contents of brain 5-HT and DA which are neurotransmitters that can inhibit epileptic seizures. 3. Antiamnestic drugs: Ginseng and ginsenoside Rg₁and Rb₁were studied for their antiamnestic effects in one trail avoidance learning in mice and rats. Results showed that ginsenoside Rg₁and Rb₁improved chemically induced amnesia (impairments of acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of memory) Rg₁and Rb₁could increase brain protein biosynthesis and plasma ACTH level in rats as well as decrease 5-HT or slow down 5-HT turnover rate. No specific binding of Rg₁and Rb₁to 1, 2 and adrenoceptors DA, 5-HT, GABA and M-cholinergic receptors was detectable, However, 5 days after i.p. injection of Rg₁and Rb₁, higher Bmax values were obtained for the brain membranes from treated than from control mice. In the mean time, Rg₁and Rb₁did not lower and might even increase the contents of acetylcholine in the brain. 4. Antioxidants: Schisandrone was separated from Schizandra sphenanthera Rehd. et wils and schizandrin B and SE-31 were isolated from Schizandra chinensis Baill. Their structures belong to the lignones. This kind of constituents were found to have benificial effect on liver function damaged by CCl₄or other toxic substances. In our study, lipid peroxidation in microsomes of brain, liver and kidney of rat induced by NADPH-Vit C and Fe^(2+)-cystein was inhibited by these three compounds. They inhibited lipid peroxidation in the following order of potency: schizandrone>schizandrin B>SE-31. All of these compounds were more powerful than the known antioxidative agent-Vit E. One of the mechanisms of antilipoperoxidation is that superoxide anion radicals can be scavenged effectively.


Abstract The preparation and use of a simple charcoal tube is described for the collection of air samples for the determination of several commonly encountered halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons of industrial hygiene significance. A rapid and efficient desorption procedure is employed. Specific parameters are presented for quantitative determination by gas chromatography. The method provides an easily applicable technique with the advantages of minimum field sampling equipment; and rapid, specific, accurate and economical determinations at atmospheric concentrations ranging from a few parts per million to several times the Threshold Limit Value.


A key issue for systems that rely on community contributed, updated, and verified information is motivating and sustain ing participation. We investigate this issue in the context of civic, geographically-situated information systems. We fo cus on StopInfo, a system that provides detailed information about transit stops, primarily oriented toward blind and low vision riders. StopInfo augments transit agency data with in formation contributed by community members. To investi gate community members' motivations for contributing such information, we draw upon Value Sensitive Design theory and methodology. We find that transit riders are primarily motivated to contribute in order to help others in the commu nity, where particularly helping blind or low vision riders also mattered to some contributors. Finally, we discuss how a re quest mechanism for StopInfo could help support values for contributors by allowing them to directly fulfill a need for a member of the community, as well as provide a way for blind and low vision riders to ask for help without bringing explicit attention to their disability. ACM Classification


Cloud computing is an on-demand service where customers may access any time common IT resources, information, software and other equipment. It is a web-based development that offers virtual resources over the Internet as a service. The higher the cloud use, the higher the charge. The allocation of loads to components processing is a challenging phenomenon.In a multi-node system, there is a very good possibility that some nodes will be idle while others will be overloaded. The load balancing algorithms' objective is to keep the load on each processing element constant. A technique for Random Load Balancing in Cloud Computing is devised, in which the amount of user requests is instantly assigned to the resources. This method employs a random strategy to decrease the request's waiting time. This proposed load balancing technique is simulated in Cloud Analyst tool. The performance comparison study between proposed random method and other available load balancing methods is conducted. It is found that the performance of proposed random method is better in terms of response time.Keywords: Cloud Computing, Load Balancing, Response Time, Virtual Machine, Sorting


V www.u A Durann France Abstract—A new ultrasound-based technique is proposed to assess the arterial stiffness: the radiation force of an ultrasonic beam focused on the arterial wall induces a transient shear wave ( 10 ms) whose propagation is tracked by ultrafast imaging. The large and high-frequency content (100 to 1500 Hz) of the induced wave enables studying the wave dispersion, which is shown experimentally in vitro and numerically to be linked to arterial wall stiffness and geometry. The proposedmethod is applied in vivo. By repeating the acquisition up to 10 times per second (theoretical maximal frame rate is 100 Hz), it is possible to assess in vivo the arterial wall elasticity dynamics: shear modulus of a healthy volunteer carotid wall is shown to vary strongly during the cardiac cycle and measured to be 130 ± 15 kPa in systole and 80 ± 10 kPa in diastole. (E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) 2010 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.


The aldol reaction of the silyl enol ether of cyclopent-2-enone with aldehydes is mediated by various Lewis acids. Threo isomers are the major diastereoisomers formed in most cases. A reverse diastereoselectivity was observed when the reaction was mediated by TBAF. The results have been discussed in detail by structure and transition state analysis.


For the shortcomings of the current law undergraduate classroom teaching,combined with outstanding law teachers' teaching experience,this article summarized teaching art system in the legal classroom which includes four basic elements: the teaching organization art,teaching language arts,the art of comprehensively using teaching methods,the art of teaching deportment.On this basis,every teacher needs his own characteristics to create the unique charm of the personalized teaching art style.


In the field of machine tool vibrations, the impulse excitation of high-speed rotating tools can be provided using shots of airsoft pellets. In order to estimate properly the transfer function of the tool, the impact time and the contact forces during the impact should be accurately approximated based on finite element (FE) simulations. This requires the complete understanding of the mechanical behavior of the ball during the impact. The mechanical tests performed on the pellets showed that the deformation of the balls exhibits elastic, viscous and plastic properties as well. Hence, the applied material model should describe the viscoelastic and the yielding behavior in addition the elastic contribution at finite strain. The only available material model, among the implemented ones, that describes such material behavior in the commercial FE software ABAQUS [1] is the two-layer viscoplastic (TLVP) model. The TLVP model is comprised of a viscoelastic branch in parallel with an elastic-plastic network in 1D [2-3]. This report addresses to investigate the performance of the two-layer viscoplastic model using several models for the viscoelastic and the elastic-plastic branches, respectively. Since the analytical solutions are not available even for simple uniaxial compression tests, the material parameters are fitted by minimizing the error of the mechanical test data (e.g. uniaxial cyclic compression of the pellets) and the model prediction using FE simulation. This implies that in each iteration step of the fitting, a complete FE simulation for the compression and contact has to be performed. Finally, the performances of the investigated models are compared based on the FE simulations of the impact and validated using high-speed camera recordings. Acknowledgement: This research has been supported by the ÚNKP-16-3-I. New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities, Hungary. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Advanced Grant Agreement n. 340889.


Tracking error minimization is a widely used by traditional index or passive fund managers for the purpose of gauging how well a given portfolio follows an index. We propose the method of moments to match the index more accurately with a smaller number of assets. The ultimate goal is to take account of higher order moment conditions such as skewness and kurtosis in the return distribution. We discuss how this method compare to each other as well as any improvement over the standard tracking error it is able to yield.


The purpose herein is to analyze statistically the variability of the laboratory tests of flow of sand and water in pipes, and to present nomographically a summary of pertinent hydraulic data on the subject from papers published since 1898 in ASCE journals.


The aim of this paper is to examine the nature of Guidance and Counselling services in secondary schools based on a survey conducted in Eldoret Municipality of Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study specifically looked into areas that ranged from the issues for which students sought Guidance and Counselling, to whether the units enjoyed administrative support or not. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design. The target population was all secondary schools in the Municipality where a sample was obtained by both random and stratified sampling techniques. A total of 204 secondary school students (103 girls and 101 boys), from nine secondary schools, 41 teachers (14 male and 27 female) and the officer in Charge of Guidance and Counselling in the District constituted the sample. All categories of schools were considered, that is, boarding and day; single sex and co-educational; public and private. The research methodology for the study involved the use of structured questionnaires (open- and closed-ended) to collect the data. The data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical techniques for analysis and interpretation. The study findings revealed that lack of physical and human resources characterized the nature of Guidance and Counselling services in the area. The services delivered, within these units were also varied. Although most schools tried to adhere to the objectives of Ministry of Education Science and Technology (MOEST) in their service provision, most teachers including the head teachers were not aware of the MOEST guidelines. It is thus recommended that the MOEST should have a revised Guidance and Counselling curriculum, which should be followed by all schools. More teachers should also be trained in Guidance and Counselling and more than one posted per school.


Tax evasion is a mass socio-economical phenomenon that is present at a global level, negatively affecting state economies. This article presents and explores the aspects that lead to the manifestation of this phenomenon and the consequences it has on the social and economic environment. The identification and illustration of the determinants and effects of tax evasion are presented by use of an exploratory instrument that is the tree-diagram. The main contributions to the research field this study brings are the labeling, individualization and exploration of the main causes of tax evasion, and also of its consequences, an approach that is essential in order to find solutions for measuring and maintaining a controlled dimension of this phenomenon, which cannot be directly quantified.


AbstractThe In Salah carbon dioxide storage project in Algeria has injected more than 3 million tons of carbon dioxide into a thin water-filled tight-sand formation. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar range change data revealed a double-lobe pattern of surface uplift, which has been interpreted as the existence of a subvertical fracture, or damage, zone. The reflection seismic data found a subtle linear push-down feature located along the depression between the two lobes thought to be due to the injection of carbon dioxide. Understanding of the CO2 distribution within the injection interval and migration within the fracture zone requires a precise subsurface layer model from the injection interval to above the top of the fracture zone. To improve the resolution of the existing seismic model, we applied a sparse-layer seismic inversion, with basis pursuit decomposition on the 3D seismic data between 1.0 and 1.5 s. The inversion results, including reflection coefficients and band-limited impedance cub...


The eighteenth-century Enlightenment represents a turn toward experience, that is, toward the experiencing subject. Still the Enlightenment involves an aspiration toward objective truth in the ideals of the newly emerging sciences and in the experiments in democracy that were beginning to transform the political landscape of Europe and America. Immanuel Kant's towering philosophical achievement in his critical works helps to reformulate a meaning of objectivity that is congenial to the climate of inquiry and freedom in that remarkable century, a meaning that is unburdened of the metaphysical commitments of many of his predecessors. Kant's revolution in philosophical thought gives us an objectivity that is crucially related to epistemic conditions rooted in subjectivity, a correlation between subjectivity and objectivity that carries over as well into his critical treatises concerned with ethics and aesthetics. This book of essays explores the tension between subjectivity and objectivity as it develops in the Enlightenment in Winkelmann, Hume, and Kant. The focus is upon aesthetic theories concerning the beautiful, the sublime, and the grotesque. The question by two of the authors as to whether aesthetic enjoyment of the blues is morally justified underscores an interest in these essays in the connection between aesthetics and ethics. This concern of the relation of aesthetics to judgments in cognition and in morality underlies an area of peculiar interest to Kant, and therefore to many of these essays. Finally the authors examine a turn toward the subjective in the Postmodern world of art and aesthetic theory, a turn that represents a relaxation of the original Enlightenment tension between subjectivity and objectivity. It also represents perhaps a grotesque turn toward the extreme of subjectivity in the realm of Postmodern theory, an extreme toward which at least one of the authors casts a critical eye.


The rising and falling in the stock market in China is the most obvious characteristics.The government often intends to make use of some policies and measures consciously to adjust to the movement of the stock market.Whether it is necessary to carry on a macroeconomic adjusting policy in the stock market and how to control it have been controversial topics.The text tries to carry on a comprehensive comment to the content of macroeconomic policy in the stock market,and analyzes the impossibility in theories and reality from the point of theoretical inconsistency and the theory of time consistency.At last the author concludes that macroeconomic policy in the stock market is unnecessary and it should be delayed.


Three-dimensional reconstruction of nerve fascicle is important in the analysis of biological characteristics in the arm. The topology of fascicle has been used by doctors to investigate the nerve direction and the relationship between the individual nerve fascicle. However, there still does not exist an ideal internal fascicle and 3D model in the human peripheral nerve. Accurate segmentation of fascicle from CT images is a crucial step to obtain reliable 3D nerve fascicle model. Traditional method in the fascicle segmentation is not efficient due to time consuming, manual work and poor generalization capacity. In this study, we proposed an efficient deep segmentation network and then reconstruct 3D nerve fascicle model. The proposed network explores the intra-slice contextual features with convolutional long short-term memory for accurate fascicle segmentation, and model long-range semantic information among image slices. Transfer learning technique is integrated with ResNet34, and the discriminative capability of intermediate features are further improved. The proposed network architecture is efficient, flexible and suitable for separating the adhesive fascicle. Our approach is the first deep learning method for nerves segmentation. The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on our dataset, where the mean Dice of our method is 95.4% and at least 5% more than other methods.


This paper is a reprint of a sketch of an electronic-circuitdesigning program, submitted as a Ph.D. proposal. It describes the Ki electronic design problem with respect to the classic trade-off between expertise and generality. The essence of the proposal is to approach the electronics domain indirectly, by writing an "advice-taking" programi (in McCarthy's sense) which can be told about electronics, including heuristic knowledge about the use of-specific electronics expertise. The core of this advice taker is a deductive program capable of deducing what its strategies should be. Work reported herein was conducted at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology research program supported in part by the Advance Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense and monitored by the office of Naval Research under Contract Number N08814-70-A-8362-8885. Working Papers are informal papers intended for internal use.


INTRODUCTION: Mobile Learning is a new pivotal learning trend nowadays. With the increasing use of sophisticated smartphones equipped with augmented reality supporting tools and sensors, mobile learning platforms are expected to deliver tailor-made and customized learning elements to learners. Context-awareness is regarded as the fundamental approach or workaround to lift this learning style to distribute adaptive and personalized learning elements in mobile devices. OBJECTIVES: The main priority in mobile learning is to make learning elements as flexible as possible using different forms of context data to extend the natural adaptation capabilities in mobile devices in order to engage learners in extremely rich environments. METHODS: In this paper, A context-aware MoBile LEarning framework is proposed, namely the AMBLE framework. It processes contextual data at four distinct levels namely: Sensing Layer, Adaptation Layer, Context Processing Layer, and Application Layer to perform adaptation of learning contents based on the actual environment and conditions of the learner. RESULTS: Partial implementation of the proposed framework has the potential to capture and represent the physical context information that may be used to perform a dynamic adaptation of learning contents and thus significantly improve the mobile learning experiences. Extra work is expected regarding the implementation of the other layers and components of the framework including the user model, context manager, and the adaptation engine. CONCLUSION: The AMBLE framework proposes some relevant content adaptations with some positive results. As future works, new forms of user-context adaptation synthesized with other extracted data sets of contextual information will be used to establish and align relevant dynamic adaptation and personalization of learning contents.


According to the requirements of mine hoist control system, a novel hoist control system based on PLC, inverter and touch screen is designed.


The incompressible laminar along with injection or suction over a wedge for a boundary layer flow is studied. Falkner–Skan transformations reduce the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) to two nonlinear coupled PDEs and are solved by the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The variation of a dimensionless temperature and velocity profiles f ′ ( η ) and θ ( η ) for E c = 0.001 , M p = 0.05 , m = 0.0909 and to the nonidentical values of the parameter s for injection/suction has been shown in the graph. The results hence obtained show that the flow field is determined by the existence of the applied magnetic field. The finite difference method is applied to the reduced PDEs and the velocity and temperature profiles are compared with the HAM solutions and depicted graphically. To distinguish singularities in the graph, we have applied Pade for the HAM series solution, which is depicted in graphs for all three cases. We have also estimated the radius of convergence of HAM solutions by Domb–Sykes plot for injection, no suction, and suction respectively. The important observation made by us through HAM and numerical solution is the existence of flow separation for injection, which is not shown by previous authors.


Resistive Plate chambers (RPCs) are robust and affordable gaseous detectors that combine low cost with excellent timing, good spatial resolution and fast response to the incoming particles. The India Based Neutrino Observatory is an approved project aimed at building a magnetised Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector to study Neutrino physics and related issues. The ICAL experiment will utilize about 29000 RPC's as active detector elements, sandwiched between alternate plates of thick iron. The RPC detectors will be used to detect muons produced from the atmospheric neutrinos interaction with an iron target. The spatial information of the muons will be extracted from the two dimensional readout and the hit position in the respective layers. The up going and down going directionality will be obtained using the time stamp of hits in the active detectors. The charge induced by the particle and its behaviour with respect to the applied voltage play a significant role in designing the readout electronics for the detector. In this paper, we present the timing and charge measurement of single gap glass based RPC detectors. We will also report about studies on the dependence of the timing and charge response of these RPC detectors as a function of the gas composition.


6 Background: The mobile health (mHealth) application encourages parents and pediatric 7 patients to be involved in caring for their child's health condition by providing the ability to 8 actively identify and manage chemotherapy-induced symptoms in their child. Several 9 monitoring systems available today are diverse in features and system basis. This study aimed 10 to develop and trial the Chemo Assists for Children (CAC) mHealth application for symptom 11 management due to chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). 12 Methods: In this study, the development of the CAC application went through four phases. The 13 initial phase was conducting a literature study for application content. The application design 14 phase involved five experts in validating application content. In the implementation phase, the 15 application was piloted on ten parents with ALL children undergoing chemotherapy at two 16 teaching hospitals in Indonesia. According to the test results, the CAC application was improved 17 at the evaluation stage. The data were obtained descriptively from the validation and application 18 testing using the average and total item scores. 19 Results: Phase 1 obtained 17 reference sources in textbooks and research journal articles to 20 design the mHealth application content. Phase 2 received the value of the content validity of all 21 statements was 0.96, which means that the application material is declared valid. In phase 3, the 22 average total usability test score was 4.28. Finally, an evaluation phase was applied continuously 23 to produce an accurate, accessible, and appropriate application for users. 24 Conclusions: The CAC mHealth application developed can meet the needs of technology users to identify symptoms and manage symptoms due to chemotherapy in children with ALL. The 26 CAC mHealth application can accommodate data not recorded at out-of-hospital care, increase 27 the independence of symptom management, and improve communication between parents of 28 children with ALL and health workers.


History has proved time and again that in all times and places, defeated peoples whose land is seized do badly as in the case of Aboriginal communities. Lower social status is associated with lower life expectancy, and people tend towards chronic insecurity and fearfulness.


The purpose was determining the effect of diversification and the efficient frontier on the investment portfolio of Lima Stock Exchange in the las 4 years. The type of research carried out is quantitative and explanatory, based on the statistical information of the quotation on the Lima Stock Exchange in the period 2015-2019. The profitability and the risk can be done through by the Excel and Excel Solver program and Eviews too. Of the 11 titles selected as sample of the Lima Stock Exchange (LSE), the expected return and volatility in the last of 4 years were calculated. The most efficient portfolio set in the market was determined. Using the theory of diversification, a contrast was obtained in the results, this is why the result of volatility is of the utmost importance for investors in the portfolio, since it contributes to the decrease in risk and the increase in profitability.


A valuable guide to industrial sustainability's most respected and useful research, The Greening of Industry Resource Guide and Bibliography presents analysis and commentary on critical issues in today's changing environment. Chapters address specific economic, social, and technical issues, including environmental performance assessment, cleaner production, strategic cooperation and product life cycle management, organizational learning and personal development, and greening leadership for developing countries.


has been hailed as a 'sharing' revolution, enabling 'micro-entrepreneurs' to enjoy greater autonomy and flexibility in taking on 'gigs', 'rides', or 'tasks', while customers benefit from the ease, convenience, and affordability of 'work on demand'. Is this the future of work? What are the benefits and challenges of crowdsourced work? Is the gig economy fundamentally different to existing models of work and should it be kept outside the scope of employment law, as many platforms claim?


The thermal environment of a pulse detonation engine was modeled using a space-time averaging procedure. The method allowed the one-dimensional, lumped-capacitance model to be used. The tube dimensions were a bore of 100 mm and a length of 1 m. For the calculations, the PDE pulse was split into a heating, exhaust and purging subprocess. Assumptions for the duration of each process were made based on previous experiments. The PDE was also assumed to operate at about 19 Hz. The calculations were performed for a stoichiometric air and octane mixture initially at STP. Wall materials consist of stainless steel, copper and Haynes alloy. Different water flow rates and jacket radii were used. The study showed that high water flow rates and large jackets were able to reduce the temperature at the water jacket. The temperatures of the inner and outer PDE walls were unaffected by the coolant flow or the jacket dimensions. These surfaces remain at high temperatures and indicate that a PDE requires advanced cooling te...


The experimentally observed effect of resumption of oscillations following the dilution of some states in the nonoscillatory domain appearing after completion of the last regular oscillation is examined in the Bray-Liebhafsky reaction on the basis of a model proposed by Schmitz. Qualitative agreement is noted, but that agreement offers only qualified support for this particular mechanism


Sulfur transformations in freshwater peat were studied using contrasting stable isotope signatures of atmospheric input (high δ34S) and Sphagnum peat substrate (low δ34S). Wet subsurface peat samples from the Lehstenbach watershed, Fichtelgebirge, Germany were incubated anaerobically at 5 and 15°C. Pore-water sulfate was augmented with natural precipitation at the onset of the experiments. Sulfate concentrations and δ34S ratios of residual pore water were measured in 1-day intervals (9 days) and 1-week intervals (7 weeks) at 15°C, and in 1-week intervals (7 weeks) at 5°C. Initially, SO42− concentrations decreased (by 50 to 85%) and δ34S ratios increased (by as much as 16‰) at both temperatures due to bacterially-mediated dissimilatory sulfate reduction. At the higher temperature (15°C), the S isotope effect (Δ δ34S) was higher than at the lower temperature (5°C). On day 4 (at 15°C) and day 29 (at 5°C), the δ34S ratio of pore-water sulfate started to decrease by as much as 20‰ The changing S isotope composition provided evidence for a dynamic turnover of the pore-water sulfate pool in anaerobic peat. The observed δ34S pattern could not be explained solely by isotope selectivity of the sulfate-reducing bacteria. Sulfur isotope data indicated a replenishment of the sulfate pool by hydrolysis of ester-sulfate.


We address problem of on-line scheduling of the aircraft descent and approach trajectory. We formulate a general multiphase optimal control problem for optimization of the descent trajectory and review available methods of its solution. We develop a fast algorithm for solution of this problem using two key components: (i) fast inference of the dynamical and control variables of the descending trajectory from the low di-mensional flight profile data and (ii) efficient local search for the resulting reduced dimensionality non-linear optimization problem. We compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with numerical solution obtained using optimal control toolbox General Pseudospectral Optimal Control Software. We present results of the solution of the scheduling problem for aircraft descent using novel fast algorithm and discuss its future applications.


Iatrogenic dissection of the subclavian artery during cardiac catheterization is a subject that is seldom referred to in the literature, probably because of the low incidence and the possible existence of publication bias due to the fact that it concerns a complication. Our patient is a 75-year-old woman with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and a history of heart disease affecting the left main coronary artery and 3 coronary vessels. In 2002, she had undergone surgical treatment with triple bypass, from saphenous vein to obtuse marginal branch, saphenous vein to posterolateral branch of circumflex artery (left dominance), and left internal mammary artery to anterior descending artery. Asymptomatic from the cardiovascular point of view, she was admitted to the hospital in June 2010 due to prolonged angina at rest, with a high troponin level. She underwent coronary angiography via left radial artery, which revealed occlusion of proximal anterior descending, circumflex, and right coronary arteries, with patency of the grafts but severe lesion in the anastomosis between mammary coronary and anterior descending arteries. After consultation with the attending physician and the patient, the decision was made to perform a percutaneous interventional procedure in said lesion. The intervention was carried out via a left radial approach using a 6-Fr Judkins Right 4 guiding catheter. After balloon dilatation of the anastomotic stricture, during a follow-up injection we observed spiral dissection of the subclavian artery (Fig. 1A) that affected the origins of the vertebral artery and the thyrocervical trunk, with contrast retention under vacuum conditions (Fig. 1B). The patient reported mild pain in the left clavicular region, with no other symptoms. Angioplasty was completed by implantation of a


Utilizing the trajectory-tracing procedure for calculating vertical cutoff rigidities with two different geomagnetic field simulations, theoretical cosmic-ray equators have been calculated and compared with experimentally determined positions of the equator. It is shown that the maximum in vertical cutoff rigidity is representative of the theoretical cosmic-ray equator even when nonvertical effects are considered. In addition, it is shown that care must be taken in the routing of an experimental latitude survey, as it is possible to observe a minimum in cosmic-ray intensity that defines a 'virtual' cosmic-ray equator.


How likely are multinational enterprises (MNEs) to use expatriate parent country nationals to staff culturally distant subsidiaries? How does their employment affect subsidiary performance? The agency theory prediction is that MNEs will rely more heavily on parent country nationals as cultural distance increases and that this reliance will weaken over time. Both agency theory and the "resource-based view" suggest that a positive effect of expatriate staffing on subsidiary performance increases with cultural distance but decreases over time. Results largely supported the predictions in data on Japanese foreign subsidiaries.


How can we grasp our relationship to the Earth through the earth? In dealing with the human and its relationship to the soil food web, this lecture traces translations as they occur through the sense of smell and taste using Thomas A. Sebeok's concept of the chemical sign. What world do we share with nonhumans when we cultivate the soil? Employing Felix Guattari's "pseudo-narrative detour" through myth, ritual and science and Gilles Deleuze's elaboration of uncertainty in The Logic of Sense, the lecture criticizes subject-centred encounters with the soil food web and its complexity, aiming instead for an anexact science of Earth-earthling relations. It advances the notion that the mundane eating and defecating tendencies shared by all earthlings is the basis of a renewed material alliance with the Earth. Though the Earth and its earthlings share what may be called flesh (organic and nonorganic), it is what passes through and is exchanged by flesh that is of interest here. Moving from retracing the "new" assemblies of plants, animals, and microbes that are produced through cultivated efforts at rearranging the mundane (spatial questions), the lecture closes on an exploration of the differing layers of time (Chronos and Aion) bound up in the "new" assemblies.


Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) algorithms are proposed for compression of speech in 8 kHz band at switched or variable bit rate and algorithmic delay not exceeding 2 msec. Two structures of Low-Delay CELP coders are analyzed: Low-delay sparse excitation and mixed excitation CELP. Sparse excitation is based on MP-MLQ and multilayer models. Mixed excitation CELP algorithm stems from the narrowband G.728 standard. As opposed to G.728 LD-CELP coder, mixed excitation codebook consists of pseudorandom vectors and sequences obtained with Long-Term Prediction (LTP). Variable rate coding consists in maximizing vector dimension while keeping the required speech quality. Good speech quality (MOS=3.9 according to PESQ algorithm) is obtained at average bit rate 33.5 kbit/sec.


The competitive adsorption behavior between oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functionality in poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-vinylpyridine) (MMA2VP) and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-4-vinylpyridine) (MMA4VP) random copolymers onto alumina substrate was investigated. The adhesive strength of both the MMA2VP/alumina and MMA4VP/alumina systems increased with increasing vinylpyridine (VP) content in the copolymers, and the effect was more prominent for the MMA4VP/alumina system. Analysis of the reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy shows that the carbonyl functional groups in MMA2VP and MMA4VP interact specifically with alumina while the pyridine rings in VP units are oriented more vertically to alumina surface than carbonyl groups. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal that both the nitrogen-containing functionalities in 2VP or 4VP units and the oxygen-containing functionality in MMA unit interact specifically with alumina surface. The quantitative analysis of XPS spectra indicates th...


Electrical utility companies increasingly rely upon automated fault detection to improve the integration and effectiveness of emerging smart grids. Responding to these circumstances in the rapidly-changing power industry, the electrical engineering department at Cal Poly State University in San Luis Obispo created Advanced Power Systems Initiatives to modernize the curriculum in its existing power electronic and power system courses. These initiatives expand the power systems laboratory curriculum to include a series of protection experiments. The newly-proposed set of laboratory experiments utilizes microprocessor-based protective relays to give students hands-on experience in power system protection. The experiments drive learning outcomes which incorporate the theory and practice necessary for technical careers in today's power industry. This paper presents an overview of the content and learning outcomes of the experiments, in addition to initial student performance.


The utility model relates to an inflating and pressurizing device specially designed for clinical venous pressurizing transfusion. The utility model is composed of a valve core type inflating valve which is provided with an infusion line air inlet pipe interface, a sphygmomanometer inflating capsule, an air storage bag and a connecting air tube which is provided with an air filter and an exhaust adjustable clamp. The utility model which is once inflated can successfully pressurize and transfuse a bottle of more than 250 ml physic liquor. The utility model which is convenient and reliable can effectively reduces nursing personnel's work, and ensure not to spray physic liquor outside.


The first-order absorbing boundary condition is extended to improve accuracy both on the free field boundary and the input wave boundary.The computer program of this absorbing boundary condition is based on finite element method.The input wave is introduced into Higdon's boundary condition by using least-squares method,while the parameters in Higdon's operator are estimated by the nodal strain and velocity fields inside absorbing boundary.As a result,the absorbing boundary condition is updated automatically.The velocity boundary condition and the force boundary condition are proposed to absorb reflected wave both on the free field boundary and the input wave boundary.Numerical examples show that the proposed boundary conditions have much higher accuracy compared with the conventional artificial boundary conditions.


Corrosion of reinforcement is one of the major causes of deterioration in reinforced concrete structures. Various crack patterns are nucleated around reinforcement in concrete due to expansion of c...


There is considerable debate in the academic literature regarding the agency of international organisations. Opinions diverge sharply, from complete autonomy posited by some social constructivists to total IO subservience to states as posited by hardline realists. I identify the state/organisation divergence as a false dichotomy. Using the epistemological foundations of Karl Popper, I demarcate both the social constructivist and rationalist reductionist models as non-falsifiable theoretical frameworks. In their place, I propose a meta-theory based on the tenets of systems research as applied to the characteristics of human social ecologies (political communities and networks). In the lexicon of mainstream theory, my argument mirrors ideas of constrained independence on the part of international organisations, although typified by scalable power loci and constraints operating within and without IOs. I offer examples of such behaviour in two case studies involving the United Nations.


Based on 3GPP and ITU recommendations, Tactile Internet is one of the main applications of 5G communication networks (5G / IMT2020). Tactile Internet represents a new paradigm of telecommunications, which can support the transfer of Tactile sensations, which is the main application of this concept. The article analyzes Tactile Internet applications, implementation problems and approaches to their solution.


Abstract Establishing the absence of deadlocks is important in many applications of formal methods. The use of model checking for finding deadlocks in formal models is often limited. In this paper, we propose a constraint-based approach to finding deadlocks employing the ProB constraint solver. We present the general technique, as well as various improvements that had to be performed on ProB's Prolog kernel, such as reification of membership and arithmetic constraints. This work was guided by an industrial case study, where a team from Bosch was modelling a cruise control system. Within this case study, ProB was able to quickly find counterexamples to very large deadlock-freedom constraints. In the paper, we also present other successful applications of this new technique. Experiments using SAT and SMT solvers on these constraints were thus far unsuccessful.


The present invention relates to a negative active material, a preparation method thereof and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same, negative active material of the present invention is formed on the core and the core surface comprising the active metal include a carbon-based material includes a layer that cracks. The negative active material of the present invention is to solve the problem of elimination from the total undifferentiated, contact failure and the home of the conductive material by the volume expansion of the metal-based active material has been examined in the anode active material of a conventional high-capacity lithium secondary battery, a lithium secondary improve the life characteristics of the battery and, to improve the electronic conductivity in the negative electrode it has the advantage to improve the initial efficiency of the lithium secondary battery. Active material, the active metal, undifferentiated, current collector, a carbonaceous material, a crystalline, amorphous, crack prevention layer


In a recent interview with C&EN (July 20, page 38) Philip Handler, former president of the National Academy of Sciences, said, "Science is a human endeavor. It's about people in the end. It can't be held out there as some strange objective thing that doesn't relate to the world in which people function. It must not. It would be a terrible mistake." In this issue of the magazine C&EN senior editor Wil Lepkowski, in effect, picks up on this theme with an examination of a debate that may be about to erupt over the methods and ethics of science and scientists, particularly as they apply to the central role of science and technology in the nuclear arms race. Such a debate, if it really happens, hardly will be untimely. Every week for the past decade both the U.S. and the Soviet Union have been adding an average of about 10 strategic nuclear warheads to their ...


According to our preceding studies of vote in French urban deprived areas (areas designated by the acronym ZUS for Zones Urbaines Sensibles), the electoral behaviour of people living in these areas exhibits two main distinctive features. Firstly, ZUS voters have a stronger propensity to abstain than the other voters. Secondly, their choices express a more marked preference for the left and less support to the right. The present paper focuses on 2007 presidential election in ZUS located in PACA region (Provence - Alpes - Cote d'Azur). It reasserts the two singularities of ZUS vote and shows that they are observed whatever the scale of comparison (national, regional or municipal). The advantage given to the left in PACA's ZUS is however particularly important at the regional level, since PACA region strongly voted for the right at the last presidential election. But, concerning the vote for the extreme right, ZUS voters are quite representative of PACA voters. The two major features of electoral behavior in ZUS are also found in the comparison with the rest of the municipalities where ZUS are located. However, the divergences between PACA's ZUS and the rest of their municipalities strongly vary from one ZUS to another, especially among ZUS belonging to the same municipality. It leads us to think that the particular characteristics of urban deprived areas impact the electoral choices of their inhabitants. This result then provides an illustration of the influence of the context in which people make their decisions on their political choices and underlines the relevance of the ecological analysis of voting behaviour.


When physically based erosion models such as GUEST are used to determine soil erodibility parameters or to predict the rate of soil loss, data on runoff rates, as distinct from event runoff amount, are often needed. Data on runoff rates, however, are not widely available. This paper describes methods that can be used to overcome this lack of data on runoff rates. These methods require only rainfall rates and runoff amounts, which are usually available for sites set up primarily to test and validate the USLE technology. In addition, the paper summarises the data requirements for the erosion model GUEST and application procedures. In the accompanying paper, these methods are applied to 4 experimental sites in the ASIALAND Network.


Operation of JT-4/JT-1G hydrogenation catalysts on a hydrogen plant at Sinopec Jingmen Co. for hydrogenation of coker off-gas was described. The operation results showed that combination of the two catalysts exhibited high activity for hydrogenation of olefins and organic sulfur and met the requirement of hydrogen plant.


In IT industry, global software development (GSD) is becoming popular since the past few decades. GSD is the process whereby companies are doing development of software at different locations. GSD is adopted by the IT companies to get the advantages of multi-site development, reduce development cost and access large group of skilled labor. Despite the leverage benefits of GSD, several challenges are also associated with it. A number studies have addressed disciplined processes and standards to cope with these challenges. These studies are conducted in different parts of the world but not particularly in Malaysia. The literature on the use of software practices due to GSD in Malaysia is still limited. Therefore, the present study reviews the existing work on GSD and suggests further research in this area in Malaysian context. We present our future research plan for Malaysian software companies that are involved in GSD and project outsourcing. The findings of future researches will help to know the trends of software processes in Malaysia as well as the GSD factors that affect the selection of a process. Moreover, present study also presents a preliminary framework for process selection.


This procedure will test the 17B MIT sensor inputs to the DACS trailer after installation of new thermocouple multiplexers and associated computer software.


HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS
A 24 year old yugoslavian father of two children, complained of decreased libido and impotence since seven months. He also described recurrent joint pains in the knees and wrist joints. The urological and internal examination was unremarkable.

INVESTIGATIONS
Except for slightly elevated liver enzymes and a mild thrombocytopenia the laboratory tests were normal. Testosteron, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations were markedly decreased. Hepatosplenomegaly was demonstrated by ultrasound.

TREATMENT AND COURSE
During testosteron administration for hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism erectile dysfunction improved. 9 months later the patient became diabetic and was referred to our department. Hemochromatosis was confirmed by serum ferritin concentration of 4010 micrograms/l, transferrin saturation of 85% and hepatic iron concentration of 27,900 micrograms/g dry weight. Molecular genetics showed no mutation of the hemochromatosis gene HFE. After venesection the ferritin concentration decreased, the loss of libido and subfertility improved with testosterone administration.

CONCLUSION
In subfertility from an endocrine disorder primary hemochromatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Only early diagnosis and prompt iron depletion may improve the prognosis of these patients.


A fully three-dimensional (3D) multiphase flow model (3DMPS) is developed to simulate the migration of three phases (water, non-aqueous phase liquid and gas) using a fractional flow formulation for the governing equations. This model can incorporate general boundary and initial conditions and automatic phase appearance and disappearance. Numerically, the Lagrangian–Eulerian decoupling method with an adaptive zooming and peak/valley capturing scheme (LEZOOMPC) algorithm is employed to solve multiphase flow problems. A total of seven examples are given in this paper. First, verification is performed against an analytical solution in one case and against other numerical models in another. Second, two examples were used to demonstrate the ability of the model to treat general boundary conditions. Third, the comparison of CPU time in one example illustrated that the efficiency of the LEZOOMPC algorithm is superior when compared to traditional upstream finite-element methods. Finally, two examples are presented...


To accomplish the objective to make human-collaborative robots, we need to clarify how humans actually interact each other when they do collaborative work. In this study, we transcribed all utterances produced while participants' completing human-human collaborative conveyer task, and computed and categorized all morphemes (minimal unit of language meaning) using 4 categories based on the morpheme's role in the task. The role categories were Robot Action, User Action, Modifier, Object. We analyzed the utterances produced by 4 groups, 3 participants in each group. Results were that frequency of each category per minute decreased over ten trials. However, the variety of words in each category tended to show an inverted U-shaped pattern. Based on these results, we proposed three stages of language skill acquisition in a collaborative work.


Fabrication of amorphous pillar silicon structures showing visible photoluminescence (PL) by naked eye is reported. Some attempts involving silicon etching processes were previously performed by other authors, but PL from the resulting pillar structures was never observed. The pillar silicon structures were grown by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) over the surface of porous aluminum oxide films, previously formed by anodization process. Alumina pore dimensions varied between 4-200 nm, depending on the parameters of the anodization process. The size of the grown a-Si:H pillars was quite homogeneous and could be tightly controlled by the anodization conditions. Immediately after PECVD process, PL from the pillar structure was very weak and not visible by naked eye, but after a short electrochemical treatment in 1% wt HF at 2 mA/cm 2 it became quite bright and visible at normal daylight. A red shift, very similar to the one shown by porous silicon formed on monocrystalline substrates, was observed during samples drying after the electrochemical treatment.


Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan, photographed ca 21 June 1964 by an Evening Post photographer.
Other - Dated from inscription on envelope for original negative
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Resin-coated paper print 13.2 x 8.3 cm


The invention relates to coloured aluminium pigments consisting of metal-oxide-coated aluminium platelet substrates in which the metal oxide coating contains colour pigments, a process for their production and their use as effect pigments.


The necessity of AutoCAD skill training and its drawing principle should be followed while teaching are presented,making students able to grasp AutoCAD drawing skill,thus to improve drawing efficiency.


The technical and clinical usefulness of three substrates for serum cholinesterase were compared. The diagnostic value of acetylthiocholine was equal to that of butyrylthiocholine and superior to that of o-nitrophenylbutyrate. Technically, butyrylthiocholine is superior to the other two substrates chiefly because of its greater affinity for serum cholinesterase. A kinetic method using o-nitrophenylbutyrate is described that is capable of carrying out 60 tests per hour with good results.


ABSTRACT The leafhopper assassin bug, Zelus renardii Kolenati, is a natural enemy and stands out among species in the large New World genus Zelus Fabricius (∼60 spp.) by its introduction to and establishment in 3 biogeographic regions. We here present documentation of the distribution and habitat of Z. renardii in its native range in North and Central America and compare it with Z. tetracanthus Stål, a wide-ranging New World congener that apparently has not dispersed outside of its native range. In addition, we document and compare predatory and reproductive behaviors in the 2 species. Zelus renardii is widely distributed in the Western USA and shows a continuous geographic range south to Guatemala; Z. tetracanthus is broadly distributed across North and Central America and also occurs in Brazil. In Riverside County, California, Z. renardii is common in suburban and disturbed habitats in addition to certain natural areas, whereas Z. tetracanthus is usually restricted to natural areas. The behavioral comparison under laboratory conditions indicated that Z. renardii caught prey faster and that feeding duration in this species was shorter than in Z. tetracanthus. The duration of pre-copulatory behaviors in Z. renardii was shorter than in Z. tetracanthus, resulting in a shorter overall mating duration. Based on the higher percentage of egg batches that produced first instars in Z. renardii, this species may establish large populations under adverse conditions faster than Z. tetracanthus. Our observations on distribution and biology contribute toward an understanding of the differences in invasiveness between the 2 species.


Figure 1. FSI simulation of an offshore wind turbine design utilizing a spar buoy concept. The presentation is focused on the computational framework that involves coupling of fluid flow and structures undergoing large deformations [1]. The formulation of fluid mechanics on the moving domain is presented. A framework for computational fluid-structure interaction (FSI) based on the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation is presented. Although the framework was developed in the context of interface-tracking mesh-moving methods, it is actually applicable to the case when the structural geometry is immersed in the fluid mechanics domain, which may or may not be in motion, leading to a technique that involves interface capturing. Basics of Isogeometric Analysis [2] are also discussed. The fluid-structure interface discretization is assumed to be nonmatching allowing for the coupling of standard finite-element and isogeometric discretizations for the fluid and structural mechanics parts of the FSI problem, respectively. FSI coupling strategies and their implementation in the high-performance parallel computing environment are also discussed, and computational challenges presented. Simulations ranging from cardiovascular fluid mechanics and FSI to full-scale wind-turbine FSI are presented (see Figure 1). REFERENCES [1] Y. Bazilevs, K. Takizawa, and T. E. Tezduyar. Computational Fluid–Structure Interaction: Methods and Applications. Wiley, 2013. [2] J.A. Cottrell, T.J.R. Hughes, and Y. Bazilevs. Isogeometric Analysis: Toward Integration of CAD and FEA. Wiley, 2009.


This paper presents a stability criterion for sector restricted Lur'e systems via the proposed Lyapunov function of Lur'e Postnikov type and transforms it into a state-feedback stabilization criterion, which is in fact non-convex. Introducing a relaxation technique associated with some tuning variables leads to an iterative procedure for obtaining a controller from the criterion. Examples show the resulting controller outperforms the controllers in the literature


A design of a well-characterized, mechanically and thermally stable multi-frequency VAlidation STandard antenna for mm-wave frequencies (mm-VAST) developed in an ESA project is presented. The antenna will facilitate inter-comparison and validation of antenna measurement ranges at K/Ka and Q/V bands in response to on-going deployment of satellite communication services at 20/30 GHz (K/Ka-band) as well as future commercial use of the 40/50 GHz bands (Q/V-band).


A 17-year-old boy found swelling, pain, and ulceration on both sides of the breast, and redness and suppuration on both sides of the armpit. The breast ultrasound revealed hypoechoic mass with abundant blood supply measuring 72 ×9 mm in the left breast. Similar lumps appear in the right breast and double axilla, considered for gynecomastia and inflammatory lesions. Questioning the medical history, the patient complained that there was no obvious cause of a lump in the left areola over a year ago, with a diameter of about 0.5cm. The patient was treated with standard antibiotic treatment and prednisone at the local hospital. The range increased to the underarm, and lesions also appeared on the right chest and right armpit (Figure 1). Due to high levels of prolactin, we found the patients with pituitary microadenoma through enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Figure 2). Considering the serious condition of the patient, we performed debridement surgery. Before the operation, the breast enhanced MRI showed the left breast and the armpit, the right chest wall, and the axillary nonmassive strengthening lesion (Figure 2). Combining the above situation and the results of pathological tissue, we consider that the patient is gynecomastia, male granulomatous mastitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa (Figure 3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of this multidisease combination occurring in a male breast. Due to insufficient knowledge of the case and previous improper treatment, this patient got severe damage. The early diagnosis and active treatment for the primary diseases are very important. Selecting the appropriate timing of operation in the treatment plays a key role as well.


In accordance with the characteristics of the riverbed in the shallow water area on Baozhensha side,the 60-m span continuous girders of Shanghai Changjiang River Bridge over the shallow water area were determined to be constructed by the precast segmental cantilever assembling method.This paper presents the structural layout,principal structure,prestressing system,structural calculation and analysis and the principal construction method of the girders and illustrates in detail the key techniques,including those of the dimension modification,precision control of precasting and assembling of the girder segments,simplified treatment of the calculation methods for external prestressing,calculation of external prestressing loss and the durability design of external prestressing strands of the continuous curved girders precast by the short line match method.


This paper discloses the combustion stability during a transition to the low emission operation regime and extension of the stable combustion range. The key influencing factors are the combustor flow velocity, temperature and pressure. The investigated combustor is a pre-mix type with the swirl combustion stabilization. The burner has pilot and main fuel supply channels that allow control of the air-fuel mixture contents. The LEC applied to an aero-derivative GT was tested at the air inlet pressure 2 MPa and temperature 475 o C and the exhaust gas temperature up to 1320 o C.


Objective: Taxane 13α-hydroxylase is one of the six hydroxylases involved in the downstream pathway of Taxol biosynthesis and it catalyzes the C13 side chain of taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5alpha-ol to form taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5 alpha,13 alpha-diol by hydroxylation reaction.In this study,taxane 13α-hydroxylase gene from Taxus chinensis var.mairei was cloned and its sequence had been analyzed by bioinformatics.Method: Total DNA and RNA from Taxus chinensis var.mairei were used as the template to clone the DNA sequence and cDNA sequence of taxane 13α-hydroxylase gene by PCR and RT-PCR respectively.Bioinformatics softwares were used to analysis the protein sequence.Result: The result of sequencing showed that the length of cDNA is 1651 bp.The gene contained an opening reading frame of 1458 bp,which coded for 485 amino acid residues.The result of alignment showed that its cDNA sequence has 99% similarity to the taxane 13α-hydroxylase gene of Taxus x media which has been reported in NCBI,and its protein sequence has 96% similarity to taxane 13α-hydroxylase of Taxus x media.Conclusion: Taxane 13α-hydroxylase gene from Taxus chinensis var.mairei was obtained,which would provide the molecular base for producing Taxol or its advanced precursors by genetic engineering.


Generally, two spiral tool path generation methods are applied to ultra-precision three-axis turning of off-axis convex ellipsoidal surface, which are tool path generating by revolving around the axis of convex ellipsoidal surface and revolving around the axis of cylindrical surface. In this article, two different computed results of spiral tool path generation for off-axis convex ellipsoidal surface are analyzed, and several key technologies during tool path generation are analyzed in theory. The general procedure of generating the precision tool trajectory is also presented. The characteristics of two different turning trajectories for the surface manufacturing are compared and studied in some typical aspects in the end. The studies show that each of the two different tool path generation methods has its own suitable work environment, and a reasonable method should be chosen according to the processing requirement and work environment during the process of single-point diamond turning. The analysis and argument presented provide an effective choice of the accurate spiral tool path generation method in ultra-precision manufacturing of the off-axis convex ellipsoidal surface, and the method can be used in the accurate spiral tool path choice of any kind of off-axis surface.


Decitabine is now as the first-line drug for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome because of its certain effect.However,if the effect is uncertain,the choice of next treatment is important.We recently transplanted autologous stem cell transplantation to a myelodysplastic syndrome patient progressing to acute leukemia,good results were achieved.


Its periphery like the ill-adjusted uprights of a mobile metallic frame, I had howeverwithout any possible applicationheld firmly in my hands, already: paved path shrunken on the anvil of one of the smiths have given at long intervals, formerly, in the valley, the timbre of places inhabited now deserted. Even yesterday we were speaking of it. The brusqueness of the cold which had abated, thereafter, with the storm, is no more, between my sheets, than a memory of which I can hardly make out, in midsummer, whether it comes out of a book or a village. The cold, suddenly revived by the unexpected striking of the storm, and to which, all trace of warmth vanished, was added then that of the night, settled like snow in my head, blocking the ways ...


This book will be of interest to anthropologists interested in doing work in organizations. More to the point for ASQ's readers, it could be useful to students of organizations hoping to extend their research to new settings or to develop insights into emerging phenomena that may not be amenable to a more deductive approach. Although this is not an ethnographic how-to, readers will find the discussions of research dilemmas and tradeoffs, ethical questions, and constraints presented by particular settings helpful. All of the chapters highlight, directly or implicitly, questions of access, trust, ethics, usefulness, and legitimacy. Many of the case studies are also interesting, such that I often wished I were reading a more complete ethnography. The point of this book is not to present a set of ethnographies, however, but to provide pieces of ethnography to illustrate and reflect on the ethnographic process and contribution. There did seem to be a lack of coherence among chapters, as well as unevenness in the level of insight offered on ethnography in organizational research. This may, in fact, mirror the biases of anthropology for description over prescription and for particularism over generalization. I found Van Maanen's afterword helpful in this regard and also benefited from rereading Hirsch and Gellner's introduction after reading all the main chapters. This was a small concession to make for a text that is potentially valuable in exploring new research areas and methods and stimulating our thinking along the way.


The employment of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) provides a potential selection for heat dissipation and energy storage. The main reason that hinders the wide application is the low thermal conductivity of PCMs. Combining the proper metal fin and copper foam, the fin/composite phase change material (Fin-CPCM) structure with good performance could be obtained. However, the flow resistance of liquid paraffin among the porous structure has seldom been reported, which will significantly affect the thermal performance inside the metal foam. Furthermore, the presence of porous metal foam is primarily helpful for enhancing the heat transfer process from the bottom heat source. The heat transfer rate is slow due to the one-dimensional heat transfer from the bottom. It should be beneficial for improving the heat transfer performance by adding external fins. Therefore, in the present study, a modified structure by combining the metal fin and copper foam is proposed to further accelerate the melting process and improve the temperature uniformity of the composite.

The purpose of this study is to research the differences in the heat transfer performance among pure paraffin, Composite Phase Change Materials (CPCM) and fin/Composite Phase Change Material (Fin-CPCM) under different heating conditions, and the flow resistance of melting paraffin in copper foam.

To experimentally research the differences in the heat transfer performance among pure paraffin, CPCM and Fin-CPCM under different heating conditions, a visual experimental platform was set up, and the flow resistance of melting paraffin in copper foam was also analyzed. In order to probe into the limits of the heat transfer capability of composite phase change materials, the temperature distribution of PCMs under constant heat fluxes and constant temperature conditions was studied. In addition, the evolution of the temperature distributions was visualized by using the infrared thermal imager at specific points during the melting process.

The experimental results showed that the maximum temperature of Fin-CPCM decreased by 21°C under the heat flux of 1500W/m2 compared with pure paraffin. At constant temperature heating conditions, the melting time of Fin-CPCM at a temperature of 75°C is about 2600s, which is 65% less than that of pure paraffin. Due to the presence of the external fins, which brings the advantage of improving the heat transfer rate, the experimental result exhibited the most uniform temperature distribution.

The addition of copper foam can accelerate the melting process. The addition of external fins brings the advantage of improving the heat transfer rate, and can make the temperature distribution more uniform.


Majority of persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. In this case report, we present a patient with bacteremia, osteomyelitis involving the lumbar spine, and infective endocarditis of the anterior/posterior leaflets of the mitral valve with moderate regurgitation who eventually underwent emergent mitral valve replacement. Prior to the surgery, Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) and Triple-Lumen Central Venous Catheter were placed via left brachial vein and right internal jugular vein approach, respectively. Incidental PLSVC was identified on routine post-procedural radiograph as the catheters were seen in the left paramediastinal location. Interestingly, further analysis revealed that the PLSVC was not accompanied by a normal right-sided superior vena cava (SVC), which is a very rare variation of the venous system in the chest.


The infant mortality rate caused by TB in Indonesia is 91,368 per year or 250 people everyday (Depkes RI, 2010). This study was conducted to obtain a description of the relationship history of contact with adult tuberculosis patients and history of BCG immunization with the incidence of Pulmonary TB in Children in Child Poly Room Husada Hospital. This research uses correlative descriptive method. The population in this study were all pediatric patients aged 6 months - 12 years old who went to the Husada Hospital Clinic of Central Jakarta Hospital in March 2015 - April 2015. The sample in this study were 41 people with accidental sampling sampling technique. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between contact with adult patients with the incidence of Pulmonary TB in children in Poli Anak Husada Hospital and no significant relationship between BCG immunization with the incidence of Pulmonary TB in children in Poli Anak Husada Hospital.


The development of stand survival models can provide an important basis for the sustainable management of forest resources. In a new approach developed in this study, parameters of four survival quantile regression models were predicted from a quantile associated with a current stand density. The curves from these quantile regression models were then used to project future stand density for that stand. A three-fold cross-validation revealed that the quantile regression approach outperformed the least squares method based on three evaluation statistics, especially for longer projection lengths. These results were consistent for all four survival models evaluated. The best survival model is Clutter–Jones model, without constraints, but its ln( N)–ln( Dq) trajectories ( N = stand density and Dq = quadratic mean diameter) from the quantile regression showed the linear self-thinning trend.


The aim of the paper is to introduce and clarify the financial and non-financial characteristics of microcredit programs based on a credit guarantee. We call these programs, which are widespread in Europe, Indirect Microcredit Programs (IMPs) because they use an indirect microcredit model. We discuss their differences with respect to the traditional direct microcredit model (i.e. the model pioneered by Grameen Bank) and credit guarantee schemes for SMEs. We identify and discuss the three key financial variables of IMPs: the guarantee fund amount, the coverage ratio, and the multiplier between the guarantee fund and the amount of loans that the banks participating in the program agree to disburse. We introduce a theoretical model to estimate the value of IMPs in terms of loan disbursements. With this model, we draw indications for the design and management of IMPs. First, we show that the guarantee fund amount, the coverage ratio, and the default rate determine the maximum amount of loans that an IMP can disburse. Second, we demonstrate that higher multipliers accelerate the loan disbursements, but do not increase the maximum amount that an IMP can disburse. Finally we clarify that, through the multiplier, an IMP can increase the real value of the loan disbursements and can accelerate the loan disbursements. We discuss the definition of an optimal multiplier for a given IMP, the limitations of this microcredit model, and opportunities for further research. Finally, we note that our results may also apply to credit guarantee schemes for SMEs and to developing countries.


Pressures to increase accountability in basic skills education have encouraged policy makers and postsecondary institutions to focus on student achievement. Using the Washington State Student Achievement Initiative Database and two consecutive years of data, this study examines the academic progress of basic skills students at one community college over the course of a year. Overall, one program, I-BEST short-term education and training leading to a certificate or further education or training, was the most successful route to earning college credit. However, other basic skills students frequently earned college credit that could lead to degrees and transferable credits. Many students in all basic skills programs made no measured academic skill gains. Demographic differences suggest that self-selection bias must be considered in drawing conclusions from the course-taking patterns. These findings indicate more attention should be paid not only to college credits earned but to enrollment as well.


It is perceived that the Department of Public Service and Administration (DPSA) has, after the abolition of the rank and leg promotions system in 2000, a problem with career management and more specific with career progression, of their employees. After the restructuring of the Public Service it seems as if employees are stuck on a salary level and that no progression is possible. The Faculty of Military Science employs Military University Educators (MUEs) whose primary function is to lecture military personnel of the Department of Defence (DoD) on a tertiary level. The Staff Development and Service Conditions Committee of this Faculty, in conjunction with the Directorate Service Systems of the DoD, developed a Personnel Management Code (PMC) for MUEs over the past nine years that addresses career management and career progression. Included in this PMC is a career path model that is proposed as a benchmark for career pathing within the Public Service of South Africa, especially for the professional dispensations.